Solutions for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing , 5e (published by Wiley) MPGroover 2012
24 GRINDING AND OTHER ABRASIVE PROCESSES Review Questions 24.1 24.1
Why re re brs brsive ive pro!e pro!esse ssess te!hno te!hnolo" lo"i! i!lly lly nd nd !o##er !o##er!i !illy lly i#po i#port rtnt$ nt$ Answer. %#portnt resons in!lude (1) ppli!tions on ll types of #terils, (2) very fine finishes, nd (&) !lose tolern!es.
24.2 24.2
Wht Wht re re the the five five bsi bsi!! pr# pr#et eters ers of of "rind "rindin in" " 'hee 'heel$ l$ Answer. he pr#eters re (1) brsive #teril, (2) "rit sie, (&) bondin" #teril, (4) 'heel stru!ture, 'hi!h refers to the reltive sp!in" of "rins, nd (5) 'heel "rde, 'hi!h refers to the bond stren"t stren"th h of the the 'heel in retinin" retinin" brsive brsive "rins. "rins.
24.& 24.&
Wht Wht re re the the prin! prin!ipl ipl brsi brsive ve #te #teri rils ls used used in "rin "rindin din" " 'heel 'heels$ s$ Answer. he #ost i#portnt brsive "rit #terils in!lude (1) lu#inu# o*ide, (2) sili!on !rbide, (&) !ubi! boron nitride, nd (4) di#ond.
24.4 24.4
+#e so#e so#e i#por i#portn tntt bondi bondin" n" #te #teri rils ls used used in "rind "rindin" in" 'heels 'heels.. Answer. he bondin" #terils in "rindin" 'heels re (1) vitrified bond !ly nd !er#i!s, (2) sili!te, (&) rubber, (4) resinoid, (5) shell!, nd (-) #etlli!.
24.5 24.5
Wht Wht is 'hee 'heell stru tru!tur !ture$ e$ of the brsive "rins in the 'heel. n open Answer. Wheel stru!ture indi!tes the reltive sp!in" of stru!ture is one in 'hi!h the "rins re fr prt, nd dense stru!ture indi!tes tht the "rins re !lose to"ether.
24.-
Wht is 'heel "rde$ de$ Answer. Wheel "rde refers to the 'heel/s bility to to retin brsive "rins durin" !uttin". %t indi!tes the bond stren"th of the bondin" #teril used to shpe the 'heel. soft "rde indi!tes tht the "rins re relesed esily fro# the bondin" #teril. hrd 'heel is one 'hi!h retins the brsive "rins.
24.
Why re re spe!ifi! spe!ifi! ener"y ener"y vlues vlues so so #u!h hi"her in "rindin" "rindin" thn in trditio trditionl nl #!hini #!hinin" n" pro!esse pro!essess su!h s #illin"$ Answer. esons for hi"her spe!ifi! ener"y in "rindin" in!lude (1) sie effe!t s#ller !hip sie #ens hi"her spe!ifi! ener"y3 (2) e*tre#ely ne"tive re n"les on the brsive prti!les in "rindin" 'heel3 nd (&) not ll of the "rins in the 'heel surf!e re en""ed in !uttin"3 so#e re plo'in" plo'in" or defor#in defor#in" " the surf!e surf!e 'hile others re si#ply si#ply rubbin" rubbin" nd !retin" !retin" fri!tion fri!tion t the the surf!e of the 'or.
24. 24.
Grindi Grindin" n" !rete !retess hi"h hi"h te#per te#pertu tures res.. 6o' is is te#per te#pertu ture re hr#fu hr#full in "rin "rindin din"$ "$ Answer. 6i"h te#pertures in "rindin" !rete surf!e burns nd !r!s. 6i"h te#pertures !n lso soften the surf!es of 'or prts tht hve been het treted for hi"h hrdness.
24.7 24.7
Wht Wht re re the the thr three ee #e! #e!h hni nis# s#ss of "ri "rind ndin in" " 'heel 'heel 'er$ 'er$ Answer. he #e!hnis#s re (1) "rin fr!ture, in 'hi!h portion of the "rin bres off durin" !uttin"3 (2) ttritious 'er, in 'hi!h the "rins be!o#e dull durin" !uttin"3 nd (&) bond fr!ture, in 'hi!h the "rins re pulled out of the bondin" #teril.
