Chapter 12: Lipids and Membranes Matching A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) I) J) K) L) )
amphiphilic vitamin D arachidonic acid phos phosph phat atid idy yleth lethan anol olam amin inee steroid gangliosides phosphatidylserine glycerophospholipids sphingomyelin cholesterol triacylglycerols plasmalogen nonpolar
!" ###### are the $ats and oils that constit%te the lipids lipids o$ the h%man diet" Ans& K Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
(" he ###### are the ma*or lipid lipid components o$ the cell mem+rane" mem+rane" Ans& H Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
," he myelin sheath sheath is partic%larly partic%larly rich in ######" Ans& I Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
-" A steroid.derived hormone/ ######/ reg%lates Ca(0 meta+olism" Ans& B
Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
1" ###### is $o%nd e2cl%sively in the cytosolic lea$let o$ the mem+rane" Ans& G Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
3" em+ers o$ the ###### $amily have $o%r $%sed/ nonplanar rings" Ans& E Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1" Lipid Classification
4" A glycerophospholipid in 5hich the C! s%+stit%ent is lin6ed as an ether rather than an ester is called a ######" Ans& L Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
7" Glycosphingolipids 5ith comple2 car+ohydrate head gro%ps that o$ten serve as cell%lar receptors are ######" Ans& F Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
8" 9ith respect to polarity/ mem+rane lipids can +e descri+ed as ######" Ans& A Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification / 12-2. Properties of Lipid Aggregates
!:" Eicosanoids are derived $rom ######" Ans& C Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
Multiple Choice !!" 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing statements does not apply to $atty acids; A) hey most commonly have !-.(: car+ons" B) hey %s%ally have an even n%m+er o$ car+ons" C) Do%+le +onds/ 5hen they occ%r/ are %s%ally con*%gated" D) In higher plants and animals/ C!3 and C!7 species predominate" E)
!(" =an6 the melting points o$ the $ollo5ing $atty acids $rom highest to lo5est& >!) cis.oleate >!7&!) >() trans.oleate >!7&!) >,) linoleate >!7&() A) B) C) D) E)
! ? ( ? , ( ? ! ? , ( ? , ? ! , ? ! ? ( none o$ the a+ove
Ans& B Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
!," 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing lipid types is the least polar; A) riacylglycerols B) Glycerophospholipids C) 'phingolipids D) Gangliosides E) none o$ the a+ove Ans& A Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
!-" Cholesterol is commonly $o%nd in 5hich o$ the $ollo5ing organisms; A) mammals B) plants
C) yeast and $%ngi D) +acteria E) all o$ the a+ove Ans& A Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
!1" 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing is most li6ely to $orm a liposome; A) Fatty acids B) riacylglycerols C) Glycerophospholipids D) 'teroids E)
!3" 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing is tr%e a+o%t mem+rane proteins; A) hey are nonpolar" B) hey readily %ndergo transverse di$$%sion >every $e5 seconds or so)" C) hey $orm a rigid/ solid str%ct%re" D) Lateral di$$%sion occ%rs %nless other cell%lar components restrict their movements" E) hey are all glycoproteins" Ans& D Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& oderate 'ection& 12-3. Biological Membranes
!4" 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing statements descri+es integral mem+rane proteins; A) hey do not completely span the lipid +ilayer" B) hey are easily removed +y changes in pH or high salt" C) Amino acids that contact the mem+rane are hydropho+ic" D) he proteins tend to +e 5ater.sol%+le" E)
!7" 9hich e2periment listed +elo5 did <@ veri$y the $l%id mosaic model o$ mem+ranes;
A) B) C) D) E)
erythrocyte anchoring st%dies m%tarotation e2periments cell $%sion e2periments $l%orescence recovery a$ter photo+leaching e2periments none o$ the a+ove
