BRITISH STANDARD
Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders
The European Standard EN 474-4:1996 has the status of a British Standard
ICS 53.100
BS EN 474-4:1996
BS EN 474-4:1996
Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/513, Construction equipment and plant, and site safety, to Subcommittee B/513/1, Earth-moving machinery, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Coal Corporation Construction Plant (Hire Association) Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Silsoe Research Institute
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July 1996
Amendments issued since publication
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The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/513/1 Draft for comment 93/102262 DC ISBN 0 580 25883 1
Date
Comments
BS EN 474-4:1996
Contents Committees responsible National foreword Foreword Text of EN 474-4 List of references
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BS EN 474-4:1996
National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/513/1 and is the English language version of EN 474-4:1996 Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is one of a number of British Standards implementing European Standards on machinery safety matters, in the development of which the United Kingdom has played an active part. This British Standard covers the essential safety requirements in the Machinery Directive (89/392/EEC) and the Amending Directive (91/368/EEC). Cross-references Publication referred to
EN 292-1:1991 EN 292-2:1991 EN 474-1:1994 ENV 1070:1993 EN 25353:1988 EN 60204-1:1992
ISO 2330:1991
ISO 3457:1986 ISO 4250-2:1991
ISO 5006-1:1991 ISO 5998:1986
ISO 6014:1986 ISO 6016:1982 ISO 6393:1985
ISO 6682:1986
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Corresponding British Standard
BS EN 292 Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1:1991 Basic terminology, methodology Part 2:1991 Technical principles and specifications BS EN 474 Earth-moving machinery. Safety Part 1:1995 General requirements DD ENV 1070:1993 Safety of machinery. Terminology BS 5631:1978 Specification for earth moving machinery and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat index point BS EN 60204 Safety of machinery. Electrical equipment of machines Part 1:1993 Specification for general requirements BS 5639 Fork arms for fork lift trucks Part 4:1978 Specification for technical characteristics and testing BS EN ISO 3457:1995 Earth-moving machinery. Guards and shields. Definitions and specifications BS AU 50 Tyres and wheels Part 1: Tyres Section 3: Off-the-road tyres Subsection 3:2a:1991 Specification for narrow and wide base tyre loads and inflation pressures BS 6911 Testing earth moving machinery Part 5:1992 Determination of operator’s field of view BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery Part 2:1989 Specification for rated operating load for crawler and wheel loaders BS 5982:1987 Method for determination of ground speed of earth-moving machinery BS 6300:1982 Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components of earth-moving machinery BS 6812 Airborne noise emitted by earth-moving machinery Part 1:1987 Method of measurement of exterior noise in a stationary test condition BS EN ISO 6682:1995 Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls
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BS EN 474-4:1996
ISO 7096:1994
ISO 7546:1983 ISO 8313:1989
ISO 8643:1988
ISO 9248:1992
ISO 10533:1993
BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery. Part 17:1995 Specification for laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration BS 6422:1983 Method for volumetric rating of loader and front loading excavator buckets used for earth-moving BS 6911 Testing earth-moving machinery Part 2:1990 Measurement of tool forces and tipping loads of loaders BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery Part 1:1988 Specification for hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom lowering control device BS 6911 Testing earth-moving machinery Part 7:1992 Testing of earth-moving machinery. Specification for units of measurement and tolerances BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery Part 11:1993 Requirements for lift arm support devices
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
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Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. © BSI 02-1999
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 474-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE February 1996
EUROPÄISCHE NORM ICS 53.100
Descriptors: Earth-moving equipment, loaders, hydraulic excavators, safety of machine, accident prevention, safety requirements, specifications
English version
Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders
Engins de terrassement — Sécurité — Partie 4: Exigences applicables aux chargeuses-pelleteuses
Erdbaumaschinen — Sicherheit — Teil 4: Anforderungen für Baggerlader
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This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-11-12. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN and its members Ref. No. EN 474-4:1996 E
