Summary
Piping Pressure Drop Template -- For Liquids or Gases Version 2.19a by Stephen M. Hall, PE Copyright 1999, 2000
All cells are locked except user-defined data; unlock sheet from Tools menu (no password required) VIEW-COMMENTS to see some additional explanations. DATA INPUT
Prepared by Date English
Project Data S. Hall Client 15-Mar-2003 W.O. Unit SI Area Line ID
Line Number: Service: Pipe Material Specification:
Sample 10314 Process Tank Farm
Liquid Example General Pipeline Data Raw Material Transfer << 150 lb Carbon Steel A None
Insulation Ambient Temp
(deg F)
80.00 Process Data
Fluid Name Molecular Weight Actual Flow Maximum Flow Flowing Temperature Nominal Pressure Specific Gravity Absolute Viscosity
Optional Pulldown List of Fluids
Toluene Liquid (Entry Ignored>>>) 92.13 (gallons/minute) 100.00 Gas (gallons/minute) 100.00 (deg F) 70.00 (psia) 14.70 0.87 (<<< Entry Ignored) (centipoise) 0.779 (<<< Entry Ignored) Size Selection Criteria
Toluene
Conversion from scfm to pph Desired scfm:
150
Molecular weight:
92.13
Actual Flow (lb/h):
2,310
Conversion from acfm to pph Economic
Specific Diameter
Target Velocity
Desired acfm:
3
Molecular weight: Pressure (psia):
Physical Layout Length of pipeline 90 deg Ell Long Rad. Ell 45 deg Ell 180 deg Bend TEE-Line Flow TEE-Branch Flow Bell Mouth Inlet Square Mouth Inlet
(feet) 0 Globe Valve 0 Gate Valve 0 Ball Valve (reduced port) 0 Butterfly Valve 0 Plug Valve 0 Angle Valve 0 Swing Check Valve 0 Re-Entrant Pipe Report Selection
Results Summary
LIQFLOW
Datasheet Style
EquivLength
Instructions
OPTLIQ
Page 1
Temperature (deg F):
1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Actual Flow (lb/h):
150 92.13 14.7 70 2,144
3/15/2003
PIPELINE SIZING CALCULATION REV 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
PREPARED BY S. Hall
DATE 15-Mar-2003
Fluid Service Pipe Specification Surface Roughness Insulation Ambient Temperature
Fluid Pumped Design Flow Rate Maximum Flow Rate Flowing Temperature Nominal Pressure Specific Gravity Viscosity
CLIENT LINE NO. Sample Liquid Example W.O. REQUISITION NO. SPECIFICATION NO. 10314 18103 UNIT AREA PROCURED BY INSTALLED BY Process Tank Farm
APPROVAL
General Raw Material Transfer A: 150 lb Carbon Steel 0.00015 None 80
(feet) (deg F)
Process Data Toluene (liquid) 100 100 70 14.7 (= 54.10 lb/cu.ft.) 0.867 0.583587
(gallons/minute) (gallons/minute) (deg F) (psia) (centipoise)
Basis for Sizing: Optimum Economic Diameter
===>
Nom. Size 2 3 4
Sched 80 40 40
O.D. (in.) 2.375 3.500 4.500
Wall (in.) 0.218 0.216 0.237
I.D. (in.) 1.939 3.068 4.026
Reynolds Number 2.42E+05 1.53E+05 1.17E+05
Friction Factor 0.0207 0.0199 0.0198
Physical Layout 90 deg Ell - TEE-Line Flow - Globe Valve Long Rad. Ell - TEE-Brnch Flow - Gate Valve 45 deg Ell - Bell Mouth Inlet - Ball Valve (red. port) 180 deg Bend - Sq. Mouth Inlet - Butterfly Valve Straight Feet of Pipe (measured through centerline of fittings):
Pressure Drop/100 equiv ft (psi) (ft water) (ft liq) 8.81 20.36 23.48 0.85 1.97 2.27 0.22 0.51 0.58
1000
Velocity (ft/sec) 10.87 4.34 2.52
Plug Valve Angle Valve Swing Check Valve Re-Entrant Pipe feet
-
Heat Loss
===>
Nom. Size 2 3 4
units Btu/hr-ft Btu/hr-ft Btu/hr-ft
Bare (7) (11) (13)
0.5 in n/a n/a n/a
Pipe is Uninsulated 1 in 1-1/2 in n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
2 in n/a n/a n/a
3 in n/a n/a n/a
Heat Loss (Gain), But/hr 1 in 1-1/2 in n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
2 in n/a n/a n/a
3 in n/a n/a n/a
Summary of Results
===>
Nom. Eq Lgth Size (ft) 2 1,000 3 1,000 4 1,000
Pressure Drop (psi) (ft water) (ft liq) 88.13 203.58 234.8 8.54 19.73 22.7 2.19 5.06 5.8
Bare (7,363) (11,336) (13,417)
0.5 in n/a n/a n/a
