Exciter AC7B Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B IEEE 421.5 2005 Type AC7B Excitation System Model VFE M A X -K D I FD
VU EL
VRE F EC
VAMAX
VRMAX
K P VT
K E + S E ( VE )
+ +
1 1 + sT R
2
VC VS
− Σ +
K PR +
−
K s
VRMIN
+IR
+
sK
DR
1+ sT DR DR
3
4
Σ
K PA + −
K IA VA s
+
π
sT E
−
-K L VFE
Σ
+
K F 2
VX = VES E (VE )
VFE
F E=X f ( I
+
K E
K D K F 1
3 - K IR 4 - K DR 5 - VA 6 - Feedback AC7B supported by PSSE ESAC7B supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
)N
+
+
2 - Sensed Vt
FEX
I N
Σ+ Σ
States
E FD
π
VX
sK F 3
1+ sT F
1 - VE
1
Spdmlt
0
VEM EMIN IN
+ 6
1 VE
1
Σ
5
VAMI AMIN N
Speed
I N =
KC I FD V E
I FD
Exciter AC8B Exciter AC8B Exciter AC8B IEEE 421.5 2005 AC8B Excitation System
VREF
VFE M A X -K D I FD
VS
1 1 + sT R
2
−
+
Σ +
+
Σ +
VUEL
VRMAX
VPIDMAX
VCOMP +
VOEL
K PR +
K s
+
VPIDMIN
IR
3
sK
DR
1+ sT DR DR 4
K A
1 + sT A
K E + S E ( VE ) 5
1
Σ V
+
1
π
sT E
R
−
VRMIN
FEX
VEM EMIN IN F
VFE
E FD
= f ( I )N
EX
I N
Σ
+
K E + S E(V E)
+
K D
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - PID 1 4 - PID 2 5 - VR Model supported by PSSE
I N =
K C I FD V E
IFD
Exciter AC8B Exciter AC8B Exciter AC8B IEEE 421.5 2005 AC8B Excitation System
VREF
VFE M A X -K D I FD
VS
1 1 + sT R
2
−
+
Σ +
+
Σ +
VUEL
VRMAX
VPIDMAX
VCOMP +
VOEL
K PR +
K s
+
VPIDMIN
IR
3
sK
DR
1+ sT DR DR 4
K A
1 + sT A
K E + S E ( VE ) 5
1
Σ V
+
1
π
sT E
R
−
VRMIN
FEX
VEM EMIN IN F
VFE
E FD
= f ( I )N
EX
I N
Σ
+
K E + S E(V E)
+
K D
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - PID 1 4 - PID 2 5 - VR Model supported by PSSE
I N =
K C I FD V E
IFD
Exciter BPA_EA Exciter BPA_EA Continuously Acting DC Rotating Excitation System Model Regulator VST B
Filter VT
1 1 + sT R
VRMAX
+ 2
− Σ +
+
K A
Σ
3
1+ sT A
−
1 1+ sT A1
4 +
Exciter
Σ −
1 sT E
VRMIN VRE F 5
Stabilizer sK F 1+ sT F
States
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VR1 5 - VF Model in the public pu blic domain, available from BPA
S E + K E
E FD
1
Exciter BPA BPA EB Exciter BPA EB Westinghouse Pre-1967 Brushless Excitation System Model Exciter
Regulator VST B VT
Filter 1 1 + sT R
VRMAX
+ 2
− Σ +
+
Σ
K A −
1
3
1+ sT A
1+ sT A1
VRMIN Stabilizer
VRE F 5
sK F
1+ sT F
States
1 - E FD before li limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VR1 5 - VF 6 - VF1 Model in the public domain, available from BPA
6
1 1+ sT F 1
4
E FDMAX +
Σ −
1
1
E FD
sT E S E + K E
E FDMIN
=
0
Exciter BPA EC Exciter BPA EC Westinghouse Brushless Since 1966 Excitation System Model Regulator VST B
VRMAX +
VT
Exciter
− Σ +
+
Σ
K A
1+ sT A
−
1
2
3 +
1+ sT A1 VRMIN
VR EF 4
Stabilizer sK F 1+ sT F
States
1 - E FD before limit 2 - VR 3 - VR1 4 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
E FDMAX
Σ −
1
E FD
sT E S E + K E
S E + K E
1
E FDMIN
=
0
Exciter BPA ED Exciter BPA ED SCPT Excitation System Model Regulator
VRE F ' T
V
1 1 + sT R
− +
VB M A X
VRMAX
+
2
Exciter
Σ
+
Σ −
K A
4 +
1
3
1+ sT A
1+ sT A1 VR
VB
Σ +
VRMIN
+
1
Σ
sT E
−
0
K E
VS 5
V T I T
⎛ 0.78 ⋅ I FD ⎞ A = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ V THEV ⎠ If A > 1, V B = 0
2
VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT
IFD
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VR 5 - Feedback Model in the public domain, available from BPA
V THEV
1− A
π
sK F
1 + sT F
Stabilizer
1
E FD
Exciter BPA EE Exciter BPA EE Non-Continuously Active Rheostatic Excitation System Model Exciter
Regulator VRMAX VT'
−
Σ
K A'
+
1+ sT RH
+
VRE F
VRMIN
VT'
∗
E FDMAX
If:
VRH 2
ΔVT ≥ KV , VR =VRMAX ΔVT < KV , VR = VRH
VR
ΔVT ≤ −KV , VR =VRMIN
+
Σ −
1
1
sT E
S E + K E
−
Σ
Δ VT
+ ' TO
V
States
1 - EField before limit 2 - VRH Model in the public domain, available from BPA
E FD
* NOTE: If the time constant TRH is equal to zero, this block is represented as K A' /s
E FDMIN
Exciter BPA EF Exciter BPA EF Westinghouse Continuous Acting Brushless Rotating Alternator Excitation System Model
Regulator VSO
VRMAX +
VT
( T R = 0 )
Exciter
− +
Σ
+
K A (1+ sT A )
Σ
E FDMAX 2 +
s
−
−
VRMIN
VR EF 3
Stabilizer sK F 1+ sT F
States
1 - EField before limit 2 - VR 3 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
Σ
1
E FD
sT E S E + K E
S E + K E
1
E FDMIN
=
0
Exciter BPA EG Exciter BPA EG SCR Equivalent Excitation System Model
Regulator VRE F
VRMAX +
VT
− +
Σ
+
Σ −
K A
1
2
1+ sT A
1+ sT A1 VR VRMIN
VSO 3
sK F
1 + sT F
Stabilizer
States
1 - EField 2 - VA 3 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1
E FD
Exciter BPA EJ Exciter BPA EJ Westinghouse Static Grand Couple PP#3 Excitation System Model
Regulator VSO
VRMAX
Filter VT'
1 1+ sT R
+
2
− +
Σ
+
Σ
K A −
1+ sT A
4
Stabilizer sK F 1+ sT F
1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1
π
1+ sT A1 VRMIN
VR EF
States
1
3
E FDMAX
E FDMIN
E FD
Exciter BPA EK Exciter BPA EK General Electric Alterrex Excitation System Model Regulator VSO
VRMAX +
VT (TR =0)
Exciter
− +
+
Σ Σ
K A −
1+ sT A
2
1 1+ sT A1
VRMIN
VR EF 4
Stabilizer sK F 1+ sT F
States
1 - EField before limit 2 - VR 3 - VR1 4 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
3 +
E FDMAX
Σ −
1
1
E FD
sT E S E + K E
E FDMIN
=
0
Exciter BPA FA Exciter BPA FA WSCC Type A (DC1) Excitation System Model
VS
VRE F V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
1 1 + sT R
2
+
−
Σ
VER R + +
Σ −
VF
VRMAX 1+ sT C 1+ sT B
3
K A
1+ sT A
V R 4
sK F
1 + sT F
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
Σ −
VFE
VRMIN
5
+
1 sT E S E + K E
E FD 1
Exciter BPA FB Exciter BPA FB WSCC Type B (DC2) Excitation System Model
VS
VRE F V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
1 1 + sT R
2
−
+
Σ
VER R + +
Σ −
VF
VT VRMAX 1+ sT C 1+ sT B
3
K A
V R
1+ sT A
4
sK F
1 + sT F
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
Σ −
VFE
VT VRMIN 5
+
1 sT E S E + K E
E FD 1
Exciter BPA FC Exciter BPA FC WSCC Type C (AC1) Excitation System Model VRE F V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
2
1 1 + sT R
−
+
Σ
VER R
VRMAX
VS +
+
Σ −
1+ sT C
4
1+ sT B VF
1 - VE
3
1+ sT A
VR
+
1
Σ
sK F
1+ sT F
1
sT E
−
VE
E FD
π FEX
0
VRMIN
5
States
K A
F EX = f ( I VFE
)N
I N
Σ
+
K E
+
I N =
KC I FD V E
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
K D
I FD
Exciter BPA FD Exciter BPA FD WSCC Type D (ST2) Excitation System Model VRE F V T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
I T
VC
−
1 + sT R
+
2
1
Σ
VER R
VRMAX
EFDMAX
+
K A
Σ +
VS
3
1+ sT A
−
VR
VRMIN
VF
+
Σ +
VB
+
1
1
Σ
E FD
sT E
−
0 K E
4
sK F
1 + sT F V T
VE = K PVT + jK I I T
I T
VE
If K P = 0. and K I = 0., V B = 1.
