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Mvxjc# 86=8
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Tljr xevixt eotjtced;
BAD Rtudz ia m Pjod Tuxhjoe Xitix
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Bioteotr
Cjrt ia Rzghicr
jq
Cjrt ia Aj`uxer
qjj
Cjrt ia Tmhcer
|
= Jotx Jotxidu idubt btji jio o
=
=/= Pixcd Eoex`z Eoex`z Tidmz / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
=
=/8 =/8
Iqexq Iqexqjep jep ia Pjo Pjod d Eoex Eoex`z `z / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
8
=/2 OXEC Uorte Uortemdz mdz Mexidzo Mexidzomgj mgjbr br E|vexjge E|vexjgeot ot Vlmre Vlmre QJ / / / / / / / / / / / /
4
=/4 Gitjq Gitjqmtjio mtjio mod Ihkebtjqe Ihkebtjqerr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
1
=/5 =/5
0
Cjtex Cjtexmtu mtuxe xe xeqje xeqjep p / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
8 Mexidzomgjb Mexidzomgjbrr mod Vexaixgm Vexaixgmobe obe ia Pjod Tuxhj Tuxhjoer oer
8/= 8/=
:
Iqex Iqexqj qjep ep / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
:
8/8 Pixnjo` vxjobjvcer vxjobjvcer ia LMPTr LMPTr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
:
8/2 Mexidzom Mexidzomgjb gjbrr ia mexiaij mexiaijcr cr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / == 8/4 Pjod Pjod tuxhj tuxhjoe oe mexidz mexidzomg omgjbr jbr tleixz tleixz / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / =8 8/4/ 8/4/==
Mbtum Mbtumtix tix djrn djrn getlid getlid / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / =2
8/4/ 8/4/88
Hcmd Hcmdee ecege ecegeot ot getlid getlid / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / =0
8/4/2 8/4/2
Omqje Omqjex'Rt x'Rtin iner er e}umt e}umtjio jio ricqe ricqexr xr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / =<
2 Ougexj Ougexjbmc bmc Gidecc Gideccjo` jo` ia Pjod Tuxh Tuxhjoe joerr
86
2/= Omqje Omqjex'R x'Rtin tiner er e}umtji e}umtjior or / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 86 2/8 Tuxhuceob uxhuceobee Gideccjo` Gideccjo` mod mod Rjgucm Rjgucmtji tjio o / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 8= 2/8/ 2/8/==
RRT λ ∘ ϊ gidec / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 82
2/2 Bigvutmt Bigvutmtjio jiomc mc gerl / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 84 2/4 2/4 ACUEO ACUEOT T OR Ricqe Ricqexx
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 85 j
2/4/= 2/4/=
Rjo`ce Rjo`ce giqjo giqjo`` xeaex xeaexeobe eobe axmge axmge / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 81
4 Getlid
8:
4/= 4/=
@eige @eigetxz txz gidec gidec / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 8:
4/8 4/8
Ger Gerl / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 26 4/8/ 4/8/==
Djge Djgeor orji jior or / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2=
4/8/8 4/8/8
Vxjrgmt Vxjrgmtjb jb cmze cmzexr xr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 22
4/2 4/2 ACUEO ACUEOT T retuv retuv / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 25 4/2/= 4/2/=
Hiuodmxz Hiuodmxz biodjtj biodjtjior ior / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 25
4/2/ 4/2/88
Ricutj Ricutjio io getlid getlid / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 20
4/2/2 4/2/2
Virt' Vi rt'vxiber vxiberrjo rjo`` / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2:
5 Xeru Xeruct ctrr
46
5/= Acip Acip qjrumc qjrumcjrm jrmtjio tjio / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 48 5/=/=
U 7 0g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 48
5/=/8
U 7 =6g)r =6g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 42
5/=/2
U 7 =5g)r =5g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 44
∟
∟
∟
5/8 Vxerrux Vxerruxee djrtxjh djrtxjhutji utjio o / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 41
5/2 5/2
5/8/= 5/8/=
Vxerruxe Vxerruxe bieflbjeo bieflbjeotr tr mt U 7 0g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 41
5/8/8 5/8/8
Vxerruxe Vxerruxe bieflbjeo bieflbjeotr tr mt U 7 =6g)r =6g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 40
5/8/2 5/8/2
Vxerruxe Vxerruxe bieflbjeo bieflbjeotr tr mt U 7 =5g)r =5g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 4<
5/8/4 5/8/4
Ruxambe Ruxambe hcmde hcmde vxerru vxerruxe xe mod cjgjt cjgjtjo` jo` rtxemg rtxemgcjo cjoer er / / / / / / / / / / / 4:
∟
∟
∟
Vexa Vexaixg ixgmob mobee / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 56
1 Djrb Djrbur urrj rjio io
58
1/= Bigvmxj Bigvmxjrio rio pjtl pjtl tle OXEC OXEC Vlmre Vlmre QJ e|vexjg e|vexjgeo eott / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 58 1/8 Bigvmxj Bigvmxjrio rio pjtl pjtl vxeqj vxeqjiur iur pi pixn xn / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 54 0 Biobc Biobcurj urjior ior mod mod autuxe autuxe pixn pixn
0/= 0/=
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M OXEC OXEC Vlmre Vlmre QJ hcmde hcmde dmtm
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10
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H/8 U 7 =5g)r =5g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 1: ∟
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8
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2
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OMRM OMRM Mger Omtjiom Omtjiomcc Xerem Xeremxb xbl l Beot Beotxe xe Bi Bigvc gvce| e| ,m* mod tle pmne mne ip ip qjrumcj{mtjio ia tle OXEC xitix ,h*/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
4
OXEC OXEC R<6: R<6: hcmde hcmde / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
5
8/= Rblegmt Rblegmtjb jb qjep qjep ia m pjod pjod tuxhj tuxhjoe oe bigvioeo bigvioeotr tr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / =6 8/8 Mexiaij Mexiaijcc vxice vxice mr reeo hz qjxtumc qjxtumccz cz buttjo` buttjo` m pjod tuxhjo tuxhjoee / / / / / / / / / == 8/2 8/2
Vmxtr Vm xtr ia mo mexia mexiaij ijcc / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ==
8/4 Ruggmxz Ruggmxz ia ia aixber aixber mbtj mbtjo` o` io mo mo mexiaij mexiaijcc / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / =8 8/5 Rtxemg' Rtxemg'tuhe tuhe biobevt biobevt ured ured aix Mbtum Mbtumtix tix Djrn Djrn getlid getlid / / / / / / / / / / / / =2 8/1 8/1
Qmxjmtj mxjmtjio io ia B ia B t mod B v mr auobtjio ia jodubtjio ambtix m / / / / / / / / / / / =5
8/0 Vi Vipe pexx bieflbjeo bieflbjeott qmxj qmxjmtji mtjio o pjtl TRX TRX / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / =< 2/= Gmjo rtevr rtevr ia m vxerruxe vxerruxe'hmr 'hmred ed ricutj ricutjio io / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 81 2/8 Rjo`ce Rjo`ce giq giqjo` jo` xeaexeob xeaexeobee axmge axmge / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 80 4/= Tlxee Tlxee djgeorj djgeorjiomc iomc gidec gidec ia tle tle OXEC Vlmre Vlmre QJ hcmd hcmdee / / / / / / / / / / / 8: 4/8 Mexiaij Mexiaijcc vxic vxicer er ia tle hcmde hcmde / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 26 4/2 4/2
Hcmd Hcmdee tjv tjv / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 26
4/4 Regj'bz Regj'bzcjo cjodxj dxjbmc bmc digmj digmjo o mod djgeor djgeorjio jiorr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 28 4/1 4/1
Ruxamb Ruxambee gerl gerl ia tle tle hcm hcmde de / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 28
4/0 4/0 Detmj Detmjcr cr ia tle tle gerl gerl ia tle tle hcmd hcmdee tjv / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 28 4/5 4/5
Rebtj Rebtjio io qjep qjep ia tle qicug qicugee gerl gerl rlip rlipjo jo`` lj`le lj`lexx deorj deorjtz tz ia eceg ecegeo eotr tr jo vxi|jgjtz ia tle diportxemg pmne/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 22
4/< Rebtjio Rebtjio qjep qjep ia ia tle qicug qicugee gerl gerl mt 26 % ia ia tle hcmde hcmde / / / / / / / / / / / / 24 4/: 4/: Detmj Detmjcr cr ia tle vxjrgm vxjrgmtj tjbb cmze cmzexr xr jo vxi|j vxi|jgj gjtz tz ia tle cemdjo cemdjo`` ed`e ed`e ,m* mod txmjcjo` ed`e ,h* / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 24 qjj
4/=6 Omger Omger `jqeo `jqeo ti gerl gerl vmxtr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 21 4/== Bioqex`eobe Bioqex`eobe vcit ia B ia B g mod B C mt U 7 0g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2< ∟
5/= Rtxemgc Rtxemgcjoe joerr ,ceat* ,ceat* mod biotiux biotiuxrr ,xj`lt ,xj`lt** ia xecmtjq xecmtjqee qecibj qecibjtz tz gm`ojtude gm`ojtude jo g)r/ U 7 0g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 48 ∟
5/8 Bio Biotiux tiuxrr ia qecibjt qecibjtz z gm`ojtude gm`ojtude aix aix mcc xmdjmc xmdjmc rtmtjio rtmtjiorr jo g)r/ U 7 0g)r / 42 ∟
5/2 Rtxemgc Rtxemgcjoe joerr ,ceat* ,ceat* mod biotiux biotiuxrr ,xj`lt ,xj`lt** ia xecmtjq xecmtjqee qecibj qecibjtz tz gm`ojtude gm`ojtude jo g)r/ U 7 =6g)r =6g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 42 ∟
5/4 Bio Biotiux tiuxrr ia qecibjt qecibjtz z gm`ojtude gm`ojtude aix aix mcc xmdjmc xmdjmc rtmtjio rtmtjiorr jo g)r/ U 7 =6g)r =6g)r ∟
44
5/5 Rtxemgc Rtxemgcjoe joerr ,ceat* ,ceat* mod biotiux biotiuxrr ,xj`lt ,xj`lt** ia xecmtjq xecmtjqee qecibj qecibjtz tz gm`ojtude gm`ojtude jo g)r/ U 7 =5g)r =5g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 44 ∟
5/1 Bio Biotiux tiuxrr ia qecibjt qecibjtz z gm`ojtude gm`ojtude aix aix mcc xmdjmc xmdjmc rtmtjio rtmtjiorr jo g)r/ U 7 =5g)r =5g)r ∟
45
5/0 B v mt U 7 0g)r
x)X 7 6/2
5/< B v mt U 7 0g)r
x)X 7 6/12 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 41
5/: B v mt U 7 0g)r
x)X 7 6/:5 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 41
5/=6 B v mt U 7 =6g =6g)r
x )X 7 6/2 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 40
5/== B v mt U 7 =6g =6g)r
x )X 7 6/12 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 40
5/=8 B v mt U 7 =6g =6g)r
x )X 7 6/:5 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 40
5/=2 B v mt U 7 =5g =5g)r
x )X 7 6/2 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 4<
5/=4 B v mt U 7 =5g =5g)r
x )X 7 6/12 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 4<
5/=5 B v mt U 7 =5g =5g)r
x )X 7 6/:5 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 4<
∟
∟
∟
∟
∟
∟
∟
∟
∟
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 41
5/=1 Cjgjtjo` Cjgjtjo` rtxemgcjoer pjtl biotiuxr biotiuxr ia rtmtjb ruxambe vxerruxe io tle hcmde jo Vm/ U 7 0g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 4: ∟
5/=0 Cjgjtjo` Cjgjtjo` rtxemgcjoer pjtl biotiuxr biotiuxr ia rtmtjb ruxambe vxerruxe io tle hcmde jo Vm/ U 7 =6g)r =6g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 4: ∟
5/=< Cjgjtjo` Cjgjtjo` rtxemgcjoer pjtl biotiuxr biotiuxr ia rtmtjb ruxambe vxerruxe io tle hcmde jo Vm/ U 7 =5g)r =5g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 56 ∟
