Calculation of Duct Sizing by Equal Friction Method

Design of Air Condioning Calculating of Cooling Load Total Cooling Load

Ht

= Hs + Hl

where = tota totall hea heatt load load(B (Btu tu/h /hr) r) Hs = Sens Sensib ible le heat heat(B (Btu tu/h /hr) r) Hl = late atent hea heat( t(Bt Btu u/hr /hr) Sensible heat Hs = 1.08  dt where Hs = Sens Sensib ible le heat heat(B (Btu tu/h /hr) r)  = air !olu"e lu"e flow flow((cf") cf") dt = te"# te"#er erat atur ure e diff differ eren encr cr($ ($%) %) &oo" to be air conditioned' length =  " width = .8 " Height = "  *rea = 1+.00 "9 ,olu"e = 0.00 ": air change rate = -.00  = 11.00 l/s 1 l/s = .11+ cf"  = 1. cf" outside te"#erature = inside te"#erature = dt = dt = herefore Hs = 1Btu/hr = Hs =

-.00 0.00 1-.00 -0.80

$C $C $C $C $C

%$,olu"e ,olu"e (fro" table 1)

(fro" table ) (fro" table )

1'8-.1+ Btu/hr   0.+ 2a 2att '-.- 2a 2 att able 13*ir Change &ate  *ir Shifts 4#e of Building and &oo"

 *ni"als

*irflow

5utdoor  

#er hour

(l/s #er "

(1/h)

floor area)

*irflow (l/s)

Shee#

 #er ani"al

Horses

0 #er ani"al

Hens

 #er ani"al

Cows

100 #er ani"al

Chic6ens

 #er ani"al

7igs' sow

-0 #er ani"al

7iglet

1 #er ani"al

 *uditoriu"s

Ba6eries

Ban6s

10 3 1 #er #erson 7roduction

8

7astr4 roo"

-

Ser!ice

 

 *rchi!e

1

Staff

 

Baths

 8

1

Barber Sho#s

1 3  #er #erson

B ar s

1 3  #er #erson

Beaut4 Sho#s

1 3  #er #erson

Boiler roo"s



Bowling *lle4s

1 3 0 #er #erson

Cafeterias



Cine"as/heatres

Che"ist$s sho#s

10

 3 1 #er #erson

Sterile roo"

1

Laborator4

1

7ac6ing roo"



St o r e

1

Churches

10 3 1 #er #erson



10 3 1 #er #erson

Clubhouses

1 3  #er #erson

Coc6tail Lounges

1 3  #er #erson

Co"#uter &oo"s

1 3 0 #er #erson

Court Houses

10 3 1 #er #erson

;ance halls

1 3 0 #er #erson

;ental Clinics' 5ffices

1 3 0 #er #erson

;e#art"ent Stores (cf"/S.%t)

0.

;ining Halls

10 3 1 #er #erson

;rug Sho#

10 3 1 #er #erson




<hibition halls

100

%ire Stations

1 3 0 #er #erson

>arages

 -

?1

>eneral

 #er #erson

hera#4

+

5#erating theatre

1

 *uditoriu"s

Ba6eries

Ban6s

10 3 1 #er #erson 7roduction

8

7astr4 roo"

-

Ser!ice

 

 *rchi!e

1

Staff

 

Baths

 8

1

Barber Sho#s

1 3  #er #erson

B ar s

1 3  #er #erson

Beaut4 Sho#s

1 3  #er #erson

Boiler roo"s



Bowling *lle4s

1 3 0 #er #erson

Cafeterias



Cine"as/heatres

Che"ist$s sho#s

10

 3 1 #er #erson

Sterile roo"

1

Laborator4

1

7ac6ing roo"



St o r e

1

Churches

10 3 1 #er #erson



10 3 1 #er #erson

Clubhouses

1 3  #er #erson

Coc6tail Lounges

1 3  #er #erson

Co"#uter &oo"s

1 3 0 #er #erson

Court Houses

10 3 1 #er #erson

;ance halls

1 3 0 #er #erson

;ental Clinics' 5ffices

1 3 0 #er #erson

;e#art"ent Stores (cf"/S.%t)

0.

