BRITISH STANDARD
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Fire resistance tests for service installations Ð Ducts
The European Standard EN 1366-1:1999 has the status of a British Standard
ICS 13.220.50
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BS EN 1366-1:1999
BS EN 1366-1:1999
National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1366-1:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee FSH/22, Fire resistance tests, to Subcommittee FSH/22/9, Test procedures for ducts, which has the responsibility to: I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Ð aid enquirers enquirers to understa understand nd the text; text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. The date of withdrawal of conflicting national standards has been extended to September 2001. Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 35 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 November November 1999
©
BSI 11-1999
ISBN 0 580 32427 3
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No.
Date
Comments
BS EN 1366-1:1999
National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1366-1:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee FSH/22, Fire resistance tests, to Subcommittee FSH/22/9, Test procedures for ducts, which has the responsibility to: I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Ð aid enquirers enquirers to understa understand nd the text; text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. The date of withdrawal of conflicting national standards has been extended to September 2001. Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 35 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 November November 1999
©
BSI 11-1999
ISBN 0 580 32427 3
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No.
Date
Comments
(8523($167$1'$5'
(1
1250((8523e(11( (8523b,6&+(1250
$XJXVW
,&6 I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
(QJOLVKYHUVLRQ
)LUHUHVLVWDQFHWHVWVIRUVHUYLFHLQVWDOODWLRQV± )LUHUHVLVWDQFHWHVWVIRUVHUYLFHLQVWDOODWLRQV±3DUW'XFWV 3DUW'XFWV (VVDLVGHUpVLVWDQFHDXIHXGHV (VVDLVGHUpVLVWDQFHDXIHXGHVLQVWDOODWLRQVWHFKQ LQVWDOODWLRQVWHFKQLTXHV± LTXHV± 3DUWLH&RQGXLWV
)HXHUZLGHUVWDQGVSUIXQJ )HXHUZLGHUVWDQGVSUIXQJHQIU,QVWDOODWLRQH HQIU,QVWDOODWLRQHQ±7HLO Q±7HLO /HLWXQJHQ
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
(8523($1&200,77(()2567$1'$5',=$7,21 &20,7e(8523e(1'(1250$/,6$7,21 (8523b,6&+(6.20,7(()h5125081* &HQWUDO6HFUHWDULDWUXHGH6WDVVDUW%%UXVVHOV &(1 &(1
$OOULJKWV $OOULJKWVRIH[S RIH[SORLWD ORLWDWLRQ WLRQLQDQ LQDQ\IRU \IRUPDQG PDQGE\D E\DQ\P Q\PHDQV HDQVUHVHUY UHVHUYHG HG ZRUOGZLGHIRU&(1QDWLRQDO0HPEHUV
5HI1R(1(
3DJH (1
&RQWHQWV 3DJH
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
)RUHZRUG
,QWURGXFWLRQ
6FRSH
1RUPDWLYH UHIHUHQFHV
'HILQLWLRQV
7HVW HTXLSPHQW
7HVW FRQGLWLRQV
7HVW VSHFLPHQ
,QVWDOODWLRQ RI WHVW VSHFLPHQ
&RQGLWLRQLQJ
$SSOLFDWLRQ RI LQVWUXPHQWDWLRQ
7HVW SURFHGXUH
3HUIRUPDQFH FULWHULD
7HVW UHSRUW
)LHOG RI GLUHFW DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WHVW UHVXOWV
$11(; $ ,QIRUPDWLYH *HQHUDO JXLGDQFH
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 )RUHZRUG
7KLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGKDVEHHQSUHSDUHGE\7HFKQLFDO&RPPLWWHH&(17&)LUHVDIHW\LQEXLOGLQJVWKH VHFUHWDULDWRIZKLFKLVKHOGE\%6,
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
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
(1³)LUHUHVLVWDQFHWHVWVIRUVHUYLFHLQVWDOODWLRQV´FRQVLVWVRIWKHIROORZLQJ 3DUW'XFWV 3DUW)LUHGDPSHUV 3DUW3HQHWUDWLRQVHDOVLQFRXUVHRISUHSDUDWLRQ 3DUW/LQHDUMRLQWVHDOVLQFRXUVHRISUHSDUDWLRQ 3DUW6HUYLFHGXFWVDQGVKDIWVLQFRXUVHRISUHSDUDWLRQ 3DUW5DLVHGIORRUVLQFRXUVHRISUHSDUDWLRQ 3DUW&ORVXUHVIRUFRQYH\RUVDQGWUDFNERXQGWUDQVSRUWDWLRQV\VWHPVLQFRXUVHRISUHSDUDWLRQ 3DUW6PRNHH[WUDFWLRQGXFWVLQFRXUVHRISUHSDUDWLRQ 3DUW6LQJOHFRPSDUWPHQWVPRNHH[WUDFWLRQGXFWVLQFRXUVHRISUHSDUDWLRQ 3DUW6PRNHFRQWUROGDPSHUVLQFRXUVHRISUHSDUDWLRQ ,QWURGXFWLRQ
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
¸
3DJH (1 7KHWHVWWDNHVLQWRDFFRXQWWKHHIIHFWRIILUHH[SRVXUHIURPWKHRXWVLGHZKHUHD3DXQGHUSUHVVXUH LVPDLQWDLQHGLQWKHGXFWDVZHOODVWKHHIIHFWRIILUHHQWHULQJWKHGXFWVLQFRQGLWLRQVZKHUHIRUFHGDLU PRYHPHQWPD\RUPD\QRWEHSUHVHQWE\PDLQWDLQLQJDYHORFLW\RIPV
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
'XFWVH[SRVHGWRILUHIURPWKHLQVLGHDUHVXSSOLHGZLWKDLULQDPDQQHUZKLFKLVLQGLFDWLYHRIWKHIDQ RIIDQGIDQRQVLWXDWLRQVZKLFKFRXOGDULVHLQSUDFWLFH &DXWLRQ
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
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 6FRSH
7KLV3DUWRI(1VSHFLILHVDPHWKRGIRUGHWHUPLQLQJWKHILUHUHVLVWDQFHRIYHUWLFDODQGKRUL]RQWDO YHQWLODWLRQGXFWVXQGHUVWDQGDUGL]HGILUHFRQGLWLRQV7KHWHVWH[DPLQHVWKHEHKDYLRXURIGXFWVH[SRVHG WRILUHIURPWKHRXWVLGHGXFW$DQGILUHLQVLGHWKHGXFWGXFW%7KLV6WDQGDUGLVXVHGLQFRQMXQFWLRQ ZLWK(1 I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
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
7KLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGLQFRUSRUDWHVE\GDWHGRUXQGDWHGUHIHUHQFHSURYLVLRQVIURPRWKHU SXEOLFDWLRQV7KHVHQRUPDWLYHUHIHUHQFHVDUHFLWHGDWWKHDSSURSULDWHSODFHVLQWKHWH[WDQGWKH SXEOLFDWLRQVDUHOLVWHGKHUHDIWHU)RUGDWHGUHIHUHQFHVVXEVHTXHQWDPHQGPHQWVWRRUUHYLVLRQVRIDQ\ RIWKHVHSXEOLFDWLRQVDSSO\WRWKLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGRQO\ZKHQLQFRUSRUDWHGLQLWE\DPHQGPHQWRU UHYLVLRQ)RUXQGDWHGUHIHUHQFHVWKHODWHVWHGLWLRQRIWKHSXEOLFDWLRQUHIHUUHGWRDSSOLHV SU(1 (1 (1 (1 SU(1 SU(1 SU(1 SU(1,62 (1 (1,62 ,62
