cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : Routing Protocols
Routing Protocols
%yp"s o( Routing Protocols
Rout"' Protocols
outing protocols *ob is to maintain routing tables and route packets appropriately. Examples of routing are IP, I#P, EI#P, $%P&.
outed protocols are used to transport user traffic from source node to destination node. Examples of routed protocols are IP, IP+ and ppleTalk.
Class(ul Routing Protocols 0lassful routing protocols do not exchange subnet information during r outing information exchanges. The summarization is always done automatically at ma*or network boundaries. Ex: IP !8, I#P
Classl"ss Routing Protocols In classless classless routing protocols, subnet information information is exchanged during during routing updates. This results in more efficient utilization of IP addresses. The summarization in classless networks is manually controlled. Ex: IP !", EI#P, $%P&, '#P !(, and I%)I%
D"(ault A'ministrati," 'istanc"s
Distance Vector: 1istance !ector routing determines the direction and distance to any link in the internetwork. internetwork. %maller %maller the metric, metric, better the path. 1istance 1istance !ector routing is useful useful for smaller smaller networks. Ex: IP and I#P.
)in$ Stat": Stat": lso known as %P& algorithms, %P& generates the exact topology of the entire network for route computation by listening to the first hand information. 'andwidth and delay are the most widely used metrics. Ex: $%P& and 23%P.
&alanc"' *y+ri': *y+ri': 'alanced 4ybrid combines some aspects of 3ink %tate and 1istance 5ector routing protocols. It uses distance !ectors with more accurate metrics to determine the best paths to destination destination networks. networks. Ex: EI#P
ARP
1irectly 0onnected Interface))))))6 7 External '#P))))))))))6 "7 %tatic oute))))))6 8 Internal '#P)))))))))))6 "77 Internal EI#P))))))6 97 I#P))))))6 877 $%P&))))))6 887 IP))))))6 8"7 I%)I%))))) )6 88 ;nknown " n administrati!e administrati!e distance of 7 represents represents highest trustworthiness of the route. route. n administrati!e administrati!e distance of " represents represents the lowest lowest trustworthiness trustworthiness of the route.
ddress esolution esolution Protocol -P -P is used to to resol!e a hosts hosts IP address to its physical address -such as /0 address, to allow communication on a multi)access medium such as ethernet. e!erse P -P -P is used to obtain an IP address from physical physical address -such as /0. P P broadcast broadcast may be used to obtain IP address to boot by diskless diskless workstations workstations o!er a network.
Copyright © 2011 SimulationEams!com 2011 SimulationEams!com
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA N"t#or$ Simulator
CCNA Eam Simulator
CCEN% Eam Simulator
CCNA ICND2 Eam Simulator
CCNP &SCI Eam Simulator
cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : EIGRP and OSPF EIGRP +Enhanc&d Int&rior Gat&'ay Protoco#, I!portant t&r!s "s&d in EIGRP
Routing metrics used by IGRP
S"cc&ssor 0 A route ,or routes- selected as the primary route,s- used to transport packets to reach destination. 8ote that successor entries are kept in the routing ta!le of the router % F&asi-#& s"cc&ssor 0 A route ,or routes- selected as !ackup route,s- used to transport packets to reach destination. 8ote that feasi!le successor entries are kept in the topology ta!le of a router. D.A/ +Di"sing .pdat& A#gorith!,0 nhanced $7+P uses DA3 algorithm to calculate the !est route to a destination
*and'idth0 his is represents the ma'imum throughput of a link. 1). ,9a'imum ransmission nit-0 his is the ma'imum message length that is accepta!le to all links on the path. he larger 9 means faster transmission of packets. R&#ia-i#ity0 his is a measurement of relia!ility of a network link. $t is assigned !y the administrator or can !e calculated !y using protocol statistics. D&#ay0 his is affected !y the !and width and :ueuing delay. /oad0 3oad is !ased among many things( 6P usage( packets processed per sec
For $7+P routing( you need to provide AS ,Autonomous System- num!er in the command. +outers need AS num!er to e'change routing information. +outers !elonging to same AS e'change routing information.