EN 474-4:1996
Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 151, Construction equipment and building material machines — Safety, of which the secretariat is held by DIN. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). Annex A is normative and contains “Test method for rated operating load”, Annex B is normative and contains “List of additional hazards” and Annex C is informative and contains “Illustrations”. EN 474 Earth-moving machinery — Safety comprises the following parts: — Part 1: General requirements; — Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers; — Part 3: Requirements for loaders; — Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders; — Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators; — Part 6: Requirements for dumpers; — Part 7: Requirements for tractor-scrapers; — Part 8: Requirements for graders; — Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers; — Part 10: Requirements for trenchers; — Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill compactors; — Part 12: Requirements for rope excavators. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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Contents Foreword 0 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 4 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.3 4.3.1
Introduction Scope Normative references Definitions Common definitions Additional definitions Backhoe loader Attachment bracket Attachment Safety requirements Access Operator’s station Heating and ventilation Rear visibility Operator’s protection Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) on derivated machinery Fenders Operator’s seat vibration Lift arm support device Operator’s controls Remote control Control box General requirements Emergency stop Controls Selecting switch Warning devices Travelling Instructions Lighting, signalling and marking lights and reflex-reflector devices Warning and signalling device Tyres and rims Stability in different applications Loader portion Bucket application Fork application Stability factors Hydraulic capacity Rated operating load Fork size
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4.3.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.1.1 4.6.1.1.1 4.6.1.1.2 4.6.1.1.3 4.6.1.2 4.6.1.3 4.6.1.4 4.6.1.5 4.7
4.8 4.9 4.10 4.10.1 4.10.1.1 4.10.1.2 4.10.1.2.1 4.10.1.2.2 4.10.1.2.3 4.10.1.2.4
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4.10.1.3 4.10.1.3.1 4.10.1.3.2 4.10.1.3.3 4.10.1.3.4 4.10.1.4 4.10.1.4.1 4.10.1.4.2 4.10.1.4.3 4.10.1.5 4.10.2 4.10.2.1 4.10.2.2 4.10.2.2.1 4.10.2.2.2 4.10.2.2.3 4.10.2.3 4.10.3 4.11 4.12 4.12.1 4.12.2 4.12.3 4.13 4.13.1 4.13.2 5
Object handling application Stability factor Hydraulic capacity Rated operating load Load hooking device Log handling application Stability factor Hydraulic capacity Rated operating load Other applications Backhoe portion Bucket application Object handling application Rated object handling capacity Load hooking device Load safety devices Other applications Load capacity information Airborne noise Attachment bracket Locking Identification Instructions Attachment Identification Instructions Warning signs and hazard pictorials 6 Instruction handbook Annex A (normative) Test method for rated object handling capacity Annex B (normative) List of additional hazards Annex C (informative) Illustrations Figure 1 — Location of measuring points Figure 2 — Load centre distance Figure C.1 — Wheel backhoe loader Figure C.2 — Crawler backhoe loader Figure C.3 — Backhoe loader with pole erecting attachment Figure C.4 — Backhoe loader with earth drill
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Page Table 1 — Rated load capacity as % of tipping load Table 2 — Load centre distance Table 3 — Rated load capacity as % of tipping load Table 4 — Achievable noise emission values Table 5 — Attachment bracket identification Table 6 — Attachment identification
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EN 474-4:1996
0 Introduction This European Standard is a Type C-standard in the structure of A-/B-/C-standards as defined in EN 292-1:1991. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard.
1 Scope This standard specifies additional requirements to and/or exceptions from EN 474-1:1994 Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements. This standard applies to wheel and crawler backhoe loaders defined in ISO/DIS 6165:1994, and gives additional requirements for attachments and for derivated machinery. This standard applies for crawler backhoe loaders as defined in 3.2.1 and Figure C.2. This standard deals with the significant hazards pertinent to backhoe loaders when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Annex B of this standard and Annex C of EN 474-1:1994).
2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 474-1:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements. ENV 1070:1993, Safety of machinery — Terminology. EN 25353:1988, Earth-moving machinery and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat index point. EN 60204-1:1992, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements.