;ining Halls

10 3 1 #er #erson

;rug Sho#

10 3 1 #er #erson




<hibition halls

100

%ire Stations

1 3 0 #er #erson

>arages

 -

?1

>eneral

 #er #erson

hera#4

+

5#erating theatre

1

%actor4

@ndustries

0 3 0 #er #erson

Car#enter wor6 sho#



Car re#air sho#



Car re#air sho#' ehaust outlet

-0 3 80 #er car 

echanical wor6 sho#



2 elding

11

 *sse"bl4



Aails

10 3 1 #er #erson

Aewelr4 Sho#

10 3 1 #er #erson

Libraries

10 3 1 #er #erson

Lunch &oo"s' Luncheonettes

10 3 1 #er #erson

unici#al Buildings

10 3 1 #er #erson

useu"s

10 3 1 #er #erson

S"ithies

-  S"all

0 3 0

Large

100

E"



1

?"



0

@ndustrial in general

itchens

 3 0

>as o!ens

0/" outside wall


00/" outside wall

>rill table

00/" outside wall

%r4ing #an

00

Boiling #an 100 l

100

Boiling #an 00 l

00

Coffee "achine

-0

&efrigerated cabinet

10

Cooling and freeFer roo"

0. 3 0.

St o r e

 

Laundries

101

La!atories

10

10

Dight Clubs

1 3  #er #erson

alls

10 3 1 #er #erson

otels

1 3 0 #er #erson

5ffices

Landsca#e

0 #er #erson

Conference roo"

1 3 0 #er #erson

Lecture roo"

10 3 1 #er #erson

;ining hall

1 3 0 #er #erson

Staff' changing clothes

81

;ining roo"

810

&esting roo"

1 #er #erson

7olice Stations

1 3 0 #er #erson

7ost 5ffices

1 3 0 #er #erson

7recision anufacturing

1 3 0 #er #erson

&estaurants

10

&etail Stores (cf"/S.%t) Schools

10

1 3 0 #er #erson

0. Classroo"



10 3 1 #er #erson

Sho#s

0 #er #erson

Sho##ing Centers

10 3 1 #er #erson

S#orts halls



Su#er"ar6ets

10 3 1 #er #erson

Swi""ing #ools

10

a!erns

1 3  #er #erson

own Halls

1 3 0 #er #erson

2inter Condition able 3@nside e"#erature

e"#erature 4#e of Heated roo"s

o

%

o

C

Bars

-

18

Bathroo"s





Bedroo"s

-

18

Churches

-

18

Cloa6roo"s

-1

1-

Classroo"s

-8

0

Corridors

-1

1-

;ining roo"s

-8

0

;ressing roo"s

0

1

<hibition halls

-

18

%actories' sedentar4 wor6

-

18

%actories' light wor6

-1

1-

%actories' hea!4 wor6



1

>4"s

+

1

Halls' asse"bl4

-

18

Halls' entrance

-1

1-

Hotel roo"s

0

1

Laboratories

-8

0

Lecture roo"s

-8

0

Libraries

-8

0

Li!ing roo"s

0

1

useu"s

-8

0

5ffices

-8

0

5#erating theatres





7risons

-

18

&ecreation roo"s

-

18

&estaurants

-

18

Sho#s

-

18

Stores

+

1

Swi""ing baths

81



2aiting roo"s

-

18

2ards

-

18

Su""er Condition able 3@nside e"#erature 5utside dr4 bulb

@nside air conditions with

te"#erature

dew #oint constant at 1 oC

o

o

C

C "a

o

C "in

G





18.





-

18

-

+



1.8







1.

1





1.



1



1



1 d"(litre)/s = 103 "/s = .- " /h = 0.0 ft /s = .118+ ft/"in (cf") = 1.00 @"#.gal ()/"in = 1.8 gal (S)/"in = + @"#. gal ()/h

Latent heat Hl = 0.-8  dw where Hl  dw outside hu"idit4 ratio inside hu"idit4 ratio dw herefore Hl 1Btu/hr Hl herefore

= Latent heat(Btu/hr) = air !olu"e flow(cf") = hu"idit4 ratio difference(lb.water/lb dr4 air) = -.00 (lb.water/lb dr4 air) = 0.00 (lb.water/lb dr4 air) = -.00 (lb.water/lb dr4 air) = = =

+8.+ Btu/hr   0.+ 2att 88.8 2att

Total Cooling Load Ht = Hs + Hl Ht = 16,847.78 t!"hr  Ht = 4,#$6.4% &att 4.#4 '&

7ressure Loss for Heat Load

 *ir Change &ates -n-

Building / &oo"

(*C/Hr.)

