Chapter 14 Review Questions

General Chemistry: Atoms First, 2e (McMurry and Fay) Chapter 14 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases

14.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) An Arrhenius Arrhenius acid is best defined as a A) hydroxide donor. B) proton acceptor. C) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueo us hydrogen ions. ) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroxide ions. Answer! C iff! 1 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory ') (hen dissoled in water* which of the following co+pounds is an Arrhenius acid, A) -C B) a/C) a0 ) C-C-'/Answer! A iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ) An Arrhenius Arrhenius base is best d efined as a A) proton donor. B) hydroxide acceptor. C) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueo us hydrogen ions. ) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroxide ions. Answer!  iff! 1 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory 4) (hen dissoled in water* which of the following co+pounds is an Arrhenius base, A) C-/B) -/Cl C) 2/) 2Cl Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory

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3) A Br%nsted$&owry acid is best defined de fined as a substance that can A) accept a hydroxide ion. B) donate a hydroxide ion. C) accept a proton. ) donate a proton. Answer!  iff! 1 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory ) (hich one of the following species acts as a Br%nsted$&owry acid in water, A) aB) -45 C) C- -' ) C- Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory 6) 7n the following che+ical equation indicate the reactant that is a Br%nsted$&owry acid -C8aq -C8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 C$8aq). aq). A) -C B) -'/ C) -/5 ) C$ Answer! A iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory 9) 7ndicate all the Br%nsted$&owry acids in the following ch e+ical reaction -Cl8aq -Cl8aq)) 5 -'/8aq /8aq)) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 Cl$8aq). aq). A) -Cl* -'/ B) -Cl* C) -Cl* Cl$ ) -Cl* -'/* -/5 Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory


:) (hat are the Br%nsted$&owry bases in the following che+ical reaction C3-3 8aq) 5 -'/8l) ⇌ C3-3 -58aq) 5 /-$8aq), A) C3-3 * -'/ B) C3-3 * C3-3 -5 C) C3-3 * ) C3-3 * -'/* /-$ Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory 1;) (hat are the Br%nsted$&owry acids in the following che+ical reaction -Br8sol) 5 C-C//-8sol) ⇌ C-C8/-)'58sol) 5 Br $8sol), A) -Br* C-C//B) -Br* C) C-C//-* C-C8/-)'5 ) C-C//-* Br $ Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory 11) (hat are the con

1) (hat is the con/4'$, A) ->/4 B) -'>/4$ C) ->/4'$ ) >/4$ Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory 14) (hat is the con/4 Answer! A iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory 1) (rite (rite a balanced equation for the dissociation of the Br%nsted$&owry acid -#/4$ in water. A) -#/4$8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -'#/48aq) aq) 5 /-$8aq) aq) B) -#/4$8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ #/4'$8aq) aq) 5 -/58aq) aq) C) -#/4$8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ #/'$8aq) aq) 5 /-$8aq) aq) ) -#/4$8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ #/8 g ) 5 /-$8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory


16) (hich of the following Br%nsted$&owry acids does not behae as a strong acid when it is dissoled in water, A) B) -Cl C) -/' ) -Cl/4 Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 19) (hich Br%nsted $&owry base has the strongest con

'1) 0ro+ the following che+ical reactions deter+ine the relatie Br%nsted$&owry acid strengths 8strongest to wea@est). -Cl8aq -Cl8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ? -/58aq) aq) 5 Cl$8aq) aq) -C8aq -C8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 C$8aq) aq) A) -Cl  -C  -/5 B) -Cl  -/5  -C C) -/5  -Cl  -C ) -C  -/5  -Cl Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength '') 0ro+ the following che+ical reactions deter+ine the relatie Br%nsted$&owry acid strengths 8strongest to wea@est). -Cl/48aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ? -/58aq) aq) 5 Cl/4$8aq) aq) -/'8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 /'$8aq) aq) A) -Cl/4  -/5  -/' B) -Cl/4  -/'  -/5 C) -/5  -Cl/4  -/' ) -/5  -/'  -Cl/4 Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength ') 0ro+ the following che+ical reactions deter+ine the relatie Br%nsted$&owry acid strengths 8strongest to wea@est). -Cl/48sol) 5 C- C//-8l C//-8l ) ? C-C'8/-)'58sol) 5 Cl/4$8aq) aq) -'#/48sol) 5 C-C//-8l C//-8l ) ⇌ C-C8/-)'58sol) 5 -#/ 4$8sol) A) -Cl/4  -'#/4  C-C//B) -Cl/4  -'#/4  C-C8/-)'5 C) -Cl/4  C-C//-  -'#/4 ) -Cl/4  C-C8/-)'5  -'#/4 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength


'4) 0ro+ the following che+ical reactions deter+ine the relatie Br%nsted$&owry base strengths 8strongest to wea@est). -/8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ? -/58aq) aq) 5 /$8aq) aq) -08aq -08aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 0$8aq) aq) A) -/  -/5  -0 B) /$  -'/  0$ C) 0$  -'/  /$ ) 0$  /$  -'/ Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength '3) 0ro+ the following che+ical reactions deter+ine the relatie Br%nsted$&owry base strengths 8strongest to wea@est). ' a-8 s) /8l ) ? ' a/- 5 - '8 g ) s) 5 -'/8l -8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -458aq) aq) 5 /-$8aq) aq) A) -$  /-$  - B) -$  -  /-$ C) /-$ -$  - ) /-$  -  -$ Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength ') "he equilibriu+ constant* K constant* K * for the reaction shown below has a alue 1.9  1; 3. 7n this reaction which is the strongest acid and which is the strongest base, C-C/'-8aq -8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 C-C/'  8aq) aq) A) C-C/'- and C-C/'  B) C-C/'- and -'/ C) -/5 and -'/ ) -/5 and C-C/'  Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength


"he following pictures represent aqueous solutions of binary acids o f the type -A where the water +olecules hae been o+itted for clarity c larity..