8*!erpts fro# this 'or #y be reprodu!ed by instru!tors for distribution on notforprofit bsis for testin" or instru!tionl purposes only to students enrolled in !ourses for 'hi!h the te*tboo hs been dopted. Any other reproduction reproduction or translation of this work work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyriht Act without the permission of the copyriht owner is unlawful!
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Solutions for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing , 5e (published by Wiley) MPGroover 2012
24.10 24.10
Wht Wht is dress dressin", in", in in referen referen!e !e to "rind "rindin" in" 'hee 'heels$ ls$ Answer. 9ressin" is pro!edure pplied to 'orn "rindin" 'heels to bre off dull "rits nd e*pose fresh "rits, nd to re#ove !hips of 'or #teril tht hve be!o#e !lo""ed !lo""ed in the 'heel. %t uses rottin" dis or brsive sti! held "inst the 'heel 'hile it rottes.
24.1 24.11
Wht Wht is trui truin", n", in in referen referen!e !e to "rindi "rindin" n" 'hee 'heels$ ls$ Answer. ruin" is is si#ilr to dressin", but it lso restores the the idel !ylindri!l shpe to the 'heel. %t uses di#ondpointed tool fed slo'ly nd pre!isely !ross the 'heel 'hile it rottes.
24.12
Wht brsive brsive #teril #teril 'ould 'ould one sele!t for "rindin" "rindin" !e#ented !e#ented !rbide !rbide !uttin" !uttin" tool$ tool$ Answer. :hoose di#ond 'heel.
24.1& 24.1&
Wht Wht re re the the fun!t fun!tion ionss of "rind "rindin" in" fluid$ fluid$ Answer. ;un!tions of "rindin" fluid in!lude (1) redu!in" fri!tion, (2) re#ovin" het, (&) 'shin" 'y !hips, nd (4) redu!in" 'orpie!e te#perture.
24.14 24.14
Wht Wht is !en !enter terles lesss "ri "rind ndin in"$ "$ Answer. :enterless "rindin" is "rindin" opertion in 'hi!h !ylindri!l 'or prts (e."., rods) re fed bet'een t'o rottin" 'heels (1) hi"h speed "rindin" 'heel nd (2) lo' speed re"ultin" 'heel 'hi!h is tilted t sli"ht n"le to !ontrol the feedthrou"h rte.
24.15
6o' does !reep feed "rindin" "rindin" differ differ fro# !onventionl !onventionl "rindin"$ "rindin"$ Answer. %n !reep feed "rindin", the depth of !ut is very hi"h severl thousnd ti#es hi"her thn !onventionl "rindin" nd the feed rtes re lo'er by bout the s#e proportion.
24.1-
6o' does does brsive brsive belt "rindin" "rindin" differ differ fro# !onvent !onventionl ionl surf!e surf!e "rindin" "rindin" operti opertion$ on$ Answer. %nsted of "rindin" 'heel, brsive belt "rindin" uses brsive prti!les bonded to fle*ible !loth belt loop 'hi!h is #oved round pulley syste# to obtin the the speed #otion. Prts re pressed "inst the belt to !!o#plish "rindin".
24.1
+#e so#e so#e brsive brsive opertio opertions ns vilble vilble to !hieve !hieve very very "ood "ood surf!e surf!e finishes. finishes. Answer. 6i"h finish brsive pro!esses in!lude honin", lppin", superfinishin", buffin", nd polishin". polishin".
Probles ns'ers to proble#s lbeled !A" re listed in n ppendi* ppendi* t the b! of the boo. 24.1
!A" (S% units) Wheel di#eter < 150 ##, nd infeed < 0.0- ## in surf!e "rindin" opertion. Wheel speed < 1-00 #=#in, 'or speed < 0.&0 #=s, nd !rossfeed < 5 ##. he nu#ber of !tive "rits per re of 'heel surf!e < 50 "rits=!# 2. 9eter#ine () ver"e len"th per !hip, (b) #etl re#ovl rte, nd (!) nu#ber of !hips for#ed per unit ti#e for the portion of the opertion 'hen the 'heel is en""ed in the 'or. Solution () l c < ( "d "d )0.5 < (150 * 0.0-) 0.5 < #$%
(b) # (b) # $# < %wwd < < (0.&0 #=s)(10 & ##=#)(5.0 ##)(0.0- ##) < 70 ##&=s < &4%% #'in (!) nc < %wC < < (1-00 #=#in)(10 &)(5.0 ##)(50 "rits=!#2)(102) < 4(%%%(%%% )*i+s'in 24.2 24.2
(>S:S (>S:S units) units) %n surf!e surf!e "rind "rindin" in" oper opertio tion, n, 'heel 'heel di#ete di#eterr < -.0 in, 'heel 'heel 'idth 'idth < 0.5 0.5 in, 'heel 'heel speed < 5000 ft=#in, 'or speed < 40 ft=#in, infeed < 0.002 in, nd !rossfeed < 0.20 in. he nu#ber of !tive "rits per s?ure in!h of 'heel surf!e < 450. 9eter#ine () ver"e len"th per !hip, (b) #etl re#ovl rte, nd (!) nu#ber of !hips for#ed per unit ti#e for the portion of the opertion 'hen the 'heel is en""ed in the 'or.
