CEBU DOCTORS’ UNIVERSITY – COLLEGE OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer. MPL 90%
_ A_ 1. Referred to as “suicide bags” of the cell, containing a variety of hydrolytic and degradative enzyme – A. Lysosomes C. Microsome B. Golgi apparatus D. Ribosomes
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_ B_ 2. The ability of water to absorb and store a large amount of heat thus preventing the rise in body temperature is called – A. High heat conductivity C. High latent heat of evaporation B. High specific heat D. All of the above
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_ C__3. The most prominent feature of the eukaryotic cell, serving as its information center, is the – A. Mitochondria C. Nucleus B. Nucleolus D. Endoplasmic reticulum
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__D_ 4. Reactions in vivo can be differentiated from reactions in vitro by the following – A. Mild due to high specific heat of water. B. Fast due to presence of enzymes. C. Orderly due to cell specialization. D. All of the above.
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_ B_ 5. Water as hydrophilic colloid system, has for its main function – A. Hastens chemical reaction. B. Maintains body temperature. C. Maintenance for the size and shape of cell. D. All of the above. Susan is 21 years old. Ever since she can remember, her monthly menstrual periods has been associated with a moderate to severe crampy hypogastric pains, accompanied by a profuse flow. Her physician prescribed iron supplements to be taken everyday and referred her for a gynecologic consult. However, she is so busy in school that it seems impossible to fit this with her schedule. There are many occasions when she forgets to buy her iron tablets and, even when she has a supply of it, she forgets to take the medicine regularly. Lately she has been complaining of body weakness. On more than one occasion, her friends commented that she looked pale.
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_ B_ 6. The following could be true about the peripheral smear of the blood of Susan. A. the rbc’s are unusually large (megaloblastic). B. the rbc’s are small (microcytic) and hypochromic. C. the rbc’s would have different sizes, and different shapes. D. All of the above are true.
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_ A_ 7. In her case, the following results could be true: A. level of hemoglobin is below normal B. serum transferrin value is depressed. C. serum ferritin value is elevated D. All of the above are true. MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer.
MPL 70%
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_D_ 8. Therefore, the best thing that Susan could do is: A. Seek gynecological consult. B. Eat iron rich foods. C. Continue with her iron supplement. D. All of the above. _ A_ 9. Iron in the body is absorbed in: A. ileum B. fundus of the stomach D. jejunum
C. duodenum
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_ D_ 10. The glycoprotein involved in the transport or iron is: A. ferredoxin C. ferrous iron B. apoferritin D. transferrin
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_ B_11. The major protein involved n the storage or iron is: A. lactoferrin B. ferritin
C. transferrin D. ferredoxin
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_A_ 12. Iron that has anti-microbial effects thus can protect the newborn: A. lactoferrin C. apoferritin B. ferredoxin D. transferrin
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_B_ 13. The following statement(s) is/are true about iron: A. Cooking of food does not necessarily affect its absorption. B. Low ph is necessary in its absorption C. Much of it is absorbed in the intestines and much is also excreted. D. All of the above are true.
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_D_ 14. Ingested iron is: A. B.
Absorbed by the mucosal cell Once absorbed by the mucosal cell, it can be excreted through cellular slough.
C. D.
Absorbed, then it could be absorbed by the capillary and trapped by transferrin. All of the above are true.
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_ B_ 15. Protein digestion starts in the: A. Mouth where the amylase can be found. B. Stomach where the acidic environment favors denaturation. C. Intestines where proteolytic enzymes are abundant D. All of the above.
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_ D_ 16. The following statement(s) is/are true about protein turnover: A. Proteins that are important in metabolic regulation are generally short-lived B. Protein turnover takes place constantly in cells. C. Ubiquitin tap the protein for destruction D. All of the above.
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__D_17. Amino acids released on protein digestion follow this fate: A. They are degraded into specific compounds B. The amino group is removed form the amino acid in a process called deamination. C. The keto acids that results are metabolized so that the C skeletons can enter the TCA cycle. D. All of the above. MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer.
