CCIE Routing and Swithing Quick Review Kit
By: Krzysztof Załęski CCIE R&S #24081
ver. 20100507
Copyright information CCIE Routing and Switching Quick Review Kit By Krzysztof Załęski CCIE R&S #24081, CCVP http://www.inetcon.org
[email protected] ver. 20100507 This Booklet is NOT sponsored by, endorsed by or affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco, Cisco Systems, CCIE, CCVP, CCIP, CCNP, CCNA, the Cisco Systems logo, the CCVP logo, the CCIE logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. in the United States and certain other countries. All terms mentioned in this book, known to be trademarks or service marks belong to their appropriate right owners. This Booklet is designed to help CCIE candidates to prepare themselves for the CCIE written and/or the lab exam. However, this is not a complete study reference. It is just a seri es of the author’s personal notes, written down during his pre-lab, and further studies, in a form of mind maps, based mainly on CISCO Documentation Documentation for IOS 12.4T. The main goal of this material is to provide quick and easy-to-skim method of refreshing cadidate’s existing knowledge. All effort has been made to make this Booklet as precise and correct as possible, but no warranty is implied. CCIE candidates are strongly encouradged to prepare themselves using other comprehensive study materials like Cisco Documentation (www.cisco.com/web/psa/products/index.html), (www.cisco.com/web/psa/products/index.html), Cisco Press books (www.ciscopress.com),, and other well-known vendor’s products, before going t hrough this Booklet. The autor of this Booklet takes no re sponsibility, nor (www.ciscopress.com) liablity to any person or entity with respect to loss of any information or failed tests or exams arising from the information contained in this Booklet. This Booklet is available for free, and can be freely distributed in the form as is. Selling this Booklet in any printed or electroic form i prohibited. For the most recent version of this document, please visit http://www.inetcon.org Did you enjoy this booklet? Was it helpful? You can share your gratitude :-) here: http://amzn.com/w/2 http://amzn.com/w/28VI9LZ9NEJF1 8VI9LZ9NEJF1
Table of Contents Data-link technologies Frame Relay 5 PPP 6 PPPoE 7
IPv6 IPV6 addressing IPV6 routing IPv6 tunneling
33 34 35
Switching VLAN PVST MST PortChannel L2 Port protection L2 Convergence SPAN Macro Bridging 35x0 features
8 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12
Multicast PIM PIM-SM PIM-DM Auto-RP Bootstrap MSDP IGMPv2 Mcast features IPv6 multicast MLD
36 37 37 38 38 38 39 40 41 42
IP Services NTP ARP CDP WCCP Routing fe ature s OER/PfR basics OER/PfR measuring OER/PfR learning OER/PfR policy OER/PfR control 1st hop redundancy NAT Management DNS DHCP
13 13 13 13 14 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 20 21 21
Quality-of-Service QoS Classify CBWFQ FIFO WRED Shaping Policing 35x0 QoS 3560 QoS 3550 QoS Compression LFI Legacy Qu eue ing RSVP
43 44 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 51 51 52
Security L3 security
53
32768.AA.AA.AA.AA.AA.AA
PVST was supported only on ISL trunks
Fe0/3
Bridges are not interested in local timers, they use timers send by Root Hellos. Root
Blocking => Listening (15sec) => Learning (15 sec) => Forwarding
Timers Features
1 / 0 e F
spanning-tree vlan
hello-time (default is 2 sec) spanning-tree vlan forward-time (default is 15 sec) spanning-tree vlan max-age (default is 20 sec) Bridge waits 10 Hello misses before performing STP recalculation
2 / 0 e F
Each bridge adds 1 hop (second) to BPDU age, so each bridge shows hop count from Root. MaxAge is lowered by this value on each bridge. Max 7 hops is recommended.
R
D
B
2 / 0 e F
1 / 0 e F
32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024
512
256
128
Priority – 2 bytes 32768 (0x8000) ID – 6 bytes MAC
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
4 bits configurable Priority (multiple of 4096) 12 bits System ID Extension – VLAN ID. Allows different Roots per VLAN (802.1t STP extension)
If superior (lowest) Hello is heard, own is ceased. Superior is forwarded (G) spanning-tree vlan priority <0-61440>
1. Elect the Root bridge
(G) spanning-tree vlan root {primary|secondary} [diameter ] - primary : 24576 or 4096 less than existing one (macro listens to root BPDUs) - secondary: 28672 - diameter: causes changes to Hello, Forward delay and Maxage timers
Each switch forwards root’s Hello changing some fields
Cost (total cost to the Root) – added from interface on which BPDU was received. Can be manipulated with BW, speed, and manualy set per VLAN on intf. Forwarder’s ID Forwarder’s port priority – configured on interface out which BPDU is sent Forwarder’s port number – outgoing interface
1. Port on which Hello was received with lowest Cost (after adding own cost)
Cisco PVST+
2. Lowest forwarder’s Bridge ID – the one who sent BPDU to us 2. Determine Root Port
Fe0/2
B
32768.BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
That’s why priority is in multiples of 4096
Lowest Priority (Priority+VLAN+MAC) wins root election
R
Fe0/3
Byte 1 Extended System ID (VLAN ID)
Priority
(IF) spanning-tree vlan cost (configured on root port) 3. Lowest forwarder’s (peer’s) port priority (default is 128, 0 to 240 in increments of 16) (IF) spanning-tree vlan port-priority <0-250> (configured on designated port) 4. Lowest forwarder’s port number
Only one switch can forward traffic to the same segment
10Mb – 100 100Mb – 19 1Gb – 4 10Gb – 2
32768.CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
Fe0/1
D B
Based on IEEE 802.1D standard and includes Cisco proprietary extensions such as BackboneFast, UplinkFast, and PortFast
Byte 2
D
D
C
