BS-EN-445-1997.pdf

I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 5 0 0 2 y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) C S I J ( r e t s e h c n a M f o y t i s r e v i n U , 2 w e b i g c m n a m 2 w e b i g c m n a m : y p o C d e s n e c i L

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BRITISH STANDARD


Grout for prestressing tendons Ð Test methods

The European Standard EN 445 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard

ICS 91.100.10 ; 91.100.30

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

| BS EN | | | 445 : 1997 | | | | Incorporating | | Amendment No. 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Issue 2, December 1997

BS EN 445 : 1997

Committees responsible for this British Standard I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 5 0 0 2 y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) C S I J ( r e t s e h c n a M f o y t i s r e v i n UThis British Standard, having , been prepared under the 2direction of the Sector Board for wBuilding and Civil Engineering, e bwas published under the i gauthority of the Standards Board c and comes into effect on m - 15 November 1997 n a© BSI 1997 m 2 w e b i g c m nThe following BSI references a mrelate to the work on this : standard: y Committee reference B/525/2 pDraft for comment 91/10645 DC o C dISBN 0 580 28311 9 e s n e c i L

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural use of concrete, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Consulting Engineers British Cement Association British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. Concrete Society Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Construction Sponsorship Directorate) Department of Transport (Highways Agency) Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Steel Reinforcement Commission

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No.

Date

Text affected

9876

December 1997

Indicated by a sideline in the margin


BS EN 445 : 1997

National foreword


This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/525/2 and is the English language version of EN 445 : 1996 Grout for prestressing tendons Ð Test methods published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 445 was produced as a result of European discussions in which the UK took an active part. The UK voted against this standard at the CEN Formal Vote stage because UK industry considered the standard to be insufficient in providing suitable specification requirements for grouting materials and procedures, particularly for highway bridges. The UK conducted significant development work and subsequently published Concrete Society Technical Report No. 47 Durable Bonded Post Tensioned Concrete Bridges , prepared by a Concrete Society Working Party in collaboration with the Concrete Bridge Development Group (September 1996), to which reference may be made. At the CEN Formal Vote stage, however, the analysis of voting resulted in a positive vote and in accordance with CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 2 : Common rules for standards work EN 445 was accepted as a European Standard. Cross-reference Publication referred to

Corresponding British Standard

EN 196-1 : 1994

BS EN 196-1 : 1995 Determination of strength

Textual error

The textual error set out below was discovered when adopting the text of the European Standard. It has been reported to CEN in a proposal to amend the text of the European Standard. Figure 2 in the published EN version is not correct. In the national annex NA (informative) of this BS EN an updated version of the figure is given until such time as the EN is amended. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations .

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© BSI

1997

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I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 5 0 0 2 y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) C S I J ( r e t s e h c n a M f o y t i s r e v i n U , 2 w e b i g c m n a m 2 w e b i g c m n a m : y p o C d e s n e c i Lii

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EN 445

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEÂ ENNE È ISCHE NORM EUROPA


March 1996

ICS 91.100.30 Descriptors: Cables, ropes, prestressed concrete, grouting, viscosity, tests

English version

Grout for prestressing tendons Ð Test methods

Coulis pour ca Ã ble de preÂ contrainte Ð MeÂ thode d'essais

Einpreûmo È rtel fu È r Spannglieder Ð Pru È fverfahren

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-28. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN European Committee for Standardization ComiteÂ EuropeÂen de Normalisation Europa È isches Komitee fu È r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1996

Copyright reserved to CEN members. Ref. No. EN 445 : 1996 E

Page 2 EN 445 : 1996

I Foreword S BThis European Standard has been prepared by ) c Technical Committee CEN/TC 104, Concrete Ð ( , Performance, production, placing and compliance y pcriteria, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. o CThis European Standard shall be given the status of a dnational standard, either by publication of an identical e l l text or by endorsement, at the latest by o r September 1996, and conflicting national standards t nshall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1996. o c According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, nthe following countries are bound to implement this U , European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, 5Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, 0 0Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, 2 Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) Contents C S I Page J ( - Foreword 2 r e t 0 Introduction 3 s e1 Scope 3 h c Normative references 3 n2 a Testing of grout 3 M3 f General conditions 3 o3.1 y t Fluidity test 3 i 3.2 s r 3.2.1 Immersion method 3 e v i 3.2.1.1 Principle of test 3 n U3.2.1.2 Apparatus 3 , 23.2.1.3 Calibration procedure 3 w e3.2.1.4 Test procedure 3 b i g3.2.1.5 Reporting the results 5 c m Cone method 5 - 3.2.2 n Principle of test 5 a3.2.2.1 m Apparatus 5 3.2.2.2 2 w3.2.2.3 Test procedure 5 e b Reporting of results 5 i 3.2.2.4 g c 3.3 Bleeding test 5 m - 3.3.1 Principle of test 5 n a Apparatus 5 3.3.2 m : 3.3.3 Procedure 5 y p Reporting of results 6 o3.3.4 C d e s n e c i L