π
States
IFD
I N =
1 - EField
KC I FD V E
I N
F EX = f ( I
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
)N
FEX
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF
Exciter BPA FE Exciter BPA FE WSCC Type E (DC3) Excitation System Model
VRE F V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
+
2
1
Σ
−
1 + sT R
VRMAX K V
V
VER R
− V
RMAX
RMIN
VRH 3
sKV T RH
− K V
If V
VRMIN ≥ K V, V R=V RMAX
ERR
< K V, V R=V RH
If V
ERR
If V
≤ −K V, V R=V RMIN ERR
States
1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VRH Model in the public domain, available from BPA
+
VR
Σ −
1 sT E
VFE
K E + SE
1
E FD
Exciter BPA FF Exciter BPA FF e F AC2 Excitation S stem Model
WSCC T
VRE F V T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
I T
VC
2
1 1 + sT R
−
+
Σ
VER R
VAMAX
VS +
+
Σ −
VF
4
1+ sT C
K A
1+ sT B
1+ sT A VAMIN
VR M A X
3
+
Σ −
VA
LV Gate
VL
VH
+
K B VRMIN
K L
VR
Σ
1
1
Σ
sT E
− −
VE
FEX
0
+
= f ( I F EX
VLR
K H 5
States
sK F
1+ sT F
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt
+
K E + SE
+
3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
)N
I N
VFE
Σ
E FD
π
K D
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter BPA FG Exciter BPA FG WSCC Type G (AC4) Excitation System Model
VRE F V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
2
1 1 + sT R
−
+
Σ
VER R
VIMAX +
Σ
1+ sT B
+
VS
States
1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1+ sT C
VIMIM
(VR M AX − K C I FD ) 3
K A
1+ sT A
1
E FD (VR M IN − K C I FD )
Exciter BPA FH Exciter BPA FH WSCC Type H (AC3) Excitation System Model VR EF V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
2
1 1 + sT R
−
+
Σ
VER R
Σ
K LV
+
VAMAX
VS
+ +
1+ sT C
Σ
4
1+ sT B
−
HV Gate
K A
3
1+ sT A
VA
VLV +
V N
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model in the public domain, available from BPA
= f ( I F EX
)N
I N
Σ
K F EFD
E FD N
E FD
VFE
K N
s
1+ sT F
π FEX
0 K R
5
sT E
−
R
VE 1
1
π V Σ
VAMIN
VF
−
+
K E + SE
+
K D
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter BPA BPA FH Exciter BPA FH WSCC Type H Excitation System Model VRE F V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
2
1 1 + sT R
−
+
Σ
VER R
VAMAX
VS
+ +
1+ sT C
Σ
4
1+ sT B
−
K A
3
1+ sT A
VA
π
VR
sT E
−
VEMIN K R
V N
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model in the public pub lic domain, available from BPA
π F E=X f ( I
)N
VFE I N
Σ
K F EFD
E FD N
E FD
FEX
K N
s
1+ sT F
VE 1
1
Σ
VAMIN
VF
5
+
+
K E + SE
+
K D
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter BPA BPA FJ Exciter BPA FJ WSCC Type J Excitation System Model VR EF V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
1 1 + sT R
2
+
Σ
−
VER R
+
VRMAX
Σ
1+ sT C
3
1+ sT B
+ −
VS
K A
1+ sT A VRMIN
VF 4
sK F
1+ sT F
States
1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL 4 - VF Model in the public pub lic domain, available from BPA
( VT E F D M A X − K C I F D ) 1
E FD ( VT E F D M I N − K C I F D )
Exciter BPA BPA FK Exciter BPA FK WSCC Type K (ST1) Excitation System Model VR EF V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
1 + sT R
+
2
1
−
Σ
VER R
(VT VR M A X − K C I FD FD )
VIMAX +
1+ sT C
Σ
1+ sT B
+ −
VS
VF 4
sK F
1+ sT F
1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL 4 - VF Model in the public pub lic domain, available from BPA
K A
1+ sT A
1
E FD ( VT VR M IN − K C I FD FD )
VIMIM
States
3
Exciter BPA BPA FL Exciter BPA FL WSCC Type L (ST3) Excitation System Model VR EF V T I T
VC = VT + (RC + jXC )IT
VC
2
1
−
1 + sT R
+
Σ VGMAX
VER R
K G
VS VIMAX
+ +
VG
Σ
VRMAX E FDMAX
−
K J
+
1+ sT C
3
+
1+ sT B
VA
K A
Σ
VIMIN
1
1+ sT A
π
VR
VB
VRMIN
VRE F V T I T
VE = K PVT + j ( K I + K PX L) I T
IFD States
1 - VM 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL Model in the public pub lic domain, available from BPA
I N =
KC I FD V E
I N
VE
E FD
π
F E= X f ( I
)N
K P = KPe jθ p
FEX
Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV
No block diagrams have been created
Exciter DC4B Exciter DC4B IEEE 421.5 2005 DC4B Excitation S stem Model VO EL
VO EL (OEL=1)
(OEL=2)
Alternate OEL Inputs
V
VUE L (UEL=1)
Alternate UEL Inputs
UE L (UEL=2)
Speed VT
VRE F
1
+ 2 −
1 + sT R
+
−
Σ
+
−
VS
K P +
K I s
+
1+ sT D
3
VF
HV Gate
sK D
1
5
VRMAX K A EC
VT VRMAX
LV Gate
π
K A
VR
1+ sT A
+
1
Σ
sT E
−
VEMIN
VT VR MIN
4
VRMIN K A
Σ
+
VX = VES E (VE )
+
K E States
1 - EFD
6
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - PID1 4 - PID2 5 - VR 6 - Feedback Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
sK F
1+ sT F
1
0 Spdmlt
π
E FD
Exciter ESAC1A Exciter ESAC1A IEEE Type AC1A Excitation System Model
VUE L
VS EC 2
1 + sT R
−
Σ
+
−
VRE F
VAMAX 1+ sT C
K A
1+ sT B
1+ sT A
3
HV Gate
+
LV Gate
VR VRMIN
VAMIN
VF
1
VR M A X
4
+
1
Speed
Σ
sT E
−
sK F
1+ sT F
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
VE
FEX
VX =VES E (VE ) VFE
Σ
+
E FD
π
0
VO EL 5
1
1
Spdmlt
0
= f ( I F EX
)N
VX +
Σ
+
K E
+
K D
I N =
KC I FD V E
I FD
Exciter ESAC2A Exciter ESAC2A IEEE Type AC2A Excitation System Model
VFEMAX -K D I FD EC
VS
VRE F 1 1+sTR
−
+ +
Σ
2
−
VAMAX
VO EL
VUE L
VRMAX
4
1+sTC
K A
1+sTB
1+sTA
VF
VAMIN
+
3
VA
Σ
HV Gate
K B
−
LV Gate
+ VR
Σ
sK F 1+sTF
VX =VES E (VE )
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
π
+
+ VFE
E FD
FEX =f(I N ) I N
+ VX
Σ
Spdmlt
FEX
K E I N =
+
1 - VE
VE
0
Σ States
0
sTE
−
K H 5
1 1
1
VRMIN
VH
Speed
K E +S E (VE )
K D
K C I FD VE I FD
Exciter ESAC3A Exciter ESAC3A IEEE Type AC3A Excitation System Model
K R
VUE L 2
1 1 + sT R
+
VC
−
Σ +
VAMAX 1+ sT C 1+ sT B
VS
4
HV Gate
+
Σ −
K A
3
1+ sT A
VA
K E + S E ( VE )
π
+
VR
1
Σ
1
sT E
−
VFE
VF
VX =VES E (VE )
Σ
+
+
Σ
V N
s 5
1+ sT F
4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
V N
E FD
π F E= X f ( I
)N
I N +
K E
K D
2 - Sensed Vt
Spdmlt
0
+
States
1 - VE
VE
1
FEX
VEMIN
VAMIN
VX
3 - VA
Speed
VFE M A X -K D I FD
VR EF
EC
K N K F EFD
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter ESAC4A Exciter ESAC4A IEEE Type AC4A Excitation System Model
VUE L VR EF + EC
1
2
1 + sT R
−
VS
States
1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL Model supported by PSLF and PSSE PSSE uses nonwindup limit on EFD
1+ sT C
Σ +
VR M A X -K C I IFD
VIMAX VI VIMIN
1+ sT B
3
HV Gate
K A
1
1+ sT A VRMIN
E FD
Exciter ESAC5A Exciter ESAC5A IEEE Type AC5A Excitation System Model EC
VR EF
VRMAX
+
1
2
1 + sT R
− +
K A
Σ
3
1+ sT A
−
+
Σ
sT E
−
0
VRMIN
VS
4
5
sKF (1+ sTF 3 )
(1+ sTF1 ) (1+ sTF 2 ) I f TF 2 = 0 , t h e n s TF 3 = 0 .
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - Feedback 1 5 - Feedback 2 Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
1
1
V X = V E ⋅ S E (V E )
VX +
Σ
+
K E
E FD
Exciter ESAC6A Exciter ESAC6A IEEE Type AC6A Excitation System Model Speed
VUE L
VRE F
EC
VAMAX
1 1 + sT R
2
VC −
Σ +
1
VT V R M A X
+ +
K A (1+ sT K )
3
1+ sT A
1+ sT C
4 +
1+ sT B
VA
−
VR VT VR M IN
VAMIN
VS
+
Σ
sT E
−
1+ sT H
K H
VH
0
−
Σ+
VFELIM
Σ
+
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - TA Block 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
)N
I N +
Σ
+
K E
+
States
F E= X f ( I
VX VFE
E FD
π FEX
VX = VES E (VE )
1+ sT J
VE
0
VHMAX 5
1
1
Σ
Spdmlt
0
K D
I N =
KC I FD V E
I FD
Exciter ESAC8B_GE Exciter ESAC8B_GE IEEE Type AC8B with Added Speed Multiplier.