'6) eter+ine the strongest acid of the set. A) A B) B C) C )  Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength '9) Arrange the acids in order of increasing acid strength. A)  D C D A D B B)  D C D B D A C)  D B D A D C )  D A D C D B Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength ':) (hat is the geo+etric shape of the hydrated protonE that is* the hydroniu+ ion -/5, A) angular B) trigonal pyra+idal C) trigonal planar ) tetrahedral Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength

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;) An acidic solution at '3FC has A) G-/5H  G/-$H  1  1;$6 M. B) G-/5H  1  1; $6 M  G/- $H. C) G-/5H I G/-$H  1  1;$6 M. ) G-/5H D 1  1;$6 M  G/- $H. Answer! B iff! 1 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter 1) At 3;FC the alue of K of K w is 3.3  1;$14. A basic solution at 3;FC 3;FC has A) G-/5H D G/-$H D '.  1;$6 M. B) G-/5H D '.  1;$6 M D G/-$H. C) G-/5H I G/-$H D '.  1;$6 M. ) G-/5H  '.  1;$6 M D G/-$H. Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter ') Calculate the hydroniu+ ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains '.3;  1;$4 M in hydroxide ion. A) 4.;;  1;$: M B) 4.;;  1;$1; M C) 4.;;  1;$11 M ) 3.;;  1;$11 M Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains .3;  1;$ M in hydroniu+ ion. A) '.9  1;$4 M B) '.9  1;$11 M C) '.9  1;$1' M ) .3;  1;$1' M Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter Algo. /ption! algorith+ic

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4) A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration conce ntration of .'3  1;$' M is JJJJJJJJ and has a hydroxide concentration of JJJJJJJJ. A) acidic* .;9  1;$1' M B) acidic* .;9  1;$1 M C) basic* .;9  1;$1' M ) basic* .;9  1;$1 M Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 3) A solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.13  1;$4 M is JJJJJJJJ and has a hydrogen ion concentration of JJJJJJJJ. A) acidic* '.41  1;$1; M B) acidic* '.41  1;$11 M C) basic* '.41  1;$1; M ) basic* '.41  1;$11 M Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ) 7f the ioniKation constant of water* K water* K w* at 4;FC is '.:'  1;$14* then what is the hydroniu+ ion concentration for a neutral solution, A) G-/5H D 1.;;  1;$6 M B) G-/5H  1.61  1;$6 M C) G-/5H I 1.61  1;$6 M ) G-/5H D 1.61  1;$6 M Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter 6) An acidic solution at '3FC will hae a hydroniu+ ion concentration JJJJJJJJ and a palue JJJJJJJJ. A) G-/5H  1  1;$6 M* p-  6.;; B) G-/5H  1  1; $6 M* p- D 6.;; C) G-/5H D 1  1; $6 M* p-  6.;; ) G-/5H D 1  1;$6 M* p- D 6.;; Answer! B iff! 1 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale


9) 7f the ioniKation constant of water* K water* K w* at 4;FC is '.:'  1;$14* then what is the hydroniu+ ion concentration and p- for an acidic solution, A) G-/5H  1.61  1;$6 M and p-  .66 B) G-/5H  1.61  1;$6 M and p- D .66 C) G-/5H D 1.61  1;$6 M and p-  .66 ) G-/5H D 1.61  1;$6 M and p- D .66 Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale :) Calculate the p- for an aqueous solution of acetic acid that contains ion. A) 4.3  1;$1' B) '.13  1;$ C) '.6 ) 11. Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 4;) Calculate the p- for an aqueous solution of pyridine that contains ion. A) 4.3  1;$11 B) '.13  1;$4 C) .6 ) 1;. Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic

hydroniu+

hydroxide

41) (hat is the hydroxide ion concentration and the p- for a hydrochloric acid solution that has a hydroniu+ ion concentration of A) .6  1;$1; M* 4.9' B) .6  1;$1; M* :.19 C) .6  1;$11 M* .9' ) .6  1;$11 M* 1;.19 Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


4') (hat is the hydroniu+ ion concentration and the p- for an aqueous solution of o f - that has a hydroxide ion concentration of A) 4.44  1;$11 M* .3 B) 4.44  1;$11 M* 1;.3 C) 4.44  1;$1' M* '.3 ) 4.44  1;$1' M* 11.3 Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 4) (hat is the hydroniu+ ion concentration of an acid rain sa+ple that has a pp - of .13, A) 1.41  1;$11 M B) 6.;9  1;$4 M C) .13 M ) 1;.93 M Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 44) (hat is the hydroxide ion concentration of a lye solution that has a p- of 11.';, A) .1  1;$1' M B) 1.39  1;$ M C) '.9; M ) 11.'; M Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 43) (hat state+ent is +ost consistent for an acid with a p- I , A) one one$hundredth as strong as an acid with a p- of 3 B) half a strong as an acid with a p- I 3 C) twice as strong as an acid with a p- of 3 ) one hundred ti+es as strong as an acid with a p- I 3 Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale


4) At '3FC* the p- of a inegar solution is '.;. (hat are the alues of G-/5H and G/-$H in the solution, A) .::  1;$1' M* '.31  1;$ M B) '.31  1;$ M* .:9  1;$1' M C) '.31  1;$ M* 11.4; M ) '.; M* 11.4; M Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale 46) (hat is the approxi+ate p- of a solution L that gies the following responses with the indicators shown,

Indicators

HIn  In!

pH ran"e

#olution $

+ethyl orange

red$yellow

.'$4.4

yellow

+ethyl red

red$yellow

4.9$.;

yellow

bro+thy+ol blue

yellow$blue

.;$6.

green

phenolphthalein

colorless$pin@

9.'$1;.;

colorless

A) .' $ 4.4 B) 4.9 $ .; C) .; $ 6. ) 9.' $ 1;.; Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. Measuring p-


49) (hat is the approxi+ate p- of a solution L that gies the following responses with the indicators shown,

Indicators

HIn  In!

pH ran"e

#olution $

+ethyl orange

red$yellow

.'$4.4

yellow

+ethyl red

red$yellow

4.9$.;

orange

bro+thy+ol blue

yellow$blue

.;$6.

yellow

phenolphthalein

colorless$pin@

9.'$1;.;

colorless

A) .' $ 4.4 B) 4.9 $ .; C) .; $ 6. ) 9.' $ 1;.; Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. Measuring p4:) (hat is the approxi+ate p- of a solution L that gies the following responses with the indicators shown,

Indicators

HIn  In!

pH ran"e

#olution $

+ethyl orange

red$yellow

.'$4.4

yellow

+ethyl red

red$yellow

4.9$.;

yellow

bro+thy+ol blue

yellow$blue

.;$6.

blue

phenolphthalein

colorless$pin@

9.'$1;.;

pin@

A) 4.9 $ .; B) .; $ 6. C) 6. $ 9.' )  9.' Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. Measuring p-