MPL 70%
__A_ 18. Excess NH4 from the breakdown of amino acids are: A. converted into urea and excreted B. converted to proteins and re-utilized by the body C. utilized in the glycolytic pathway for glucose formation D. all of the above
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__C_19. The carbon skeletons of the 5C amino acids enter the citric acid cycle as: A. glutamate C. Ketoglutarate B. glycine D. urocanate
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_ A_ 20. The amount of enzyme that will produced one micromote of product/min. at 250C, under standardized condition is called – A. unit of activity C. turnover number B. specific activity D. Michaelis-Menten constant
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_ B_ 21. When lead combines with the sulfhydryl group of enzymes, it inactivates the enzyme; this inactivation is brought about by – A. competitive inhibition B. non-competitive inhibition C. allosteric inhibition D. de-inhibition
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_B_ 22. In a complex enzyme system, the protein, heat labile, non dialyzable portion is called – A. Holoenzyme C. Co-enzyme B. Apoprotein D. Prosthetic group
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_B_ 23. Activity of enzymes is expressed in terms of – A. product formation B. velocity
C. ES complex D. Km
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_D_ 24. At the start of the reaction of enzymes, velocity of enzyme reaction is directly proportional to enzyme concentration provided the following condition(s) is/are present – A. substrate is in excess C. a 1st order kinetics B. a zero order kinetics D. A and B
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_C_ 25. In an enzyme-substrate reaction, a large Km means – A. it is equal to its maximum velocity B. a high affinity of enzyme for the substrate C. a low affinity of enzyme for the substrate D. it is directly proportional to its velocity
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_A_ 26. A co-enzyme that can act alternately as an oxidizing and reducing agent is – A. Vitamin C C. Vitamin B2 B. Vitamin B1 D. Vitamin K
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_A_ 27. The following enzyme can bring about the cleavage of C-C, C-O, and C-N bonds in a substrate – A. Lyase C. Isomerase B. Ligase D. Hydrase MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer.
MPL 60%
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_B_ 28. An enzyme is considered as oxidase, when in the reaction which it catalyzes: A. oxygen is added to the substrate B. oxygen is the H+ acceptor C. oxygen acts as co-enzyme D. oxygen is given off _B_ 29. The amount of energy expressed in calories per mole, that must be supplied before there is sufficient interaction between reactants to form
product, is called – A. unit of activity B. energy of activity
C. catalytic energy D. Km
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_A_ 30. A 2 month old bottle-fed infant was brought to her pediatrician’s clinic because the mother complained that the infant often had colic and diarrhea which were especially noted after intake of her formula. This infant could be deficient in: A. Lactase C. Amylase B. Maltase D. Sucrase
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_A_ 31. Initial chemical digestion of carbohydrates to maltose takes place in the: A. Mouth C. Stomach B. Esophagus D. Intestine
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_D_ 32. Acetylcholine stimulates the secretion of the following, EXCEPT; A. Saliva C. Pancreatic enzymes B. Gastric juices D. No exception
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_C_ 33. The following statements describe the plasma membranes of the parietal cells in the stomach: A. The contaluminal region contains H+/K+ ATPase. B. Chloride ions are exchanged for HCO3 ions in the luminal side. C. Under steady state conditions, movement of HCI through the luminal region is coupled to the movement of bicarbonate ions through the contraluminal side. D. None of the above.
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_C_34. A 40 year old, G2P2, Filipina, weighing 80 kgs. Came into the emergency room complaining of severe RUQ pain radiating to the back which was noted after eating lechon at her friend’s birthday party. The internist’s diagnosis which was confirmed by ultrasound was cholecystitis with cholithiasis. The reasons why gallstones develop in the gallbladder are the following, EXCEPT: A. Contact time between bile and crystallization nuclei is greater in the gallbladder. B. Gallbladder concentrates bile by reabsorbing water C. Bile secreted by the gallbladder is supersaturated with cholesterol than the bile secreted by the liver which contains more phospholipids. D. No exception.
MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer. MPL 60%
D_ 35. True of micelles, EXCEPT: A. Aggregates of bile acids which possess detergent properties. B. Major vehicle for moving lipids from the lumen to the mucosal surface of the enterocytes where absorption occur. C. Not important in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins. D. No exception.
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_B_ 36. The following statement(s) about pepsin is/are true: A. They denature proteins making them more susceptible to hydrolysis by amylases. B. They are active in an acid environment but unstable in a neutral environment. C. They are generated from the proenzyme pepsinogen which are activated by HCl alone. D. All
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_B_ 37. Glucose transport through the intestinal epithelium: A. Occurs through tight junctions between cells through a Na+-glucose cotransport. B. Occurs transcellularly driven by the electrochemical Na+ gradient C. Is directly dependent on a supply of ATP that energizes the Na+-K+ATPase. D. Occurs with the concentration gradient.