VREF
K PR
VFEMAX -K D I FD VRMAX
VCOMP 1 1 + sT R
2
−
+
Σ
+
+
K IR s
3
+
Σ
K A
1 + sT A
+
K E +S E (VE ) 5
Σ V
sK DR
4
1 + sT DR
Spdmlt
0
π
sT E
R
−
VRMIN VS
1 1
1
+
Speed
E FD
FEX
VEMIN F
VFE
= f ( I )N
EX
I N
Σ
+
K E+ S
E
(V E)
+
K D
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - PID 1 4 - PID 2 5 - VR Model supported by PSLF If VTMULT <> 0, VRMAX = VT VRMAX and VRMIN = VT VRMIN
I N =
K C I FD V E
I FD
Exciter ESAC8B_PTI Exciter ESAC8B_PTI
VR EF VC
K PR
VRMAX +
+
1
2
1 + sT R
−
Σ
K IR
4
+
s
+
VS
Σ +
K A
1+ sT A
5
+
VR
1
Σ
sT E
−
0
VRMIN sK DR
3
V X = EFD ⋅ SE ( EFD)
1 + sT D
VX +
Σ
States
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - Derivative Controller 4 - Integral Controller 5 - VR Model supported by PSSE
+
K E
1
E FD
Exciter ESDC1A
IEEE T VR EF EC
1 1 + sT R
2
VC − +
+
Σ
VS
−
Exciter ESDC1A e DC1A Excitation S stem Model VRMAX
VUE L 1+ sT C 1+ sT B
5
K A
HV Gate
1+ sT A
+
3
VR
1
Σ
E FD
sT E
−
0
VRMIN VFE
VF
1
V X = EFD ⋅ SE ( EFD) VX +
Σ 4
+
K E
sK F
1 + sT F 1
States
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF 5 - Lead-Lag Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes spdmlt, exclim, and UEL inputs that are read but not utilized in the Simulator implementation
Exciter ESDC2A
IEEE T VR EF EC
+
1 1 + sT R
2
VC − +
Σ −
Exciter ESDC2A e DC2A Excitation S stem Model VT VRMAX
VUE L 1+ sT C 1+ sT B
5
K A
HV Gate
1+ sT A
3
+
VR
1
Σ
sT E
−
VT VRMIN
VS VF
VFE
V X = EFD ⋅ SE ( EFD) VX +
Σ 4
+
K E
sK F
1 + sT F 1
States
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF 5 - Lead-Lag Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes spdmlt, exclim, and UEL inputs that are read but not utilized in Simulator
1
E FD
Exciter ESDC3A Exciter ESDC3A IEEE Type DC3A with Added Speed Multiplier
VRE F
VC
1 1 + sT R
1 +
−
Σ
VRMAX K V VER R
V
− K V
− V
RMAX
RMIN
3
sKV T RH VRMIN
VRH
VX
− ≥ K V, V R=V RMAX ERR VR If V ERR≤ −K ,V V R=V RMIN + Σ Else V R= V RH
If V
Speed
V X = EFD ⋅ SE ( EFD) 1
1
2
K E + sT E
If exclim <> 0 then 0 else unlimited
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VRH Model supported by PSLF
0
Spdmlt
π
E FD
Exciter ESST1A
IEEE T
Exciter ESST1A e ST1A Excitation S stem Model V
V
UE L (UEL=1)
U EL (UEL=3)
Alternate UEL Inputs
V
V
S (VOS=1)
Alternate Stabilizer Inputs
V
U EL (UEL=2)
EC 2
1
VAMAX
VIMAX
+
−
Σ
+
−
1 + sT R
S (VOS=2)
+
VI VIMIN
HV Gate
(1+ sTC )(1+ sTC 1 ) (1+ sT B )(1+ sTB1 ) 3
4
VR EF
K A
1+ sT A
1
+
VA
VT VRMAX -K C I FD
+
Σ
HV Gate
LV Gate
E FD
−
VT VR M IN
VAMIN
VO EL VF
K LR
0 States
1 - VA 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL 4 - LL1 5 - Feedback Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
5
sK F
1+ sT F
I FD
Σ
+
−
I LR
Exciter ESST2A Exciter ESST2A IEEE Type ST2A Excitation System Model VUE L
VR EF EC
+
1 1 + sT R
2
VC −
1+ sT C
Σ −
+
VS
VRMAX HV Gate
1+ sT B
VF
EFDMAX
K A
3
1+ sT A
VR
VRMIN
π
+
1
Σ
sT E
−
0
VB
K E 4
sK F
1 + sT F V T
VE = K PVT + jK I I T
I T
IFD
I N =
VE
KC I FD V E
I N
If K P = 0 and K I = 0, V B = 1
π
= f ( I F EX
)N
FEX
States
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes UEL input that is read but not utilized in Simulator
1
E FD
Exciter ESST3A Exciter ESST3A IEEE Type ST3A Excitation System Model VGMAX K G VS EC 2 −
1 + sT R
Σ
+
VG
VRMAX
VIMAX
+
1
VUE L
VMMAX
−
VI
HV Gate
1+ sT C
4
K A
3 +
1+ sT B
VA
1+ sT A
VR
VIMIN V T
VE = K PVT + j ( K I + K PX L) I T
I T
K P = KPe
1+ sT M VMMIN
VRMIN
VRE F
K M
Σ
VE
IFD
States
1 - VM 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - LL Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
KC I FD V E
I N
π
= f ( I F EX
)N
VM
VBMAX
jθ P
I N =
1
FEX
π VB
E FD
Exciter ESST4B Exciter ESST4B IEEE Type ST4B Potential- or Compound-Source Controlled-Rectifier Exciter Model
VUE L VC O M P
VRMAX +
1
K G
VS
2 −
1 + sT R
VMMAX
+
Σ
+
VRE F
−
K PR +
K IR s
4
1
VR
3 +
1+ sT A
Σ
K PM +
K IM
1
s
VMMIN
VRMIN V T
VE = KPVT + j ( KI + KP X L ) IT
I T
K P = KPe
LV Gate
VO EL VE
VBMAX
π
jθ P
IFD
I N =
KC I FD V E
I N
F EX = f ( I
States
1 - VM 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VR Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes VGMAX input that is read but not utilized in Simulator
)N
FEX
π VB
E FD
Exciter EWTGFC Exciter EWTGFC Excitation Control Model for Full Converter GE Wind-Turbine Generators Reactive Pow er Control Model
VRF Q
VC 4
1
−
1 + sT R
5
K IV
+
1
∑
f N
s K PV
3 +
Pelec
7
1+ sT P
6
1+ sT FV Q M IN
Q REF
tan 1
1
∑
1+ sT V PFAREF
Q M AX
+
π
0
1 pfaflg
QREF
1
0
VMA X
Q gen
Q M AX
− +
VRE F
s
−1 varflg
1
K QI
∑
I QMAX
Q M IN
+
K VI
∑
s
−
VT E R M
VMIN
2 - Eqppcmd
Converter Current Limit
I PMAX
÷
PORD
I PCMD
3 - K PV 4 - VregMeas 5 - K IV 6 - QORD 7 - PMeas Model supported by PSLF
2
I QMIN
pqflag States
1 - Vref
IQCMD
Pelec
−
∑
1
VTERM
+ + −
Pdbr
∑ 0
K dbr −
0
∑
+
E BST
1 s
Exciter EX2000 Exciter EX2000 IEEE Type AC7B Alternator-Rectifier Excitation System Model
Field Current Limiter
KP ⋅ ETRM
VAMAX
VRMAX EC
1
2
1 + sT R
−
Σ
+
REF Reference Signal
K PR +
+
K IR s
− 4
VRMIN 1st PI Controller
Σ
K PA +
VF
K IA s
+
Minimum VA Gate 1
π
3
− K L VFE
VAMIN
VEMAX
Σ
sT E
−
+
+
K F 2
VE
FEX
VX = VES E (VE )
VFE
E FD
π
VEMIN
2nd PI Controller
Σ
1
1
= f ( I F EX
)E
VX + +
Σ Σ
If field current limiter is included, VEMAX is off. V -K I If field current limiter is excluded, VEMAX = FEMAX D FD K E +SE (VE ) States
3 - VAPI 4 - VRPI 5 - LL 6 - IFD PI Model supported by PSSE
K E
+
K D
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt
+
K F 1
I N =
KC I FD V E
I FD
Exciter EX2000 REFERENCE SIGNAL MODEL Exciter EX2000 Reference Signal Model
Frequency
QELEC
SBASE
1
Machine MVA BASE
ETERM
KVHZ
Reactive Current
KRCC
REFLIMP
VREF VUEL
+ + +
VSTB
Reference Signal Model
Model supported by PSSE
−
Σ
Minimum Gate 2
REF
Exciter EX2000 FIELD CURRENT LIMITER MODEL Exciter EX2000 Field Current Limiter Model
IFD REF1
Level Detector
Latch Gate 1
Output =1 if level exceeded
Inverse Timing IFD REF2
OR
( I 1, T 1)
Output =1 if timing expired
Latch Gate 2
( I 2, T 2) ( I 3, T 3) ( I 4, T 4)
IFD LIMP I FD
KPIFD + A
C
IFD REF3
A
C
s
To Minimum Gate 1
Σ −
IFD LIMN
B
3rd PI Controller
B
1+ sT LEAD 1+ sT LAG
Model supported by PSSE
6
D
+ D
IFD REF4
