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Essential University Physics Test Bank by Wolfson 3rd Edition
CHAPTER 16—SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MC
Electronic waste All of the above are orret
The International Basel Convention bans the transfer of hazardous waste from developed to developing countries. The United States !" the o#l$ !#%&"tr!al!'e% #at!o# that ha" #ot rat!f!e% th!" o#ve#t!o#
The banning of TV set and computer disposal in landfills b !" states in the U.S. is e#pected to "et the "ta(e for a# e)er(!#( h!(hl$ *rof!table e+re$l!#( !#%&"tr$
E$waste is a source of which of the following pollutants of air and water% *ol$v!#$lhlor!%e ,P-C.
&arbage produced directl b households and businesses accounts for '''' of the solid waste produced in the United United States. le"" tha# /0
(azardous or to#ic waste is waste that all of the"e
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)hich categor most accuratel describes waste such as food wastes* cardboard* cans* bottles* ard wastes* furniture* plastics* metal* glass* and e$waste% )!!*al "ol!% a"te
The top three U.S. producers of hazardous waste* in order* are the )!l!tar$2 the he)!al !#%&"tr$2 a#% the )!#!#( !#%&"tr$
In an integrated waste management approach* which of the following strategies should be given top priorit% re%&e
)hich of the following choices describe an input approach to the problem of waste production% re%&e *a3a(!#( a#% )ater!al" for #e *ro%&t" and *&rha"e feer ho&"ehol% !te)"
The first priorit of integrated waste management is 4oth a#% %
)hich of the three ,s are preferred because the are input approaches to waste management% re%&!#( a#% re&"!#(
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+t the chec-out counter* an environmentalist is most li-el to sa 5I bro&(ht )$ o# ba(5
)hich of the following statements is false% So&re "e*arat!o# !" )ore o"tl$ a#% e#er($ !#te#"!ve
Source separation differs from materials$recover facilities in all but which of the following% It *rov!%e" feer 7ob" *er !t of )ater!al re$le%
)hich of the following are tpes of waste that a homeowner can reccle in their bac-ard as part of a composting proect% all of the"e except %!"ar%e% *a!#t" a#% "ta!#"
Critics of reccling are most li-el to claim/ It %oe"#8t )a3e "e#"e to re$le !f !t o"t" )ore tha# "e#%!#( a"te" to a la#%f!ll or a# !#!#erator
0bstacles to reccling include all of the"e a#"er"
0nl about 12 of '''''' products are reccled in the United States because there are so man different tpes that can be difficult to separate.
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*la"t!
3ou are the vice$president of a transportation compan. 3ou are presenting a proposal to the compan president and owners that involves reccling of the tires that are removed from compan vehicles and turning them into a rubberized plaground material to be sold to schools and par-s. 3our proposal is based on "eo#%ar$ re$l!#(
)hat is a law that has been enacted in Bangladesh* China* 4rance* Ital and the cit of San 4rancisco* California* US+% Pla"t! "ho**!#( ba(" have bee# ba##e%
Components of a modern* state$of$the$art landfill include all of the"e a#"er"
+ 5661 report b the 7uclear Information and ,esource Service* a nonprofit organization* indicates that/ Ra%!oat!ve )ater!al" fro) fa!l!t!e" o*erate% b$ the US De*art)e#t of E#er($ have bee# %e*o"!te% !# re(&lar la#%f!ll"
Sanitar landfills tpicall have problems with traff!2 #o!"e2 a#% %&"t
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0f the two tpes of dumps utilized for solid waste* open dumps are rare !# %evelo*e% otr!e"
8an concerned citizens oppose using incinerators to burn waste because All of the"e a#"er"
+ ver comprehensive and effective hazardous$waste collection and deto#ification program is in De#)ar3
Bioremediation !#volve" the &"e of bater!a a#% e#'$)e" to %e"tro$ ha'ar%o&" "&b"ta#e"
9htoremediation !#volve" the &"e of *la#t" to re)ove o#ta)!#a#t" fro) *oll&te% "o!l a#% ater
The first priorit in dealing with hazardous wastes is to *ro%&e le"" of !t
(azardous waste deposited in ponds or lagoons all of the"e a#"er"
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The least$used method of dealing with li:uid and solid hazardous waste is '''' because of the ''''. "e&re ha'ar%o&" a"te la#%f!ll"2 e9*e#"e
9htoremediation is a form of bioremediation that !#volve" the &"e of *la#t"
)hen hazardous wastes are inected into deep underground wells/ 4oth lea3" a#% "*!ll" a# o&r at the "&rfae a#% e are &t!l!'!#( a#other o&t*&t a**roah that e#o&ra(e" a"te *ro%&t!o#
The Superfund program paid to !%e#t!f$ a#% lea# &* ha'ar%o&"+a"te %&)* "!te"
+ll of the following are true about the Superfund program except All of the "!te" or!(!#all$ l!"te% a" a "evere threat to h&)a# health ere lea#e% &*
+ppro#imatel ; million childhood lead poisonings were prevented in the United States between <;1= and 5661 primaril because of a ba# o# the &"e of lea%+ba"e% *a!#t" a#% lea%e% (a"ol!#e
E#posure to lead continues to cause unsafe levels in children in the United States. The source>s? of this lead is all of the"e a#"er"
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The idea that everone is entitled to protection from environmental hazards regardless of race* gender* age* national origin* income* social class* or an political factor is called e#v!ro#)e#tal 7&"t!e