Page 3.4

Volume change test

6

3.4.1

Principle of test

6

3.4.2

Cylinder method

6

3.4.2.1

Apparatus

6

3.4.2.2

Procedure

6

3.4.2.3

Reporting of results

6

3.4.3

Can method

6

3.4.3.1

Apparatus

6

3.4.3.2

Procedure

6

3.4.3.3


6

3.5

Compression strength test

6

3.5.1

Prisms

6

3.5.1.1

Principle of the test

6

3.5.1.2

Apparatus

7

3.5.1.3

Procedure

7

3.5.1.3.1

Moulding of the test specimens

7

3.5.1.3.2

Curing of test specimens

8

3.5.1.3.3

Compression test

8

3.5.1.4


8

3.5.2

Cylinders

8

3.5.2.1

Principle

8

3.5.2.2

Apparatus

8

3.5.2.3

Procedure

8

3.5.2.4


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Page 3 EN 445 : 1996

0 Introduction I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 5 0 0 2 y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) C S I J ( r e t s e h c n a M f o y t i s r e v i n U , 2 w e b i g c m n a m 2 w e b i g c m n a m : y p o C d e s n e c i L

In post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction, the grouting of tendons is an important operation. This European Standard provides methods of test for grout specified in EN 447. Some tests given herein are alternatives and it will be necessary to relate the chosen test method to the specified requirements.

3.2.1.2 Apparatus a) Calibrated immersion equipment, according to figure 1. b) A 0,5 m spacer rod, according to figure 1. c) A stopwatch.

3.2.1.3 Calibration procedure Calibrate the immersion equipment with glycerol (analytical grade) having a density of 1,226 g/cm3 at (20 ± 0,5) ÊC. The temperature of the room, immersion 1 Scope equipment and glycerol shall be (20 ± 0,5) ÊC during the This European Standard describes the methods of test calibration. for grout specified in EN 447. Fill the cylinder with about 1,9 l glycerol up to approximately 260 mm below the rim. After filling the 2 Normative references immersion equipment the glycerol shall be allowed to rest for about 1 h. Then immerse the plunger to expel This European Standard incorporates by dated or the air bubbles from the glycerol, which may have undated reference, provisions from other publications. been introduced into the glycerol during the filling of These normative references are cited at the the cylinder. appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent After at least 1 h position the plunger so that its stop amendments to or revisions of any of these on the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of publications apply to this European Standard only the tube. Then pull the spacer away to allow the when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For plunger to sink to the stop of the tube. Record this undated references the latest edition of the publication time to the nearest second. referred to applies. Repeat the calibration at least three times. The mean value of all measured immersion times shall EN 196-1 : 1987 Methods of testing cement Ð be (34 ± 1) s. If the test result deviates from this value Determination of strength the weight of the plunger shall be increased where EN 447 Grout for prestressing tendons Ð t > 35 s or reduced where t < 33 s. This is done by Specification for common grout varying the quantity of the lead pellets in the plunger. Delay repeating the calibration procedure for at ISO 4012 Concrete Ð Determination of least 30 min to ensure that no air bubbles are in the compressive strength of test glycerol resulting from the preceding calibration specimens procedure.