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ISO 2330:1991, Fork lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing. ISO 3457:1986, Earth-moving machinery — Guards and shields — Definitions and specifications. ISO 4250-2:1991, Narrow and wide base off-road tyres and rims — Part 2: Loads and inflation pressure. ISO/DIS 4250-3:1993, Earth-mover tyres and rims — Part 3: Rims. ISO 5006-1:1991, Earth-moving machinery Operator’s field of view — Part 1: Test method. ISO 5998:1986, Earth-moving machinery — Rated operating load for crawler and wheel loaders. ISO 6014:1986, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed. ISO 6016:1982, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components. ISO/DIS 6165:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Vocabulary. ISO 6393:1985, Acoustics — Measurement of airborne noise emitted by earth-moving machinery — Method for determining compliance with limits for exterior noise — Stationary test condition. ISO 6682:1986, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls. ISO 7096:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration. ISO/DIS 7451:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Volumetric ratings for hydraulic excavator buckets and backhoe loader buckets. ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric ratings. ISO 8313:1989, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders — Methods of measuring tool forces and tipping load. ISO 8643:1988, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavator and backhoe-loader boom lowering control device — Requirements and tests. ISO 9244:1995, Earth-moving machinery — General principles for safety signs and hazard pictorials. ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery — Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their measurement accuracies. ISO/DIS 9249:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Engine test code — Net power. ISO 10263-2:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 2: Air filter test.
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ISO 10263-4:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 4: Operator enclosure ventilation, heating and/or air-conditioning test method. ISO 10533:1993, Earth-moving machinery — Lift-arm support devices. ISO/DIS 10968:1993, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s controls. ISO 12509:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices.
3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the definitions stated in ENV 1070:1993 apply. Additional definitions specifically needed for this standard are added below: 3.1 Common definitions Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this standard are also valid for this standard. Backhoe loaders are illustrated in Annex C of this standard. 3.2 Additional definitions 3.2.1 backhoe loader self-propelled wheeled or crawler machine, having a main structural support designed to carry both a front-mounted loader linkage and a rear mounted excavator linkage NOTE When used in backhoe mode, the machine is stationary and normally digs below ground level with bucket motion toward the machine in a backhoe work cycle which contains excavating, elevating, swinging, and discharging material. When used in loader mode, normally with bucket, the machine loads through a forward motion of the machine in a loader work cycle which contains filling, elevating, transporting, and discharging material.
4 Safety requirements 4.1 Access to crawler machines EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.1 applies with the following exceptions. An access step integrated in the track frame can be retracted up to 30 mm from the outer edge of the track shoe. 4.2 Operator’s station 4.2.1 Heating and ventilation system If a heating and ventilation system according to EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.2.6, is required the following applies. The heating and ventilation system shall: — either comply with ISO 10263-4:1994; — or have the capacity of increasing the temperature of the air inside the cab and maintaining a temperature of + 18 °C at prevailing ambient temperature. The minimum capacity of the heating system shall have a %T of 25 °C measured at – 10 °C ambient temperature. Measurement of the system capacity shall be made at three points. The three points shall be located in a vertical plane through the SIP parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine as follows (see Figure 1): — at the filament position centre-point as defined in ISO 5006-1:1991; — at the SIP as defined in EN 25353:1988; — 100 mm above floor plate and 600 mm in front of the SIP.
3.2.2 attachment bracket device to facilitate quick interchange of attachments 3.2.3 attachment removable device (working tool) mounted either directly to the linkage or on an attachment bracket to fulfil the primary function of the machine or for a specific use example: Bucket, log grapple, blade, ripper Figure 1 — Location of measuring points Alternatively the heating capacity can be determined by calculation.
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The ventilation system shall be capable of providing the cab with filtered fresh air at the minium of 43 m3/h. The filter should be tested according to ISO 10263-2:1994. NOTE The filter element selection depends on the operating environment conditions.
4.2.2 Rear visibility EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.1, third paragraph, applies also for rear window(s) with the following provisions: — arrangement to defrost the rear window(s) shall be made; — the rear window(s) shall be fitted with a motorized wiper and washer. 4.3 Operator’s protection 4.3.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) on derivated machinery Backhoe loaders equipped with attachment other than bucket application shall have a ROPS (see EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.3) related to the maximum operating mass (see ISO 6016:1982), as specified by the manufacturer. When used as derivated machinery (e.g. pole erecting equipment), the maximum machine mass, which the ROPS structure meets, may be exceeded. 4.3.2 Fenders Backhoe loaders without a cab shall have fenders which comply with ISO 3457:1986. Backhoe loaders with a maximum designed speed (see ISO 6014:1986) > 30 km/h shall be equipped with fenders that protect the operator’s station from debris ejected by the tyres if the risk exists. 4.4 Operator’s seat vibration EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.3.1.3 applies with the following provisions: — the value of vibration transmitted to the operator’s seat shall comply with ISO 7096:1994 with an input vibration of class 3.
