CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction The literature review deals with the topics and the researches that would help to understand Hotel Reservation System the existing systems that are similar to Hotel Reservation System. The objective of this literature review is to analyze the related work to this project and mechanisms used in previous studies. 2.1 Computer-based information system Higgins (1976) defines Computer-based information systems (CBIS) as structured systems that rely on computer hardware and software technology to collect, process, and store and distribute information. Information systems are employed to support decision making and control in an organization. Information systems can also be used to analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products. Input, processing and output are the three activities in an information system that produces the information an organization needs. 2.2 Advantages of Computer-Based Information Systems Compute-based information systems have been in widespread use since the 1990s in industry, non-profit organizations and government agencies. These systems provide fast, centralized access to databases of personnel information, reference reading, best practices and on-the-job training, and are easily customizable to meet an organization's needs. With the Internet and technology boom of the early 21st century, use of computer-based information networks is growing faster each year. Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995),
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2.3 Overview of Hotel hotel is a hive of numerous operations such as front office, booking and reservation, banquet, finance, HR, inventory, material management, quality management, security, energy management, housekeeping, CRM and more Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995),. According to the British laws a hotel is a place where a “bonafied” traveler canreceive food and shelter provided he is in a position to for it and is in a fit condition toreceive.Hotels have a very long history, but not as we know today, way back in the 6 th century BC when the first inn in and around the city of London began to develop. The first catered to travelers and provided them with a mere roof to stay under. This condition of the inns prevailed for a long time, until the industrial revolution in England, which brought about new ideas and progress in the business at inn keeping. The invention of the steam engine made traveling even more prominent. Which had to more and more people traveling not only for business but also for leisure reasons. This lead to the actual development of the hotel industry as we know it today. Hotel today not only cater to the basic needs of the guest like food and shelter provide much more than that, like personalized services etc.Hotels today are a “Home away from home”.(jayeshvk 2008) The hotel industry has two main category of customers, the corporate guests who patronize hotels for business and conference meetings primarily using facilities from Monday until Thursday and leisure guests who usually stay in hotels on weekends and holiday periods. The hotel market is strongly affected by new trends and technological changes and influenced by macro factors in the economy both on a country level and on international level. The development and construction of new hotels also takes a number of years and therefore developers have to forecast future occurrences in order to make the correct projection of the demand.(Aryee 2011)
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2.4 Types of hotels Hotels can be either the following : 2.4.1 One Star Hotels in this category mainly have common area bath / toilet, towels, central heating, breakfast and timing with a possibility of wake-up call and daily cleaning of rooms. Superior status is attained by one (1) star if all the rooms must have private bath / toilet and television. 2.4.2 Two Stars Two (2) star hotels have in addition to requirements for one (1) at least 40% private bathroom / toilet and TV, bath towels and washbasin in rooms with soap and shower cream as well as bedside lamp. Likewise for two (2) stars to attain superior status, all the rooms have private bath / toilet and television. 2.4.3 Three Stars These hotels have service desk function (at least 14 hours a day), all rooms equipped with private bath / toilet, hairdryer, full-length mirror, luggage stand, desk, radio, TV, access to internet, access to the baggage service, laundry bag, shoe shine equipment, elevator. 2.4.4 Four Stars Four (4) star hotels have reception desk staffed at least 18 hours a day and a bar at least 6 days a week. In addition to this there should be comfortable furniture, safe, guest computer, internet connection in rooms, mini bar / room service, dinner service at least 6 days a week and room service with food for hotels that do not serve breakfast only, newspapers, sewing services, elevator. Superior status is attained if dinner restaurant is opened at least 6 nights a week. 2.4.5 Five stars Hotels in the five (5) category have reception desk staffed 24 hours, suites, extra toiletries in the room, bathrobe and slippers, extra pillows, choice of pillows, comfortable seating in rooms, bar 7 days a week, lunch and dinner 7 days a week, mini bar, room service round the 13 clock, luggage service, ironing service, same day laundry service, second service / turndown, mystery checking, etc. All star categories need a number of additional criteria beyond the mandatory criteria, in order to achieve star rating. In addition, the hotel is also considered as a whole in terms of maintenance standards, quality of furniture and equipment, and general impression.(Aryee 2011)
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2.5 Hotel Management System Hotel Management System is an ideal software solution for Hospitality Industry that can be used at hotels, motels, inns, resorts, lodges, hostel, military guest houses, ranch, suites, apartments, medical centres and bed, breakfast operations. Hotel Management System is a comprehensive software suite consisting of integrated modules for various aspects of hotel management. The software is often referred to as Property Management System in the Hotel industry. It will includes all the features required in a Hotel Management Software, Hotel Reservation Software, Hotel Reception Software (Front Office), Call Accounting, Hotel Point of Sales (Restaurant, Bar, Room Service, House Keeping or any other outlet), Inventory Management System and Hotel accounting software. Wollner KS. (1999). The lodging software all modules are tightly integrated and all hotel programs are included in one price, meaning all modules are included at no additional cost regardless of your hotel size. Management software is developed for Microsoft Windows operating system using latest software developing techniques. Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995), 2.6 Hotel reservation system A hotel reservation system, commonly known as a central reservation system (CRS) is a computerized system that stores and distributes information of a hotel, resort or other lodging facilities (www.mindspeakit.com). Hotel Reservation System has all the dynamic versatile features required to run hotels, motels and guest house business. Hotel Reservation System offers an operational integration between reservations, guest history, reception/ front desk, Sales Ledger, Accounting and Reporting modules. Software has facility to generate report for analyzes your booking, checking and checkout status. Hotel Reservation System is the best suit for managing you resource in very simple but effective manner with minimal efforts or time so that it increases your revenue. Hotel Reservation System helps you to manage small to medium size boutique, hotels, Inns, cottages, Bed, campgrounds and cabins and Breakfasts. Hotel management or booking system is design to help you manage your booking and use the gathered data in reports to help analyze your marketing and financial results. Hotel Booking software is a complete software suite consisting of integrated modules for various aspects of hotel management.
