4960 - Kabbalah: Jewish Mysticism, Myth, and Magic Last revised 1-05 This course is an introduction to Jewish mysticism, presented in historical survey. Through lectures and readings from seminal texts: The Song of the Sabbath Sacrifice, III Enoch, Sefer Yetzirah, the Bahir, Sefer Chasidim, The Treatise on the Left Emanation, the Zohar, and Sefer ha-Gilgulim, the course will explore the major topics of Jewish Kabbalah, including mystical cosmogony, apocalypse, and eschatology, theosophy, word-mysticism, meditation, and mystical-magical rituals of power. Required Texts: The Ancient Jewish Mysticism, Joseph Dan, Tel Aviv: MOD (Ministry of Defense), 1993, ISBN 965-05-0678-0 The Early Kabbalah, Joseph Dan, ed., New York: Paulist Press, 1986, ISBN: 0809127695 The Zohar: Annotated and Explained, Daniel Matt, Woodstock: Skylight Paths, 2002 ISBN 1893361519 The Thirteen Petalled Rose, Adin Steinsaltz, Jason Aronson, 1992, ISBN 0-87668-350-9 Recommended Text: The Jewish Study Bible : Tanakh Translation, Adele Berlin (Editor) Michael Fishbane (Editor) Marc Zvi Brettler (Editor) Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN: 0195297512. The Hidden and Manifest God, Peter Schafer, SUNY Press, 1992, ISBN 0791410439 Seeds of the Esoteric: The Bible Cosmogony (Gen. 1-2; Psalm 74; Job 38-40) Apocalypse (Isa. 6; Ezek. 1; Zechariah 1-4;14) Eschatology (Isa. 9; 11; 25; 40-66; Daniel 4-10) Magic (Ex. 4) The Mind of God (Deut. 18; Song of Songs) Apocalypse may be now! Apocalyptic Literature I Enoch Jubilees God is in His Temple: Priestly Mysticism of the Dead Sea Scrolls Rule of the Community Song of the Sabbath Sacrifice The War Scroll Maasei Bereshit u\u2019Maasei Mervakah Mysticism in the Talmud (Chag. 12b-16b; Shabbat 67a-b; Berakhot 7b) Little Lower than the Angels: Hechalot Mysticism Mystical Ascent: (Enoch III; Hechalot Rabbati) You Bring Down Captives\u2026How to Summon Angelic Assistance: (selected Hechalot texts)
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\u2026and to Enslave Demons too! (Testament of Solomon) Rituals of Power: Jewish Magic and Alchemy in Late Antiquity He Spoke and It Was (Sefer Yetzirah) Combating Evil (DSS anti-demonic psalms) Amulets-R-Us (Pes. 111a-111b) All things that effect Healing are Permitted (BT Gittin 67-69). If you Wish to Give your Enemy Insomnia\u2026(Sword of Moses; selected incantation bowl inscriptions and Cairo Geniza magical recipes) Transforming nature, transforming the self: Alchemy and the legend of Maria the Hebrew. Cherubs, Nuts, and Vampires: The German Pietists Witchcraft, monsters, and how to combat them (Sefer Chasidim). The Secret of Prayer (Or Zarua). The Rebirth of Myth: Early Kabbalah Seeing God\u2019s Glory (Baraita of Joseph ben Uzziel) Making a Golem (Pseudo-Saadya on Sefer Yestzirah) The Ten Sefirot and Divine Emanation (Sefer ha-Bahir) The Left Side of Creation (Treatise on the Left Emanation) Abraham Abulafia and Prophetic Mysticism Tzeruf Meditation (Or ha-Sechel) A Mystical Gospel: The Zohar The King in His Beauty (Zohar). The Meaning of Torah and the Commandments (Zohar) Safed: Broken Vessels, Repaired Souls Holy Sparks (Etz Chayyim) The Journey of the Soul in this World and the Next (Sefer ha-Gilgulim). Exorcism as Cosmic Therapy (Zera ha-Kodesh). Unifications: Meditation and Theurgy (Shivhi ha-Ari) Women mystics (Sefer ha-Hezyonot). Kabbalists vs. Qabbalists: The Renaissance Encounter Pico de Mirabella on the first word of Genesis Crisis and Consolidation: Kabbalah and the 17 -18 Centuries Reincarnation as dogma (Nishmat Chayyim) Nathan of Gaza \u2013 Visionary as Revolutionary The Secret Meaning of Food (Shnei Luchot ha-Brit) Woman as High Priest (Tkhine Shifrei bat Yosef of Poznan) th
th
In the Palace of the King: Hasidism
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The internalization of the Torah (Sefat Emet) The popularization of Kabbalah (Shevhi ha-BeSHT). Kabbalah Today: Conclusion? Topics: TBD Course Requirements:
A midterm
30%
A final
30%
An Essay or Book Reports
20%
Class participation 20% (Your offered opinion, no matter how goofy, enhances your grade). The Essay \u2013