— backhoe loader fitted with outriggers shall have an audible warning device. This device shall warn the operator if he tries to raise the outriggers when the travel motion is engaged; — if the backhoe loader is provided with an alternative operator position with alternative travel controls, there shall also be controls for braking and steering, which meet the performance requirement for the primary functions. 4.6.1 Remote control EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.4.2.6 applies with the following additions. 4.6.1.1 Control box Activation of controls shall only be possible from a portable remote control box. The remote control box shall have a key switch for activating/deactivating the remote control. 4.6.1.1.1 General requirements By design the control box shall not obstruct the machine operator’s freedom of movement, and not be affected by impact and shock which could cause inadvertent machine movements. 4.6.1.1.2 Emergency stop The remote control box shall be fitted with an emergency stop that fulfils the requirements of 10.7 of EN 60204:1992, category 1. 4.6.1.1.3 Controls The control box shall have clearly marked directions of movements for the machine and its attachment and be safeguarded against unintentional actuation e.g. pushbuttons with protective collars. It shall be possible to lock the controls in the deactivated mode against unintentional or unauthorized actuation. 4.6.1.2 Selecting switch
4.5 Lift arm support device
A selecting switch shall be located at the operator’s station of the machine for selecting main or remote controlled mode.
A mechanical lift arm support device shall be provided for the loader portion, if the lift arm is to be held in an elevated position for maintenance, service or non-operational purposes. The support device shall comply with ISO 10533:1993.
4.6.1.3 Warning devices When activated a visual warning shall indicate to bystanders that the machine is remote controlled and it shall be possible to operate the audible warning device of the machine from the control box.
4.6 Operator’s controls
4.6.1.4 Travelling
EN 4741:1994, clause 4.4.2 applies with the following additions: — operator’s controls shall comply with ISO/DIS 10968:1993; — the normal engine stopping device shall be within the zone of reach (see ISO 6682:1986).
The machine travelling speed shall not exceed 10 km/h. When travelling the attachment, steering and brake systems shall be remote controlled.
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4.6.1.5 Instructions
4.10.1 Loader portion
The instruction handbook for remote controlled machines shall contain information about safe distance from which the operator can control the machine with the control box.
The rated capacities of a backhoe loader used in loader application shall be determined with the backhoe in its transport position as specified by the manufacturer.
NOTE This standard does not prescribe technical design requirements for remote control systems.
4.10.1.1 Bucket application
4.7 Lighting, signalling and marking lights and reflex-reflector devices EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.2 applies with the following additions: Lighting, signalling and marking lights and reflex-reflector devices shall comply with appropriate clauses of ISO 12509:1995. 4.8 Warning and signalling device EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.8 applies with the following addition: — the backhoe loader shall be provided with an audible warning device. The sound level shall be at least 93 dB(A) at 7 m distance from backhoe swing centre to the rear. The operator shall be able to control the warning device from the backhoe operation position. 4.9 Tyres and rims Tyre and rim manufacturers shall be consulted to determine if the tyre and rim are of sufficient strength (inflation pressure and load performance) for the intended operating conditions, see ISO 4250-2:1991. Rims shall be easy to identify (see e.g. ISO/DIS4250-3:1993, clause 2). Instructions regarding safety rules, pressure(s), method of inflation and checking shall be provided in the instruction handbook. 4.10 Stability in different applications All rated capacities as defined hereafter are based on the machine being level and on firm supporting ground. The weight of the attachments and attachment bracket if fitted should be included in the determination of the rated capacity. To provide a sufficient stability the rated operating loads in intended operating applications shall be determined as follows.
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The rated capacity of a backhoe loader used in bucket application shall be determined as follows: — tipping load shall be determined according to ISO 8313:1989; — rated operating load shall be determined according to ISO 5998:1986; — volumetric rating of the bucket shall be determined according to ISO 7546:1983. NOTE The mass, the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account when a bucket is selected for a specific application.