5/=: E|vexjgeotmc E|vexjgeotmc mod bigvutmtjiomc bigvutmtjiomc tix}ue qmxjmtjio qmxjmtjio pjtl U
∟
/ / / / / / / / / 56
5/86 Qmxjmtjio mxjmtjio ia tle OXEC e|vexjgeotmc mod bigvutmtjiomc bigvutmtjiomc vipex iutvut mr auobtjio ia pjod rveed qecibjtz / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 5= 5/8= Blmo`e ia e|vexjgeotmc e|vexjgeotmc mod bigvutmtjiomc bigvutmtjiomc B V V mr auobtjio ia TRX
/ / / / 5=
5/88 Qmxjmtjio mxjmtjio ia bigvutmtjiomc bigvutmtjiomc mod e|vexjgeotmc B V 5= V pjtl pjod rveed / / / / / 1/= Bigvmxjrio Bigvmxjrio ia bigvutmtji bigvutmtjiomc omc xeructr xeructr ia tix}ue tix}ue ihtmjoed ihtmjoed axig axig vxeqjiur vxeqjiur pixn pixn 54 1/8 Bigvuted cjgjtjo` cjgjtjo` rtxemgcjoe rtxemgcjoerr bigvmxjrio bigvmxjrio axig 0 ti =5 g)r g)r ,tiv ti hittig* 51 qjjj
M/= OXEC OXEC Vlmre QJ pjod pjod tuxhjoe tuxhjoe hcmde hcmde dmtm dmtm / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 15 M/8 R<6: Mexia Mexiaijc ijc biixdj biixdjomte omterr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 11 H/= Axiot xiot qjep qjep ia tle tle xitix/ xitix/ U 7 =6g)r =6g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 10 ∟
H/8 H/8 RJde RJde qjep qjep ia tle pmn pmne/ e/ U 7 =6g)r =6g)r
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 1<
H/2 Tiv qjep qjep ia tle tle pmn pmne/ e/ U 7 =6g)r =6g)r
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 1<
∟
∟
H/4 Axiot xiot qjep qjep ia tle tle xitix xitix U 7 =5g)r =5g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 1: ∟
H/5 Rjde qjep qjep ia tle pmn pmnee U 7 =5g)r =5g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 06 ∟
H/1 Tiv qjep qjep ia tle pmn pmnee U 7 =5g)r =5g)r / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 06 ∟
j|
Cjrt ia Tmhcer =/= Pixcd titmc titmc vxjgmx vxjgmxz z eoex`z eoex`z ruvvc ruvvcz z / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
=
=/8 Vlmrer Vlmrer ia tle OXEC OXEC Vlmre Vlmre QJ e|vexjg e|vexjgeo eott / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
4
4/= Oughex Oughex ia ecegeo ecegeotr tr mod oider oider hz hz vmxtr vmxtr mod titmc titmc / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 25 4/8 Mrrj`o Mrrj`oed ed hiuod hiuodmxz mxz biodjtj biodjtjior ior / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 20 4/2 Rvmtjmc Rvmtjmc Djrbxet Djrbxetj{mt j{mtjio jio rbleg rblegee / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2< 4/4 Gmbljo Gmbljoee rvebjbmt rvebjbmtjio jiorr / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2<
|
Blmvtex =
Jotxidubtjio =/=
Pixcd ixcd Eoex Eoex`z `z Tidmz idmz
Pixcd‚r cmx`ert ebioigjer mxe ti ambe jgvixtmot blmcceo`er jo tle oe|t oemx autuxe> eoex`z degmod jr oit cjnecz ti debxemre mod rjguctmoeiurcz tle oeed aix rljatjo` axig airrjc auec ti xeoepmhce riuxber lmr hebige m vxjixjtz/ Eqeo tliu`l pixcd‚r ebioigjer mxe rtjcc jo mo uobextmjo omobjmc rjtumtjio# jo 86=6 tle pixcd eoex`z biorugvtjio `xep 5/1 % jo 86=6 pljbl jr tle cmx`ert jobxemre rjobe =:02 ^=W ^=W pjtl airrjc auecr rtjcc hejo` tle gmkix riuxbe ia eoex`z mr bmo he reeo jo Tmhce =/= ^8W/ ^8W Tmhce =/=; Pixcd titmc vxjgmxz eoex`z ruvvcz ^8W Auec Ijc Bimc Omtuxmc `mr Hjiaue Hji auecr cr mod pmrte pmrte Oubcemx Lzdxi Itlex+
% 28/< 80/2 86/: =6/88 =6/ 5/< 8/2 6/<
+Itlex jobcuder ricmx# pjod# lemt# `eitlexgmc etb/
Airrjc auecr mxe tle gmjo bmure ia tle eoqjxiogeotmc blmo`er tlmt iux vcmoet jr e|ve' xjeobjo` rubl mr @xeeoliure estebt mod mjx viccutjio pjtl djxebt biore}ueober io lugmo lemctl# auxtlex rige ia tle gmkix biuotxjer e|vixtjo` ijc vetxiceug mxe jo xmtlex uortmhce vicjtjbmc mod ebioigjbmc rjtumtjior jobcudjo` pmxr/ Tlere cjrted aemtuxer# mxe mgio` tle gmoz tlmt bmured gmoz biuotxjer ti mdivt oep eoex`z vicjbjer mjged mt mddxerrjo` bcjgmte blmo`er mod `mtlexed ti`etlex jo ougexiur ibbmrjior rubl mr tle Nziti Vxitibic jo =::0 plexe gixe tlmo =16 biuotxjer uodex tle
=
Uojted Omtjior Axmgepixn Bioqeotjio io Bcjgmte Blmo`e ,UOABB* xembled mo m`xee' geot jgvirjo` ti tle 20 girt jodurtxjmcjred jodurtxjmcjred ebioigjer ti debxemre `xeeoliure `xeeoliure `mr ,@L@* egjrrjior ti m ceqec ia 5 % bigvmxed ti =::6 ceqecr iqex m vexjid ia 5 zemxr axig 866< ti 86=8 ^2W ^2W// M rjgjcmx UO bioaexeobe tiin vcmbe jo Debeghex 866: jo Biveolm`eo ^4W ^4W pljbl xejoaixbed tle `imc ti ret tle gm|jgug tegvexmtuxe xjre axig tle vxe'jodurtxjmc exm ti 8 B/ Ruhre}ueotcz# @: geghex biuotxjer xembled mo m`xeegeot jo Kucz ia tle rmge zemx ◡
jo pljbl m xedubtjio ia `cihmc egjrrjior ia 56 % hz 8656 pmr ret/ Eqeo tliu`l oi rvebjb rtxmte`z pmr `jqeo ti xembl tlire tmx`etr ^4W ^4W## xeoepmhce xeoepmhce eoex`z riuxber rubl mr pjod mod ruocj`lt lmqe e|vexjeobed m cmx`e deqecivgeot jo tle cmrt zemxr mod ja vxivexcz deqecived biucd jobxemre jtr rlmxe jo tle `cihmc eoex`z ruvvcz/ Aix e|mgvce# mbbixdjo` ti Kmbih mod Gmrtexr ^5W ^5W## ja 8=4#666'821#666 pjod tuxhjoer ia =/5 GP xmtjo` pexe jortmcced jo tle U/R/# xiu`lcz 16 % ia bijc `eoexmted eoex`z biucd he xevcmbed hz pjod eoex`z# tlur bigvczjo` pjtl tle Nziti Vxitibic/
=/8 =/8
Iqex Iqexqj qjep ep ia ia Pjod Pjod Eoe Eoex` x`z z
Tle ure ia pjod mr m aixg ia eoex`z dmter axig 5666 H/B/ jo E`zvt plexe veivce v eivce omqj`mted omqj`mted tle Ojce Xjqex io rmjc himtr vipexed hz pjod/ Pjodgjccr pexe xrt utjcjred jo Bljom tleo jo tle Gjddce Gjddce Emrt aix aiid vxiberrj vxiberrjo` o` hz tle ==tl beotuxz beotuxz// Tleo# Tleo# Euxivemor Euxivemor jgvixted jgvixted tljr tebloici`z ti di geblmojbmc pixn mr ervebjmccz reeo jo tle Oetlexcmodr aix dxmjojo` cmner mod xjqexr ,Aj`uxe =/= */
Oetlexcmodr ^1WW Aj`uxe =/=; Dutbl pjodgjccr# Pixcd Lexjtm`e Rjte# Njodexdjkn# Tle Oetlexcmodr^1
Pjtl tle mdqeot ia tle Jodurtxjmc Exm# pjodgjccr biotjoued ti he ured mod tipmxdr 8
tle eod ia tle ojoeteeotl beotuxz xrt e|vexjgeotr tiin vcmbe xrt jo tle URM mod cmtex jo Deogmxn ti `eoexmte ecebtxjbjtz ecebtxjbjtz axig pjod/ Matexpmxdr# Matexpmxdr# zemxr ia cip jotexert jo pjod eoex`z he`mo mod cmrted tjcc tle ijc bxjrjr jo tle =:06‚r# pljbl bmured gmoz biuotxjer ti reen oep aixgr ia eoex`z riuxber ^1W/ ^1W/ Oipmdmzr pjod vipex jr m auccz mbtjqe biotxjhutix ti ecebtxjbjtz vxidubtjio mod mr xevixted jo ^0W ^0W jo tle cmrt tpi debmder tlexe lmqe heeo txegeodiur mdqmober jo tle eoex`z eflbjeobz ia pjod tuxhjoer# jo ambt m 8661 pjod tuxhjoe piucd vxidube =<6 tjger gixe ecebtxjbjtz tlmo ioe mt tle rmge cibmtjio jortmcced 86 zemxr heaixe mod mt lmca tle birt vex njcipmtt'liux ,nPl*/ Ciinjo` mt Tmhce =/=# =/=# pjod eoex`z mr vmxt ia xeoepmhce eoex`z iocz xevxereotr m rgmcc axmbtjio ia tle titmc `cihmc eoex`z ruvvcz# lipeqex tle rmge jr oit txue aix gmoz Pertexo biuotxjer> biuotxjer> aix jortmobe jo tle Euxivemo Uojio# jo 8665# eoex`z vxidubed vxi dubed hz pjod xeriuxber pmr 8/< % mod jr ret ti xembl 88/1 % hz 8626 ^0W ^0W// Rjgjcm Rjgjcmxx jr tle rbeomxji rbeomxji aix tle Uojted Uojted Rtmter plexe jo 866< pjod eoex`z mgiuoted ti 8/0 % mod jr aixereeo tlmt jt pjcc xembl 86% hz 8626 ^< ^
^:W Aj`uxe =/8; Tiv =6 Biuotxjer hz Pjod Eoex`z Bmvmbjtz ^:W
2
=/2
OXEC OXEC Uortem Uortemdz dz Mexidz Mexidzomg omgjbr jbr E|vexj E|vexjgeo geott Vlmre Vlmre QJ
Mctliu`l tle iqexmcc ip vlzrjbr ia pjod tuxhjoer pmr uodexrtiid# e|vexjgeotmc dmtm pexe oeeded ti vxigite mdqmobe jo tebloici`z mod ti bioxg tleixetjbmc mod ougexjbmc gidecr/ Tljr tmrn pmr mddxerred hz gixe tlmo ioe xeremxbl beotxe rubl mr tle Omtjiomc Xeoepmhce Eoex`z Cmhixmtixz jo tle URM mod cmtex hz m biorixtjug bigvired gmjocz hz euxivemo jortjtutjior omged GE\JBI ,Gidec xitix E\vexjgeotr Jo BIotxicced BIodj' tjior* biobcuded jo 8661/
,m*
,h*
Aj`uxe =/2; OMRM Mger Omtjiomc Xeremxbl Beotxe Bigvce| ,m* mod tle pmne ip qjrumcj{mtjio ia tle
OXEC xitix ,h*/
Jo tljr xevixt# `jqeo tle cmx`e mgiuot ia cjtexmtuxe# tle e|vexjgeot bmxxjed iut hz tle OXEC pjcc he tle ioe ured aix BAD rjgucmtjio# omgecz OXEC Uortemdz Mexidzomgjbr E|vexjgeot ,UME* Vlmre QJ ^=6W ^=6W ^==W/ ==W/ Tljr e|vexjgeot tiin vcmbe jo 8666 mt tle OMRM Mger Xeremxbl Beotxe <6 at Ð =86 at pjod tuooec ,tle cmx`ert pjod tuooec jo tle pixcd*/ Tle pjod tuooec lmr bmvmhjcjtz ia xembljo` rveed jo tle tert rebtjio uv ti 56 g)r hut jo tle e|vexjgeot# rveed xmo`ed axig 5 ti 85 g)r pljbl bixxerviodr ti xemc but'jo mod pjod rveedr rveedr mod jtr tzvjb tzvjbmc mc tuxhuceobe tuxhuceobe joteorj joteorjtz tz jr `eoexmcc `eoexmccz z cerr cerr tlmo 6/5 %/ Jo but'ist pjod `uxe Tmhce =/8 m ruggmxz ia tle djstexeot e|vexjgeotmc vlmrer jr rlipo/ Tmhce =/8; Vlmrer ia tle OXEC Vlmre QJ e|vexjgeot ^=6W n` Mjx Mjx Deor Deorjt jtz z ,g *
Pjod Pjod rveed veed , g * r
Xitm Xitmtj tjio iomc mc rveed rveed ,XV G * G *
=
=/844
5/6
0=/0
8
=/841
0/6
0=/:
2
=/841
=6/6
08/=
4
=/880
=2/=
08/=
5
=/884
=5/=
08/=
1
=/88=
86/=
08/6
0
=/886
85/=
08/=
Bmre Bmre
2
Tle xitix aemtuxed m xmted vipex ia =:/< nP pjtl tpi tpjrted hcmder hmred io tle 4
R<6: mexiaijc pjtl m djmgetex ia =6/= g ,ree Aj`uxe =/4*/ =/4*/ Tle xitmtjio xitmtjiomc mc rveed pmr nevt biortmot aix embl vlmre ia tle e|vexjgeot mt m qmcue ia xiu`lcz 08 XVG/ Tle xitix pmr ruvvixted hz m 6/4 g djmgetex tipex pjtl lej`lt ia =8/8 g ,ree Aj`uxe =/2*/ =/2*/ Zmped mod oio'zmped ip bio`uxmtjior pexe terted mr pecc mr uvpjod mod dipopjod ioer/ Ioe hcmde ia tle xitix pmr e}ujvved pjtl vxerruxe tmvr mt 26# 40# 12# <6 mod :5 % ia tle hcmde rvmo mccipjo` ti lmqe vxerruxe xemdjo` mod ruhre}ueotcz# qmcuer ia Bo# Bt mod Bg pexe ihtmjoed/
^=6WW Aj`uxe =/4; OXEC R<6: hcmde ^=6
5
=/4
Gitj Gitjq qmtji mtjio o mod mod Ihkeb Ihkebtj tjq qer
Pjod vipex lmr `xemt viteotjmc ti jobxemre jtr eflbjeobz mod tlexeaixe jtr deqecivgeot/ Mexidzomgjbr jr ioe ia tle gmkix ambtix tlmt mstebtr tle auobtjiojo` ia pjod tuxhjoer mod tle OXEC e|vexjgeot pmr jodeed mjged mt ihtmjojo` m bcemx iqexqjep ia tle ip helmqjiux helmqjiux mcio` pjtl rtxubtuxmc dzomgjbr/ dzomgjbr/ Hut mcri meximbiurtjbr# mexiecmrtjbjtz mexiecmrtjbjtz## pjod amxg derj`o mod hiuodmxz cmzexr dzomgjbr mxe jgvixtmot xecmted rbjeotjb ecdr tlmt oeed ti he hettex e|vcixed ^==W ^==W// Vxjix ti xebeot e|vexjgeotr# tleixetjbmc gidecr rubl mr tle Mbtumtix Djrn Getlid pexe deqecived mod pexe mhce ti `jqe }ujte mbbuxmte xeructr aix vexaixgmobe vxedjbtjio# tleo jgvxiqegeotr pexe mbljeqed pjtl tle Hcmde Ecegeot Getlid pljbl mcciped ti ciin bcirex mt tle dzomgjbr ia xitmtjo` hcmder hut pmr gmjocz qmcjd jo tpi djgeorjior mod mvvxi|jgmte bixxebtjior lmd ti he gmde ti ihtmjo xemcjrtjb tlxee'djgeorjiomc xeructr/ Tlere getlidr mxe tlexeaixe oit eoiu`l ti vxi`xerr jo pjod vipex/ M }ujte xebeot mctexomtjqe bmge axig Bigvutmtjiomc Acujd Dzomgjbr pljbl tlmonr ti e|vexjgeotr rubl mr tle OXEC Vlmre QJ# biucd xecz io m qmcjdmtjio tiic/ Tle `imc ia tljr xeremxbl xeremxbl vxikebt vxi kebt jr jodeed ti xevxidube tle OXEC Vlmre QJ e|vexjgeot e|vexjgeot hz urjo` tle biggexbjmc BAD vmbnm`e bmcced MORZR ACUEOT/ Ti mbljeqe tljr# m oughex ia rtevr# pljbl mcri xevxereot ihkebtjqer ia tljr pixn# pexe cmjd iut mt tle he`joojo` ia tle vxikebt pljbl bmo he ruggmxjred mr aiccipr; =/ Xeremxbl mod mb}ujxe hmrjb noipced`e ia pjod tuxhjoe mexidzomgjbr mod xecmted ougexjbmc gideccjo`> 8/ Bmxxz iut e|teorjqe xemdjo` ia xecmted rbjeotjb vuhcjbmtjior ix moz xeceqmot dibu' geotmtjio> 2/ @eoexmte mo mde}umte gerl aix tle vxihceg> 4/ Jdeotjaz mod mvvcz m bixxebt rjgucmtjio retuv> 5/ E|txmbt xeructr mod bigvmxe pjtl e|vexjgeotmc dmtm mod xeructr axig vxeqjiur ou' gexjbmc rtudjer> 1/ Jdeotjaz riuxbe ia exxixr/