OSPF+Op&n Short&st Path First, OSPF Priority
OSPF and OSPF Ar&a
OSPF ro"t&r ID d&t&r!ination
OSPF is a link state technology that uses Dijkstra algorithm to compute routing information.
1. se the address configured !y the ospf router"id command #. se the highest num!ered $P address of a loop!ack interface %. se the highest $P address of any physical interface &. $f no interface e'ists( set the router"$D to ).).).)
An OSPF area is a collection of networks and routers that have the same area identification.OSPF process identifier is locally significant.
he ip ospf priority command is used to set manually which router !ecomes the D+. he range is )" #22 and the default is 1. ) means it will never !e D+ or /D+.
DR and *DR E#&ction *hen two or more routers are contending to !e a D+ ,designated +outer- on a network segment( the router with the highest OSPF priority will !ecome the D+ for that segment. he same process is repeated for the /D+. $n case of a tie( the router with the highest +$D will win. OSPF Ar&a )yp&s
Ro"t&r )yp&s
Standard Ar&a 0 Default OSPF area type St"- Ar&a 0 'ternal link ,type 2- 3SAs are replaced with a default route )ota##y St"--y Ar&a 0 ype %( &( and 2 3SAs are replaced with a default route Not So St"--y Ar&a +NSSA, 0 A stu! area containing an AS/+4 type 2 3SAs are converted to type 5 within the area
Int&rna# Ro"t&r 0 All interfaces reside within the same area *ac(-on& Ro"t&r 0 A router with an interface in area ) ,the !ack!oneAr&a *ord&r Ro"t&r +A*R, 0 6onnects two or more areas AS *o"ndary Ro"t&r +AS*R, 0 6onnects to additional routing domains4 typically located in the !ack!one
Copyright © 20 Si!"#ationE$a!s%co!
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA N&t'or( Si!"#ator
CCNA E$a! Si!"#ator
CCEN) E$a! Si!"#ator
CCNA ICND2 E$a! Si!"#ator
CCNP *SCI E$a! Si!"#ator
cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : Frame Relay %ypes o( )irtual circuits *+cs, in Frame Relay
Frame relay su.inter(aces
Frame Relay is purely a Layer 2 standard. Two types of Vcs in FR
hen configuring frame%relay using sub interfaces the physical interfaces on which sub interfaces are configured would not be assigned any $& address. E(en if one is assigned it should be remo(ed prior to configuring frame%relay.
1" &ermanent +irtual Circuits *&+Cs,: these are permanently established connections that are used for frequent and consistent data transfers between DTEs across a Frame Relay cloud.
$f an $& address is assigned to physical interface# the sub interfaces defined within the physical interface will not recei(e any frames.
2" S#itche- +irtual Circuits *S+Cs,: these are temporary connections used in situations requiring only occasional data transfers between DTEs across Frame Relay cloud. The terms !all "etup# Data Transfer# $dle# and !all Termination are associated with "V!s.
Split horion is a method of pre(enting a routing loop in a networ). To o(ercome the split hori*on# sub%interfaces can be configured on /01 networ)s.
Frame Relay connection types
Frame Relay encapsulation types an- /I %ypes
1" &oint.to.&oint: $n point%to%point connection type# a single sub interface establishes a &V! connection to another physical interface or sub%interface
!isco supports two types of Frame Relay encapsulation' cisco *-e(ault,3 an- iet(" 3se $ETF when setting up a frame%relay networ) between a !isco router and a non% !isco router.
2" /ulti.point '$n multipoint connection type# a single sub%interface is used to establish multiple &V! connections to se(eral physical interfaces or sub%interfaces. $n multipoint Frame%Relay networ)# split hori*on rule is applicable to broadcast traffic.
Frame%Relay L1$ types are Cisco *-e(ault,3 ANSI3 4566A4 L1$ type is auto%sensed in $5" (++.2 and up. "how frame%relay lmi command shows L1$ stats.
