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Case study based on Intrusion detection system and intrusion prevention system by ARUL JEBARAJ
free and and open source network intrusion prevention system (NIPS) system (NIPS) and network Snort is a free intrusion detection system (NIDS) system (NIDS) created by Martin Roesch in Roesch in 1!" Snort is now deve#oped by Sourcefire$$ of which Roesch is the founder and %&' Sourcefire %&'$$ and which has been owned by %isco %isco since since 1*" In $ Snort entered Info+or#d Info+or#d,s ,s 'pen Source -a## of .ame as one of the /0reatest pieces of2 open source software of a## time/ Snort,s open source network3based intrusion detection system (NIDS) has the abi#ity to perform rea#3time traffic ana#ysis and packet and packet #o00in0 on #o00in0 on Internet Protoco# (IP) Protoco# (IP) networks" Snort performs protoco# ana#ysis$ content searchin0 and matchin0" &hese basic services have many purposes inc#udin0 app#ication3aware tri00ered 4ua#ity of service$ service$ to de3prioriti5e bu#k traffic when #atency3sensitive app#ications are app#ications are in use" &he pro0ram can a#so be used to detect probes or attacks or attacks$$ inc#udin0$ but not #imited to$ operatin0 system fin0erprintin0 attempts$ fin0erprintin0 attempts$ common 0ateway interface$ interface$ buffer overf#ows$ overf#ows$ server messa0e 12 b#ock probes$ probes$ and stea#th port stea#th port scans" scans" Snort can be confi0ured in three main modes6 sniffer$ packet #o00er$ and network intrusion detection" In sniffer mode$ the pro0ram wi## read network packets an d disp#ay them on the conso#e" In packet #o00er mode$ the pro0ram wi## #o0 packets to the disk" In intrusion detection mode$ the pro0ram wi## monitor network traffic and ana#y5e it a0ainst a ru#e set defined by the user" &he pro0ram wi## then perform a specific action based on what has been identified 7n intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software app#ication that app#ication that monitors a network or systems for ma#icious activity or po#icy vio#ations" 7ny detected activity or vio#ation is typica##y reported either to an administrator or co##ected centra##y usin0 a security information and event management (SIEM) system" 7 SI8M system combines outputs from mu#tip#e sources$ and uses a#arm fi#terin0 techni4ues fi#terin0 techni4ues to distin0uish ma#icious activity from fa#se a#arms" &here is a wide spectrum of IDS$ varyin0 from virus scannin0 software to hierarchica# systems that monitor the traffic of an entire backbone network&he most common c#assification is either in network (NIDS) or host3based (-IDS) intrusion detection systems$ in reference to what is monitored by the IDS" 7 system that monitors important operatin0 system fi#es is an e9amp#e of a -IDS$ whi#e a system that ana#y5es incomin0 network traffic is an e9amp#e of a NIDS" It is a#so possib#e to c#assify IDS by detection approach6 the most we##3known variants are si0nature3 based detection (reco0ni5in0 bad patterns$ such as ma#ware ma#ware)) and anoma#y3based detection (detectin0 deviations from a mode# of /0ood/ traffic$ which often re#ies on machine #earnin0)" #earnin0)" Some IDS have the abi#ity to respond to detected intrusions$ which are typica##y referred to as an intrusion prevention system" system"
Comparison with firewalls
&hou0h they both bo th re#ate to network security$ an intrusion detection system (IDS) differs from a firewa## in that a firewa## #ooks outward#y for intrusions in order to stop them from happenin0" .irewa##s #imit access between networks to prevent intrusion and do n ot si0na# an attack from inside the network" 7n IDS eva#uates a suspected intrusion once it has taken p#ace and si0na#s an a#arm" 7n IDS a#so watches for attacks that ori0inate from within a system" &his is traditiona##y achieved by e9aminin0 network communications$ identifyin0 heuristics and patterns (often known as si0natures) of common computer attacks$ an d takin0 action to a#ert operators" 7 system system that terminates connections is ca##ed an intrusion prevention system$ system$ and is another form of an app#ication #ayer firewa##" firewa##" Classifcation Intrusion prevention systems can be c#assified into four different types 1. Network-based intrusion prevention system (NIPS) : monitors the entire network for suspiious tra! by ana"y#in$ protoo" ativity. %. Wireless intrusion prevention systems (WIPS) : monitor a wire"ess network for suspiious tra! by ana"y#in$ wire"ess networkin$ protoo"s. &. Network behavior analysis (N!) : e'amines network tra! to identify threats that $enerate unusua" tra! (ows) suh as distributed denia" of servie *++o,- attaks) ertain forms of ma"ware and po"iy vio"ations.