1
=/5
Cjte Cjtexm xmtu tuxe xe xeqj xeqjep ep
Ioe qexz jgvixtmot rtm`e jo tle vxi`xerr ia tle vxikebt jr ti mb}ujxe mr gubl joaixgmtjio xe`mxdjo` vmrt mod buxxeot rtmte ia tle pjod tuxhjoe mexidzomgjbr vmzjo` vmxtjbucmx mtteotjio ti plmt lmr heeo mbljeqed jo BAD xe`mxdjo` tle OXEC UME e|vexjgeot/ Jo 8666# jo biokuobtjio pjtl tle OXEC xevixt xecemre m titmc oughex ia =< jortjtutjior axig Euxive mod tle Uojted Rtmter vmxtjbjvmted jo gideccjo` tle e|vexjgeot urjo` dja' aexeot gidecr rubl mr Vmoec mod Qixte| getlidr# HEG mod OR ricqexr/ Tle xeructr mod bigvmxjrio pexe vuhcjrled jo ^=8W ^=8W// Tle OXEC UME e|vexjgeot vxiqjded ti he mo jgvixtmot qmcjdmtjio tiic aix m pjde xmo`e ia bigvutmtjiomc getlidr mod matex tle xecemre ia tljr gmtexjmc# m cmx`e oughexr ia rbjeotjb rbjeotjb vmvexr lmqe heeo vuhcjrled vuhcjrled hz jortjtutjior jortjtutjior axig gmoz biuotxjer/ biuotxjer/ Rjobe xevixtjo` m aucc cjrt ia vmvexr piucd m qexz cmhixjiur vxiberr# iocz tle girt jgvixtmot mod tle ioer tlmt lmqe heeo ia `xemt lecv aix tljr vxikebt pjcc he xevixted/ Tle VlD tlerer hz Bmxbmo`ju ^=2 ^=2WW mod Jqmoecc ^=4W# ^=4W# vxiqjded ti he jgvixtmot dibugeotr aix tle rbive ia tljr vxikebt# `jqjo` jgvixtmot rvebjb detmjcr xe`mxdjo` tle rjgucmtjio ia pjod tuxhjoer# jo vmxtjbucmx# tle tlerjr hz Bmxbmo`ju vxiqjded ureauc `ujdecjoer aix pjod tuxhjoer gideccjo` urjo` tle bide ACUEOT/ E}umccz# Gmrtex‚r tlerer mcri pexe aiuod ti `jqe ureauc joaixgmtjio io tljr tivjb rubl mr tle ioe axig Bleo ^=5W ^=5W mod Gi{mamxj ^=1W# ^=1W# pjtl tle aixgex xe`mxdjo` tle rjgucmtjio ia tle OXEC e|vexjgeot mod tle cmttex biobexojo` tle ougexjbmc gideccjo` ia m tjdmc tuxhjoe# hitl urjo` ACUEOT/ Jortemd# @uvtm ^=0W ^=0W gidjed tle bide VUGM8 ti biodubt Cmx`e Eddz Rjgucmtjio ,CER* jobcudjo` tle OXEC e|vexjgeot> @uvtm mcri biccmhixmted pjtl Re{ex'U{ic mod Cio` ti bmxxz iut m bigvmxjrio ia joqjrbjd mod CER xeructr ^=
m mthmbn ioe/ Xe`mxdjo` BAD rtudjer ia tle OXEC pjtl tle ure ia tle ACUEOT bide# tle aiccipjo` gmtexjmc pmr mcri aiuod; ^82W ^84W ^84W ^85W ^85W ^81W 81W ^80W/ 80W/
<
Blmvtex 8
Mexidzomgjbr mod Vexaixgmobe ia Pjod Tuxhjoer 8/= 8/=
Iqex Iqexq qjep jep
Tlexe mxe tpi gmjo bmte`ixjer ia Pjod tuxhjoer# omgecz Lixj{iotmc M|jr Pjod Tuxhjoer ,LMPT* mod Qextjbmc M|jr Pjod Tuxhjoer ,QMPT*/ ,QMPT*/ LMPTr bigvmxed ti QMPTr lmqe lj`lex lj`lex vip vipex ex iutvutr iutvutr gmnjo` gmnjo` tleg gixe birt'est birt'estebtj ebtjqe qe## tlexeaix tlexeaixee mxe tidmz tidmz tle girt girt biggio biggio ured biobevt/ biobevt/ Lipe Lipeqe qexx LMPTr LMPTr ivexmte mt tlejx tlejx gm|jg gm|jgug ug iocz ja tle }umcjt }umcjtz z ia tle pjod jr lj`l# tlmt jr aix cip tuxhuceobe joteorjtz plexemr QMPTr bmo rtjcc ivexmte eflbjeotcz ^8
8/8
Pixnjo` ixnjo` vxjobj vxjobjvce vcerr ia LMPTr LMPTr
Pjod tuxhjoer `eoexmte vipex hz e|txmbtjo` njoetjb eoex`z axig tle pjod mod txmoraixg' jo` jt jo geblmojbmc eoex`z mod uctjgmtecz txmoraixged jo ecebtxjbmc eoex`z qjm m `eoexmtix/ Mr tle mjx vmrrer tlxiu`l tle xitix# tlexe pjcc he m aixbe djrtxjhutjio mbtjo` io tle hcmde# pljbl ruhre}ueotcz `eoexmter m tix}ue mbtjo` mhiut tle xitix rlmat ^=4W/ ^=4W/ Tl Tlee vxibe vxiberr rr hetpeeo tle rlmat mod `eoexmtix bmo he ia djstexeot tzver mod hecip jr m cjrt ia tle girt buxxeotcz ured ioer ^=4 ^=4WW ,Aj`uxe 8/= rlipr tle gmjo bigvioeotr ia LMPTr*; =/ Pjod tuxhjoe pjtl `emxhi|# mcri bmcced Dmojrl biobevt biobevt ; Tle xitix rlmat jr biooebted ti tle `eoexmtix tlxiu`l m `emxhi| tlmt jobxemrer tle mo`ucmx qecibjtz> 8/ Pjod tuxhjoe pjtl `emxhi|; Tljr jr m oepex biobevt mod dier oit xe}ujxe m `emxhi| pljbl jr ruhrtjtuted hz m djxebt dxjqe> :
2/ Lzhxjd; Tljr tzve jr m bighjomtjio ia tle vxeqjiur tpi# mod vxereotr m `emxhi| pjtl aepex rtevr/ Hut due ti tljr# tle rj{e ia tle `eoexmtix lmr ti he cmx`ex/
^1W Aj`uxe 8/=; Rblegmtjb qjep ia m pjod tuxhjoe bigvioeotr ^1W
Tle eoqjxiogeotmc mjx ip jr oit biotjouiur mod jr ruhkebted ti irbjccmtjior jo jtr gm`ojtud gm`ojtudee mod djxebtjio/ djxebtjio/ Ti iqexbi iqexbige ge tljr# tljr# gidexo gidexo tuxhjoe tuxhjoerr mxe mhce mhce ti blmo`e blmo`e vjtbl vjtbl mod ti zmp/ zmp/ Auxtlex# uxtlex# mo`ucmx mo`ucmx qecibj qecibjtz tz bmo mcri mcri he mdkurted mdkurted aiccip aiccipjo` jo` tle blmo`e blmo`e jo tle pjod rveed/ Tle pjod rveed mt pljbl m tuxhjoe rtmxtr ivexmtjo` jr bmcced but'jo mod jr mhiut 2/5 g)r# tleo tle qecibjtz mt pljbl jt rtivr jr bmcced but'ist # tljr qmcue jr detexgjoed hz tle pjod tuxhjoe gmouambtuxe# mctliu`l `eoexmccz jr mxiuod 85 g)r# tle XVG jr mcri cjgjted aix rmaetz xemrior ^=2 ^=2W/ W/ Aiccipjo` tlere xemriojo`# itlex tlxee bmte`ixjer bmo he cjrted mr aiccipr ^=4W ^=4W;; =/ Vjtb Vjtbl l biot biotxic xic;; Mr pjod pjod rveed rveed jobxe jobxemre mrer# r# tle vjtbl vjtbl mo`c mo`cee bmo he gidj gidjed ed jo ixdex ixdex ti vxivexcz mdkurt mdkurt ti tle pjod djxebtjio djxebtjio// Tljr Tljr lecvr lecvr tle tuxhjoe tuxhjoe ti xembl xembl tle xmted vipex> 8/ Rtmcc biotxic; Mr aix tle OXEC Vlmre QJ tuxhjoe# hcmder mxe derj`oed ti pixn pecc pjtljo pjtljo m rvebjb rvebjb xmo`e ia pjod pjod rveedr/ rveedr/ Mhiqe Mhiqe tljr# tljr# tle hcmder hcmder pjcc pjcc eobiuotex eobiuotex rtmcc mod tlur m cjat dxiv pjcc he e|vexjeobed/ Tle gm|jgug vipex iutvut ibbuxr mt tle rtmcc rveed> 2/ Mbtjqe Mbtjqe rtmcc; Iobe Iobe tle xmted xmted vip vipex ex jr mblje mbljeqe qed# d# rtmcc rtmcc jr qicuo qicuotmxj tmxjcz cz jojtjm jojtjmcjr cjred ed hz vjtbljo` tle hcmder/ =6
8/2
Mexid Mexidzo zomg mgjb jbrr ia ia mex mexia iaijc ijcrr
Momczrjo` m rebtjio qjep ia m pjod tuxhjoe# jt biucd he bcemxcz reeo tlmt tle bxirr rebtjio ia tle hcmde lmr tle rlmve ia mo mexiaijc vxice ,Aj`uxe 8/8*# 8/8*# jo ambt m hcmde jr hujct urjo` mexiaijc vxicer mt djstexeot mo`cer mod blixdr hecio`jo` ti ioe ix gixe mexiaijc amgjcjer/ Jt bmo he tleo uodexrtiid xrt ia mcc# tlmt m tpi'djgeorjiomc mexidzomgjbr ia mo mexiaijc gurt he momczred/
Aj`uxe 8/8; Mexiaijc vxice mr reeo hz qjxtumccz but'
tjo` m pjod tuxhjoe hcmde ^1W ^ 1W
Aj`uxe 8/2; Vmxtr ia mo mexiaijc
Tle cjtexmtuxe xe`mxdjo` mexiaijcr jr pjde ,aix e|mgvce ^8:W ^8:W ^26W* ^26W* tlexeaixe iocz m hxjea xeqjep pjcc he xevixted/ Mr rlipo jo Aj`uxe 8/2# 8/2# m tzvjbm tzvjbmcc mexiaij mexiaijcc lmr mo uvvex mod cipex cipex ruxambe/ ruxambe/ Tle rlmxv xemx mod tle riat axiot eodr ia tle mexiaijc mxe bmcced txmjcjo` ed`e mod cemdjo` ed`e xerveb' tjqecz mod tle cjoe tlmt biooebtr tleg jr omged blixd cjoe mod jtr titmc ceo`tl jr b/ Tle gm|jgug djrtmobe hetpeeo tle blixd cjoe mod gemo bmghex cjoe jr bmcced bmghex / Tle mo`ce hetpeeo tle blixd cjoe mod tle djxebtjio ia tle jobigjo` mjx ip jr omged mo`ce ia mttmbn # ν/ Mr tle pjod ipr iqex tle mexiaijc# qecibjtz pjcc jobxemre io tle uvvex ruxambe mod debxemre io tle cipex ioe# mddjtjiomccz# mbbixdjo` ti tle Hexoiuccj‚r vxjobjvce; = 8 ύU . v 7 6 8 lj`lex vxerruxe pjcc ibbux io tle hittig mod cipex vxerruxe io tle uvvex vmxt/ ==
,8/=*
Mr bmo he ree jo Aj`uxe 8/4 tle mjx ipjo` iqex tle mexiaijc `eoexmter tpi aixber# ioe vijotjo` uvpmxd mod vexveodjbucmx ti tle pjod rveed djxebtjio bmcced cjat C# C# mod ioe vijotjo` vmxmccec mod jo ivvirjte djxebtjio ia tle pjod omgecz dxm` D bmured hz vxerruxe djrtxjhutjio mod axjbtjio aixbe/ Tle xeructmot aixbe ia cjat mod dxm` jr bmcced oixgmc aixbe O / Auxtlex# tljr aixbe djrtxjhutjio mbtjo` io tle mexiaijc pjcc bxemte m gigeot aixbe pljbl urumccz mbtr mt m }umxtex ia tle blixd ceo`tl/
Aj`uxe 8/4; Ruggmxz ia aixber mbtjo` io mo mexiaijc
Mr tle mo`ce ia mttmbn jobxemrer ri pjcc cjat mod dxm` rtemdjcz uv ti m vijot plexe tle ip pjcc revmxmte axig tle mexiaijc# mt tljr vijot# tle mexiaijc jr rmjd ti lmqe xembled rtmcc /
8/4
Pjod Pjod tux tuxhj hjoe oe mex mexidz idzom omgj gjbr br tle tleix ixz z
Iqex Iqex tle tle zemxr# emxr# rj{e rj{e ia pjod pjod tuxhj tuxhjoe oerr jobxe jobxemr mred ed e|vio e|vioeo eotjm tjmcc ccz z mod ri djd djd tle ceq ceqec ia bigvce|jtz bigvce|jtz## tlexeaixe tle tleo ured getlidr lmd ti he jgvxiqed jgvxiqed axig Gigeotug Tleixz tjcc tle oipmdmzr riatpmxer bmvmhce ia ricqjo` Omqjex'Rtiner e}umtjior/ Jo tljr vmxm`xmvl m hxjea xeqjep ia tle girt jgvixtmot gidecr ured aix pjod tuxhjoer vexaixgmobe mod mexidzomgjbr pjcc he jccurtxmted/ Mr ruggmxjred jo ^=2 ^=2WW mod ^=4W ^=4W## tle girt biggio gidecr ured aix tle rtudz ia pjod tuxhjoer ix itlex xitmtjo` gmbljoexjer mxe mr aiccipr; =/ Mbtumtix Djrn Getlid 8/ Hcmde Ecegeot Getlid 2/ Omqjex'Rtiner e}umtjior ricqexr
=8
8/4/ 8/4/= =
Mbtu Mbtumt mtix ix djr djrn n getl getlid id
Tljr getlid# lexe hejo` mvvcjed jo ='D# jr qexz ureauc aix momczrjo` tle eoex`z e|txmbted hz tle xitix eqeo tliu`l tliu`l oi joaixgm joaixgmtjio tjio jr `jqeo `jqeo aix tle xitix jtreca/ jtreca/ Mr bmo he h e reeo jo vjbtuxe hecip ,Aj`uxe 8/5* 8/5* tle xitix jr xevxereoted hz m djrn# tle jobigjo` axee rtxemg ip ip jr eobci eobcire red d jo m ri'b ri'bmc mcce ced d rtxemg rtxemg't 'tuhe uhe pjtl pjtl m rgmc rgmcce cexx xmdju xmdjurr tlmo tlmo tle djrn djrn## tleo tleo diportxemg tle xitix tle rmge rtxemg'tuhe biobevt jr mvvcjed ti tle ip hut pjtl m cmx`ex xmdjur/
Aj`uxe 8/5; Rtxemg'tuhe biobevt ured aix Mbtumtix Djrn getlid
Tlxu Tl xurt rt T jr deoed mr hejo` tle aixbe mbtjo` io tle rtxemg pjre djxebtjio mod jr ihtmjoed hz tle vxerruxe djstexeobe hetpeeo tle tpi amber ia tle xitix; T 7 ∁ vM
,8/8*
plexe M 7 φx 8 jr tle mxem biqexed hz tle xitix mod x jr tle xmdjur ia tle xitix/ Mr bmo he reeo jo Aj`uxe 8/5# 8/5# U xevxereotr tle axeertxemg mjx qecibjtz# U d jr tle ip ∟
rveed `ijo` tlxiu`l tle xitix mod U p jr tle tle ioe jo tle pmne xe`jio/ Jo urjo` tljr gidec tle ip jr mrruged rtmtjioexz# axjbtjiocerr mod jobigvxerrjhce ^2=W ^2=W tlexeaixe tle Hexoiuccj‚r Hexoiuccj‚r vxjobjvce bmo he mvvcjed tlxiu`l tle rtxemg tuhe mod mo e}umtjio e}umtjio aix tle vxerruxe djstexeobe ibbuxxjo` tlxiu`l tle xitix bmo he aiuod; = ∁ v 7 ύ,U 8 8