 *ttic s#aces for cooling

1 3 1

 *uditoriu"s

8 3 1

Ban6s

 3 10

Barber Sho#s

- 3 10

Bars

0 3 0

Beaut4 Sho#s

- 3 10

Boiler roo"s

1 3 0

Bowling *lle4s

10 3 1

Cafeterias

1 3 1

Churches

8 3 1

Clubhouses

0 3 0

Coc6tail Lounges

0 3 0

Co"#uter &oo"s

1 3 0

Court Houses

 3 10

;ental Centers

8 3 1

;e#art"ent Stores

- 3 10

;ining Halls

1 31

;ining roo"s hotels



;ress Sho#s

- 3 10

;rug Sho#s

- 3 10


3-

%actor4 buildings' ordinar4

3

%actor4 buildings' fu"es and "oisture

10 3 1

%ire Stations

 3 10

%oundries

1 3 0

>al!aniFing #lants

0 3 0

>arages re#air

0 3 0

Ho"es' night cooling

10 3 18

Aewelr4 sho#s

- 3 10

itchens

1 3 -0

Laundries

10 3 1

Libraries' #ublic



Lunch &oo"s

1 31

Luncheonettes

1 31

Dightclubs

0 3 0

alls

- 3 10

edical Centers

8 3 1

edical Clinics

8 3 1

edical 5ffices

8 3 1

ills' #a#er

1 3 0

ills' tetile general buildings



ills' tetile d4ehouses

1 3 0

unici#al Buildings

 3 10

useu"s

1 31

5ffices' #ublic



5ffices' #ri!ate



7olice Stations

 3 10

7ost 5ffices

 3 10

7recision anufacturing

1 3 0

7u"# roo"s



&estaurants

8 3 1

&etail

- 3 10

School Classroo"s

 3 1

Shoe Sho#s

- 3 10

Sho##ing Centers

- 3 10

Sho#s "achine



Sho#s' woodwor6ing



Substation' electric

 3 10

Su#er"ar6ets

 3 10

own Halls

 3 10

a!erns

0 3 0

heaters

8 3 1

urbine roo"s' electric

 3 10

2arehouses



2aiting roo"s' #ublic



Design of (entilation

roo" 1

roo" 

roo"

&oo" 1 length width height ,olu"e air change rate %lowrate of *ir  to be handled

= = ! = =

   -0.00 1.00

=

,elocit4 thgh >rille  *rea of >rille o#en onl4 0G SiFe of >rille

= = = = 0.  0. = 0  0

0 0.0 .0 0.0+ 0.1

,elocit4 inside duct  *rea of ;uct SiFe of ;uct(13)

= = = 00  0

Length %riction Loss %riction loss in duct (13)

= = =

%riction loss in ;uct Co"#onent = ) *= da"#er = &oo"  length = width = height ! ,olu"e = air change rate = %lowrate of *ir  to be handled = ,elocit4 thgh >rille  *rea of >rille o#en onl4 0G

= = =

" " " ": (fro" table 1) ":/hr  ":/sec "/sec "9 "9 " ""

(fro" table )

.00 "/sec 0.0 "9 ""

(fro" table ) (fro" %ig 1)

0.00 " 0.0 7a/" 8.00 7a33333333333333333

<(1)

0.1 7a33333333333333333 .00 7a33333333333333333

<() <()

  +0.00 1.00 1080 0.0 .0 0.1 0.-

(fro" %ig )

(where I=1.) 6g/":

" " " ": (fro" table 1) ":/hr  ":/sec "/sec "9 "9

(fro" table )

,elocit4 inside duct  *rea of ;uct SiFe of ;uct(3) Length %riction Loss %riction loss in duct (3)

= = = 00  0

.00 "/sec 0.10 "9 ""

= = =

%riction loss in ;uct Co"#onent = ) *= ;a"#er

(fro" table ) (fro" %ig 1)

0.00 " 0.0 7a/" -.00 7a33333333333333333

<()

0.1 7a33333333333333333 .00 7a33333333333333333

<() <(-)

(fro" %ig )

(where I=1.) 6g/":

&oo"  length width height ,olu"e air change rate %lowrate of *ir  to be handled

= = ! = =

8   10.00 1.00

=

,elocit4 thgh >rille  *rea of >rille o#en onl4 0G SiFe of >rille

= = = = 0.-  0.= -00 J -00

10 0.0 .0 0.1 0.