4.10.1.2 Fork application The rated operating load capacity for fork application shall be determined as follows. 4.10.1.2.1 Stability factors The rated operating load capacity as a percentage of tipping load shall be determined according to ISO 8313:1989 with the fork attachment in a horizontal position and shall not exceed the values given in Table 1. Table 1 — Rated load capacity as % of tipping load Ground condition
% of tipping load
Rough terrain
60
Firm and level ground
80
4.10.1.2.2 Hydraulic capacity It shall be possible to control and move the load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer and with all relevant hydraulic circuits involved. 4.10.1.2.3 Rated operating load The rated operating load capacity is either determined by the rated load capacity specified in 4.10.1.2.1, or by the hydraulic capacity in 4.10.1.2.2 whichever is less. 4.10.1.2.4 Fork size To select the fork arm size and to determine the load centre of gravity distance D, shown in Figure 2, the specifications in Table 2 shall be followed.
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4.10.1.3.4 Load hooking device The load hooking device may be either fixed or removable. This device may be located on a bucket, on an arm or be a separate device, and shall: — be so located that the risk of being damaged during normal earth moving operations is minimized; — be so designed so that the hooking device prevents unintentional unhooking; — withstand a load of twice the rated load capacity of the loader portion. This test load is to be applied in the most unfavourable position of the total hooking system. No permanent deformation of the load hooking system is accepted. 4.10.1.4 Log handling application The rated operating load capacity for log handling shall be determined as follows. 4.10.1.4.1 Stability factors Figure 2 — Load centre distance Table 2 — Load centre distance Force F
Distance
N
mm
F # 10 000
400
10 000 < F # 50 000
500
50 000 < F # 100 000
600
Forks shall meet the requirements stated in ISO 2330:1991. 4.10.1.3 Object handling application The rated operating load capacity for handling a suspended load shall be determined as follows. 4.10.1.3.1 Stability factor The rated load in object handling shall not exceed 50 % of the tipping load determined according to ISO 8313:1989, to be measured at the load hooking system and at the maximum reach specified by the manufacturer. 4.10.1.3.2 Hydraulic capacity It shall be possible to control and move the load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer and with all relevant hydraulic circuits involved. 4.10.1.3.3 Rated operating load
The rated load capacity as percentage of tipping load determined according to ISO 8313:1989 but with a log handling attachment, shall not exceed the values given in Table 3. Table 3 — Rated load capacity as % of tipping load Ground condition
% of tipping load Wheel backhoe loader
Rough terrain
Crawler backhoe loader
75
50
Firm and level ground 85
60
4.10.1.4.2 Hydraulic capacity It shall be possible to control and move the load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer and with all relevant hydraulic circuits involved. 4.10.1.4.3 Rated operating load The rated operating load capacity is either determined by the rated load capacity specified in 4.10.1.4.1 or the hydraulic capacity in 4.10.1.4.2 whichever is less. 4.10.1.5 Other applications The rated load capacity of derivated machinery shall be determined by the manufacturer according to the load capacity specification given in 4.10.1.1 to 4.10.1.4 whichever suits best the special application.
The rated operating load capacity is either determined by the rated load capacity specified in 4.10.1.3.1 or by the hydraulic capacity specified in 4.10.1.3.2, whichever is less.
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4.10.2 Backhoe portion EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.9 applies with the following exception. If the loader bucket is intended to increase the stability, the loader portion does not require a locking device. The rated capacities of a backhoe loader used in backhoe application shall be determined with the loader bucket and the outriggers placed on the ground [see A.4.2 d)]. 4.10.2.1 Bucket application The capacity for a backhoe loader used in backhoe application with a bucket shall be determined as the smallest of the following values: a) tipping load according to A.1.3; b) hydraulic lift capacity according to A.1.4. The volumetric rating of the bucket shall be determined according to ISO/DIS 7451:1994. NOTE The mass, the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account when a bucket is selected for a specific application.