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_C_ 38. The final digestion of proteins occurs at: A. The intestinal lumen by trypsin B. The luminal surface of the enterocytes by aminopeptidases C. Inside the enterocytes by dipepetidases. D. In the capillaries located near the bases of the enterocytes
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_A_ 39. Absorption of lipids by the epithelial cells occurs by: A. Diffusion through the plasma membrane B. Active transport C. Cotransport with Na+ D. Carrier mediation
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_B_ 40. The principle behind the use of oral rehydration in diarrhea is the theory of ”itching on” the ff. mechanism: A. Sodium chloride coupled entry B. Sodium-glucose coupled entry C. Passive diffusion of sodium D. All of the above
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_D_ 41. Studies have shown that inspite of the diarrhea considerable absorption in the GIT still occurs which is true for – A. Carbohydrates – 80%-90% C. Proteins – 50-75% B. Fats – 50-80% D. All of the above
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_B_ 42. The signs and symptoms of dehydration usually are not obvious until
fluid losses amount to at least – A. 1-2% of body weight B. 4-5 of body weight
C. 6-9% of body weight D. 10-15% of body weight
MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer. MPL 60%
_B_ 43. To achieve maximal absorption of Na+ and water, the ORS solution should have a glucose concentration of – A. 10-20 gm/L C. 30-40 gm / L B. 20-30 gm/L D. 40-50 gm/ L
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_C_ 44. The leading cause of diarrhea (etiologic agent) in children below 5 years old is – A. Staph. aureus C. Rotavirus B. E. coli D. Cholera vibrio
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_D_ 45. The following are true regarding inorganic elements, EXCEPT: A. They are needed to provide a suitable medium for protoplasmic activity. B. They play a role in osmotic phenomena. C. They are involved in acid-base equilibra. D. They are negligible and are not important in the body metabolism
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_B_ 46. The freely moving calcium in tissue, extracellular fluid and blood is known as: A. Ionized calcium C. Bound-calcium B. Miscible calcium pool D. All of the above
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_B_ 47. The vitamin that aids the absorption of calcium and phosphates in the GIT: A. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E B. Vitamin D D. Vitamin K
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_C_ 48. Iron in the diet is reduced to the ferrous form in the presence of: A. Ferritin C. Gastric acidity B. Antacids D. Calcium
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_B_ 49. Extrahepatic tissues like the skeleton and heart muscle utilize the following ketone bodies as source of fuel, EXCEPT: A. Acetoacetic acid C. B-hydroxybutyric acid B. Acetone D. Ketoacids
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_D_ 50. Chylomicrons produces the “milky” appearance of blood following a heavy intake of fat, and can be removed only by the action of – A. Lipoprotein lipase C. Insulin B. Heparin D. A and B
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_D_ 51. After long period of starvation, fats may still be found in the tissues, in the form of – A. Triglycerides C. Cholesterol B. Phospholipids D. B and C
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_D_ 52. Fatty acids, in order to be oxidized through B-oxidation in the mitochondria must be”ferried” through the mitochondrial membrane and this is brought about by – A. Acetyl Co A C. Thiokinase B. Thiolases D. Carnithine
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_D_ 53. Once formed in the body, cholesterol can give rise to – A. Bile acids B. Vitamin D MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer.
MPL 60%
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C. Steroid hormones D. All of the above
_A_ 54. The following statement(s) is/are true about glycolysis: A. It can occur without oxygen. B. It happens in the mitochondria of cells. C. It is only an alternative pathway for the metabolism of glucose. D. Aerobic glycolysis results in the production of lactic acid _C_ 55. Storage form of glucose in animals: A. Starch B. Polysaccharides
C. Glycogen D. All of the above
_A_ 56. Gluconeogenesis is the process of: A. Transormation of non-glucose substrates into glucose. B. Breakdwon of glycogen into single glucose units. C. Breaking of glucose into energy. D. All of the above. _A_ 57. Glycogenolysis means: A. Breakdown of glycogen into single glucose units. B. Breakdown of glucose into energy. C. Formation of glycogen from single glucose units. D. All of the above. _C_ 58. The end product of anaerobic metabolism is; A. Pyruvate B. Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