3 Testing of grout 3.1 General conditions The grouts shall be tested by competent personnel experienced in the subject. The normal conditions of temperature and relative humidity at test shall be as follows: ± temperature (20 ± 2) ÊC; ± relative humidity > 65 %. These conditions are for the specification of the grout. Variations in temperature and humidity on site may cause variations in the test results and shall be reported. The grout for the tests shall be made from materials specified in clause 4 of EN 447 and mixed in accordance with clause 6 of EN 447. The temperature of the freshly mixed grout is to be given in all test reports. 3.2 Fluidity test 3.2.1 Immersion method 3.2.1.1 Principle of test The test consists of measuring the time a plunger needs to drop through a defined amount of grout in a tube. © BSI

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3.2.1.4 Test procedure Preparation The adjustment of the immersion equipment shall be tested before it is used. Adjustment of the immersion equipment shall be tested subsequently once a year and/or after any damage. Directly before the test place the equipment vertically and dampen the inside of the tube and the plunger so that the surface is moist but without free water. Procedure Fill the cylinder with approximately 1,9 l grout up to approximately 260 mm below the rim, so that the plunger is fully immersed on introduction if its stop on the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of the tube. Then pull the spacer away; the plunger sinks to the stop in the tube. Then raise the plunger back to its initial position, insert the spacer, pull it away again and measure the time until the stop lies on the tube. Measure the immersion times of the grout immediately after the mixing process and after 30 min. For the test after 30 min, grout from the same mix as that used for the immersion test immediately after the mixing process shall be used; the grout is to be kept in motion with the stirrer until the carrying out of the test after 30 min. Each test is carried out three times in succession with the same filling.

Page 4 EN 445 : 1996


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Stop Guide rod Wooden rod (as spacer) Cu-Zn tube Final position of the plunger Level Wooden rod (as measuring rod) White dye Guide cam Grout level in the starting position of the plunger Grout level without plunger (∼ 1,9 l)

Figure 1. Immersion equipment for determining the immersion time

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Page 5 EN 445 : 1996

3.2.1.5 Reporting of results I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 5 0 0 2 y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) C S I J ( r e t s e h c n a M f o y t i s r e v i n U , 2 w e b i g c m n a m 2 w e b i g c m n a m : y p o C d e s n e c i L

Dimensions in mm

Report the result as the average of the immersion times to the nearest second of the second and third immersion, ignoring the first immersion time. 3.2.2 Cone method 3.2.2.1 Principle of test

The fluidity of grout, expressed in seconds, measured by the time necessary for a stated quantity of grout to pass through the orifice of the cone, under stated conditions. 3.2.2.2 Apparatus

The following apparatus is required for the test. a) Cone, a cone of the dimensions given in figure 2. It shall be robust and manufactured from materials not reactive with any materials specified in clause 4 of EN 447. The volume of the cone (excluding the cylindrical portions at top and bottom) shall be 1,7 l ± 10 %. b) Sieving medium, the sieving medium aperture shall be 1,5 mm and the sieving medium shall be fitted as shown in figure 2, and be removable. c) Stopwatch. d) Container, of 1 l capacity. 3.2.2.3 Test procedure

Preparation Mount the cone with its axis vertical and its largest diameter uppermost. Fix the sieving medium at the position indicated in figure 2. During the test prevent the cone from vibrating. Place the container under the cone outlet. All surfaces of the cone shall be clean and shall be dampened so that the surfaces are moist but without free water. Close the lower cone orifice. Procedure Pour the grout through the sieving medium to fill the conical section of the cone. Pour the grout sufficiently slowly to prevent the build-up of air in the grout in the cone. Open the lower cone orifice and at the same time, start the stopwatch. Measure the time taken to the nearest 0,5 s to fill the container. The presence of lumps on the sieving medium shall be reported. Three tests shall be carried out, the first immediately after the grout is mixed and the remaining two tests 30 min after mixing or injection. While testing is in progress the grout shall be kept agitated. 3.2.2.4 Reporting of results

Report the time taken to the nearest 0,5 s. Report also the presence of lumps. Report the result as the average of the times determined to the nearest 0,5 s of the second and third tests, ignoring the results of the first test.

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Figure 2. Cone for fluidity test 3.3 Bleeding test 3.3.1 Principle of test

The test consists of measuring the quantity of water remaining on the surface of the grout which has been allowed to stand protected from evaporation. 3.3.2 Apparatus

A transparent 100 ml cylinder 25 mm in diameter and 250 mm in height graduated in ml. Alternatively, a transparent cylinder 50 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height graduated in mm. 3.3.3 Procedure

Preparation Place the cylinder on a surface free from shocks or vibration. The grout used should be from the same batch as that used for the fluidity test. Procedure for 25 mm diameter cylinder Pour 95 to 100 ml of grout into the cylinder. Note the level of the grout (v) ignoring the meniscus. After 3 h, measure the quantity of water on top of the grout (v1), taking appropriate measures to prevent evaporation. The test is carried out on one sample of grout. Procedure for 50 mm diameter cylinder Pour grout into the cylinder to a height of approximately 150 mm. Note the height to the top of the grout (h) ignoring the meniscus. After 3 h, measure the height of water on top of the grout (h1) taking appropriate measures to prevent evaporation. The test is carried out on one sample of grout.