EFFECT OF FLOW VARIATION REV 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
PREPARED BY S. Hall
DATE 15-Mar-2003
Fluid Service Pipe Specification Surface Roughness Insulation Ambient Temperature
Fluid Pumped Design Flow Rate Maximum Flow Rate Flowing Temperature Nominal Pressure Specific Gravity Viscosity Smaller Pipe Size Schedule Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter
Selected Pipe Size Schedule Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter
APPROVAL
General Raw Material Transfer A: 150 lb Carbon Steel 0.00015 None 80
(feet) (deg F)
(gallons/minute) (gallons/minute) (deg F) (psia) (centipoise)
(in.) (in.) (in.)
(in.) (in.) (in.)
Next Larger Pipe Size Schedule Outside Diameter (in.) Wall Thickness (in.) Inside Diameter (in.)
CLIENT LINE NO. Sample Liquid Example W.O. REQUISITION NO. SPECIFICATION NO. 10314 18103 UNIT AREA PROCURED BY INSTALLED BY Process Tank Farm
2 in. 80 2.375 0.218 1.939
3 in. 40 3.500 0.216 3.068
4 in. 40 4.500 0.237 4.026
Process Data Toluene (liquid) 100 100 70 14.7 0.867 (= 54.10 lb/cu.ft.) 0.58359 Flow (gpm) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow (gpm) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow (gpm) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Reynolds Number 24,192 48,384 72,576 96,768 120,960 145,152 169,344 193,536 217,727 241,919
Reynolds Number 15,289 30,579 45,868 61,158 76,447 91,737 107,026 122,316 137,605 152,895
Reynolds Number 11,651 23,303 34,954 46,605 58,257 69,908 81,559 93,210 104,862 116,513
Friction DeltaP/100 equiv ft Velocity Factor (psi) (ft water) (ft/sec) 0.26 0.0270 0.11 1.09 0.95 0.0241 0.41 2.17 2.02 0.0229 0.87 3.26 3.48 0.0222 1.51 4.35 5.33 0.0217 2.31 5.43 7.56 0.0214 3.27 6.52 10.17 0.0211 4.40 7.61 13.17 0.0210 5.70 8.69 16.54 0.0208 7.16 9.78 20.30 0.0207 8.79 10.87 Friction DeltaP/100 equiv ft Velocity Factor (psi) (ft water) (ft/sec) 0.03 0.0289 0.01 0.43 0.10 0.0250 0.04 0.87 0.21 0.0233 0.09 1.30 0.35 0.0222 0.15 1.74 0.53 0.0215 0.23 2.17 0.75 0.0210 0.32 2.60 1.00 0.0206 0.43 3.04 1.29 0.0203 0.56 3.47 1.61 0.0201 0.70 3.91 1.97 0.0199 0.85 4.34 Friction DeltaP/100 equiv ft Velocity Factor (psi) (ft water) (ft/sec) 0.01 0.0306 0.00 0.25 0.03 0.0260 0.01 0.50 0.05 0.0240 0.02 0.76 0.09 0.0227 0.04 1.01 0.14 0.0219 0.06 1.26 0.19 0.0213 0.08 1.51 0.26 0.0208 0.11 1.76 0.33 0.0204 0.14 2.02 0.41 0.0201 0.18 2.27 0.50 0.0198 0.22 2.52
EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE REV 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
PREPARED BY S. Hall
DATE 15-Mar-2003
APPROVAL
General Raw Material Transfer A: 150 lb Carbon Steel
Fluid Service Pipe Specification
Pipe Size Fittings 90 deg Ell Long Rad. Ell 45 deg Ell TEE-Line Flow TEE-Branch Flow 180 deg Bend Globe Valve Gate Valve Ball Valve (red. port) Butterfly Valve Plug Valve Angle Valve Swing Check Valve Bell Mouth Inlet Square Mouth Inlet Re-Entrant Pipe
CLIENT LINE NO. Sample Liquid Example W.O. REQUISITION NO. SPECIFICATION NO. 10314 18103 UNIT AREA PROCURED BY INSTALLED BY Process Tank Farm
Qty 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 inch Equiv. Ft. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qty 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 inch Equiv. Ft. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qty 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 inch Equiv. Ft. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straight Pipe
1,000
1,000
1,000
Total Equiv Feet
1000
1000
1000
Equivalent lengths are calculated using a table of values. If the fitting/size combination does not appear in the table, the "K Value" method is used. "K Value" data are from the Hydraulic Institute, Pipe Friction Manual, regressed.