∟
8
∘ U p *
,8/2*
Hz mvvczjo` gigeotug jote`xmc e}umtjio ti m biotxic qicuge ruxxiuodjo` mcc rtxemg tuher# tle aiccipjo` xecmtjio bmo he dexjqed; T 7 ύU dM,U
∟
∘ U p *
=2
7g ˚ ,U
∟
∘ U p *
,8/4*
plex pl exee g ˚ jr bmcced tle gmrr ip xmte / Tleo bighjojo` e}umtjior ,8/8 ,8/8*# *# ,8/2* 8/2* mod ,8/4 ,8/4** tle aiccipjo` xecmtjio bmo he dexjqed; = U d 7 ,U . U p * 8 ∟
,8/5*
Pljbl gemor tlmt tle ip tlxiu`l tle xitix txmqecr mt m qecibjtz pljbl jr tle gemo qmcue ia tle axeertxemg mod diportxemg ioer/ Hz tleo mvvczjo` Eoex`z E}umtjio ti tljr biotxic qicuge# mo e|vxerrjio aix tle Vipex bmo he mcri aiuod mr aiccipr; = V 7 ύuM, ύuM,U 8 8
∟
8
∘ U p *
,8/1*
Tleo tle aiccipjo` m|jmc jodubtjio ambtix# m bmo he jotxidubed; U d 7 ,= ∘ m*U
∟
,8/0*
tleo bighjojo` e}umtjio ,8/0 ,8/0** mod ,8/5 ,8/5** tle aiccipjo` bmo he ihtmjoed; U p 7 ,= ∘ 8m*U
∟
,8/<*
ja tleo ,8/< ,8/<** jr ruhrtjtuted jo ,8/0 ,8/0** mod ,8/4 ,8/4*; *; V 7 8ύU 2 m,= ∘ m*8 M
,8/:*
T 7 8ύU 8 m,= ∘ m*M
,8/=6*
∟
mod
∟
Tleo mqmjcmhce vipex bmo he deoed mr; = V mqc ύMU 2 mqc 7 8
∟
,8/==*
aix pljbl m djgeorjiomc vmxmgetex# omgecz B V V bmo he deoed mr; B V V 7
V = 2 M ύU ∟ 8
Cjnepjre# tlxurt bieflbjeot # B t jr `jqeo hz;
=4
,8/=8*
B t 7
T = ύU 8 M 8
,8/=2*
∟
Ja B V 8/1* V mod B t mxe vcitted m`mjort qmxjmtjio ia tle m|jmc jodubtjio ambtix m ,Aj`uxe 8/1* rige jgvixtmot aemtuxer bmo he ihrexqed/
^2=W Aj`uxe 8/1; Qmxjmtjio ia B t mod B v mr auobtjio ia jodubtjio ambtix m ^2=W
Tle gm|jgug B V V 7
=1 # 80
pljbl ibbuxr aix m 7 =2 # jr noipo mr tle Het{ cjgjt # mod m 7 =
aix m 7 6/5/ Jt gurt he xegeghexed tlmt tljr tleixz biorjdexr mo jdemc pjod tuxhjoe mod jr noipo tlmt aix ambtixr `xemtex tlmo 6/5 tljr tleixz jr oi gixe qmcjd due ti jobxemre jo tle bigvce|jtz jo tle ip helmqjiux> auxtlex m xemc ip cemdr ti m debxemre jo tle qmcue ia B V#gm| ^28W; W; V#gm| due ti tle aiccipjo`r ^28 •
Xitmtjio ia tle pmne diportxemg tle xitix>
•
Ajojte oughex ia hcmder mod xecmted cirrer>
•
Mexidzomgjb dxm`/
Tle vipex iutvut ia tle xitix bmo mcri he e|vxerred jo texgr ia eflbjeobz; ΰiqexmcc 7
V iut iut 7 ΰgeblB V V = 2 ύMU 8
,8/=4*
plexe ΰgebl jr tle geblmojbmc# ix ecebtxjbmc# eflbjeobz ia tle bigvioeotr ia tle pjod tuxhjoe/ Oe|t tle estebt ia xitmtjio pjcc he jobcuded jo tle mhiqe e|vcmjoed cjoemx gigeotug tleixz/ tleixz/ Ja ϊ jr ured ti deoite tle mo`ucmx qecibjtz mvvcjed ti tle ip mod ℡ ti deoite =5
tle mbtumc mo`ucmx qecibjtz ia tle tuxhjoe xitix mod m biotxic qicuge jr bxemted xitmtjo` mt tle rmge ℡# tle eoex`z e}umtjio bmo he mvvcjed jo ixdex ti ihtmjo mo e|vxerrjio aix tle vxerruxe djstexeobe hetpeeo kurt uvrtxemg mod diportxemg ia tle xitix ^28 ^28W; W; = v8 ∘ v2 7 ύ,℡ . ϊ*ϊx 8 8
,8/=5*
jt jr mcxemdz heeo ihrexqed jo e}umtjio ,8/8 ,8/8** tlmt tle tix}ue jr e}umc ti vxerruxe djstex' eobe guctjvcjed hz mxem# tlexeaixe ja ,8/=5 ,8/=5** jr guctjvcjed hz mo ecegeot ia ceo`tl dM tle tlxurt aix rmjd ecegeot# dT # dT # jr; = dT 7 , v8 ∘ v2 *dM 7 ^ύ,℡ . ϊ *ϊx 8 W8φxdx W8φxdx 8
,8/=1*
Tleo mo mo`ucmx jodubtjio ambtix m bmo he e|vxerred mr; ϊ 8℡
m 7
,8/=0*
Tlexeaixe ,8/=1 ,8/=1** hebiger; = dT 7 4m,= . m* ύ℡8 x8 8φxdx 8
,8/=<*
Gixeiqex# m tlxurt e|vxerrjio bmo mcri he pxjtteo jo texgr ia tle m|jmc jodubtjio ambtix m; = dT 7 4m,= ∘ m* ύU 8 8φxdx 8 ∟
,8/=:*
Ja tleo ,8/=: ,8/=:** mod ,8/=< ,8/=<** mxe ret e}umc ti embl itlex# tle aiccipjo` jr ihtmjoed; ℡8 x 8 m,= ∘ m* 7 8 7 ξx8 m,= . m* U
,8/86*
∟
plexe ξx jr tle cibmc rveed xmtji mod ja tle tle xmdjur ia tle xitix# X# jr ruhrtjtuted jo tle mhiqe e|vxerrjio# tle vmxmgetex tjv rveed xmtji TRX jr aiuod; ξx 7
℡X U
,8/8=*
∟
Oe|t# tle gigeotug e}umtjio pjcc he mvvcjed ti tle rmge biotxic qicuge mod aix tljr bmre tle e}ujcjhxjug djbtmter tlmt tle tix}ue ] hejo` mvvcjed io tle xitix gurt he e}umc ti tle blmo`e jo tle mo`ucmx gigeotug ia tle pmne> tlexeaixe# ja mo mooucmx ecegeot jr
=1
biorjdexed# tle gigeotug e}umtjio xeduber ti; = d] 7 4m,= ∘ m* ύU ℡x 88φxdx 8
,8/88*
∟
Tlexeaixe# mt tljr ecegeot# vipex# dV jr; dV 7 ℡d]
,8/82*
Tleo# ruhrtjtutjo` aix d] axig mod mvvczjo` tle deojtjio ia ξ ia ξx # ,8/82* 8/82* hebiger; = < dV 7 ύMU 2 ^ 8 m,= ∘ m*ξx2 dξx W 8 ξ
,8/84*
∟
Tleo# dV bmo he e|vxerred jo m oio'djgeorjiomc aixg; dB v 7
dV = ύMU 2 8
,8/85*
∟
pljbl xevxereotr tle biotxjhutjio ti tle titmc B v axig m rjo`ucmx mooucmx ecegeot/ Tleo# matex m rexjer ia gmtlegmtjbmc rtevr jobcudjo` jote`xmtjio# blmo`e ia qmxjmhcer mod ruhrtjtutjio ,mr derbxjhed e|teorjqecz jo ^28W ^28W tle aiccipjo` jr ihtmjoed;
< 14 5 B v#gm| 7 | . 08| 08|4 . =84| =84|2 . 2<8 ∘ 12| 12| ∘ =8co | ∘ 4| 8 08:ξ 08:ξ 5
6/85
=
∘
,8/81*
=∘2m
B v#gm| bmo tle he vcitted mr m auobtjio ia djstexeot qmcuer ia xmtjio jo Aj`uxe 8/0 pljbl mcri xevixtr tle Het{ cjgjt axig tle vxeqjiur rjgvce cjoemx gigeotug tleixz mod axig tle `xmvl jt bmo he ihrexqed tlmt mr tle xmtji jobxemrer# B v mvvximbler jtr tleixetjbmc gm|jgug qmcue/ 8/4/8 8/4/8
Hcmde Hcmde ecegeo ecegeott getlid getlid
Tle Hcmde Ecegeot Getlid ,HEG* pljbl pmr joqeoted hz @cmuext jo =:25 ^2= ^2=WW biorjrtr jo mvvczjo` tle biorexqmtjio ia gigeotug ti mooucmx biotxic qicuger mod jr pjdecz ured aix bmcbucmtjior ia mexidzomgjb cimdr mod vexaixgmober ^22W Mr vxereoted jo tle vxeqjiur blmvtex# ioe djgeorjiomc gigeotug tleixz biuvced pjtl xitmtjiomc estebtr `jqer e|vxer' rjio aix vipex mod tix}ue# lipeqex oi rvebjb joaixgmtjio jr `jqeo xe`mxdjo` vleoigeom ibbuxxjo` io tle hcmde# tlur oi rvebjb detmjcr xe`mxdjo` xitix `eigetxz rubl mr tpjrt# rj{e rj{e mod oughex oughex ia hcmder hcmder bmo he ihtmjoe ihtmjoed/ d/ Pjtl Pjtl HEG# HEG# hz biuvcjo` biuvcjo` gigeotug gigeotug tleixz
=0
^ 28W Aj`uxe 8/0; Vipex bieflbjeot qmxjmtjio pjtl TRX ^28W
pjtl cibmc mexidzomgjb vleoigeom# tlere aemtuxer bmo jodeed he rtudjed/ Oipmdmzr# HEG jr pjdecz mvvcjed mr m derj`o tiic jo jodurtxz mod jr oit mr e|veorjqe mr BAD jo texgr ia bigvutjo` xeriuxber/ Jo mvvczjo` tlere getlid# tpi jgvixtmot mrrugvtjio lmqe ti he tmneo joti mbbiuot ^2=W; 2=W; •
Embl mooucmx ecegeot jr jodeveodeot axig embl itlex>
•
Aixber mvvcjed io tle ip hz tle mbtjio ia tle hcmder mxe biortmotr pljbl biore' }ueotcz jgvcjer tle mrrugvtjio ia joojte hcmder/
Jo ixdex ti bixxebt tle cmrt mrrugvtjio# m vmxmgetex omged Vxmodtc‚r Tjv Cirr Ambtix jr ured# mcri# rjobe tle getlid jr bxemted aix pixnjo` jo tpi djgeorjior# auxtlex bixxebtjior lmqe ti he jotxidubed/ Rjobe dexjqmtjio ia tle HEG `iqexojo` e}umtjior jr oit jo tle jotexert ia tljr xevixt# ja tle xemdex jr jotexerted jo auxtlex xemdjo`r# m gixe detmjced e|vcmomtjio bmo he aiuod jo hiinr rubl mr ^2= ^2=WW ix ^28W ^28W 8/4/2
Omqjex Omqjex'Rtin 'Rtiner er e}umtjio e}umtjio ricqexr ricqexr
Pjtl tle deqecivgeot ia Bigvutmtjiomc Acujd Dzomgjbr# gmoz ip vxihcegr tlmt heaixe pexe uoricqmhce hz momcztjbmc getlidr ix hz e|vexjgeotr# biucd omccz he rtudjed/ Pjtl BAD# tle Omqjex'Rtiner ,OR* e}umtjior mxe djrbxetjred pjtl qmxjiur getlidr rubl mr Ajojte Djstexeobe ix Ajojte Qicuge Getlidr ,AQG* ^24W ^24W tlmt txmoraixg tle djstexeotjmc OR e}umtjior joti mo mc`ehxmjb aixg pljbl bmo he tleo vut joti bigvutex vxi`xmggjo` =<
cmo`um`er rubl mr AIXTXMO ix B ,mr ured jo ACUEOT* pljbl xericqer tle vxihceg mod iutvut xeructr jo aixg ia dmtm mod `xmvljbr/ Tleo Tleo pjtl pjtl tle mdqmobe mdqmobe ia bigvutj bigvutjo` o` bmvmhjc bmvmhjcjtj jtjer# er# gixe gixe urex'ax urex'axjeod jeodcz cz riatp riatpmxer mxer ,ix bider* rubl mr ACUEOT ,pljbl urer AQG* pexe bxemted `jqjo` m pjdex mbberr ti BAD bmvmhjcjtjer/
=:
Blmvtex 2
Ougexjbmc Gideccjo` ia Pjod Tuxhjoer Tle blijbe ia gideccjo` rtxmte`z aix pjod tuxhjoer jr qjtmc ti tle rubberrauc iutbige ia tle rjgucmtjio mod tlexe mxe# oipmdmzr# djstexeot getlidr tlmt bmo he mvvcjed ^0W/ ^0W/ Jo tljr blmvtex tle gmjo aemtuxer ia BAD mod lip jr mvvcjed ti tle rtudz ia pjod tuxhjoer pjcc he djrburred/
2/=
Omqje Omqjex'R x'Rtin tiner er e}umtj e}umtjior ior
Omqjex'Rtiner e}umtjior omged matex tlejx bxemtixr‚ omger xevxereot jo gmtlegmtjbmc aixg mcc ujd geblmojbr vleoigeom mod lexe mxe vxereoted jo tlejx oio'biorexqmtjio aixg ,aix tle dexjqmtjio axig xrt vxjobjvcer ia rmjd e}umtjior# tle xemdex jr ru``erted ti xeaex ti ^24W*; 24W*; Biorexqmtjio ia Gmrr ; Dύ ∘ ↘ . ύ ° Q 7 6 Dt
86
,2/=*
Biorexqmtjio ia Gigeotug ; Du ∈v ∈τ || ∈τ z| ∈τ {| || z| {| 7∘ . . . . ύa | Dt ∈| ∈| ∈| ∈{
,2/8*
ύ
Dq ∈v ∈τ |z ∈τ zz ∈τ {z |z zz {z 7∘ . . . . ύa z Dt ∈z ∈| ∈z ∈{
,2/2*
ύ
Dp ∈v ∈τ |{ ∈τ z{ ∈τ {{ |{ z{ {{ 7∘ . . . . ύa { Dt ∈{ ∈| ∈z ∈{
,2/4*
ύ
∘ ↘
Plexe Q xevxereotr tle qecibjtz qebtix# u# q mod p mxe tle bigvioeotr ia tle qecibjtz jo tle |# z mod { djxebtjio xervebtjqecz# v jr vxerruxe# τ ‚r τ ‚r xevxereot oixgmc mod rlemx rtxerrer mbtjo` io tle ruxamber ia tle 2D ujd vmxtjbce# tleo a | # a z mod a { xevxereot tle hidz aixber vex uojt jo tle |# z mod { djxebtjio xervebtjqecz/ Tle gmtlegmtjbmc oitmtjio D jodjbmter m ri'bmcced ruhrtmotjmc dexjqmtjqe ia m rbmcmx }umotjtz# e/` ; Dύ ∈ύ ∘ ↘ 7 . Q ° ύ Dt ∈t
,2/5*
Jt rliucd he oited tlmt tle eoex`z e}umtjio lmr oit heeo geotjioed# jodeed jo tljr BAD rtudz# tljr e}umtjio jr oit ricqed hebmure tlexgmc vleoigeom mxe rgmcc eoiu`l ti he biorjdexed mr oe`cj`jhce/ Tle mhiqe ret ia vmxtjmc djstexeotjmc e}umtjior xevxereot m rujtmhce aixg ia tle biotjoujtz mod gigeotug e}umtjio aix ougexjbmc bmcbucmtjior/
2/8
Tuxhuce uxhuceobe obe Gideccjo Gideccjo` ` mod mod Rjgu Rjgucmt cmtjio jio
Gmoz ujd geblmojbr vxihcegr mxe biggiocz ricqed hz mvvczjo` mrrugvtjior rubl mr jobigvxerrjhce# joqjrbjd# cmgjomx mod rtemdz ip/ Tlere mrrugvtjior mxe oeeded hebmure ujd ip# rubl rubl mr jo xitmtjo xitmtjo`` gmbljo gmbljoexje exjer# r# vxereot vxereotrr m xmtlex xmtlex uovxedj uovxedjbtmh btmhce ce helmqji helmqjiux ux pljbl pljbl piucd piucd bmure bmure m aucc aucc ricutj ricutjio io ti he lj`lcz lj`lcz bigvce|/ bigvce|/ Mgio` Mgio` tlere tlere bigvcjb bigvcjbmted mted aem' tuxer# tuxhuceobe jr ioe tlmt ‚rljoer‚ mgio` tle itlexr/ Jo tljr rebtjio# `jqeo tle rj{e mod bigvce|jtz ia tle ruhkebt# iocz m hxjea jotxidubtjio pjcc he `jqeo pjtl rcj`ltcz gixe egvlmrjr io tuxhuceobe gideccjo` aix pjod tuxhjoer/ Hut heaixe mo jgvixtmot oio'djgeorjiomc oughex omged Xezoicdr oughex Xe pljbl 8=
e|vxerrer tle xmtji ia joextjmc aixber ti qjrbiur aixber lmr ti he jotxidubed mod jr deoed mr; Xe 7 plexe µ jr tle dzomgjb qjrbirjtz# U
∟
ύU C µ ∟
,2/1*
jr tle axeertxemg ip qecibjtz mod C jr tle
