GINNBL] GIN NBL]ISHR ISHR MBMN MBMN@ @ I GDFSN@Q@ LPBA@ QD FD]@ QHIE 933 @WW@EQBIN S]DK@GQW IEA Q@GHEBYP@W
FI]RIEE@ FI]R IEE@ L]@M@EWQ@BE Gdesuntbel @abtdr
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Gdet`ets
Gdet`ets BE]DAPGBDE L@BEL WI]@A Misbg obt Sr`piritbde ]unbel nbe`s Hdnabel th` p`e Fiobel i firo L`ttbel bt rblht Nddobel it n`tt`rs Nddobel it eufm`rs INSHIM@ \D]OMDDO Q` inphim`ts Q` virbitbdes Psbel th` wdromddo Inphim`t 9; ]dfie gipbtins Inphim`t =; Pegbins Inphim`t 7; Hinj uegbins Inphim`t 1; Girdnbelbie Inphim`t 0; Z`rsins Inphim`t :; Ldthbg Inphim`t <; Mítira` Inphim`t 8; Btinbg Inphim`t 2; Gdpp`rpnit` Inphim`t 93; Jdueaitbdein
: 93 9= 9: 98 =3 == =: =8 73 7= 71 70 7: 78 1: 01 := <1 8= 21 93: 998 973
A@WBL E & GDND] \hbgh sgrbpt4 Firlbes Niydut misbgs Guttbel iea pistbel `xtur` t`gheb t`ghebqu`s qu`s Inphim`tbgin a`sbles Bet`rpr`tbel th` t`xt Q` prbegbpn`s dj gdndr Ghddsbel iea fbxbel gdndr \rbtbel wbth gdndr Gdndr`a migolrdueas
978 913 911 91: 918 903 90= 901 90: 908 9:3 9:=
A@GD] IBZ@ A@IBN A@GD]IBZ@ Jndurbshbel Dreif`et Mdra`rs Bnnufbeitbde A`sblebel ie bnnufbeit`a n`tt`r Ippnybel ldna Jnit lbnabel ]ibs`a lbnabel wbth SZ SZI I ]ibs`a lbnabel wbth l`ssd
9:: 9:8 9<3 9<7 9<: 9<8 983 98= 981 98:
S]DK@GW N`tt`rh`ia \`aabel \ `aabel bevbtitbde Sd`try mrdiash``t Sdst`r Gdeg`rtbei mddo A`gdritbv` mdra`r G`ntbg ielu ielunir nir oedtw oedtwdro dro „I‖ G`ntbg bespbritbde ]dfie`squ` „E‖ ]dfie`squ` bespbritbde ]`eibssieg` „J‖ ]`eibssieg` bespbritbde Irts iea Grijts „‖ Irts iea Grijts bespbritbde Fda`re n`tt`r „H‖ Fda`re bespbritbde
988 923 927 92: 922 =3= =30 =38 =93 =9= =91 =9: =98 ==3 === ==1 ==:
LINN@]R Ginnblriphbg sgrbpts A`sble & gdndr A`gdritbv` a`tibn Srdk`gt bespbritbde
==8 =73 =7: =13 =11
]`sdurg`s Lndssiry Bea`x
=03 =0= =01
BEQ]DAPGQBDE
Betrdaugtbde
BEQ]DAPGQBDE
Betrdaugtbde H@ \D]A
GINNBL]ISHR W@FW W@FW
J]DF H@ L]@@O \D]AW OI NND W IEA L]ISH@ , \HBGH NB@]INNR F@IE
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Qbs mddo bs gdeg`re`a mdth m dth wbth th` wdrobel f`thdas dj prigtbgbel ginnblriph`rs iea wbth whit th`y wiet th`br ginnblriphy td „p`rjdrf‖ is i r`sunt dj th`s` „f`thdas.‖ Be th` \`st`re wdrna, w` `xp`gt td s`` n`tt`rbel rueebel jrdf n`jt td rblht iea jrdf tdp td mdttdf be striblht nbe`s dj virybel n`elths. Hdw`v`r,, th` ginnblriph`r his wdea`rjun dppdrtuebtb`s td mr`io Hdw`v`r jr`` jrdf th` triabtbdein fdna iea fio` n`tt`rs p `rjdrf vbsuinny is w`nn is i s bet`nn`gtuinny. Q` fda`re stua`et dj ginnblriphy shduna ture td hbstdrbgin fda`ns jdr ie uea`rstieabel dj n`tt`rjdrfs is th`y w`r` us`a my `irnb`r prdj`ssbdeins. M`jdr` th` bev`etbde dj prbetbel, ginnblriphy wis vbtinny bfpdrtiet is de` dj th` j`w f`ies dj stdrbel iea triesfbttbel th` wrbtt`e wdra. Jdr g`eturb`s, s grbm`s prdaug`a mddos my hiea iea w` hiv` fugh td n`ire jrdf th` f`thdas th`y `fpndy`a. Srbet bs prbfirbny jdr r`iabel, edt pur`ny jdr bts a`gdritbv` `ffi`gt. Q` vist ifduets dj wrbtt`e fit`rbin td whbgh w` ir` `xpds`a `v`ry aiy fio` us swbtgh dffi dur s`esbtbvbty td n`tt`rbel. E`wspip`rs nn`a wbth s`esitbdeinbsf, s `esitbdeinbsf, bejdrfitbde bejdrfitbde de `v`ry pigoil`a prdaugt, rdia sbles, shdp sbles, iea str``t eif`s inn mdfmira us. Q` igt dj r`iabel his m`gdf` ie `v`ryaiy sobnn thit fdst dj us tio` jdr lriet`a. I pb`g` dj sobnnjunny grijt`a ginnblriphy `egduril`s us r`inny td „s``‖ whit w` ir` r`iabel my fiobel th` wdras m`iutbjun td nddo it. Fugh dj bts bfpigt r`nb`s de prdaugbel i rhythfbg t`xtur` be th` wrbtbel. R`t R`t thbs m`iuty bs edt e`g`ssirbny p`ig`jun. p` ig`jun. `esbdes gie insd m` us`a td absturm us; us ; i virb`ty dj n`tt`rjdrfs gie m` us`a be abffi`r`et styn`s iea sbz`s dr irriel`a be virybel drb`etitbdes. W``e be thbs nblht, ginnblriphy bs i pdw`rjun tddn jdr gdffuebgitbel gdffue bgitbel th` wrbtt`e wdra be th` fda`re wdrna.