"ost-based intrusion prevention system ("IPS) : an insta""ed software . "ost-based paka$e whih monitors a sin$"e host for suspiious ativity by ana"y#in$ events ourrin$ within that host. #etection methods &he ma:ority of intrusion prevention systems uti#i5e one of three detection methods6 si0nature3 based$ statistica# anoma#y3based$ and statefu# protoco# ana#ysis" ana#ysis" 1. Si$nature-ased #etection : ,i$nature based /+, monitors pakets in the 0etwork and ompares with preon2$ured and predetermined attak patterns known as si$natures. %. Statistical anomaly-based detection : An /+, whih is anoma"y based wi"" monitor network tra! and ompare it a$ainst an estab"ished base"ine. 3he base"ine wi"" identify what is 4norma"4 for that network 5 what sort of bandwidth is $enera""y used) what protoo"s are used that it may raise a 6a"se 7ositive 7ositive a"arm for a "e$itimate use of bandwidth if the base"ines are not inte""i$ent"y on2$ured. on2$ured. &. State%ul Protocol !nalysis #etection : 3his method identi2es deviations of protoo" states by omparin$ observed events with 8predetermined pro2"es of $enera""y aepted de2nitions of beni$n ativity.9
Limitations
Noise can severe#y #imit #imit an intrusion detection system,s system,s effectiveness" effectiveness" ;ad packets 0enerated from software bu0s$ corrupt DNS data$ and #oca# packets that escaped can create a si0nificant#y hi0h fa#se3a#arm rate" It is not uncommon for the number of rea# attacks to be far be#ow the number of fa#se3 a#arms" Number of rea# attacks is often so far be#ow the number of fa#se3a#arms that the rea# attacks are often missed and i0nored" Many attacks are 0eared for specific versions of software that are usua##y outdated" 7 constant#y chan0in0 #ibrary of si0natures is needed to miti0ate threats" 'utdated si0nature databases can #eave the IDS vu#nerab#e to newer strate0ies" .or si0nature3based IDSes there wi## be #a0 between a new threat discovery and its si0nature bein0 app#ied to the IDS" Durin0 this #a0 time the IDS wi## be unab#e to identify the threat" It cannot compensate for a weak identification and authentication mechanisms or for weaknesses in network protoco#s" +hen an attacker 0ains access due to weak authentication mechanism then IDS cannot prevent the adversary from any ma#practise" 8ncrypted packets are not processed b y the intrusion detection software" &herefore$ the encrypted packet can a##ow an intrusion to the network that is undiscovered unti# more si0nificant network intrusions have occurred" Intrusion detection software provides information based on the network address that is associated with the IP packet that is sent into the network" &his is beneficia# if the network address contained in the IP packet is accurate" -owever$ the address that is contained in the IP packet cou#d be faked or scramb#ed" Due to the nature of NIDS systems$ and the need for them to ana#yse protoco#s as they are captured$ NIDS systems can be susceptib#e to same protoco# based attacks that network hosts may be vu#nerab#e" Inva#id data and &%P
Benefits •
Increased network availability 33 Provides networkwide$ distributed protection from many attacks$ e9p#oits$ worms$ and viruses
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aster remediation 33 Pinpoints the source of network attacks faster and takes corrective actions c#osest to the attack
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Deployment fle!ibility 33 'ffers in#ine inspection of traffic throu0h any combination of the router,s =7N and +7N interfaces with fie#d3customi5ab#e worm and attack si0nature sets and event actions that ad:ust automatica##y based on risk #eve#
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Comprehensive threat protection 33 +orks with %isco I'S .irewa##$ contro#3p#ane po#icin0$ and other %isco I'S Software security features