KIIFD
5
IFD ADVLIM Advance Limit Field Current Lim iter M odel (Over Excitation Limiter)
Switch Operation Output D = B if C =0 Output D = A if C=1
Exciter EXAC1 Exciter EXAC1 IEEE Type AC1 Excitation System Model VS
VRE F EC
1 1 + sT R
2
+ −
VC
Σ
VRMAX
+ +
Σ −
1+ sT C
4
K A
1+ sT A
1+ sT B
3
+
VR
Σ
sT E
−
VE
FEX
= f ( I F EX 5
sK F
1+ sT F States
1 - VE
E FD
π
0
VRMIN
VF
1
1
)N
VFE
Σ
+
K E + SE
+
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF also uses VAMIN and VAMAX Simulator will narrow the limit range as appropriate when loading the DYD file If VAMIN > VRMIN then VRMIN = VAMIN If VAMAX < VRMAX then VRMAX = VAMAX Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
K D
I N =
KC I FD V E
I FD
Exciter EXAC1A Exciter EXAC1A Modified Type AC1 Excitation System Model
VS
VRE F EC
1 1 + sT R
2
−
VC
+
Σ
VRMAX
+ +
1+ sT C
Σ −
VF
1+ sT B
4
K A
1+ sT A
3 +
VR
1
Σ
1
sT E
−
E FD
π FEX
0
VRMIN
VE
F EX = f ( I
)N
VFE
Σ
+
K E + SE
+
K D
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt
5
sK F
1+ sT F
3 - VR 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter EXAC2 Exciter EXAC2 e AC2 Excitation S stem Model
IEEE T
VRE F EC
1
2
−
1 + sT R V C
VS
+
Σ
4
+ +
VAMAX
Σ −
VF
3
1+ sT C
K A
1+ sT B
1+ sT A
VR M A X +
Σ
VA
−
VH
VAMIN
LV Gate
VL
+
K B VRMIN
K L
VR
Σ
VE 1
1
Σ
sT E
− −
FEX
0
+
= f ( I F EX
VLR
K H 5
sK F
1+ sT F
+
K E + SE
+
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
)N
I N
VFE
Σ
E FD
π
K D
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter EXAC3 Exciter EXAC3 IEEE Type AC3 Excitation System Model
EC
1 1 + sT R
2
+
−
VC
Σ
1+ sT C
Σ
1+ sT B
−
4
HV Gate
K A
3
1+ sT A
VA
π
+
VR
V N
sT E
−
FEX
F EX = f ( I
)N
VFE I N
Σ
K F EFD
EFD N
E FD
π
K N
s
1+ sT F
VE 1
1
Σ 0
K R 5
VFEMAX
VLV
VAMIN
VF
−
+
VAMAX
+ +
Σ
K LV
VS
VR EF
+
K E + SE
+
K D States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter EXAC3A Exciter EXAC3A IEEE Type AC3 Excitation System Model
K R VRE F EC
1 1 + sT R
2 +
−
VC
Σ +
VEMAX
VAMAX 1+ sT C 1+ sT B
4
+
Σ −
K A
3
1+ sT A
VA
π
+
VR
1
Σ
VE 1
FEX
F EX = f ( I
VEMIN
Σ
+
I N =
K E + SE
+
V N
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSLF
K N
I N KC I FD
V E
I FD
K D
s
1+ sT F
)N
VFE
VF
5
E FD
π
sT E
−
VAMIN
VS
Speed
K F EFD
EFD N
VFEMAX = VEMAX = VEMIN =
( K L1VC +VS +VREF -VC -VF ) K FA K L1
( VFEMAX -K D I FD ) SE +K E VLV FEX
Exciter EXAC4
IEEE T
VS
VRE F EC
1 1 + sT R
2 −
Exciter EXAC4 e AC4 Excitation S stem Model
+
+
Σ
Σ
VER R +
States
1 - EField before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
VIMAX
VR M AX -K C I IFD
1+ sT C VIMIN
1+ sT B
3
K A
1
E FD
1+ sT A VR M IN -K C I IFD
Exciter EXAC6A Exciter EXAC6A e AC6A Excitation S stem Model
IEEE T
VRE F EC
2
1
−
1 + sT R
+
Σ +
VAMAX K A (1+ sT k )
3
1+ sT A
1+ sT C
4
1+ sT B
VA
+
Σ −
VAMIN
VS
Speed
VT VRMAX +
VR
1
Σ
sT E
−
VT VRMIN
0
VE 1
FEX
F EX = f ( I
VH M A X 5
1+ sT J 1+ sT H
VH
K H 0
Σ+ Σ −
VFELIM
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - TA Block 4 - VLL 5 - VF Model supported by PSLF
+
K E + SE
+
E FD
π
I N =
)N
I N KC I FD
V E
VFE
K D
I FD
Exciter EXAC8B Exciter EXAC8B Brushless Exciter with PID Voltage Regulator
VR EF EC 2
1 1 + sT R
− +
K VP
VRMAX +
+ VIMAX
Σ
K VI s
5
+Σ +
-V IMAX VS
1 1+ sT A
3
Speed
+
1
Σ 0
VRMIN sK VD
sT E
−
VE 1
FEX
F EX = f ( I
4
E FD
π )N
I N
1 + sT VD
Σ
+
K E + SE
+
I N =
KC I FD V E
VFE
K D
States
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - Derivative 5 - Integral Model supported by PSLF
I FD
Exciter EXBAS Exciter EXBAS Basler Static Voltage Regulator Feeding DC or AC Rotating Exciter Model VRE F EC −
1 + sT R
VU EL
Σ
+
+ +
Σ
K P +
−
VRMAX
4
+
+
2
1
VST B 5
K I
1+ sT C
K A
s
1+ sT B
1+ sT A
3
+
VE 1
1
Σ
sT E
−
FEX
VRMIN
= f ( I F EX
VO EL 7
sK F
1+ sT F
6
1+ sT F 1 1+ sT F 2
Σ
+
K E + SE
K D
1 - VE 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - PI 5 - LL 6 - Feedback LL 7 - Feedback Model supported by PSSE
)N
I N
+
States
E FD
π
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter EXBBC Exciter EXBBC Transformer-fed Excitation System VRE F EC
1 1+ sT F
−
Σ
+
1+ sT 3
+
1+ sT 4
VRMAX +
+
T K 2 T 1
Σ +
−
VRMIN
E T E FDM AX +
1+ sT E
Σ −
E T E FDM IN
X E
1 ⎛ T 1
⎞ 1 ⎜ −1⎟ K ⎝ T2 ⎠ 1+ sT2
I FD Sw itch = 1
Sw itch = 0
Σ
1
Supplemental Signal
Model supported by PSLF but not yet implemented in Simulator
E FD
Exciter EXDC1 Exciter EXDC1 IEEE DC1 Excitation System Model VS EC
VRMAX +
1 1 + sT R
VRE F
2
−
Σ +
−
1+ sT C
3
1+ sT B
2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model supported by PSLF
4
1+ sT A
VR
+
Σ
1 sT E
VRMIN
K E + SE sK F
1+ sT F 1
1 - EFD
K A
−
VF 5
States
Speed
π
E FD 1
Exciter EXDC2_GE Exciter EXDC2_GE IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model
Vcomp
+
1 1 + sT R
2
−
Speed
VS
VRE F
+
Σ −
VRMAX VT 1+ sT C
3
4 +
K A
1+ sT A
1+ sT B
−
VRMIN VT
(1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 )
States
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF1 6 - VF2 Model supported by PSLF
1 1+ sT E K E + SE
sK F 5
Σ
6
π
E FD 1
Exciter EXDC2_PTI Exciter EXDC2_PTI IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model
VRE F
Vcomp 1
2
−
1 + sT R
VRM AX VT
+
+
Σ
Speed
VS
VER R
+
1+ sT C
Σ
3
K A
1+ sT A
1+ sT B
−
VRMIN VT 5
sK F
1+ sT F 1
States
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model supported by PSEE
4 +
Σ −
1 1+ sT E K E + SE
π
E FD 1
Exciter EXDC2A Exciter EXDC2A IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model
VS EC
1
2
1 + sT R
VRM AX VT
+ −
1+ sT C
Σ
3
1+ sT B
+ −
VRE F 5
sK F
1+ sT F 1
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model supported by PSLF
4 +
1+ sT A
VR
VRMIN VT VF
States
K A
Speed
Σ −
1 sT E K E + SE
π
E FD 1
Exciter EXDC4 Exciter EXDC4 IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
VS
VRMAX −
+
Σ
EC +
Speed
1
1
-K R K R
sT RH
-1
VRE F
VRMIN
2
VRH
+
VR
1
Σ
K E + sT E
−
π
VRMAX -K V VRMIN
States
1 - EFD 2 - VRH Model supported by PSLF
S E K V
π
E FD 1
Exciter EXELI Exciter EXELI Static PI Transformer Fed Excitation System Model
K s1 PGEN
S MAX
+
⎛ sT W ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 1 + sT W ⎠ 4
5
3
−sT s2 1+ sT s2
Σ +
K s 2
6
8
− S MAX
7
1 + sT s1 EC
1 1 + sT FV
Σ
−
States
1 - T NU
E FMAX