For those interested in a specific topic, they may write 4-6 pages of research/analysis on one topic, using (but not limited to) the bibliography provided with this syllabus (these materials are either in the UNT library, available electronically, or through ILL. Please review UNT policies on plagiarism. Even if not stated in the proposed title, the focus of all these topics must be on Judaism and Jewish texts. God as portrayed in Jewish apocalyptic texts God as portrayed in Hechalot texts God as portrayed in Kabbalah. The Sefirot. The Kabbalistic notion of divine \u2018emanation.\u2019 Kabbalistic theories of the soul. The Lurianic creation myth. Reincarnation in Early Kabbalah and Zohar. Reincarnation in Lurianic Kabbalah Ghostly possession (Dybbuk). Beneficent possession (Maggid). Exorcism accounts. Meditation, ecstasy, or trance practices in Judaism. Interpretations of visionary experiences. The \u201cElijah\u201d tradition in Judaism Spiritual disciplines and pietistic practices (hanhagot). th Women\u2019s spiritual expression in Judaism before the 20 Century. th Women in roles of mystical leadership before the 20 Century. The concept of \u201cWitch\u201d and \u201cWitchcraft\u201d in Judaism. Fallen angels in Early Jewish (only Jewish) literature. Angels in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
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Angels in Hechalot texts. The demonic in Jewish tradition. Hebrew magical texts. Jewish magical responses to illness. The mystical significance of Hebrew. Mystical beliefs about the name(s) of God. The Temple as a focus of mystical interest. The interpretation of Ezekiel’s chariot in Jewish mysticism. Fabulous beasts in Jewish myth. Monsters in Jewish myth. The golem tradition. The mythic/mystical significance of light. The mythic/mystical significance of fire. Sexuality in Jewish mystical thought. A spiritual biography (history and ideas) of any of the following: Rabbi Akiba Simon ben (or bar) Yohai Samuel heHasid Moses Cordovero Abraham Abulafia Moses deLeon Eleazar of Worms Nachmanides Ariel of Gerona Isaac Luria Joseph Caro Chayyim (Chaim) Vital The Baal Shem Tov Nachman of Bratzlav Levi Yitzkhak of Berditchev Menachem of Chernobyl Shenur Laydi of Lubavitch Book Reports -
If you are not interested in actual research, then you must instead submit book reports on two books. Each book must be approved by the instructor (books listed in the bibliography below may be considered pre-approved). Each report should be 250-500 words. We will read a selection of the reviews aloud in class and discuss the books. Bibliography English Reference Works: Ben Sasson, H.H., A History of the Jewish People, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976.
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Betz, H. D., Greek Magical Papyri in Translation, 1996. Bialik and Ravnitzky, eds., The Book of Legends (William Braude, trans.) New York: Schocken, 1992. Buxbaum, Yitzchak, Jewish Spiritual Practices, Northvale: Jason Aronson, 1990. Epstein, I., ed., The Talmud, London: the Soncino Press, 1939. Frankel, Ellen, Encyclopedia of Jewish Symbols, Philadelphia: JPS, 2000. Ginzberg, L., Legends of the Jews, vols. 1-6, Philadelphia: JPS, 1968. Green, A., Jewish Spirituality, (2 vol.), New York: Crossroad, 1986. Grendler, H., Encyclopedia of the Renaissance, vols. 1-6, New York: Charles Schribner’s Sons, 1998. Hallo and Younger, ed., The Context of Scripture, vols. 1-3, Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2000. Marcus, J.R., The Jew in the Medieval World, New York: Atheneum, 1938. Pritchard, J. B., ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts related to the Old Testament, New Haven: Yale Press,1969. Rabinowicz, T., ed., The Encyclopedia of Hasidim, North Vale, N.J., Jason Aronson, 1996. Roth, C., ed., Encyclopedia Judaica, 14 volumes, Jerusalem: Keter, 1974. Seltzer, R., Jewish People, Jewish Thought, New York: Macmillan, 1980. Singer, I., ed., The Jewish Encyclopedia, 12 vols., New York: KTAV, 1901. Sperling & Simon, trans., The Zohar (vols. 1-5), London: the Soncino Press, 1956.