GINNBL]ISHR QDAIR
Q` r`vbvin dj bet`r`st be ginnblriphy be th` \`st`re wdrna r`inny m`lie wbth th` wdro dj @awira Kdhestde (98<=‗9211). (98<=‗9211). Kdhestde stuab`a it th` Mrbtbsh Fus`uf be Ndeade wh`r` h` ieinyz`a hdw dna fieusgrbpts hia m``e wrbtt`e, th` tddns thit w`r` us`a iea th` abffi`r`et ieln`s dj th` p`es. p `es. H` gr`it`a th` jdueaitbdein hiea w` us` tdaiy (s`` pil`s 973‗97<) iea tiulht fiey stua`ets whd w`et de td m`gdf` hblhny sobnn`a ginnblriph`rs. Q`r` bs edw i fdr` nbm`rin ipprdigh td a`sble iea n`tt`rjdrf. \drobel \drobel wbthbe th` vist iav`rtbsbel `fpbr`s his inndw`a th` fdr` beedvitbv` iea gr`itbv` ginnblriph`rs td push migo th` mdueairb`s. Ginnblriphy bs edw m`bel a`v`ndp`a betd ie irt jdrf iea bs i pnitjdrf jdr fiobel ghinn`elbel stit`f`ets, gr`itbel j``nbels imdut th` nieluil` dj wdras iea n`tt`rs, iea `xpr`ssbel pdbleiet pd`try iea prds`. \bth th` betrdaugtbde dj th` gdndr gif`ri, jdur-gdn jdur-gdndr dr prbetbel, gdndr phdtdgdpybel iea gdfput`rs, th`r` ir` huear`as dj wiys td pr`s`et e`w n`tt`rjdrfs. Q` wdrna dj lriphbgs iea iav`rtbsbel r`nb`s de th` gdndr sgb`eg`s iea th` „j``n iea `xpr`ssbde `xpr`ssbde‖‖ dj wdras, rith`r thie kust bejdrfitbde. bejdrfitbde. E`w bfil`s, gdeg`pts iea ship`s begr`is` bet`r`st iea `xgbt`f`et, `xgbt`f`et, gdffuebgit` ba`is, iea s`nn prdaugts . Gdfput`rbz`a n`tt`rbel gie m` str`tgh`a, ture`a, fia` h`ivb`r, jia`a be iea dut? bt gie m` `enirl`a iea r`aug`a iea fia` td gr`it` fdda, `xpr`ss igtbde dr besbeuit` j``nbel. daiy, th` sobnn`a ginnblriph`r bs gdetbeuinny iaabel e`w vbtinbty td n`tt`rjdrfs. Q` prdaugtbde dj m`iutbjun m`iutbjun jdrfin fieusgrbpts iea th` gdff`rgbin wdrna dj lriphbgs mdth r`ny de th` bet`rpr`titbde iea j``n dj wdras, iea th` fyrbia pdssbmbnbtb`s dj e`w ship`s iea bfil`s ir` `ean`ss.
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QH@ GINNBL]ISHR MBMN@
QH@ INSHIM@Q
Q` hbstdry dj th` inphim`t m`lie dv`r =3,333 y`irs ild wbth th` pibet`a pbgtur`s gr`it`a be giv`s, iea `vdnvbel sndwny td syfmdns dj virbdus jdrfs fdab`a my th` sdgbin sd gbin iea t`ghebgin ghiel`s
tbf`, th`r` w`r` fiey virbitbdes wrbtt`e thrdulhdut @urdp`, begnuabel th` nit`r us`a hinj-uegbin (s`` pil`s 01‗:9). Q`s` n`tt`rs w`r` gipbtins, inthdulh „A,‖ „J,‖ „L,‖ „H,‖ „O,‖ „N,‖ iea „S‖ shdw th` rst sull`stbde tdwira th` isg`ea`rs iea a`sg`ea`rs us`a be th` fbeusgun` (ndw`rgis` n`tt`rs). Mrbtibe a`v`ndp`a bts
QH@ GINNBL]ISHR MBMN@
QH@ INSHIM@Q
Q` hbstdry dj th` inphim`t m`lie dv`r =3,333 y`irs ild wbth th` pibet`a pbgtur`s gr`it`a be giv`s, iea `vdnvbel sndwny td syfmdns dj virbdus jdrfs fdab`a my th` sdgbin sd gbin iea t`ghebgin ghiel`s thit dggurr`a. Q` Shd`ebgbies gr`it`a th` rst inphim`t be imdut 9=33 , whbgh be ture wis a`v`ndp`a be 803 my th` Lr``os iea th`e th` @trusgies whd, wh`e th`y bevia`a ]df` be th` s`v`eth g`etury , tddo th`br inphim`t wbth th`f. \h`e th` ]dfies sup`rs`a`a th`br run` be th` thbra g`etury , th`y hia fdab`a th` inphim`t td infdst whit w` s`` tdaiy, wbth th` `xg`ptbde dj thr`` n`tt`rs „K,‖ „P,‖ iea „\.‖ („B‖ iea „Z‖ s`rv`a is auin n`tt`rs jdr „K,‖ „K,‖ whbn` „P‖ iea „\‖ aba edt `xbst.) Q` ]dfie inphim`t his m``e m` `e be `xbst`eg` jdr dv`r =,333 y`irs, y`t bts vbsuin jdrf his virb`a, ghiel`a my th` wrbtbel tddns `fpndy`a iea th` sdgbin iea `gdedfbg `evbrdef`et be whbgh bt his m``e wrbtt`e. Q` m`st oedwe ]dfie inphim`t, th` bfp`rbin gipbtin, wis us`a mdth be stde`-girv`a iea mrushwrbtt`e n`tt`rs iea gie stbnn m` s``e de fdeuf`ets sugh is rikie‒ r ikie‒s gdnufe ( 997). Jdrfin wrbtbel de pipyrus sgrdnns jdr fieusgrbpts, adguf`ets, sbles, iea edtbg`s w`r` be th` jdrf dj rustbgs wrbtt`e wbth i mrush dr r`` a. ]dfies insd us`a i gursbv`, `v`ryaiy hiea jdr bejdrfin adguf`ets iea iggduets, iea jdr us` de wix timn`ts usbel i stynus. Q`s` abffi`r`et sgrbpts hia m`gdf` stieaira my th` rst g`etury . Wquir` gipbtins wrbtt`e is i mddo hiea‑i typ` dj sgrbpt us`a jdr triespdsbel nbt`ritur`‑de v`nnuf w`r` w`r` `vba`et my jdurth g`etury . Sipyrus sgrdnns w`r` lriauinny r`pnig`a my th` gda`x (mddo), iea th` us` dj iebfin sobe wis a`v`ndp`a. Is pirghf`et iea v`nnuf m`gif` th` stieaira fit`rbin be \`st`re gduetrb`s jdr mddos, th` us` dj th` qubnn p`e, usuinny ldds`, m`gif` fdr` wba`spr`ia. N`tt`r ship`s m`gif` rduea`r m` gius` dj th` wiy thbs tddn firo`a th` fit`rbin iea th` sp``a dj wrbtbel. Q`s` typ`s dj n`tt`r ir` oedwe is uegbins. PEGBINW IEA HINJ�PEGBINW
Pegbins (s`` pil`s 1:‗07) ipp`ir`a be th` jdurth g`etury iea m`gif` th` fibe ]dfie mddo hiea uetbn th` `blhth g`etury , iea jdr h`iabels uetbn th` tw`njth g`etury. Aurbel thbs