%6,
¸
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
3DJH (1 'HILQLWLRQV
)RUWKHSXUSRVHVRIWKLV3DUWRI(1WKHGHILQLWLRQVJLYHQLQ(1DQGSU(1,62 WRJHWKHUZLWKWKHIROORZLQJDSSO\ I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
ILUHUHVLVWLQJGXFW$GXFWXVHGIRUWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRUH[WUDFWLRQRIDLUDQGGHVLJQHGWRSURYLGHD
GHJUHHRIILUHUHVLVWDQFH VXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHV7KHFRPSRQHQWVXVHGIRUVXVSHQGLQJDQGIL[LQJDGXFWIURPDIORRURU
VXSSRUWLQJDGXFWIURPDZDOO VXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ7KHZDOOSDUWLWLRQRUIORRUZKLFKWKHGXFWSDVVHVWKURXJKLQWKHWHVW FRPSHQVDWRU$GHYLFHWKDWLVXVHGWRSUHYHQWGDPDJHIURPWKHIRUFHVJHQHUDWHGE\H[SDQVLRQ
7HVWHTXLSPHQW *HQHUDO
,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHWHVWHTXLSPHQWVSHFLILHGLQ(1DQGLIDSSOLFDEOH(1WKHIROORZLQJ LVUHTXLUHG )XUQDFH
7KLVVKDOOEHFDSDEOHRIVXEMHFWLQJYHQWLODWLRQGXFWVWRWKHVWDQGDUGKHDWLQJDQGSUHVVXUHFRQGLWLRQV VSHFLILHGLQ(1DQGEHVXLWDEOHIRUWHVWLQJGXFWVLQWKHYHUWLFDOVHHILJXUHRUKRUL]RQWDOVHH ILJXUHRULHQWDWLRQ )DQ$
7KLVVKDOOEHDEOHWRSURGXFHDWWKHVWDUWDQGWKURXJKRXWWKHWHVWDQXQGHUSUHVVXUHRI3D ZLWKLQGXFW$VHHILJXUHDQGVKDOOEHFRQQHFWHGHLWKHUGLUHFWO\RUE\DVXLWDEOHOHQJWKRIIOH[LEOH GXFWLQJWRWKHPHDVXULQJVWDWLRQGHVFULEHGLQ )DQ%
7KLVVKDOOEHDEOHWRSURGXFHDQDLUYHORFLW\ZKHQH[WUDFWLQJJDVIURPGXFW%VHHILJXUHRIDWOHDVW PVPHDVXUHGDWDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHLQWKHGXFWEHIRUHWKHWHVW,WVKDOOEHFRQQHFWHGHLWKHUGLUHFWO\ RUE\DVXLWDEOHOHQJWKRIIOH[LEOHGXFWLQJWRWKHYHORFLW\PHDVXULQJVWDWLRQGHVFULEHGLQ7KHIDQ VKDOOEHSURYLGHGZLWKDE\SDVVYHQWWKDWFDQEHRSHQHGSULRUWRWKHGDPSHUGHVFULEHGLQEHLQJ VKXW 9ROXPHIORZPHDVXULQJVWDWLRQ
7KLVVKDOOFRQVLVWRIDYHQWXULRULILFHSODWHRURWKHUVXLWDEOHGHYLFHDQGZKHUHQHFHVVDU\DQDLUIORZ VWUDLJKWHQHULQVWDOOHGLQVWUDLJKWOHQJWKVRISLSHDOOVL]HGWR(1,62DQG,62,WVKDOOEH FRQQHFWHGWRWKHHQGRIGXFW$RXWVLGHWKHIXUQDFHWRGHWHUPLQHWKHYROXPHIORZUDWHRIJDVSDVVLQJ WKURXJKGXFW$GXULQJWKHWHVW7KHPHDVXULQJGHYLFHVKDOOEHFDSDEOHRIPHDVXULQJWRDQDFFXUDF\RI 5HJDUGOHVVRIZKHWKHUYHUWLFDORUKRUL]RQWDOGXFWVDUHEHLQJWHVWHGWKHYROXPHIORZPHDVXULQJ VWDWLRQVKDOODOZD\VEHXVHGLQDKRUL]RQWDORULHQWDWLRQ
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 &RQGHQVLQJXQLW
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
7KLVVKDOOEHLQVWDOOHGEHWZHHQWKHHQGRIGXFW$DQGWKHIORZPHDVXULQJGHYLFHDQGVKDOODOORZIRU GUDLQDJH7KHJDVWHPSHUDWXUHDGMDFHQWWRWKHIORZPHDVXULQJGHYLFHVKDOOEHPHDVXUHGE\DPP VKHDWKHGWKHUPRFRXSOHZLWKDQLQVXODWHGKRWMXQFWLRQDUUDQJHGSRLQWLQJGRZQZDUGVWRDOORZIRU GUDLQLQJPRLVWXUH,WVPHDVXULQJMXQFWLRQVKDOOEHORFDWHGDWWKHFHQWUHOLQHRIWKHPHDVXULQJGXFWDQG DWDGLVWDQFHHTXDOWRWZLFHWKHGLDPHWHURIWKHPHDVXULQJGXFWGRZQVWUHDPIURPWKHIORZPHDVXULQJ GHYLFH7KHWHPSHUDWXUHPHDVXUHGE\WKLVWKHUPRFRXSOHVKDOOQRWH[FHHG & 'DPSHU
7KLVVKDOOEHLQVWDOOHGEHWZHHQWKHIDQDQGWKHYHORFLW\PHDVXULQJVWDWLRQWRVKXWRIIWKHDLUIORZLQ GXFW%GXULQJHYDOXDWLRQRILQWHJULW\LQWKHIDQRIIFRQGLWLRQ 9HORFLW\PHDVXULQJVWDWLRQ
7KLVVKDOOGHWHUPLQHDLUYHORFLW\LQGXFW%DQGVKDOOFRQVLVWRIRQHRUWZRLQOHWQR]]OHVRURWKHU VXLWDEOHGHYLFHLQVWDOOHGLQDVWUDLJKWOHQJWKRISLSHVL]HGWR(1,62DQG,62FRQQHFWHG WRWKHHQGRIERWKWKHYHUWLFDODQGKRUL]RQWDOGXFW%RXWVLGHWKHIXUQDFH (TXLSPHQWIRUPHDVXULQJJDVSUHVVXUH
7KLVVKDOOEHSURYLGHGLQWKHIXUQDFHDQGLQVLGHGXFW$ 7KHUPDOPRYHPHQWPHDVXULQJGHYLFH
7KLVVKDOOEHSURYLGHGIRUPHDVXULQJH[SDQVLRQFRQWUDFWLRQRIGXFW$DQGVKDOOKDYHDQDFFXUDF\RI PP )RUFHPHDVXULQJGHYLFH
7KLVVKDOOEHSURYLGHGIRUPHDVXULQJIRUFHVDWWKHSRLQWRIDSSO\LQJUHVWUDLQWLQGXFW%VHHILJXUH 7HVWFRQGLWLRQV
7KHKHDWLQJFRQGLWLRQVDQGWKHIXUQDFHDWPRVSKHUHVKDOOFRQIRUPWRWKRVHJLYHQLQ(1RULI DSSOLFDEOH(1 7KHIXUQDFHSUHVVXUHVKDOOEHFRQWUROOHGWR3DWKURXJKRXWWKHWHVWDWWKHPLGKHLJKWSRVLWLRQ RIWKHGXFWV 'HWDLOVRIWHVWFRQGLWLRQVZLWKLQWKHGXFWVGXULQJWKHWHVWDUHJLYHQLQFODXVH 7HVWVSHFLPHQ 6L]H *HQHUDO
'XFWVRIVL]HVRWKHUWKDQWKRVHJLYHQLQWDEOHVDQGKDYHUHVWULFWHGWKHGLUHFWILHOGRIDSSOLFDWLRQ VHHFODXVH
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 /HQJWK
7KHPLQLPXPOHQJWKVRIWKHSDUWVRIWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQLQVLGHDQGRXWVLGHWKHIXUQDFHVKDOOEHDVJLYHQ LQWDEOHVHHDOVRILJXUHVDQG 7DEOH0LQLPXPOHQJWKRIWHVWVSHFLPHQ I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
2ULHQWDWLRQ
0LQLPXP OHQJWK P
,QVLGHIXUQDFH
2XWVLGHIXUQDFH
+RUL]RQWDO
9HUWLFDO
&URVVVHFWLRQ
7KHVWDQGDUGVL]HVRIGXFWVJLYHQLQWDEOHVKDOOEHWHVWHGXQOHVVRQO\VPDOOHUFURVVVHFWLRQVDUHXVHG 7DEOH±&URVVVHFWLRQRIWHVWVSHFLPHQ
'XFW
5HFWDQJXODU
&LUFXODU
ZLGWKPP
KHLJKWPP
GLDPHWHUPP
$
%
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 1XPEHU
2QHWHVWVSHFLPHQVKDOOEHWHVWHGIRUHDFKW\SHRILQVWDOODWLRQWREHHYDOXDWHG 'HVLJQ I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
*HQHUDO
7KHWHVWVKDOOEHPDGHRQDWHVWVSHFLPHQUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIWKHFRPSOHWHGXFWDVVHPEO\RQZKLFK LQIRUPDWLRQLVUHTXLUHG7KHHGJHFRQGLWLRQVDQGWKHPHWKRGRIIL[LQJRUVXSSRUWLQVLGHDQGRXWVLGH WKHIXUQDFHVKDOOEHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIWKDWXVHGLQSUDFWLFH 'XFWVVKDOOEHDUUDQJHGDVVKRZQLQILJXUHVDQG 0LQLPXPVHSDUDWLRQ
