BRITISH STANDARD
Lighting applications Ð Emergency lighting
The European Standard EN 1838:1999 has the status of a British Standard
ICS 91.160.10
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BS EN 1838:1999 BS 5266-7:1999
BS EN 1838:1999
National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1838:1999. Together with BS 5266-1:1999, it supersedes BS 5266-1:1988 which is withdrawn. This standard gives details of the UK A deviations in annex B and should be read in conjunction with BS 5266-1:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPL/34/9, Emergency lighting, which has the responsibility to: Ð aid enquirers enquirers to understa understand nd the text; text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organiza organizations tions represen represented ted on this committee committee can be obtained obtained on request request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard Standard does not purport purport to include include all the necessary necessary provisions provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 October October 1999
©
BSI 10-1999
ISBN 0 580 32992 5
Amendments Amendmen ts issued since publication Amd. Amd. No.
Date
Comment Commentss
EN 1838 1838
EUROPEAN STANDARD Â ENNE NORME EUROPE È ISCHE NORM EUROPA
April April 1999
ICS 91.160.10
English version
Lighting applications Ð Emergency lighting
Eclai clairragis agisme me Ð Ecla Eclair ira age de sec secour ours
Ange Angewa wan ndte dte Licht ichtte tec chnik hnik Ð Notbe tbeleu leuchtu chtung ng
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 March 1999. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which which stipul stipulate ate the condit condition ionss for giving giving this this Europe European an Standa Standard rd the status status of a nation national al standa standard rd withou withoutt any alter alterati ation. on. Up-toUp-to-dat date e lists lists and biblio bibliogr graph aphica icall references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version version in any other other language language made by translat translation ion under the responsib responsibility ility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN CEN memb member erss are are the the nati nation onal al stan standa dard rdss bodi bodies es of Aust Austri ria, a, Belg Belgiu ium, m, Czec Czech h Republ Republic, ic, Denma Denmark, rk, Finla Finland, nd, Franc France, e, Germa Germany ny,, Greec Greece, e, Icelan Iceland, d, Irela Ireland, nd, Italy Italy,, Luxem Luxembou bourg, rg, Nether Netherlan lands, ds, Norway Norway,, Portug Portugal, al, Spain, Spain, Sweden Sweden,, Switze Switzerla rland nd and United Kingdom.
CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa È isches È isches Komitee fu È r È r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1838:1999 E ©
Page 2 EN 1838:1999
Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169, Light and lighting, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 1999. Accordin According g to the CEN/CEN CEN/CENELEC ELEC Internal Regulatio Regulations, ns, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. It is intended to replace in part national standards relating to emergency lighting luminous requirements. It should be read in conjunction with the standards being produced by CEN/TC 169 WG7, Measurement and presentation of photometric data, and in conjunction with prEN 50172 Emergency escape lighting systems. Users of this EN, prepared in the field of application of Article Article 118 A of the EC Treaty reaty,, should should be aware aware that standards have no formal legal relationship with Directives which may have been made under Article 118 A of the Treaty. In addition, national legislation in the Member states may contain more stringent requirements than the minimum requirements of a Directive based on Article 118 A. Information on the relationship between the national legislation implementing Directives based on Article 118 A and this EN may be given in a national foreword of the national standard implementing this EN.
Contents Page Foreword
2
Introduction
3
1
Scope
3
2
Normative references
3
3
Definitions
4
4
Emergency escape lighting
4
4.1
General
4
4.2
Escape route lighting
4
4.3
Op Open area (anti-panic) lighting
5
4.4
High risk task area lighting
6
4.5
Standby lighting
6
5
Safety signs
6
Annex A (normati (normative) ve) Luminance Luminance and illuminance measurements
7
Annex Annex B (informa (informative) tive) Countries Countries requiri requiring ng different light levels
8
Annex C (informa (informative) tive) Bibliography Bibliography
9
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Page 3 EN 1838:1999
Introduction Emergency lighting is provided for use when the supply to the normal lighting fails and is therefore powered powered from a source source independe independent nt of that supplying supplying the normal lighting. For the purposes of this standard emergency lighting is regarded as a generic term of which there are a number of specific forms, as shown in Figure 1. The requirements given in this standard are a minimum for design purposes and are calculated for the full rated duration period and end of design life of the equipment; the contribution to illumination by reflected light is ignored. The overall objective of emergency escape lighting is to enable safe exit from a location in the event of failure of the normal supply. The objective of escape route lighting is to enable the safe exit from a location for occupants by providing appropriate visual conditions and direction finding on escape routes and in special locations, and to ensure that fire fighting and safety equipment can be readily located and used.