,elocit4 inside duct  *rea of ;uct SiFe of ;uct(3)

= = = -00  0

Length %riction Loss %riction loss in duct (3)

= = =

%riction loss in ;uct Co"#onent = ) *= ;a"#er flowrate in duct(13) ,elocit4 inside duct SiFe of ;uct(13)

= = = -00  00

Length %riction Loss %riction loss in duct (13)

= = =

flowrate in duct(031) ,elocit4 inside duct SiFe of ;uct(13) ,elocit4 thgh Lou!re  *rea of Lou!re o#en onl4 0G

= = = 800  00 = = =

" " " ": (fro" table 1) ":/hr  ":/sec "/sec "9 "9 " ""

(fro" table )

.00 "/sec 0.1 "9 ""

(fro" table ) (fro" %ig 1)

0.00 " 0. 7a/" .00 7a33333333333333333

<()

1.1 7a33333333333333333 .00 7a33333333333333333

<(8) <(+)

(fro" %ig )

0.0 ":/sec .00 "/sec "" 0.00 " 0.0 7a/" 1.00 7a33333333333333333 0.+0 ":/sec -.00 "/sec "" .0 "/sec 0.+ "9 0.8 "9

(where I=1.) 6g/":

(fro" table ) (fro" %ig 1)

(fro" %ig ) <(10)

(fro" table ) (fro" %ig 1)

Length = %riction Loss = %riction loss in duct (031) = Lou!er herefore otal %riction Loss in longest ;ucting S4ste" = = otal %an ca#acit4 =

0.00 0.80 1-.00 10.00

$/4%

=

table 13 reco""ended !elocit4 in duct Loation (eloit50"s Co"#uter &oo"s

1 3 0

Court Houses

 3 10

;ental Centers

8 3 1

;e#art"ent Stores

- 3 10

;ining Halls

1 31

;ining roo"s hotels



;ress Sho#s

- 3 10

;rug Sho#s

- 3 10


3-

%actor4 buildings' ordinar4 ' and "oisture

3 10 3 1

%ire Stations

 3 10

%oundries

1 3 0

>al!aniFing #lants

0 3 0

>arages re#air

0 3 0

>arages storage

3-

Ho"es' night cooling

10 3 18

Aewelr4 sho#s

- 3 10

itchens

1 3 -0

Laundries

10 3 1

Libraries' #ublic



Lunch &oo"s

1 31

Luncheonettes

1 31

Dightclubs

0 3 0

alls

- 3 10

edical Centers

8 3 1

edical Clinics

8 3 1

edical 5ffices

8 3 1

ills' #a#er

1 3 0

buildings



ills' tetile d4ehouses

1 3 0

unici#al Buildings

 3 10

useu"s

1 31

5ffices' #ublic



5ffices' #ri!ate



7olice Stations

 3 10

" 7a/" 7a33333333333333333 7a33333333333333333

(fro" %ig ) <(11) <(1)

+1.1 7a #1.1 D/"9 %.#% ":/sec

0"hr 2

#/

3a

&estaurants

8 3 1

&etail

- 3 10

School Classroo"s

 3 1

Shoe Sho#s

- 3 10

Sho##ing Centers

- 3 10

Sho#s' "achine



Sho#s' #aint

1 3 0

Sho#s' woodwor6ing



Substation' electric

 3 10

Su#er"ar6ets

 3 10

own Halls

 3 10

a!erns

0 3 0

heaters

8 3 1

urbine roo"s' electric

 3 10

2arehouses



2aiting roo"s' #ublic



table 3,elocit4 4#e of ;uct

Co"fort S4ste"s

@ndustrial S4ste"s

High S#eed S4ste"s

ain ducts

 3  "/s

8 3 1 "/s

10 3 18 "/s

ain branch ducts

 3  "/s

 3 8 "/s

- 3 1 "/s

Branch ducts

1 3  "/s

 3  "/s

 3 8 "/s

able 3,elocit4 ,elocit4 3 v  7ublic buildings

@ndustrial #lant

Ser!ice

"/s

ft/"in

"/s

ft/"in

 *ir inta6e fro" outside

. 3 .

00 3 +00

.03-.0

1000 3 100

Heater connection to fan

. 3 .

00 3 +00

.03.0

1000 3 100

ain su##l4 ducts

.0 3 .0

1000 3 100

-.031.0

100 3 00

Branch su##l4 ducts

1.0 3 .0

00 3 -00

. 3 +

+00 3 1800

Su##l4 registers and grilles

1. 3 .