DCI *Data in$ Connection I-enti(ier, Salient (eatures
DCI Con(iguration
+. DL!$s ha(e only local significance. $t means# the end de(ices o(er FR networ) can ha(e different DL!$ numbers 2. DL!$ number is pro(ided by the FR ser(ice pro(ider. DL!$ number is mapped to Layer , protocol address using -Frame%Relay map- statement. ,. DL!$ numbers must be unique on a router.
The command used to assign dlci number to a sub interface is' R1*con(ig.i(,7(rame.relay inter(ace.-lci 8-lci.numer9 !: R1*con(ig.i(,7(rame.relay inter(ace.-lci 100 /ote that prior to issuing the abo(e command4 issue the following command to get into proper sub interface configuration mode' R1*con(ig,7 inter(ac e serial numer"suinter(a ce.numer multipoint ; point. to.point< !: R1*con(ig,7inter(ace serial 0"1 point.to.point
Copyright © 2011 Simulation!ams"com
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA Net#or$ Simulator
CCNA !am Simulator
CCN% !am Simulator
CCNA ICND2 !am Simulator
CCN& 'SCI !am Simulator
cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : Access-Lists )il* Car* +as$ing
Access Lists
ild card mas$ing is used to permit or deny a group of addresses. #or e/ample, if 0e hae a source address 1'.'%.1".2 and 0ant all the hosts on the last octet to 3e considered, 0e use a 0ild card mas$, 1'.'%.1".2''. The "2 3it 0ildcard mas$ consists of 1!s and 4!s 1 5 ignore this 3it 4 5 chec$ this 3it
IP access lists are a sequential list of permit and deny conditions that apply to IP addresses or upper layer protocols. Access Control Lists are used in routers to identify and control traffic.
&urpose o( Access Lists
%ypes o( I& Access Lists
1. Controlling traffic through a router, and 2. Controlling VT access to a router!s VT ports ". #ilter incoming and outgoing pac$ets %. &estrict contents of routing updates '. Trigger dial(on(demand routing )**&+ calls
tandard IP Access Lists
Special Case: 6ost 1'.'%.1".2 is same as 1'.'%.1".2 0ith a 0ild card mas$ of 4.4.4.4, considers only specified IP. Any is equialent to saying 4.4.4.4 0ith a 0ild card mas$ of 2''.2''.2''.2''. This means none of t he 3its really matter. All IP addresses need to 3e considered for meeting the criteria.
Extended IP Access Lists
-amed Access Lists
Stan*ar* Access List
!ten*e* Access Lists an* Name* Access Lists
1. These hae the format, access-list ,numer. ,permit or *eny. ,source/a**ress. !: access(list 1 permit 172.18.2.4 4.4.4.2'' 2. Place standard access lists as near the destination as possi3le and e/tended access lists as close to the source as possi3le. ". Access lists hae an implicit deny at the end of them automatically. 9ecause of this, an access list should hae at least one permit statement in it: other0ise the access list 0ill 3loc$ all remaining traffic. %. Access lists applied to interfaces default to out3ound if no direction is specified.
;/tended Access lists hae the format, access-list numerpermit or *eny protocol sourcesource- #il*car* ,operator , port ..*estination *estination- #il*car* ,operator , port .. ith e/tended IP access lists, 0e can act on any of the follo0ing< ( ource address ( Port information ), *-, #TP, etc.+ ( *estination address ( IP protocol )TCP, IC=P, >*P, etc.+ !: access(list 141 permit icmp host 172.18.".2 any
-amed Access lists hae the format, ip access-list stan*ar* e!ten*e* name !: ip access(list e/tended denyping
&ermitte* numers (or access-lists 1-99: IP standard access list
100-199: IP extended access list
800-899: IPX standard access list
1000-1099: IPX SAP access list
1100-1199: Extended 48-bit MAC address access list
900-999: IPX extended access list
Copyright © 2011 Simulation!ams"com
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA Net#or$ Simulator
CCNA !am Simulator
CCN% !am Simulator
CCNA ICND2 !am Simulator
CCN& 'SCI !am Simulator
cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : NAT A((r!ss Classi,ication Static NAT Insi(! ocal ' An actual address assigned to an inside host "aps an unregistered IP address to registered IP (globally unique) addresses on one#to#one basis.