Page 6 EN 445 : 1996

3.3.4 Reporting of results

Bleeding at the end of 3 h is given by I v1 for 25 mm diameter cylinder 3 100 % S B v ) and c ( , y h1 3 100 % for 50 mm diameter cylinder p h o Cwhere: d e v1 is the volume of water in ml on the surface of l l o the grout after 3 h r t n v is the initial volume in ml of grout o c is the height in mm of water on the surface of n h1 U the grout after 3 h , 5 h is the initial height in mm of grout. 0 0 2The report shall state the temperature at the time of y r test. a u3.4 Volume change test n a J 3.4.1 Principle of test 6The volume change is measured as a percentage of the 0 , volume of grout between the start and the end of the ) Ctest. The test measures mainly the volume change S I caused by segregation or expansion. J ( The grout used in this test may have been used for the r bleeding test (see 3.3). e t s 3.4.2 Cylinder method e h3.4.2.1 Apparatus c n a A transparent cylinder , 50 mm in diameter and 200 mm Min height. f o3.4.2.2 Procedure y t i Place the cylinder on a surface free from shocks or s r vibration. Fill it with the grout to a height h. 24 h after e v filling the cylinder measure the height (h2) of the grout i nin the cylinder. U , 23.4.2.3 Reporting of results wThe volume change at the end of 24 h is given by e b h 2 h i 2 g 3 100 % c h m - where: n a is the initial height in mm of grout (see 3.4) m h 2 h2 is the height of grout in mm after 24 h. w e 3.4.3 Can method b i g c 3.4.3.1 Apparatus m - a) Three metal cans, 120 mm high and n approximately 100 mm in diameter, with lids capable a m of preventing the loss of moisture. : b) Measuring rod or sliding calipers. y p c) Plates: o C ± stop plate, for placing on the can with a diameter d of 120 mm (see figure 3); e s n e c i L

± transparent stop plate, for placing on the grout and having a diameter of 98 mm and weight of 10 g approximately (see figure 4). d) Filling gauge. 3.4.3.2 Procedure

Place the cans on a surface free of vibration and heat radiation and store for 24 h. Immediately after mixing, pour the grout into each can using the filling gauge, to a depth of 100 mm. Carry out a measurement of the distance from the top of the can to the top of the grout: ± immediately after the containers are filled; and ± 24 h after the containers are filled; by one of the following methods. a) Measurement with the stop plate on the can Take the first measurement immediately after the cans have been filled with grout, by measuring the distance between the surface of the grout and the top edge of the can, with the stop plate on the can, in at least six places with the depth gauge or by other means (first measurement). The marking shall coincide with the top edge of the can (reference point). Then seal the cans by covering the lid with a weight of approximately 300 g until the second measurement. Carry out the second measurement 24 h after the filling of the cans. In the second measurement, measure the distance between the firm surface of the grout and the top edge of the can at the same places with the same means as for the first measurement. b) Measurement with the stop plate on the grout Immediately after filling the cans, put the stop plate (figure 4) on the fresh grout and measure with the depth gauge the distance between this plate and the top edge of the can in at least six places (first measurement). Then seal the cans. Carry out the second measurement 24 h after the filling of the cans. In the second measurement, measure the distance between the stop plate and the top edge of the can at the same six places as for the first measurement. 3.4.3.3 Reporting of results

The difference of the average values between the first and second measurement(s) in mm corresponds at 100 mm grout level to the volume change in percent and is reported as the percentage change in volume. Report the percentage change in volume as the average of the three containers to the nearest 0,1 %. Report increase of volume as (+) and decrease as (2). 3.5 Compression strength test 3.5.1 Prisms 3.5.1.1 Principle of the test

The compression strength of grout in this test (which is an adaptation to grouts of the mechanical tests described in EN 196-1) is determined on the broken halves of prisms.

