Solutions Manual Fundamentals Of Modern Manufacturing; Materials, Processes, And Systems (5th Edition)Full description
Full description
Essential University Physics Test Bank by Wolfson 3rd Edition
Chapter: Chapter 21 Learning Objectives LO 21.1.0 Solve problems related to Coulomb's law. LO 21.1.1 istinguish between being electricall! neutral" negativel! charged" and positivel! charged" and identi#! e$cess charge. LO 21.1.2 istinguish between conductors" noncon ductors %insulators&" semiconductors" and superconductors. LO 21.1. escribe the electrical properties o# the particles inside an atom. LO 21.1.( )denti#! conduction electrons and e$plain their role in ma*ing a conducting object negativel! or positivel! charged. LO 21.1.+ )denti#! what is meant b! ,electricall! isolated- and b! ,grounding.LO 21.1. /$plain how a charged object can set up induced charge in a second object. LO 21.1. )denti#! that charges with the same electrical sign repe l each other and those with opposite electrical signs attract each other. LO 21.1. or either o# the particles in a pair o# charged particles" draw a #ree bod! diagram" showing the electrostatic #orce %Coulomb #orce& on it" anchoring the tail o# the #orce vector on that particle. LO 21.1.3 or either o# the particles in a pair o# charged particles" appl! Coulomb4s law to relate the magnitude o# the electrostatic #orce" the ch arge magnitudes o# the particles" and the separation between the particles. LO 21.1.10 )denti#! that Coulomb4s law applies onl! to %point5li*e& particles and objects that can be treated as particles. LO 21.1.11 )# more than one #orce acts on a particle" #ind the net #orce b ! adding all the #orces as vectors" not scalars. LO 21.1.12 )denti#! that a shell o# uni#orm charge attracts or repels a charged particle that is outside the shell as i# all the shell4s charge were concentrated as a particle at the shell4s center. center. LO 21.1.1 )denti#! that i# a charged c harged particle is located inside a shell o# uni#orm charge" there is no net electrostatic #orce on the particle #rom the shell. LO 21.1.1( )denti#! that i# e$cess charge is put on a spherical conductor" it spreads out uni#orml! over the e$ternal sur#ace area. LO 21.1.1+ )denti#! that i# two identical spherical co nductors touch or are connected b! conducting wire" an! e$cess charge will be shared e6uall!. LO 21.1.1 )denti#! that a nonconducting object can have an! given distribution o# charge" including charge at interior points. LO 21.1.1 )denti#! current as the rate at which charge moves through a point. LO 21.1.1 or current through a point" appl! the relationship between the current" a time interval" and the amount o# charge ch arge that moves through the point in that time interval. LO 21.2.0 Solve problems related to how charge is 6uanti7ed. LO 21.2.1 )denti#! the elementar! charge. LO 21.2.2 )denti#! that the charge o# a particle or object must be a positive or negative integer times the elementar! charge. LO 21..0 Solve problems related to how charge is conserved. LO 21..1 )denti#! that in an! an ! ph!sical process" the net electric charge cannot ch ange %the net charge is alwa!s conserved&. LO 21..2 )denti#! an annihilation process and a pair production. LO 21.. )denti#! mass number and atomic number.
8ultiple Choice 1. 9 neutral metal ball is suspended b! a string. 9 positivel! charged insulating rod is placed near the ball" which is observed to be attracted to the rod. his is because: 9& the ball becomes positivel! charged b! induction ;& the ball becomes negativel! charged b! induction C& the number o# electrons in the ball is more than the number in the rod & the string is not a per#ect insulator /& there is a rearrangement o# the electrons in the ball 9ns: / i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.0 2. he units o# 1<(πε0 are: 9& =2
9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1 +. 9n electrical insulator is a material: 9& containing no electrons ;& through which electrons do not #low easil! C& which has more electrons than protons on its sur#ace & cannot be a pure chemical element /& must be a cr!stal 9ns: ; i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.2 . 9 conductor is distinguished #rom an insulator with the same number o# atoms b! the number o#: 9& nearl! #ree atoms ;& electrons C& nearl! #ree electrons & protons /& molecules 9ns: C i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.2 . >hen a hard rubber rod is given a negative charge b! rubbing it with wool: 9& positive charges are trans#erred #rom rod to wool ;& negative charges are trans#erred #rom rod to wool C& positive charges are trans#erred #rom wool to rod & negative charges are trans#erred #rom wool to rod /& negative charges are created and stored on the rod 9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.( . o ma*e an uncharged object have a negative charge we must: 9& add some atoms ;& remove some atoms
C& add some electrons & remove some electrons /& write down a negative sign 9ns: C i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.( 3. o ma*e an uncharged object have a positive charge: 9& remove some neutrons ;& add some neutrons C& add some electrons & remove some electrons /& heat it to cause a change o# phase 9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.( 10. he diagram shows a pair o# highl! charged plastic cubes that attract each other.