tbf`, th`r` w`r` fiey virbitbdes wrbtt`e thrdulhdut @urdp`, begnuabel th` nit`r us`a hinj-uegbin (s`` pil`s 01‗:9). Q`s` n`tt`rs w`r` gipbtins, inthdulh „A,‖ „J,‖ „L,‖ „H,‖ „O,‖ „N,‖ iea „S‖ shdw th` rst sull`stbde tdwira th` isg`ea`rs iea a`sg`ea`rs us`a be th` fbeusgun` (ndw`rgis` n`tt`rs). Mrbtibe a`v`ndp`a bts dwe styn` dj wrbtbel, whbgh wis beu`eg`a my th` fdeos whd gif` dv`r jrdf Br`niea. Is mddo prdaugtbde begr`is`a, wrbtbel m`gif` jist`r iea n`ss jdrfin, isg`ea`rs iea a`sg`ea`rs m`gif` ndel`r,, prdaugbel i hiea w` ginn besunir hinj-uegbin, whbgh wi s ndel`r us`a be th` Mddo dj O`nns. GI]DNBELBIE FBEPWGPN@
Ghirn`file`, Obel dj th` Jrieos, <:8‗891, iea grdwe`a @fp`rdr dj ]df` be 833, ldv`re`a i vist ir`i dj niea str`tghbel jrdf Btiny iea Wpibe be th` sduth thrdulhdut L`rfiey iea @urdp`. Jdr \`st`re \`st`re gbvbnbzitbde, thbs wis th` m`lbeebel dj i lr`it gunturin r`vbvin. Ghirn`file` wis Ghrbstbie, nbt`rit`, iea i lr`it ndv`r dj mddos iea gnissbgin n`irebel. H` bssu`a i a`gr`` td jdrf inn nbturlbgin mddos thrdulhdut hbs obeladf iea bevbt`a fiey `augit`a f`e td hbs gdurt td junnn thbs tiso. H` ippdbet`a Ingube ( <70‗831) H`ia dj th` Gith`arin W ghddns dj Rdro td m`gdf` Fist`r dj th` Gdurt Wghddn dj Iigh`e. Q` sgrbpt us`a it th` gdurt dj Ghirn`file` wis Girdnbelbie (s`` pil`s :=‗<7) dr Girdnbe` fbeusgun` (ndw`rgis`), ie `n`liet hiea a`v`ndp`a jrdf th` hinj-uegbin, mut wbth i snblht jdrwira sndp` whbgh wis us`a jir betd th` `n`v`eth g`etury. I hb`rirghy dj sgrbpts aurbel thbs stieairabzitbde dj mddos a`v`ndp`a. btn`s w`r` be ]dfie gipbtins, dp`ebel nbe`s be uegbins dr hinj-uegbins, wbth iaabtbdein nbe`s djt`e be rustbgs, mut th` fibe ir`i dj t`xt wis be Girdnbelbie fbeusgun`. Gipbtin n`tt`rs thit ipp`ir`a wbthbe th` t`xt w`r` l`e`rinny uegbin. Z@]WINW
Q` `irnb`st mddos gdesbst`a dj gdetbeudus wrbtbel be gipbtin n`tt`rs wbth j`w spig`s be th` t`xt. Nit`r, nirl`r gipbtins w`r` us`a td `fphisbz` h`iabels iea m`lbeebels dj v`rs`s. Q` ship`s iea prdpdrtbdes w`r` mis`a de ]dfie besgrbptbdein gipbtins, iea th`y w`r` ariwe qubgony iea sobnnjunny wbth th`
8
BEQ]DAPGQBDE
p`e. Q`s` n`tt`rs m`gif` oedwe is v`rsins (s`` pil`s <1‗89) iea th` e`st `xifpn`s ait` jrdf th` ebeth iea t`eth g`eturb`s. Z`rsins jrdf thbs tbf` w`r` djt`e gdndr`a be r`a iea mnu` is be th` \begh`st`r Mbmn`.
BQINBG
Aurbel th` Btinbie ]`eibssieg`, 9133‗9033, th`r` wis i r`mbrth dj bet`r`st be gnissbgin n`irebel, whbgh bespbr`a th` Btinbies td r`absgdv`r th` Girdnbe` fbeusgun`. Jrdf thbs
BEQ]DAPGQBDE
p`e. Q`s` n`tt`rs m`gif` oedwe is v`rsins (s`` pil`s <1‗89) iea th` e`st `xifpn`s ait` jrdf th` ebeth iea t`eth g`eturb`s. Z`rsins jrdf thbs tbf` w`r` djt`e gdndr`a be r`a iea mnu` is be th` \begh`st`r Mbmn`. M@LBEEBELW DJ LDQHBG
Aurbel th` `n`v`eth iea tw`njth g`eturb`s, th` wrbtt`e n`tt`r m`gif` fdr` gdfpr`ss`a iea th` a`gdritbde fdr` `nimdrit`, wbth bnnufbeit`a iea hbstdrbit`a bebtbin n`tt`rs wbthbe th` t`xt. Q` irtbsts jdr th`s` mddos triv`n`a th` gdetbe`et, gdetbe`et, fdvbel jrdf fdeist`ry td fdeist`ry is th` wdro r`qubr`a. Q`r` wis i lr`it a`fiea jdr mddos edt deny my th` Ghurgh, mut insd my th` nibty iea uebv`rsbtb`s. My th` thbrt``eth g`etury, g`etury, grijt wdroshdps hia m`gdf` `stimnbsh`a be gbtb`s sugh is Sirbs , Mdndlei, Dxjdra, iea Rdro, `fpndybel prdj`ssbdein sgrbm`s. Q` n`tt`r ship`s m`gif` fdr` gdfpr`ss`a be r`spdes` td th` jishbdeimn` irghbt`gturin irghbt`gturin iea irtbstbg styn`s dj th` aiy iea th` e``a td `gdedfbz` de th` fit`rbins us`a b e mddo prdaugtbde. LDQHBG D] „MNIGO N@QQ@]‖
Q` ldthbg dr „mnigo n`tt`r‖ (s`` pil`s 8=‗27) `f`rl`a wbth lr`it virbitbdes thrdulhdut @urdp`. Edrth`re @urdp` us`a quiariti, i t`xturin ielunir hiea wbth w bth „abifdea‖-ship`a „abifdea‖-ship`a j``t. Be @elniea th` sgrbm`s w`r` musy usbel i gdfpr`ss`a Ldthbg wbth „it j``t,‖ Ldthbg pr`sgbssus, gdestrugt`a my `bth`r turebel th` p`e it th` `ea dj th` n`tt`r strdo` dr nnbel bt be wbth th` gdre`r dj th` p`e. Ldthbg (t`xturi) m`gif` v`ry gdfpr`ss`a, gr`itbel i h`ivy t`xtur` de th` pil`. Bt wis sndw td wrbt` iea abgunt td r`ia. Q` n`tt`rs w`r` mis`a de th` ielunir gdfpr`ss`a „d‖ ship`, wbth ba`etbgin gnds` spigbel wbthbe iea dutsba` `igh n`tt`r. Aurbel thbs tbf` i fdr` gursbv` Ldthbg, ginn`a mítira`, (s`` pil`s 21‗930) wis m`bel us`a be Jrieg` iea be L`rfiey. Qbs wis ginn`a jriotur, jriotur, i gursbv` Ldthbg, mut wrbtt`e uprblht iea wbth th` h`ivbe`ss iea rblba j``n dj t`xturi. Wduth`re @urdp`, Btiny, iea Wpibe absnbo`a th` h`ivy Edrth`re @urdp`ie Ldthbg iea us`a i rduea`r, fdr` dp`e jdrf, ginn`a rdtueai.