Insi(! 3lo+al ' An inside address seen from the outside The command$ ip nat insi(! sourc! static )local ip* )glo+al ip* configures address translation for static NAT.
&utsi(! 3lo+al ' An actual address assigned to an outside host
Dynamic NAT
&utsi(! ocal ' An outside address seen from the inside
"aps an unregistered IP address to a registered (globally unique) IP address from a group of registered (globally unique) IP addresses.
NAT $ool ' A pool of IP addresses to be used as inside global or outside local addresses in translations
The command$ ip nat insi(! sourc! list )acc!ss/list/num+!r* pool )nam!* is used to map the access#list to the IP NAT pool during the configuration of Dynamic NAT.
&'!rloa(ing A special case of dynamic NAT that maps multiple unregistered IP addresses to a single registered (globally unique) IP address by using different port numbers.
Con,iguring NAT
%hen configuring NAT$ NAT should be enabled on at least one inside and one outside interface.
Dynamic NAT with oerloading is also ! nown also as PAT (Port Address Translation).
&'!rlapping
&. The command for enabling N AT on inside interface is' -1.con,ig/i,ip nat insi(!
This occurs when your internal IP addresses belong to global IP address range that belong to another networ!.
. The command for enabling NAT on the outside interface is'
-1.con,ig/i,ip nat outsi(!
D!,ining an I$ NAT $ool &. Defining an IP NAT pool for the inside networ! using the command' ip nat pool )pool/nam!* )start/ip* )!n(/ip* 4n!tmas# )n!t/mas#* 5 pr!,ix/l!ngth )pr!,ix/l!ngth*6 7typ!/ rotary8 Ex: ip nat pool pool1 200.200.200.3 200.200.200.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 Note that type#rotary is optional command. It indicates that the IP address range in the address pool identifies hosts among which T,P load is distributed.
emember to enter into appropriate configuration modes before entering the commands. *sually$ the inside NAT will be configured on an +thernet interface$ whereas the outside NAT is configured on a serial interface.
. "apping the access#list to the IP NAT pool by using the command' ip nat insi(! sourc! list )acc!ss/list/num+!r* pool )pool/nam!* Ex: ip nat inside source list 1 pool pool1
Copyright © 2011 SimulationExamscom
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA N!t"or# Simulator
CCNA Exam Simulator
CCENT Exam Simulator
CCNA ICND2 Exam Simulator
CCN$ %SCI Exam Simulator
cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : IPv6 Addressing IPv6 e$der
IPv6 : Points to Remember 1. IPv6 address is 128 bits in length represented in hexadecimal 2. IPv6 Loopback address is 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1, also expressed as ::1. 3. IPv6 reserves to special addresses. !he" are0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 and 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. #. !hree transition strategies $or migration $rom ipv6 to ipv# are d%al stacking, 6&to&# t%nneling and '(!&P!
IPv6 Addressing
ersion ># bits; : IP version n%mber >6;
IPv6 address consists o$ gro%ps o$ $o%r hexadecimal digits separated b" colons and hich mainl" consists o$ 3 segments called 9lobal Pre$ix hich is o$ # bits, s%bnet part ith 16 bits and Inter$ace I called as ost part ith 6# bits.
*r$33ic C#$ss > bits; : sed $or ?o8 /#o( 4$be# >20 bits; : sed $or packet labelling
!he $irst 3 octets constit%te 9lobal Pre$ix, the $o%rth octet constit%te s%bnet part and the last $o%r $orm the Inter$ace I.
P$y#o$d 4ength >16 bits; : Length o$ the IPv6 pa"load Ne&t e$der > bits; : Identi$ies the t"pe o$ header $olloing the IPv6 header op 4imit > bits; : '%mber o$ hops %ntil the packet gets discarded. !o"rce Address >12 bits; : 8o%rce IP address
R"#es : a;
::;
%,I-6. /orm$t
Destin$tion Address >12 bits; : estination IP address
IPv6 Comm"nic$tion *ypes
)(* to +I&6# conversion inserts hex -+/ in the middle o$ a )(* addr, !hen $lips the L bit to 1, in order to create a 6#&bit inter$ace I $rom a #&bit )ac address.