+
2
+
+
V PU
VR EF
Σ +
1
V PI
+
E FD
Σ −
−
E FMIN
X E −
Σ+
4 - PGEN Washout1 5 - PGEN Washout2
8 - Washout Stabilizer Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
Σ
V PNF
3 - Sensed IFLD
7 - Lag Stabilizer
+
sT NU
2 - Sensed Vt
6 - PGEN Washout3
1
D PN F
3
1 1+ sT FI
I FD
Exciter EXPIC1 Exciter EXPIC1 Pro ortional/Inte ral Excitation S stem Model VRE F EC
2
1
−
1 + sT R E T
VR1
+
Σ
+
VS
Σ
VR M A X
K A (1+ sT A1 )
3
s
VA
−
(1+ sT A3 ) (1+ sT A2 )(1+ sTA4 ) 4
VR2
E FDMAX
VR
VB
sK F
(1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 ) 6
V T I T
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VR1 5 - VR 6 - VF1 7 - VF Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
π
FEX
If K P = 0 and K I = 0, then V B = 1 If T E = 0, then EFD = E0 States
7
VE = K PVT + jK I I T
I FD
I N =
KC I FD V E
I N
E0 E FDMIN
VRMIN
5
+
π
F EX = f ( I
)N
Σ −
1 sT E
K E + SE
E FD 1
Exciter EXST1_GE Exciter EXST1_GE IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System Model VS
Vcomp 1 1 + sT R
2
+ −
VRE F
VAMAX VIMAX
+
1+ sT C
Σ −
VT VR M AX -K C I IFD
VIMIN
1+ sT C 1
3
1+ sT B
5
K A
1+ sT A
1+ sT B1
1
+
Σ
+
−
K lr
Σ −
0
I lr
States
1 - VA 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL 4 - VF 5 - VLL1 Model supported by PSLF
−
X E
sK F
1+ sT F
E FD
VT VR M IN -K C I IFD
VAMIN 4
Σ
+
I FD
Exciter EXST1_PTI Exciter EXST1_PTI IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System Model VRE F
Ec 1 1 + sT R
VS
+
2
−
+
Σ
+
VER R
VIMAX
Σ −
VT VR M AX -K C I IFD
1+ sT C
3
sK F
1+ sT F
1 - E FD before limit 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VLL 4 - VF Model supported by PSSE
E FD VT VR M IN -K C I IFD
4
States
1
1+ sT A
1+ sT B
VIMIN
K A
Exciter EXST2 Exciter EXST2 e ST2 Excitation S stem Model
IEEE T
VS
VRE F EC
+ 2
1 1 + sT R
−
Σ
+
VER R
E FDMAX
VRMAX +
1+ sT C
Σ
5
1+ sT A
1+ sT B
−
3
K A
VR
+
Σ +
VRMIN
VB
+
1
Σ
1
E FD
sT E
−
0 K E
sK F
4
1+ sT F V T I T
States
VE = K PVT + jK I I T
VE
If K P = 0 and K I = 0, then V B = 1
π FEX
IFD
I N =
KC I FD V E
I N
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF 5 - VLL Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE does not include TB and TC inputs
F EX = f ( I
)N
Exciter EXST2A Exciter EXST2A Modi ied IEEE T e ST2 Excitation S stem Model VRE F VCOMP 1
VS +
2
−
1 + sT R
Σ
+
VER R
Σ
VRMAX +
1+ sT C 1+ sT B
−
K A
3
1+ sT A
VR
5
VF
E FDMAX
π
+
1
Σ
VB
E FD
sT E
−
VRMIN
1
0 K E
4
sK F
1+ sT F V T I T
VE = K PVT + jK I I T
IFD
I N =
VE
KC I FD V E
I N
If K P = 0 and K I = 0, then V B = 1
π
= f ( I F EX
States
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF 5 - VLL Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE does not include TB and TC inputs
)N
FEX
Exciter EXST3 Exciter EXST3 IEEE Type ST3 Excitation System Model VGMAX
EC
1
2
−
1 + sT R
V T I T
K P = K Pe
+
Σ
K G
VS
VRE F
VER R +
+
VG
VIMAX
Σ
VRMAX
K J
VIMIN
VE = KPVT + j ( KI + KP X L ) IT
3 +
1+ sT B
VA
VE
E FDMAX
−
1+ sT C
K A
∑
1
1+ sT A VR VRMIN
π
jθ P
I FD
I N =
KC I FD V E
I N
= f ( I F EX
)N
FEX
States
1 - VR 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
π E FD VB
Exciter EXST3A Exciter EXST3A IEEE Type ST3 Excitation System Model VGMAX K G
VS EC
1
2
−
1 + sT R
Σ +
+
VG
VIMAX
K J
VIMIN
VRMAX −
1+ sT C
3
1+ sT B
VA
+
VRE F V T
1
1+ sT A VRMIN
VE = KPVT + j ( KI + KP X L ) IT
I T
K A
∑
VE
π E FD VB
VBMAX
π
Speed
K P = K Pe
jθ P
I FD
States
1 - VR 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL Model supported by PSLF
I N =
KC I FD V E
I N
F EX = f ( I
)N
FEX
Exciter EXST4B Exciter EXST4B IEEE Type ST4B Excitation System Model K G VS EC 2
1
+ −
1 + sT R
Σ
VMMAX
VR M A X
K PR +
K IR
4
1+ sT A
s
+
VRE F
− +
K PM +
∑
VMMIN
VRMIN
VT
VE = KPVT + j ( KI + KP X L ) IT
IT K P = K Pe
3
1
VE
π
jθ P
I FD
States
1 - VMInt 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VA 4 - VR Model supported by PSLF
I N =
FEX
KC I FD V E
I N
F EX = f ( I
)N
K IM
1
s
VM
π E FD VB
VBMAX
Exciter EXWTG1 Exciter EXWTG1 Excitation System Model for Wound-Rotor Induction Wind-Turbine Generators
ω R
PE
States
1 - R external 2 - SpeedReg 3 - Washout Model supported by PSLF
−
+
∑ sK DP
1+ sT DP
R MA X
R EX T
ω RE F
1+ sT W 1
K W
1+ sT W 2 3
2
+
+
∑ +
1 1+ sT A R MIN
1
R EXT (E FD )
Exciter EXWTGE Exciter EXWTGE Excitation System Model for GE Wind-Turbine Generators WindVAR Emulation
VR FQ (VR EF )
VREG 1
4
−
1 + sT R
+
K IV s
1
∑
5
f N
PE
1
tan(⋅) 7
1+ sT P
∑
3 + Q M IN
K PV
1+ sT V PFAR EF (VR EF )
Q M AX +
Q RE F (VRE F )
1
Q OR D
1+ sT C
6
Sw itch = 0
Q OR D from separate m odel (VRE F )
π Sw itch = 1 pfaflg Sw itch = 0
Q OR D
States
Sw itch = − 1
Sw itch = 1 varflg
IPCMD (IFD )
From Wind Turbine Model
VT E R M
3 - K PV 4 - VregMeas
VM AX
Q GE N
5 - K IV
Model supported by PSLF
I PMAX
÷
PORD (VS )
2 - E"QCMD
7 - PMeas
Q CM D
Q M IN
1 - Vref
6 - QORD
Q M AX
Open Loop Control
− QCMD
+
∑
−
K QI
VRE F +
s
1
VMIN
VTERM + XI QMAX
∑
K VI s
To G enerator Model
2
EQ''CMD (EFD)
VTERM + XI QMIN
Exciter IEEET1 Exciter IEEET1 IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model 4
sK F
1 + sT F
VR EF EC
1 1 + sT R
VRMAX
+
2
−
Σ +
− +
Σ
K A
1+ sT A
3 +
VR
Σ −
1
E FD
sT E
1
VRMIN VS
V E= S E⋅ E FD VE +
Σ
+
K E
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF Model supported by PSSE Model supported by PSLF includes speed multiplier that is not implemented in Simulator
Exciter IEEET2 Exciter IEEET2 IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model
VR EF EC
1
2
1 + sT R
−
VRMAX
+
Σ
+ +
K A
Σ
3
1+ sT A
−
+
VR
Σ −
1
E FD
sT E
1
VRMIN VS
5
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF1 5 - VF2 Model supported by PSSE
1
sK F
1 + sT F 2
1 + sT F 1 4
V E= S E⋅ E FD VE +
Σ
+
K E
Exciter IEEET3 Exciter IEEET3 e 3 Excitation S stem Model
IEEE T VR EF
VRMAX
EC +
1
2
1 + sT R
−
Σ +
VS
+
K A
Σ
1+ sT A
−
3
VR
VB M A X +
Σ +
VRMIN
1 K E + sT E
VB 0 4
sK F
1 + sT F V T I T
⎛ 0.78 ⋅ I FD ⎞ A = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ V THEV ⎠ If A > 1, V B = 0
2
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF Model supported by PSSE
VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT
I FD
π 1− A
1
E FD
Exciter IEEET4
IEEE T
Exciter IEEET4 e 4 Excitation S stem Model S E ψ