C. D.
Lactate 2 phosphoglycerate
Wilma, a black, silky-skinned, long-legged sexy model was interviewed over at a TV talk-show and was asked about her features which were very much different form her claimed parents and sibling. Someone from out-of-the blue called and claimed to be her biological father. To settle this big controversy about her identity she had to submit herself to a DNA test. 60%
_A_ 59. Only 4 bases in DNA can code for the huge amount of information needed to make an organism and this is because of the ff. reason(s): A. The linear oder or sequence of bases along the DNA is completely unrestricted. B. Base pairs lie almost flat and staked on top of the another perpendicular to the long axis of the double helix. C. Base pairings in the double helix are said to be complementary. D. DNA bases are arranged into codons in different combinations and in various lengths.
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_D_ 60. The ff. is/are correct of the nomenclature of nucleotides: A. They are named as the phosphates of nucleosides. B. The phosphorus atoms are labeled , and gamma starting from that nearest to the C5. C. The primed number indicates the position of esterification on ribose. D. All of the above.
MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer. MPL 80%
_D_ 61. Physiologic functions of nucleotides include: A. Protein and nucleic acid synthesis B. Regulatory cascades C. Intra and intercellular signal transduction pathways D. All of the above
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_B_ 62. The initial step is the salvage pathway for the recovery of the purines and pyrimidines released during metabolism involves the following: A. Phosphorylation of inosine monophosphate to inosine diphosphate B. Reaction of ribose-5-PO4 with phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form the monophosphate. C. inosine monophosphate is dephosphorylated to form hypoxanthineribonucleoside. D. inosine monophosphate is aminated to form inosine.
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_C_ 63. Base pairing in the DNA helix is complementary, this means that; A. Adenine pairs with cystosine B. Thymine pairs with guanine C. Guanine pairs with cytosine D. Thymine pairs with cytosine
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_D_ 64. The base pairs are the right size to fit into the helix because: A. A-C of G-T pairs have the correct H-bonding pattern. B. The distance between the points at attachment of the bases to the 2 strands of the sugar PO4 backbone is the same for the 2 pairs. C. The length of one complete turn of the helix contains 10 base pairs. D. All of the above.
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_D_ 65. Denaturation of DNA: A. is also referred to as “melting” B. is characterized by hyperchromicity C. is seen when bases become unstacked D. all of the above
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_D_ 66. The foremost utility of DNA denaturation: A. to determine genetic sequence in gene mapping B. to obtain single stranded DNAs C. for experimental purposes of any kind D. all of the above
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_B_ 67. Ben was diagnosed to have chronic myelocytic leukemia. He is on the second cycle of his chemotherapy. After the session, he was given a prescription for allopurinol tablets. The reason for this is: A. he has an increased excretion of uric acid B. there is an increased breakdown of nucleic acids C. leukemic patients synthesize purines and pyrimidines faster D. one of the complication of leukemia is gouty arthritis
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_D_ 68. Being his birthday, David had an alcohol binge last night indulging himself with chicken liver and entrails. He woke up with a splitting headache, and acute pain on his left big toe and he was dizzy. The big toe seems very swollen. David is probably having; A. a hangover C. rheumatoid arthritis B. osteoarthritis D. acute gouty arthritis MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer.
MPL 70%
_D_ 69. Primary management in David’s case would be: A. hydration B. pain relievers C. minimize intake of purine rich food D. all of the above
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_B_ 70. As to the latest concept of respiratory chain (ETS) it is observed that the collecting point for reducing substrate is: A. NAD linked dehydrogenase. B. Coenzyme Q. C. FAD linked DEH (dehydrogenase). D. Electron transferring flavoprotein.
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_B_ 71. The enzyme present in RBC that catalyzes the destruction of hydrogen peroxide thus protecting the membrane lipids and hemoglobin against oxidation by peroxide is – A. Catalase C. Monooxygenase B. Glutathione peroxidase D. Superoxide dismutase
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_A_ 72. Some biochemist believed that the toxicity of oxygen is due to its conversion to superoxide and this is formed – A. during univalent oxidations with molecular oxygen in the respiratory chain. B. when reduced NADP are reoxidized univalently by molecular oxygen. C. when reduced cytochromes are oxidized. D. All of the above.