IPv6 Address !copes
,nic$st : %sed $or one&to&one comm%nication. !here are 3 t"pes o$ %nicast addresses namel" global, %ni%e&local and link&local
"#tic$st : %sed $or one&to&man" comm%nication IPv6 m%lticast address begins ith 44
Anyc$st : %sed $or one&to&one&o$&man" comm%nication
Copyright 2011 !im"#$tion%&$ms'com
::0&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&5 e$a%lt o%te ::12&&&&&&&&&&&&5 nspeci$ied ::112&&&&&&&&&&&5 Loopback *00::7&&&&&&&&&5 ni%e Local nicast +0::10&&&&&&&&5 Link&Local nicast +*0::10&&&&&&&5 8ite&Local nicast 00::&&&&&&&&&&5 )%lticast
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA Net(or) !im"#$tor
CCNA %&$m !im"#$tor
CC%N* %&$m !im"#$tor
CCNA ICND2 %&$m !im"#$tor
CCNP +!CI %&$m !im"#$tor
cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : VLANs and VTP VTP ) Points to *%m%m+%r
VLANs ) Points to *%m%m+%r
1. VLAN 1 is the management VLAN. 2. Static VLAN : VLAN is statically assigned to the physical port and never changes. 3. Dynamic VLAN : VMPS automatically assigns VLAN based on MA !. Acc%ss Lin' : An access lin" can carry only one VLAN #used bet$een host and s$itch port% &. Trn' Lin' : A trun" lin" can carry multiple VLANs. 'sed to connect to other s$itches( routers( or servers ). *$o types o+ *run" +raming, -SL #isco only% and /2.1.0 . *run" lin"s can carry 1 to 1//& VLANs . S$itchport modes are trun"( dynamic desirable( dynamic auto( access.
1. V*P is a Layer 2 messaging protocol. -t carries con+iguration in+ormation throughout a single domain 2. V*P Modes are S%r-%r , reate( modi+y( or delete VLANs #*his is the dea+ult vtp mode on a s$itch% C!i%nt , an4t create( change( or delete VLANs Transpar%nt , 'sed $hen a s$itch is not re0uired to participate in V*P( but only pass the in+ormation to other s$itches 3. V*P domain is common to all s$itches participating in V*P !. Pruning is a techni0ue $here in VLANs not having any access ports on an end s$itch are removed +rom the trun" to reduce +looded tra++ic &. Con,igration r%-ision nm+%r is a 325bit number that indicates the level o+ revision +or a V*P pac"et. 6ach time the V*P device undergoes a VLAN change( the con+ig revision is incremented by one.
VLAN con,igration
VTP Con,igration
Cr%ating VLANs
Acc%ss Port con,igration
S1vlan database S1#vlan%vlan 1/ name +irstvlan S1#vlan%vlan 2/ name secondvlan
S1#con+ig5i+%s$itchport mode access S1#con+ig5i+%s$itchport access vlan 1/ S1#con+ig5i+%s$itchport access vlan 2/
Acc%ss port con,ig to a rang% o, int%r,ac%s
Trn' Port con,igrati on
S1#con+ig%inter+ace range +a /72 5 & S1#con+ig5i+%s$itchport access vlan 1/ S1#con+ig%inter+ace range +a /7) 5 1/ S1#con+ig5i+%s$itchport access vlan 2/
SW1#vlan database SW1(vlan)#vtp mode (Server/Client/Transparent) SW1(vlan)#vtp domain SW1(vlan)#vtp password SW1(vlan)#vtp pruning
Tro+!%shooting commands
S1#con+ig5i+%s$itchport mode trun" S1#con+ig5i+%s$itchport trun" encapsulation dot10
1. sow vlan !. sow vlan"membersip . sow vtp status $. sow inter%aces trun& '. sow inter%ace switcport
Copyright © 2011 Sim!ation"#ams$com
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA N%t&or' Sim!ator
CCNA "#am Sim!ator
CC"NT "#am Sim!ator
CCNA ICND2 "#am Sim!ator
CCNP (SCI "#am Sim!ator
cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : Spanning Tree Protocol STP & Points to 'emem(er
STP Port 'oles
1. STP is a layer 2 protocol that runs on switches and bridges, the purpose of STP is to remove switching loops. By default, STP is enabled on cisco switches. 2. All switches participating in STP echange info with other switches in the networ! Through messages !nown as%PD)s *Sent out at a fre"uency of 2 sec on every port# $. STP port states are %loc$e+, -isten, -earn, .or#ar+, Disa(le+ %. The command &show spanning'tree( includes the following info i. )*A+ number ii. oot bridge priority, -A address iii. Bridge timers /-a Age, 0ello Time, orward elay#