7KHUHLVQROLPLWWRWKHQXPEHURIGXFWVWKDWPD\EHWHVWHGVLPXOWDQHRXVO\LQWKHVDPHIXUQDFH SURYLGHGWKDWWKHUHLVVXIILFLHQWVSDFHWRGRVRLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKHGLPHQVLRQVVKRZQLQILJXUHV DQG 7KHUHVKDOOEHDVHSDUDWLRQRIPPEHWZHHQWKHWRSRIDKRUL]RQWDOGXFWDQGWKHFHLOLQJ$ PLQLPXPVHSDUDWLRQRIPPVKDOOEHSURYLGHGEHWZHHQWKHXQGHUVLGHRIDKRUL]RQWDOGXFWDQGWKH IORRU6LPLODUO\WKHUHVKDOOEHDPLQLPXPVHSDUDWLRQRIDWOHDVWPPEHWZHHQWKHVLGHVRIGXFWV DQGIXUQDFHZDOOV &RQILJXUDWLRQRIGXFW$KRUL]RQWDORQO\
7KHKRUL]RQWDOGXFW$VKDOOLQFOXGHRQHVKDUSEHQGD7SLHFHDQGDPPORQJOHQJWKRIGXFWWR IRUPDVKRUWEUDQFKGXFWKDYLQJDFURVVVHFWLRQRIPPPPDQGVKDOOEHDUUDQJHGDVVKRZQ LQILJXUH$OOVSHFLPHQVLQFOXGLQJWKLVEUDQFKVKDOOEHPRXQWHGZLWKWKHVXVSHQVLRQRUIL[LQJ GHYLFHVDVZRXOGEHLQWHQGHGLQSUDFWLFH 2SHQLQJVLQGXFW%
7ZRRSHQLQJVVKDOOEHSURYLGHGRQHRQHDFKYHUWLFDOVLGHRIWKHGXFWLQVLGHWKHIXUQDFH)RU KRUL]RQWDOGXFWVWKHRSHQLQJVVKDOOEHSRVLWLRQHGPPIURPWKHIXUQDFHZDOO)RUYHUWLFDO GXFWVWKHRSHQLQJVVKDOOEHSRVLWLRQHGPPEHORZWKHIXUQDFHURRIVHHILJXUHVDQG ,QERWKYHUWLFDODQGKRUL]RQWDOGXFWVWKHRSHQLQJVVKDOOKDYHWKHVDPHEUHDGWKKHLJKWUDWLR DVWKH FURVVVHFWLRQRIWKHGXFWDQGKDYHDWRWDORSHQLQJDUHDRIRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQDODUHDRIWKH GXFWLHHDFKRSHQLQJVKDOOKDYHDQDUHDRIRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQDODUHDRIWKHGXFW -RLQWVLQKRUL]RQWDOGXFWV
7KHWHVWFRQILJXUDWLRQVKDOOLQFOXGHDWOHDVWRQHMRLQWLQVLGHWKHIXUQDFHDQGDWOHDVWRQHMRLQWRXWVLGHLW 7KHUHVKDOOEHDWOHDVWRQHMRLQWHYHU\OD\HURIILUHSURWHFWLRQPDWHULDOERWKLQVLGHDQGRXWVLGHWKH IXUQDFHDQGLQDQ\VWHHOGXFW 2XWVLGHWKHIXUQDFHWKHMRLQWLQWKHRXWHUOD\HURIWKHILUHSURWHFWLRQPDWHULDOVKDOOEHQRIXUWKHUWKDQ PPIURPWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGQRQHDUHUWKDQPPWRWKHUPRFRXSOHV 7 ,QVLGHWKH IXUQDFHWKHMRLQWLQWKHRXWHUOD\HURIILUHSURWHFWLRQPDWHULDOVKDOOEHORFDWHGDWDSSUR[LPDWHO\PLG VSDQ
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 7KHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQMRLQWVDQGVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVVKDOOQRWEHOHVVWKDQWKDWXVHGLQSUDFWLFH,IWKH PLQLPXPGLVWDQFHKDVQRWEHHQVSHFLILHGVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVVKDOOEHDUUDQJHGVRWKDWWKHMRLQWDW PLGVSDQOLHVPLGZD\EHWZHHQWKHP&HQWUHVRIWKHVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVVKDOOEHVSHFLILHGE\WKH PDQXIDFWXUHUDQGVKDOOEHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRISUDFWLFH I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
-RLQWVLQYHUWLFDOGXFWV
7KHWHVWFRQILJXUDWLRQVKDOOLQFOXGHDWOHDVWRQHMRLQWLQVLGHDQGRQHMRLQWRXWVLGHLWVHHILJXUH 7KHUHVKDOOEHDWOHDVWRQHMRLQWIRUHYHU\OD\HURIILUHSURWHFWLRQPDWHULDOERWKLQVLGHDQGRXWVLGHWKH IXUQDFHDQGLQDQ\VWHHOGXFW 2XWVLGHWKHIXUQDFHWKHMRLQWLQWKHRXWHUOD\HURIWKHILUHSURWHFWLRQPDWHULDOVKDOOEHQRIXUWKHUWKDQ PPIURPWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGQRQHDUHUWKDQPPWRWKHUPRFRXSOHV 7 ,QVLGHWKH IXUQDFHWKHMRLQWLQWKHRXWHUOD\HURIILUHSURWHFWLRQPDWHULDOVKDOOEHORFDWHGDWDSSUR[LPDWHO\PLG VSDQ 6XSSRUWIRUYHUWLFDOGXFWV
7KHVHVKDOOEHVXSSRUWHGRQWKHIXUQDFHIORRUDQGSHQHWUDWHWKURXJKWKHIXUQDFHURRIVODEVXSSRUWLQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQVHHILJXUHWKHGXFWVVKDOOEHIL[HGDWWKHIXUQDFHURRIOHYHODVWKH\ZRXOGEHIL[HGLQ SUDFWLFHZKHQSHQHWUDWLQJDIORRU7KLVVKDOOEHDVVSHFLILHGE\WKHVSRQVRU &RPSHQVDWRUV
2QO\ZKHUHFRPSHQVDWRUVDUHXVHGLQSUDFWLFHVKDOOWKH\EHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQ:KHUHD FRPSHQVDWRULVWREHWHVWHGLWVKDOOEHORFDWHGZLWKLQWKHIXUQDFHIRUGXFW$DQGIRUGXFW%RXWVLGHWKH IXUQDFHDSSUR[LPDWHO\PPIURPWKHZDOORUIORRU 6WHHOGXFWV
:KHUHVWHHOGXFWVDUHXVHGWKHVHVKDOOKDYHFODVV$OHDNDJHLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKSU(1 ,QVWDOODWLRQRIWHVWVSHFLPHQ *HQHUDO
7KHWHVWVSHFLPHQVKDOOEHLQVWDOOHGDVIDUDVSRVVLEOHLQDPDQQHUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRILWVXVHLQSUDFWLFH 7KHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQVHOHFWHGVKDOOEHDZDOOSDUWLWLRQRUIORRURIWKHW\SHWREHXVHGLQ SUDFWLFHDQGVKDOOKDYHDILUHUHVLVWDQFHJUHDWHUWKDQWKHUHTXLUHGILUHUHVLVWDQFHRIWKHGXFWEHLQJ WHVWHG :KHUHWKHGXFWSDVVHVWKURXJKDQRSHQLQJLQWKHIXUQDFHZDOORUURRIWKHQWKHRSHQLQJVKDOOEHRI VXIILFLHQWGLPHQVLRQVWRDOORZIRUWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQWRVXUURXQGDOOIDFHVRIWKHGXFWE\DW OHDVWPP 6WDQGDUGVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ
:KHUHWKHW\SHRIVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQWREHXVHGLQSUDFWLFHLVQRWNQRZQWKHQRQHRIWKHVWDQGDUG VXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQVLQWDEOHVWRVKDOOEHXVHG
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 7DEOH6WDQGDUGULJLGZDOOFRQVWUXFWLRQV
7\SHRI FRQVWUXFWLRQ I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
1RUPDOFRQFUHWH PDVRQU\
7KLFNQHVV PP
'HQVLW\ NJP
7HVWGXUDWLRQW K
W
<W
<W
W
<W
$HUDWHGFRQFUHWH
7KLVVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQPD\EHPDGHIURPEORFNVERQGHGWRJHWKHUZLWKPRUWDURUDGKHVLYH 7DEOH6WDQGDUGIOH[LEOHZDOOFRQVWUXFWLRQVJ\SVXPSODVWHUERDUGW\SH)WR(1
)LUHUHVLVWDQFH PLQXWHV
:DOOFRQVWUXFWLRQV
1XPEHURIOD\HUV 7KLFNQHVV ,QVXODWLRQ RQHDFKVLGH PP ' r 'LVWKHWKLFNQHVVLQPPRIPLQHUDOZRROLQVXODWLRQLQVLGHWKHZDOO r LVWKHGHQVLW\LQNJPñRIPLQHUDOZRROLQVXODWLRQLQVLGHWKHZDOO
%6,
¸
7KLFNQHVVPP
3DJH (1 7DEOH6WDQGDUGIORRUFRQVWUXFWLRQV
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
7\SHRI FRQVWUXFWLRQ
7KLFNQHVV PP
'HQVLW\ NJP
< W
< W
1RUPDOFRQFUHWH
$HUDWHGFRQFUHWH
7HVWGXUDWLRQW K
W
W
< W
1RQVWDQGDUGVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQV
:KHQWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQLVLQWHQGHGWREHXVHGLQDIRUPRIFRQVWUXFWLRQQRWFRYHUHGE\WKHVWDQGDUG VXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQVLWVKDOOEHWHVWHGLQWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQLQZKLFKLWLVLQWHQGHGWREH XVHG 5HVWUDLQWRIGXFWV ,QVLGHWKHIXUQDFH
$OOGXFWVVKDOOEHIXOO\UHVWUDLQHGLQDOOGLUHFWLRQVDWWKHIXUQDFHZDOORUIORRUUHPRWHIURPWKH SHQHWUDWLRQSRLQW:KHUHWKHUHLVDSRVVLELOLW\RIWKHIXUQDFHZDOOPRYLQJWKHQWKHIL[LQJVVKDOOEH PDGHLQGHSHQGHQWO\RIWKHIXUQDFHVWUXFWXUH $WWKHSHQHWUDWLRQSRLQW
:KHUHLQSUDFWLFHWKHGXFWLVIL[HGDWIORRUOHYHOWKHQERWKYHUWLFDOGXFWV$DQG%DUHWREHIL[HG ZKHUHWKHGXFWSHQHWUDWHVWKHIXUQDFHURRIVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQDVVSHFLILHGE\WKHVSRQVRU 2XWVLGHWKHIXUQDFH
2QO\KRUL]RQWDOGXFW%LVWREHUHVWUDLQHGRXWVLGHWKHIXUQDFH7KHUHVWUDLQLQJSRLQWVKDOOEHORFDWHGDW DSRVLWLRQPPIURPWKHIXUQDFHZDOODQGVKDOOSURYLGHUHVWUDLQWRQPRYHPHQWLQ KRUL]RQWDOGLUHFWLRQVEXWVKDOODOORZPRYHPHQWLQYHUWLFDOGLUHFWLRQVVHHILJXUH7KHIUDPHXVHGWR DSSO\WKHUHVWUDLQWVKDOOEHULJLGDQGKDYHVXIILFLHQWVWUHQJWKWRUHVLVWDOOKRUL]RQWDOIRUFHV$OORWKHU GXFWVVKDOOEHXQUHVWUDLQHGRXWVLGHWKHIXUQDFH &ORVXUH
7KHHQGRIWKHGXFWVZLWKLQWKHIXUQDFHDQGWKHHQGRIDQ\EUDQFKGXFWDWWDFKHGVKDOOEHFORVHG LQGHSHQGHQWO\RIDQ\IXUQDFHHQFORVXUHE\PDWHULDOVDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQVLPLODUWRWKHUHPDLQGHURIWKH GXFW
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 )LUHVWRSSLQJ
7KHILUHVWRSSLQJDWWKHSHQHWUDWLRQWKURXJKWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQVKDOOEHDVLQWHQGHGLQ SUDFWLFH,IWKHZLGWKRIWKHJDSIRUILUHVWRSSLQJDURXQGWKHGXFWDWWKHIXUQDFHSHQHWUDWLRQSRLQWLVQRW VSHFLILHGDZLGWKRIPPVKDOOEHXVHG I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
8QVXSSRUWHGYHUWLFDOGXFWV
:KHUHLQSUDFWLFHYHUWLFDOGXFWVDUHQRWIL[HGWRHDFKIORRUWKHQWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQVKDOOEHVXLWDEO\ ORDGHGWRVLPXODWHWKHZHLJKWRIWKHUHPDLQLQJKHLJKWRIXQVXSSRUWHGGXFWLQJ &RQGLWLRQLQJ *HQHUDO
&RQGLWLRQLQJRIWKHWHVWFRQVWUXFWLRQVKDOOEHLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK(1 +\JURVFRSLFVHDOLQJPDWHULDOV
+\JURVFRSLFPDWHULDOVXVHGWRVHDOWKHJDSEHWZHHQWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGWKHGXFWZKHUH WKHJDSLVPPZLGHVKDOOEHFRQGLWLRQHGIRUVHYHQGD\VEHIRUHILUHWHVWLQJ +\JURVFRSLFPDWHULDOVXVHGWRVHDOWKHJDSEHWZHHQWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGWKHGXFWDVVHPEO\ ZKHUHWKHJDSLV!PPZLGHVKDOOEHFRQGLWLRQHGIRUGD\VEHIRUHILUHWHVWLQJ $SSOLFDWLRQRILQVWUXPHQWDWLRQ 7KHUPRFRXSOHV )XUQDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVSODWHWKHUPRPHWHUV
3ODWHWKHUPRPHWHUVVKDOOEHSURYLGHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK(1DQGVKDOOEHSRVLWLRQHGDVVKRZQ LQILJXUHDQG )RUDOOGXFWVWKHSODWHWKHUPRPHWHUVVKDOOEHRULHQWHGVRWKDWVLGHµ$¶IDFHVWKHZDOOVRIWKHIXUQDFH RSSRVLWHWKHGXFWVEHLQJHYDOXDWHG 8QH[SRVHGVXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHV *HQHUDO
7KHWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQVVKDOOEHPHDVXUHGZLWKWKHUPRFRXSOHVDVGHVFULEHGLQ(1 7KHSRVLWLRQRIWKHUPRFRXSOHVDWWKHSRLQWRISHQHWUDWLRQRIWKHGXFWWKURXJKWKHZDOORUIORRULV VKRZQLQILJXUHVWRIRUDQXPEHURIGLIIHUHQWSHQHWUDWLRQGHWDLOV$WOHDVWRQHWKHUPRFRXSOHRI HDFKW\SHVKDOOEHSRVLWLRQHGRQHDFKVLGHRIDUHFWDQJXODUGXFW 0D[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHULVH
$GGLWLRQDOWKHUPRFRXSOHV7 IRUGHWHUPLQLQJPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHULVHVKDOOEHORFDWHGLQSRVLWLRQV RQWKHRXWHUVXUIDFHRIWKHILUHSURWHFWLRQPDWHULDOWRFRLQFLGHZLWKDOOMRLQWVLQQHUOD\HUMRLQWVDOVR
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 .LWFKHQH[WUDFWGXFWVFRPEXVWLEOHOLQLQJV
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
)RUNLWFKHQH[WUDFWGXFWVRUZKHUHFRPEXVWLEOHLQWHUQDOOLQLQJVDUHXVHGIRXUDGGLWLRQDO WKHUPRFRXSOHVUHIHUHQFH7 VKDOOEHIL[HGLQVLGHGXFW$DWDSRVLWLRQRIDSSUR[LPDWHO\PLGVSDQ ZLWKLQWKHSDUWRIWKHGXFWH[SRVHGZLWKLQWKHIXUQDFH7KHWKHUPRFRXSOHVVKDOOEHIL[HGWRWKHLQVLGH IDFHRIWKHGXFWDWWKHORFDWLRQVVKRZQLQILJXUH7KHWKHUPRFRXSOHVVKDOOQRWFRLQFLGHZLWKMRLQWV RUFRYHUVWULSV &RPSHQVDWLQJGHYLFHV
:KHUHFRPSHQVDWLQJGHYLFHVKDYHEHHQLQFRUSRUDWHGWKHUPRFRXSOHVVKDOOEHORFDWHGRQWKHRXWHU VXUIDFHRIWKHFRPSHQVDWRULQGXFW%7KHVHVKDOOEHXVHGWRFKHFNFRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKHPD[LPXP WHPSHUDWXUHULVHOLPLWVRQO\ 6XVSHQVLRQGHYLFH
:KHUHVWHHOVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVDUHSURWHFWHGWKHQWKHLUWHPSHUDWXUHVVKDOOEHPHDVXUHG$ WKHUPRFRXSOHVKDOOEHSRVLWLRQHGRQHDFKFRPSRQHQWRIDWOHDVWWZRVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHV\VWHPV 3UHVVXUH
)XUQDFHSUHVVXUHVKDOOEHPHDVXUHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK(1DQGWKHSUHVVXUHSUREHVORFDWHGDW DSRVLWLRQPPEHORZWKHURRIRIWKHIXUQDFH 7HVWSURFHGXUH *HQHUDO
7KHWHVWVKDOOEHFDUULHGRXWXVLQJWKHHTXLSPHQWDQGSURFHGXUHVLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK(1DQGLI DSSOLFDEOH(1 &RQWURORIFRQGLWLRQVWRSHUPLWDVVHVVPHQWRILQWHJULW\ 'XFW$
&RQWUROWKHXQGHUSUHVVXUHLQVLGHGXFW$VHHILJXUHVDQGWR3DEHORZWKHDPELHQW ODERUDWRU\SUHVVXUHDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHWHVWDQGPDLQWDLQLWDWWKLVYDOXHWKURXJKRXWWKHWHVW 'XFW%
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
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 7HVWPHDVXUHPHQWVDQGREVHUYDWLRQV ,QWHJULW\ )RUGXFWV$DQG%LQFOXGLQJZKHUHWKHGXFWVSDVVWKURXJKWKHZDOORUIORRU I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
(YDOXDWHWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQIRULQWHJULW\DVJLYHQLQ(17DEOHVXPPDUL]HVWKHHYDOXDWLRQ UHTXLUHGWRDVVHVVLQWHJULW\ 7DEOH6XPPDU\RIDSSURSULDWHLQWHJULW\HYDOXDWLRQ
'XFW
:LWKLQ )XUQDFH
2XWVLGH)XUQDFH
'XFW$ )LUHRXWVLGHGXFW
9ROXPHIORZUDWH
9ROXPH)ORZ5DWH &RWWRQ3DG 2SHQLQJV )ODPLQJ
'XFW% )LUHLQVLGHGXFW
&RWWRQ3DG 2SHQLQJV )ODPLQJ
)RUGXFW$RQO\
5HFRUGWKHSUHVVXUHGLIIHUHQWLDODFURVVWKHYHQWXULRULILFHSODWHHWFDWQRWPRUHWKDQWZRPLQXWH LQWHUYDOVWKURXJKRXWWKHWHVW &DOFXODWHWKHOHDNDJHIURPWKHUHFRUGHGSUHVVXUHGLIIHUHQWLDOIURPWKHYHQWXULRULILFHSODWHHWFXVLQJ WKHIRUPXODHIRUYROXPHIORZUDWHVJLYHQLQ(1,62DQG,62 ,QVXODWLRQ
0HDVXUHWKHDYHUDJHDQGPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHVRIWKHXQH[SRVHGIDFHVRIWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQVDV VSHFLILHGLQ(18VHDURYLQJWKHUPRFRXSOHWRORFDWHSRLQWVRIKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHQRWFRYHUHG E\WKHIL[HGWKHUPRFRXSOHVDWORFDWLRQVZKHUHWKHGXFWLVRXWVLGHWKHIXUQDFHRQO\ 5HVWUDLQWIRUFHVDQGWKHUPDOHORQJDWLRQRUVKRUWHQLQJ
0HDVXUHDQGUHFRUGWKHUHVWUDLQWIRUFHLQKRUL]RQWDOGXFW%RQWKHRXWHUVXUIDFHVHHILJXUHDWWKH SRLQWRIDSSOLFDWLRQRIWKHUHVWUDLQWRXWVLGHWKHIXUQDFH 0HDVXUHDQGUHFRUGWKHWKHUPDOHORQJDWLRQRUVKRUWHQLQJRIKRUL]RQWDOGXFW$VHHILJXUHDWWKH SHQHWUDWLRQSRLQW 0HDVXUHWKHUHVWUDLQWIRUFHVLQGXFW%XVLQJWKHGHYLFHGHVFULEHGLQ,QGXFW$PHDVXUHWKHUPDO PRYHPHQWXVLQJWKHWUDQVGXFHUVSHFLILHGLQ
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 $GGLWLRQDOREVHUYDWLRQV
7KURXJKRXWWKHWHVWPDNHREVHUYDWLRQVRIDOOFKDQJHVDQGRFFXUUHQFHVZKLFKGRQRWDIIHFWWKH SHUIRUPDQFHFULWHULDEXWZKLFKFRXOGFUHDWHKD]DUGVLQDEXLOGLQJLQFOXGLQJIRUH[DPSOH
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
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
7HUPLQDWHWKHWHVWIRUWKHUHDVRQVJLYHQLQ(1 3HUIRUPDQFHFULWHULD ,QWHJULW\
,QWHJULW\IDLOXUHVKDOOEHGHHPHGWRKDYHRFFXUUHGLIDQ\RIWKHIROORZLQJDUHREVHUYHG DLQWHJULW\IDLOXUHDVGHILQHGLQ(1 EWKHYROXPHIORZUDWHPHDVXUHGLQGXFW$H[FHHGVPPKDWQRUPDOWHPSHUDWXUHDQG SUHVVXUHUHODWHGWRWKHLQWHUQDOVXUIDFHDUHDRIWKHGXFWLQVLGHWKHIXUQDFH ,QVXODWLRQ *HQHUDO
,QVXODWLRQIDLOXUHVKDOOEHDVGHILQHGLQ(1 2QO\WKHUPRFRXSOHV7 VKDOOEHXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHDYHUDJHWHPSHUDWXUHULVH7KHUPRFRXSOHV7 7 7 VDQGWKHURYLQJWKHUPRFRXSOHVKDOOEHXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHULVH .LWFKHQH[WUDFWDQGGXFWVZLWKLQWHUQDOFRPEXVWLEOHOLQLQJVRQO\
,QVXODWLRQIDLOXUHVKDOOEHDVGHILQHGLQ(1 7KHUPRFRXSOHV7 VKDOODOVREHXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHDYHUDJHDQGPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHULVH 6PRNHOHDNDJH
)DLOXUHRIWKLVFULWHULRQVKDOOKDYHRFFXUUHGLIWKHIORZUDWHLQGXFW$GXULQJWKHWHVWH[FHHGV PPKDWQRUPDOWHPSHUDWXUHDQGSUHVVXUHUHODWHGWRWKHLQWHUQDOVXUIDFHDUHDRIWKHGXFWLQVLGH WKHIXUQDFH
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 7HVWUHSRUW
,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHLWHPVUHTXLUHGE\(1WKHIROORZLQJVKDOODOVREHLQFOXGHGLQWKHWHVWUHSRUW DDUHIHUHQFHWKDWWKHWHVWZDVFDUULHGRXWLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK(1 I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
EWKHQXPEHURIVLGHVRIWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQVH[SRVHGWRILUHLQWKHIXUQDFH FWKHPHWKRGRIIL[LQJVXSSRUWDQGPRXQWLQJDVDSSURSULDWHIRUWKHW\SHRIWHVWVSHFLPHQ GDGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHPHWKRGDQGPDWHULDOVXVHGWRVHDOWKHJDSEHWZHHQWKHGXFWDQG RSHQLQJSURYLGHGLQWKHZDOORUIORRUWRDFFRPPRGDWHWKHGXFW HWKHGHWDLOVRIWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGZKHUHYHUWLFDOGXFWVDUHORDGHGWKHQXPEHU RIVWRUH\VWKDWWKLVUHSUHVHQWV IDJUDSKRIWKHIRUFHUHFRUGHGDWWKHUHVWUDLQWSRLQWLQKRUL]RQWDOGXFW%DJDLQVWWLPH JWKHWKHUPDOHORQJDWLRQRUVKRUWHQLQJRIKRUL]RQWDOGXFW$ KRWKHUREVHUYDWLRQVPDGHGXULQJWKHWHVWDFFRUGLQJWRLQFOXGLQJDFRPSOHWHUHFRUGRI WKHIROORZLQJWHVWSDUDPHWHUVDVDIXQFWLRQRIWLPH LYROXPHIORZPHDVXULQJVWDWLRQJDVWHPSHUDWXUHV LLFDOFXODWHGYROXPHIORZUDWH LSHUIRUPDQFHDFKLHYHGLQUHODWLRQWR MZKHUHVWHHOGXFWVDUHXVHGWKHWKLFNQHVVOHDNDJHFODVVWRSU(1DQGZKHWKHUDQ\ H[WHUQDOVWLIIHQLQJRULQWHUQDOVWLIIHQHUVZHUHLQFRUSRUDWHG )LHOGRIGLUHFWDSSOLFDWLRQRIWHVWUHVXOWV *HQHUDO
7KHILHOGRIGLUHFWDSSOLFDWLRQRQO\FRYHUVFLUFXODUDQGIRXUVLGHGGXFWV 9HUWLFDODQGKRUL]RQWDOGXFWV
$WHVWUHVXOWREWDLQHGIRUKRUL]RQWDOGXFWV$DQG%LVDSSOLFDEOHWRKRUL]RQWDOGXFWVRQO\ $WHVWUHVXOWREWDLQHGIRUYHUWLFDOGXFWV$DQG%LVDSSOLFDEOHWRYHUWLFDOGXFWVZLWKRXWEUDQFK $WHVWRQKRUL]RQWDOGXFW$ZKLFKLQFOXGHVDEUDQFKGXFWDOVRFRYHUVWKHXVHRIEUDQFKHVRQ SUHYLRXVO\WHVWHGYHUWLFDOGXFWV
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 6L]HVRIGXFWV
$WHVWUHVXOWREWDLQHGIRUWKHVWDQGDUGVL]HVRIGXFW$DQGGXFW%VSHFLILHGLQWDEOHVDQGLV DSSOLFDEOHWRDOOGLPHQVLRQVXSWRWKHVL]HWHVWHGWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHLQFUHDVHVJLYHQLQWDEOH I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
7DEOH,QFUHDVHLQGLPHQVLRQVRIVWDQGDUGVL]HGXFWVSHUPLWWHGXQGHUGLUHFWDSSOLFDWLRQ
5HFWDQJXODU ZLGWKPP
5HFWDQJXODU KHLJKWPP
&LUFXODU GLDPHWHUPP
'XFW$
'XFW%
)RUGXFWVWHVWHGDWDVL]HRWKHUWKDQWKRVHVSHFLILHGLQFODXVHQRH[WUDSRODWLRQWRODUJHUVL]HVLV DOORZHG+RZHYHUDOOVPDOOHUVL]HVDUHFRYHUHG )RUGXFWVWHVWHGODUJHUWKDQWKHDOORZDEOHXSSHUOLPLWVIRUH[WUDSRODWLRQQRH[WUDSRODWLRQWRODUJHU VL]HVLVDOORZHG ,IDQLQGHSHQGHQWSURWHFWLRQV\VWHPLVXVHGWKHLQWHUQDOGLPHQVLRQVRIWKHSURWHFWLRQV\VWHPVKDOOEH XVHGWRYDOLGDWHWKHILHOGRIDSSOLFDWLRQ 3UHVVXUHGLIIHUHQFH $WHVWUHVXOWREWDLQHGIRUWKHVWDQGDUGXQGHUSUHVVXUHRI3DLQGXFW$LVDSSOLFDEOHWRDQ