xeaexeobe ceo`tl pljbl jo tle bmre ia mo mexiaijc jr tle blixd ceo`tl b / Tuxhuceot ip jr pjdecz vxereot jo omtuxe# e|mgvcer mxe bciud aixgmtjior ix rgine aixgjo` axig m xe mod jo rjgvce pixdr tljr tzve ia ip biucd he derbxjhed mr lmqjo` rj`ojbmot jxxe`ucmxjtjer# uortemdz gitjio mod xebjxbucmtjio jo virjtjio mod tjge ^25W/ ^25W/ Mr Xe jobxemrer tle joextjm aixber jobxemre tlejx mbtjio uv ti m vijot plexe tljr jobxemrjo` mbtjio jr ri rj`ojbmot tlmt bmurer tle aixgmtjio ia tuxhuceot rbmcer jo tle ip ^21 ^21W# W# ruhre}ueotcz# mr m `eoexmc xuce ia tlugh# tle aiccipjo` Xe mxe deoed mr rtmxtjo` vijotr ia tuxhuceobe; •
Xe ? 566# 566# 666 mcio` m ruxambe ix ? 86# 86# 666 mcio` mo ihrtmbce aix e|texomc ipr
•
Xe ? 8# 266 aix jotexomc ipr
@jqeo jtr bigvce|jtz tuxhuceobe jr m gmkix ‚tmx`et‚ ia ougexjbmc gideccjo` mod hecip jr m cjrt ia tle girt jgvixtmot ougexjbmc getlidr ,mcc joaixgmtjio pexe tmneo axig ^25W*; ^25W*; •
Djxe Djxebt Ougexjb Ougexjbmc mc Rjgucmtjio Rjgucmtjio ,DOR*; ,DOR*; DOR DOR aemtu aemtuxer xer tle bigvc bigvcete ete ricu ricutj tjio io ia tle Omqjex'Rtin Omqjex'Rtiner er e}umtjior biuvced pjtl rige jojtjmc hiuodmxz biodjtjior/ biodjtjior/ Qjxtumccz Qjxtumccz## DOR lmr tle bmvmhjcjtz ti vxidube lj`l }umcjtz xeructr# hut jtr mvvcjbmhjcjtz jr cjg' jted hz tle xe}ujxed bigvutmtjiomc vipex/ @jqeo tle mdqmobe jo bigvutjo` eflbjeobz tlmt ibbuxxed jo tle cmrt aep debmder# DOR jr oip tmnjo` mo jgvixtmot xice jo tle ruhkebt/
•
Tuxhuceobe'Qjrbirjtz gidecr ; gidecr ; Pjtl tljr getlid# tle Xezoicdr e}umtjior mxe ricqed hz mqexm` mqexm`jo` jo` tle qecibj qecibjtz tz ecd ti m gemo qmcu qmcue/ e/ Tlexe Tlexe mxe djstexeo djstexeott tzver tzver ia tljr vmxtjbucmx gidec mod rige mxe cjrted hecip; =/ λ ∘ ; Tljr gidecr vxereotr tpi e}umtjior hejo` ricqed jo texgr ia tpi tuxhuceobe vmxmgetexr# vmxmgetexr# omgecz λ mod / Jt jr pjdecz ured jo BAD biggexbjmc vmbnm`er/ 8/ λ ∘ ϊ ; Tljr gidec jr rjgjcmx ti tle vxeqjiur ioe e|bevt aix tle pmz tle rebiod vmxmgetex jr gmtlegmtjbmccz txemted/ Jt jr tii pjdecz ured jo BAD/
88
2/ Rvmcmxt ' Mccgmxmr / Lexe# Lexe# iocz ioe e}umtjio e}umtjio jr hejo` ricqed/ ricqed/ Tle gidec lmr jtr hert mvvcjbmtjio jo mexidzomgjbr mod lmr vxiqeo ti he xmtlex mbbuxmte/ Auxtlex# jt lmr tle jgvixtmot mdqmotm`e ia hejo` bigvutmtjiomccz amrtex tlmo itlexr/ •
Xezoicdr rtxerr ; Jo vxeqjiu vxeqjiurr gidecr# gidecr# tuxhuce tuxhuceot ot qjrbirjt qjrbirjtz z jr xuced hz m lzvitle lzvitlerjr rjr## pljbl pljbl tlexeaixe tlexeaixe cjgjtr cjgjtr tle mbbuxmbz mbbuxmbz ia tlire tlire gidecr/ gidecr/ Aix Xezoicd Xezoicdr'r r'rtxer txerrr gidecr# gidecr# jortemd# rtxerr vmxmgetexr mxe ricqed pljbl jo tuxo `jqer auxtlex joaixgmtjio jo xe`mxd tuxhuceobe ceo`tl ix tjge rbmce/
•
Cmx`e'Eddz rjgucmtjio ,CER*; ,CER* ; CER aiburer io djxebtcz ricqjo` tle cmx`e rtxubtuxer ,ix eddjer* ia tle ip plexemr tle rgmccex ioer mxe gidecced# tlur jt lmr lj`l mvvcj' bmhjcjtz aix ip vxereotjo` qixtjber ix revmxmtjio/
2/8/=
Tle λ
RRT λ ∘ ϊ gidec ∘
ϊ vxiqer ti vxiqjde `iid vexaixgmobe jo axee rlemx ipr # mdqexre vxerruxe
`xmdjeotr `xmdjeotr mod revmxmted revmxmted ipr ,pjtl tle cmrt tpi hejo` auccz e|vexjeobed e|vexjeobed jo pjod tuxhjoer*# lipeqex jtr mbbuxmbz jr cjgjted hz tle deveodeobz ia tle gidec axig tle axeertxemg hiuodmxz biodjtjior/ ^=2W ^=2W// Mo jgvcegeotmtjio ti tljr gidec biger axig tle Rlemx'Rtxerr ^20W/ Mod mr xevixted jo ^2
Rtmxtjo` axig tle jooex vmxt ia tle hiuodmxz cmzex mod `ijo` tipmxdr tle gixe iutrjde xe`jio# tle RRT λ ∘ ϊ blmo`e axig m λ ∘ ϊ ti λ ∘ `jqjo` m hettex txemtgeot ia tle hiuodmxz cmzex/
•
Jo RRT λ ∘ ϊ tle txemtgeot aix tle tuxhuceot qjrbirjtz jr blmo`ed ti mbbiggidmte aix tle txmorvixt estebtr ia tle vxjobjvmc tuxhuceot rlemx rtxerr/
Aix xeaexeobe tle RRT λ ∘ ϊ e}umtjior mxe cjrted hecip; ∈ ∈ ∈ ∈n ˓ n ∘ Z n . R n ,ύλ* ,ύλQ j * 7 ,Βn *.@ ύλ* . ∈t ∈| j ∈| k ∈| k
,2/0*
∈ ∈ ∈ ∈ϊ ,ύϊ* ύϊ* . ,ύϊQ j * 7 ,Βϊ * . @ϊ ∘ Z ϊ . Dϊ . R ϊ ∈t ∈| j ∈| k ∈| k
,2/<*
˓ n jr tle tuxhuceobe njoetjb eoex`z `eoexmted hz gemo qecibjtz `xmdjeotr# @ϊ plexe @ xevxereotr tle `eoexmtjio ia ϊ ia ϊ # Z λ mod Z ϊ mxe tle djrrjvmtjio due ti tuxhuceobe ia λ ia λ mod
82
ϊ # Βλ mod Β xevxereot tle djsturjqjtz ia λ mod ϊ# Dϊ jr tle bxirr'djsturjio texg# R λ mod R ϊ mxe tle riuxbe riuxbe texgr mxhjtxmxjcz deoed hz tle urex ^2
uz η ∐
,2/:*
plexe u jr tle axjbtjio qecibjtz ,pljbl jr deoed mr u ∐
∐
7
τ ύ
p
plexe τ p jr tle pmcc
rlemx rtxerr mt tle pmcc*# η jr tle njoegmtjb qjrbirjtz mod z jr tle oixgmc djrtmobe axig tle pmcc ia tle xrt becc/ Pjtl tle mvvcjbmtjio ia tle RRT λ ∘ ϊ# mr e|vcmjoed jo ^2< ^2
2/2
Bigv Bigvut utmt mtji jiom omcc gerl gerl
Mr vxeqjiurcz jotxidubed# m bigvutmtjiomc `xjd ix gerl jr oeeded ti he `eoexmted ti vxibeed pjtl tle BAD bmcbucmtjio# jodeed# tljr biucd viteotjmccz he tle girt jgvixtmot# mod mr pm pmrr e|vexjeobed e|vexjeobed jo tljr vxikebt# tle girt girt djflbuct djflbuct ioe/ M `eoexmc deojtj deojtjio io bmo he aiuod jo ^2: ^2:WW pljbl rtmter tlmt ‗// m gerl jr djrbxetj{mtjio ia m `eigetxjb digmjo joti rgmcc rlmver//‗> jo tpi djgeorjior tlere rlmver piucd he txjmo`cer ix }umdxjcmtexmcr# mod tetxmledxmc tetxmledxmc mod le|mledxm jo tlxee/ Mctexomtjqe Mctexomtjqecz cz## m gerl bmo mcri he deoed mr hejo` tle cibur plexe vmxtjmc djstexeotjmc e}umtjior mxe ricqed mbbixdjo` ti tle ricqex djrbxetj{mtjio getlid/ Gerler bmo he djqjded jo tlxee gmjo `xiuvr hmred io tle rlmver ia tle ecegeotr# omgecz rtxubtuxed # uortxubtuxed mod lzhxjd / Jo tle xrt ioe# tle rtxubtuxe vxereotr vxereotr jtreca mr }ujte ligi`eoeiur mod qextjber ia tle ecegeotr mxe mcc ia rjgjcmx djgeorjior/ Uortxubtuxed gerl jortemd vxereotr ecegeotr ia djstexeot qextjber mod rlmver mod mxe iateo ured aix bigvc bigvce| e| rlmver rlmver// Ajomc Ajomccz cz m lzhxjd zhxjd gerl bmo bmo he ejtle ejtlexx m bighj bighjom omtj tjio io ia tle tle vxeqj vxeqjiur iur ioer ix djstexeot hcibnr ia rtxubtuxed ecegeotr hujct ti`etlex ti aixg mo uortxubtuxed bio`uxmtjio/ Mcc ia tle mhiqe mhiqe tzver ia gerler lmqe heeo rubberrauccz rubberrauccz ured aix pjod tuxhjoer# tuxhjoer# lipeqex lipeqex m rtxubtuxed le|mledxmc gerl teodr ti he }ujte tle vxeaexmhce blijbe due ti jtr mhjcjtz ti `eoexmte cerr ecegeotr tlmo mo uortxubtuxed gerl ia rmge rj{e mod }umcjtz/
84
2/4 2/4
ACUE AC UEOT OT OR Ricq Ricqex ex
Tle riatpmxe MORZR ACUEOT ricqer tle `iqexojo` ip biorexqmtjio e}umtjior hz mv' vczjo` tle Ajojte Qicuge Getlid pjtl pljbl jo tle bmre ia m pjod tuxhjoe vxihceg pjcc xertxjb xertxjbtt ti tle ricutjio ricutjio biotjou biotjoujt jtz z mod gigeotug gigeotug e}umtjio e}umtjio iocz iocz/ Tle getlid bmo he ruggmxjred jo tle aiccipjo` rtevr ^46 ^46WW ^=2W; =2W; •
Tle ip digmjo jr djrbxetj{ed joti m ojte ret ia biotxic qicuger>
•
Ricutjio hz jote`xmtjio ia tle `iqexojo` e}umtjior jo embl biotxic qicuge jo ixdex ti ihtmjo mc`ehxmjb e}umtjio e}umtjior jo pljbl tle uonoipor mxe qecibjtjer# vxerruxe mod itlex rbmcmx }umotjtjer
•
Ougexj Ougexjbmc bmc ricutjio ricutjio ia tle e}umtjio e}umtjio ti ricqe ricqe tle eotjxe eotjxe ricutji ricutjio o ecd/ ecd/ Hmred Hmred io tle vxihceg vxihceg rvebjbmt rvebjbmtjior jior## tpi tpi djstexeo djstexeott ou ougexj gexjbmc bmc rtxmte`j rtxmte`jer er bmo he blireo blireo## omgecz omgecz Vxerruxe'hmred mod Deorjtz'hmred ricqex / Tle aixge aixgexx pl pljb jbl l jr tle ioe blir blireo eo aix tljr rtudz# jr mjged mt tle ricutjio ia cip'rveed jobigvxerrjhce ipr plexemr tle cmttex jr aix lj`l'rveed ipr plexe tle bigvxerrjhjcjtz estebtr mxe rj`ojbmot/
Tle gmjo rtevr joqicqed jo m vxerruxe'hmred ricutjio bmo he deoed mr aiccipr ^46 ^ 46WW ^=2W; =2W; =/ Qecibjtjer mxe ricqed tlxiu`l tle gigeotug e}umtjio> 8/ Biotjouj Biotjoujtz tz jr rmtjred rmtjred hz ricqjo ricqjo`` m vxerruxe vxerruxe bixxebtj bixxebtjio io e}umtji e}umtjio# o# pljbl pljbl hmrjbmc hmrjbmccz cz biorjrtr jo ihtmjojo` m qecibjtz ecd hejo` bixxebted hz vxerruxe uotjc biotjoujtz jr rmtjred# pljbl bmo he mbljeqed hz tpi mc`ixjtlgr; 2/ Ricutjio Ricutjio jr mbljeqed mbljeqed hz gemor ia jtexmtjior jtexmtjior mbbixdjo` ti tle blireo mc`ixjtlg/ mc`ixjtlg/ Acueot Acueot mccipr ti bliire hetpeeo; •
re`xe`mted ; re`xe`mted ; e}umtjio e}umtjiorr mxe ricqed ricqed ioe matex tle itlex/ itlex/ Tle xe}ujxe xe}ujxed d gegixz jr xecmtjqecz cip# lipeqex tljr bmurer tle rjgucmtjio ti tmne cio`ex tjge ti biobcude>
•
biuvced ; biuvced ; jt xe}ujxer xe}ujxer =/5 ti 8 tjger gixe gegixz gegixz tlmo tle vxeqjiu vxeqjiurr mod ricqe ricqerr gigeotug mod vxerruxe'hmred biotjoujtz e}umtjio rjguctmoeiurcz mr aixg ia m rzrteg pljce tle xegmjojo` rbmcmx e}umtjior mxe ricqed mr jo tle re`xe`mted mc`ixjtlg/
Aj`uxe 2/= xevxereotr tle mhiqe rtevr e|vxerred mr aixg ia m ip `xmvl/
85
Aj`uxe 2/=; Gmjo rtevr ia m vxerruxe'hmred ricutjio
2/4/= 2/4/=
Rjo`ce Rjo`ce giq giqjo` jo` xeae xeaexeo xeobe be axmg axmge e
Tljr rtudz biobexor m xitmtjo` ihkebt tlexeaixe tle gerl gurt he vxivexcz gidecced ti mbljeqe tljr mod jo ACUEOT tlexe mxe djstexeot rtxmte`jer tlmt bmo he ured/ Tle ioe ured lexe jr bmcced rjo`ce giqjo` xeaexeobe axmge ,RXA*/ ,RXA*/ M giqjo` xeaexeobe axmge vexgjtr mo uortemdz vxihceg xervebt ti tle mhricute xeaex' eobe axmge ti hebige rtemdz jo xervebt ti tle giqjo` xeaexeobe axmge/ Jo rjgvce pixdr# tle plice bigvutmtjiomc digmjo jr mrruged ti he xitmtjo` mt tle mo`ucmx qecibjtz ia tle tuxhjoe tuxhjoe xitix/ xitix/ Tljr Tljr vmxtjbu vmxtjbucmx cmx getlid jr pecc pecc rujted rujted aix tljr vxihceg vxihceg rjobe rjobe tlexe jr iocz ioe xitmtjo` pmcc# jo ambt# ja tlexe pexe gixe tlmo ioe xitmtjo` jo ivvirjte djxeb' tjio mod)ix djstexeot xitmtjiomc rveed# rubl mr m xitix'rtmtix vxihceg# tleo tle digmjo rliucd he djqjded jo gixe qicuger pjtl embl ioe hejo` mrrj`oed m djstexeot xeaexeobe axmge omgecz Guctjvce Giqjo` Xeaexeobe Axmge ,GXA*/ ,GXA* / Jo hitl bmrer# tle gerl jtreca xegmjor uogidjed uocjne dzomgjb gerl pljbl mccipr ti blmo`e tle gerl rlmve ^2
81
djrtmobe hetpeeo tle ixj`jo ia tle giqjo` mod rtmtjiomxz biixdjomte rzrtegr jr xevxereoted ↘ ↘ hz qebtix ∘ x 6 mod tle m|jr ia xitmtjio jr deoed mr ∘ ϊ 7 ϊm ˁ/
^ 2
Oip# jotxidubjo` m BAD rzrteg jo Aj`uxe 2/8 mod deoitjo` jtr djrtmobe mt moz vijot ↘ axig tle ixj`jo ia tle giqjo` xeaexeobe axmge pjtl tle ∘ x # m qecibjtz xecmtjio bmo he
e|vxerred; ∘ ↘
∘ ↘ qx7↘ q ∘∘ ux
,2/=6*
↘ ↘ ↘ ↘ plexe ∘ ux 7∘ q t.∘ ϊ Ð mod ∘ q x jr tle xecmtjqe qecibjtz mr reeo axig tle giqjo` axmge# ∘ ↘
↘ q jr tle mhricute qecibjtz mr qjeped axig tle rtmtjioexz axmge# ∘ u x jr tle qecibjtz ia
↘ tle giqjo` axmge xecmtjqe ti tle rtmtjioexz axmge# ∘ q t jr tle txmorcmtjiomc qecibjtz ia tle ↘ giqjo` axmge mod ∘ ϊ jr tle mo`ucmx qecibjtz/