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_D_ 73. In the TCA cycle, FAD is the hydrogen acceptor form the following compounds, thus forming 3 ATPs – A. Isocitrate C. L-malate B. , Ketoglutarate D. All of the above
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_A_ 74. Atractyloside inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by – A. Inhibiting the oxidation of the substrate that communicates directly with the respiratory chain. B. Inhibiting the transport of ADP into the mitochondria. C. Blocking the respiratory chain at cytochrome oxidase. D. Blocking the breakdown of ATP to c-AMP.
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_C_ 75. Evaporation through the skin and lungs as a vehicle for losing heat from the body, removes – A. 5% of heat C. 27% of heat B. 10% of heat D. 70% of heat
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_B_ 76. The ability of the different foodstuffs to replace each other in the diet for energy as well as for heat production in proportion to their caloric value is – A. Specific dynamic action of foods B. Isodynamic laws of Hubner. C. Protein sparing action of foods. D. Plethora Theory of Lusk
MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer. MPL 70%
_D_ 77. The Atwater-Rosa-Benedict calorimeter is used to measure the following – A. heat produced C. carbon dioxide output B. oxygen utilized D. core temperature
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_D_ 78. When the temperature of the environment is high, one way of losing heat from the body is through the skin via the process of – A. radiation C. conduction B. convection D. All of the above.
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_C_ 79. A 27 year old female came to the ER for complaints of difficulty of breathing increase after a quarrel with her boyfriend. All vital signs were normal except for an increase in the respiratory rate of 30/min. Her digits were slightly cool and hyperextended. An ABG was taken and the result showed respiratory alkalosis. The mechanism of the respiratory alkalosis in this state is the following – A. The low oxygen content of the air stimulates respiration which cause excess loss of CO2 and development of mild respiratory alkalosis upon ascent to high altitude. B. Major means of compensation are the chemical buffers of the body fluids and the ability of the kidney to increase bicarbonate secretion. C. Overventilation of the lungs causes an excess removal of CO2 from the body. D. All of the above are true.
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_A_ 80. A 2 year old male child was brought to the ER by the mother because of unresponsiveness. The patient had on and off episodes of diarrhea 1 week PTA which the mother cannot account. 3 days PTA, she noted the child to have increased episodes of stooling, but still not quantified and gave the child, boiled rice water which she claimed had reduced the diarrheic episodes. A nite PTA, the patient kept on sleeping and this morning when patient was awakened by the mother, he was unresponsive. BP = 40/20 ; CR = 92/MIN ; RR = 12/min shallow; Temp. = 36.50C. Skin showed (+) testing, oral cavity dry, clear breath sounds, regular cardiac rhythm, no murmur, abdomen was tympanitic. Serum electrolytes showed Na = 128 meq/L ; K+ = 2.5 meq/L ; ABG pH 7.3 ; pCO2 = 45 ; HCO3 = 15 ; O2 saturation = 95%. Which of the following is most likely the problem in this patient? A. The patient developed metabolic acidosis because of severe Dehydration 20 to diarrhea. B. The patient went into coma because of brain damage. C. The patient is very weak because of hypokalemia alone.
D. 60%
The patient is just tired from having diarrhea and needs to sleep it off.
_B_ 81. The mechanism for the above impression is due to: A. Impairment of renal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption causing the loss of HCO3- in the urine. B. Normally, gastrointestinal secretions contain large amounts of HCO 3- and they are lost in the stools during diarrheic episodes. C. Fats in the GIT are split into acetoacetic acid casuing severe metabolic acidosis. D. The kidneys of this patient did not have a compensatory mechanism. MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer.
MPL 60%
_A_ 82. The following are the abnormalities seen in the patient, EXCEPT: A. Hypoxemia C. Hyponatremia B. Hypokalemia D. Severe dehydration
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_D_ 83. Other causes that could contribute to metabolic acidosis include the following – A. chronic renal failure C. vomiting B. ingestion of aspirin D. all of the above
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_D_ 84. The following statement(s) characterize(s) the hormonal cascade system: A. The target gland is the last hormone producing tissue in the cascade which is stimulated by a specific anterior pituitary hormone. B. Signals consisting of external and internal hormonal signals are first transmitted to the CNS. C. Negative feedback mechanisms provide tight controls in the operation of the cascade. D. All of the above.