4.10.2.2 Object handling application The capacity of backhoe loader used for object handling application shall be determined as follows. 4.10.2.2.1 Rated object handling capacity The rated object handling capacity of the backhoe portion is defined in A.6. 4.10.2.2.2 Load hooking device The load hooking device may be either fixed or removable. This device may be located on a bucket, on any other part of the machine or be a separate device and shall: — be so located and designed that the risk of being damaged during normal earth-moving operations is minimized; — be designed so that the hooking device prevents unintentional unhooking; — withstand a load equal to twice the rated lift capacity of the backhoe portion. This test load shall be applied in the most unfavourable position of the total hooking system. No permanent deformation of the load hooking system is accepted. 4.10.2.2.3 Load safety devices The backhoe portion used in object handling operations, with a maximum rated object handling capacity > 1 000 kg or an overturning moment > 40 000 N·m shall be equipped with:
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— an acoustic or visual warning device which indicates to the operator when the rated object handling capacity/corresponding load moment is reached and continues as long as the load or load moment is exceeded. The rated object handling capacity is defined in 4.10.2.2.1; — a boom lowering control device on the raising boom cylinder(s) which meets the requirements of ISO 8643:1988. These devices may be deactivated while the backhoe equipment is performing operations other than object handling. The activation shall be clearly indicated. The control(s) of deactivation shall be within the operator’s zone of comfort according to ISO 6682:1986. 4.10.2.3 Other applications 4.10.1.5 applies. 4.10.3 Load capacity information The manufacturer shall provide information on the rated load capacity at corresponding reach in the applications as described in 4.10.1 and 4.10.2. This information shall be provided to the user. 4.11 Airborne noise EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.10.1 applies with the following addition. The sound power level of airborne noise shall be measured according to ISO 6393:1985. The targets for achievable sound power level are shown in Table 4. Table 4 — Achievable noise emission values Engine power P according to ISO/DIS 9249:1995
Achievable sound power level
kW
dB(A)/ lpW
P # 70 70 < P # 160
106 108
NOTE Achievable sound power levels do not constitute limit values of exposure for persons, but are the emission values from a machine under defined test conditions. They are not a barrier to innovation and they should not prevent the achievement of lower levels.
4.12 Attachment bracket 4.12.1 Locking The attachment bracket locking system shall meet the following requirements: — it shall keep the attachment in the locked position by a positive engagement system and retain it under all operating conditions; — it shall be possible to verify the locked position of the attachment bracket and the attachment from the operator’s position, or from the location where the locking control is operated;
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EN 474-4:1996
— the control for locking and unlocking the system of the attachment bracket shall be secured against unintended release; — it shall not be possible to release the attachment accidentally by malfunction or loss of engagement forces. 4.12.2 Identification The attachment bracket shall be permanently marked according to Table 5. 4.12.3 Instructions Instructions concerning mounting, locking, checking procedure and the influence on the rated operating load shall be provided by the attachment bracket manufacturer. The checking procedure for locking shall be described in detail. 4.13 Attachment The machine manufacturer shall define the range of attachments intended to be used with the machine and establish the criteria for the safe fitting and subsequent use of the attachments. 4.13.1 Identification The attachment shall be permanently marked according to Table 6. 4.13.2 Instructions Instructions concerning mounting and use shall be provided by the attachment manufacturer.
5 Warning signs and hazard pictorials Warning signs and hazard pictorials should follow the general principles of ISO 9244:1995. They shall be made of durable materials.
6 Instruction handbook EN 474-1:1994, clause 5 applies with the following additions. The instruction handbook shall contain the following information. — The need for a well-trained and competent operator. — The safety rules to be observed, in particular the stability of the machine, its attachments and safe operation. — All rated capacities are based on the criteria of the machine being level and on firm supporting ground. When operated the machine is in conditions that deviate from these criteria (e.g. on soft or uneven ground, on a slope or when subject to side loads), these conditions shall be taken into account by the operator. — Indication that the machine user shall determine if special hazards exist in his application such as toxic gases, ground (underfoot) conditions etc. that require special precautions and that he shall take measures to eliminate or reduce the hazards. — A description of the backhoe loader configuration required for object handling. — The need for personal protective equipment. — The range of temperature in which the machine is intended to be operated and stored. — Provisions for limiting proximity hazards. NOTE More detailed instructions for use will be included in a future revision of this standard.