Vision Vision varies varies from person to person, person, both in the amount of light required to perceive an object clearly and in the time taken to adapt to changes in the illuminance. In general, older people need more light and take a longer time to adapt to low illuminance on a hazard or escape route. Much anxiety and confusion can be alleviated by strategically placed signs indicating the way out of a location. It is very important that exits are clearly signposted and are visible, whenever the location is occupied.
1 Scope This standard specifies the luminous requirements for emergency lighting systems installed in premises or locations where such systems are required. It is principal principally ly applicabl applicable e to locations locations where the public public or workers have access.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. The objective of open area (anti-panic) lighting is to These normative references are cited in the reduce the likelihood of panic and to enable safe appropriate places in the text and the publications are movement of occupants towards escape routes by listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent providing providing appropriate appropriate visual conditions conditions and direction direction amendments to or revisions of any of these finding. The flow of light for escape routes or open publicatio publications ns apply to this European Standard only areas should be downward to the working plane but when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For illumination should also be provided to any obstruction undated references the latest edition of the publication up to 2 m height above that plane. referred to applies. The objective of high risk task area lighting is to EN 60598-2-22, Luminaires Ð Part 2-22: Particular contribute to the safety of people involved in a requir requireme ements nts Ð Lumina Luminaire iress for eme emerge rgency ncy lighting lighting. potential potentially ly dangerous dangerous process or situation situation and to (IEC 60598-2-22:1997, modified) enable proper shut down procedures to be carried out prEN prEN 50172, 50172, Emergency escape lighting systems . for the safety of other occupants of the location. ISO 3864:1984, Safety colours and safety signs. There are emerging techniques that when applied to IEC 50 Ð Chapter 845, International Electrotechnical escape routes in addition to conventional emergency Vocabulary Ð Chapter 845: Lighting. lighting luminaires can enhance their effectiveness in an emergency. These techniques are not included in this standard.
Figure Figure 1 Ð Specific Specific forms of emergency emergency lighting
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Page 4 EN 1838:1999
3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply: 3.1 emergency lighting lighting provided for use when the supply to the normal lighting fails [IEC 50 Ð Chapter 845] 3.2 escape route a route designated for escape in the event of an emergency 3.3 emergency escape lighting that part of emergency lighting that provides illumination for the safety of people leaving a location or attempting to terminate a potentially dangerous process process before before doing doing so 3.4 escape route lighting that part of emergency escape lighting provided to ensure that the means of escape can be effectively identified and safely used when the location is occupied 3.5 open area lighting (in some countries known as anti-panic lighting) that part of emergency escape lighting provided to avoid panic and provide illumination allowing people to reach a place where an escape route can be identified 3.6 high risk task area lighting that part of emergency escape lighting that provides illumination for the safety of people involved in a potentiall potentially y dangerou dangerouss process process or situatio situation n and to enable proper shut down procedures for the safety of the operator and other occupants of the premises 3.7 standby lighting that part of emergency lighting provided to enable normal activities to continue substantially unchanged [IEC 50 Ð Chapter 845] 3.8 emergency exit a way out that is intended to be used during an emergency 3.9 safety sign a sign which gives a general safety message, obtained by a combination of colour and geometric shape and which, by the addition of a graphic symbol or text, gives a particular safety message [ISO 3864:1984]
3.10 externally illuminated safety sign a sign that is illuminated, when it is required, by an external source 3.11 internally illuminated safety sign a sign that is illuminated, when it is required, by an internal source
4 Emergency escape lighting 4.1 General To provide visibility for evacuation purposes lighting is required in the volume of the space. In this standard the recommendation is fulfilled by the mounting of luminaires at least 2 m above the floor. Signs which are provided at all exits intended to be used in an emergency and along escape routes shall be illuminated to indicate unambiguously the route of escape to a point of safety. Where direct sight of an emergency exit is not possible possible,, an illumina illuminated ted directio directional nal sign (or series series of signs) shall be provided to assist progression towards the emergency exit. An escape escape lighting lighting luminair luminaire e complying complying with EN 60598-2-22 shall be sited to provide appropriate illuminance near each exit door and at positions where it is necessary to emphasize potential danger or safety equipment. The positions to be emphasized shall include the following: a) at each exit door intended to be used in an emergency; b) near (see note) stairs so that each flight of stairs receives direct light; c) near (see note) any other change in level; d) mandatory emergency exits and safety signs; e) at each change of direction; f) at each intersection of corridors; g) outside and near to each final exit; h) near (see note) each first aid post; i) near (see note) each piece of fire fighting equipment and call point. Positions denoted as h) or i) if not on the escape route nor in an open area shall be illuminated to 5 lx minimum on the floor. NOTE.T 20>For the purposes of this clause, ªnearº is normally considered to be within 2 m measured horizontally.