SELECTED PIPE DIAMETER REV PREPARED BY 0 S. Hall 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
DATE 15-Mar-2003
Fluid Service Pipe Specification Surface Roughness Insulation Ambient Temperature
Fluid Pumped Design Flow Rate Maximum Flow Rate Flowing Temperature Nominal Pressure Specific Gravity Viscosity
APPROVAL
(feet) (deg F)
(gallons/minute) (gallons/minute) (deg F) (psia) (centipoise)
CLIENT LINE NO. Sample Liquid Example W.O. REQUISITION NO. SPECIFICATION NO. 10314 18103 UNIT AREA PROCURED BY INSTALLED BY Process Tank Farm General Raw Material Transfer A: 150 lb Carbon Steel 0.00015 None 80 Process Data Toluene (liquid) 100 100 70 14.7 0.867 (= 54.10 lb/cu.ft.) 0.58359
Economic Data Purchase cost of new pipe, 1 inch diameter, $/ft Ratio of costs for fittings & installation to purch. cost of pipe Factor relating pipe cost to diameter (exponential) Frictional loss due to fittings and bends, % of straight pipe Operation, hours/yr Cost of electricity, $/kwhr Efficiency of motor and pump, % Annual fixed charges for maintenance, % of pipe cost
$1.75 5 1.30 35% 8,000 $0.15 60% 20%
Basis for Sizing: Optimum Economic Diameter Optimum diameter calculated using Peters & Timmerhaus formula Closest pipe size from specified material class Smaller Size Actual Size Velocity Reynolds No. Friction Factor Pressure Drop
inch nominal size 2 inch actual inside diameter 1.939 feet/second 10.87 241,919 0.0207 psi/100 equiv ft 8.813
Selected Size 3 3.068 4.34 152,895 0.0199 0.854
2.59 3 Next Larger Size 4 4.026 2.52 116,513 0.0198 0.219
Calculated Costs, $ per year per foot of installed piping: Pumping Cost Initial Piping Annual Piping Total
Reference:
(power) (capital expenditure) (maintenance)
2 $11.02 $25.85 $5.17 $16.19
Peters & Timmerhaus Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers
3 $1.20 $43.80 $8.76 $9.96
4 $0.32 $63.66 $12.73 $13.05
Insulation Material Data
Table may be modified or supplemented. If adding new insulation material, insert new row prior to end of table (at row 15 for instance), add new material, then sort the table alph
Insulation Material
Min. Thickness (in)
Calcium Silicate Cellular glass Elastometric foam Fiberglass Mineral Wool Perlite, expanded Phenolic foam Polystyrene foam Polyurethane/ Polyisocyanurat e foams
Thermal Conductivity Coefficients
1 1
m p s t u 0.369 1.58E-04 3.92E-07 9.40E-11 0.00E+00 0.289 5.14E-04 4.36E-07 2.27E-10 2.76E-13
0.5 1 1
Maximum Temperature
Minimum Temperature
Thermal Conductivity, K
(ºF)
(ºF)
[Btu*in/ (h*ft2*ºF)]
1000 900
250 -450
0.383 0.330
0.195 4.25E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.228 3.72E-04 6.00E-07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
200 850 1200
-40 42 42
0.290 0.227 0.259
1 0.388 4.73E-04 3.06E-07 -8.00E-11 0.00E+00 1 0.116667 6.67E-04
1000 300
250 75
0.425 0.167
165
-65
0.230
250
-200
0.165
1
1
0.174 -1.55E-04 -3.39E-07 8.38E-09 1.82E-11