3;) (hat is the p- of a ;.;'; M -Cl/4 solution, A) ;.;'; B) ;.;4; C) 1.6; ) 1'.; Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 31) (hat is the p- of a ;.;'; M b/- solution, A) ;.;'; B) ;.;4; C) 1.6; ) 1'.; Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases 3') (hat is the p- of a ;.;'; M Ba8/-)' solution, A) 1.4; B) 1.6; C) 1'.; ) 1'.; Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 3) (hat is the p- of a solution prepared by dissoling ;.13 gra+ of solid Ca/ 8li+e) in enough water to +a@e '.;; & of aqueous Ca8/-)' 8li+ewater), Ca/8 s) s) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ? Ca'58aq) aq) 5 ' /-$8aq) aq) A) '.36 B) '.96 C) 11.1 ) 11.4 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


34) (hat is the p- of a solution prepared by diluting '3.;; +& of ;.1; M -Cl with enough water to produce a total olu+e of 1;;.;; +&, A) 1.;; B) 1.; C) '.;; ) .'; Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 33) (hat is the p- of a solution prepared by diluting '3.;; +& of ;.;'; M Ba8/-)' with enough water to produce a total olu+e of '3;.;; +&, A) '.4; B) '.6; C) 11.; ) 11.; Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 3) (hat is the p- of a solution +ade by +ixing 1;;.;; +& of ;.'; M -Cl with 3;.;; +& of ;.1; M -Cl, Assu+e that the olu+es are additie. A) ;.13 B) ;.3' C) ;.69 ) 1.6; Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 36) (hat is the p- of a solution +ade by +ixing 1;;.; +& of ;.1; M -/* 3;.; +& of ;.'; M -Cl* and 1;;.; +& of water, Assu+e that the olu+es are additie. A) ;.; B) ;.9' C) 1.;; ) 1.1; Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


39) (hat is the p- of a solution prepared by +ixing 1;;.;; +& of ;.;'; M Ca8/-)' with 3;.;; +& of ;.1;; M a/-, Assu+e that the olu+es are additie. A) 1'.6 B) 1'.69 C) 1'.:3 ) 1.'3 Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 3:) (hat is the equilibriu+ constant expression 82 a) for the acid dissociation of hydrocyanic acid -C, "he equation of interest is -C8aq -C8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 C$8aq). aq). A) K A) K a I 8G-/5HGC$H)=8G-CHG-'/H) B) K B) K a I 8G-/5HGC$H)=8G-CH) C) K C) K a I 8G-CHG-'/H)=8G-/5HGC$H) ) K ) K a I 8G-CH)=8G-/5HGC$H) Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.9 Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids ;) (hat is the equilibriu+ constant expression 8 K a) for the acid dissociation of nitrous acid -/', "he equation of interest is -/'8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 /'$8aq). aq). A) K A) K a I 8G-/5HG/'$H)=8G-/ 'HG-'/H) B) K B) K a I 8G-/5HG/'$H)=8G-/ 'H) C) K C) K a I 8G-/'HG-'/H)=8G- /5HG/ '$H) ) K ) K a I 8G-/'H)=8G- /5HG/'$H) Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.9 Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids 1) eter+ine the acid dissociation constant for a ;.1; M acetic acid solution that has a p- of '.96. Acetic acid is a wea@ +onoprotic acid and the equilibriu+ equation of interest is A) 1.  1;$' B) 1.  1;$ C) 1.9  1;$3 ) 1.9  1;$ Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.9 Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids 17 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

') eter+ine the acid dissociation constant for a ;.;1 ; M nitrous acid solution that has a p- of '.6;. itrous acid is a wea@ +onoprotic acid and the equilibriu+ equation of interest is A) 9.;  1;$ B) '.;  1;$ C) 3.;  1;$4 ) 4.;  1;$4 Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.9 Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids ) eter+ine the acid dissociation constant for a ;.;' ; M for+ic acid solution that has a p- of '.64. 0or+ic acid is a wea@ +onoprotic acid and the equilibriu+ equation of o f interest is A) 1.9  1;$ B) 1.9  1;$4 C) .  1;$4 ) .  1;$3 Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.9 Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids 4) "he p- of ;.'33 M -C is 4.:3. (hat is the alue of K of K a for hydrocyanic acid, A) 1.  1;$1; B) 4.:  1;$1; C) 1.1  1;$3 ) 4.4  1;$3 Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.9 Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids 3) "he p- of ;.13; M C-C/'-* acetic acid* is '.69. (hat is the alue of K of K a for acetic acid, A) '.9  1;$ B) 1.:  1;$3 C) 1.6  1;$ ) 1.1  1;$' Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.9 Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids

1 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

) (hat is the strongest +onoprotic acid of the following set if all the acids are at ;.1;; M concentration, A) hydrofluoric acid with K with K a I .3  1;$4 B) benKoic acid with K with K a I .3  1;$3 C) acetic acid with K with K a I 1.9  1;$3 ) hypochlorous acid with K with K a I .3  1;$9 Answer! A iff! 1 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.9 Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids 6) (hat is the hydroniu+ ion concentration of a ;.1;; M acetic acid solution with a K a K a I 1.9  1;$3, "he equation for the dissociation of acetic acid is! C-C/'-8aq -8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) " -/58aq) aq) 5 C-C/'$8aq). aq). A) 1.  1;$' M B) 4.'  1;$' M C) 1.  1;$ M ) 4.'  1;$ M Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 9) "he p of -C -C is is :.1. :.1. (hat (hat is is the the p- of of a ;.3' ;.3' M solut solution ion of -C, -C, A) 4.9; B) 3.'; C) .6: ) . Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids :) "he of hypochlorous acid* -/Cl* is .3  . (hat is the p- of ;.69 M -/Cl, A) .69 B) .3; C) '.9' ) '.3 Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids

1! Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

6;) (hat (hat is is the p of hypobro+o hypobro+ous us acid* acid* -/Br* -/Br* if a ;.4; M -/Br has a p- of 4.3;, A) 9.; B) 4.3; C) .11 ) 4.:' Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids 61) (hat is the hydroniu+ ion concentration of a ;.1;; M hypochlorous acid solution with "he equation for the dissociation of hypochlorous ac id is! -/Cl8aq -/Cl8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) " -/58aq) aq) 5 /Cl$8aq). aq). A) 1.:  1;$4 B) 3.:  1;$4 C) 1.:  1;$3 ) 3.:  1;$3 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 6') >ara$A+inobenKoic acid 8>ABA)* 8>ABA)* p$-' C-48C//-)* is used in so+e sunscreens and hair conditioning products. Calculate the p- of an aqueous solution with and A) 1.3' B) .;: C) 4. ) .19 Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids 6) A tablet containing 3;;.; +g of aspirin 8acetylsalicylic acid or was dissoled in enough water to +a@e 1;; 1; ; +& of solution. Oien that K that K a I .;  1; 4 for aspirin* what is the pof the solution, A) 1.36 B) '.34 C) .3' ) 3.;9 Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids


64) BenKoic acid 8C-3C/'- I -BK) solutions are so+eti+es used in experi+ents to deter+ine the +olarity of a basic solution of un@nown concentration. (hat is the p- of a ;.1;; M solution of benKoic acid if and the equilibriu+ equation of interest is A) 1.;; B) '.3: C) 4.1: ) 3.1: Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids 63) >otassiu+ hydrogen phthalate 8+olar +ass I ';4.' g=+ol) is one of the +ost co++only used acids for standardiKing standardiKing solutions containing bases. 2-> is a +onoprotic wea@ acid with Calculate the p- of the solution that results when ;.4; g of 2-> is dissoled in enough water to produce '3.; +& of solution. A) '.1; B) .' C) 4.; ) 3.41 Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 6) Pinegar Pinegar is a 3.; solution by weight of acetic acid 8C-C/'-) in water. Oien that for acetic acid and assu+ing the density of inegar to be 1.;; g=c+* what is the p- of this inegar solution, A) '.;; B) '.41 C) '.96 ) 4.64 Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1; >ercent issociation in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids


66) Pinegar Pinegar is a 3.; solution by weight of acetic acid 8C-C/'-) in water. Oien that the pfor acetic acid is '.41* the and assu+ing the density of inegar to be 1.;; g=c+* what is the percent dissociation of acetic acid in inegar, A) ;.46 B) 1.3 C) 4.; ) 3.; Answer! A iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1; >ercent issociation in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids 69) (hat is the percent dissociation of a benKoic acid solution with p- I '.3:, "he acid dissociation constant for this +onoprotic acid is A) ;.3; B) 1.3 C) '.3 ) .3 Answer! C iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1; >ercent issociation in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids 6:) "he percent dissociation of acetic acid changes as the concentration of the acid decreases. A 1;;$fold decrease in acetic acid concentration results in a JJJJJJJJ fold JJJJJJJJ in the percent dissociation. A) 1;* increase B) 1;* decrease C) 1;;* increase ) 1;;* decrease Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1; >ercent issociation in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids 9;) (hich of the following are wea@ diprotic acids, A) carbonic acid $ -'C/* hydrosulfuric acid $ -'#* acetic acid $ C-C/'B) for+ic acid $ -C/'-* acetic acid C-C/'-* benKoic acid C-3C/'C) carbonic acid $ -'C/* oxalic acid $ -'C'/4* sulfurous acid $ -'#/ ) hydrocyanic acid $ -C* sulfuric acid $ -'#/4* phosphoric acid $ ->/4 Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids


91) (hat is the second stepwise equilibriu+ constant expression for phosphoric acid ->/4, A) K A) K a' I 8G-/5HG-'>/4$H)=8G- >/4H) B) K B) K a' I 8G-/5H'G->/4'$H)=8G- >/4H) C) K C) K a' a' I 8G-/5HG>/4$H)=8G- >/4H) ) K ) K a' a' I 8G-/5HG->/4'$H)=8G- '>/4$H) Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids 9') Calculate the p- of a ;.;'; M carbonic acid solution* -'C/8aq)* aq)* that has the stepwise dissociation constants and A) 1.6; B) 4.; C) .6 ) 1;.'3 Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 9) Calculate the p- of a ;.'; M -'#/ solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants K a1 I 1.3  1;$' and K and K a' I .  1;$9. A) 1.' B) 1.' C) 1.9' ) '.3' Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 94) Calculate the concentration of bicarbonate ion* -C/$* in a ;.;1; M -'C/ solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants and A) .  1;$3 M B) 4.  1;$6 M C) 4.  1;$: M ) 3.  1;$11 M Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


93) (hat is the p- of a ;.1; M - '#e solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants K constants K a1 a1 I 1.  1;$4 and K and K a' I 1.;  1;$11, A) '.44 B) .9: C) 4.9: ) 3.3; Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 9) (hat is the selenide ion concentration G#e'$H for a ;.1;; M -'#e solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants of K of K a1 and K a' a1 I 1.  1;$4 and K a' I 1.;  1;$11, A) .  1;$ M B) 1.  1;$4 M C) 1.  1;$3 M ) 1.;  1;$11 M Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 96) (hich of the following can be classified as a wea@ base, A) C- -' B) -'/C) Both C- -' and -'/) either C- -' nor -'/Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases 99) (hat is the p- of a ;.1;; M - solution that has K has K b I 1.9  1;$3 , "he equation for the dissociation of - is A) 1.96 B) '.96 C) 11.1 ) 1'.1 Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


9:) (hat (hat is is the the conc concent entrat ration ion of  in a ;.'; M a++on a++onia ia solu solutio tion, n, "he base base disso dissocia ciaton ton constant for a++onia is 1.9  . A) ;.;;1: M B) ;.'; M C) ;.;'; M ) ;.;4; M Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases :;) :;) "he conc concen enttrat ration ion of of C  in a ;.'; ;.'; M +ethy ethyla la+i +ine ne 8C M. (hat is for +ethyla+ine, A) '.6  B) 3.4  C) 1.'  ) .  Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases

) solution is '.' 