Cube is a conductor and is uncharged. >hich o# the #ollowing illustrates the #orces between cubes1 and and between cubes 2 and ?
9& ;& C& & /&
) )) ))) )@ @
9ns: C i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1. 11. he leaves o# a positivel! charged electroscope diverge more when an object is brought near the *nob o# the electroscope. he object must be: 9& a conductor ;& an insulator C& positivel! charged & negativel! charged /& uncharged 9ns: C i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1. 12. 9 negativel! charged rubber rod is brought near the *nob o# a positivel! charged electroscope. he result is that: 9& electroscope leaves will move #arther apart ;& the rod will lose its charge C& electroscope leaves will tend to collapse & electroscope will become discharged /& nothing noticeable will happen 9ns: C i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1. 1. 9n electroscope is charged b! induction using a glass rod that has been made positive b! rubbing it with sil*. he electroscope leaves: 9& gain electrons ;& gain protons C& lose electrons & lose protons /& gain an e6ual number o# protons and electrons 9ns: 9 i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1. 1(. Consider the #ollowing procedural steps: %1& ground the electroscope
%2& remove the ground #rom the electroscope %& touch a charged rod to the electroscope %(& bring a charged rod near" but not touching" the electroscope %+& remove the charged rod o charge an electroscope b! induction" use the se6uence: 9& 1" (" +" 2 ;& (" 1" 2" + C& " 1" 2" + & (" 1" +" 2 /& " + 9ns: ; i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1. 1+. 9 positivel! charged insulating rod is brought close to an object that is suspended b! a string. )# the object is attracted toward the rod we can conclude: 9& the object is positivel! charged ;& the object is negativel! charged C& the object is an insulator & the object is a conductor /& none o# the above 9ns: / i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1. 1. 9 positivel! charged insulating rod is brought close to an object that is suspended b! a string. )# the object is repelled awa! #rom the rod we can conclude: 9& the object is positivel! charged ;& the object is negativel! charged C& the object is an insulator & the object is a conductor /& none o# the above 9ns: 9 i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1. 1. he diagram shows two pairs o# highl! charged plastic cubes. Cubes 1 and 2 attract each and cubes 1 and repel each other.
>hich o# the #ollowing illustrates the #orces o# cube 2 o n and cube on 2?
9& ;& C& & /&
) )) ))) )@ @
9ns: C i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1. 1. 9 small object has charge Q. Charge q is removed #rom it and placed on a second small object. he two objects are placed 1 m apart. or the #orce that each object e$erts on the other to be a ma$imum" q should be: 9& 2Q ;& Q C& Q<2 & Q<( /& 0 9ns: C i##icult!: 8 Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.3 13. wo small charged objects repel each other with a #orce F when separated b! a distance d . )# the charge on each object is reduced to one5#ourth o# its original value an d the distance between them is reduced to d <2 the #orce becomes: 9& F <1 ;& F < C& F <( & F <2 /& F
9ns: C i##icult!: 8 Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.3 20. wo particles" A and B" are ( m apart. A has a charge o# 2Q and B has a charge o# Q. he #orce o# A on B: 9& has twice the magnitude o# the #orce o# B on A ;& has hal# the magnitude o# the #orce o# B on A C& has #our times the magnitude o# the #orce o# B on A & has one5#ourth the magnitude o# the #orce o# B on A /& has the same magnitude as the #orce o# B on A 9ns: / i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.3 21. 9 +.05C charge is 10 m #rom a 2.05C charge. he electrostatic #orce is on the positive charge is: 9& 3.0 × 10 = toward the negative charge ;& 3.0 × 10 = awa! #rom the negative charge C& 3.0 × 103 = toward the negative charge & 3.0 × 103 = awa! #rom the negative charge /& none o# these 9ns: 9 i##icult!: 8 Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.3 22. wo identical charges" 2.0 m apart" e$ert #orces o# magnitude (.0 = on each other. he value o# either charge is: 9& 1. × 10 3 C ;& 2.1 × 10 + C C& (.2 × 10 + C & 1.3 × 10+ C /& . × 10+ C 9ns: C i##icult!: 8 Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.3 2. 9 particle with charge Q is on the y a$is a distance a #rom the origin and a particle with
charge q is on the x a$is a distance d #rom the origin. he value o# d #or which the x component o# the #orce on the second particle is the greatest is: 9& 0 ;& a C&
√ 2 a
& a<2 /&
a/
√ 2