Intermediate Calculations Wind Factor 0 2*pi*(Ti-Ts) -62.83185307 K factor, per inch 0.02160625 Average temperature (fluid to ambient) 75 deg F
Insulation Material Data
Table may be modified or supplemented. If adding new insulation material, insert new row prior to end of table (at row 15 for instance), add new material, then sort the table alph
Insulation Material
Min. Thickness (in)
Calcium Silicate Cellular glass Elastometric foam Fiberglass Mineral Wool Perlite, expanded Phenolic foam Polystyrene foam Polyurethane/ Polyisocyanurat e foams
Thermal Conductivity Coefficients
1 1
m p s t u 0.369 1.58E-04 3.92E-07 9.40E-11 0.00E+00 0.289 5.14E-04 4.36E-07 2.27E-10 2.76E-13
0.5 1 1
Maximum Temperature
Minimum Temperature
Thermal Conductivity, K
(ºF)
(ºF)
[Btu*in/ (h*ft2*ºF)]
1000 900
250 -450
0.383 0.330
0.195 4.25E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.228 3.72E-04 6.00E-07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
200 850 1200
-40 42 42
0.290 0.227 0.259
1 0.388 4.73E-04 3.06E-07 -8.00E-11 0.00E+00 1 0.116667 6.67E-04
1000 300
250 75
0.425 0.167
165
-65
0.230
250
-200
0.165
1
1
0.174 -1.55E-04 -3.39E-07 8.38E-09 1.82E-11
Intermediate Calculations Wind Factor 0 2*pi*(Ti-Ts) -62.83185307 K factor, per inch 0.02160625 Average temperature (fluid to ambient) 75 deg F
Pipes
Standard Specifications Modify this table to incorporate project- or company-specific pipe specification designations. Keep it in alphabetical order by Spec. The column "Size Table" refers to the Pipe Specification Lookup Table section located below. Add additional columns if necessary, or edit the existing ones. Cost Factors Min Temp Max Temp Max Press Roughness Purchase Ratio Exponent deg F deg F psig ft $/ft (1 inch) Fittings 150 lb Carbon Steel -10 450 150 0.00015 $1.75 5 1.3 125 lb Carbon Steel -10 450 125 0.00015 $1.75 5 1.3 300 lb Carbon Steel -20 750 300 0.00015 $1.75 5 1.3 316L SS Pipe -100 500 145 0.0001 $4.50 8 0.89 Copper Pipe -100 250 110 0.000005 $4.50 8 0.89 316L SS Sanitary Tubing -100 450 150 0.000001 $4.50 8 0.89 316L SS Zephyrweld Tubing -100 450 150 0.000005 $4.50 8 0.89 Teflon-Lined Pipe -20 500 170 0.000005 $4.50 8 0.89 PVDF-Lined Pipe, Heavy Duty -20 275 150 0.000005 $4.50 8 0.89 PVDF-Lined Pipe, Thick Wall -20 275 150 0.000005 $4.50 8 0.89 Polypropylene-Line Pipe 0 225 150 0.000005 $4.50 8 0.89 FRP Pipe, Epoxy Lining 0 225 150 0.000005 $4.50 8 0.89 Glass-lined Steel -20 450 150 0.000005 $4.50 8 0.89 CPVC Pipe 0 180 100 0.000005 $0.75 18 0.91 Polypropylene Pipe, SDR Sizes 0 200 150 0.000005 $4.50 8 0.89 Type K Copper Water Tube -100 250 110 0.000015 $4.50 8 0.89 Type L Copper Water Tube -100 250 110 0.000015 $4.50 8 0.89 Type M Copper Water Tube -100 250 110 0.000015 $4.50 8 0.89
Spec Code Description A A3 B C CU D1 D2 F1 F2 F3 F4 G GL H1 H2 K L M
Page 1
Size Table 2 2 2 8 6 15 14 9 10 11 12 13 7 16 17 3 4 5