Objectives Few Fe w of the few objects of conduction this experiment are, •
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To To better understand the concepts of temperature temperature and pressure eects in a closed system. Learn about the industrial equipment used in order to archive the above mentioned eect. Learn the safety guides when handling with industrial and laboratory boilers
Introduction oilers are pressure vessels designed to heat water or produce steam, which can then be used to provide space heating and!or service water heating to a building. "n most commercial building heating applications, the heating source in the boiler is a natural gas #red burner. burner. $il #red burners and electric resistance heaters can be used as well. %team is preferred over hot water in some applications, including absorption cooling, &itchens, laundries, sterili'ers, and steam driven equipment. oilers have several strengths that have made them a common feature of buildings as well as in the industry. industry. They have a long life, can achieve e(ciencies up to )*+ or greater, provide an eective method of heating a building, and in the case of steam systems, require little or no pumping energy. owever, fuel costs can be considerable, regular maintenance is required, and if maintenance is delayed, repair can be costly.
Theory oth gas and oil #red boilers use controlled combustion of the fuel to heat water. water. The &ey boiler components involved in this process are the burner, combustion chamber, heat exchanger, and controls. The burner mixes mixes the fuel and oxygen oxygen together and, with with the assistance of an ignition device, provides a platform for combustion. This combustion ta&es place in the combustion chamber, and the heat that it generates is transferred to the water through the heat exchanger. -ontrols regulate the ignition, burner #ring rate, fuel supply, air supply, exhaust draft, water temperature, steam pressure, and boiler pressure. pressure. ot water produced by a boiler is pumped through pipes and delivered to equipment throughout the building, which can include hot water coils in air handling units, service hot water heating equipment, and terminal units. %team boilers produce steam that ows through pipes from areas of high pressure pressure to areas of low pressure, unaided by an external external energy source such as a pump. %team utili'ed for heating can be directly utili'ed by steam using equipment or can provide heat through a heat exchanger that supplies hot water to the equipment.
Apparatus / laboratory standard boiler 0with built1in temperature measuring2
Procedure
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3o not operate without the protective front cover in place. 4nsure unit is grounded and power supply matches requirements -lose boiler drain clamp. Turn Turn on water at a rate of 5671587 mL!minute. 3o not use soft soft water as as boiler feed. feed. The high al&alinity al&alinity will attac& the glass heaters. /llow boiler to #ll until constant level chamber is discharging water to the drain. Turn Turn power switch on. Light and heater should come on. %et the required temperature and wait till it rises up. u p. /fter /fter that you can ta&e measurements in decreasing or increasing of temperature over time.
Observation Sheet
Calculations There are not not any calculations required required
Results The results of this experiment is is the temperature temperature values measured over time There for a graph can be plotted plotted pressure pressure vs temperature. temperature.
References http9!!nem.org.u&!steam.htm
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