Online Reference Material: The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon, A linguistic and textual resource online at http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/aramaic_language.html “General Jewish Magic” A online bibliography at http://gaculty.washington.edu/snoegel/generaljewishmagic.htm Jewish Heritage Online Magazine at www.jhom.com Practical Kabbalah at www.atomick.net/fayelevine/pk/ Soc.Culture.Jewish Newsgroups at www.scjfaq.org
English Monographs, Anthologies, and Articles: Abrams, D., “From Divine Shape to Angelic Being: The Career of Akatriel in Jewish Literature,” Journal of Religion 76:1, 1996. Arbusch, Ra’anan, “The Figure of Rabbi Ishmael in the Hekhalot Literature and in Jewish Martyrology as Competing Models of Heavenly Ascent,” Paper for 2001 SBL Conference. Published online at w ww . iw u. e du /~r e lig io n /ej c m/ Armstrong, A.H., Classical Mediterranean Spirituality, New York, Cross Roads Press, 1986. Austin, J.L., How to do Things with Words, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962. Bamberger, B.J., Fallen Angels, Philadelphia: JPS, 1952. Bar Ilan, M., “Exorcism by Rabbis: Talmud Sages and their Magic,” Bar Ilan University Online Articles, faculty.biu.il/~barilm/exorcism.html. ___________, “Witches in the Bible and Talmud,” Approaches to Ancient Judaism, Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993. Baker, Margaret, An Extraordinary Gathering of Angels, London: MQ Publishing, 2004. _____________, Beyond the Veil of the Temple: The High Priestly Origin of the Apocalypses,” Scottish Journal of Theology 51.1, 1998. Benton, Christopher, An Introduction to the Sefer Yetzirah, The Maqom Journal, published online at www.maqom.org. Berman, J., The Temple: Its Symbolism and Meaning Then and Now. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1995.
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Bilu, Y., “Dybbuk and Maggid: Two Cultural Patterns of Altered Consciousness in Judaism,” AJS Review,21/2, 1996. Binsbergen, W. and Wiggermann, F., “Magic in History: A theoretical perspective and its application to Ancient Mesopotamia,” published online at www.shikanda.net/ancient_models/gen3/magic.htm. Blumenthal, D., Understanding Jewish Mysticism, New York: KTAV, 1984. Bosker, B.M., “Wonder Working and the Rabbinic Tradition: The Case of Hanina ben Dosa,” Journal for the Study of Judaism, 16:1, 1985. Braude, W., Pesikta Rabbati, vols. 1-2, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981. _________, Pesikta de Rab Kahana, Philadelphia: JPS, 1975. _________, Tanna debe Eliyyahu, Philadelphia: JPS. 1981. Bregman, M., “The Four Who Entered Paradise: The Evolution of a Talmudic Tale,” First Harvest (H. Schwartz, ed.), St. Louis: Brodsky Library Press, 1997. __________, “Mordecai the Milkman,” Unpublished lecture given at HUC-JIR, 1996. __________, “Seeing with the Sages,” Agendas for the Study of Midrash in the 21st Century, Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary 1999. Breslauer, S. D., ed., The Seductiveness of Jewish Myth, Albany: SUNY Press, 1997. Brichto, H, “Kin, Cult, Land and Afterlife – A Biblical Complex,” HUCA 54, 1983. Buber, M., Tales of Angels, Spirits, and Demons, New York: Hawk’s Well Press, 1958. Canaan, T., “Haunted Springs and Water Demons in Palestine,” Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society, no. 1, 1921. Chajes, J.H., “Judgments Sweetened: Possession and Exorcism in Early Modern Jewish History,” Journal of Early Modern History 1:2 1997. __________, Between Worlds: Dybbuks, Exorcists, and Early Modern Judaism, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. __________, “Women Leading Women (and Attentive Men): Early Modern Jewish Models of Pietistic Female Authority,” Jack Wertheimer, ed. Jewish Religious Leadership: Image and Reality. 2 vols. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 2004. Chajes & Copenhaver, “Magic and Astrology,” in Encyclopedia of the Renaissance, New York: Charles Scriber’s Sons, 1998. Chajes, Z., “Demons, Witchcraft, Incantations, Dreams, and Planetary Influences, Medical Prescriptions, and Curative Methods in the Aggadah,” The Student’s Guide to the Talmud, Jerusalem: Hebrew University Press, 1960. Ciraolo and Seidel, eds., Magic and Divination in the Ancient World, Leiden, Netherlands: Brill/Styx, 2002. Cohen, M., Shi’ur Qomah: Texts and Recensions, Tubingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1985. Cohen, S., “The Name of God, a Study in Rabbinic Theology,” HUCA 23, 