In <;;5* the ''''''''''' banned the shipment of hazardous materials f rom developed to developing countries. 4a"el Co#ve#t!o#
)hich of the following countries has passed a law that states all chemicals that are persistent and can accumulate in living tissue will be banned b the ear 5656% Se%e#
In 5666* delegates from <55 countries completed a global treat to control <5 persistent organic pollutants ( 909s?* which include DDT
)hich of the following statements is correct% We "ho&l% v!e ha'ar%o&" a"te" a" "o)eth!#( e "ho&l% #ot be *ro%&!#( !# the f!r"t *lae
T:
@ess use of energ will produce less waste but more pollution. : Composting and source$separation reccling are both effective in reducing waste. T Both solid waste and hazardous waste disposal toda compromise the environment. T 8ost scientists thin- that waste management should be the last priorit for dealing with material use and solid waste. T
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,eusing products can be a health hazard for the poor in developing countries who dismantle products to e#tract usable parts. T The products of composting can be used to slow soil erosion* retain water* and improve crop ields. T Countries in which governments offer increased subsidies and ta# brea-s for reusing and reccling materials are more environmentall sustainable than those that do not. T In primar reccling* waste products are converted into different products. : The best and cheapest was to deal with solid and hazardous wastes are waste reduction and pollution prevention.T ,estructuring urban transportation sstems is a good idea from the perspective of reducing energ use* but it would have no effect on resource use and waste production. : 9lastic shopping bag use is ta#ed in Ireland and Scotland. : Closed$loop reccling is the same as secondar reccling. : The reccling of plastic bottles to ma-e fleece fabric for clothing is a tpe of secondar reccling. T The availabilit of oil and petrochemicals effectivel stalled the development of bioplastic. T 9erpetual storage should be the last resort for dealing with hazardous wastes. T 0nce lead was eliminated from gasoline* the problem of unsafe blood levels of lead in oung children ceased in the United States. : In the natural world* where humans are not dominant* there is essentiall no waste. T
COMPLETION
'''''''''''''''''''' are chemical substances that persist in the environment and accumulate in the fatt tissues of humans and other organisms. Per"!"te#t or(a#! *oll&ta#t" POP"
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Tires being shredded and converted into surfacing for public roads is an e#ample of ''''''''''''''''''''. "eo#%ar$ re$l!#( '''''''''''''''''''' are inefficient because the are e#pensive to build* the discharge to#ic emissions* and the can produce a to#ic ash. Mater!al"+reover$ fa!l!t!e" MR: The '''''''''''''''''''' approach to reccling saves energ* provides obs* and educates people about how to reduce waste. "o&re "e*arat!o#
Contaminated water that lea-s from landfills is called ''''''''''''''''''''. leahate
The top priorit in dealing with hazardous waste should be the same as the top priorit for solid waste* and that is ''''''''''''''''''''. *oll&t!o# *reve#t!o#
The pricing of hazardous materials used in the U.S. and most countries does not include their ''''''''''''''''''''. har)f&l e#v!ro#)e#tal o"t"
The tpe of waste produced b mines* agriculture* and industries that suppl people with goods and services is called ''''''''''''''''''''. !#%&"tr!al "ol!% a"te
(ospital medical waste is a tpe of ''''''''''''''''''''. ha'ar%o&" a"te to9! a"te
In the United States* enough '''''''''''''''''''' are used each ear so that* if lin-ed end to end* the would reach to the moon and bac- seven times. %!"*o"able %!a*er"
0nline sites such as '''''''''''''''''''' lin- people who want to reuse belongings. e4a$ Cra!("l!"t
'''''''''''''''''''' is a form of reccling that mimics natureAs reccling of nutrients. Co)*o"t!#(
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+ method of dealing with solid waste that causes a low amount of water pollution* but a high amount of air pollution* is ''''''''''''''''''''. !#!#erat!o# The use of bacteria and enzmes to convert to#ic or hazardous substances to harmless compounds is called ''''''''''''''''''''. b!ore)e%!at!o# +ccording to the E9+* all impoundment liners eventuall ''''''''''''''''''''. lea3
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MATCHIN;
Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice
<. 5. !. .
)hich area is a methane gas recover well% C )hich area represents monitoring wells% 4 )hich area contains compacted solid wastes% A )hich area is a methane storage area% D
Considering the priorities suggested by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences for integrated waste management, match the priority leel with the appropriate action below. a.
first priorit
c.
third priorit
b. second priorit
". =. 1. . ;. <6. <<. <5.
Bu soft drin-s in glass containers. 4 Incinerate waste. C Use less garden pesticides. A Bur waste in landfills. C Change industrial processes to eliminate use of harmful chemicals. A Compost our vegetable scraps. 4 8a-e cars that last longer. A Bu foods such as grains and dried fruits in bul-. A Treat waste with bioremediation. C ,epair an old biccle and donate it to a childrenAs group. 4