4.2 Escape route lighting escape routes routes up to 2 m in width, the 4.2.1 For escape horizontal illuminances on the floor along the centre line of an escape route shall be not less than 1 lx and the central band consisting of not less than half of the width of the route shall be illuminated to a minimum of 50 % of that value. NOTE.T 18>1 Wider Wider escape escape routes can be treated treated as a number number of 2 m wide strips or be provided with open area (anti-panic) lighting. NOTE.T NOTE.T 18>2 Countries Countries requirin requiring g different different lighting levels levels are given in annex B.
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ratio of the maximum maximum to the minimum minimum 4.2.2 The ratio illuminance shall not be greater than 40:1 along the centre line of the escape route. Disability ty glare shall be kept low by limiting limiting the 4.2.3 Disabili luminous intensity of the luminaires within the field of view. view. For level horizontal escape routes the luminous intensity of the luminaires shall not exceed the values in Table 1 within the zone 608 to 908 from the downward vertical at all angles of azimuth (see Figure 2). For all other escape routes and areas, the limiting values values shall shall not be exceeded exceeded at all angles angles (see Figure 3). NOTE High contrast contrast between between a luminaire luminaire and its its background background can produce glare. In escape route lighting the main problem will be disability glare, in which the brightness of the luminaires can dazzle and prevent obstructions or signs being seen.
1 glare zone
Figure 3 escape route lighting shall reach 4.2.6 The emergency escape 50 % of the required illuminance level within 5 s and full required illuminance within 60 s. Compliance with 4.2.1 with 4.2.1 to to 4.2.4 and 4.2.4 and 4.2.6 can 4.2.6 can be checked by measurement or by comparison with authenticated data from a supplier. 4.3 Open area (anti-panic) lighting horizontal illuminanc illuminance e shall be not less than 4.3.1 The horizontal 0,5 lx at the floor level of the empty core area which excludes a border of 0,5 m of the perimeter of the area. ratio of the maximum maximum to the minimum minimum 4.3.2 The ratio anti-panic area lighting illuminance shall not be greater than 40:1.
1 glare zone
Figure 2
4.2.4 In 4.2.4 In order to identify safety colours the minimum value for the colour colour renderin rendering g index index Ra from a lamp shall be 40. The luminaire shall not substantially subtract from this. 4.2.5 The 4.2.5 The minimum duration of the illumination of the emergency escape lighting allowed for escape purposes shall be 1 h.
Disability ty glare shall be kept low by limiting limiting the 4.3.3 Disabili luminous intensity of the luminaires within the field of view. view. These These shall shall not exceed exceed the values values in Table 1 within the zone 608 to 908 from the downward vertical at all angles of azimuth (see Figure 2). identify safety colours, colours, the minimum minimum 4.3.4 In order to identify value value for the colour colour renderin rendering g index R a from a lamp shall be 40. The luminaire shall not substantially subtract from this. minimum duration duration allowed allowed for escape escape 4.3.5 The minimum purposes purposes shall be 1 h.