Ans& B Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& oderate 'ection& 12-3. Biological Membranes
!8" 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing proteins are synthesied on $ree ri+osomes; A) mitochondrial proteins B) secretory proteins C) E= proteins D) lysosomal proteins E) none o$ the a+ove Ans& A Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& oderate 'ection& 12-. Membrane Assembl! and Protein "argeting
(:" he protein that $orms a transmem+rane pore that allo5s preproteins to pass thro%gh the E= mem+rane is called the ######" A) signal recognition particle B) signal peptidase C) doc6ing protein D) translocon E) none o$ the a+ove Ans& D Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-. Membrane Assembl! and Protein "argeting
(!" nsat%rated $atty acids& A) are commonly $o%nd in plants and animals B) %s%ally contain a do%+le +ond 5ith cis stereochemistry C) sometimes contain m%ltiple do%+le +onds D) have lo5er melting points than the analogo%s sat%rated $atty acids E) all o$ the a+ove Ans& E Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
((" riglycerides contain more meta+olic energy per %nit 5eight than glycogen +eca%se& A) the car+ohydrate glycerol is readily meta+olied B) anhydro%s glycogen cannot +e cleaved +y glycogen phosphorylase C) $atty acids are less o2idied than car+ohydrates D) triglycerides have a higher average molec%lar mass E) none o$ the a+ove Ans& C Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
(," Adipocytes are cells that are specialied& A) $or the synthesis o$ triglycerides" B) $or the o2idative meta+olism o$ $atty acids" C) $or the storage o$ glycogen" D) $or the synthesis o$ sphingolipids" E) $or the storage o$ short.term energy so%rces" Ans& A Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
(-" he sphingolipids& A) contain a glycerol core" B) are the prec%rsors o$ the estrogens" C) contain the amino acid sphingosine" D) incl%de the cere+rosides" E) are $o%nd solely on inner lea$lets o$ the cell mem+rane" Ans& D Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Esasy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
(1" 9hile $atty acids are most o$ten $ormed +y the condensation o$ ##.car+on %nits/ isoprenoids are assem+led $rom ##.car+on %nits" A) 1/ , B) -/ ( C) (/ , D) (/ 1 E) ,/ Ans& D
Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
(3" Fatty acid anions assem+le into ####### in a%eo%s sol%tion" A) lipid +ilayers B) t5o dimensional mem+ranes C) liposomes D) micelles E) solvent.$illed vesicles Ans& D Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-2. Properties of Lipid Aggregates
(4" Cold +looded animals mod%late the $atty acid composition o$ their mem+ranes as a $%nction o$ temperat%re in order to& A) ad*%st the mem+rane thic6ness and th%s the thermal ins%lating po5er B) ins%re the ready availa+ility o$ $atty acids $or meta+olism C) maintain mem+rane $l%idity D) compensate $or decreasing cholesterol sol%+ility E) all o$ the a+ove Ans& C Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-2. Properties of Lipid Aggregates
(7" 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing amino acids is most li6ely to +e $o%nd on the e2terior/ mem+rane. contacting/ s%r$ace o$ an integral mem+rane protein; A) Gly B) Gln C) Gl% D) Ala E) Asp Ans& D Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-3. Biological Membranes
(8" ransmem+rane proteins& A) are $o%nd predominantly in +ilayer mem+ranes containing transˆ %nsat%rated $atty acid resid%es B) are almost al5ays oriented in only one direction 5ith respect to the mem+rane
C) are al5ays constr%cted $rom +%ndles o$ α.helices" D) allo5 all small >m5,::) hydrophilic molec%les to pass $reely in and o%t o$ the cell E) none o$ the a+ove Ans& B Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-3. Biological Membranes