Table 5 — Attachment bracket identification Required information
Attachment bracket manufacturer Same as machine manufacturer
Other than machine manufacturer
Attachment bracket manufacturer’s name or logotype
Required
Required
Type denomination (e.g. part number)
Required
Required
Mass (kg) Working circuit pressure (Pa); (if relevant) Load capacity (N) a
Not
requireda
Required
Not
requireda
Required
a
Required
Not required
See manufacturer’s machine documentation.
© BSI 02-1999
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EN 474-4:1996
Table 6 — Attachment identification Required information
Attachment manufacturer Same as machine manufacturer
Attachment manufacturer’s name or logotype
Required
Type denomination (e.g. part number)
Required
Mass (kg)
Not required
Working circuit pressure (Pa); (if relevant) 2
3
Capacity of the attachment (e.g. m , m ) (if relevant) a
Not
Other than machine manufacture
Required Required a
Required
requireda
Required
Not required
a
Required
See manufacturer’s machine documentation.
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© BSI 02-1999
EN 474-4:1996
Annex A (normative) Test method for rated object handling capacity This annex specifies a test method for determining the rated object handling capacity for the backhoe portion of the backhoe loader. A.1 Definitions A.1.1 anchorage point vertical point below bucket hinge pin where the load force is applied or transposed A.1.2 hydraulic hold circuit load pressure applied by the vertical load acting on the bucket hinge pin which actuates any hydraulic circuit relief valve A.1.3 tipping load static load at the balance point. A.1.4 hydraulic lift capacity maximum load that can be lifted at the bucket hinge pin with any hydraulic circuit activated, limited by the working circuit hydraulic pressure A.1.5 lift point radius maximum horizontal distance between the bucket hinge pin and the swing pivot centre A.1.6 balance point point at which the moment acting to overturn the machine with a specific load and lift point radius is equal to the moment of the machine available to resist overturning A.1.7 overturning moment the moment when the balance point is reached A.2 Apparatus The apparatus shall comprise the following and with tolerances as specified in ISO 9248:1992: — load cell or force transducer appropriate to the magnitude of the load to be measured; — wire ropes and shackles, pulley, safety chains and adjustable anchor point (e.g. slide rail); — pressure gauge; — apparatus for measuring linear dimensions. A.3 Test site The test site shall consist of a substantially level, hard surface, preferably concrete, with anchor point and sufficient space for the load cell.
© BSI 02-1999
A.4 Preparation for test A.4.1 General The machine shall be clean, and equipped according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The machine shall be equipped with appropriate counterweights and with attachment bracket if applicable (but no attachment). The machine shall have the tyre inflation and tyre ballast as specified by the manufacturer. The fuel tank shall be filled to 50 % capacity. Prior to testing, the engine and hydraulic system shall be at the normal working temperature, and the hydraulic system pressure(s) shall then be checked for compliance with the manufacturer’s recommended hydraulic pressure setting(s). A.4.2 Position Machine shall be positioned on the test site as follows: a) in the least stable position (e.g. fully side-shifted and/or fully articulated); b) the oscillation of the articulated steering joint (if any) shall be locked; c) if the arm can be articulated horizontally, it shall be in the straight position; d) stabilization devices shall be engaged according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Outriggers and loader bucket shall be in a position so that the wheels just clear off ground. A.5 Object handling capacity test A.5.1 Load cell A load cell shall be installed between the excavator bucket hinge pin and anchorage points, vertically below the hinge pin. A.5.2 Position of boom/arm The boom/arm shall be so positioned that the line between boom hinge pin and bucket hinge pin is horizontal when the force is applied. A.5.3 Test procedure A.5.3.1 Step one The test force shall be progressively applied until either: a) the tipping load is reached or; b) the hydraulic holding circuit pressure load is reached. A.5.3.2 Step two The test force shall be released and the boom hydraulic lift circuit shall be progressively applied until the hydraulic lift capacity as defined in A.1.4 is reached.
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EN 474-4:1996
A.5.4 Verification The following shall be measured and recorded: a) the lift point radius; b) the tipping load; c) the hydraulic holding circuit pressure load; d) the hydraulic lift capacity. A.6 Rated object handling capacity Rated object handling capacity is the smallest of: — 75 % of maximum tipping load according to A.5.3.1 a); — 80 % of hydraulic holding circuit load according to A.5.3.1 b); — 100 % of hydraulic lift capacity according to A.5.3.2.