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Solutions for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing , 5e (published by Wiley) MPGroover 2012
Solution () l c < ( "d "d )0.5 < (-.0 * 0.002) 0.5 < (0.012) 0.5 < %$,%-& in
(b) # (b) # $# < %wwd < < (40 * 12)(0.20)(0.002) < %$,-2 in#'in (!) nc < %wC < < (5000 * 12)(0.2)(450) < &(4%%(%%% )*i+s'in 24.&
(S% units) units) %n n e*ternl e*ternl !ylindr !ylindri!l i!l "rindin "rindin" " opertion opertion on hrdened hrdened steel steel tube 'hose outside outside rdius < 42.5 ##, the "rindin" 'heel di#eter < 100 ## nd 'heel 'idth < 20 ##. he 'orpie!e rottes t surf!e speed of 25 #=#in, the 'heel rottes t 100 rev=#in, infeed (depth of !ut) < 0.05 ##, nd trverse feed < 0.50 ##=rev. here re 45 !tive "rits=!# 2 of 'heel surf!e, nd the opertion is perfor#ed dry. 9eter#ine () volu#e rte of #etl re#oved. (b) nu#ber of !hips for#ed per unit ti#e, nd (!) ver"e volu#e per !hip. (d) %f the tn"entil !uttin" for!e on the 'or < 55 +, !o#pute the spe!ifi! ener"y in this opertion. Solution () # () # $# < %wwd < < (25 #=#in)(10 &)(0.50 ##)(0.05 ##) < .2& #'in
(b) nc < %wC % < & < & " < " < (100 rev=#in)(100 ##=rev) < 5-5,4 ##=#in nc < (5-5,4 ##=#in)(0.5 ##)(45 "rits=!# 2)(102) < ,2/(2#& 0rits'in !)*i+s'in" (!) ver"e volu#e per !hip < (-25 ## &=#in)=( 12,2&5 !hips=#in) < %$%%4- #')*i+ (d) U < ' < ' c%= # # $# % < 5-5,4 ##=#in < 5-5.5 #=#in U < < 55(5-5.5)=-25 < 4-$1 N'# 24.4
!A" (>S:S units) n indi#eter "rindin" 'heel rottes t surf!e speed of 4000 ft=#in in surf!e "rindin" @ob perfor#ed on flt pie!e of 4&40 steel 'ith hrdness < &25 A6+. here re &00 !tive "rits=in 2 of 'heel surf!e, nd the opertion is perfor#ed dry. %nfeed < 0.0015 in per pss, !rossfe !rossfeed ed < 0.20 0.20 in, nd nd the re!ipro!tin" re!ipro!tin" speed of the 'or is is &0 ft=#in. ft=#in. 9eter#in 9eter#inee () len"th len"th of !ont!t bet'een the 'heel nd the 'or, (b) volu#e rte of #etl re#oved, (!) nu#ber of !hips for#ed per unit ti#e, nd (d) ver"e volu#e per !hip$ (e) %f the tn"entil !uttin" for!e on the 'orpie!e < 2& lb, 'ht is the spe!ifi! ener"y !l!ulted for this @ob$
"d )0.5 < ( * 0.0015) 0.5 < (0.012) 0.5 < %$,%-& in Solution () l c < ( "d (b) # (b) # $# < %wwd < < (&0 * 12)(0.20)(0.0015) < %$,%1 in#'in (!) nc < %wC < < (4000 * 12)(0.20)(&00) < 2(11%(%%% )*i+s'in (d) v" v" volu#e=!hip < (0.10 in &=#in)=(2,0,000 !hips=#in) < 0.0000000& in & < #/ 3 ,%- in# (e) U < ' < ' c%= # # $# < 2&(4000 * 12)=0.10 < ,%(222(222 inlb'in# 2&$1 *+'!in#'in" 24.5 24.5