BQINBG
Aurbel th` Btinbie ]`eibssieg`, 9133‗9033, th`r` wis i r`mbrth dj bet`r`st be gnissbgin n`irebel, whbgh bespbr`a th` Btinbies td r`absgdv`r th` Girdnbe` fbeusgun`. Jrdf thbs th`y gr`it`a th` hufiebst sgrbpt iea th` m`lbeebels dj btinbg n`tt`rjdrfss (s`` pil`s 93:‗99<). n`tt`rjdrf Jdnndwbel th` bev`etbde dj th` prbetbel pr`ss, prbet`rs hia fiey styn`s dj n`tt`rbel jrdf whbgh th`y gduna ghdds`. Fiey prbet`a mddos w`r` be Ldthbg, mut be Btiny th`y m`gif` fdr` bet`r`st`a be th` gnissbgin ]dfie, Girdnbe`, iea hufiebstbg hieas. Q`s` ir` th` misbs dj dur fda`re typ`jig`s, iea fiey stbnn girry th`br eif`s, sugh is pinitbed iea mdabeb. Btinbie sgrbm`s r`vbv`a th` ]dfie squir` gipbtins (s`` pil`s 78‗10), iea fiey fieusgrbpts wrbtt`e be Btiny ijt`r 9103 gdetibe`a pil`s wbth th`s` `n`liet n`tt`rjdrfs, sdf` dj whbgh w`r` `x`gut`a my th` Siauie sgrbm`, Mirtdndf`d Wie Zbtd, whd a`v`ndp`a hbs dwe bebfbtimn` styn`. Btinbg wis th` a`sg`eaiet dj hufiebst sgrbpt. Bt wis wrbtt`e wbth fdr` sp``a td prdaug` i snblht sniet iea j`w`r p`e nbjts, whbgh r`sunt`a be ie `n`liet, dwbel n`tt`r. n`tt`r. Fda`re virbitbdes dj th` btinbg sgrbpt ir` `ean`ss. GDSS@]SNIQ@
Ijt`r th` ]`eibssieg`, wrbtbel wbth ie `al`a p`e abfbebsh`a iea wis sup`rs`a`a my gdpp`rpnit gdpp`rpnit`` (s`` pil`s 998‗9=<), whbgh wis ade` wbth i pdbet`a qubnn. Jrdf th` s`v`et``eth td th` ebe`t``eth g`etury, g`etury, gdpp`rpnit` wis wba`ny us`a be mdth beaustry iea gdff`rg`. JDPEAIQBDEIN
Is w` gdf` td th` `ea dj th` tw`etb`th g`etury, de` huear`a y`irs sbeg` @awira Kdhestde Kdhestde gr`it`a gr`it`a jdueaitbdein jdueaitbdein hiea (s`` pil`s 973‗97<), bt s``fs s` `fs begdeg`bvimn` thit th` inphim`t wbnn ghiel` bts pr`s`et jdrf, y`t hbstdry abgtit`s thit thbs bs be`vbtimn`. Sdssbmbnbtb`s jdr e`w ship`s, e`w ba`is, iea bfil`s ir` `ean`ss, fiobel ginnblriphy iea wdrobel wbth n`tt`rs gdetbeudusny gdetbeudus ny `xgbtbel iea stbfunitbel.
2
L`ttbel Wtirt`a \bth ie dv`rvb`w dj th` fit`rbins r`qubr`a jdr i wba` virb`ty dj t`ghebqu`s, iea iavbg` de hdw m`st td pr`pir` ydur wdrospig`, thbs s`gtbde bs ie bevinuimn` r`sdurg` jdr e`wgdf`rs td th` irt dj ginnblriphy. H`r`, ydu wbnn ea bestrugtbde de hdw td run` th` pip`r jdr ginnblriphbg t`xts, hdw td hdna i p`e, iea, fdst bfpdrtietny, hdw td fio` ydur rst firos. Jdnndw th` st`p-my-st`p a`fdestritbdes td prigtbg` th` virbdus p`e ieln`s r`qubr`a jdr th` sgrbpts j`itur`a be th` Inphim`t \dromddo s`gtbde thit jdnndws, iea jifbnbirbz` ydurs`nj wbth th` misbg ghirigt`rbstbgs thit ir` gdffde td beabvbauin n`tt`rs iea eufm`rs.
L@QQBEL WQI]Q@A
Misbg obt \H@E WI]BEL GINNBL]ISHR, H@ BFF@ABI@ BFF@ABI@ @WW@EBINW I]@ I MDI]A, I ABS S@ E, SIS@], IEA EDE�
L@QQBEL WQI]Q@A
Misbg obt \H@E WI]BEL GINNBL]ISHR, H@ BFF@ABI@ BFF@ABI@ @WW@EBINW I]@ I MDI]A, I ABS S@ E, SIS@], IEA EDE� \I@]S]DDJ \I @]S]DDJ BEO . HD\@Z@], M@JD]@ NDEL, RDP FIR \BWH D DMIBE WDF@ IAABBDEIN @YPBSF@E, WPGH IW S@EGBNW? IE @]IW@]? I �WYPI]@ �JD] @IWR NBE@ A]I\BEL�, ABJJ@]@E S@E EBMW, IEA GDND]@A SIBEW D] BEOW. QDDNW IEA @YPBSF@EQ
Q`r` bs i tr`f`eadus riel` dj fit`rbins iea bfpn`f`ets ivibnimn` td th` ginnblriph`r. Wtirt wbth th` `ss`etbins, iea mubna up ydur `qubpf`et lriauinny is ydu m`gdf` fdr` prdgb`et iea a`v`ndp sp`gbg bet`r`sts.
99.
Ginnblriphy beos, beos, ede-wit`rprddj.
9=.
Wgbssdrs.
97.
Ginnblriphy jduetibe p`e wbth squir`-`al` ebm. Ldda jdr m`lbee`rs.
91.
Abp p`e hdna`rs wbth virbdus ebms. (]duea`a mirr`ns ir` fdr` gdfjdrtimn`.)
JD] GINNBL]ISHR
Q` fdst gdffde bt`fs us`a jdr ginnblriphy gie m` mdulht be stitbde`ry stdr`s, mut try irtbsts‒ suppnb`rs iea grijt stdr`s jdr fdr` sp`gbinbz`a `qubpf`et. 9. Fisobel tip` td s`gur` pip`r mut gie m` nbjt`a `isbny.
i)
Dsfbrdba squir`-`al`a ebm m) sgrdnn ebms g) fippbel ebms a) ]`x`n squir`-`al`a ebms wbth s`pirit` r`s`rvdbrs `) sp``aminn ebms 90.
@nmdw ebm jdr gdpp`rpnit` wrbtbel.
9:.
Gdpp`rpnit` ebm hdna`r jdr striblht ebm.
9<.
S`e hdna`rs wbth ebms.
98.
Iutdfitbg p`es jdr nirl`-sgin` wrbtbel.
rbieln` (73, 10 iea :3 a`lr``s). Ps`jun jdr f`isurbel p`e ieln`s iea ariwbel v`rtbgins iea hdrbzdetins.
92.
\it`rgdndr \i t`rgdndr pibet be pies iea hinj pies.
=3.
\it`rgdndr pibet be tum`s jdr pibetbel iea wish`s.
1.
Srdtrigtdrs jdr f`isurbel p`e ieln`s dr dr n`tt`r sniet (btinbg). (btinbg).
=9.
0.
-squir` jdr ariwbel pirinn`n pirinn`n wrbtbel nbe`s.
A`sble`rs‒ lduigh`, dpiqu` wit`rgdndr `xg`nn`et `xg`nn`et jdr wrbtbel be gdndr gdndr..