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A.7 Rated operating load with attachment The rated operating load shall be determined with the backhoe in the centre position at maximum lift point radius minus the mass of the attachment. Backhoe loaders with side shift shall be measured both with the backhoe in the centre position and fully side shifted. The rated object handling capacity table shall be calculated from the rated object handling capacity on different lift point radii minus the mass of the attachment. There shall be at least five different lift point radii. Minimum and maximum lift point radius shall always be included.
© BSI 02-1999
EN 474-4:1996
Annex B (normative) List of additional hazards — Backhoe loaders The list of hazards in Annex C of EN 474-1:1994 applies with the following additions: Additional hazards
Relevant clauses EN 292-2:1991 Annex A
EN 474-4
20 Hazards due to mobility and lifting 20.1 Travelling functions
20.2 Operating functions
3.2.1
4.3.2
3.2.3
4.6.1.1.2
3.3.3
4.6.1.2
3.3.1
4.6.1.1
3.3.2
4.6.1.1.5 4.10.1 4.10.2
20.3 Powering functions
3.3.5
4.10.1.2.2 4.10.1.3.2 4.10.1.4.2
20.4 Operator’s position
3.2.1
4.2
3.5.3
4.4
20.4.1 ROPS
3.4.3
4.3.1
20.5 Remote control
3.3.3
4.6.1
20.6 Accidental movement
3.4.1
4.3.2
4.1.2.6 20.7 Access
3.2.1
4.1
3.4.5 21 Hazards generated by inadequate lighting 21.1 Travelling area
3.1.2
4.7
21.2 Working area
3.1.2
4.7
22 Hazards caused by attachment and/or equipment
4.12.1
22.1 Loader portion
4.5 4.10.1
22.1.1 Bucket application
3.3.1
4.10.1.1
22.1.2 Fork application
4.10.1.2
22.1.3 Log handling application
4.10.1.4
22.1.4 Other applications
4.10.1.5
22.2 Backhoe portion
4.10.2 4.10.2.2
22.2.1 Bucket application
3.3.1
4.10.2.1 4.10.2.2.1
22.2.2 Other applications
4.10.2.3
22.3 Energy supply
4.10.1.2.2 4.10.1.3.2 4.10.1.4.2
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EN 474-4:1996
Additional hazards
Relevant clauses EN 292-2:1991 Annex A
23 Hazards caused by attachment bracket
EN 474-4
4.12.1 4.12.2
24 Hazards due to object handling
4.1.2.7
24.1 Stability
4.1.2.1
4.10.1 4.10.1.2.1 4.10.1.2.3 4.10.1.2.4 4.10.1.3 4.10.1.3.1 4.10.1.3.3 4.10.1.4 4.10.1.4.1 4.10.1.4.3
24.2 Lifting accessories
4.1.2.3
4.10.1.3.4
4.1.2.4
4.10.2.2
4.1.2.5
4.10.2.2.1
4.1.2.6
4.10.2.2.2
4.3.1
4.10.2.2.3
4.3.2
4.10.3
25 Hazards generated by noise
1.5.8
4.11
26 Hazards generated by lack of warning signs
1.7.2
4.6.1.1.4
3.6.1
4.8 5
27 Hazards due to missing and/or incorrect instructions
1.7.4
4.6.1.3
3.6.3
4.9
4.4
4.12.3 4.13.2 6
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© BSI 02-1999
EN 474-4:1996
Annex C (informative) Illustrations C.1 Wheel backhoe loader
Figure C.1 — Wheel backhoe loader C.2 Crawler backhoe loader
Figure C.2 — Crawler backhoe loader
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EN 474-4:1996
C.3 Derivated use (examples) Wheel backhoe loader with an alternative attachment, which does not change the safety requirements of the backhoe loader but modifies the application for use.
Figure C.3 — Backhoe loader with pole erecting attachment
Figure C.4 — Backhoe loader with earth drill
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© BSI 02-1999
BS EN 474-4:1996
List of references See national foreword.
© BSI 02-1999
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