VR EF EC
+ −
Σ
π
VRMAX 1 ΔV
1
-K R K R
sT RH
-1
ΔV
+
< K V
VRH
VR
−
Σ
2
VRMIN ΔV
VRMAX -K V VRMIN
States
1 - EField 2 - VRH Model supported by PSSE
K V
> K V
1
E FD
K E + sT E
1
Exciter IEEET5 Exciter IEEET5 Modi ied IEEE T e 4 Excitation S stem Model S E ψ
VRE F
π
VRMAX
+ EC
−
Σ
ΔV
1
ΔV
sT RH
2
< K V
VRH
+
VR
−
Σ
VRMIN ΔV
VRMAX -K V V
RMAX
VRMIN
States
1 - EField 2 - VRH Model supported by PSSE
K V
> K V
1 K E + sT E
E FD 1
Exciter IEEEX1 Exciter IEEEX1 IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model
VRE F EC
1 1 + sT R
2
−
VS
+
Σ
VRMAX Regulator 1+ sT C 3 K A
+ +
VER R
Σ
1+ sT B
− VF
1+ sT A
4 +
VR
Σ −
1 sT E
VRMIN
K E + SE 5
sK F
1+ sT F 1
Damping
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE
1
E FD
Exciter IEEEX2 Exciter IEEEX2 IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model IEEEX2 VS
VRE F EC
+
1 1 + sT R
2
−
Σ
+
VER R +
Σ − VF
VRMAX Regulator 1+ sT C 3 K A
1+ sT A
1+ sT B
4
+
VR
Σ −
1 sT E
VRMIN
K E + SE sK F
(1+ sTF1 )(1+ sTF 2 ) Damping 5
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL 4 - VR 5 - VF1 6 - VF2 Model supported by PSSE
6
1
E FD
Exciter IEEEX3
IEEE T
VS
VRE F EC
1
2
−
1 + sT R
+
Σ
Exciter IEEEX3 e 3 Excitation S stem Model
VRMAX
Regulator
+ +
VERR
3
K A
Σ
+
1+ sT A
−
VF
VR
Σ +
sK F
1+ sT F Damping VB M A X V T I T
VTHEV = KPVT + jKI IT
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VR 4 - VF Model supported by PSSE
VTH
IFD
V − ( 0.78I FD ) 2 TH
K E + sT E
0
VRMIN 4
1
VB
2
0
1
E FD
Exciter IEEEX4 Exciter IEEEX4 IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model VRE F
VRMAX
EC
1 1 + sT R
2
−
+
K V
Σ
V
VER R
− V
RMAX
RMIN
3
VRH
sKV T RH
− K V
If V
VRMIN
≥ K V, V R=V RMAX
ERR
< K V, V R=V RH
If V
ERR
If V
≤ −K V, V R=V RMIN ERR
+
VR
Σ −
1 sT E
K E + SE
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VRH Model supported by PSSE
1
E FD
Exciter IEET1A Exciter IEET1A Modi ied IEEE T e 1 Excitation S stem Model
VR EF
VRMAX
E FDMAX
+ EC
Σ
− +
+
K A
Σ
1+ sT A
−
2
+
Σ −
sT E E FDMIN
VRMIN
VS 3
sK F
1+ sT F
States
1 - EField 2 - VR 3 - VF Model supported by PSSE
1
1
K E + SE
E FD
Exciter IEET1B Exciter IEET1B Modified IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model
sK F 1
Switch=1
1+ sT F 1 S E
Switch=0 I M AG
ψ
EC
Σ
1
+ −
1 + sT R V T
+ +
Σ
π
VRMAX
VS M A X
+ +
Bias
VRE F
X E
−
K A
+
Σ Σ
1+ sT A1
+
VSMIN
−
1 VR 1+ sT A2
+
VRE G
Σ +
1 sT E
VRMIN VS
Model supported by PSSE but not implemented yet in Simulator
−K E
E FD
Exciter IEET5A
Exciter IEET5A Modified IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model
S E ψ
VRE F
π
VRMAX
+
*
K A
− Σ
2
ΔV
< K V
+
1+ sT RH VRMIN
EC
VR ΔV
−
Σ
> K V
E FDMAX
1
1
K E + sT E E FDMIN
VT O + −
Σ
States
1 - EField 2 - VRH Model supported by PSSE
VRMAX -K V ΔVT
VRMIN
K V
* If T RH equals zero, block becomes
K A s
E FD
Exciter IEEX2A Exciter IEEX2A IEEE Type 2A Excitation System Model
VRE F
VS
+
+
EC
1 1 + sT R
2
−
Σ
VER R
+Σ
− VF
VRMAX 1+ sT C 1+ sT B
3
K A
1+ sT A VRMIN
5
sK F
1+ sT F 1
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - VB 4 - VR 5 - VF Model supported by PSSE
4
+
VR
1
Σ
sT E
− 0
K E + SE
1
E FD
Exciter REXS Exciter REXS General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model VRE F EC 2
1
VRMAX VIMAX
+ −
1 + sT R
+
ΣV
VS
Σ
+
ER R
− VF
K VI
Regulator (1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC 2 )
K A
s
(1+ sT B1)(1+ sTB2 )
1+ sT A
6
K VP +
− VIMAX
7
8
States
VR 5
VRMIN
9
1 - VE
6 - Voltage PI
2 - Sensed VT
7 - VI LL1
3 - VF
8 - VI LL2
4 - Current PI
9 - Feedback
5 - VR
10 - Feedback LL
sK F
K EFD
1+ sT F
I TERM
10
1+ sT F 1
VFMAX
VR
1+ sT F 2
+ +
Σ −
K IP +
K II s
4
1 1+ sT P
3
+
VCMAX
1
+
Σ +Σ
VE
1 sT E 0
−
Speed
FEX
F EX = f ( I
2
)N
I N
0
1
E FD
π
0
VFMIN
K H Fb f
X C
I FE
Σ
+
K E + SE
+
K D Model supported by PSLF. If flimf = 1 then multiply VRMIN ,VRMAX ,VFMIN , and VFMAX by VTERM .
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter REXSY1 Exciter REXSY1 General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model Voltage Regulator
VRE F
EC
+ 2
1
−
1 + sT R
Σ
+
Σ
− VF
+
F ⋅ VRMAX
6
VIMAX
K VP +
K VI
(1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC 2 )
1
s
(1+ sT B1)(1+ sTB2 )
1+ sT A
− VIMAX 10
VS
7
1+ sT F 1
9
1+ sT F 2
8
F ⋅ VRMIN
sK F
F= [1.0 + F1IMF (E T -1.0) ] ⋅ (K E +K D +S E )
VR 5
0
1
1+ sT F
I FE
Fb f 2
E FD
I TERM Exciter Field Current Regulator
VR
+
Σ
K IP + −
K II s
4
X C
F ⋅ VFMAX 1 1+ sT P
3
VCMAX +
1
+ Σ
sT E 0
−
F ⋅ VFMIN
K H
1
VE
FEX
= f ( I F EX I FE
6 - Voltage PI
2 - Sensed VT
7 - VI LL1
3 - VF
8 - VI LL2
4 - Current PI
9 - Feedback
5 - VR
10 - Feedback LL
Model supported by PSSE
)N
I N
States
1 - VE
E FD
π
Σ
+
K E + SE
+
K D
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter REXSYS Exciter REXSYS General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model Voltage Regulator
VRE F
EC
+ 2
1
−
1 + sT R
Σ
+
Σ
− VF
+
F ⋅ VRMAX
6
VIMAX
K VP +
K VI
(1+ sTC1)(1+ sTC 2 )
1
s
(1+ sT B1)(1+ sTB2 )
1+ sT A
− VIMAX
VS
10
7
1+ sT F 1
9
1+ sT F 2
8
F ⋅ VRMIN
sK F
F= [1.0 + F1IMP (E T -1.0) ] ⋅ (K E +K D +SE )
VR 5
0
1
1+ sT F
Fb f
I FE
2 E FD
Exciter Field Current Regulator
VR
+
Σ
K IP + −
K II s
4
F ⋅ VFMAX 1 1+ sT P
3
+
1
+ Σ
VE
FEX
= f ( I F EX I FE
6 - Voltage PI
2 - Sensed VT
7 - VI LL1
3 - VF
8 - VI LL2
4 - Current PI
9 - Feedback
5 - VR
10 - Feedback LL
Model supported by PSSE
)N
I N
States
1 - VE
E FD
π
sT E 0
−
F ⋅ VFMIN
K H
1
Σ
+
K E + SE
+
K D
I N =
KC I FD V E I FD
Exciter SCRX Exciter SCRX Bus Fed or Solid Fed Static Excitation System Model C SWITCH =0 ET
VRE F
EC
C SWITCH =1 1
E FDMAX
+ −
Σ +
1+ sT A
1
1+ sT B
VS
States
1 - Lead-Lag 2 - VE Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE has CSWITCH = 1
K
1+ sT E E FDMIN
2
π
E FD
Exciter SEXS_GE Exciter SEXS_GE Simplified Excitation System Model VR EF
E MA X
+
Vcomp
1 1 + sT R
2
− +
Σ
Stabilizer Output
States
1 - EField 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL 4 - PI Model supported by PSLF
E F D M A X
3
1+ sT A
KC (1+ sT C )
1+ sT B
sT C
4
K
1
1+ sT E E MIN
E FDMIN
E FD
Exciter SEXS_PTI Exciter SEXS_PTI Simplified Excitation System Model
VR EF
E FDMAX
+ EC
Σ
− +
VS
States
1 - EField 2 - LL Model supported by PSSE