XQGHUSUHVVXUHDQGDQRYHUSUHVVXUHXSWRWKHVDPHYDOXHSURYLGLQJWKDWWKHLQWHJULW\FULWHULDGXULQJWKH GXFW%WHVWZDVVDWLVILHG $WHVWUHVXOWREWDLQHGIRUDKLJKHUXQGHUSUHVVXUHPLQLPXP3DLQGXFW$LVDSSOLFDEOHWR
DQXQGHUSUHVVXUHXSWRWKHWHVWHGXQGHUSUHVVXUHDQGWRDQRYHUSUHVVXUHRI3DSURYLGLQJWKDWWKH LQWHJULW\FULWHULDGXULQJWKHGXFW%WHVWZDVVDWLVILHG:KHUHKLJKHURYHUSUHVVXUHVDUHSRVVLEOHDQ DGGLWLRQDOWHVWPD\EHQHHGHG*XLGDQFHLVJLYHQLQ$ +HLJKWRIYHUWLFDOGXFWV 'XFWVVXSSRUWHGDWHDFKVWRUH\
7KHWHVWUHVXOWVDUHDSSOLFDEOHWRDQ\QXPEHURIVWRUH\VSURYLGHG LWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQVGRHVQRWH[FHHGP LLOLPLWDWLRQVRQEXFNOLQJDUHVDWLVILHGVHH
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 6HOIORDGEHDULQJGXFWV
7HVWUHVXOWVREWDLQHGIURPGXFWVZLWKDGGLWLRQDOORDGDUHDSSOLFDEOHWRGXFWVZLWKDQRYHUDOOKHLJKW FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHORDGDSSOLHGLQWKHILUHWHVW/LPLWDWLRQVRQEXFNOLQJVKDOODOVREHVDWLVILHGVHH I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
/LPLWDWLRQVRQEXFNOLQJ
,QRUGHUWRSUHYHQWGDPDJHWRWKHILUHSURWHFWLRQRIPDWHULDOIURPEXFNOLQJRIYHUWLFDOGXFWVWKHWHVW UHVXOWVDUHRQO\DSSOLFDEOHWRVLWXDWLRQVZKHUHWKHUDWLREHWZHHQWKHOHQJWKRIWKHGXFWH[SRVHGLQWKH FRPSDUWPHQWWRWKHVPDOOHVWODWHUDOGLPHQVLRQDFURVVWKHRXWVLGHIDFHRIWKHGXFWRURXWHUGLDPHWHU GRHVQRWH[FHHGXQOHVVDGGLWLRQDOVXSSRUWVDUHSURYLGHG ,QFDVHVZKHUHDGGLWLRQDOVXSSRUWVDUHSURYLGHGWKHUDWLRRIWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHDGGLWLRQDO VXSSRUWVRUWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHVXSSRUWVDQGWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQWRWKHVPDOOHVWODWHUDO GLPHQVLRQDFURVVWKHRXWVLGHIDFHRIWKHGXFWRURXWHUGLDPHWHUVKDOOQRWH[FHHG 6XVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVIRUKRUL]RQWDOGXFWV $VWKHWHVWFRQILJXUDWLRQGRHVQRWDOORZDQDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHORDGEHDULQJFDSDFLW\WKH
VXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVVKDOOEHPDGHRIVWHHODQGEHVL]HGVXFKWKDWWKHFDOFXODWHGVWUHVVHVGRQRWH[FHHG WKHYDOXHVJLYHQLQWDEOH 7DEOH0D[LPXPYDOXHVRIVWUHVVHV LQVXVSHQVLRQ GHYLFHVGHSHQGLQJRQGXUDWLRQRIILUHUHVLVWDQFHW
7\SH RI ORDG
0D[LPXP VWUHVVHV 1PP
W PLQ
PLQ< W PLQ
7HQVLOHVWUHVVLQDOOYHUWLFDOO\ RULHQWDWHGFRPSRQHQWV
6KHDULQJVWUHVVLQVFUHZVRI SURSHUW\FODVVDFFRUGLQJWR (1
1RWH6WUHVVLVFDOFXODWHGIURPVXSSRUWHGORDGRQO\DQGLJQRUHVDVVHPEO\VWUHVVHV 7KHHORQJDWLRQLQPPRIWKHVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVRIWKHWHVWGXFWVFDQEHFDOFXODWHGRQWKHEDVLV
RIWHPSHUDWXUHLQFUHDVHVDQGVWUHVVOHYHOV)RUXQSURWHFWHGVWHHOVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVWKHWHPSHUDWXUH XVHGVKDOOEHWKHPD[LPXPIXUQDFHWHPSHUDWXUH)RUSURWHFWHGVWHHOVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVWKHPD[LPXP UHFRUGHGVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHWHPSHUDWXUHVKDOOEHXVHG7KHYDOXHFDOFXODWHGUHSUHVHQWVWKHHORQJDWLRQ OLPLWIRUVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVZLWKDJUHDWHUOHQJWKWKDQLQWKHWHVW 1RWH)RUXQSURWHFWHGVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVRIDSSUR[LPDWHO\POHQJWKDQHORQJDWLRQRI
PPFDQEHH[SHFWHGGHSHQGLQJRQWKHILUHUHVLVWDQFHSHULRG %6,
¸
3DJH (1 7KHODUJHVWGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVXVHGLQWKHWHVWFRQVWUXFWLRQFDQQRWEH
H[FHHGHG ,IVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHVKDYHEHHQXVHGDWDOOMRLQWVZLWKLQWKHIXUQDFHWKHQVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHV
VKDOOEHORFDWHGDWDOOMRLQWVLQSUDFWLFH I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
,QFDVHVZKHUHWKHODWHUDOGLPHQVLRQEHWZHHQWKHRXWHUYHUWLFDOVXUIDFHRIWKHGXFWDQGWKH
FHQWUHOLQHRIWKHVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHLVOHVVWKDQPPWKHWHVWUHVXOWVKDOODSSO\XSWRPP,ILWLV WHVWHGDWJUHDWHUWKDQPPWKHQLWLVYDOLGXSWRWKHGLVWDQFHWHVWHG 7KHKRUL]RQWDOORDGEHDULQJFRPSRQHQWRIWKHVXVSHQVLRQGHYLFHV\VWHPVKDOOEHVL]HGVRWKDW
WKHEHQGLQJVWUHVVGRHVQRWH[FHHGWKDWDSSOLHGWRWKHHTXLYDOHQWPHPEHULQWKHWHVW 6XSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ
$WHVWUHVXOWREWDLQHGIRUDILUHUHVLVWLQJGXFWSDVVLQJWKURXJKDVWDQGDUGVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQVHH WDEOHVWRLVDSSOLFDEOHWRDVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQZLWKDILUHUHVLVWDQFHHTXDOWRRUJUHDWHUWKDQ WKDWRIWKHVWDQGDUGVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQXVHGIRUWKHWHVWWKLFNHUGHQVHUPRUHOD\HUVRIERDUGDV DSSURSULDWH 6WHHOGXFWV
7KHWHVWUHVXOWVVKDOODSSO\WRWKRVHGXFWVKDYLQJORZHUOHDNDJHYDOXHVSURYLGHGWKDWWKHVWHHOGXFW WHVWHGUHSUHVHQWVWKHKLJKHVWOHDNDJHYDOXHFODVV$SU(1 7HVWUHVXOWVRQDVWHHOGXFWWKDWKDVEHHQVWLIIHQHGVKDOORQO\DSSO\WRGXFWVWKDWDUHDOVRVWLIIHQHGLQD VLPLODUPDQQHU 7KHDSSOLFDELOLW\RIUHVXOWVWRGXFWVRIORZHUOHDNDJHYDOXHVRQO\DSSOLHVZKHQWKHORZHUOHDNDJHUDWH LVQRWDFKLHYHGE\PHDQVRIFRPEXVWLEOHVHDOV
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 $11(;$,1)250$7,9( *(1(5$/*8,'$1&(
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
$*HQHUDO
7KHIROORZLQJH[SODQDWRU\QRWHVDUHLQWHQGHGWRVHUYHDVJXLGDQFHIRUWKHSODQQLQJSHUIRUPDQFHDQG UHSRUWLQJRIDILUHUHVLVWDQFHWHVWFDUULHGRXWLQFRQIRUPLW\ZLWKWKLV(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUG $1RWHVRQDSSDUDWXV $9ROXPHIORZPHDVXULQJVWDWLRQ