1950. Cohen, S., The Holy Letter, New York: KTAV, 1976. Conybeare, F.C., trans., “The Testament of Solomon,” Jewish Quarterly Review, Oct. 1898. Published online by Joseph Peterson at www.esotericarchives.com. Coogan, M. D., trans., Stories from Ancient Canaan, Louisville KY, Westminster Press, 1978. Courliano, I.P., The Tree of Gnosis, San Francisco: Harper-Cross, 1990. Cross, Frank, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973. Dan, Joseph, The Early Jewish Mysticism, Tel Aviv: MOD Books, 1993. __________, The Heart and the Fountain: An Anthology of Jewish Mystical Experiences, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. __________, “Samael, Lilith, and the Concept of Evil in Early Kabbalah,” AJS Review, vol. 5, 1980. __________, The ‘Unique Cherub’ Circle, Tubingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1999. Dan, Joseph and Kiener, Ronald, The Early Kabbalah, Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press, 1986. Davila, James, “Ancient Magic(The Prayer of Jacob),” Lecture online at www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~www_sd/magic.html. ___________, “Hekhalot Literature and Shamanism,” Society of Biblical Literature 1994 Seminar Papers, Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1994.
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___________, “Ritual in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha,” Draft article online at www.st-andrews.ac.uk/academic/divinity/ritual_pseud_paper.htm Dodd, E., The Greeks and the Irrational, Berkley: University of California Press, 1951. Drob, S., Symbols of the Kabbalah, Northvale: Jason Aronson, 1996. Elior, R., “Mysticism, Magic, and Angelology,” Jewish Studies Quarterly 1, 1993. _______, The Three Temples: The Emergence of Early Jewish Mysticism, Oxford, OH: Littmann Library of Jewish Civilization, 2004 Erlanger, G., Signs of the Times: The Zodiac in Jewish Tradition, Jerusalem: Feldman Publishing, 1999. Eskenazi and Harrington, The Sabbath in Jewish and Christian Traditions, New York: Crossroad, 1971. Faierstein, M., Jewish Mystical Testimonies: The Book of Visions and the Book of Dreams,” Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1999. Fine, L., ed., Essential Papers in Kabbalah, New York: NYU Press, 1995. ____________, Safed Spirituality, Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press, 1989. ____________, ed., Judaism in Practice, Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001. Finkel, A.Y., In my Flesh I see God, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1995. Fishbane, M., “Arm of the Lord: Biblical Myth, Rabbinic Midrash, and the Mystery of History,” Language, Theology, and the Bible, (S. Balentine, ed.), Oxford: Clarington Press, 1994. ___________, “Aspects of Jewish Magic in the Ancient Rabbinic Period,” in The Solomon Goldman Lectures II, Chicago: Spertus College of Judaica Press, 1987. ___________, “The Holy One Sits and Roars: Mythopoesis and the Midrashic Imagination,” Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy, 1, 1991. Frymer-Kensky, T., In the Wake of Goddesses, New York: Macmillan, 1992. Gaster, M., The Chronicles of Jerahmeel, New York: KTAV, 1971. ___________, The Maaseh Book: Book of Jewish Tales and Legends Translated from the Judeo-German, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1934. ___________, The Sword of Moses, New York: KTAV, 1971. Ginsburg, E., The Sabbath in Classic Kabbalah, Albany: SUNY Press, 1989. Goldin, Judah, “The Magic of Magic and Superstition,” Studies in Midrash and Related Literature, Philadelphia: JPS, 1988. Gottstein, A.G., “The Body as the Image of God in Rabbinic Literature,” Harvard Theological Review, 87:2, 1994. Green, A., “The Song of Songs in Early Jewish Mysticism,” Song of Songs (Harold Bloom, ed.) New York: Chelsea Publishing, 1988. ___________, Guide to the Zohar, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. Goldin, J., Studies in Midrash and Related Literature, Philadelphia: JPS, 1988. Goldish, M., Spirit Possession in Judaism: Cases and Contexts from the Middle Ages to the Present, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2003. Greenspahn, F.E., Essential Papers on Israel and the Ancient Near East, New York: NYU Press, 1991. Gruenwald, I., Apocalyptic and Merkavah Mysticism, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997. Hammer, R., Jerusalem Anthology, Philadelphia: JPS, 2000. “Jewish Magic: a Perspectives Symposium,” AJS Perspectives, Fall, 2001. Herrera, R., Mystics of the Book, New