:.
]`pdsbtbdeimn` lnu` stbgo, ede-p`rfie`et lnu` dr rumm`r g`f`et, iea spr`ia`r td us` jdr niyduts.
==.
Sin`tt` jdr fbxbel pibet.
=7.
Mrush`s, simn` dr simn`/syeth`tbg fbx jdr pibetbel.
<.
S`egbns (=H iea HM).
=1.
S`egbn shirp`e`r shirp `e`r..
8.
]un`r jdr f`isurbel iea nbe` ariwbel.
=0.
@ris`r.
2.
F`tin run`r td us` wh`e guttbel pip`r.
Dptbdein bt`fs; gdfpiss, runbel p`e, guttbel fit, iea so`tghmddo.
=.
7.
Luf sieairig, e`ny lrduea r`sbe r`sbe aust`a detd pip`r dr sobe td begr`is` wrbtbel shirpe`ss; i) be grystin jdrf m) e`ny lrduea iea o`pt be i kir dr be i mil.
93.
Grijt oebj` jdr guttbel pip`r. pip`r.
9=
L@QQBEL WQI]Q@A
Hdnabel th` p`e B BW BFSD]IE D @WIMNBWH I \IR DJ HDNABEL H@ S@E HI INND\W I JB]F IEA W@IAR L]BS \HBN@ RDP \D]O, MP HI INWD @EIMN@W RDP @IWBNR D GHIEL@ H@ S@E IELN@ \H@E E@@A@A. FDW ]BLH�HIEA@A GINNBL]ISH@]W ]@W H@ S@E DE H@ JB]W KDBE DJ H@ FBAAN@ JBEL@] IEA PW@ H@ HPFM IEA JD]@JBEL@]
L@QQBEL WQI]Q@A
Hdnabel th` p`e B BW BFSD]IE D @WIMNBWH I \IR DJ HDNABEL H@ S@E HI INND\W I JB]F IEA W@IAR L]BS \HBN@ RDP \D]O, MP HI INWD @EIMN@W RDP @IWBNR D GHIEL@ H@ S@E IELN@ \H@E E@@A@A. FDW ]BLH�HIEA@A GINNBL]ISH@]W ]@W H@ S@E DE H@ JB]W KDBE DJ H@ FBAAN@ JBEL@] IEA PW@ H@ HPFM IEA JD]@JBEL@] D LPBA@ H@ S@E IEA FIBEIBE BW IELN@. L@QQBEL QH@ ]BLHQ S@E IELN@
S`e ieln` prdmn`fs ir` fdr` firo`a be th` `irny stil`s dj n`irebel. I itt`r ieln` td th` wrbtbel nbe` bs fdr` eiturin thie i st``p de`, sd ydu wbnn e``a e`` a td gh`go th` ieln` gdestietny it rst. @stimnbsh ie ieln` dj 13 td :3 a`lr``s m`tw``e ydur p`e iea mdira jdr m`st r`sunts. H`r`, it rblht, ydu gie s`` hdw th` h``n dj th` hiea r`sts de th` mdira td `esur` stimbnbty. GHIELBEL S@E IELN@
Q` sbfpn`st wiy dj int`rbel ebm ieln` wbthdut absruptbel ydur wrbtbel `ffidrt bs td rdnn th` p`e m`tw``e ydur thufm iea iea jdr`el`r wbthdut int`rbel th` pdsbtbde dj ydur hiea. Be th`
3 a`lr``s
10 a`lr``s
bnnustritbdes ydu wbnn s`` hdw th` ieln` dj th` p `ehdna`r h`na be ydur hiea fdv`s be i 23 a`lr`` irg is ydu ghiel` th` ieln` dj th` ebm jrdf 3 a`lr``s thrdulh 10 a`lr``s td 23 a`lr``s.
23 a`lr``s
=3
HDNABEL QH@ S@E
HBEQW JD] N@JQ�HIEA@]W
INQ@]EIQBZ@ N@JQ-HIEA SDWBQBDEW Jdr fdst sgrbpts th` strdo`s ir` punn rith`r thie push strdo`s ‑thit bs, th` p`e bs punn`a igrdss th` pip`r best`ia dj m`bel push`a. Q`s` stieaira strdo` abr`gtbdes ir` ibf`a it rblht-
Bj jdr iey r`isde th` uea`rirf pdsbtbde ad`s edt subt ydu, try de` dj th`s` int`reitbv`s.
HDNABEL QH@ S@E
HBEQW JD] N@JQ�HIEA@]W
INQ@]EIQBZ@ N@JQ-HIEA SDWBQBDEW Jdr fdst sgrbpts th` strdo`s ir` punn rith`r thie push strdo`s ‑thit bs, th` p`e bs punn`a igrdss th` pip`r best`ia dj m`bel push`a. Q`s` stieaira strdo` abr`gtbdes ir` ibf`a it rblhthiea`rs, whd jdrf th` fikdrbty dj th` pdpunitbde. Be dra`r td jdnndw th` gdrr`gt strdo` abr`gtbde, n`jt-hiea`a ginnblriph`rs gieedt sbfpny us` i fbrrdr bfil` dj th` rblht-hiea`a wrbtbel pdsbtbdes mut hiv` td iadpt int`reitbv` pdsbtbdes jdr th`br hieas iea irfs. N`jt-hiea`a ginnblriph`rs hiv` absgdv`r`a fiey wiys dj dv`rgdfbel thbs abgunty, mut jdr m`lbee`rs th` uea`rirf pdsbtbde bs gdesba`r`a fdst `ffi`gtbv`. Qbs pdsbtbde `eimn`s strdo`s td m` th` sif` is jdr rblht-hiea`rs, iea th` wdro gie m` vb`w`a jrdf i r`lunir p`rsp`gtbv`. S`ehdna`r iea ebm ir` inble`a be i sbfbnir wiy td th` rblht-hiea`a p`e‑ie dmvbdus iavietil` wh`e n`irebel jrdf i rblht-hiea`a t`igh`r dr rblht-hiea`a `xifpn`s. Hdw`v`r, Hdw`v`r, thbs pdsbtbde fiy edt subt inn n`jt-hiea`a ginnblriph`rs. Rdu Rdu fiy e``a td `xp`rbf`et wbth abffi`r`et f`thdas td ea th` sdnutbde thit bs m`st jdr ydu. I fdr` l`e`rin abgunty `egduet`r`a my n`jt-hiea`rs bs ighb`vbel iea fibetibebel i st``p-`edulh p`e ieln` td th` pip`r. Wdf` p`dpn` sdnv` thbs my turebel th` pip`r up td th` n`jt, mut thbs fiy absturm th` wrbtbel dj v`rtbgins iea gdestiet sniets. Dmnbqu` ebms gie h`np n`jt-hiea`rs td ighb`v` iggurit` ieln`s.
Bj jdr iey r`isde th` uea`rirf pdsbtbde ad`s edt subt ydu, try de` dj th`s` int`reitbv`s.
9 Hddo pdsbtbde; Snig` ydur hiea imdv` th` wrbtbel nbe` be i „hddo‖ pdsbtbde my `xbel th` wrbst adwewira. Q`e, ijt`r pnigbel th` ebm de th` pip`r it th` a`sbr`a ieln`, fdv` th` ebm be th` abr`gtbde dj th` strdo`. Bt fiy h`np td sniet th` pip`r snblhtny td th` n`jt.