$FRQGHQVLQJGHYLFHKDVEHHQLQFOXGHGDVWKHJDVIORZPHDVXUHPHQWVFDQEHDIIHFWHGE\WKHSUHVHQFH RIVWHDP7KHFRQWHQWRIVWHDPLVGHSHQGHQWRQWKHPDWHULDOXVHGLQWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQ7KHXVHRID FRQGHQVLQJGHYLFHVKRXOGH[FOXGHWKHLQIOXHQFHRIVWHDP 7RHQVXUHWKDWWKHFRQGHQVLQJGHYLFHPHHWVWKLVREMHFWLYHDUHTXLUHPHQWKDVEHHQLQWURGXFHGWKDWWKH WHPSHUDWXUHDWWKHPHDVXULQJGHYLFHVKRXOGQRWH[FHHG &,WLVIRUWKHWHVWODERUDWRU\WRSURYLGHD FRQGHQVLQJGHYLFHRIDGHTXDWHFDSDFLW\WRPHHWWKLVUHTXLUHPHQW $([WUDFWLRQIDQ
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
7KHWHVWVSHFLPHQVKRXOGEHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIGXFWLQVWDOODWLRQVLQSUDFWLFH 7KHFURVVVHFWLRQVL]HVKDYHEHHQVHOHFWHGWRFRYHUWKHPRVWFRPPRQVL]HVRIGXFWVXVHGLQDLU GLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHPV ,WLVUHFRPPHQGHGWKDWGXFWVVKRXOGEHWHVWHGZLWKFRPSHQVDWRUVZKHUHH[SDQVLRQRUFRQWUDFWLRQLV OLNHO\WREHVLJQLILFDQW7KLVPHDQVWKDWMRLQWVVXVSHQVLRQDQGIL[LQJGHYLFHVEROWVHWFVKRXOGEH %6,
¸
3DJH (1 LQFOXGHGDQGPRXQWHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKHPDQXIDFWXUHUVLQVWUXFWLRQV7KHGLVWDQFHVHSDUDWLQJ MRLQWVDQGWKHVSDQEHWZHHQVXSSRUWVVKRXOGEHVXIILFLHQWWRHQDEOHLQWHUSRODWLRQZLWKLQDUDQJHRI RWKHUVPDOOHUGLPHQVLRQVWREHPDGH
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
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
'XULQJILUHH[SRVXUHWKHGXFWVFDQH[SDQGRUVKULQNGXHWRKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHV7KLVPD\FDXVH SUHPDWXUHIDLOXUHRIDQRQORDGEHDULQJOLJKWZHLJKWSDUWLWLRQLIWKHGXFWLVIL[HGWRLWRUEXWWVDJDLQVWLW 7KHH[SDQVLRQRUFRQWUDFWLRQRIWKHGXFWZLOODSSO\DIRUFHWRWKHVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ $(IIHFWRQMRLQWVDWWDFKPHQWVHWF
'XULQJDILUHWHVWMRLQWVDWWDFKPHQWGHYLFHVDQGDUHSUHVHQWDWLYHZDOORUIORRUZLWKILUHVWRSSLQJDUH FRQVLGHUHGDVEHLQJSDUWVRIWKHGXFWV\VWHPEHLQJHYDOXDWHG$OWHUQDWLYHMRLQWVDWWDFKPHQWGHYLFHV ILUHVWRSSLQJHWFVKRXOGQRWEHXVHGXQOHVVLWFDQEHVKRZQWKDWWKHSHUIRUPDQFHLQUHVSHFWWR LQWHJULW\ZLOOQRWEHZRUVHDQGWKDWWKHIRUFHRQWKHZDOORUIORRUUHVXOWLQJIURPH[SDQVLRQRU FRQWUDFWLRQZLOOQRWEHJUHDWHU $5HVWUDLQW
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
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 ,IDQLQGHSHQGHQWVWUXFWXUHLVXVHGWKDWUHTXLUHVWKHVHDOHGHQGRIWKHGXFWWRSDVVWKURXJKWKHZDOORI WKHIXUQDFHDQ\VHDOVSURYLGHGEHWZHHQWKHGXFWDQGWKHIXUQDFHZDOOIRUWKLVSXUSRVHDUHQRWVXEMHFW WRHYDOXDWLRQDJDLQVWWKHFULWHULDRILQWHJULW\RULQVXODWLRQ $1RWHVRQWHVWFRQGLWLRQV I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
$7HPSHUDWXUHWLPHGHYHORSPHQW
,IWKHYHQWLODWLRQGXFWVDUHDVVXPHGWREHVXEMHFWWRDIXOO\GHYHORSHGILUHWKHWHPSHUDWXUHWLPHFXUYH DFFRUGLQJWR(1LVFKRVHQ)RULQIRUPDWLRQRQRWKHUWHPSHUDWXUHUHJLPHVVHH(1 $$QWLFLSDWHGSUHVVXUHUDQJHV
7KHPRYHPHQWRIDLULQDGXFWSDVVLQJWKURXJKDFRPSDUWPHQWRQILUHDQGZKLFKKDVQRRSHQLQJVWR WKDWFRPSDUWPHQWPD\FUHDWHDQXQGHUSUHVVXUHRQWKHGXFWZDOOVZKLFKPD\HQFRXUDJHWKHILUHWR H[SORLWDQ\FUDFNVZKLFKGHYHORSLQWKHGXFW$QXQGHUSUHVVXUHRI3DLQKRUL]RQWDOGXFW$ KDVEHHQFKRVHQDVEHLQJUHDOLVWLFLQWKLVZRUVWFDVHVLWXDWLRQDQGLVWKHXQGHUSUHVVXUHDWZKLFKDQ\ LQWHJULW\IDLOXUHRIWKHVSHFLPHQZLWKLQWKHIXUQDFHVKRXOGEHPHDVXUHG$SSOLFDWLRQVIRUKLJKHU SUHVVXUHOHYHOVVKRXOGEHDVVHVVHGRQDQLQGLYLGXDOEDVLV $1RWHVRQSURFHGXUH $$LUYHORFLW\LQGXFW%
7KHYHORFLW\LQWKHGXFWZLOOEHGHWHUPLQHGE\PXOWLSO\LQJWKHYHORFLW\UHFRUGHGLQWKHYHORFLW\ PHDVXULQJVWDWLRQE\WKHUDWLREHWZHHQWKHFURVVVHFWLRQDODUHDRIWKHPHDVXULQJVWDWLRQDQGWKHGXFW $(YDOXDWLRQRIGXFWLQRYHUSUHVVXUHFRQGLWLRQV
7KHPHWKRGRIWHVWGRHVQRWGHVFULEHDSURFHGXUHIRUHYDOXDWLQJGXFWVLQRYHUSUHVVXUHFRQGLWLRQV7KH ILHOGRIGLUHFWDSSOLFDWLRQDOORZVWKHUHVXOWRIDWHVWWRDSSO\XSWRDQRYHUSUHVVXUHFRQGLWLRQRI3D ,ILQSUDFWLFHSDUWRIDGXFWV\VWHPLVWREHVXEMHFWHGWRKLJKHURYHUSUHVVXUHWKHQDQDGGLWLRQDO HYDOXDWLRQPD\EHFDUULHGRXW7KLVPD\EHXQGHUWDNHQE\UHYHUVLQJWKHIDQDQGVXEMHFWLQJDQ DGGLWLRQDOGXFW$VSHFLPHQWRWKHVSHFLILHGRYHUSUHVVXUH$OORWKHUSURFHGXUHVDQGUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU GXFW$VKRXOGEHIROORZHG $,QVXODWLRQDQGLQWHJULW\
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
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 $1RWHVRQSHUIRUPDQFHFULWHULD
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
7KHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHYDULRXVIDLOXUHFULWHULDRILQWHJULW\LQVXODWLRQDQGOHDNDJHPD\YDU\DFFRUGLQJ WRZKHWKHUWKHGXFWLVDQRUPDOYHQWLODWLRQGXFWRUDNLWFKHQH[WUDFWGXFWDVGHVFULEHGDERYH)RU NLWFKHQH[WUDFWLRQGXFWVRUZKHUHLQWHUQDOFRPEXVWLEOHOLQLQJVDUHXVHGDGGLWLRQDOWHPSHUDWXUH PHDVXULQJSRLQWVKDYHEHHQVSHFLILHGWRJHWKHUZLWKDFULWHULDRI & &WRUHGXFHWKH SRVVLELOLW\RILJQLWLRQRIFRPEXVWLEOHPDWHULDOVLQVLGHWKHGXFWLJQLWLQJZKHQWKHGXFWLVH[SRVHGWRDQ H[WHUQDOILUH
%6,
¸
3DJH (1 'LPHQVLRQVLQPP
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
D E F G
GHWDLOV LQ ILJXUH GHWDLOV LQ ILJXUH GXFW $ GXFW%
IXUQDFHZDOO VHDOHG HQG ILUHVWRSSLQJDVLQSUDFWLFH LQVXODWLRQ MRLQWV IXUQDFHURRIVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ IXUQDFH FKDPEHU
:
+ '
RSHQLQJV WRWDO FURVV VHFWLRQ RI GXFW FURVV VHFWLRQ GXFW % VHH IXUQDFH IORRU ZLGWK KHLJKW GLDPHWHU ZKHQ GXFW $ DQG GXFW % WHVWHG WRJHWKHU
)LJXUH7HVWDUUDQJHPHQWIRUYHUWLFDOGXFWV %6,
¸
3DJH (1 'LPHQVLRQVLQPP
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
127(7KHVHDOHGHQGVKDOOEHLQGHSHQGHQWRIWKHIXUQDFHZDOO D E F G
GHWDLOV LQ ILJXUH GHWDLOV LQ ILJXUH GXFW E GXFW D
MRLQWV WSLHFH VXSSRUWLQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ
IXUQDFH ZDOO GXFW ZLWK RHOERZFURVVVHFWLRQVHH VHDOHG HQG PD\ SDVV WKURXJK IXUQDFH ZDOO ILUHVWRSSLQJ DV LQ SUDFWLFH LQVXODWLRQ ULJLG UHVWUDLQW
IXUQDFH FKDPEHU RSHQLQJVWRWDOFURVVVHFWLRQ GXFW FURVV VHFWLRQ GXFW % VHDOHG HQG RI HOERZ