York: Peter Lang, 1993. Heschel, A.J., “The Mystical Element in Judaism,” Understanding Rabbinic Judaism, (J. Neusner, ed.,), New York: KTAV, 1988. _______________, The Prophets, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1962. Holtz, B., Back to the Sources, New York: Summit, 1985. Idel, Moshe, The Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial Anthropoid, New York: SUNY Press, 1990. _________, Hasidism: Between Ecstasy and Magic, New York: SUNY Press, 1995. _________, “Kabbalistic Prayer and Color,” Approaches to Judaism in Medieval Times, D. Blumenthal, ed., Chicago: Scholar’s Press, 1985. _________, The Mystical Experience in Abraham Abulafia, New York, SUNY Press,
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1988. _________, Kabbalah: New Perspectives, New Haven: Yale Press, 1988. _________, “Magic and Kabbalah in the ‘Book of the Responding Entity,’” in The Solomon Goldman Lectures VI, Chicago: Spertus College of Judaica Press, 1993. . _________, “The Story of Rabbi Joseph della Reina,” in Behayahu, M., Studies and Texts on the History of the Jewish Community in Safed. Isaacs, Ronald, Ascending Jacob’s Ladder, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1998. ___________, Divination, Magic, and Healing, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1998. ___________, On Miracles: A Jewish Perspective, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 2000. Jacobs, Louis, Jewish Mystical Testimonies, New York: Schocken Books, 1976. Janowitz, Naomi, Icons of Power, Oxford, OH: Littmann Library of Jewish Civilization, 2004. _____________, The Poetics of Ascent, New York: SUNY Press, 1989. Kanarfogel, Ephraim, Peering through the Lattice, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2000. Kaplan, A., trans., The Bahir, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1995. __________, Mediation and Kabbalah, York Beach: Samuel Weiser, 1982. __________, Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Formation, New York: Samuel Weiser, 1978. __________, Tzitzith: A Thread of Light, New York: NCSY/Orthodox Union, 1984. Karp, Abraham, From the Ends of the Earth: Judaic Treasures of the Library of Congress, New York: Rizzoli, 1991. Kern-Ulmer, Brigitte, “The Depiction of Magic in Rabbinic Texts: The Rabbinic and Greek Concept of Magic,” Journal for the Study of Judaism, 27:3, 1996/ Kerr, Don, Collected Articles on the Kabbalah, vol. 1, Ithaca: KoM #5, 1985. Klausner, J., The Messianic Idea in Israel, New York: Macmillan, 1955. Klein, M., A Time to be Born: Customs and Folklore of Jewish Birth, Philadelphia: JPS, 1998. Koch, Klaus, the Prophets, vol. 1 and 2, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1992. Kosman, Admiel, “The Story of a Giant Story,” Hebrew Union College Annual, Vol. 73, 2002. Kugel, James, The God of Old: Inside the Lost World of the Bible, New York: Free Press, 2003. Lauterbach, J., “The Belief in the Power of Words,” Hebrew Union College Annual, Vol. 14, 1939. Lesses, R., Ritual Practices to Gain Power, Leiden: Brill, 1998 Levenson, J., Creation and the Persistence of Evil, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. __________, Sinai and Zion: An Entry into the Hebrew Bible, San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1985. Maccoby, H, Judas Iscariot and the Myth of Jewish Evil, New York: Free Press, 1992. Martinez, F.G., The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: Leiden: Brill/Eerdmans, 1994. Matt, D., trans, The Essential Kabbalah, San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1995. ________, trans., Zohar: The Book of Enlightenment, New York: Paulist, 1983. ________, trans., The Zohar: Pritzker Edition, vols. I & II, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. Metzger & Coogan, eds., The Oxford Companion to the Bible, New York: Oxford Press, 1993. Monford, H., Studies in Jewish Dream Interpretation, Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1994. Morgan, M., Sepher Ha-Razim, Bloomington IN: Scholars Press, 1983. Munk, M. The Wisdom of the Hebrew Alphabet, New York: Mesorah, 1983. Ness, L. J., Astrology and Judaism in Late Antiquity (Dissertation, Miami University, 1990), published online at http://www.smoe.org/arcana/diss.html Neusner, J., ed., Religion, Science and Magic, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Nickelsburg, “The Experience of Demons (and Angels) in 1 Enoch, Jubilees, and the Book of Tobit,” Minutes of the 1988 Philadelphia Seminar on Christian Origins. Online at www.psco.org.