1+ sT A 1+ sT B
2
K
1+ sT E E FDMIN
1
E FD
Exciter ST6B Exciter ST6B IEEE 421.5 2005 ST6B Excitation S stem Model I FD
VC
1
−
2
I LR
1 + sT R
+
K CL
Σ
K LR VRMIN
VO EL
VOE L
(OEL=1)
(OEL=2)
1
K FF
Alternate OEL Inputs
VAMAX − −
−
Σ
HV Gate
+
VR EF
+
VT
Σ
K PA +
K
+
VAMIN
VUE L
s
+
IA
3
sK
DA
1+ sT DA 4
VA
VRMAX
+ +
Σ −
K M
+
Σ
VS
States
1 - EFD 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - PID1 4 - PID2 5 - VG ST6B supported by PSSE ESST6B supported by PSLF with optional VRMULT
VB LV Gate
VRMIN
VG
sK G
5
1+ sT G
VRMULT
0
VR
π
1 1 + sT S
E FD 1
Exciter ST7B Exciter ST7B IEEE 421.5 2005 ST7B Excitation S stem Model
VD R O O P
1+ sT F
(OEL=1) Alternate (OEL=2) OEL Inputs
+
VSCL +
1 + sT R
VOE L
VO EL
1+ sT G
1
VC
Σ
+
+ +
VS
VMA X LV Gate
Σ
+
Σ
HV Gate
VMIN
Σ
VREF_FB
K PA
Alternate UEL Inputs
VR EF
V
V UE L
UE L (UEL=2)
(UEL=1)
V
V
OE L (OEL=3)
UE L (UEL=3)
VT VRMAX HV Gate
VT VRM IN +
Σ −
LV Gate
1+ sT C 1+ sT B
ESST7B supported by PSLF Not implemented yet in Simulator
Σ +
LV Gate
Σ
−
K H
1
HV Gate
1 + sT S
VT VRM IN
+ VT VRMAX
K L ST7B supported by PSSE
+
sK IA
1+ sT IA
E FD
Exciter TEXS Exciter TEXS General Purpose Transformer-Fed Excitation System Model Constant Source Voltage Generator Terminal Voltage
K CL
I LR VR EF
EC
1
2
−
1+ sT R
VRMAX VIMAX
+
Σ +
− VIMAX
VS
K VP +
K VI
4
s
+
1 - Feedback 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - Derivative Controller 4 - Integral Controller Model supported by PSLF
−
K LR
+
+
Σ +
−
Σ
sK VD
0
1 0
K FF K M
+
VR M A X
Σ
LV Gate
+
VR
π V Σ E
VRMIN
VRMIN
1+ sT VD
States
+Σ
3
1
K G
1+ sT G
−
X C I FD
E FD
Exciter URST5T Exciter URST5T IEEE Pro osed T e ST5B Excitation S stem Model
VUE L
EC
VRMAX /K R 1
2
1 + sT R
−
Σ +
HV Gate
LV Gate
+
Σ +
1+ sT C 1 1+ sT B1
VRMIN /K R VR EF
States
1 - VR 2 - Sensed Vt 3 - LL1 4 - LL2 Model supported by PSSE
VOE L
VST B
3
VRMAX /K R 1+ sT C 2
VRMIN /K R
VRMAX
4
K R
1+ sT B2
VRMAX VT 1 1+ sT 1
VRMIN
1
+
Σ
E FD
−
VRM IN VT K C
I FD
Exciter WT2E1 Exciter WT2E1 Rotor Resistance Control Model or T
e 2 Wind Generator
Pow er-Slip C urve
Speed
1
2
R M AX
1+ sT SP −
Σ
K P +
+
R MIN
Pelec
1 1+ sT PC
States
1 - R external 2 - Speed 3 - Pelec Model supported by PSSE
3
1 sT I
1
Exciter WT3E and WT3E1 Exciter WT3E and WT3E1 Electrical Control for Type 3 Wind Generator Reactive Pow er Control Model
States
VRF Q
VC 1 1 + sT R
4
−
5
K IV
+
s
+
K PV
3 +
1
∑
f N
1
∑
1+ sT V
6
1+ sT FV Q M IN
1
7
π
1+ sT P
−1
1
Q M AX +
QREF
−
K QI
∑
varflg
Pelec
1
Q M IN
, ω
MIN
1
8
8 - PowerFilter
4 - VregMeas
9 - SpeedPI
+
1+ sT PWR
−
∑
10 - PORD
XI QMAX
−
>0
K QV
∑
Speed
2
EQCMD 0
PMA X R PM AX
K PP +
K IP s
9
π
+
I PMAX 1
∑
sT FP
−
R PM IN P
vltflg
XI QMIN
+
)
PMIN
3 - K PV
VMIN
( P = 100%, ω P 100 )
(P
7 - PMeas
s
Speed
( P = 20%, ω P 20 )
2 - E qppcmd
VR EF
s
0
( P = 60%, ω P 60 ) ( P = 40%, ω P 40 )
6 - QORD
VT E R M
VMA X
Q elec
Active Power (Torque) Control Model
Speed
1 - Vref
5 - K IV
tan
PFAREF Pelec
Q M AX
PMIN
10
÷
I PCMD
VT E R M
WT3E supported by PSLF with RPMAX = Pwrat and RPMIN = -Pwrat , TFV = TC WT3E1 supported by PSSE uses vltflg to determine the limits on EQCMD . When vltflg > 0 Simulator always uses XIQMAX and XIQMIN .
Exciter WT4E1 Exciter WT4E1 Electrical Control or T e 4 Wind Generator VRF Q
VC −
1 1 + sT RV
K IV
+
∑
s
+
K PV
+
Pelec
1+ sT P
1+ sT FV Q M IN
QREF
tan 1
1
∑
1+ sT V PFAREF
Q M AX
π
0
1
1
0
pfaflg
− +
varflg
PREF
1 1+ sT PWR
+
∑ −
K QI
∑
K IP s
VT E R M
−
+
∑
PORD
1+sT F Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator
IQCMD
s
I QMIN
pqflag
Converter Current Limit
I PMAX
÷
dPMIN sK F
∑
K VI
−
VMINCL
dPMA X K PP +
I QMAX +
s
Q M IN
−
Pelec
VMAXCL
Q elec
Q M AX
0.01
VT E R M
I PCMD
Machine Model CSVGN1
Machine Model CSVGN1 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN1
Other Signals VOTHSG −
V
+
Σ −
V REF
V MAX
1.
K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 )
1
(1+ sT3 )(1+ sT4 )
1+ sT 5
V MIN
R / RBASE
MIN
C BASE / SBASE +
π
−
Σ
Y
MBASE / SBASE
R BA SE= M BA SE N ote : V is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.
Model supported by PSSE
Machine Model CSVGN3
Machine Model CSVGN3 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN3
Other Signals VOTHSG −
V
+
Σ −
V REF
V ERR
V MAX
1.
K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 )
1
(1+ sT3 )(1+ sT4 )
1+ sT 5
V MIN
R / RBASE
MIN
1, if V
ERR>
C BASE / SBASE +
π
−
Σ
Y
MBASE / SBASE
V OV
< − V OV / if V ERR RMIN RBASE
R BA SE= M BA SE N ote : V is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.
Model supported by PSSE
Machine Model CSVGN4
Machine Model CSVGN4 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN4
Other Signals VOTHSG −
V IB
+
Σ
V ERR
−
V REF
V MAX
1.
K (1+ sT1 )(1+ sT2 )
1
(1+ sT3 )(1+ sT4 )
1+ sT 5
V MIN
R / RBASE
MIN
1, if V
ERR>
V OV
< − V OV / if V ERR RMIN RBASE
R BA SE= M BA SE
Model supported by PSSE
C BASE / SBASE +
π
−
Σ
MBASE / SBASE
Y
Machine Model CSVGN5
Machine Model CSVGN5 Static Var Compensator CSVGN5 V O T H S G( I )
Filter
1 VOLT(IBUS) or VOLT(ICON(M))
Regulator
64 4 4474 4 4 48
V EMAX
1st Stage
+ −
1+ sT s1
Σ
+
Σ
+
2nd Stage
1+ sT S 2
1+ sT S 4
1+ sT S3
1+ sT S 5
K SVS
−V EMAX
V R E F ( I )
V ERR
B R
B MAX
If V
'
'
DV LO: B R= B MAX+ K SD(V ERR− DV ) If DVHI< VERR< DVLO: B' R= B R B ' If V ERR< DV HI: B' R= B' MIN
ERR>
R
1 1+ sT 6
MBASE( I ) B SV S
B MIN
Fast Override
Thyristor Delay
If DV = 0,
If DV > 0, '
DV LO= B MAX/ K SVS '
DV HI= B MIN/ K SVS
Model supported by PSSE
DV LO = DV = − DV DV HI
SBASE
V A R( L )
Machine Model CSVGN6
Machine Model CSVGN6 Static Var Compensator CSVGN6 Other Signals V O T H S G( I ) Filter
1 VOLT(IBUS) or VOLT(ICON(M))
1+ sT s1
V MAX
+ −
Σ
+
Σ
+
1+ sT S 2
1+ sT S 4
1+ sT S 3
1+ sT S 5
B R
K SVS
V EMIN
V MIN
VREF
V EMAX
BIAS V ERR
B R
B MAX
If V
'
'
DV LO: B R= B MAX+ K SD(V ERR− DV ) If DVHI< VERR< DVLO: B' R= B R B ' If V ERR< DV HI: B' R= B' MIN
ERR>
R
+
1 1+ sT 6
+
B SV S
B MIN
Fast Override
Thyristor Delay
If DV = 0,
If DV > 0, '
DV LO= B MAX/ K SVS '
DV HI= B MIN/ K SVS
Model supported by PSSE
Σ +
DV LO = DV = − DV DV HI
1
2
BSHUNT
Position 1 is normal (open) If V ERR > DV 2, switch will close after TDELAY cycles.