:1) (hat is the p- of a ;.; M pyridine solution that has a K b I 1.:  1;$: , "he equation for the dissociation of pyridine is A) 4.' B) 9.6' C) :.9 ) 1;.9 Answer! C iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic :') Aniline* 8C-3 -'* K b I 4.  1;$1; at '3FC) is an industrially i+portant a+ine used in the +a@ing of dyes. eter+ine the p- of an aniline solution +ade by dissoling .:; g of aniline in enough water to +a@e 1;; +& of solution. A) 4.96 B) :.1 C) :.64 ) 1;.64 Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic

:) eter+ine the a++onia concentration concentration of an aqueous solution that has a p- of 11.3;. 11.3;. "he 25 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

equation for the dissociation of - 8 K b I 1.9  1;$3) is A) '.3 M B) ;.33 M C) 3.6  1;$ M ) .'  1;$ M Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic :4) -ow +any gra+s of pyridine are there in 1;; +& of an aqueous solution that has a p- of :.;;, "he K "he K b for pyridine is 1.:  and the equation of interest is C3-3 8aq 8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ C3-3 -58aq) aq) 5 /-$8aq). aq). A) ;.;3 g B) ;.4' g C) ;.6: g ) 6.: g Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases :3) (hat is the relationship between K between K a and K and K b at '3FC for a con

:6) Methyla+ine C- -'* has a base dissociation constant of .6  .6  1;$4. (hat is the con/4$* has an acid dissociation constant of con/4$ and what is its base dissociation constant, A) ->/4* 1.  1; B) ->/4* 1.  1;$9 C) ->/4'$* 1.  1; ) ->/4'$* 1.  1;$9 Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 elation Between 2a and 2b 1;;) (hich of the following salts are acidic, A) &iCl* aCl* 2Cl B) -4Cl* CuCl'* AlCl C) aC-C/'* 2C-C/'* bC-C/' ) aCl* -4Cl* a'C/ Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts


(hat is the

1;1) (hich one of the following salts* when dissoled in water* produces the solution with the highest p-, p-, A) a-#/4 B) &iCl/4 C) Mg/ ) C- -7 Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 1;') 7f an equal nu+ber of +oles of the wea@ acid -C and the strong base 2/- are added to water* is the resulting solution acidic* basic* or neutral, A) acidic B) basic C) neutral ) "here is insufficient infor+ation proided to answer this question. Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 1;) Arrange the following ;.1; M aqueous solutions in order of increasing p-! a/-* -Br* aC-C/'* 2Br* -4Br. A) -Br* 2Br* -4Br* aC-C/'* a/B) a/-* aC-C/'* -4Br* 2Br* -Br C) a/-* aC-C/'* 2Br* -4Br* -Br ) -Br* -4Br* 2Br* aC-C/'* a/Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts 1;4) (hich one of the following salts* when dissoled in water* produces the solution with the highest p-, p-, A) 27 B) 2Br C) 2Cl ) 20 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


1;3) (hich one of the following salts* when dissoled in water* produces the solution with a pclosest to to 6.;;, A) -4Cl B) Ba/ C) a-#/4 ) b7 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 1;) Calculate the p- of a ;.1;; M aC-C/' solution. K solution. K a for acetic acid* C-C/'-* is A) '.96 B) 3.1 C) 9.96 ) 11.1 Answer! C iff! 3 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 1;6) Calculate the p- of a of ;.1;; M 2Br/ solution. K solution. K a for hypobro+ous acid* -Br/* is A) .13 B) 4.93 C) :.13 ) 1;.93 Answer!  iff! 3 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 1;9) Calculate the p- of a ;.1;; M C- -Cl solution. K solution. K b for +ethyla+ine* C- -'* is A) '.'' B) 3.69 C) 9.'' ) 11.69 Answer! B iff! 3 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


1;:) Nqual olu+es of ;.1; M - 8 K b I 1.9  1;$3) and ;.1; M -C 8 K a I 4.:  1;$1;) are +ixed together. (ill (ill the resulting solution be b e acidic* basic* or neutral, A) acidic B) basic C) neutral ) insufficient infor+ation to sole Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts 11;) (hich one of the following salts* when dissoled in water* produces the solution with the lowest p-, p-, A) aCl B) -4Cl C) MgCl' ) AlCl Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 111) 111) (hat is the identity of M in the hydrate M8-'/)n5 that has the ;.1; M solution with the lowest p-, A) &i5 B) a5 C) Mg'5 ) Al5 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts 11') (hat is the identity of M in the hydrate M8-'/)n5 that has the ;.1; M solution with the highest p-, A) &i5 B) a5 C) Mg'5 ) Al5 Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts


11) (hat is the strongest acid a+ong the following, A) -0 B) -Cl C) -Br ) -7 Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength 114) (hat is the strongest acid a+ong the following, A) -'/ B) -'# C) -'#e ) -'"e Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength 113) (hat is the strongest acid a+ong the following, A) -0 B) -Cl C) -'/ ) -'# Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength 11) (hat is the wea@est acid a+ong the following, A) #i-4 B) >- C) -'# ) -Cl Answer! A iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength 116) (hich acid of the following set has the strongest con
119) (hat is the strongest base a+ong the following, A) Cl/$ B) Cl/'$ C) Cl/$ ) Cl/4$ Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength 11:) (hat is the strongest acid a+ong the following, A) -'#/ B) -'#/4 C) -'#e/ ) -'#e/4 Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength 1';) (hat is the strongest acid of the following, A) -/7 B) -/Br C) -/Cl ) All are equialent. Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength 1'1) (hat is the strongest acid a+ong the following, A) -7/ B) -7/' C) -7/ ) -7/4 Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength 1'') (hat is the strongest acid a+ong the following, A) C-C/'B) ClC-'C/'C) Cl'C-C/') ClCC/'Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength 32 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

1') 7dentify the &ewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction 0e8-'/)58aq) aq) 5  C$8aq) aq) ? 0e8C)$8aq) aq) 5  -'/8l /8l ). ). A) 0e5 B) -'/ C) C$ ) 0e8-'/)5 Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.13 &ewis Acids Acids and Bases 1'4) 7dentify the &ewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction Co8-'/)58aq) aq) 5  -8aq) aq) ? Co8-)58aq) aq) 5  -'/8l /8l ). ). A) Co8-'/)5 B) Co5 C) - ) -'/ Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.13 &ewis Acids Acids and Bases 1'3) 0or Cu'5 and C/'* which will behae as a &ewis acid toward /-$ in water, A) only Cu'5 B) only C/' C) Cu'5 and C/' ) neither Cu'5 nor C/' Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.13 &ewis Acids Acids and Bases 1') (hich one of the following is not considered to be a &ewis base, A) -'/ B) - C) -45 ) Cl$ Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.13 &ewis Acids Acids and Bases


1'6) (hich one of the following is least able to behae as a &ewis base, A) C- -' B) 8C-)' C) 8C-)  ) 8C-) -5 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.13 &ewis Acids Acids and Bases 1'9) "he co+pound B0 can be described as a8n) A) Arrhenius acid. B) Br%nsted$&owry acid. C) &ewis acid. ) &ewis base. Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.13 &ewis Acids Acids and Bases 1':) 7dentify the set of &ewis acids. A) B-* B0* Cu'5* C/' B) Cl$* /-$* -* -'/ C) ->/4* -'>/4$* ->/4'$* >/4$ ) C-$* -'$* /-$* 0$ Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.13 &ewis Acids Acids and Bases 1;) (hich one of the following is expected to be the strongest &ewis acid, A) 0e B) 0e5 C) 0e'5 ) 0e5 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.13 &ewis Acids Acids and Bases


7n the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent - ato+s.