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_A_ 85. A 14 year old female was admitted for multiple injuries secondary to a vehicular accident. A CT scan was done which showed a fracture in the sella turcica and a hemorrhage at the posterior pituitary, the anterior pituitary was intact. The injury would cause failure in the ultimate release of which hormone: A. Oxytocin C. Thyroid stimulating hormone B. Growth hormone D. Prolactin
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_A_ 86. Symptoms of the abovementioned hormone deficiency would include: A. Failure of milk letdown B. Growth delay C. Easy fatigability D. Inability of the breast tissue to produce milk
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_A_ 87. A 26 year old male, figured in a car accident. Physical examination showed bleeding on multiple sites with BP noted to be 90/60mmHg. What is the main driving force for aldosterone synthesis: A. Angiotensin II C. Stress B. Acetylcholine D. All of the above
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_A_ 88. The following statement about corticosteroid-binding globulin is true: A. It binds about 80% of the total 17-hydroxysteroids in the blood. B. 22% of cortisol in the blood is bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin. C. Majority of aldosterone is bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin. D. Hormones bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin bind to intracellular receptors and produce biological effects.
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_C_ 89. Hormones bind to specific receptors sites in the cell. Which is not the right pair: A. Insulin : Cell surface C. Aldosterone : Cell surface B. Cortisol : Cell cytoplasm D. Thyroid hormone : Nucleus
MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer. MPL 70%
_D_ 90. “Hormone” is a Greek term which means: A. to regulate B. to control
C. to overpower D. to set in motion
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_A_ 91. An understanding of the circulating half-life of a hormone is important to: A. achieve physiologic hormone replacement B. have an idea on how the hormone is synthesized C. get a general view on the secretion of the hormone D. facilitate understanding on how the hormone is degraded
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_A_ 92. Hormones bind to receptors with: A. highs specificity B. high affinity
C. no regard to the class of the receptor D. only A and B
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_A_ 93. True about the negative feedback mechanism: A. Conditions resulting from the action of the hormone prevents its further release. B. It usually potentiates the activity of the hormone itself. C. When the target tissue activity rises to a certain level, feedback signals empower the hormone even more to produce a cascade of effects. D. The controlled variable is the secretory rate of the hormone.
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_B_ 94. One of the following hormones uses the cAMP as the second messenger system: A. Glucagon C. Vasopressin B. Thyroid releasing hormone D. Angiotensin II
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_C_ 95. One of the following hormones use the phospholipase C as the second messenger system: A. Calcitonin B. B receptors of the catecholamines C. Alpha receptors of the catecholamines D. Follicle stimulating hormone.
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_A_ 96. True about the positive feedback mechanism: A. The biological action of the hormone causes additional secretion of the hormone. B. The surge of the hormone causes inhibition to its further release. C. It prevents the overactivity of the hormone system D. A fitting example would be the hypothalamic, pituitary thyroid axis. Jessica visited her physician a week ago for urinary tract infection. She was given a course of antibiotics which relieved her symptoms. One of the incidental findings in her urinalrysis was a sugar of +2. Her 2 babies were both born big and fat. She herself is on the obese side.
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_A_ 97. The abnormality in the glucose homeostasis in Jessica’s case could be due to a derangement in the hormones produced by the following organs, EXCEPT: A. kidneys C. pancreas B. thyroid gland D. adrenals
MULTIPLE CHOICE : Choose the best answer. MPL 60%
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_D_ 98. If Jessica’s pancreas is normal, the following would describe the organ anatomically: A. It would be retroperitoneal at the level of the 4th and 5th lumbar verterbrae. B. Anterior to it would be the transverse colon, the attachment of the transverse mesocolon and the stomach. C. Posterior to it would be the lesser sac. D. All of the above. _D_ 99. Insulin has the following effect(s): A. inhibition of lipoprotein lipase B. increased glycogen synthesis
C. decreased K+ uptake D. All of the above
_C_ 100. Insulin acts rapidly by: A. inhibiting protein catabolism B. inhibiting protein synthesis C. increasing transport of glucose D. activating phosphorylase and gluconeogenic enzymes.
BIOCHEMISTRY REFERENCES :
1. Biochemistry – Campbell 3rd edition 2. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlation by Thomas Devlin 3. Biochemistry by Harper, 25th edition 4. Biochemistry a Case Oriented Aprroach by Mosby 5. Biochemistry by Orten and Newhaus