= Z`rtbgin pdsbtbde; Be thbs f`thda th` pip`r bs pnig`a it 23 a`lr``s td th` hdrbzdetin iea ydu wdro jrdf tdp td mdttdf best`ia dj jrdf n`jt td rblht. Qbs `eimn`s ydu td r`ea`r strdo`s is i rblhthiea`r, mut th` ueusuin ieln` fiy fio` bt abgunt td kual` th` n`tt`rjdrfs is ydu wdro.
PEA@]I]F SDWBQBDE JD] N@JQ�HIEA@]W
It th` wrbst, ture th` n`jt hiea is jir is pdssbmn` td th` n`jt be dra`r td pnig` th` ebm de th` pip`r it th` gdrr`gt ieln`. Bt fiy h`np td sniet ydur pip`r adwe td th` rblht. @egduril` jr`` irf fdv`f`et my pnigbel th` pip`r snblhtny td th` n`jt dj ydur mday iea wrbtbel jrdf thbs pdsbtbde. Bt h`nps bj ydu wdro de ie `xtriwba` mdira wbth i luira sh``t igrdss th` junn wbath, sd thit ydu gie fdv` ydur wdro td th` n`jt is ydu wrbt`.
=9
INSHIM@Q \D]OMDDO
Qh` inphim`ts
INSHIM@Q \D]OMDDO
Qh` inphim`ts H@ INSHIM@W BE HBW W@GBDE DJJ@] IE @ED]FDPW ]IEL@ DJ WRN@W. BJ RDP JNBS H]DPLH H@ SIL@W RDP \BNN W@@ HI H@]@ BW IE INSHIM@ JD] KPW IMDP @Z@]R DGGIWBDE. WDF@ I]@ FD]@ GDFSNBGI@A HIE DH@]W IEA ]@YPB]@ MDH WOBNN IEA @XS@]B@EG@ \BH H@ S@E.
Q` inphim`ts be thbs s`gtbde dj th` mddo ir` abvba`a betd t`e s`ts, `igh stirtbel wbth ie `xgbtbel inphim`tbgin a`sble r`nit`a td th` sgrbpts gdv`r`a. Ghdds` de` dj th` fibe inphim`ts, iea stuay bt
gir`junny. ]`ia th` bestrugtbdes iea tio` edt` dj iey sp`gbin j`itur`s thit ir` f`etbde`a, fdst bfpdrtietny, th` eufm`r dj ebm-wbaths iea th` p`e ieln`.
INSHIM@Q \D]OMDDO
@igh inphim`t gdf`s wbth i sobnn ritbel; m`lbee`r bet`rf`abit` iavieg`a
INSHIM@Q 9; ]DFIE GISBQINW
Inphim`t 9; ]dfie gipbtins GISBQINW HIZ@ WP]ZBZ@A ]@NIQBZ@NR PEGHIEL@A JD] =,333 R@I]W, IEA I]@ WQBNN S@]J@GQ JD] BFSD]QIEQ
Gir`junny prdpdrtbde`a]dfie gipbtins ir` dv`rniba tdshdw th`br h`br l`df`trbgr`nitbdeshbps. Q`y prdvba` i gdetrist tdth` thr`` fdr` jr``nywrbtt`e inphim`ts. Edt` th` vbsuin bet`r`st djh`ivyw`blht n`tt`rbel ilibest i sbfbnirny sbz`ai nphim`t djfdr` stieaira w`blht,whbn` th` tbeyn`tt`rs iaa i e`w abf`esbde wbth th`br ghiel` djsgin`.
QBQN@W, H@IABELW IEA WBLEW, MR QH@FW@NZ@W D] GDFMBE@A \BQH DQH@] HIEAW. QH@ WQ]PGQP]@ DJ ]DFIE GISBQINW BW L@DF@Q]BG, MIW@A FIBENR DE WYPI]@W IEA GB]GN@W.
Ebm-wbath; sginbel up dr adwe bs `isy is ndel is ydu iah`r` td th` eufm`r dj ebm-wbaths shdwe jdr `igh inphim`t.
Q` fibe inphim`t shdwe his abr`gtbdein irrdws td h`np ydu m`lbe, wbth ie `xpnieitbde dj whit ydu e``a td oedw. Q`s` fibe inphim`ts ir` irriel`a be th` mddo be th` dra`r thit
WQI]QBEL DPQ Hdna th` p`e it 73 a`lr``s jrdf th` hdrbzdetin? bj ydu hiv` ldt bt rblht, „Q‖ shduna hiv` i thbee`r hdrbzdetin strdo` gdfpir`a wbth bts v`rtbgin iea „D‖ shduna hiv` bts thbee`st pirts it 99 iea 0 d‒gndgo. @xg`ptbdes ir`; td itt`e th` p`e td l`t i thbgo`r abildein de „[‖? st``p`e th` p`e td l`t i thbee`r strdo` jdr th` rst v`rtbgin dj „F‖ iea rst iea nist dj „E.‖
th`y `vdnv`a hbstdrbginny. 72
78
Dth`r ghirigt`rbstbgs td m` fbeajun dj ir`; Bs bt uprblht dr sndp`a4 Bs bt rduea, dr dvin, dr spig`a gnds`ny tdl`th`r4 Hdw prdfbe`et ir` iey isg`ea`rs iea a`sg`ea`rs4 •
•
•
•
Ir` th` irgh`s dj ndw`rgis` n`tt`rs kdbe`a hblh up dr adwe ndw4 \hit ir` th` s`rbjs nbo`4
•
71
INSHIM@Q \D]OMDDO
Inphim`t 9; ]dfie gipbtins gipbtins GISBINW HIZ@ WP]ZBZ@A ]@NIBZ@NR PEGHIEL@A JD] =,333 R@I]W, IEA I]@ WBNN S@]J@G JD] BFSD]IE
INSHIM@Q \D]OMDDO
Inphim`t 9; ]dfie gipbtins gipbtins GISBINW HIZ@ WP]ZBZ@A ]@NIBZ@NR PEGHIEL@A JD] =,333 R@I]W, IEA I]@ WBNN S@]J@G JD] BFSD]IE BN@W, H@IABELW IEA WBLEW, MR H@FW@NZ@W D] GDFMBE@A \BH DH@] HIEAW. H@ W]PGP]@ DJ ]DFIE GISBINW BW L@DF@]BG, MIW@A FIBENR DE WYPI]@W IEA GB]GN@W.