11) 7dentify the Br%nsted$&owry acids. A) 81) and 8) B) 81) C) 8') and 8) ) 8') and 84) Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 1') 7dentify the Br%nsted$&owry bases. A) 81) and 8) B) 81) and 84) C) 8') ) 8') and 84) Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s



1) 7dentify the Br%nsted$&owry acids. A) 81) and 8) B) 81) and 84) C) 8') ) 8') and 84) Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 14) 7dentify the Br%nsted$&owry bases. A) 81) and 8) B) 81) C) 8') and 8) ) 8') and 84) Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s



13) 7dentify the Br%nsted$&owry acid=base conroble+s 7n the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent - ato+s.

1) 7dentify the Br%nsted$&owry acid=base conroble+s


"he following pictures represent aqueous aq ueous solutions of three acids -A 8A I L* R* R* or S)E water +olecules hae been o+itted for clarity.

16) Arrange the three acids in order of increasing acid strength. A) -S D -R D -L B) -R D -S D -L C) -S D -L D -R ) -L D -S D -R Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 19) (hich acid* if any* is a strong acid, A) All are strong acids. B) -L and -S C) -R ) one are strong acids. Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 1:) (hich acid has the s+allest alue of K of K a, A) -L B) -R C) -S ) All hae the sa+e K sa+e K a alue. Answer! A iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 3 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

14;) (hich acid has the lowest percent dissociation, A) -L B) -R C) -S ) All hae the sa+e percent dissociation. Answer! A iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 141) (hich acid solution has the lowest p-, A) -L B) -R C) -S ) All hae the sa+e p-. Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s


14') (hich of the aboe pictures represents a solution of a wea@ diprotic acid -'A for which 8(ater 8(ater +olecules hae been o+itted for clarity.) A) picture 8a) B) picture 8b) C) picture 8c) ) picture 8d) Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 14) (hich of the aboe pictures represents a solution of a diprotic acid -'A for which and K and K a' is exceptionally s+all. 8(ater 8(ater +olecules hae been o+itted for clarity.) clarity.) A) picture 8a) B) picture 8b) C) picture 8c) ) picture 8d) Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s


"he following pictures represent equal olu+es of aqueous solutions of three acids -A 8A I L* R* or S)E water +olecules hae been o+itted for clarity.

144) Arrange the acids in order of increasing acid strength. A) -S D -R D -L B) -R D -S D -L C) -S D -L D -R ) -L D -S D -R Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 143) Arrange the acids in order of increasing alue of K of K a. A) K A) K a8-S) D K D K a8-R) D K D K a8-L) B) K B) K a8-R) D K D K a8-S) D K D K a8-L) C) K C) K a8-S) D K D K a8-L) D K D K a8-R) ) K ) K a8-L) D K D K a8-S) D K D K a8-R) Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 14) Arrange the acids in order of increasing alue of percent dissociation. A) -S D -R D -L B) -R D -S D -L C) -S D -L D -R ) -L D -S D -R Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s


146) Arrange the acids in order of increasing p-. A) -S D -R D -L B) -R D -S D -L C) -S D -L D -R ) -L D -S D -R Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 149) Arrange the conroble+s 14:) Arrange the conroble+s


13;) "he following pictures represent solutions of three salts aA 8A$ I L$* R$* or S$)E water +olecules and a5 ions hae been o+itted for clarity. Arrange Arrange the three A$ ions in order of decreasing base strength.

A) L$  R$  S$ B) L$  S$  R$ C) R$  S$  L$ ) S$  R$  LS$ Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s


"he following pictures represent solutions of three salts MAE water +olecules hae been o+itted y$ ionsE gray spheres represent Mx5 ionsE blac@ spheres for clarity. otted spheres represent A y$ represent oxygen ato+sE and unshaded spheres represent hydrogen ato+s.

131) (hich picture represents an acidic salt, A) 81) B) 8') C) 8) ) none of the aboe Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 13') (hich picture represents a neutral salt, A) 81) B) 8') C) 8) ) none of the aboe Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 13) (hich picture represents a basic salt, A) 81) B) 8') C) 8) ) none of the aboe Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s


134) /f the ele+ents indicated on the periodic table shown aboe* which wh ich for+s the strongest binary acid* -'L or -L* where A) A B) B C) C )  Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 133) /f the ele+ents indicated on the periodic table shown aboe* which wh ich for+s the wea@est binary acid* -'L or -L* where A) A B) B C) C )  Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 13) /f the ele+ents indicated on the periodic table shown aboe* which wh ich for+s the strongest oxoacid acid with the for+ula -'L/ or -L/* where A) A B) B C) C )  Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s


136) /f the ele+ents indicated on the periodic table shown aboe* which wh ich for+s the wea@est oxoacid acid with the for+ula -'L/ or -L/* where A) A B) B C) C )  Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 139) #/ reacts with -'/ to for+ -'#/4. (hich picture below correctly represents the cured arrow notation for the initial &ewis acid$&ewis base interaction in this reactionE what is the &ewis acid and the &ewis base,

A) >icture 81) is correctE -'/ is the &ewis acid and #/ is the &ewis base. B) >icture 81) is correctE #/ is the &ewis acid and - '/ is the &ewis base. C) >icture 8') is correctE -'/ is the &ewis acid and #/ is the &ewis base. ) >icture 8') is correctE #/ is the &ewis acid and -'/ is the &ewis base. Answer!  iff! 4 "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s


13:) C/' reacts with -'/ to for+ -C/$ and -5. (hich picture below correctly represents the cured arrow notation for the initial &ewis acid$&ewis base interaction in this reactionE what is the &ewis acid and the &ewis base,

81)

8')

