todas las recomendaciones de la IEEE para el diseño y estudios relacionados a Interruptores de Alta y Media Tensión
Braker, lo que hai que saberDescripción completa
Full description
by Frater.Akenu. "Meditation is very complex and beautiful topic. Unfortunately one bound with a lot of garbage. After all, it's a good business model to allow this knowledge only to those w…Descrição completa
construction, operation and types of air blast circuit breaker
Entrainment Vortex Breaker
Full description
Full description
Deskripsi lengkap
circuit breaker
Staunch nation cal mogers plateau breaker
economics market failureFull description
OLTC Failure
Full description
seal failure
Full description
Circuit Breaker Training
Cahier Technique
engine failure A330Full description
Descripción: Failure Analysis
Breaker Failure Protection PSRC – K2 WG
Last Publication on Breaker Failure Protection by PSRC
An IEEE PSRC Report , “Summary Update of Practices on Breaker Failure Protection”, IEEE Transaction Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-101, No. 3, pp 555-563 , March 1982
Why a Guide ?
Things have changed in 20 years. New Engineers need guidance. Breaker Failure Function being incorporated in multifunction relays.
PSRC – K2
Established 2001 60 Working Group members
K2 Members
Roger Hedding, Chair S.Anderson Alex Apostlov John Appleyard Roy Ball George Bartok Ron Beazer Ken Behrendt Robert Beresh Martin Best Gustav Brunello Art Buanno Zeeky Bukhala
Arvind Chaudhary, Vice Chair Simon Chano Terry Crawley Randy Crellin Randy Cunico Albert N. Darlington Paul Drum Walt Elmore David Emigh Jon Ferraro Kelly Gardner Tony Giuliante George Gresko
K2 Members
Irwin Hassenwinkle Stan Horowitz Randy Horton Mohamed Ibrahim Bob Jackson Gerald Johnson Peter Kemp Tim Kern Shoukat Khan Mike Kloiber Gary Kobet Tom Lanigan Larry Lawhead Bill Lowe Vahid Madani Walter McCannon Mike McDonald Dean Miller
Pratap Mysore Mukesh Nagpal George Nail Russell Patterson Frank Plumptre Elmo Price Dan Reckerd Don Sevcik Charles Sufana Joe Uchiyama Sahib Usman Don Ware James Whatley Roger Whittaker Skip Williams Ray Young Rich Young
Assignment
This working group will investigate issues pertaining to breaker failure protection which will include : breaker failure mechanisms, fault detectors, breaker failure circuits, effect of bus configurations, effect of multifunction microprocessor relays, and the effect of modern breaker control schemes. Prepare a guide covering the application of breaker failure protection to power circuit breakers.
Why Breaker Failure Protection ? FAULT B A
1
2
C 3
4
5
6
LOAD
LOAD 7
8 LOAD
Figure 1 - Remote Breaker Clearing
Basic Breaker Failure Scheme
62-1 50BF BFI
AND
Timer
Breaker Failure Scheme Output
Timing Chart PROTECTIVE RELAY TIME
BREAKER INTERRUPT TIME
50BF CURRENT DETECTOR RESET TIME
62-1 BREAKER FAILURE TIMER TIME BFI
FAULT CLEARED MARGIN TIME
TIME AUX TRIP RELAY TIME
FAULT OCCURS TOTAL FAULT CLEARING TIME
LOCAL BACKUP BREAKER INTERRUPT TIME TRANSFER TRIP TIME REMOTE BACKUP BREAKER INTERRUPT TIME
Two Components
Current Detector Breaker Failure Timer
Current Detector
Detects current flow Pick up for minimum fault If phase current set above load current If ground current set above unbalance Drop out not delayed by dc offset Use 52a only if no current
Timer
Longer than it takes the breaker to clear a fault Shorter than the Critical Clearing Time plus some margin. Could be longer for Line to Ground Faults than for Three Phase Faults
Critical clearing Time
Dictated by Transient Stability limit Somewhere between 7 and 30 cycles Results from Stability Study
Total Clearing Time The sum of : BFI pick up + Breaker Failure Timer + Auxiliary trip relay time + Local back up breaker time + (Transfer trip time if remote)
Transient Stability time
Severity of Fault Loading on System Mass of Generators Type of Fault
Circuit Breaker Failure Modes
Failure to Trip Failure to Clear
Failure to Trip
Contacts do not open after trip circuit energized. Short or open in Trip coil Mechanical problem with breaker
Failure to Clear
Contacts open but fault not extinguished. Current continues to flow Mechanical or Dielectric problem Why auxiliary switches not reliable
Breaker Failure ReTrip 62-1 50BF BFI
AND
Timer
Breaker Failure Scheme Output
62-2 Timer (Time Delay May be Zero Time)
Re-Trip the Breaker
Elimination of 50BF Reset Time 50BF
Enables 50BF AND 62-1 BFI
Timer
Breaker Failure Scheme Output
Addition of Control Timer
Control timer 50BF Enabled only after 62-1 times out 62-1
AND Enable
BFI
Timer
Breaker Failure Scheme Output
Breaker Failure Seal-In
62-1 50BF BFI
OR
AND
Timer
Breaker Failure Scheme Output
Minimum Fault Current
Use where current magnitude may not be enough to pick up current detector Transformers Generators Harmonic Filters
Minimum Fault Current
62-1 50BF 52a
BFI OR
AND
Timer
Breaker Failure Scheme Output
Ring Bus Application 21/ 79
21/ 79
Ring Bus
Ring Bus
Separate Ct inputs into relay Careful of current distribution after one breaker opens in setting current detectors. Another Working group (K5) to look into this issue.
Total Breaker Failure clearing time should be less than system stability limit. Independent of type of failure detected Should operate during loss of dc to breaker
Conclusions
BFP should operate only when desired Timer setting should allow adequate margin between backup breaker clearing and system critical clearing time. Multiple timers can be used for different types of faults Use auxiliary contacts as last resort for BFI.
Conclusions
Phase current detectors should be set above load to protect from scheme operating during testing. Seal in circuits should be used to insure breaker failure scheme does not drop out prematurely Care should be taken when applying breaker failure to ring bus and breaker and one half .