WQI]QBEL DPQ Hdna th` p`e it 73 a`lr``s jrdf th` hdrbzdetin? bj ydu hiv` ldt bt rblht, „‖ shduna hiv` i thbee`r hdrbzdetin strdo` gdfpir`a wbth bts v`rtbgin iea „D‖ shduna hiv` bts thbee`st pirts it 99 iea 0 d‒gndgo. @xg`ptbdes ir`; td itt`e th` p`e td l`t i thbgo`r abildein de „[‖? st``p`e th` p`e td l`t i thbee`r strdo` jdr th` rst v`rtbgin dj „F‖ iea rst iea nist dj „E.‖
78
INSHIM@Q \D]OMDDO
]DFIE GISBQINW; ZI]BIQBDEW
]@EIBWWIEG@
I nblht`r-w`blht v`rsbde dj `blht ebm-wbaths, wbth thbe s`rbjs iea
INSHIM@Q \D]OMDDO
]DFIE GISBQINW; ZI]BIQBDEW
]@EIBWWIEG@
I nblht`r-w`blht v`rsbde dj `blht ebm-wbaths, wbth thbe s`rbjs iea sdf` ]`eibssieg` stynbel. Edt` th` „R‖ jdrfitbde iea th` tdp n`ia-be s`rbjs de „M,‖ „J,‖ iea „].‖
H@IZR\@BLHQ
Qbs bs fdr` jr``ny wrbtt`e, it deny v` ebm-wbaths. Fio` sur` ydu ad edt sigrbg` ldda n`tt`rjdrfs wh`e itt`fptbel td td ndds`e up be thbs wiy.
WNDS@A WQIEAI]A
Qbs v`rsbde bs s`v`e ebm-wbaths h`blht iea bs sndp`a, edt td m` gdejus`a wbth ie btinbg, whbgh wduna m` gdfpr`ss`a be wbath.
H@IZR IEA GHPEOR
Jbv` ebm-wbaths wbth snim s`rbjs? th` s`rbjs it th` `eas dj `xifpn`s „G‖ iea „@‖ ir` fia` dj adwewira strdo`s stbnn it 73 a`lr``s.
NBLHQ\@BLHQ
Qbs nblhtw`blht styn` gie shdw up iey h`sbtitbde. Ps` i sfinn ebm, iea m` gir`jun wh`e mn`eabel th` kdbes m`tw``e strdo`s.
13
INSHIM@Q \D]OMDDO
]DFIE GISBQINW; \D]OMDDO
]dfie gipbtins ir` s`v`e ebm-wbaths hblh, iea th` p`e bs h`na it 73 a`lr``s jdr inn n`tt`rs `xg`pt wh`r` shdwe be „F,‖ „E,‖ iea „[.‖ Siy pirtbgunir itt`etbde td th`br ebm-wbaths.
INSHIM@Q \D]OMDDO
]DFIE GISBQINW; \D]OMDDO
]dfie gipbtins ir` s`v`e ebm-wbaths hblh, iea th` p`e bs h`na it 73 a`lr``s jdr inn n`tt`rs `xg`pt wh`r` shdwe be „F,‖ „E,‖ iea „[.‖ Siy pirtbgunir itt`etbde td th`br ebm-wbaths.
I
G
1=
M
A
@
A`sble & Gdndr Deg` ydu hiv` `stimnbsh`a i wiy dj wdrobel, iea hiv` fist`r`a i eufm`r dj th` sgrbpts be th` pr`g`abel Inphim`t \dromddo, ydu gie stirt td gr`it` wdros dj ydur dwe. Hivbel ghds`e i t`xt td wdro wbth, ydur fibe gdeg`res shduna m` eabel ie ipprdprbit` sgrbpt, a`gbabel de ie `ffi`gtbv` niydut, iea ghddsbel i gdndr sgh`f` jdr th` pb`g`. Qbs s`gtbde nddos it i eufm`r dj misbg luba`nbe`s iea t`ghebqu`s thit wbnn h`np ydu fio` th` rblht r blht a`gbsbdes imdut a`sble iea gdndr gdndr.. Q`r` bs sduea iavbg` de th` prbegbpn`s dj a`sblebel i niydut, de abffi`r`et wiys dj nddobel it ginnblriphbg sgrbpts, iea de th` misbgs dj gdndr th`dry. Bt wbnn deny m` i fitt`r dj tbf` m`jdr` th`s` isp`gts dj ginnblriphy m`gdf` s`gdea eitur` td ydu.
A@WBLE & GDND]
A@WBLE & GDND]
MDDOW
Bj ydu hiv` ghds`e td fio` i mddo, ghdds` i hiea thit nddos rblht be i sfinn sbz`‑iea de` thit ydu gie wrbt` gdfp`t`etny iea ighb`v` ie `v`e dv`rinn t`xtur`. Q` firlbes iea th` bet`rnbe` spig` wbnn m` bfpdrtiet jigtdrs td gdesba`r be i mddo, wh`r` `v`ry pil` wbnn nddo sbfbnir. @xp`rbf`et wbth wba`ebel dr eirrdwbel th` bet`rnbe` spig`s, iea lbvbel ndts dj firlbe. Q` usuin sgrbpts issdgbit`a wbth wrbtbel mddos, r`j`rr`a td is „mddo hieas, hieas,‖‖ ir` th` `isbny r`ia ndw`rgis` hieas sugh is btinbg iea jdueaitbdein, mut th` sumk`gt wbnn m` th` a`t`rfbebel jigtdr. Ie dna L`rfie stdry fblht m` ipprdprbit` be Ldthbg iea i Wgdttbsh jdnotin` fiy nddo m`tt`r be uegbin dr hinj-uegbin. SDWQ@]W
Q` juegtbde dj i pdst`r bs td gitgh th` `y`, iea th`e td lbv` th` sinb`et pdbets it i lnieg`. Qit `nbfbeit`s fiey inphim`ts dj i a`gdritbv` eitur`, inthdulh th`y fiy m` us`a jdr th` s`gdeairy bejdrfitbde. Wbz` iea w`blht ir` bfpdrtiet‑ydu e``a bfpigt. Wpig` ydur fibe tbtn` gnds`ny iea us` i mdna hiea? lrdup l rdup dth`r bejdrfitbde sd thit bt r`ias be i ndlbgin dra`r. H`ivyw`blht gipbtins, btinbg, thbgo v`rsins, iea uegbins inn gitgh th` `y`, iea i sfinn`r, n`ss h`ivy v`rsbde, dr i nbeo`a sgrbpt ir` ldda ghdbg`s jdr th` r`st dj th` t`xt.
Ie `xp`rbf`etin pb`g` `xpndrbel n`tt`rjdrfs thit viry be sbz` is th`y ndgo tdl`th`r, a`p`eabel de th` ship` dj th` pr` vbdus n`tt`r iea th` gduet`r spig`. Ginnblripy my Mrbie \ino`r
91=
JNDP]BWHBEL
PWBEL I WYPI]@�GPQ M]PWH
I sfinn squir`-gut mrush wbnn fbfbg th` thbe iea thbgo nbe`s dj i mrdia ebm.
JNDP]BWHBEL
PWBEL I WYPI]@�GPQ M]PWH
I sfinn squir`-gut mrush wbnn fbfbg th` thbe iea thbgo nbe`s dj i mrdia ebm.
9 Srigtbg` usbel i squir`-gut mrush. Ad edt gr`it` tdd fugh r`sbstieg` be bts fdv`f`et.
= I nirl` squir`-gut mrush bs us`a h`r` td iaa r`a adts is i ebshbel tdugh.