9ns: / i##icult!: D Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.3 2(. )n the Euther#ord model o# the h!drogen atom" a proton %mass M " charge Q& is the nucleus and an electron %mass m" charge q& moves around the proton in a circle o# radius r . Let k denote the Coulomb #orce constant %1<(πε0& and G the universal gravitational constant. he ratio o# the electrostatic #orce to the gravitational #orce between electron and proton is: 9& kQq
C& it applies to all such objects & onl! pointli*e particles and objects that can be treated as particles /& it applies to all such objects as long as the! are not moving 9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.10 2. wo electrons %e1 and e2& and a proton % p& lie on a straight line" as shown. he directions o# the #orce o# e2 on e1" the #orce o# p on e1" and the total #orce on e1" respectivel!" are:
9& ;& C& & /&
" " ←" →" → →" ←" ← ←" →" ← ←" ←" ← → ← →
9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.11 2. wo protons % p1 and p2& and an electron %e& lie on a straight line" as shown. he directions o# the #orce o# p1 on e" the #orce o# p2 on e" and the total #orce on e" respectivel!" are:
9& ;& C& & /&
" " ←" →" → →" ←" ← ←" →" ← ←" ←" ← → ← →
9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.11 23. wo particles have charges Q and Q %e6ual magnitude and opposite sign&. or a net #orce o# 7ero to be e$erted on a third charge it must be placed: 9& midwa! between Q and Q ;& on the perpendicular bisector o# the line joining Q and Q" but not on that line itsel# C& on the line joining Q and Q" to the side o# Q opposite Q
& on the line joining Q and Q" to the side o# Q opposite Q /& at none o# these places %there is no place& 9ns: / i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.11 0. Farticle 1 with charge q1" and particle 2" with a charge q2" are on the $ a$is" with particle 1 at x G a with and particle 2 at x G 2a. or the net #orce on a third charged particle" at the origin to be 7ero q1 and q2 must be related b! q2G: 9& 2q1 ;& (q1 C& 2q1 & (q1 /& q1<( 9ns: ; i##icult!: 8 Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.11 1. wo particles 9 and ; have identical charge Q. or a net #orce o# 7ero to be e$erted on a third charged particle it must be placed: 9& midwa! between 9 and ; ;& on the perpendicular bisector o# the line joining 9 and ; but awa! #rom the line C& on the line joining 9 and ;" not between the particles & on the line joining 9 and ;" closer to one o# them than the other /& at none o# these places %there is no place& 9ns: 9 i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.11 2. 9 particle with charge 2 µ C is placed at the origin. 9n identical particle" with the same charge" is placed 2 m #rom the origin on the x a$is" and a third identical particle" with the same charge" is placed 2 m #rom the origin on the y a$is. he magnitude o# the #orce on the particle at the origin is: 9& 3.0 × 10 = ;& .( × 10 = C& 1. × 10 2 = & 1. × 10 2 = /& . × 10 2 = 9ns: C
i##icult!: 8 Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.11 . 9 charge Q is spread uni#orml! along the circum#erence o# a circle o# radius R. 9 point particle with charge q is placed at the center o# this circle. he total #orce e$erted on the particle q can be calculated b! Coulomb's law: 9& i# !ou use R #or the distance ;& i# !ou use 2 R #or the distance C& i# !ou use 2π R #or the distance & and the result o# the calculation is 7ero /& none o# the above 9ns: i##icult!: 8 Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.11 (. wo particles" each with charge Q" and a third particle" with a charge q, are placed at the vertices o# an e6uilateral triangle as shown. he total #orce on the particle with charge q is:
9& ;& C& & /&
Farallel to the le#t side o# the triangle Farallel to the right side o# the triangle Farallel to the bottom side o# the triangle perpendicular to the bottom side o# the triangle perpendicular to the le#t side o# the triangle
9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.11 +. Charge is distributed uni#orml! on the sur#ace o# a spherical balloon %an insulator&. 9 point particle with charge q is inside. he electrical #orce on the particle q is greatest when: 9& it is just outside the sur#ace o# the balloon ;& it is at the center o# the balloon C& it is hal#wa! between the balloon center and the inside sur#ace & it is an!where inside %the #orce is same ever!where and is not 7ero& /& it is an!where inside %the #orce is 7ero ever!where& 9ns: 9