,:" 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing is >are) not $o%nd as covalently attached anchors in lipid.lin6ed proteins& A) isoprenoid gro%ps B) $atty acids C) cholesterol and other sterols D) glycosylphosphatidyl inositol gro%ps E) all o$ the a+ove Ans& C Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-3. Biological Membranes
,!" 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing classes o$ proteins is most di$$ic%lt to remove $rom a +ilayer mem+rane; A) e2trinsic proteins B) lipid.lin6ed proteins C) transmem+rane proteins D) peripheral proteins E) hydrophilic proteins Ans& C Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-3. Biological Membranes
,(" he +iconcave shape o$ erythrocytes is maintained +y& A) a rigid mem+rane s6eleton composed o$ polymeried myoglo+in B) a high concentration o$ cholesterol and sat%rated lipids C) a $le2i+le s6eleton composed primarily o$ spectrin D) tightly.pac6ed anion channel proteins E) an in$le2i+le crosslin6ed spectrin s6eleton Ans& C Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-. Membrane Assembl! and Protein "argeting
,," he ######### model descri+es the cell mem+rane as an assortment o$ integral protein ice+ergs $loating in a lipid sea" A) F=A B) cell%lar $%sion C) mem+rane s6eleton D) lateral di$$%sion E) $l%id mosaic Ans& E Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-. Membrane Assembl! and Protein "argeting
,-" N-terminal signal peptides are %se to direct proteins& A) destined $or secretion" B) to the endoplasmic retic%l%m" C) destined to +e part o$ the lysosomes" D) all o$ the a+ove E) none o$ the a+ove Ans& D Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-. Membrane Assembl! and Protein "argeting
,1" he translocon/ 5hich is $o%nd in the endoplasmic retic%l%m/ is a ####### protein" A) sol%+le B) lipid.lin6ed C) transmem+rane D) peripheral E) e2trinsic Ans& C Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-. Membrane Assembl! and Protein "argeting
,3" In +acteria/ phospholipids are synthesied& A) on the cytoplasmic $ace o$ cell mem+ranes B) in the ro%gh endoplasmic retic%l%m C) on the e2tracell%lar $ace o$ the cell mem+rane D) $rom isoprene s%+%nits E) non.enymatically Ans& A
Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-. Membrane Assembl! and Protein "argeting
,4" 9hich o$ the $ollo5ing segments o$ the integral mem+rane protein glycophorin most li6ely contains the mem+rane.spanning se%ence& A) L'EAH''''K' B) I''
,7" 9hich 5o%ld +e most li6ely to +e $o%nd in the cell mem+ranes o$ arctic mammals; A) very high concentrations o$ cholesterol B) poly%nsat%rated lipids C) sat%rated lipids D) trans.$ats E) elevated concentrations o$ hemoglo+in Ans& B Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
,8" he mannose.3.phosphate mar6er is %sed to direct proteins to the ###############" A) lysosome B) ro%gh endoplasmic retic%l%m C) o%ter lea$let o$ the cell%lar mem+rane D) n%cle%s E) cytoplasm Ans& A Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-. Membrane Assembl! and Protein "argeting
-:" Glycosphingolipids 5ith several attached car+ohydrates >incl%ding at least one sialic acid) are called& A) lipid ra$ts B) ceramides C) sphingiosides
D) gangliosides E) proteoglycans Ans& D Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-1. Lipid Classification
-!" In 5hich cell%lar location does the synthesis o$ <.lin6ed oligosaccharides ta6e place; A) B) C) D)
Golgi apparat%s cytosol mitochondrial matri2 It depends %pon the speci$ic cell typespecies"
Ans& A Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-. Membrane Assembl! and Protein "argeting
-(" Conne2in proteins $orm the +asis o$ ######" Ans& B Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& Easy 'ection& 12-3. Biological Membranes
-," Gap *%nctions& A) connect the cytoplasm to the e2tracell%lar sol%tion B) are important intracell%lar comm%nication channels C) are important intercell%lar comm%nication channels D) primarily transport o2alate and $ormate E) none o$ the a+ove Ans& C Level o$ Di$$ic%lty& oderate 'ection& 12-3. Biological Membranes