Tleo# Tleo# urjo` urjo` mo mhricute mhricute qecibjtz qecibjtz aixgucmt aixgucmtjio jio## tlmt jr# plexe plexe tle mhricut mhricutee qecibjt qecibjtz z texgr jo tle gigeotug e}umtjio mxe e|vxerred mr deveodeot qmxjmhcer# tle biotjoujtz mod gigeotug e}umtjio bmo he xeaixgucmted mr aiccipr; ∈ύ ↘ . ° ,ύ∘ q x* 7 6 ∈t
,2/==*
mod ∈ ∘ ∘ ↘ ↘ ∘ ↘ ↘ ↘ ,ύ↘ q * . ° ,ύ∘ q x↘ q * . ύ^ ∘ ϊ Ð ,∘ q ∘∘ q t *W 7 ∘ v . Ð τ τ© . A ∈t
,2/=8*
↘ ↘ ↘ Tle texg ∘ ϊ Ð ,∘ q ∘∘ q t * xevxereotr m bighjoed e|vxerrjio aix hitl tle Beotxjvetmc
80
mod Bixjicjr mbbecexmtjio ^2< ^2
8<
Blmvtex 4
Getlid Matex Matex lmqjo lmqjo`` jotxidub jotxidubed ed rige rige `eoexmc `eoexmc joaixgm joaixgmtjio tjio xe`mxdj xe`mxdjo` o` pjod pjod tuxhjoe tuxhjoerr mod gmjo gmjo aemtuxer ia ougexjbmc gideccjo`# tle aiccipjo` blmvtex pjcc he aibured io e|vcmjojo` tle getlidici`z mvvcjed aix tljr pjod tuxhjoe rtudz/
4/= 4/=
@eig @eiget etxz xz gidec gidec
M tlxee'djgeorjiomc `eigetxz gidec ia tle OXEC hcmde pmr `eoexmted jo RICJDPIXNR ,ree Aj`uxe 4/= mod 4/8* 4/8* hmred io tle R<6: mexiaijc mod OXEC hcmde dmtm `jqeo jo ^=6W ^=6W ,ree Mvveodj| M aix hcmde mod mexiaijc `eigetxz dmtm*/ Tle txmjcjo` ed`e pmr gidjed jo ixdex ti lmqe m aep gjccjgetxer gjccjgetxer tljbn ed`e# tljr hettex xevxereotr tle xemc hcmde mod mcri lecvr ti mqijd cip }umcjtz gerl ecegeotr# mr m qexz tljo ed`e piucd he lmxd ti he lmodced hz tle gerljo` riatpmxe/
,m*
,h*
Aj`uxe 4/=; Tlxee djgeorjiomc gidec ia tle OXEC Vlmre QJ hcmde
8:
,m*
,h*
Aj`uxe 4/8; Mexiaijc vxicer ia tle hcmde
Jo xe`m xe`mxd xd ti tle tle tjv tjv ia tle tle hcmd hcmde# e# rjob rjobee oi rvebj rvebjb b dmtm dmtm jr `jq `jqeo jo tle tle `eig `eiget etxz xz dibugeotmtjio# jt pmr mvvxi|jgmted ti m riat dige mr rlipo jo Aj`uxe 4/2/ Jt gurt he oited tlmt tle hcmde tjv vcmzr mo jgvixtmot xice jo tle `eoexmtjio ia tix}ue# tlexeaixe jt jr xebiggeoded tlmt tle 2D gidec xevxereot xemc `eigetxz/
Aj`uxe 4/2; Hcmde tjv
4 /8
G e rl
Tle blireo riatpmxe ured aix tle `eoexmtjio ia tle gerl jr MORZR JBEG BAD mod jr bm' vmhce ia `eoexmtjo` rtxubtuxed# uortxubtuxed mod lzhxjd gerler mod djstexeot mc`ixjtlgr mxe mqmjcmhce ti tle urex hmred io tle derjxed tzve ia tle omc `xjd/ 26
4/8/ 4/8/= =
Djge Djgeor orji jior or
Mt tle jojtjmc rtm`er ia tle vxikebt# estixtr pexe aibured io txzjo` ti bxemte m rtxubtuxed gerl# lipeqex# due ti jtr bigvce|jtz mod xe}ujxed ceqec ia e|vexjeobe# jt pmr debjded ti bxemte mo uortxubtuxed gerl# mctliu`l tljr hxjo`r tle djrmdqmotm`e ia `eoexmtjio ia m lj`lex oughex ia ecegeotr# tlexeaixe jobxemrjo` tle bigvutmtjiomc tjger/ Jt mcri lmr ti he oited tlmt mctliu`l tle xitix jr aemtuxed pjtl tpi hcmder# iocz ioe hcmde jr mbtumccz hejo` txemted tlur mccipjo` ti lmcqe tle bigvutmtjiomc gerl ,ree Aj`uxe 4/4*/ 4/4*/ Tljr jr due ti tle mvvcjbmtjio ia vexjidjb ia vexjidjb hiuodmxz biodjtjior pljbl mxe e|vcmjoed jo Rebtjio 4/2/ 4/2/ Tle uortxubtuxed gerl jr gmde ia txjmo`ucmx ecegeotr aix tle ruxambe vmxtr ,ree Aj`uxe 4/1*# 4/1*# tetxmledxmc ecegeotr aix tle ip qicuge qicuge digmjo ,Aj`uxe 4/5* 4/5* mod vxjrgmtjb ecegeotr ecegeotr pexe ured aix bxemtjo` cmzexr mxiuod tle hcmde ruxambe jo ixdex ti lmqe m oex gerl jo vxi|jgjtz ia tle hiuodmxz cmzex ,Aj`uxe 4/: mod 4/<*/ 4/<*/ Lmca ia m bzcjodxjbmc digmjo pmr hujct mxiuod tle hcmde mod mr rlipo jo Aj`uxe 4/4# `jqeo tle xmdjur ia tle hcmde X 7 5/68:g 68:g# tle jocet pmr vcmbed mt 2 Ð X uvrtxemg ia tle hcmde# tle iutcet mt 1 Ð X diportxemg# tle ceo`tl ia tle xmdjur ia tle digmjo pmr ret ti 2 Ð X/ Auxtlex# rjobe tle luh ia tle hcmde pmr oit jobcuded jo tle `eigetxz# lmca bzcjodex pjtl m xmdjur ia 6/ 6/56 aix e|mgvce Bmx`mo`ju ^=2W ^=2W vcmbed tle iutcet mt =6 Ð X axig tle hcmde# plexemr Gmlu mod Viverbu ^81 ^81WW ured m 86 Ð X# jortemd Qmo Xiijk mod Mxeor ^84W ^84W ured m diportxemg ceo`tl ia 1 Ð X/ Itlex ured djgeorjior bmo he aiuod jo tle cjrt ia xeaexeober `jqeo jo tle Cjtexmtuxe xeqjep ,=/5 ,=/5*/ */ Ti biobcude# jt reeged xemriomhce tlmt tle digmjo djgeorjior ured aix tljr rjgucmtjio piucd lmqe tle viteotjmc ti vxiqjde mbbevtmhce xeructr/
2=
Aj`uxe 4/4; Regj'bzcjodxjbmc digmjo mod djgeorjior
Gerl ecegeotr rj{e bmo he pecc biotxicced jo tle riatpmxe mod tlexeaixe mcciped ti jovut cmx`ex ecegeotr mt tle iutex hiuodmxjer ia tle gerl mod m qexz oe gerl io tle hcmde ruxambe ,Aj`uxe 4/1 mod 4/0* 4/0* mod mr bmo he reeo jo Aj`uxe 4/5# 4/5# tle oex deorjtz gerl ibbuxr mt tle cibmtjio ia tle hcmde mod jo vxi|jgjtz ia tle diportxemg pmne mod uvrtxemg uvrtxemg jobigjo` jobigjo` ip ecd/ Tle xemrio aix lmqjo` lmqjo` oex ecegeot ecegeotrr jo tle pm pmne ne cmzr cmzr io tle ambt tlmt tle pmne ip ecd djxebtcz mstebtr tle ip tlxiu`l tle pjod tuxhjoe mod tlexeaixe vxerruxe mod tix}ue djrtxjhutjio/
Aj`uxe 4/1; Ruxambe gerl ia tle hcmde
Aj`uxe 4/0; Detmjcr ia tle gerl ia tle hcmde tjv
28
Aj`uxe 4/5; Rebtjio qjep ia tle qicuge gerl rlipjo` lj`lex deorjtz ia ecegeotr jo vxi|jgjtz ia tle
diportxemg pmne/
4/8/8 4/8/8
Vxjrgm Vxjrgmtjb tjb cmze cmzexr xr
Aix txemtjo` tle hiuodmxz cmzex {ioe# aix uortxubtuxed gerler# vxjrgmtjb cmzexr mxe `eo' exmted/ exmted/ Tle getlidici` getlidici`z z ured ured biorjrte biorjrted d jo xrt `eoexmtj `eoexmtjo` o` m ruxambe ruxambe gerl# tleo bxemte bxemte vxjrgmtjb cmzexr mod omccz cc tle qicuge pjtl tetxmledxmc ecegeotr/ Tljr mqijded vzxm' gjdjb ecegeotr ,pljbl mxe oit lmodced pecc hz ACUEOT* hetpeeo tle vxjrgmtjb cmzexr mod tle xert ia tle qicuge ,Aj`uxe 4/< mod 4/:*/ 4/:*/ Tle oughex ia cmzexr pmr blireo ti he 86 mt m `xiptl xmtji axig tle xrt becc mt 26 % mod jo xe`mxd ti tle ertjgmtjio ia tle lej`lt ia tle xrt cmzex# jt pmr aiuod tlmt hmred io m Xe ia = Ð =61 # ti mbljeqe m z . ia 4
∳
5# tle xrt becc lej`lt rliucd he 8 Ð =6 5 g ∘
tleo xeoegeotr pjcc he vexaixged djxebtcz jo ACUEOT jo ixdex ti mbljeqe mo mqexm`e ia z . 7 =/
22
Aj`uxe 4/<; Rebtjio qjep ia tle qicuge gerl mt 26 % ia tle hcmde
,m* Cemdjo` ed`e
,h* Txmjcjo` ed`e
Aj`uxe 4/:; Detmjcr ia tle vxjrgmtjb cmzexr jo vxi|jgjtz ia tle cemdjo` ed`e ,m* mod txmjcjo` ed`e ,h*
24
Tle titmc rj{e ia tle gerl tuxoed iut ti he xmtlex cmx`e pjtl m titmc oughex ia xiu`lcz
Vmxt
Ecegeotr
Oider
Hcmde ruxambe
262#256
'
Itlex ruxamber
=0#=:<
'
Qicuge
2#205#801
'
Vxjrgmtjb tjb cmzexr
4#5<6#886
'
Titmc
<#800#041
8#:2=# 651
Jo bigvmxjrio aix e|mgvce# Bmxbmo`ju ^=2W ^=2W pjtl m rtxubtuxed gerl lmd 2/5 gjccjior# U{ic mod Cio` ^=
4/2 4/2
ACUE AC UEOT OT ret retuv
Pleo tle gerl pmr bigvceted# jt tleo biucd he jgvixted joti ACUEOT mod matex blebn' jo` aix virrjhce exxixr mod iqexmcc }umcjtz ia tle gerl# tle rjgucmtjio retuv biucd he rtmxted/ Mr pmr e|vcmjoed jo Rebtjio 2/4/=# 2/4/=# tle mvvcjbmtjio ia m rjo`ce giqjo` xeaexeobe axmge `jqer tle mdqmotm`e ia xeodexjo` tle txmorjeot omtuxe ia m xitmtjo` vxihceg m rtemdz vxihceg vxihceg## lipe lipeqe qexx jt pm pmrr ihrexq ihrexqed ed tlmt mt lj`l lj`l pjod pjod rveed qecibjtje qecibjtjer# r# pleo xerjdumcr xerjdumcr xembled xembled m biortmo biortmott qmcue# mcue# m rgmcc rgmcc }umrj' }umrj'rjo rjourij urijdmc dmc txeod txeod pi piucd ucd deqeci deqeciv> v> tljr tljr ru``ertr ru``ertr## tlmt tle vxihceg vxihceg rtjcc rtjcc vxereo vxereotr tr uortemdz uortemdz aemtuxer aemtuxer## tlexeaix tlexeaixe# e# mo mvvxivxj mvvxivxjmte mte txmorje txmorjeot ot jovut rliucd he `jqeo jo tle riatpmxe mr dioe hz Bmxbmo`ju ^=2 ^=2W/ W/ Embl vmxt ia tle gerl pmr omged mr rlipo jo tle Aj`uxe 4/=6/ 4/=6/ 4/2/= 4/2/=
Hiuodm Hiuodmxz xz biodjt biodjtjio jiorr
Tle rettjo` ia tle Hiuodmxz Biodjtjior ,HBr* jr m qexz jgvixtmot rtev# tlexeaixe HBr lmqe ti he vxivexcz mvvcjed/ Hecip jr m cjrt ia tle ured hiuodmxz biodjtjior;
25
Aj`uxe 4/=6; Omger `jqeo ti gerl vmxtr
•
Qecibjtz'Jocet Pleo demcjo` pjtl jobigvxerrjhce ipr# tle qecibjtz gurt he rvebjed mt tle jocet ia tle gerl/ Jt bmo he rvebjed mr hitl biortmot mod qmxjmhce# ejtlex oixgmc ti tle ruxambe ruxambe ix mbtjo` mbtjo` pjtl m rvebjed rvebjed mo`ce mo`ce ,mr piucd piucd he jo m zmp'r zmp'rtudz tudz bmre*/ bmre*/ Jo tljr bmre jt pm pmrr rvebjed rvebjed mr biortmo biortmott mod vexveodjbucm vexveodjbucmxx ti tle hiuod hiuodmxz mxz// Tuxhuceob uxhuceobee biodjtjior mcri lmqe ti he deoed lexe mod tle deamuct tuxhuceobe vmxmgetexr ia tle OMRM Mger Pjod Tuooec pexe ured# tlmt jr# jocet tuxhuceobe joteorjtz ia 6/5 % mod qjrbirjtz xmtji ret ti =6 ^=8W ^=8W//
•
Vxerruxe'Iutcet Tljr hiuodmxz biodjtjio pmr mvvcjed mt tle iutcet ia tle digmjo mod retr tle vxerruxe mt tle hiuodmxz mt m rvebjb rtmtjb vxerruxe qmcue/ Jo tljr rtudz# tle ihqjiur blijbe pmr ti vut tle qmcue e}umc ti {exi ri tlmt tle vxerruxe mt tle iutcet piucd he e}umc ti tle mtgirvlexjb ivexmtjo` vxerruxe ,rtmodmxd vxerruxe mt rem ceqec pmr ured# j/e/ =6=#285 Vm*
•
Oi'Rcjv Pmcc Tljr biodjtjio jr mvvcjed ti tle ricjd ruxambe ia tle hcmde# mod jgvcjer tle qecibjtz ia tle ujd vmxtjbce ti he {exi mt tle pmcc/
•
Vexjidjb Rjobe tle pjod tuxhjoe xitix xitmter mt m biortmot mo`ucmx qecibjtz tlur vxereotjo` m vexjidjbmccz xevemtjo` omtuxe> tle riatpmxe mccipr ti mvvcz vexjidjb hiuodmxz bio' 21
djtjior ti rvebjb ruxamber mr rlipo jo Aj`uxe 4/=6 `jqjo` tle `xemt mdqmotm`e ia xedubjo xedubjo`` tle rj{e ia tle digmjo/ digmjo/ Jo tljr rtudz# rtudz# rjobe# rjobe# m tpi'h tpi'hcmd cmdee pjod pjod tuxhjoe tuxhjoe jr biorjdexed# tle digmjo bmo he lmcqed ,=<6 *> jortemd ja tle pjod tuxhjoe pmr tlxee' ◡
hcmded# tle bigvutmtjiomc digmjo piucd xedube ti m tljxd ,=86 * ia tle ixj`jomc ◡
rj{e/ •
Rzggetxz Tljr hiuodmxz biodjtjior mccipr m ruxambe ti he txemted mr m {exi'rlemx pmcc/ M ruggmxz ia tle mrrj`oed hiuodmxz biodjtjior jr `jqeo hecip/ Tmhce 4/8; Mrrj`oed hiuodmxz biodjtjior
Vmxt
HB tzve
Hcmde
Oi'rcjv pmcc
Amxecd
Rzggetxz
Jocet
Qecibjtz'Jocet
Vexji exjidj djbb amb amber Iutcet
Vexji exjidj djbb Vxerruxe'Iutcet
Lmca Lm ca bzcj bzcjod odeex
4/2/ 4/2/8 8
Rzgg Rzggeetxz txz
Ricu Ricutj tjio io getl getlid id
Mr pmr jotxidubed jo Rebtjio 2/4# 2/4# tle vxerruxe'hmred djrbxetj{mtjio rblege jr hejo` mvvcjed mod rjobe bigvutjo` lmxdpmxe vexgjtted# tle biuvced mc`ixjtlg# mc`ixjtlg# pljbl ricqer jo ioe rtev tle rzrteg ia gigeotug mod vxerruxe'hmred biotjoujtz e}umtjio# biucd mcri he ured# tlur xedubjo` bigvutmtjiomc tjger/ Pjtl AQG# rbmcmx }umotjtjer }umotjtjer mxe deoed mt tle beotxe ia beccr plexemr bioqebtjio bioqebtjio texgr mxe rtixed mt tle ambe ia tle beccr/ Tlere cmrt texgr bmo iocz he aiuod hz gemor ia jotex' vicmtjio axig tle beotxe ia tle biotxic qicuge# omgecz uvpjod rblege / Jo tle riatpmxe# tlexe mxe djstexeot getlidr tlmt bmo he ured rubl mr xrt' ix rebiod'idex uvpjod rblege/ Mbbixdjo` ti tle ACUEOT Tleixz @ujde ^2
20
Tmhce 4/2; Rvmtjmc Djrbxetj{mtjio rblege
@xmdjeot