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Page 7 EN 445 : 1996

3.5.1.2 Apparatus I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 5 0 0 2 y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) C S I J ( r e t s e h c n a M f o y t i s r e v i n U , 2 w e b i g c m n a m 2 w e b i g c m n a m : y p o C d e s n e c i L

Dimensions in mm

a) Mixer for grout, in accordance with the requirements of EN 447. b) Ventilated drying cupboard, with a temperature of (20 ± 1) ÊC and a relative humidity of (95 ± 5) %. c) Test machines, and the devices in accordance with 4.7 and 4.8 of EN 196-1. d) Metal moulds, in accordance with 4.5 of EN 196-1. e) Metal straight edge, in accordance with figure 3 of EN 196-1. Dimensions in mm

a) Container

b) Plate a) Container

Figure 4. Plate on the grout

3.5.1.3 Procedure 3.5.1.3.1 Moulding of the test specimens

b) Plate

Figure 3. Plate on the can

© BSI

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The moulds and accessories shall be prepared and the specimens made in accordance with EN 196-1, with the exception noted as follows. Each mould shall be filled with the prepared grout. As an exception to the procedure in EN 196-1 (and because of the liquidity of grouts) the test specimens shall not be subjected to any vibration or shock. Immediately strike off the excess grout with the metal straight edge held almost vertically and moved slowly, with a transverse sawing motion once in each direction. Smooth the surface of the specimens using the same straight edge held almost flat. Then cover the specimens with a glass plate. Label or mark moulds to identify the specimens.

Page 8 EN 445 : 1996

3.5.1.3.2 Curing of test specimens

Cure test specimens in accordance with EN 196-1, until I they are tested. S B3.5.1.3.3 Compression test ) c The compression test shall be carried out in ( , accordance with EN 196-1. The compression strength y pshall be measured on six test specimens from three o prisms broken in flexure. C d3.5.1.4 Reporting of results e l l The report shall provide all the results of the o r compression tests, in MPa. t n oThe value obtained for each test shall be the mean of c nthe individual results. U , 3.5.2 Cylinders 5 0 03.5.2.1 Principle 2 The compressive strength of grout in this test is y r determined on the three cylinders used in the volume a uchange test given in 3.4.3. n a J 3.5.2.2 Apparatus 6 a) The cans, as described in 3.4.3.1. 0 , b) A compression test machine , as described in ) C ISO 4012. S I c) Equipment, for sawing and grinding test J ( - specimens. r e3.5.2.3 Procedure t s e After measuring the volume change, store the three hcylinders in water at (20 ± 1) ÊC until they are to be c n prepared for test. Immediately prior to test, carefully a Mdemould the specimens. f Prepare each specimen for test by sawing through the o y cylinder near the upper surface and then grinding both t i circular surfaces of the cylinder until the disc to be s r loaded in the test has a thickness of 80 mm. e v i nThen test each specimen in accordance with UISO 4012 until the maximum load ( F c) is reached. , 23.5.2.4 Reporting of results w eCalculate the compressive strength R c in N/mm2 from b i F c g c Rc = A m nwhere a m F is the failure load in N c 2 is the cross-sectional area in mm2 w A e b i gand shall be measured on three specimens, the mean c value of which shall be reported as the compressive m - strength. The report shall provide all the test results. n a m : y p o C d e s n e c i L

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Page 9 BS EN 445 : 1997

National annex NA (informative) I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 5 0 0 2 y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) C S I J ( r e t s e h c n a M f o y t i s r e v i n U , 2 w e b i g c m n a m 2 w e b i g c m n a m : y p o C d e s n e c i L

Cone for fluidity test Ø 152 ± 3 1

0 1

± 0 8 2

3

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Ø 10 ± 0,1

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1.

0 6

Sieving medium

Figure NA1. Cone for fluidity test

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I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 5 0 0 2 y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) C S I J ( r e t s e h c n a M f o y t i s r e v i n U , 2 w e b i g c m n a m 2 w e b i g c m n a m : y p o C d e s n e c i L10

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BS EN 445 : 1997

List of references


See national foreword.

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I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 5 0 0 2 y r a u n a J 6 0 , ) C S I J ( r e t s e h c n a M f o y t i s r e v i n U , 2 w e b i g c m n a m 2 w e b i g c m nBSI a m389 Chiswick High Road : London y pW4 4AL o C d e s n e c i L

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