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2.7 Advantages of Hotel Reservation Hotel Reservation have the advantage of updating data quickly so reservation changes can be made quickly and easily. You can also summarize data to see how many spots you have left. You can also analyze past data to see where you are being most efficient and where you may be losing money, or can at least maximize profit.(Guru_guy 2006)
2.8 Existing systems 2.8.1 Booking.com Booking.com specializes in hotels and other travel accommodations, so it shouldn’t come as a surprise they top the list of the best hotel booking sites. They offer deals on vacation rentals, hostels, and bed and breakfasts, as well as many other hard-to-find property types. Booking.com customers have reported a high degree of satisfaction with their service, particularly the ease of the booking process. Get started by entering your destination and travel dates. Then, using their filtering tools, you can focus your results on certain amenities and other details that are important to you. There’s also the option to run a theme search, which isn’t something you’ll find with most hotel sites. These searches are ideal when you’re trying to quickly locate a family-friendly or business hotel, for example. Once you’ve found the right place, click into it to view more detailed information and book it right away. If you’re not near a computer, you can also book your hotel from Booking.com’s mobile app and check today’s rates at the hotels in your area if you need to make a lastminute reservation.
2.8.2 Hotels .com Hotels.com is another place to check out if you’re looking for the top hotel booking sites. Their sizeable discounts give you plenty of opportunities to save, sometimes up to 50%, on your total room costs. Their Welcome Rewards program is perfect for frequent travelers because it helps you earn a free night at participating hotels for every 10 nights you stay. Loyalty programs like this are relatively uncommon among hotel booking sites so, if you’re interested in earning these kinds of rewards, it’s worth taking a closer look at what Hotels.com has to offer. Spontaneous travelers will also find plenty to love about Hotels.com, including their last-minute deals on hotels all over the country. If you’re traveling with a large party, there’s a group travel service available for you to take advantage of. A Hotels.com representative helps you locate and book as many rooms as you 5
need at
discounted rates and can also hook you up with a meeting or banquet space if you need it. Like Booking.com, Hotels.com has a mobile app for searching and booking hotels as well if this is more convenient for you.
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2.8.3 Hotwire.com Hotwire helps their customers save a considerable amount on their hotel reservations by keeping the name of the travel site you’re booking with a secret until after you’ve purchased a room. Doing this enables Hotwire’s travel partners to get rid of their unsold rooms while offering you significantly lower rates than those you’ll find with many of the other top hotel sites. You’ll still have the opportunity to view photos and details of the location you choose as well as customer ratings and reviews. The only thing you won’t know until after you’ve booked is what travel partner helped you score that deal. This process has earned Hotwire a reputation as one of the best hotel booking sites in terms of overall customer satisfaction. Another reason Hotwire is such a great choice for the budget-conscious traveler is they have numerous trip-planning tools to help you locate the vacation destinations with the lowest rates on hotels. They can even help you pinpoint the best time to travel to that particular location. Like the other companies on this list, Hotwire has powerful search and filtering tools to assist customers in quickly narrowing down their results to find the hotel that best fits their needs.
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2.9 Comparison among existing systems Features
Hotels.com
Booking.com
Hotwire.com
Registeration
Yes
Yes
Es
Login
Yes
Yes
No
Search for hotels
Yes
Yes
Yes
Single/group reservation
Yes
Yes
Yes
Online Booking
Yes
Yes
Yes
Report
Yes
Yes
Yes
2.10 Chapter Summary This chapter is about the literature review that discusses the researches of existing systems, which gives a better understanding of Hotel Reservation System. It also shows the similarities and the differences that the existing systems have by comparing them and discusses related things of the current system. It will represent the border or limitation of the current system.
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References Wollner KS. (1999). How to Draft and Interpret Insurance Policies. Casualty Risk Publishing Porter K. (2007). The Legal Environment of Insurance, Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995), Strategic Information Systems Planning: A Review, Information Resources Management Association International Conference, May 21–24, Atlanta. Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995), Strategic Information Systems Planning: A Review, Information IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 1 Issue 9, November 2014. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 1 Issue 9, November 2014. www.ijiset.com
Aryee, S. (2011). HOTEL MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. Architecture and Built environment. Stockholm, KTH Stockholm. Master of Science, . Guru_guy (2006). "advantages of computer reservation system." Retrieved 23 Naovember, 2016, from http://www.justanswer.com/computer/0cwzq-advantagescomputer-reservation-systems.html. jayeshvk (2008). "introduction to the hotel industry." Retrieved 26 Novemper, 2016, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/6170286/Introduction-to-the-Hotel-Industry.
Aryee, S. (2011). HOTEL MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. Architecture and Built environment. Stockholm, KTH Stockholm. Master of Science,. 9
jayeshvk (2008). "introduction to the hotel industry." Retrieved 26 Novemper, 2016, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/6170286/Introduction-to-the-Hotel-Industry. Aryee, S. (2011). HOTEL MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. Architecture and Built environment. Stockholm, KTH Stockholm. Master of Science,. jayeshvk (2008). "introduction to the hotel industry." Retrieved 26 Novemper, 2016, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/6170286/Introduction-to-the-Hotel-Industry.
Classification criteria 2010-2014) Retrieved December 27, 2010, from www.hotelstars.se
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