0 3 0

1. 3 .

0 3 00

Low le!el su##l4 registers

0.8 3 1.

10 3 0

ain etract ducts

. 3 8.0

+00 3 100

-.031.0

100 3 00

Branch etract ducts

. 3 .0

00 3 -00

. 3 +

+00 3 1800

%igure 13&ectangular ;uct with ,elocit4

%igure 3 %riction loss

table 3 inor loss in ;uct Co"#onent Co0onent or 9itting

:inor Loss Coeffiient

&oo" 1

&oo" 

&oo" 

ξ  +0o bend' shar#

1.

+0o bend' with !anes

0.

+0o bend' rounded' radius/dia"eter duct E1

0.

+0o bend' rounded' radius/dia"eter duct ?1

0.

o bend' shar#

0.

0.

' flow to branch(a##lied to !elocit4 in branch)

0.

<it to roo"

1


0.

&eduction' ta#ered

0


(1 3 ! / !1)


0.1 (1 3 !  / !1)


(1 3 ! / !1)

>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface



>rilles' 0.- ratio free area to total surface



>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface

-

>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface

10

>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface

0

>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface

0

0. 1

0. 1

1

-

-

-

.

.

.

(entilation S5ste0s ;
roo"1

2ith Circular ;uct Section

;uct Length (")

 *ir flowrate ("/s)

031 13 13 3 3

0 0 0 0 0

0.+ 0. 0. 0. 0.

4#e of ;uct

;uct %riction Loss ,elocit4 ("/s) ;ia"eter (") (7a/") 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

%rictionloss (7a)

..8 .. .

0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

8 8 

Co"fort S4ste

@ndustrial S4ste"s

High S#eed S4ste"s

ain ducts

 3  "/s

8 3 1 "/s

10 3 18 "/s

ain branch ducts

 3  "/s

 3 8 "/s

- 3 1 "/s

Branch ducts

1 3  "/s

 3  "/s

 3 8 "/s

Co0onent or 9itting

:inor Loss Coeffiient

&oo" 1

&oo" 

ξ  +0o bend' shar#

1.

+0o bend' with !anes

0.

+0  bend' rounded' radius/dia"eter duct E1

0.

o o

+0  bend' rounded' radius/dia"eter duct ?1 o

0.

  bend' shar#

0.

o

  bend' rounded' radius/dia"eter duct E1

0.

o

  bend' rounded' radius/dia"eter duct ?1

0.0

' flow to branch(a##lied to !elocit4 in branch)

0.

<it to roo"

1


0.

ta#ered
0 (1 3 !  / !1)


0.1 (1 3 !  / !1)

>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface



>rilles' 0.- ratio free area to total surface



>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface

-

>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface

10

>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface

0

>rilles' 0. ratio free area to total surface

0

0. 1

0. 1

-

-

.

.

(1 3 !  / !1)

Circu

;uct side 3 a ""

100

10

00

0

00

00

100

10+

1

1

1-8

18

0

10

1

1-

18+

10

+

-1

00

1

18+

1+



--

0

0

1-8

10

-



++



00

18

+

--

++

8

8

00

0

-0

0



8



00



8



81

0

88

10

-

1



1

1

0

0

-0+

1



-

-0

1

-00 800 1000 100 100 1-00 1800 000

81

roo" 

inor Loss Coefficients (K) . . .

inor Loss (7a) 0.0 +. 0.0.8 .

roo" 

7ressure Loss ;a"#er (7a) .0 .0 10.0

otal 7ressure Loss (7a) 8.0 . -.1.8 .

7ressure 7ressure 7ressure Loss 7ath 03 Loss 7ath 03 Loss 7ath 03 13 (7a) 133 (7a) 133 (7a) 8.0 8.0 8.0 . -.-.1.8 . 0. -. .

&oo" 

0.

1

-

.

lar eui!alent dia"eter 3

d e ("")

;uct side 3 b ("") 00

-00

800

1000

100

100

1-00

 8

10



-

81

1

0

0



0



88

1

-0+

-

1



+8

-8

-

8

88-

+8

--



80

+1

+80

101

-8



8

+-

10--

11-

11+

-

80

+-

10+

11+-

18+

1

8

+1

10--

11+-

11

11-

111

88-

+80

11-

18+

11-

10

1-

++

101

11+

1

111

1-

1+

10+-

18-

11

1+8

1

18

1

1-80

18

1+