Table 1 Ð Disability glare limits Mounting Mounting height above floor level h
Escape route and open area (anti-panic) lighting maximum luminous intensity I I max
m
cd
High risk task area lighting maximum luminous intensity I max cd
h < 2,5
500
1 000
2,5 # h < 3,0
900
1 800
3,0 # h < 3,5
1 600
3 200
3,5 # h < 4,0
2 500
5 000
4,0 # h < 4,5
3 500
7 000
4,5
5 000
10 000
h
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anti-panic area lighting lighting shall reach 50 % of 4.3.6 The anti-panic the required illuminance within 5 s and full required illuminan illuminance ce within within 60 s. Compliance with 4.3.1 with 4.3.1 to to 4.3.4 and 4.3.4 and 4.3.6 can 4.3.6 can be checked by measurement or by comparison with authenticated data from a supplier. 4.4 High risk task area lighting maintained ed illuminance illuminance 4.4.1 In areas of high risk the maintain on the reference plane shall be not less than 10 % of the required maintained illuminance for that task, however it shall be not less than 15 lx. It shall be free of harmful stroboscopic effects. uniformity y of the high risk task area lighting lighting 4.4.2 The uniformit illuminance shall be not less than 0,1. Disability y glare shall be kept low by limiting limiting the 4.4.3 Disabilit luminous intensity of the luminaires within the field of view. view. These These shall shall not exceed exceed the values values in Table 1 within the zone 608 to 908 from the downward vertical at all angles of azimuth. identify safety colours, colours, the minimum minimum 4.4.4 In order to identify value value for the colour colour rendering rendering index R a of a lamp shall be 40. The luminaire shall not substantially subtract from this. minimum duration duration shall be the period period for 4.4.5 The minimum which the risk exists to people. lighting shall shall provide the full 4.4.6 High risk task area lighting required illuminance permanently or within 0,5 s depending upon application. Compliance with 4.4.1 with 4.4.1 to to 4.4.4 and 4.4.4 and 4.4.6 can 4.4.6 can be checked by measurement or by comparison with authenticated data from a supplier. 4.5 Standby lighting When standby lighting is used for emergency escape lighting purposes it shall comply with the relevant requirements of this standard. Where a standby lighting level lower than the minimum normal lighting is employed, the lighting is to be used only to shut down or terminate processes.
5 Safety signs Safety signs for emergency escape and first aid signs shall meet the following requirements. NOTE.T 20>Attention is drawn to the requirement for the format of the sign boards for safety signs specified in the Council Directive 92/58/EEC of 24 June 1992 on the minimum requirements for provision of safety and/or health signs at work.
Safety signs shall be illuminate illuminated d to at least 50 % of 5.1 Safety the required luminance within 5 s and full required luminance within 60 s. colours shall conform to the requirem requirements ents of 5.2 The colours ISO 3864. luminance of any area of safety colour colour of the 5.3 The luminance sign shall be at least 2 cd/m2 in all relevant viewing directions (see annex A). ratio of the maximum maximum to the minimum minimum 5.4 The ratio luminance within either white or the safety colour shall be not greater than 10:1. NOTE.T NOTE.T 20>High 20>High variation variation of adjacent adjacent points points should should be avoided. avoided.
5.5 The 5.5 The ratio of the luminance L white to the luminance Lcolour shall be not less than 5:1 and not greater than 15:1 (see annex A). internally illuminated illuminated sign is discernibl discernible e at a 5.6 As an internally greater distance than an externally illuminated sign of the same size the maximum viewing distance (see Figure 4) shall be determined by use of the following equation: d = s
(1)
3 p
where d
is the viewing distance;
p
is the heigh heightt of the pictog pictogram ram;;
s
is a constant: constant: 100 for externall externally y illuminate illuminated d signs; 200 for internally illuminated signs.
Figure 4 Ð Viewing distance
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Annex Annex A (norm (normati ative) ve) Luminance and illuminance measurements A.1 Luminance measurements measurements of signs Luminances are measured normal to the surface over a 10 mm diameter patch for each coloured surface of the sign. The minimum and maximum luminance is measured over the areas of each colour. For the coloured background a 10 mm wide outer border is excluded from the measurements. In order to determine the luminance ratio between two adjacent colours the luminance measurement should be taken at a distance of 15 mm on either side of the junction of the two colours. A search shall be made for the maximum and minimum ratios. If the area of colour is less than 30 mm the patch size shall be reduced. For safety signs with a shortest side less than 100 mm the diameter of the patch size and the width of the excluded border shall be reduced to not less than 10 % of that shortest side. A.2 Instrumentatio Instrumentation n for site measurement measurement All illumina illuminance nce measurem measurements ents shall be made with a cosine photopic V (l) ± corrected meter and all luminance measurements shall be made with a photopic photopic V (l) ± corrected meter. The meter shall have an error tolerance not exceeding 10 %. The measurement may be taken up to 20 mm height above the floor.
Figure A.1 Ð Typical example of measurement positions
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Annex Annex B (infor (informat mative ive) )
Clause
United Kingdom (SI No. 1065, SI No. 2179, SI No. 1709)
Countries requiring different light levels A-deviati A-deviation: on: National National deviation deviation due to regulati regulations, ons, the alteration of which is for the time being outside the competence of the CEN/CENELEC member.
BS 5266-1:1988 ªEmergency Lightingº. Clause 4.2.1 Defined escape routes: The horizontal illuminance at floor level on the centre line of a defined escape route should be not less than 0,2 lx. In addition for escape routes up to 2 m wide 50 % of the route width should be lit to a minimum of 0,1 lx. Wider escape routes can be treated as a number of 2 m wide bands.