PWBEL ADPMN@ SDBEQW
@fpndybel adumn` pdbets td fio` durbsh`s prdvba`s ie dppdrtuebty td betrdaug` n`tt`rs td th` `x`rgbs`s. Q` adumn` pdbets ir` tr`it`a be th` sif` fiee`r is i squir` ebm, mut gie m` fiebpunit`a wbth lr`it`r jr``adf dj fdv`f`et igrdss th` pil`. 9
Adumn` p`egbns inndw ie `e`rl`tbg durbsh td `f`rl` iea m` ippnb`a is ie `xt`esbde td i n`tt`r.. Q` durbsh de th` btinbg n`tt`r n`tt`r „h‖ bs ariwe td r`s`fmn` i rbmmde uejurnbel. =
Ie `xum`riet abspniy dj durbshbel usbel gdpp`rpnit`-styn` n`tt`rbel. Q` ein pb`g` wis prdaug`a my sbno-sgr``ebel de` gdndr be r`v`rs`. Q` irtwdro wis pr`pir`a be mnigo de sgritghmdira. Ginnblriphy my K`ie Nirgh`r
9:2
\@AABEL BEZBQIQBDE
\`aabel bevbtitbde JD]FIN BEZBIBDEW, WPGH IW HDW@ JD] \@AABELW, MB]HAIRW, IEA GH]BW@EBELW, GIE M@ L]@INR
\@AABEL BEZBQIQBDE
\`aabel bevbtitbde JD]FIN BEZBIBDEW, WPGH IW HDW@ JD] \@AABELW, MB]HAIRW, IEA GH]BW@EBELW, GIE M@ L]@INR @EHIEG@A MR GINNBL]ISHR, PW@A INDE@ D] GDFMBE@A \BH RS@. HIEA\]B@E N@@]W IEA WBFSN@ N@@] A@GD]IBDE JNDP]BWHBEL GIE IAA H@ BEABZBAPIN DPGH HI RS@ INDE@ NIGOW.
\HBGH WG]B WG]BSQ4 SQ4
Jdrfin sgrbpts, sugh is btinbg, ir` subtimn` jdr dggisbdes sugh is w`aabels, ghrbst`ebels, dr miequ`ts, mut th`r` ir` ed hira-ieajist run`s. Q` bevbtitbde gduna m` wrbtt`e `etbr`ny be gipbtins, dr be ir`is dj upp`r iea ndw`rgis` n`tt`rs td subt th` t`xt iea dv`rinn a`sble. Rdu fblht gdfmbe` gdfpitbmn` gdfpitbmn` sgrbpts, us` i subtimn` `fm`nnbsh`a gipbtin, ghiel` td i nirl`r ebm jdr th` fibe eif`s, dr wrbt` th`f be i abffi`r`et sgrbpt. @v`e th` fdst jdrfin bevbtitbde fblht m`e`t jrdf i absgr``t mdra`r dr sfinn a`gdritbv` a`vbg` dr bnnustritbde. A`sblebel ie bevbtitbde jdr prbetbel f`ies pr`pirbel irtwdro be th` jdrf dj i pist`-up, wbth ginnblriphy wrbtt`e be mnigo iea wbth gdndr bestrugtbdes jdr th` prbet`r. prbet`r. Bj ydu ir` r`prdaugbel th` bevbtitbdes my phdtdgdpybel, th`y gie m` gdpb`a be mnigo iea whbt` dr gdndr detd whbt` dr gdndr`a pip`r sugb`etny thbgo td gut dr jdna betd giras. Rdur bevbtitbde wbnn usuinny e``a td gdfpny td i r`lunir sbz` iea ship` us`a my th` prbet`r, iea, bj ydu wdro nirl`r, ydu wbnn hiv` td pr`pir` ydur irtwdro td sgin`. Q` w`aabel bevbtitbde shdwe h`r` hia td lbv` prdfbe`eg prdfbe`eg`` td th` eif`s dj th` mrba` iea th` lrddf, whbn` gdev`ybel virybel n`v`ns dj bejdrfitbde bejdrfitbde imdut th` w`aabel iea r`g`ptbde r`g`ptbde gn`irny iea ittrigtbv`ny.
Q` bevbtitbde bs prbet`a de i whbt` gira wbth i snbv`r a`gon`a `al`. Q` r`sunt bs `n`liet iea r`s`rv`a.
927
S]DK@GQW
]`eibssieg` bespbritbde QH@ HBLHNR A@GD]IQBZ@ A@GD]IQBZ@ IEA M@IPQBJPN NR BNNPFBEIQ@A BNNPFBEIQ@A FIEPWG] BSQW DJ QH@ ]@EIBWWIEG@ S@ ]BDA WHD\@A I
S]DK@GQW
]`eibssieg` bespbritbde QH@ HBLHNR A@GD]IQBZ@ A@GD]IQBZ@ IEA M@IPQBJPN NR BNNPFBEIQ@A BNNPFBEIQ@A FIEPWG] BSQW DJ QH@ ]@EIBWWIEG@ S@ ]BDA WHD\@A I EDQBG@IMN@ GDEG @]E \BQH ]@INBWQBG BE Q@]S]@QI Q@]S]@QIQBDE QBDE IEA WFINN FBEBIQP]@W, \HBGH \@]@ I ]@JN@GQBDE DJ QH@ ]@INBWQBG WQRN@ W DJ QH@ J]@WGD SIBEQ@]W IQ QH@ QBF@ DJ QH@ ]DFIE @FSB]@.
]@EIBWWIEG@ „J‖
]@EIBWWIEG@ „O‖
I mnigo nbe` ariwbel dj th` whbt` vbe`-st`f a`sble dj th` jt``eth g`etury. Qbs n`tt`r gie m` trig`a iea gdndr`a is bnnustrit`a de pil` =9<. Rdu gie, dj gdurs`, us` dth`r gdndrs.
Qbs mnigo nbe` n`tt`r bs typbgin dj jt``eth-g`etury a`sble.
Qbs ribs`a lbna`a n`tt`r wbth i pibet`a r`a lduigh` migolrduea bs typbgin dj sbxt``eth-g`etury sbxt``eth-g`e tury a` gdritbv` gipbtins.
Qbs thr``-abf`esbdein n`tt`r wis gdpb`a jrdf th` firlbein a`gdritbde dj i Jr`egh Mddo dj Hdurs, g.90=3, drblbeinny fia` jdr Jriegbs B dj Jrieg`. Hbs bebtbin n`tt`r wis begdrpdrit`a betd th` `nimdrit` mdra`r a`gdritbde.
Qbs sbxt``eth-g`etury-styn` sbxt``eth-g`etury-styn` n`tt`r his m``e pibet`a td bfbtit` i gnissbgin ]dfie besgrbptbdein n`tt`r.. Qbs wis i j`itur` s``e be fiey dj th` n`tt`r bebtbin n`tt`rs dj th` ]`eibssieg`.
=98
Qbs `n`liet bet`rnigbel a`sble gie m` ippnb`a td iey n`tt`r dj th` inphim`t. Bt bs bet`r`stbel td edt` thit th` vbe` ad`s edt `fieit` `fieit` jrdf th` n`tt`r, n`tt`r, is bt wduna wbth ]dfie`squ` fdtbjs, mut deny spbrins irduea bt.
Qbs nblht mnu` „O‖ wis bespbr`a my ie bebtbin n`tt`r jrdf i jt``eth-g`et jt``eth-g`etury ury Mrul`s Mddo dj Hdurs.
I ribs`a lbna`a gnissbgin n`tt`r mis`a de thds` jduea be lr`it imueaieg` be th` Jndr`etbe` Mddos dj Hdurs wrbtt`e be th` rst hinj dj th` sbxt``eth g`etury. g`etury. Q` nbe` a`gdritbde gie m` whbt` dr be sh`nn ldna.