(>S:S (>S:S units) units) %n surf surf!e !e "rind "rindin" in" oper opertio tion n perfor#e perfor#ed d on -150 -150 steel steel 'or prt prt (nne (nneled led,, ppro*i#tely 200 A6+), the desi"ntion on the "rindin" 'heel is :2495B. Wheel di#eter < .0 in, nd its 'idth < 1.00 in. ottionl speed < &000 rev=#in. %infeed < 0.002 in per pss, !rossfeed < 0.5 in, nd 'orspeed < 20 ft=#in. his opertion hs been sour!e of trouble ri"ht fro# the be"innin". he surf!e finish is not s "ood s the 1- in in spe!ified on the prt print, nd there re si"ns of #etllur"i!l d#"e on the surf!e. %n ddition, the 'heel see#s to be!o#e !lo""ed l#ost s soon s the opertion be"ins. %n short, nerly everythin" tht !n "o 'ron" 'ith the @ob hs "one 'ron". () 9eter#ine the rte of #etl re#ovl 'hen the 'heel is en""ed in the 'or. (b) %f the nu#ber of !tive "rits per s?ure in!h < 200, deter#ine the ver"e !hip len"th nd the nu#ber of !hips for#ed per ti#e. (!) Wht !hn"es 'ould you re!o##end in the "rindin" 'heel to help solve the proble#s en!ountered$ 8*plin 'hy you #de e!h re!o##endtion. () # $# < %wwd < < (20 * 12)(0.5)(0.002) < %$24 in#'in Solution () # (b) l c < ( "d "d )0.5 < (.0 * .002) 0.5 < 0.11& in
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24&
Solutions for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing , 5e (published by Wiley) MPGroover 2012
% < "& < < (.0=12)(&000) < 547 ft=#in < -5,7& in=#in nc < %wC < < -5,7&(0.5)(200) < .(&-/(#%% 0rits'in (!) :hn"es in 'heel to help solve proble#s !ited (1) use l 2C& o*ide brsive rther thn sili!on !rbide3 (2) use s#ller "rin sie thn 243 (&) use shell! bond rther thn vitrified bond3 nd (4) use #ore open stru!ture thn nu#ber 5 to redu!e 'heel !lo""in". 24.-
(S% units) units) n internl internl !ylindri!l !ylindri!l "rindin" "rindin" operti opertion on is used to finish finish n n internl internl bore fro# n initil initil di#eter of 250.00 ## to finl di#eter of 252.5 ##. he bore is 125 ## lon". "rindin" 'heel 'ith n initil di#eter of 150.00 ## nd 'idth of 20.00 ## is used. fter the opertion, the di#eter of the "rindin" 'heel hs been redu!ed to 147.5 ##. 9eter#ine the "rindin" rtio in this opertion. (# < (volu#e of 'or #teril re#oved)=(volu#e of 'heel re#oved) Solution (# < Bolu#e of 'or #teril re#oved < ( =4)(125)(252.5 2 D 250.02) < 12&,&&2 ## & Bolu#e of 'heel re#oved < ( =4)(20)(150 2 D 147.52) < 11 ## & (# < (# < 12&,&&2=11 < ,%4$1
24. 24.
(S% units units)) %n !enter !enterles lesss "rindin "rindin" " operti opertion, on, the the "rindin "rindin" " 'heel 'heel di#et di#eter er < 250 ##, ##, nd the the re"ultin" 'heel di#eter < 150 ##. he "rindin" 'heel rottes t 100 rev=#in, nd the re"ultin" 'heel rottes t 200 rev=#in. he in!lintion n"le of the re"ultin" 'heel < 2.0 . 9eter#ine the produ!tion rte of !ylindri!l 'or prts tht re 15.0 ## in di#eter nd 1&5 ## lon". Solution ;ro# 8?. (25.11), f (25.11), f r r < < " & sin ) r r r sin ) f r r < < (150)(200) sin 2.0 < &0,000(0.0&47) < &27 ##=#in Prts produ!tion rte < (&27 ##=#in)=(1&5 ##=p!) < 24$4 +)'in
24.