This European Standard does not fall under any Directive of the EC. In the relevant CEN/CENELEC countries these A-deviat A-deviations ions are valid valid instead instead of the provisio provisions ns of the European Standard until they have been removed. Clause
De v i a t i o n
1
France1) Certified products are mandatory with defined performances. Illuminance and luminance design principles are not used.
(§ 7 Abs. 4 der 4.2.6 / 4.3.6 4.3.6 Germany (§ Arbeitss Arbeitssta ta È ttenverordnung È ttenverordnung und der Arbeitss Arbeitssta ta È tten-Richtlinie È tten-Richtlinie ASR 7/4) The period between the failure of the normal lighting when the electric supply fails and the reaching of the required illuminance shall last not longer than 15 s.
Italy2)
4
For cinemas, theatres and similar locations the minimum illuminance level measured at 1 m above the floor shall be 5 lx in proximit proximity y to the stairs stairs and Exit doors. doors. A minimum illuminance of 2 lx is required along escape routes. Where defined illuminance levels are required by law, they shall not be considered as design values values but actual actual measured measured values values including reflectance and available when emergency lighting is required. 4.1
4.2.6
France1) g), h) and i) are not included in the French requirements. requirements.
4.2
France1) On escape routes, certified emergency luminaires must be installed with a spacing of not more than 15 m (30 m in schools).
4.2.1
Ireland (S.I. No. 497 of 1997) I.S. 3217:1989 ªCode of Practice for Emergency Lightingº. Clause 4.2.1 Defined escape routes: The horizontal illuminance at floor level on the centre line of a clearly defined escape route shall be not less than 0,5 lx.
1)
De v i a t i o n
Ireland (S.I. No. 497 of 1997) I.S. 3217:1989 ªCode of Practice for Emergency Lightingº. Clause 4.2.6 Respons Res ponsee time time: The emergency lighting specified in this code should be provided within 5 s of the failure of the normal lighting supply. supply. United Kingdom (SI No. 1065, SI No. 2179, SI No. 1709) BS 5266-1:1988 ªEmergency Lightingº. Clause 4.2.6 Response time: The emergency lighting detailed in this code should be provided within 5 s of the failure of the normal lighting supply, but at the discretion of the enforcing authority this period can be extended to a maximum of 15 s in premises likely to be occupied for the most part by persons who are familiar with them and the escape routes.
The deviations for France are based on the following national regulations:
Re Á Á glement de se curite contre l'incendie dans les ERP, ERP, arreà te du 25 juin 1980 modifie , livre II, chapitre V III, section III. Arreà te du 10 novembre 1976 relatif aux circuits et installations de se curite dans les e tablissements soumis au code du travail. 2)
The deviation for Italy is based on the following national regulations:
Decree of the Ministry of the Interior dtd. 1986-02-01 (Garages). Decree of the Ministry of the Interior dtd. 1988-01-11 (Underground). Decree of the Ministry of the Interior dtd. 1992-08-26 (Schools). Decree of the Ministry of the Interior dtd. 1994-04-09 (Hotels). Decree of the Ministry of the Interior dtd. 1996-03-18 (Sports premises). Decree of the Ministry of the Interior Interior dtd. 1996-08-19 1996-08-19 (Cinemas, (Cinemas, theatres and public public entertainmen entertainment). t).
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Clause
Deviati on on
4.3
France3) Certified emergency lighting products must provide provide 5 lm/m2 of floor area. To achieve adequate uniformity, the luminaires must be spaced less than 4 times their mounting height (with minimum two products in a room).
Annex Annex C (infor (informa mativ tive) e) Bibliography prEN prEN 12665, 12665, Lighting applications Ð Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements . prEN prEN 12193, 12193, Lighting applications Ð Sports lighting. CEN/TC169/WG 6, Lighting applications Ð Tunnel lighting.
4.4
France3) These categories are not included in the French requirements which are risk based.
prEN 13032-1, 13032-1, Lighting applications Ð Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires Ð Part 1: Measurement .
5
France3) The French regulation refers to the French Standard NF 08-003 (or other European countries equivalent standards).
ISO 6309, Fire protection Ð Safety signs.
General
France3) The photometric approach with illuminance is not used in buildings open to the public and in work places. United Kingdom (SI No. 1129, SI No. 1125) CP 1007:1955 ªMaintained lighting for cinemasº. Clause 322. 322.
3)
See footnote 1).
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BS EN 1838:1999 BS 5266-7:1999
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