i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.12 . Charge is distributed uni#orml! on the sur#ace o# a spherical nonconducting shell. 9 point particle with charge q is inside. he electrical #orce on the particle q is least when: 9& it is near the inside sur#ace o# the shell ;& it is at the center o# the shell C& it is hal#wa! between the shell center and the inside sur#ace & it is near" but not at" the center o# the shell /& all o# the above %the #orce is 7ero ever!where inside& 9ns: / i##icult!: 8 Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1 . )# e$cess charge is put on a spherical conductor" 9& it remains where it was placed ;& it spreads a little #rom where it was placed but not over the whole sphere C& it spreads uni#orml! over the sur#ace o# the sphere i# the sphere is small & it spreads uni#orml! throughout the volume o# the conductor /& it spreads uni#orml! over the sur#ace o# the sphere 9ns: / i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1( . wo uncharged metal spheres" L and 8" are in contact. 9 negativel! charged rod is brought close to L" but not touching it" as shown. he two spheres are slightl! separated and the rod is then withdrawn. 9s a result:
9& ;& C& & /&
both spheres are neutral both spheres are positive both spheres are negative L is negative and 8 is positive L is positive and 8 is negative
9ns: /
i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1+ 3. 9 positivel! charged metal sphere 9 is brought into contact with an uncharged metal sphere ;. 9s a result: 9& both spheres are positivel! charged ;& 9 is positivel! charged and ; is neutral C& 9 is positivel! charged and ; is negativel! charged & 9 is neutral and ; is positivel! charged /& 9 is neutral and ; is negativel! charged 9ns: 9 i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1+ (0. wo identical conducting spheres 9 and ; carr! e6ual charge and e$ert electrostatic #orces o# magnitude F on each other. he! are separated b! a distance much larger than their diameters. 9 third identical conducting sphere C is uncharged. Sphere C is #irst touched to 9" then to ;" and #inall! removed. 9s a result" the electrostatic #orce between 9 and ; becomes: 9& F <2 ;& F <( C& F < & F <1 /& 0 9ns: C i##icult!: 8 Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1+ (1. )# e$cess charge is put on a spherical nonconductor" 9& it remains where it was placed ;& it spreads a little #rom where it was placed but not over the whole sphere C& it spreads uni#orml! over the sur#ace o# the sphere i# the sphere is small & it spreads uni#orml! throughout the volume o# the conductor /& it spreads uni#orml! over the sur#ace o# the sphere 9ns: 9 i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1 (2. 9 coulomb is the same as: 9& an ampere
;& C& & /&
hal# an ampere ⋅ second2 an ampere
9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1 (. 9 *iloampere ⋅ hour is a unit o#: 9& current ;& charge per time C& power & charge /& energ! 9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1 ((. 9 wire contains a stead! current o# 2 9. he charge that passes a cross section in 2 s is: 9& .2 × 10 13 C ;& .( × 10 13 C C& 1 C & 2 C /& ( C 9ns: / i##icult!: / Section: 2151 Learning Objective 21.1.1 (+. he magnitude o# the charge on an electron is appro$imatel!: 9& 102 C ;& 10 2 C C& 1013 C & 10 13 C /& 103 C 9ns: i##icult!: / Section: 2152 Learning Objective 21.2.1
(. he magnitude o# the total negative charge on the electrons in 1 mol o# helium %atomic number 2" atomic mass (& is: 9& (. × 10( C ;& 3. × 10( C C& 1.3 × 10+ C & . × 10+ C /& . × 10+ C 9ns: C i##icult!: / Section: 2152 Learning Objective 21.2.1 (. he magnitude o# the total negative charge on the electrons in 1 *g o# helium %atomic number 2" atomic mass (& is: 9& ( C ;& 2.( × 10 C C& (. × 10 C & 3. × 10 C /& 1.3 × 10 C 9ns: C i##icult!: / Section: 2152 Learning Objective 21.2.1 (. 9 wire contains a stead! current o# 2 9. he number o# electrons that pass a cross section in 2 s is: 9& 2 ;& ( C& . × 101 & 1. × 1013 /& 2.+ × 1013 9ns: / i##icult!: / Section: 2152 Learning Objective 21.2.1 (3. >hich o# the #ollowing is =O a possible value #or the e lectric charge on an object? 9& $ 10520 C ;& $ 10513 C C& $ 1051 C & $ 1051 C /& $ 1051 C
9ns: 9 i##icult!: / Section: 2152 Learning Objective 21.2.2 +0. )s it ever possible #or the #ollowing process to occu r? H I eJ J e5 J eJ 9& Bes" it is. ;& =o" this process does not conserve energ!. C& =o" this process does not conserve momentum. & =o" this process does not conserve mass. /& =o" this process does not conserve electric ch arge. 9ns: / i##icult!: / Section: 215 Learning Objective 21..1 +1. One t!pe o# medical imaging process is called positron emission tomograph!. Eadioactive material is injected into a patientK during the radioactive d eca! the material emits a positron" which then interacts with an atomic electron" e mitting gamma ra!s" which are detected b! the imager. his gamma ra! emission process is called: 9& pair production ;& annihilation C& absorption & alpha deca! /& #ission 9ns: ; i##icult!: / Section: 215 Learning Objective 21..2 +2. 9 nucleus o# carbon 1( has protons and neutrons. he atomic number and mass number o# carbon 1( are" respectivel!" 9& and ;& and 1( C& and 1( & 1( and 20 /& 1( and 22 9ns: ; i##icult!: / Section: 215 Learning Objective 21..
