CEN Standard for fuel specification, classes and quality assurance Jouni Valtanen, Finnish Forest Industries Federation Eija Alakangas, VTT CEN/TC 335/WG 2 Fuel specification, classes and quality assurance EU Bionet Workshop Wood Fuel Quality, Standards & Certification Teagasc, Co Carlow, 2007-08-30 –
http://www.eubionet.net
CEN/TC 335 technical specifications for solid biofuels •
28 CEN Technical Specifications (prestandards) have been written by five different Working Groups WG 1: Terminology, definitions and description WG 2: Fuel specifications, classes and quality assurance
Fuel specifications and classes (CEN/TS 14961)
Fuel quality assurance (CEN/TS 15234)
WG 3: Sampling and sample reduction WG 4: Physical and mechanical test methods WG 5: Chemical test methods •
Upgrading Technical Specifications to EN standards ongoing (2007 – 2010) FFIF
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Specification and classes (CEN/TS 14961) •
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The classification is based on origin and source, major traded forms and property grades Hierarchical classification system in table format: 1. Woody biomass (from forest and wood processing industry, used wood) 2. Herbaceous biomass 3. Fruit biomass 4. Biomass blends and mixtures blends = intentional mixtures = unintentional For all user groups Special requirements for chemically treated biomass Chemical treatment defined as any treatment with chemicals other than air or water (e.g. glue and paint) • •
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Origin and source 1. Woody biomass 1.2. Wood processing industry, byproducts and residues
1.2.1 Chemically untreated 1.2.1.1 Wood without bark wood residues 1.2.1.2 Wood with bark * 1.2.1.3 Bark (from industry operations)* 1.2.1.4 Blends and mixtures 1.2.2 Chemically treated wood residues
1.2.3 Fibrous waste from the pulp and paper industry
1.2.2.1 Wood without bark 1.2.2.2 Wood with bark * 1.2.2.3 Bark (from industry operations)* 1.2.2.4 Blends and mixtures 1.2.3.1 Chemically untreated fibrous waste 1.2.3.2 Chemically treated fibrous waste
* cork is under bark FFIF 4
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Specification for traded forms
Grade tables for major traded forms briquettes pellets exhausted olive cake wood chips hog fuel wood logs sawdust bark straw bales General master table for others
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Properties •
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The classification is ”flexible”, and hence the producer or the consumer may select freely from each property class This classification does not bind different characteristics to each other A table for the traded forms including property classes Example M10, means that the moisture content has to be 10% on average Some of the properties are normative (mandatory) Origin and source always have to be stated Normative properties vary depending both on origin and traded form Moisture content (M) and ash content (A) are normative for all fuels Some properties are voluntary (informative), but they are recommended to be stated Informative Annex for special high quality grades of solid biofuels (Examples for wood briquettes, pellets, chips and log wood) recommended for household usage FFIF –
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How to use the classification •
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Boiler/burner manufacturers can select the property classes for their product The product can be marked with the classification
Manufacturer Output Fuel Classification (CEN/TS14961)
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Pelletburners Ltd 15 kW Wood pellets (1.2.1.1/1.2.1.4) D08/D06, M10, A0.7, DU97.5, F2.0
For packages information should be marked on the packages (=Fuel quality declaration), see CEN/TS 15234 For bulk material the Fuel Quality Declaration should be used
FFIF
Fuel quality assurance (CEN/TS 15234) Documention of the origin and source
Fuel Quality Declaration
Identification and collection of raw material Supply chain activities covered by CEN/TS 15234 • •
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traceability exists. requirements that influence the product quality is controlled. the end-user can have confidence in the product quality.
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Fuel quality assurance (CEN/TS 15234) •
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Based on the ISO 9000:2000 standards, of which only quality assurance and part of quality control has been utilised Can be used without ISO 9000 standard Fuel supply chain has to be described as a ”process” and documentation is important. Critical control points are points within or between processes at which relevant properties can be most readily assessed, also the points that offer the greatest potential for quality improvement
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Content of quality assurance (CEN/TS 15234) •
Quality assurance measures
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production requirements transportation, handling and storage Fuel Quality Declaration and labelling
Quality control measures
Specification of origin and source Specification of traded forms Determination of properties sampling
and sample handling determination of normative properties determination of informative properties accuracy •
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Several examples of documentation of production requirements e.g. pellet production Examples of Fuel Quality Declarations Calculation of net calorific value for moist biofuels FFIF 21.8.2007
Methodology for quality assurance • • •
Step 1: Document the steps in the production chain (flow sheet) Step 2: Define specification(s) for the product(s) Step 3: Analyse factors influencing product quality and company performance
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This includes also transportation, handling and storage
Step 4: Identify and document Critical Control Points for compliance with the product specification. Step 5: Select the appropriate measures that give confidence to customers that the specification(s) is/are being realised, by
identifying and documenting criteria and methods to ensure appropriate control of Critical Control Points,
monitoring and controlling the production process and making necessary adjustments for compliance with the quality requirements.
Step 6: Establish and document routines for separate handling of non-conforming materials and products.
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Production documentation •
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Documents shall be dated and signed the person allocated and authorised by the producer Documents shall be available on justified request throughout the entire supply chain. Fuel supplier will make a Fuel Quality Declaration to end-user or retailer. A template example for a Fuel Quality Declaration is given in informative Annex with some examples. For package solid biofuels the quality information shall be labelled on the packages. Suitable storage conditions shall also be required on the packaging. FFIF
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Example of Fuel quality declaration of wood pellets Producers
EAA Biofuels P.O. Box 1603 FI-40101 Jyväskylä tel. +358 20722 2550 E-mail:
[email protected]
Origin:
1.2.1.1 Wood without bark (cutter shavings)
Traded Form:
Pellets
Country of origin
Jyväskylä, Finland
Normative (CEN/TS 14961:2005) Dimensions (mm) Diameter (D) and Length (L)
D08
Moisture (w-% as received)
M10
10 %
Ash (w-% of dry basis)
A0.7
0,7%
Mechanical durability (w-% of pellets aft er testing)
DU97.5
97,5 % (Quality class 1)
Amount of fines (w-%, < 3.15 mm) after production at factory gatea Additives (w-% of pressing mass)
8 mm 0,5 mm, and L 4 x Diameter
1,0 % for small bags F1.0 In last possible place in the production site
a
Starch < 1
Informative (CEN/TS 14961:2005)
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> 600 kg/m3
Bulk density as received (kg/m3 loose)
DB600
Energy density, E
E4.7 [kWh/kg]
FFIF
Quality control •
Properties may not be needed to measure, if they are known through information about the origin and handling/preparation e.g. by litterature (net calorific value of saw dust) by experience
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Visual inspection is very important in quality control Working instructions and training of staff is utmost important. If laboratory analysis is needed, use a) simplified methods b) reference methods (CEN methods for sampling and physical/chemical analysis or methods referable to them)
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Target in the future
BIOENERGY STATION D 0.6 DU 97.5
D 0.8 DU 97.5 TAKE A PACK
20kg
20kg
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