Cemrt R}umxer Becc Hmred
Vxerruxe
Rtmodmxd
Gigeotug
Rebiod Ixdex Uvpjod
Tuxhuce uxhuceot ot Njoetj Njoetjbb Eoex`z Eoex`z
Rebiod Rebiod Ixdex Ixdex Uvpjo Uvpjod d
Rvebjb Rvebjb Djrrjv Djrrjvmtj mtjio io Xmte Xmte
Rebiod Rebiod Ixdex Ixdex Uvpjo Uvpjod d
Jojtjmccz Jojtjmccz rjgucmtjior rjgucmtjior pexe xuo io bigvutexr bigvutexr mqmjcmhc mqmjcmhcee ti rtudeotr rtudeotr mt ]ueeo Gmxz# Gmxz# Uoj' qexrjtz ia Ciodio# tleo pjtl mo jobxemred bigvutjo` vipex degmod# omc rjgucmtjior pexe xuo pjtl vmxmccec bigvutjo` istexed hz ACUEOT io m gmbljoe pjtl tle aiccipjo` blmxmbtexjrtjbr ,Tmhce 4/4*/ 4/4*/ Tmhce 4/4; Gmbljoe rvebjbmtjior
Vxib Vxiber erri rixx omge omge
Jote Jotecc j0'8 j0'816 166N 6N
Oughex ia bixer
4
Oughex ia tlxemdr
<
Gegixz rj{e
28 @H
Tlxee rjgucmtjior pexe xuo mt m axeertxemg qecibjtz ia 0# =6 mod =5 g)r pjtl m biortmot mo`ucmx qecibjtz qecibjtz ia 08 XVG ,0/54 xmd)r*/ Aix embl rjgucmtjio# rjgucmtjio# bigvutmtjiomc bigvutmtjiomc tjge pmr hetpeeo 4'5 liuxr# mod bieflbjeot ia gigeot mcio` pjtl bieflbjeot ia cjat mod biotjoujtz pexe ured mr bioqex`eobe bioqex`eobe vmxmgetexr/ vmxmgetexr/ Jo Aj`uxe 4/== tle bioqex`eobe vcitr aix B g mod B C aix tle 0 g)r rjgucmtjio jr rlipo/ Jt bmo mcri he ihrexqed tlmt mt tle =66tl jtexmtjio# tle djrbxetj{mtjio rbleger aix gigeotug# tuxhuceot njoetjb eoex`z mod rvebjb djrrjvmtjio xmtji mxe rpjtbled axig xrt ti rebiod ixdex uvpjod pljbl bmurer m qjrjhce jobxemre jo bieflbjeot ia gigeot/ 8
=/5
B C B g
=
r c 6/5 m u d j r e X 6
∘6/5
∘=
∘=/5 6
56
=66
=56
866
856
266
256
J texmtjio
Aj`uxe 4/==; Bioqex`eobe vcit ia B g mod B C mt U
∟
2<
7 0g)r
4/2/2 4/2/2
Virt' Virt'vxib vxiberr errjo` jo`
Pleo ricutjio jr bigvceted m pjde xmo`e ia dmtm bmo he e|txmbted axig tle bide mod bmo he xemd io ejtlex tle ricqex jtreca ix io tljxd'vmxt riatpmxer rvebjmcjred jo virt'vxiberrjo`/ Bmxe gurt he tmneo pleo e|txmbtjo` xeructr# ervebjmccz aix jote`xmc mexidzomgjbr pljbl xe}ujxe tle rvebjbmtjio ia xeaexeobe qmcuer ia ceo`tl mod qecibjtjer/
2:
Blmvtex 5
Xeructr Jo tljr tljr blmvte blmvtexx tle xeructr xeructr ia tle tlxee tlxee rjgucm rjgucmtji tjior or pjcc he h e vxereo vxereoted/ ted/ Tle }umotjt }umotjtz z mod tzve ia xeructr tlmt bmo he e|txmbted axig tljr tzve ia ougexjbmc rtudz jr cmx`e# rtmxtjo` axig jote`x jote`xmc mc mexidzomg mexidzomgjbr jbr## ti vxerruxe vxerruxe djrtxj djrtxjhutj hutjio io mod uv ti jobcudj jobcudjo` o` pm pmne ne rtudz rtudz// Vxiqjded tle mjg ia tljr xevixt# xeructr pjcc xertxjbt ti vxerruxe mod vxerruxe bieflbjeotr djrtxjhutjio io tle hcmde# `eoexmted tix}ue mod m `eoexmc iqexqjep ia tle ip ecd mxiuod tle xitix/ Axig cjtexmtuxe xeqjep jt pmr aiuod tlmt tle vxerruxe bieflbjeot djrtxjhutjio mt djstex' eot xmdjmc rtmtjior ia tle hcmde jr ioe ia tle gmjo vmxmgetex ti he momczred mod bigvmxed pjtl e|vexjgeo e|vexjgeotmc tmc dmtm/ Tljr Tljr jr gmjocz gmjocz hebmure hebmure m djxebt djxebt mod rjgvce rjgvce bigvmxjr bigvmxjrio io bmo he vexaixged# auxtlex# vxerruxe biotxicr girt ia mexidzomgjb vleoigeom# tlexeaixe exxixr jo vxerruxe qmcuer pjcc vxihmhcz mstebt itlex vmxmgetexr tii/ Ajxrt# mr vxereoted jo oe|t rebtjio# tle ip ecd mt xmdjmc rtmtjior x)X 7 6/2# 6/12 mod 6/:5 pjcc pjcc he rlipo rlipo pjtl pjtl hitl rtxemgc rtxemgcjoe joerr mod biotiuxr biotiuxr ia xecmtjq xecmtjqee qecibj qecibjtz tz// Axig tlere tlere `uxer# `uxer# ip revmxmtjio revmxmtjio mod bjxbucmt bjxbucmtjio jio bmo he emrjcz emrjcz rvitted/ Tleo jo 5/8# 5/8# urjo` tle rmge xmdjmc virjtjior ∘B v ,mr urumc jo mexidzomgjbr* pjcc he vcitted m`mjort tle oio' djgeorjiomc blixd djrtmobe |)b plexe jr tle blixd ceo`tl ia tle mexiaijc mt embl rebtjio/ Qmcuer ia bieflbjeotr ia vxerruxer pexe bigvuted pjtl tle aiccipjo` aixgucm; B v 7
V ∘ V 6/5ύ,U 8 . ,x ,x℡*8 * ∟
,5/=*
∟
Plexe tle V ∘ V xevxereotr rtmtjb vxerruxe# x jr tle hcmde xmdjur mt embl rvebjb ∟
xmdjmc virjtjio mod ℡# pljbl jr tle xitix mo`ucmx qecibjtz# jr e}umc ti 0/54 xmd)r/ 46
Auxtlex joaixgmtjio xe`mxdjo` tle revmxmtjio ia tle ip jr `jqeo jo 5/8/4 plexe hitl amber ia tle hcmde mxe vxereoted pjtl ruxambe vxerruxe mod cjgjtjo` rtxemgcjoer/ Cmrtcz# tuxhjoe vexaixgmobe xeructr mxe `jqeo jo texgr ia tix}ue# vipex mod bieflbjeot ia vipex mr m auobtjio ia axee rtxemg qecibjtz mod tjv rveed xmtji/ Axig tle tix}ue qmcuer e|txmbted axig ACUEOT# vipex pmr aiuod hz guctjvczjo` tle tix}ue hz tle mo`ucmx qecibjtz# tle bieflbjeotr ia vipex pexe ihtmjoed pjtl e}umtjio ,8/=8*/ 8/=8*/ Qmcuer mcuer ia tle TRX pexe aiuod aiuod pjtl ,8/8= ,8/8=*/ */ Gixe Gixe `uxer `uxer ia ia tle ip ip ecd ecd bmo bm he aiuod jo Mvveodj| H/
4=
5/= 5/=/=
Aci Acip qjru qjrumc mcjr jrmt mtji jio o U 7 0g)r ∟
,m* x)X 7 6/2
,h* x)X 7 6/2
,b* x)X 7 6/12
,d* x)X 7 6/12
,e* x)X 7 6/:5
,a * x)X 7 6/:5
Rtxemgcjoerr ,ceat* mod biotiuxr biotiuxr ,xj`lt* ia xecmtjqe xecmtjqe qecibjtz qecibjtz gm`ojtude gm`ojtude jo g)r/ U Aj`uxe 5/=; Rtxemgcjoe
∟
48
7 0g)r 0 g)r
Aj`uxe 5/8; Biotiuxr ia qecibjtz gm`ojtude aix mcc xmdjmc rtmtjior jo g)r/ U 7 0g)r ∟
5/=/8
U 7 =6g)r =6g)r ∟
,m* x)X 7 6/2
,h* x)X 7 6/2
,b* x)X 7 6/12
,d* x)X 7 6/12
,e* x)X 7 6/:5
,a * x)X 7 6/:5
=6g)r g)r Aj`uxe 5/2; Rtxemgcjoer ,ceat* mod biotiuxr ,xj`lt* ia xecmtjqe qecibjtz gm`ojtude jo g)r/ U 7 =6 ∟
42
=6g)r g)r Aj`uxe 5/4; Biotiuxr ia qecibjtz gm`ojtude aix mcc xmdjmc rtmtjior jo g)r/ U 7 =6 ∟
5/=/2
U 7 =5g)r =5g)r ∟
,m* x)X 7 6/2
,h* x)X 7 6/2
,b* x)X 7 6/12
,d* x)X 7 6/12
,e* x)X 7 6/:5
,a * x)X 7 6/:5
=5g)r g)r Aj`uxe 5/5; Rtxemgcjoer ,ceat* mod biotiuxr ,xj`lt* ia xecmtjqe qecibjtz gm`ojtude jo g)r/ U 7 =5 ∟
44
=5g)r g)r Aj`uxe 5/1; Biotiuxr ia qecibjtz gm`ojtude aix mcc xmdjmc rtmtjior jo g)r/ U 7 =5 ∟
45
5/8
Vxer Vxerrux ruxe e djrt djrtxj xjhu hutj tjio io
5/8/= 5/8/=
Vxerru Vxerruxe xe bieflbje bieflbjeot otrr mt mt U ∟ 7 0g)r x )X 7 6 / 26
x )X 7 6 / 12
5
5
E|vexjgeot BA D 4
4
2
2
8
v
B
E|vexjgeot BA D
8
v
B
∘
∘
=
=
6
6
∘=
∘=
6
6/8
6/4
6/1
6/<
=
6
6/8
6/4
|)b
Aj`uxe 5/0; B v mt U 7 0g)r ∟
x)X 7 6/2
Aj`uxe 5/<; B v mt U
∟
x) X 7 6 / :5 2
E|vexjgeot BA D
8/5
8
=/5
=
v
B
∘
6/1
6/<
=
|)b
6/5
6
∘6/5
∘=
∘=/5 6
6/8
6/4
6/1
6/<
=
|)b
Aj`uxe 5/:; B v mt U
∟
7 0g 0 g)r
41
x)X 7 6/ 6 /:5
7 0g 0 g)r
x)X 7 6/ 6 /12
5/8/8 5/8/8
=6g)r Vxerru Vxerruxe xe bieflbje bieflbjeot otrr mt mt U ∟ 7 =6g)r
x )X 7 6 / 26
x )X 7 6 / 12
5
E|vexjgeot BA D
E|vexjgeot BA D
4
4 2 2
8 8
v
B
v
B
∘
∘
= =
6
6
∘=
∘=
6
6/8
6/4
6/1
6/<
=
6
6/8
6/4
|)b
6/1
6/<
=
|)b
=6g Aj`uxe 5/=6; B v mt U 7 =6 g)r ∟
x)X 7 6/2
=6g Aj`uxe 5/==; B v mt U 7 =6 g)r ∟
x) X 7 6 / :5 E|vexjgeot BA D
4
2
8 v
B
∘
=
6
∘=
6
6/8
6/4
6/1
6/<
=
|)b
=6g g)r Aj`uxe 5/=8; B v mt U 7 =6 ∟
40
x )X 7 6/:5
x )X 7 6/12
5/8/2 5/8/2
=5g)r Vxerru Vxerruxe xe bieflbje bieflbjeot otrr mt mt U ∟ 7 =5g)r
x )X 7 6 / 12
x )X 7 6 / 26 8/5
E|vexjgeot BA D
5
E|vexjgeot BA D 8
4 =/5
2
=
v
B
v
∘
B
8
∘
6/5
6
=
∘6/5 6 ∘= ∘= ∘=/5 6
6/8
6/4
6/1
6/<
=
6
6/8
6/4
|)b
6/1
6/<
=
|)b
=5g Aj`uxe 5/=2; B v mt U 7 =5 g)r ∟
x)X 7 6/2
=5g Aj`uxe 5/=4; B v mt U 7 =5 g)r ∟
x) X 7 6 / :5 E|vexjgeot BA D
4
2
8 v
B
∘
=
6
∘=
6
6/8
6/4
6/1
6/<
=
|)b
=5g g)r Aj`uxe 5/=5; B v mt U 7 =5 ∟
4<
x )X 7 6/:5
x )X 7 6/12
5/8/4
Ruxambe Ruxambe hcmde hcmde vxerru vxerruxe xe mod mod cjgjtjo cjgjtjo` ` rtxemgcj rtxemgcjoer oer
,m* Vxerruxe rjde
,h* Rubtjio rjde
Aj`uxe 5/=1; Cjgjtjo` rtxemgcjoer pjtl biotiuxr ia rtmtjb ruxambe vxerruxe io tle hcmde jo Vm/ U
∟
7
0g)r
,m* Vxerruxe rjde
,h* Rubtjio rjde
Aj`uxe 5/=0; Cjgjtjo` rtxemgcjoer pjtl biotiuxr ia rtmtjb ruxambe vxerruxe io tle hcmde jo Vm/ U
∟
=6g)r =6 g)r
4:
7
,m* Vxerruxe rjde
,h* Rubtjio rjde
Aj`uxe 5/=<; Cjgjtjo` rtxemgcjoer pjtl biotiuxr ia rtmtjb ruxambe vxerruxe io tle hcmde jo Vm/ U
∟
=5g)r =5 g)r
5/2 5/2
Vexai exaixg xgmo mobe be
=466
BA D =266
E|vexjgeot
=866 ==66 *
g=666 O e u :66 } x i T <66
,
066 166 566 466 1
<
=6
=8
=4
=1
=<
86
Q ecibjtz# U , g) r * ∟
Aj`uxe 5/=:; E|vexjgeotmc mod bigvutmtjiomc tix}ue qmxjmtjio pjtl U
∟
56
7
==
BA D E|vexjgeot
=6
:
*
<
P n x 0 e p i V 1
,
5
4
2 0
<
:
=6
==
=8
=2
=4
=5
=1
Q ecibjtz# U , g) r * ∟
Aj`uxe 5/86; Qmxjmtjio ia tle OXEC e|vexjgeotmc
mod bigvutmtjiomc vipex iutvut mr auobtjio ia pjod rveed qecibjtz 6/4
BA D 6/25
E|vexjgeot
6/2
6/85
V
B 6/8
6/=5
6/=
6/65
6 8/5
2
2/5
4
4/5
5
5/5
1
tjv rveed xmtji ξ
Aj`uxe 5/8=; Blmo`e ia e|vexjgeotmc mod bigvu'
tmtjiomc B V V mr auobtjio ia TRX 6/4
BA D E|vexjgeot 6/25
V 6/2 B # t o e 6/85 j b j
a a e 6/8 i b x e p6/=5 i V 6/=
6/65
6 1
<
=6
=8
=4
=1
Q e c ib ib j t z # U , g)r * ∟
Aj`uxe Aj`uxe 5/88; 5/88; Qmxjmtjio ia bigvutmtjiomc mod e|'
vexjgeotmc B V V pjtl pjod rveed
5=
Blmvtex 1
Djrburrjio Tljr blmvtex pjcc aibur io tle momczrjr ia tle xeructr `jqeo jo tle vxeqjiur blmvtex/ Vmx' tjbucmx mtteotjio jr `jqeo ti uodexrtmod tle vlzrjbr ia tle ip ecd mod lip mstebtr tle vexaixgmobe ia tle pjod tuxhjoe/ Pjtl tle lecv ia xeructr ihtmjoed jo tle gmtexjmc cjrted jo tle Cjtexmtuxe Xeqjep# m bigvmxjr bigvmxjrio io ia bigvutmt bigvutmtjio jiomc mc xeructr xeructr pjcc mcri he h e vxereo vxereoted/ ted/ Tljr# Tljr# jo vmxmcce vmxmccecc pjtl pjtl tle bigvmxjrio pjtl e|vexjgeotmc xeructr# bmo `jqe jgvixtmot detmjcr xe`mxdjo` jombbuxmbz ibbuxxed jo tle rtudz mod lip xeructr gmz he jgvxiqed jo tle virrjhjcjtz ia autuxe pixnr ix aix tle heoet ia tle xemdex/ Tle xemdex gurt oite tlmt tle rmge gerl lmr heeo ured aix mcc tlxee bigvutmtjior# tlexeaixe blmo`er pexe oit gmde e|bevt aix z. xeoegeotr xeoegeotr pljbl pljbl pexe vexaixged djxebtcz jo tle riatpmxe/ riatpmxe/ Tle gerl pmr bxemted hmred io gmoz txjmcr txjmcr ia tle 0g)r 0g)r bmre mod tlexeaixe vxivexcz vxivexcz ivtjgjre ivtjgjred d aix tljr vmxtjbucm vmxtjbucmxx ip ecd/ ecd/ Lipe Lipeqe qex# x# mt =5g)r =5g)r## ip vleoigeom e|vexjeobed hz tle xitix mxe gubl djstexeot axig tle ioer mt 00g)r g)r pljbl gmz ru``ert tlmt m oep gerl rliucd he `eoexmted pjtl vmxtjbucmx mtteotjio ti tle gerl jo tle xe`jio ia tle hiuodmxz cmzex/
1/=
Bigv Bigvmx mxjr jrio io pjtl pjtl tle tle OXEC OXEC Vlmre Vlmre QJ e|vex e|vexjg jgeo eott
Axig vm`e 26 ti 28# rtxemgcjoer mod biotiuxr ia xecmtjqe qecibjtz gm`ojtude mxe djrvcmzed> tle xemdex gurt oite tle xecmtjqe qecibjtz jr tle ioe reeo hz tle cemdjo` ed`e ia tle hcmde mod oit tle ioe reeo rtmodjo` amx axig tle xitmtjo` xitix/ Tljr tzve ia qecibjtz qecibjtz jr vxeaexxed rjobe jt `jqer gixe joaixgmtjio aix mexiaijc mexidzomgjbr/ Jo Aj`uxe 5/= bmo he ihrexqed tlmt mt U 7 0g)r tle ip jr mttmbled io girt ia tle ∟
hcmde ruxambe e|bevt aix rgmcc xe`jior rlipo jo ,b* mod ,e*# jo ambt mt 26 % ia tle hcmde# 58
