Republic Republic of the Philippines Central Luzon State University Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija
College of Engineering Civil Engineering epart!ent
CENGR 412- Structural Theory I Assignment #1
Submitte by!
"ealine o
Submission Laurence Lee "# Relao
$ctober %&,
'(%) *SCE +%
Submitte to!
"ate
Submitte Engr# -oseph "ran. /# Nagal '(%)
$ctober %&,
"I$$ERENT T%&ES '$ TR(SSES o
R''$ TR(SSES 1) Scissor Roo Truss / Scissor Roof 0russ can particularly be foun1 in cathe1rals# 2t 1oesn3t re4uire bea!s or bearing 5alls, ho5ever it 1oesn3t leave that !uch space for insulation 5hich !a.es its energy e6ciency very poor# $n the other han1, the upsi1e here is that the ceiling gets vaulte1 an1 you receive !ore space in the attic#
2) *o+e Truss 0his type of truss is a co!bination of steel an1 5oo1, 5hich !a.es it elegant, 5hile also o7ering a very appealing 1esign# /l!ost everything is !a1e out of 5oo1, ho5ever, the tension !e!bers or the vertical !e!bers are !anufacture1 out of steel in or1er to o7er e8tra support an1 reliability9 $ne thing that !a.es the :o5e 0russ e8traor1inary is the fact that it has a very 5i1e span, as it can cover anything fro! );(!# 0his !a.es it versatile an1 very useful for a 5i1e range of project types#
,) &ratt Truss 0his is one of the !ost popular steel roof truss types an1 it is 4uite econo!ical# 0his particular type of truss o7ers so!e interesting features !ainly than.s to the fact that the vertical !e!bers provi1e tension, 5hile the 1iagonal ones are bringing in co!pression# 2t3s i!portant to note that these trusses can be use1 for spans that range bet5een )%(!#
4) $an Truss -ust li.e you can see fro! !any roof truss type pictures, the "an 0russ co!es 5ith a very si!ple 1esign an1 it3s !a1e out
of steel# 2n this particular situation, the trusses for! a
) $in. Truss / "in. truss is a sy!!etrical truss that is co!prise1 of a single bar that has ar!s 5hich angle up5ar1s, 5ith >shape1 5ebs supporting the interior of the structure# 0hese trusses can cover over &( feet 5hen the 5eb pattern is 1uplicate1
/) 0ing &ost Truss 0his particular truss is !a1e out of 5oo1 !ost of the ti!e, but it can also be built out of a co!bination of steel an1 5oo1# 2t all co!es 1o5n to the architect an1 the buil1ing structure# 0he ?ing Post 0russ spans up to &!, 5hich !a.es it perfect for !ultiple types of houses, especially the s!aller ones#
) ueen &ost Truss 0he @ueen Post 0russ is 1esigne1 to be a very reliable, si!ple an1 versatile type of roof truss that you can use at any given ti!e# 2t o7ers a goo1 span, aroun1 %(!, an1 it has a si!ple 1esign 5hich !a.es it perfect for a 5i1e range of establish!ents#
3) North ight Roo Truss 0he North Light Roof 0russ is suitable for the larger spans that go over '(! an1 get up to ;(!# 0his happens because it3s cheaper to a11 a truss that has a 5i1e, larger set of lattice gir1ers that inclu1e support trusses# 0his !etho1 is one of the ol1est, as 5ell as !ost econo!ical ones that you can
5) Raise *eel Roo Truss Raise1heel trusses 1i7er fro! their conventional truss counter parts in that they are
16)
uarangular Roo Trusses
0hese are use1 for large spans, an1 this is 5hy you can encounter then in larger spaces, 5hich inclu1e au1itoriu!s or even rail5ay she1s#
11)
Sa+-tooth Roo truss
/ variation of the North light truss is the sa5tooth truss 5hich is use1 in !ultibay buil1ings# Si!ilar to the North light truss, it is typical to inclu1e a truss of the vertical face running perpen1icular to the plane of the sa5tooth truss#
