INTRODUCTION All Buildings have some form of mechanical mechanical and electrical services in order to provide the facilities f acilities necessary for maintaining a comfortable working environment. These services have to be controlled by some means to ensure comfort conditions. Basic controls take the form of manual switching, time clocks or temperature switches. Here if Building Management System (BMS), is introduced, we are able to get a comfortable working environment in an efficient way. way.
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What is BMS ?
central controlling facility automate and take control of various operations manage all the systems coordinate the various systems provide a comfortable working environment in an efficient way. way. Its purpose is to control, monitor and optimize building services e.g., lighting; heating & cooling; security ; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation and climate control; time & attendance control and reporting
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Building Management System Panel (BMS )
BMS AND ENERGY SAVINGS
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With the usage of various building automation techniques the energy efficiency is possible
With the help of occupancy sensors provided in various areas of the building, the service plants can be brought into operation only when needed and also to the optimum, thereby leading to huge energy savings
BMS AND BENEFITS •
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General BMS improves quality of built environment, efficiency of workstations, while allowing great savings in energy consumption Security and Life safety systems With the introduction of the various security and life safety systems like Smart Access control, Smoke detector, Fire alarm and Fire sprinkler, the environment can be made much easy and fear free to work with Mechanical systems *Provide an acceptable level of temperature and humidity and safe guard against odours and indoor air pollutants. *Create a sense of habitability through air movement, ventilation and slight temperature variation. *Allow the occupant to control and modify conditions to suit individual preferences.
INTELLIGENT SAFETY SYSTEMS Life safety factors involved in Intelligent Buildings are: Closed-circuit television Card access control Smoke detection Emergency control of elevator, doors ,HVAC system
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UPS
‘Data access’ security
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CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISIONS AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific, limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point wireless links. CCTV is often used for surveillance in areas, which need security, such as banks, casinos, airports etc…. Modern CCTV cameras use small high definition color cameras that can not only focus to resolve minute detail, but by linking the control of the cameras to a computer, objects can be tracked automatically ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM Controlling access to any premise is of vital importance at present, whether it is a high security area such as a Hospital, Airport, Bank, or any common building such as an Insurance Office, School, or
There are:Portrait ID System,Swipe Card Access Control Systems, Biometric Access Control Systems SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM
Smoke is often the first sign that the fire is occurring, therefore an automatic detection system based on smoke detectors is a valuable tool in the early dection of fire. Smoke detectors are commonly classified by their mode of operation. Ionization Smoke Detector :
Ionization smoke detector uses a a radioaCTive material to convert the air contained.
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with in an ionization chamber into positive and negative charges Photoelectric Smoke Detectors: Photoelectric smoke detectors use light to detect visible smoke particles produced by burning material
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Fig2: Smoke sensor
FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM:
General:
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Fire sprinklers are very useful in extinguishing the fire before it spreads out. More than extinguishing it’s very important to control it. Especially in libraries, office buildings, hotels etc, its service is invaluable. Fire sprinklers can be automatic or open orifice type. Automatic fire sprinkler: Automatic fire sprinklers operate at a predetermined temperature, utilizing a fusible link, a portion of which melts, or a frangible glass bulb containing liquid which breaks, allowing the plug in.
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the orifice to be pushed out of the orifice by the water pressure in the fire sprinkler piping, resulting in water flow from the orifice
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Automatic fire sprinkler
INTELLIGENT COMFORT SYSTEMS It is difficult to get an optimum working environment only through design for the whole year. Mechanical fans, desert coolers, airconditioners etc. supplement the indoor comfort to a great extent. But all these are operated and controlled manually in general. At the same time some artificial intelligent systems like Occupancy Sensors, Temperature Sensors etc. can be used to sense the temperature increase and the presence of occupants to decide comfort level required to achieve the optimum conditions.
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PASSIVE INFRARED OCCUPANCY SENSORS (PIR):
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Passive Infrared Occupancy Sensor turns lights on and off based on the occupancy.
When the PIR sensor detects a change in the infrared heat radiated within the controlled area, lighting systems are switched ON. When occupants leave the area, lighting is switched OFF after the user adjustable time delay elapses.
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Passive Infrared Occupancy Sensor
BMS AND ILLUMINATION SYSTEM Lighting up the building is an art. With out proper illuminaton the entire space will look dull, creating an uncomfortable working space. Any how we cannot depend on artificial lights alone. It will add up the running costs. Hence some methods to bring natural light inside the habitable space shall be sort out.
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LIGHTING CONTROL With the help of a light dimming device its possible to control the intensity of lights especially when its requirement becomes less. . This can be made possible by suitably integrating the lighting systems with the BMS through sensors by which it is also possible to turn off the lights automatically when its not needed. Hence there is the economy in using the building.
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Different control systems exist, again time-based control and optimizer parameter-based where a level of illuminance or particular use of lighting is required. Zones: lights are switched on corresponding to the use and layout of the lit areas, in order to avoid lighting a large area if only a small part of it needs light. Time control: to switch on and off automatically in each zone to a preset schedule for light use. Passive Infra-Red (PIR) Occupancy sensing: In areas which are occupied intermittently, occupancy sensors can be used to indicate whether anybody is present or not, and switch the light on or off accordingly. Light level monitoring: this consists of switching or dimming artificial lighting to maintain task-specific light level measured by a ‘photocell’.
CONCLUSION In this 21st century with the advent of the various artificial intelligent systems the work places became very cozy to work with. It has changed the entire working environment leading to the increased out put and also reducing the running cost to a certain extent. As it gives optimum thermal & lighting efficiency it will cut down the electricity bills. But any how today the cost of such equipments to make a building artificially intelligent is a costly means. With the increase in demand of such systems the cost of these will become affordable as more and more builders will be using such systems in future.
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REFERENCES: Book references: 1. Mervi Himanen, VTT Building and Transport 2003 ,”The Intelligence of Intelligent building”, Thesis. VTT Technical research center, Finland, ESPOO 2003 2. Robert A. Lopez-Anido and Tarun R. Naik, American Society of Civil Engineers, page1, Smart Materials, “Emerging Materials for Civil Infrastructure”, ASCE, Virginia.
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Thank you… . T H A N K Y O U
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