A) >icture 81) is correctE -'/ is the &ewis acid and C/' is the &ewis base. B) >icture 81) is correctE C/' is the &ewis acid and -'/ is the &ewis base. C) >icture 8') is correctE -'/ is the &ewis acid and C/' is the &ewis base. ) >icture 8') is correctE C/' is the &ewis acid and -'/ is the &ewis base. Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 1;) B0 and - undergo a &ewis acid$base reaction for+ing an adduct. (hich picture below correctly represents the cured arrow notation for the initial &ewis acid$&ewis base interaction in this reactionE what is the &ewis acid and the &ewis base,

A) >icture 81) is correctE - is the &ewis acid and B0 is the &ewis base. B) >icture 8') is correctE B0 is the &ewis acid and -  is the &ewis base. C) >icture 8) is correctE - is the &ewis acid and B0 is the &ewis base. ) >icture 84) is correctE B0 is the &ewis acid and -  is the &ewis base. Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! Conceptual >roble+s 47 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

14.' Algorith+ic Algorith+ic Questions 1) (hen dissoled in water* which co+pound is generally considered to be an Arrhenius acid, A) - / - /' B) 2/C) &i 0 ) C-/Answer! A iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ') Calculate the hydroniu+ ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains '.3;  1;$ M in hydroxide ion. A) 4.;;  1;$6 M B) 4.;;  1;$9 M C) 4.;;  1;$: M ) 3.;;  1;$: M Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains .3;  1;$4 M in hydroniu+ ion. A) '.9  1;$ M B) '.9  1;$1; M C) '.9  1;$11 M ) .3;  1;$11 M Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


4) A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of .'3  1;$ M is JJJJJJJJ and has a hydroxide ion concentration of JJJJJJJJ. A) acidic* .;9  1;$9 M B) acidic* .;9  1;$: M C) basic* .;9  1;$9 M ) basic* .;9  1;$: M Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 3) A solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.13  1;$ M is JJJJJJJJ and has a hydrogen ion concentration of JJJJJJJJ. A) acidic* '.41  1;$9 M B) acidic* '.41  1;$: M C) basic* '.41  1;$9 M ) basic* '.41  1;$: M Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ) Calculate the p- for an aqueous solution of acetic acid that contains ion. A) 4.3  1;$1' M B) '.13  1;$ M C) '.6 ) 11. Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 6) Calculate the p- for an aqueous solution of pyridine that contains A) 4.3  1;$11 B) '.13  1;$4 C) .6 ) 1;. Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


hydroniu+

hydroxide ion.

9) (hat is the hydroxide ion concentration and the p- for a hydrochloric acid solution that has a hydroniu+ ion concentration of A) .6  1;$1' M* '.9' B) .6  1;$1' M* 11.19 C) .6  1;$1 M* 1.9' ) .6  1;$1 M* 1'.16 Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic :) (hat is the hydroniu+ ion concentration and the p- for an aqueous solution of - that has a hydroxide ion concentration of A) 4.44  1;$1' M and '.3 B) 4.44  1;$1' M and 11.3 C) 4.44  1;$1 M and 1.3 ) 4.44  1;$1 M and 1'.3 Answer!  iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 1;) (hat is the hydroniu+ ion concentration of an acid rain sa+ple that has a pp - of .43, A) '.9'  1;$11 M B) .33  1;$4 M C) .43 M ) 1;.33 M Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 11) (hat is the hydroxide ion concentration of a lye solution that has a p- of :.';, A) .1  1;$1; M B) 1.39  1;$3 M C) 4.9; M ) :.'; M Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


1') (hat is the p- of a ;.;'; M -Cl/4 solution, A) ;.;'; B) ;.;4; C) 1.6; ) 1'.; Answer! C iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 1) (hat is the p- of a ;.;4; M Ba8/-)' solution, A) 1.1; B) 1.4; C) 1'.; ) 1'.:; Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 14) (hat is the p- of a solution prepared by dissoling ;.43 gra+s of solid Ca/ 8li+e) in enough water to +a@e '.;; '.; ; & of aqueous Ca8/-)' 8li+ewater), Ca/8 s) s) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ? Ca'58aq) aq) 5 ' /-$8aq) aq) A) '.1; B) '.4; C) 11.; ) 11.:; Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 13) (hat is the p- of a solution prepared by diluting ';.;; +& of ;.1; M -Cl with enough water to produce a total olu+e of 1;;.;; +&, A) 1.;; B) 1.6; C) '.;; ) .4; Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


1) (hat is the p- of a solution prepared by diluting 1;;.;; +& of ;.;'; M Ba8/-)' with enough water to produce a total olu+e of '3;.;; +&, A) 1.9; B) '.1; C) 11.:; ) 1'.'; Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 16) (hat is the p- of a solution prepared by +ixing 1;;.;; +& of ;.'; M -Cl with 13;.;; +& of ;.1; M -Cl, Assu+e that the olu+es are additie. A) ;.16 B) ;.3' C) ;.93 ) 1.6; Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 19) (hat is the p- of a solution prepared by +ixing 1;;.;; +& of ;.;'; M Ca8/-)' with 3;.;; +& of ;.;; M a/-, Assu+e that the olu+es are additie. A) 1.;3 B) 1.1; C) 1.'9 ) 1.39 Answer! B iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 1:) (hat is the hydroniu+ ion concentration of a ;.3;; M acetic acid solution with K with K a I 1.9  1;$3, "he equation for the dissociation of acetic acid is! C-C/'-8aq -8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) " -/58aq) aq) 5 C-C/'$8aq). aq). A) .;  1;$' M B) 4.'  1;$' M C) .;  1;$ M ) 4.'  1;$ M Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


';) (hat is the hydroniu+ ion concentration of a ;.13; M hypochlorous acid solution with "he equation for the dissociation of hypochlorous ac id is! -/Cl8aq -/Cl8aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) " -/58aq) aq) 5 /Cl$8aq). aq). A) 1.:  1;$4 M B) 6.'  1;$4 M C) '.9  1;$3 M ) 6.'  1;$3 M Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic '1) >otassiu+ hydrogen phthalate 8+olar +ass I ';4.' g=+ol)is one of the +ost co++only used acids for standardiKing solutions containing bases. 2-> is a +onoprotic wea@ acid with Calculate the p- of the solution that results when ;.3; g of 2-> is dissoled in enough water to produce '3.; +& of solution. A) '.;3 B) .'1 C) 4.4; ) 3.41 Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.: Calculating Nquilibriu+ Concentrations in #olutions of (ea@ Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic '') Calculate the p- of a ;.;9; M carbonic acid solution* -'C/8aq 8aq)* )* that has the stepwise dissociation constants K constants K a1 and K a' a1 I 4.  1;$6 and K a' I 3.  1;$11. A) 1.1; B) .6 C) .6 ) 1;.'3 Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