tle revmxmtji revmxmtjio o reegr ti he gjojg gjojgug/ ug/ Aj`uxe Aj`uxe 5/=1 ,h* `jqer gixe vxebjre joaixgmtjio> jodeed jt bmo he ihrexqed tlmt io tle rubtjio rjde# rtmxtjo` axig xiu`lcz |)b 7 56 ∘ 16%# rtxemgcjoer deqjmter axig tle vmxmccec johimxd rtxemgcjoer# deqjmtjo` tlejx vmtl tipmxdr m rvmopjre djxebtjio pljbl jr due ti beotxjau`mc mbbecexmtjio bmured hz xitmtjio ^82 ^82W/ W/ Mt U 7 =6g)r =6g)r revmxmtjio revmxmtjio reegr ti he h e pjdecz e|vexjeobed mt 12 % ia tle hcmde# auxtlex ∟
Aj`uxe 5/=0 rlipr tlmt tle rvmopjre giqegeotr oip ibbuvz girt ia tle rubtjio rjde hcmde e|bevt aix m rgmcc mxem rtmxtjo` axig xiu`lcz 16 % ti tle tjv/ Tleo revmxmtjio estebtr mxe gm`ojed mt mcc rebtjio aix m pjod rveed ia =5 g)r lexe mbbixdjo` ti e|vexjgeot momczrjr tle hcmde lmr eobiuotexed rtmcc# aix pljbl tljr cmx`e ip revmxmtjio piucd he e|vcmjoed/ Oip nez joaixgmtjio pjcc he `jqeo axig tle vxerruxe bieflbjeot djrtxjhutjio mod mr rlipo jo vm`er 44 ti 41# mt U 7 0g)r tle B v vcitr mt tlxee xmdjmc rtmtjior m`xee xmtlex ∟
pecc pjtl e|vexjgeotmc ioer# mctliu`l# cipex vxerruxe jr e|vexjeobed mt tle johiuod xe`jio ,Aj`uxe 5/< mod 5/:*/ 5/:*/ Djrm`xeegeot reegr ti jobxemre pjtl pjod rveed mod ervebjmccz aix tle rubtj rubtjio io rjde ia tle hcmde/ hcmde/ Jodeed Jodeed## mt U
∟
7 =6g)r =6g)r## m rj`ojbmot xe`jio ia lj`lex
vxerruxe jr e|vexjeobed mt x)X 7 6/12 axig tle cemdjo` ed`e uv xiu`lcz 45 % ia tle blixd aix tle cip cip vxerruxe vxerruxe rjde/ Lipe Lipeqe qexx mt itlex itlex rebtjior rebtjior## B v r rlip xmtlex `iid m`xeegeotr
pjtl e|vexjgeotmc dmtm mctliu`l ubtumtjior mxe oitjbemhce io tle rubtjio rjder/ Cmrtcz# vcitr mt =5 g)r pjod rveed bcemxcz rlip rj`ojbmot exxixr io mcc rubtjio rjder pjtl urumccz lj`lex qmcuer tlmo e|vexjgeotmc ioer/ Rtjcc# jt jr jotexertjo` ti oite# tlmt io mcc vxerruxe rjder# m`xeegeot jr girtcz vxereot/ Tle mhiqe vmxm`xmvlr ru``ert tlmt tle ougexjbmc getlid jr oit vxivexcz bmvtuxjo` lj`lcz lj`lcz bjxbucmtj bjxbucmtjo` o` tuxhuceot tuxhuceot ipr ipr ibbuxxjo` ibbuxxjo` mt virt'rtmc virt'rtmccc rveedr/ rveedr/ Tljr Tljr bmo he jodeed jodeed bioxged hz vexaixgmobe xeructr# jo ambt# mr djrvcmzed jo Aj`uxer 5/=: mod 5/86# tle big' vutmtjiomc exxix jobxemrer pjtl lj`lex pjod rveedr> jo ambt mt 0 g)r# tle vxedjbted tix}ue mod vipex mxe 0/5 % lj`lex tlmo tle bmcbucmted ioer pljbl# aix tle vuxvire ia tljr xevixt# jr mo mbbevtmhce xeructr/ Jt jr oit tle bmre aix lj`lex rveedr rubl mr mt =6 g)r plexe tle exxix jr uv ti 80/5 % mod aix tle virt'rtmcc pjod rveed ia =5 g)r plexe tle tix}ue jr 15/85 % cipex tlmo e|vebted/ Jt jr emrz ti biobcude tlmt tle rjgucmtjio aix U 7 0g)r# g)r# aix pljbl tle gerl pmr ∟
rvebjbmccz ivtjgjred# jr tle ioe tlmt `mqe tle hert xeructr/
52
1/8
Bigv Bigvmx mxjr jrio io pjt pjtl l vxeq vxeqji jiur ur pix pixn n
Lipeqex# tljr jr oit tle plice vjbtuxe# jo ambt# m bigvmxjrio pjtl vxeqjiur pixn pjcc vxi' qjde mo jorj`lt ti lip pecc itlex ougexjbmc rjgucmtjior lmqe vexaixged jo tljr vmxtjbucmx OXEC rtudz/ Jo tle `xmvl hecip# m bigvmxjrio ia rlmat tix}ue qmcuer ihtmjoed axig vxeqjiur rtudjer pjtl xeructr axig ACUEOT mod pjtl tle OXEC e|vexjgeot jr vxereoted/ Tle xeructr mxe tmneo axig tle aiccipjo` mxtjbcer pjtl tle ured BAD bide pxjtteo jo hxmnetr; Rüxeoreo et mc/,EccjvRzr2D*^ mc/,EccjvRzr2D*^4= 4=W# W# Gi mod Cee ,ACUEOT* ^82W ^82W## Ce Vmve mod Cebmou ,ecrM* ^48 ^48W# W# Lumo` et mc/ ,V'PEOI* ^42 ^42WW mod Vitrdmg mod Gmqxjvcjr ,IQEXACIP* ^86 ^86W/ W/ Jt lmr ti ti he oited tlmt xeructr mt =2 g)r lmqe heeo jobcuded jo tle bigvmxjrio mctliu`l tle bmre pmr oit vexaixged jo tljr rtudz/
8666
BAD ∘ ACUEOT E|vexjgeot Rixeoreo et mc/
=<66
Gi mod Cee Ce Vmve mod Cebmou
=166
Lumo` et mc/ Vitrdmg mod Gmqxjvcjr
=466 *
g O=866 e u } x i =666 T
,
<66
166
466
866 1
<
=6
=8 =4 Q ecibjtz# U , g) r *
=1
=<
86
Aj`uxe 1/=; Bigvmxjrio Bigvmxjrio ia bigvutmtjio bigvutmtjiomc mc xeructr xeructr ia tix}ue ihtmjoed axig vxeqjiur vxeqjiur pixn pixn
Mr bmo he ihrexq ihrexqed# ed# BAD xeructr xeructr lmqe lmqe cmx`e djrm`xeege djrm`xeegeot otrr mgio` mgio` embl embl itlex itlex mod vxereot m pjde xmo`e exxixr mod djrbxevmobjer axig tle e|vexjgeotmc xeructr/ Tle rtudjer tlmt bigvmxe hettex mxe tle ioer axig Rüxeorer et mc/# mc/# Lumo` et mc/ mod Gi mod Cee# pjtl tle cmttex vxereotjo` m hettex rjgucmtjio ia vexaixgmobe jo tle xmo`e axig =2 g)r ti =5 g)r# pljbl jr tle ioe plexe girt rtudjer eobiuotex lj`lex jombbuxmbjer Tljr `jqer mo 54
iqexqjep ia tle djflbuctz tlmt BAD ricqexr eobiuotex jo vxiberrjo` tix}ue xeructr ervebjmccz aix virt'rtmcc qecibjtjer# jo ambt mt 0 g)r girt xeructr mvvemx ti m`xee mbbuxmtecz/ Xeructr ihtmjoed jo tljr rtudz mxe `eoexmccz `eoexmccz ia cipex cipex }umcjtz jo bigvmxjrio bigvmxjrio ti itlexr# oeqextlecerr# oeqextlecerr# ja bigvmxed pjtl xeructr axig Ce Vmve mod Cebmou ,8664* # xeructr mvvemx jo tle rmge xmo`e mod bijobjde mt =5 g)r ,mctliu`l tle =2 g)r bmre pmr oit txemted*/ Mr xevixted jo tle rmge vuhcjbmtjio# tle RRT λ ∘ ϊ tuxhuceobe gidec jr ured mod xemrior aix jobixxebt dxiv jo tle `eoexmted tix}ue mvvemxr ti he due ti uoe|vebted emxcz cirr ia tix}ue mod oixgmc aixbe bieflbjeot mod mt =5 g)r tle gmjo biotxjhutjio ti tix}ue mvvemxr ti he ruvvcje ruvvcjed d hz tle hcmde xiit# plexemr plexemr tle cmhixmtixz cmhixmtixz xeructr xeructr rlip tle ivvirjte/ ivvirjte/ Jt gmz he ruggmxjred tlmt mbbixdjo` ti Ce Vive mod Cebmou ,8664*# tle OR ricqex eobiuotexr djflbuctjer mt bmvtuxjo` jgvixtmot estebtr ia ip revmxmtjio mt rtmcc rveed# jo ambt# matex tljr jojtjmc cirr# tix}ue jr xebiqexed bigvmxjo` pecc pjtl OXEC e|vexjgeot ^48W ^ 48W// Jo xe`mxd ti tle rjgucmtjio bmxxjed iut hz Gi mod Cee ^82W ^82W pjtl ACUEOT# tix}ue jr vxedjbted qexz qexz pecc mr pecc pecc mr vxerruxe djrtxjhutjio/ djrtxjhutjio/ Tle RRT λ ∘ ϊ gidec jr m`mjo ured ,bioxgjo` hejo` m amqiuxjte blijbe* mod tle gerl jr rtxubtuxed pjtl 2 Ð =61 le|mledxmc ecegeotr/ Mr biggeoted hz tle mutlixr jo tle mxtjbce# vxedjbted xeructr pexe ruxvxjrjo`cz mbbuxmte mod tle rtmcc pmr vxivexcz hejo` rjgucmted ^82 ^82W/ W/ Oe|t# m bigvmxjrio pjcc mcri he gmde jo texgr ia ruxambe cjgjtjo` urjo` xeructr axig tle cmrt tpi geotjioed xeaexeober ,Aj`uxe 1/8*/ 1/8*/ Tle hcmder hcmder rlipo rlipo jo ,m* xevxereo xevxereott tle ruxambe rtxemgcjoer ihtmjoed axig tljr rtudz# tleo jo ,h* mod ,b*# xeructr axig Ce Vmve mod Cebmou# mod Gi mod Cee mxe vxereoted xervebtjqecz/ Ja ,b* jr tmneo mr xeaexeobe# jt bmo he reeo tlmt mt 0 g)r jo ,b* ip jr girtcz tpi djgeorjiomc gemojo` tlmt xmdjmc giqegeotr mxe qexz cjgjted ti m rgmcc mxem bcire ti tle xiit ,tljr jr due ti mo lj`l mo`ce ia mttmbn *# jortemd jo ,h* mod eqeo gixe ,b* tljr mxem e|vmodr e|vmodr tipmxdr tipmxdr tle pljbl pljbl bcemxcz bcemxcz rliucd rliucd oit ibbux/ Mt m lj`lex lj`lex pjod rveed ia =6 g)r# ,b* rlipr tlmt axig |)b
≌
6/5 dipo ti tle txmjcjo` ed`e# rvmopjre bigvioeotr ia
tle rtxemgcjoer lmqe jobxemred tlejx estebtr> jortemd jo ,b*# revmxmted ip ibbuvjer cmx`ex ruxambe pljbl pljbl jr m`mjo gm`ojed gm`ojed jo ,m*/ Tleo mt virt'rtm v irt'rtmcc cc rveed# xmdjmc txmorcmtjior biqex biqex tle plice rubtjio ruxambe aix pljbl m djxebt bigvmxjrio bmooit xemccz gmde# lipeqex tle xemdex gj`lt lmqe ihrexqed m vmttexo# jo tle reore tlmt xeructr ihtmjoed jo tljr rtudz bcemxcz rlip tlmt tle rtmcc vleoigeoio ibbuxr mt mo emxcjex rtm`e/
55
,m* ACUEOT
,h* Ce Vmve mod Cebmou ^48W
,b* Gi mod Cee ^82W ^82W
Aj`uxe 1/8; Bigvuted cjgjtjo` rtxemgcjoer bigvmxjrio axig 0 ti =5 g)r ,tiv ti hittig*
Tle xemdex gurt oite tlmt auxtlex dmtm jr gubl oeeded jo ixdex ti lmqe m bcemx mod tlixiu`l iqexqjep ia tle plice ip ecd# rubl mr jote`xmc mexidzomgjbr ,cjat# dxm`# oixgmc mod tmo`eotjmc aixbe* mod jtr deveodmobz pjtl qmxjmtjio mo`ce ia mttmbn# pljbl `ier heziod tle rbive ia tljr tljr xevixt xevixt// Auxtlex uxtlex m pm pmne ne rtudz rtudz mr vexaixge vexaixged d hz Jqmo Jqmoecc ecc ^=4 ^=4WW mod tjv 51
mexidzomgjb momczrjr rubl mr tle ioe dioe hz Aexxex mod Guodumte ^44W ^44W bmo vxiqjde auxtlex mod jgvixtmot detmjcr/
50
Blmvtex 0
Biobcurjior mod autuxe pixn @eoexmc mrvebtr ia bmvmhjcjtjer ia Bigvutmtjiomc Acujd Dzomgjbr mvvcjed ti pjod tuxhjoer lmqe lmqe heeo momczred momczred mod djrburre djrburred/ d/ M titmc titmc ia tlxee rjgucm rjgucmtjio tjiorr lmqe lmqe heeo bigvuted bigvuted mod xeructr ia vxerruxe# tix}ue mod vipex mod ip ecd qecibjtz gm`ojtuder lmqe heeo bigvmxed bigvmxed pjtl e|vexjgeo e|vexjgeotmc tmc xeructr/ xeructr/ Jt lmr heeo ihrexqed ihrexqed tlmt `iid m`xeegeo m`xeegeott pjtl pjtl tle OXEC e|vexjgeot ibbux aix cip rveed pjod qecibjtz plexe tle ip io tle hcmde jr mttmbled mod rtmcc estebtr mxe gjojgug ix mhreot/ Tle aiccipjo` biobcurjior bmo he dxmpo; •
BAD bider rubl mr MORZR ACUEOT mxe vipexauc tiicr mod mxe e|vexjeobjo` jg' vixtmot vixtmot deqeci deqecivgeo vgeotr/ tr/ Lipe Lipeqe qex# x# mr ihrexq ihrexqed ed jo xebeot xebeot xeremxb xeremxbl l vuhcjbm vuhcjbmtjio tjior# r# tle mbbuxmbz ia rmjd vmbnm`er jr dehmtmhce/ Tlexeaixe mr ia oip# tlez mxe oit xecjmhce jo aixg ia derj`ojo` tiicr/
•
Tle mvvcjbmtjio ia BAD ti pjod tuxhjoer jr xecmtjqecz xebeot/ Jobxemre jo oughex ia vuhcjbmtjior vuhcjbmtjior lmr heeo reeo matex tle xecemre ia tle OXEC UME Vlmre QJ e|vexjgeotmc e|vexjgeotmc dmtm vxiqjdjo` mo jgvixtmot qmcjdmtjio tiic aix BAD getlidr/
•
Mctliu` Mctliu`l l pjtl pjtl aep e|bevtjior e|bevtjior## mr reeo jo Blmv Blmvtex tex 5 mod 1# rtmcc vleoigeoio jr vxedjbted pjtl djflbuctjer djflbuctjer hz BAD vmbnm`er vmbnm`er mod tuxhuceobe gidecr/ Mgio` tlere# tle RRT λ ∘ ϊ jr m biggio blijbe aix pjod tuxhjoe rtudjer/
•
Xeructr ihtmjoed axig rjgucmtjior m`xee pecc pjtl e|vexjgeotr mt 0 g)r mod pjtl jobxemrjo` qecibjtjer jombbuxmbz jobxemrer/ Lipeqex tle rlmver ia tle txeodr aix vxer' ruxe mod vexaixgmobe xeructr lmqe heeo vxedjbted/
5<
0/= 0/=
Autux utuxe e pixn ixn
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5:
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16
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18
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12
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14
Mvveodj| M
OXEC Vlmre QJ hcmde dmtm
^ =6W Aj`uxe M/=; OXEC Vlmre QJ pjod tuxhjoe hcmde dmtm ^=6W
15
Aj`uxe M/8; R<6: Mexiaijc biixdjomter
11
Mvveodj| H
Pmne ip qjrumcj{mtjio H/=
U ∟ 7 =6g)r
=6g)r g)r Aj`uxe H/=; Axiot qjep ia tle xitix/ U 7 =6 ∟
10
Aj`uxe H/8; RJde qjep ia tle pmne/ U
∟
7 =6g)r =6 g)r
=6g)r g)r Aj`uxe H/2; Tiv qjep ia tle pmne/ U 7 =6 ∟
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H/8
U ∟ 7 =5g)r
Aj`uxe H/4; Axiot qjep ia tle xitix U
∟
1:
7 =5g)r =5 g)r
Aj`uxe H/5; Rjde qjep ia tle pmne U
7 =5 =5g)r g)r
Aj`uxe H/1; Tiv qjep ia tle pmne U
7 =5g)r =5 g)r
∟
∟
06