(S% units) units) !enterless !enterless "rindin "rindin" " opertion opertion uses re"ultin re"ultin" " 'heel 'heel tht is 125 125 ## in in di#eter di#eter nd rottes t &00 rev=#in. t 'ht in!lintion n"le should the re"ultin" 'heel be set, if it is desired to feed 'orpie!e 'ith len"th < 1.5 # nd di#eter < 12 ## throu"h the opertion in e*!tly 15 se!$ (25.11), f r r < < " & sin ) Solution ;ro# 8?. (25.11), f r r r sin ) f r r < < 1.5 # per 15 se! < 0.10 #=s < -.0 #=#in f r r < < (125 * 10 &)(&00 rev=#in) sin ) sin ) < < 11.1 sin ) sin ) (units (units re #=#in) -.0 #=#in < 11.1 sin % #=#in I 2$-2 sin ) sin ) < < -.0=11.1 < 0.0507
24.7
!A" (>S:S units) %n !enterless "rindin" opertion, the "rindin" 'heel di#eter < 10 in, nd the re"ultin" 'heel di#eter < -.0 in. he "rindin" 'heel rottes t 2000 rev=#in, nd the re"ultin" 'heel rottes t 200 rev=#in. he in!lintion n"le of the re"ultin" 'heel < 2.5 . 9eter#ine the produ!tion produ!tion rte rte of !ylindr !ylindri!l i!l 'or 'or prts prts 'hose 'hose di#eter di#eter < 0.5 0.5 in nd nd len"th len"th < -.0 -.0 in. Solution ;ro# 8?. (25.11), f (25.11), f r r < < " & sin ) < < (-.0)(200) sin 2.5 < 1-4.44 in=#in r r r sin ) Prts feed t (-.0 in=prt)=(1-4.44 in=#in) < 0.0&-5 #in=prt < 2.17 se!=prt Produ!tion rte # rte # p < 1=0.0&-5 < 2/$4 +5rts'in
24.10
(>S:S units) units) he he re"ultin" re"ultin" 'heel 'heel di#eter di#eter in !enterless !enterless "rindin" "rindin" opertion opertion < 5.0 in. he he in!lintion n"le of the re"ultin" 'heel < &.5 . he opertion is used to "rind the outside surf!e of !ylindri!l prts tht re &.5 in lon". o #eet the produ!tion s!hedule, these prts #ust be pro!essed pro!essed t the the rte of &000 &000 p!=hr p!=hr. 9eter#ine 9eter#ine the the re?uired re?uired rottion rottionl l speed of the re"ultin" re"ultin" 'heel 'heel tht 'ill stisfy this re?uire#ent. (25.11), f r r < < " & sin ) < < (5.0) & r r sin sin &.5 < 0.757 & r r in=#in in=#in Solution ;ro# 8?. (25.11), f r r r sin )
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Solutions for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing , 5e (published by Wiley) MPGroover 2012
# p < &000 p!=hr < 50 p!=#in t * t * < < &.5 in=prt, this is throu"hfeed rte f r r < < 50(&.5) < 15 in=#in 15 in=#in < 0.757 & 0.757 & r r in=#in in=#in & r r < < 15=0.757 < ,12$& rev'in 24.11 24.11
(S% units) units) %t is desired desired to !o#pre !o#pre the !y!le !y!le ti#es re?uired re?uired to "rind "rind prti!ul prti!ulrr 'orpie!e 'orpie!e usin" usin" trditionl surf!e "rindin" nd usin" !reep feed "rindin". he 'orpie!e is 200 ## lon", &0 ## 'ide, nd 5 ## thi!. o #e fir !o#prison, the "rindin" 'heel in both !ses is 250 ## in di#eter, &5 ## in 'idth, nd rottes t 1500 rev=#in. %t is desired to re#ove 25 ## of #teril fro# the surf!e. When trditionl "rindin" is used, the infeed is set t 0.025 ##, nd the 'heel trverses t'i!e (for'rd nd b!) !ross the 'or surf!e durin" e!h pss before resettin" the infeed. here is no !rossfeed sin!e the 'heel 'idth is "reter thn the 'or 'idth. 8!h pss is #de t 'orspeed of 12 #=#in, but the 'heel overshoots the prt on both sides. With !!elertion nd de!elertion, the 'heel is en""ed in the 'or for 50E of the ti#e on e!h pss. When !reep feed "rindin" is used, the depth is in!resed by 1000 nd the for'rd feed is de!resed by 1000. 1000. 6o' lon" 'ill 'ill it it te to !o#plete !o#plete the the "rindin" "rindin" operti opertion on () 'ith 'ith trditio trditionl nl "rindin "rindin" " nd (b) 'ith !reep feed "rindin"$ Solution () :onventionl surf!e "rindin" i#e of en""e#ent=pss < 200 * 10 & #=(12 #=#in) < 0.01-- #in < 1 s ;or'rd nd b!'rd stroe < 2(1 s)=50E < 4 s +u#ber of psses psses to re#ove 25 ## < 25=0.025 25=0.025 < 1000 1000 psses psses i#e to !o#plete 1000 psses < 1000(4) < 4000 s < ..$./ in
(b) :reep feed "rindin" otl len"th of feed < 200 ## F ppro!h < 200 F ( d ( " "d )) ))0.5 Given " Given " < < 250 ## nd d < < 25 ##, otl feed len"th < 200 F (25(25025)) 0.5 < 25 ## & f r r < < (12 * 10 ##=#in)=1000 < 12 ##=#in i#e to feed < 25=12 < 22$-,/ in Note :reep feed "rindin" re?uires bout 1=& the ti#e of !onventionl surf!e "rindin" for the sitution defined here.