12)
7arren Roo Truss
2n this type of truss, 1iagonal !e!bers are alternatively in tension an1 in co!pression# 0he Aarren truss has e4ual length co!pression an1 tension 5eb !e!bers, an1 fe5er !e!bers than a Pratt truss# / !o1i
1,)
8o+string Roo Truss
/ for! of truss in 5hich the upper chor1 or co!pression Dange is !a1e in the for! of a bo53 or curve, preferably a parabola, an1 the lo5er chor1 or tension!e!ber is a straight line# 0he truss rese!bles a bo5 an1 string, 5hence its na!e#
14)
Gambrel / Fa!brel is a barnstyle roof shape, an1 is often referre1 to as a GhipH roof# 0hese trusses can also be 1esigne1 as an attic truss that is co!plete 5ith a Door syste! built in#
1)
"ual &itche Roo Truss
*asically, the !ost use1 1ual pitche1 roof 1e
o
8RI"GE TR(SSES %# &ratt Truss / Pratt truss inclu1es vertical !e!bers an1 1iagonals that slope 1o5n to5ar1s the center, the opposite of the :o5e truss# 0he interior 1iagonals are un1er tension un1er balance1 loa1ing an1 vertical ele!ents un1er co!pression# 2f pure tension ele!ents are use1 in the 1iagonals Bsuch as eyebars then crossing ele!ents !ay be nee1e1 near the center to accept concentrate1 live loa1s as they traverse the span# 2t can be sub1ivi1e1, creating I an1 ?shape1 patterns# 0his truss is practical for use 5ith spans up to '=( feet BJ) ! an1 5as a co!!on con
;# 7arren Truss 9+ithout :erticals; 0he Aarren truss 5as patente1 in %&+& by its 1esigners -a!es Aarren an1 Ailloughby 0heobal1 Monzani, an1 consists of longitu1inal !e!bers joine1 only by angle1 cross !e!bers, for!ing alternately inverte1 e4uilateral triangle shape1 spaces along its length, ensuring that no in1ivi1ual strut, bea!, or tie is subject to ben1ing or torsional straining forces, but only to tension or co!pression# Loa1s on the 1iagonals alternate bet5een co!pression an1 tension Bapproaching the center, 5ith no vertical ele!ents, 5hile ele!ents near the center !ust support both tension an1 co!pression in response to live loa1s# +# &ar.er Truss / Par.er truss bri1ge is a Pratt truss 1esign 5ith a polygonal upper chor1# / Kca!elbac.K is a subset of the Par.er type, 5here the upper chor1 consists of e8actly
=# 8altimore Truss 0he *alti!ore truss is a subclass of the Pratt truss# / *alti!ore truss has a11itional bracing in the lo5er section of the truss to prevent buc.ling in the co!pression !e!bers an1 to control 1eDection# 2t is !ainly use1 for rail bri1ges, sho5ing o7 a si!ple an1 very strong 1esign# )# 0-Truss / truss in the for! of a K 1ue to the orientation of the vertical !e!ber an1 t5o obli4ue !e!bers in each panel# J# 7arren truss 9+ith
&# 8o+string Arch Truss 0he bo5string arch through truss bri1ge 5as patente1 in %&+% by S4uire Ahipple# Ahile si!ilar in appearance to a tie1 arch bri1ge, a bo5string truss is a truss an1 thus has 1iagonal loa1bearing !e!bers# 0hese 1iagonals result in a structure that !ore closely !atches a Par.er truss or Pratt truss than a true arch# # ueen &ost Truss 0he 4ueenpost truss, so!eti!es K4ueen postK or K4ueenspostK, is si!ilar to a .ing post truss in that the outer supports are angle1 to5ar1s the center of the structure# 0he pri!ary 1i7erence is the horizontal e8tension at the center 5hich relies on bea! action to provi1e !echanical stability# 0his truss style is only suitable for relatively short spans#
&ennsyl
%(#