1. 'oot ; A bridge can have only one root port. The root port is the port that leads to the root bridge. All bridges ecept the root bridge will have a root port. the root port is in the STP forwarding state. 2. Designate+ ;
Selection Criteria 'oot %ri+ge Selection
'oot Port Selection
The switch with the lowest Bridge 3 is chosen as root. Bridge 3 is a combination of switch priority /$2456 by default and the range is 7 to 588$8 with increments of %795# and switch:s -A address
i . 3f there are 2 or more paths to reach the oot Bridge, select the bridge port associated with the lowest accumulated path cost. /'
Deault Timers
ii. 3f the path cost to reach the root bridge over 2 or more bridge ports is same, then; select the neighboring switch with the lowest Switch 3 value to reach the oot Bridge /'
0ello'''''''''''''''''? 2s orward elay'''''? 18s -a Age'''''''''''''? 27s
iii. 3f there are two or more ports on the same bridge with the lowest path cost, then; > Select the port with the lowest Port Priority value, if you have multiple paths to reach the oot Bridge via same neighbor switch. /' > 3f all the ports are configured with same priority number /$2 by default#, select the lowest port number on the switch.
-in$ Costs
Designate+ %ri+ge Selection i. 3n a *A+ segment, the bridge with the lowest path cost to the oot Bridge will be the B /' ii. 3f there are two bridges in the *A+ segment with e"ual path cost to the oot Bridge, then the Bridge with the lowest Bridge 3 becomes the B.
%an+#i+th
Cost
Designate+ Port Selection i. The switch port /associated with the B# on the *A+ segment with the lowest accumulated path cost to the oot Bridge will be selected as P for the given segment. /'
17 -bps'''''''''''? 177 177 -bps''''''''''? 19 1 @bps'''''''''''''''? % 17 @bps'''''''''''''? 2
ii. 3f a switch has redundant connections to the networ! segment, the switch port with the lowest port priority /$2 by default# is selected. /' iii. 3f there is again a tie /it can happen if the priorities of the ports on this switch are the same#, then the lowest numbered port on the switch is selected. Copyright © 2011 Simulation!ams"com
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA Net#or$ Simulator
CCNA !am Simulator
CCNT !am Simulator
CCNA ICND2 !am Simulator
CCNP %SCI !am Simulator
cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : Show Commands Router Show commands Sl. No.
Command
Explanation
1.
show access-list
Displays all accesslists from all protocols present in a specified router.
2.
show banner
Displays the banner set on the router.
3.
show cdp
Shows the status of CDP such as holdtime value,no.of pacets for every !"sec.
#.
show cdp interface
$t tells the CDP confi%uration on an interface-by-interface basis.
&.
show cdp nei%hbor'detail
Displays info on directly connected nei%hbors.
!.
show cdp traffic
Displays the CDP traffic info.
(.
s ho w c lo c
D isp la ys th e clo c )t ime , da te *.
+.
show flash
sed to view all $S ima%es and file stored in flash)Default location of $S ima%es is in flash*.
.
show frame-relay lmi
Shows the detailed statistics re%ardin% /0$.
1".
show frame-relay map
Displays the frame relay inverse P table.
11.
show frame-relay pvc dlc i4num5
Shows all the frame relay P6C7s terminated and their statistics at a specified router.
12.
show history
Shows the previously e8ecuted commands.$S device stores the last ten commands that are e8ecuted.
13.
show hosts
Displays the host table.