: '
:LGWK 'LDPHWHU
)LJXUH7HVWDUUDQJHPHQWIRUKRUL]RQWDOGXFWV
%6,
¸
Licensed Copy: Ms. Sarah Robbins, Liverpool John Moores University, 17/10/2011 14:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
3DJH (1
D
GXFW $ YHUWLFDO
E
GXFW $ KRUL]RQWDO
SUHVVXUH VHQVRU WR IXUQDFH SUHVVXUH VHQVRU RQ FHQWUH OLQH RULILFH SODWH YHQWUDO RU VLPLODU SUHVVXUH GLIIHUHQWLDO 3D SUHVVXUH VHQVRU LQ ODERUDWRU\ SUHVVXUH GLIIHUHQWLDO FRQWURO ER[ SUHVVXUH FRQWURO GLOXWLRQ GDPSHU SQHXPDWLF DFWXDWRU RU PDQXDO FRQWURO EDODQFLQJ GDPSHU IDQ
IOH[LEOH FRQQHFWLQJ GXFW VXSSRUW WKHUPRFRXSOH PP GLDPHWHU IORZ VWUDLJKWHQHU ZKHUH QHFHVVDU\ IODQJH VXSSRUW WHVW GXFW GLVWDQFH WKHUPRFRXSOH RULILFH SODWH G FRQGHQVLQJ GHYLFH
)LJXUH/HDNDJHPHDVXULQJVWDWLRQIRUGXFW
¸%6,
Licensed Copy: Ms. Sarah Robbins, Liverpool John Moores University, 17/10/2011 14:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
3DJH (1
D
$ GXFW % YHUWLFDO
SUHVVXUH VHQVRU WR IXUQDFH SUHVVXUH VHQVRU RQ FHQWUH OLQH SUHVVXUH VHQVRU LQ ODERUDWRU\ SUHVVXUH GLIIHUHQWLDO FRQWURO ER[ SUHVVXUH FRQWURO GLOXWLRQ GDPSHU SQHXPDWLF DFWXDWRU RU PDQXDO FRQWURO EDODQFLQJ GDPSHU IDQ IOH[LEOH FRQQHFWLQJ GXFW VXSSRUW WKHUPRFRXSOHPPGLDPHWHU
E
GXFW % KRUL]RQWDO
VXSSRUW IODQJH VXSSRUW LQOHW QR]]OH WHVW GXFW YHORFLW\ RI DLU IORZ HTXLSPHQW VZLWFKRII GDPSHU IORZ VWUDLJKWHQHU SUHVVXUH GLIIHUHQWLDO 3D
)LJXUH*DVYHORFLW\PHDVXULQJVWDWLRQIRU'XFW% ¸%6,
Licensed Copy: Ms. Sarah Robbins, Liverpool John Moores University, 17/10/2011 14:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
3DJH (1
D
$ GXFW % YHUWLFDO
SUHVVXUH VHQVRU WR IXUQDFH SUHVVXUH VHQVRU RQ FHQWUH OLQH SUHVVXUH VHQVRU LQ ODERUDWRU\ SUHVVXUH GLIIHUHQWLDO FRQWURO ER[ SUHVVXUH FRQWURO GLOXWLRQ GDPSHU SQHXPDWLF DFWXDWRU RU PDQXDO FRQWURO EDODQFLQJ GDPSHU IDQ IOH[LEOH FRQQHFWLQJ GXFW VXSSRUW WKHUPRFRXSOHPPGLDPHWHU
E
GXFW % KRUL]RQWDO
VXSSRUW IODQJH VXSSRUW LQOHW QR]]OH WHVW GXFW YHORFLW\ RI DLU IORZ HTXLSPHQW VZLWFKRII GDPSHU IORZ VWUDLJKWHQHU SUHVVXUH GLIIHUHQWLDO 3D
)LJXUH*DVYHORFLW\PHDVXULQJVWDWLRQIRU'XFW% ¸%6,
3DJH (1 'LPHQVLRQVLQPP
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U
3DJH (1 'LPHQVLRQVLQPP
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
DOORZPRYHPHQWLQERWKGLUHFWLRQV UHVLVWPRYHPHQWVLQERWKGLUHFWLRQV ORFDWLRQRIPHDVXULQJGHYLFHIRUUHVWUDLQWIRUFHV GXFW VWLIIORDGFHOOVPHWKRGIRUDSSO\LQJDQGPHDVXULQJUHVWUDLQW IXUQDFH )LJXUH5HVWUDLQWRI'XFW%RXWVLGHWKHIXUQDFH
¸%6,
3DJH (1 'LPHQVLRQVLQPP
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
D E
GXFW $ GXFW %
;
IXUQDFHWKHUPRFRXSOH IXUQDFH ZDOO IXUQDFH URRI RSHQLQJVWRWDOFURVVVHFWLRQRIGXFWFURVVVHFWLRQGXFW%VHH IXUQDFH IORRU )LJXUH/RFDWLRQRIIXUQDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUGXFWVLQYHUWLFDOSRVLWLRQ
¸%6,
3DJH (1 'LPHQVLRQVLQPP
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
1RWHXSSHUGLDJUDPLVLQSODQYLHZ ;
IXUQDFH WKHUPRFRXSOHV
D E F G
GXFW $ GHWDLOVLQILJXUH GHWDLOV LQ ILJXUH GXFW %
IXUQDFH ZDOO GXFW ZLWK HOERZ VHH LQVXODWLRQ FRYHU RI IXUQDFH RSHQLQJVWRWDOFURVVVHFWLRQRIGXFWFURVVVHFWLRQGXFW% VXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ
)LJXUH/RFDWLRQRIWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUGXFWVLQWKHKRUL]RQWDOSRVLWLRQ ¸%6,
3DJH (1 'LPHQVLRQVLQPP
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
IXUQDFH ILUH UHVLVWLQJ GXFW VXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ
7 V
PD[LPXPVXUIDFHWHPSHUDWXUHRQVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUGHWHUPLQLQJPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUGHWHUPLQLQJDYHUDJHDQGPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHV
7 7
)LJXUH/RFDWLRQRIVXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVSHQHWUDWLRQH[DPSOH
¸%6,
3DJH (1 'LPHQVLRQVLQPP
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
7 V 7 7
IXUQDFH ILUH UHVLVWLQJ GXFW VXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ PD[LPXPVXUIDFHWHPSHUDWXUHRQVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUGHWHUPLQLQJPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUGHWHUPLQLQJDYHUDJHDQGPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHV
)LJXUH/RFDWLRQRIVXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVSHQHWUDWLRQH[DPSOH
¸%6,
3DJH (1 'LPHQVLRQVLQPP
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
7 V 7 7 7 V7 7
IXUQDFH ILUH UHVLVWLQJ GXFW VXSSRUWLQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ PD[LPXPVXUIDFHWHPSHUDWXUHRQVXSSRUWLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUGHWHUPLQLQJPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUGHWHUPLQLQJDYHUDJHDQGPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH PLQLPXPRIRQHRIHDFKVLGHRIWKHGXFW VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHV )LJXUH/RFDWLRQRIVXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVSHQHWUDWLRQH[DPSOH
¸%6,
3DJH (1
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 9 5 : 4 1 1 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 7 1 , y t i s r e v i n U s e r o o M n h o J l o o p r e v i L , s n i b b o R h a r a S . s M : y p o C d e s n e c i L
7
IXUQDFH GXFW $ VXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUGHWHUPLQLQJWKHDYHUDJHDQGPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH
)LJXUH,QWHULRUVXUIDFHWKHUPRFRXSOHVIRUNLWFKHQH[WUDFWFRPEXVWLEOHLQWHUQDOOLQLQJGXFWV
¸%6,