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Nigal, G., Magic, Mysticism, and Hasidism, Northvale, N.J., Jason Aronson, 1994. Neulander, J., “The New Mexican Crypto-Jewish Canon: Choosing to be Chosen in Millennial Tradition,” Jewish Folklore and Ethnology Review, 18:12, 1996. Patai, R., “Exorcism and Xenoglossia among the Safed Mystics,” The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 91, no. 361, 1978. ___________, Gates to the Old City: A Book of Jewish Legends, New York: Avon Books, 1980. ___________, The Jewish Alchemists, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. ___________, The Messiah Texts, New York: Avon Books, 1979. ___________, On Jewish Folklore, Detroit: Wayne State Press, 1983. Raphael, P. S., Jewish Views of the Afterlife, North Vale N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1996. Rosen, M., The Interaction of Kabbalah and Halachah in the Aruch ha-Shulchan, The Maqom Journal, published online at www.maqom.org. Ruderman, D. B., Kabbalah, Magic and Science: The Cultural Universe of a SixteenthCentury Jewish Physician, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988. Schachter, Z.M. and Hoffman, E., Sparks of Light: Counseling in the Hasidic Tradition, Boulder: Shambala, 1983. Schafer, P., The Hidden and Manifest God: Some Major Themes in Early Jewish Mysticism, New York: SUNY Press, 1992. _________, Judeophobia: Attitudes Toward the Jews in the Ancient World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994. Scholem, G., Kabbalah, New York: Meridian Books, 1974 _______________, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, New York: Schocken, 1961. _______________, On the Kabbalah and its Symbolism, New York: Schocken, 1978. _______________, On the Mystical Shape of the Godhead, New York: Schocken, 1991. _______________, Zohar: The Book of Splendor, New York: Schocken, 1963. Schwartz, H., Gabriel’s Palace, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. _______________, Lilith’s Cave, New York: Harper & Row, 1988. ________________, Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Shaked, S., and Naveh, J., Amulets and Magic Bowls, Jerusalem: Hebrew University Press, 1987. ___________________, Magic Spells and Formula, Jerusalem: Hebrew University Press, 1993. Singer, S. A., Medieval Jewish Mysticism: Book of the Pious, Wheeling, IL: Whitehall Co., 1971. Spiegel, S., The Last Trial, New York: Schocken Books, 1967. Stager, L.E., and Wolf, S.R., “Child Sacrifice at Carthage,” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jan./Feb. 1984. Stern, D. and Mirsky, M., Rabbinic Fantasies: Imaginative Narratives from Classical Hebrew Literature, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990. Trachtenberg, J., The Devil and the Jews, Philadelphia: JPS 1943. _________________, Jewish Magic and Superstition, Philadelphia: JPS, 1939. Twelftree, G., Jesus the Exorcist, Tuebingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1993. Tzadok, A. B., The Rise and Fall of Rabbi Yosef della Reina, Yeshivat Benei N’vi’im Online, 2003. Van Dam, C., The Urim and Thummim: A Means of Revelation in Ancient Israel, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1997. Valantasis, R., ed., Religions of Late Antiquity in Practice, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000. Veltri, G., “Defining Forbidden Foreign Practices: Some Remarks on the Halakhah of Magic,” Proceedings of the 11th World Congress, vol. 1, Rabbinic and Talmudic Literature, 1994. Verman, Mark, The Books of Contemplation: Medieval Jewish Mystical Sources, New York: SUNY Press, 1992. Vilnay, Z., Legends of Jerusalem, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1975. Winkler, Gershon, Magic of the Ordinary: Recovering the Shamanistic in Judaism,
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Berkley, CA: North Atlantic Press, 2003. Zimmels, H.J., Magicians, Theologians, and Doctors, Northvale:
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