') Calculate the p- of a ;.; M -'#/* solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants K a1 I 1.3  1;$' and A) 1.;' B) 1.; C) 1.9' ) '.;4 Answer! B iff! 3 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic '4) Calculate the concentration of bicarbonate ion* -C/$* in a ;.;1; M -'C/ solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants K constants K a1 and K a' a1 I 4.  1;$6 and K a' I 3.  1;$11. A) .  1;$3 M B) 4.  1;$6 M C) 4.  1;$: M ) 3.  1;$11 M Answer! A iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic '3) (hat is the p- of a ;.4; M - '#e solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants K constants K a1 a1 I 1.  1;$4 and A) '.14 B) .9: C) 4.'9 ) 3.36 Answer! A iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ') (hat is the selenide ion concentration G#e'$H for a ;.1;; M -'#e solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants of and A) .  1;$ M B) 1.  1;$4 M C) 1.  1;$3 M ) 1.;  1;$11 M Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.11 Nquilibria in #olutions #olutions of >olyprotic Acids Acids Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 54 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

'6) (hat is the p- of a ;.';; M - solution that has K has K b I 1.9  1;$3, "he equation for the dissociation of - is A) '.;' B) '.6' C) 11.:9 ) 11.'9 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic '9) (hat is the p- of a ;.; M pyridine solution that has 2 b I 1.:  1;$:, "he equation for the dissociation of pyridine is A) 4.' B) 9.6' C) :.9 ) 1;.9 Answer! C iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ':) Aniline* 8C-3 -'* K b I at '3FC) is an industrially i+portant a+ine used in the +a@ing of dyes. eter+ine the p- of o f an aniline solution +ade by dissoling .:; g of aniline in enough water to +a@e 1;; 1; ; +& of solution. A) 4.63 B) :.'3 C) :.3; ) 1;.3; Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


;) eter+ine the a++onia concentration of an aqueous solution that has a p- of 11.;;. "he equation for the dissociation of - 8 K b I 1.9  1;$3) is A) .; M B) ;.;3 M C) 1.9  1;$' M ) 1.;  1;$ M Answer! B iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 1) (hich one of the following salts* when dissoled in water* produces the solution with the highest p-, p-, A) 2-C/ B) CsCl/4 C) a/ ) C-C- -Cl Answer! C iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ') 7f an equal nu+ber of +oles of the wea@ acid -C and the strong base 2/- are added to water* is the resulting solution acidic* basic* or neutral, A) acidic B) basic C) neutral ) "here is insufficient infor+ation proided to answer this question. Answer! B iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ) (hich one of the following salts* when dissoled in water* produces the solution with the highest p-, p-, A) b7 B) bBr C) bCl ) b0 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


4) (hich one of the following salts* when dissoled in water* produces the solution with a pclosest to to 6.;;, A) -4Br B) Ca / C) 2 -#/ 2 -#/4 ) Cs7 Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 3) Calculate the p- of a ;.9;; M aC-C/' solution. K solution. K a for acetic acid* C-C/'-* is A) '.4' B) 4.9 C) :.' ) 11.39 Answer! C iff! 3 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic ) Calculate the p- of a 1.; M 2Br/ solution. K solution. K a for hypobro+ous acid* -Br/* is A) '.33 B) 4.'3 C) :.63 ) 11.43 Answer!  iff! 3 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 6) Calculate the p- of a 1.; M C- -Cl solution. K solution. K b for +ethyla+ine* C- -'* is A) 1.1 B) 3.19 C) 9.9' ) 1'.: Answer! B iff! 3 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic


9) (hich one of the following salts* when dissoled in water* produces the solution with the lowest p-, p-, A) aCl B) 2Cl C) MgCl' ) AlCl Answer!  iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts Algo. /ption! algorith+ic 14. #hort Answer Questions 1) "he Br%nsted$&owry acid in the che+ical equation below is JJJJJJJJJ. -/'8aq) aq) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 /'  8aq) aq) Answer! -/' iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory ') "he equilibriu+ constant for for the reaction below has the alue K alue K a I .3  1; 4. 7n this reaction the Br%nsted$&owry acid is JJJJJJJJ. -08aq -08aq)) 5 -'/8l /8l ) ⇌ -/58aq) aq) 5 0  8aq) aq) Answer! -0 iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.' Acid Acid #trength and Base #trength ) A proton hydrated by four water +olecules has the for+ula JJJJJJJJ. Answer! -:/45 iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1 Acid$Base Acid$Base Concepts! "he Br%nsted$&owry "heory 4) An acidic solution with hydroniu+ ion concentration G-5H I 1.;  1;  M has a hydroxide ion concentration G/-  H I JJJJJJJJ. Answer! .'3  1; 1' M iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.4 issociation of (a (ater ter 3) At 3;FC the alue of K w is 3.3  1; 14* and the p- of a neutral solution at 3;FC is JJJJJJJJ. Answer! . iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.3 "he p- #cale


) "he p- of a ;.;'3 M 2/- solution is JJJJJJJJ. Answer! 1'.4; iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.6 "he p- in #olutions of #trong Acids Acids and #trong Bases 6) "he alue of K of K a for a ;.'3; M -C solution haing a p- of 4.:3 is JJJJJJJJ. Answer! 4.:;  1; 1; iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14.9 Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Acids Acids 9) A ;.;3; M solution of hydroxyla+ine* -'/-* haing K haing K b I :.1  1; : has a p- of JJJJJJJJ. Answer! :. iff! 4 "opic! "opic! #ection 14.1' Nquilibria in #olutions of (ea@ (ea@ Bases :) A ;.1; M 2/' solution will hae a p- JJJJJJJJ seen. Answer! greater than iff! ' "opic! "opic! #ection 14.14 Acid$Base Acid$Base >roperties of #alts 1;) "he acid strength of an oxoacid haing the general for+ula -nR/m increases as the electronegatiity of R JJJJJJJJ and as the oxidation nu+ber of R JJJJJJJJ. Answer! increases* increases iff!  "opic! "opic! #ection 14. 0actors "hat Affect Affect Acid Acid #trength


Chapter 14 Review Questions

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