1# .
sho w interfaces
9o vie w interfaces,status,and statistics for an interface.$f u don7t lists a specific interface,all of the inte rfaces on the router are listed.
1&.
show ip ei%rp nei%hbors
Shows the list of ei%rp nei%hbors that a specified router has.
1!.
show ip ei%rp topolo%y
Displays the list of successor and feasible successors,as well as other types of routes.
1(.
show ip ei%rp traffic
$t shows the information about trafiic statistics for ei%rp.
1+.
show ip interfaces
Displays status and %lobal parameters associated with the interfaces on the router.
1.
show ip interface brief
Displays the interface operational status and $P addresses for all router interfaces.
2".
show ip nat statistics
Displays :9 statistics.
21.
show ip nat translations
Displays the :9 translations.
22.
show ip ospf
Displays %eneral information about SP; routin% processes.
23.
show ip ospf database
Displays lists of information related to the SP; database for a specific router.
2# .
s ho w i p o sp f in te rf ace
$ f a d
2&.
show ip ospf nei%hbor
Displays the SP; nei%hbour information.
2!.
show ip ospf nei%hbor detail
Displays all SP; nei%hbors in detail.
2(.
show ip route
Displays the $P routin% table.
2+.
show protocols
Displays the routin% protocols that have been confi%ured and runnin% on a specified router.
2.
show runnin%-confi%
Shows the current confi% stored in 0.
3".
show sessions
Shows the telnet sessions that are currently suspended.
31.
show startup-confi%
Shows the confi%uration stored in :60.
32.
show version
Display version information for the hardware and firmware.
33.
show arp
Displays entries in the P table.
Copyriht ! 2"## SimulationExams.com
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA Networ$ Simulator
CCNA Exam Simulator
CCEN% Exam Simulator
CCNA ICND2 Exam Simulator
CCN& 'SCI Exam Simulator
cvcccccCisco
Cisco™ CCNA ICND2 : Show Commands 3#.
show ip protocols
Displays parameters and current state of the active routin% protocol process.
3&.
show users
Displays users connected to the router.
3!.
show ipv! interface in terface-name5
Displays ipv! interface confi%uration information.
3(.
show ipv! rip
Displays information about all current $P6! $P processes.
3+.
show ipv! ospf
Displays %eneral information about SP; routin% processes.
3.
show ipv! route
Displays routes in the $P6! routin% table.
#".
show ipv! protocols
Displays parameters and current state of the active $P6! routin% protocol processes.
#1.
show ip dhcp bindin%
Displays $P addresses assi%ned to the clients.
Switch Show commands Sl. No.
Command
Explanation
1.
show banner
Displays the banner.
2.
show flash
Displays the file contents of the flash.
3.
show history
Displays the last 1" commands entered.
#.
show interfaces
9o view interfaces,status,and statistics for an interface.
&.
show interfaces vlan 1
Displays the 6/: status and the $P address of 6/: 1.
!.
show ip interface brief
6erifies the $P confi%uration.
(.
show runnin%-confi%
Displays the confi% held in D0.
+.
show startup-confi%
Displays the :60 confi%.
.
show users
Displays the users currently lo%%ed on.
1".
show version
Display $S version information for the hardware and firmware.
11.
show vlan
Displays vlan information.
12.
show vlan-membership
Displays vlan membership information.
13.
show mac-address-table
Displays mac-address-table information.
1#.
show vtp status
Displays vtp status information such as vtp mode, vtp domain etc.
1&.
show spannin%-tree
Displays spannin%-tree statistics,includin% information about root brid%e and port status.
1!.
show spannin%-tree summary
Displays summary of port states.
1 (.
sh ow sp ann in %- tr ee v la n vl an -i d5
Di sp la ys S9P i nf or ma ti on f or th e sp eci fi ed 6/ :.
Copyriht ! 2"## SimulationExams.com
* All trademarks are duly recognised * Best printed in landscape mode CCNA Networ$ Simulator
CCNA Exam Simulator
CCEN% Exam Simulator
CCNA ICND2 Exam Simulator
CCN& 'SCI Exam Simulator