24.12
%n !ertin !ertin "rindin" "rindin" opertio opertion, n, the "rde "rde of the "rindin" "rindin" 'heel 'heel should should be MH (#ediu#), (#ediu#), but but the only vilble 'heel is "rde H (hrd). %t is desired to #e the 'heel pper softer by #in" !hn"es in !uttin" !onditions. Wht !hn"es 'ould you re!o##end$ Solution hrd 'heel #ens tht the "rins re not redily pulled fro# the 'heel bond. he 'heel !n be #de to pper softer by in!resin" the for!e on the individul individul "rits s "iven by 8?. (25.). !!ordin" to this e?ution, the for!e on the brsive "rins 'ill be in!resed by in!resin" 'or speed %w, de!resin" 'heel speed %, nd in!resin" infeed d .
24.1&
n lu#inu# lu#inu# lloy lloy is to be "round "round in n e*tern e*ternll !ylindri!l !ylindri!l "rindi "rindin" n" opertion opertion to to obtin obtin "ood surf!e finish. Spe!ify the pproprite "rindin" 'heel pr#eters nd the "rindin" !onditions for this @ob. Solution Grindin" 'heel spe!ifi!tion brsive type sili!on !rbide Grin sie s#ll hi"h "rit sie nu#ber Aond #teril shell! bond Wheel stru!ture dense Wheel "rde #ediu# to hrd Wheel spe!ifi!tion C,&%E&B
Grindin" !onditions 8*!erpts fro# this 'or #y be reprodu!ed by instru!tors for distribution on notforprofit bsis for testin" or instru!tionl purposes only to students enrolled in !ourses for 'hi!h the te*tboo hs been dopted. Any other reproduction reproduction or translation of this work work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyriht Act without the permission of the copyriht owner is unlawful!
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Solutions for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing , 5e (published by Wiley) MPGroover 2012
Wheel speed hi"h speed, round 100 #=#in (-000 ft=#in) Wor speed lo', round 10 #=#in (&0 ft=#in) f t=#in) %nfeed (depth of !ut) lo', round 0.012 ## (0.0005 in) :rossfeed lo', round 1=- of 'heel 'idth. 24.14
hi"hs hi"hspeed peed steel steel bro!h (hrdened) (hrdened) is to to be reshrpened reshrpened to !hieve !hieve "ood "ood finish. finish. Spe!ify Spe!ify the pproprite pr#eters of the "rindin" 'heel for this @ob. Solution Grindin" 'heel spe!ifi!tion brsive type !ubi! boron nitride Grin sie s#ll hi"h "rit sie nu#ber Aond #teril vitrified bond Wheel "rde soft to #ediu# Wheel spe!ifi!tion II B,&%P67VIJ1=, 'here II, IK, nd IJ re #nuf!turerLs sy#bols.
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Ased on e?utions e?utions in the the te*t, te*t, derive n n e?ution e?ution to !o#pute !o#pute the the ver"e ver"e volu#e volu#e per !hip !hip for#ed in the "rindin" pro!ess. (25.&), # $# < %wwd (in (in&=#in) Solution ;ro# 8?. (25.&), # ;ro# 8?. (25.-), nc < %wC (!hips=#in) Bolu#e per !hip < # < # $#=nc < %wwd =%wC < < vwd 'vC
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