Machine Model GENCC
Machine Model GENCC Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor modeling to match WSCC type F
X d
−
X d '
X d'
−
X d ''
+
E d −
Σ
sT do'
−
X d
−
X d ''
' d
−
X d
Σ
s T d''o
X
' d
−
id
X d ''
Se
d axis
π X q X d
Model supported by PSLF
+
E q'
1
−
X
q axis
−
E q'
1
E 1
Machine Model GENCLS
Machine Model GENCLS Synchronous machine represented by “classical” modeling or Thevenin Voltage Source to play Back known voltage/frequency signal
Recorded Voltage
Responding System
Z ab = 0 . 0 3 on 100 MV A base A
B
Responding System
I ppd gencls B
I ppd
Z ab = 0 . 0 3 on 100 MV A base
gencls A Model supported by PSLF
Responding System
B
Machine Model GENROU
Machine Model GENROU Solid Rotor Generator represented by equal mutual inductance rotor modeling X X
P fd
E d
+
Σ −
−
1 sT do'
+
Pkd
1
Σ
s T d''o
−
X d'
( X
' d
−
−
'' d ' d
−
X l
−
X l +
X X
X d ''
' d ' d
X
' d
'' d
−
X
−
X l
−
Σ
+
Pd ''
X l
X l ) * *2
+
d
−
AXIS
+ +
Σ Lad i fd
d
−
X
Σ
id
+
+
Pd ''
Pq''
Model supported by PSLF
X
' d
Se
X q
−
X l
( X d
−
X l )
P ''
* * *q − A X IS i de nt ic al , s w ap p in g d a n d q s ub st ri pt s
Machine Model GENSAL
Machine Model GENSAL Salient Pole Generator represented by equal mutual inductance rotor modeling X X
E d
+
1
Σ
−
P d
sT do'
−
+
Pkd
1
Σ
s T d''o
−
X d'
( X
' d
−
−
'' d ' d
−
X l
−
X l
X
' d ' d
+
X
X d ''
X
' d
'' d
−
X
−
X l
−
X l
X l ) * *2
d +
Σ
Σ
+
S e Pfd +
''
Pd
−
AXIS
+ +
X d
−
' d
Σ
X
id
+
Lad i fd −
Σ −
''
1 s T q''o
q X
Model supported by PSLF
Pq
Pkd
q
−
''
X q
−
AXIS iq
Machine Model GENTPF
Machine Model GENTPF Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor modeling to match WSCC type F
'
X d
−
X d
'
−
X d
X d
Se
''
−
+
E d −
E q'
1
Σ
'
sT do
−
Se
Σ
E ''
s T d o
−
X d X
' d
−
X d ''
−
'' d
X
X
Se Q
−
=
1 . + fs a t ( ϕ a g
)
A x i s S i m i l a r e x c e p t: Se
Model supported by PSLF
+
''
ϕ d
' q
1
=
1. +
X q X d
(ϕ ) ag
' d
−
''
X d
id
Machine Model GENTRA
Machine Model GENTRA Salient Pole Generator without Amortisseur Windings
E d
+
Σ −
1 '
+
s T d o
Σ −
Se
'
X d
d
−
AXIS
+
Lad i fd
Σ
+
X
d
−
id
'
X d
q X q
Model supported by PSLF
−
AXIS iq
Machine Model GENWRI
Machine Model GENWRI Wound-rotor Induction Generator Model with Variable External Rotor Resistance P ELEC
f S +
−
P MECH
÷
Σ
+
R2 T p o
( L s
=
ω 0
T 0'
(
ϕ
ϕ&
= −
ϕ&
(ϕ = −
q
f d+
=
(
S
S
Ll
−
( L
2 Hs
L'
−
s
)
ω r
−
d+
(
L
L
s−
R 2 i s th e i n t e r n a l ro t o r re s i s ta n c e R 2 e x i s th e i n t e r n a l ro t o r r e s is ta n c e
) ) i
d
' 0
T
(L
q+
s−
) )
L' i
T 0'
ω 0
t h e t o t a l r o t o r r e s is t a n c e .
)
R2 e x + R2 ) '
slip
Σ
R 2 T p o i s a c o n s t a n t w h i c h i s e q u a l t o T 0' t i m e s
R2 T p o
fd
f q+
1
q
'
eq
+
( s l i p )ϕ
fq
ed
= ω sϕ d − '
= − ω s ϕ q + '
ϕ = +
( s l i p ) ϕ fd
Se
ϕ
' d
= ϕ
ϕ
' q
= ϕ
fd
Sd
fq
Sq
Model supported by PSLF
Li' d
Ra iq
−
Li' q
−
2
Ra id
(ϕ ) + (ϕ ) = f (ϕ ) = S (ϕ ) = S (ϕ ) ' d
' q
'
sat
e
' d
e
' d
2
Machine Model GEWTG
Machine Model GEWTG Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines – Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and Full Converter (FC) Models
E q'' c m d ( efd ) From exwtge
1
−1
1 + 0.02 s
X ''
H i g h V o l ta g e Reactive Current Management
I sorc
s0 LVLP&
I Pcmd ( ladifd ) From exwtge
rrpwr
1
I Pl v
L o w V o l ta g e Active Current Management
1 + 0.02 s
s1 LVPL
V term
1.11
V
LVPL
1 1 + 0.02 s
V xerox (0.5pu)
s2
brkpt (0.9pu)
LowVoltage Power Logic
Figure 1. DFAG Generator / Converter Model
Model supported by PSLF
jX
''
Machine Model GEWTG Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines – Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and Full Converter (FC) Models
E q'' c m d ( efd ) From exwtge
1
H i g h V o l ta g e Reactive Current Management
−1
1 + 0.02 s
s0 LVLP&
I Pcmd ( ladifd ) From exwtge
rrpwr
1
I Pl v
L o w V o l ta g e Active Current Management
1 + 0.02 s s1 LVPL
V term
1.11
V
LVPL
1 1 + 0.02 s
V xerox (0.5pu)
s2
brkpt (0.7pu)
LowVoltage Power Logic
Figure 1. Full Converter Generator / Converter Model
Model supported by PSLF
I sorc
Machine Model MOTOR1
Machine Model MOTOR1 “Two-cage” or “one-cage” induction machine ψ dr 2 ω o S L I P −
+
Σ −
ψ dr 1
+
Σ −
ω o R r 2 +
L lr 2
Σ
ψ qr 2
1.
Lm
=
Lm
'
=
1 . / (1. / Lm
+ 1. /
Llr 1 )
''
=
1 . / (1. / Lm
+ 1. /
Llr 1
Lm
L lr 2
+
ω o R r 1 +
L lr 1
Σ
−
Ll
' o
=
L lr 1 L m / (ω o R r 1 L )
T o''
=
L lr 2 L 'm / (ω o R r 2 L''m )
T ω o S L I P
Ls
' m
+
ψ qr 1
1. L lr 1
L
ψ
2 md
2
K sat
+ ψ m q
=
ψ md
−
ψ qr 2
+
Model supported by PSLF
Σ −
=
+
( L lr 2
''
L
Σ
Σ
+
ω o R r 1 +
Σ
ψ dr 1
+
L lr 1
+
Σ
L''m
iqs
−
L''m
sat
−
L''m
sat
E q
= ψ
ids
'' d
sat
+
+
ω o R r 2
L lr 2
1.
''
Lm sat =
ω o S L I P
+
Σ
ψ dr 2
1. L lr 2
K sat / Lm
+ 1. /
Ll
L 'm ) / (ω o R r 2 )
''
''
1.
−
L m ) / (ω o R r1 )
+
ω o S L I P
L lr 1
( L lr1
=
=
1. + S e (ψ m )
ψ qr 1
Σ
1. / Ll r 2 )
+
ψ m
+
'
L − Ll
− E d = ψ q
'' m sat
ψ mq
Se
+
''
Σ
+
=
Llr1 + 1. / L lr 2
Machine Model SVCWSC
Machine Model SVCWSC Static Var device com atible with WSCC Vx/Wx models Voltage Clamp Logic if VbusV2vcl for Tdvcl sec., Kvc =1.
V 1 MAX VE M A X VBU S
+
1+sTC
Σ
1+sTS1
−
−
Σ
+
+
VRET
XC
Σ +
VEMIN
1+sTS2
1+sTS4
1+sTS3
1+sTS5
V 1 MIN
VSCS + VS VS (from external PSS)
B MAX
K VC * V 2 MAX KSVS
Fast Over Ride
1 1+sTS6
B MIN
K VC * V 2 MIN
π Input 1
KS1
1 + s T8
1+sTS7
1 + s TS 9
VS C S M A X
+
Σ +
Input 2
KS2
1+sT11
1+sTS10
1+sTS12
Model supported by PSLF
sTS13 1+sTS14
VSC S
KS3
VSCSMIN
BSVS
Generator Other Model LCFB1 Turbine Load Controller Model LCFB1
Freq −
1.0
+
Σ
K P
Lrmax
F b
Pmwset
e MAX
− +
Σ −
1
− db − e MAX
1 + sT PELEC
Pgen
Frequency Bias Flag - fbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable Power Controller Flag - pbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable
1 - Pelec Sensed 2 - KI Model supported by PSLF
s
db
1
States
K 1
− Lrmax
2
+ +
Lrmax +
Σ − Lrmax
Σ +
Pref 0
Pref
Governor BPA GG Governor BPA GG WSCC Type G Governor Model
PM O
K 1' Δω
1 + sT 2 1 + sT 1
+
2
−
Σ
P MAX
1 1 + sT 3
3
1 1 + sT 4
4
1 + sFT 5 1 + sT 5
1
+
PM Pe
States
1 - Pmech 2 - Lead-Lag 1 3 - Integrator 3 4 - Integrator 4 Model in the public domain, available from BPA
Σ −
PM -Pe
Governor BPA GH Governor BPA GH WSCC Type H Hydro-Mechanical Governor Turbine Model
PILOT VALVE P0 XR
−
1
Σ
3
s
PMI N =0
P& DOWN
Σ
1
TG (1+ sT P )
−
+
R
+
SDdT d
1+ sT d States
1 - Pmech 2 - P gate valve 3 - y3 4 - Feedback Model in the public domain, available from BPA
TURBINE
PMAX(P.U.)
P& UP
+ K 1' Δω
GATE SERVO
4
2
1− sT W 1+ sT W /2
1
PM
Governor BPA GIGATB, BPA GJGATB, BPA GKGATB, and BPA GLTB Governor BPA GIGATB, BPA GJGATB, BPA GKGATB, and BPA GLTB
No block diagrams have been created
Governor BPA GSTA Governor BPA GSTA WSCC Type S Steam System Governor And Nonreheat Turbine (Type A) Model
P0
K 1Δω
1+ sT 2 1+ sT 1
P& UP +
3
−
Σ −
1
1
T 3
s
P& DOWN
States
1 - Pmech 2 - P gate valve 3 - Lead -lag Model in the public domain, available from BPA
PMAX(P.U.)
PMIN(P.U.)
2
PGV
1 1 + sT CH
1
PM
Governor BPA GSTB Governor BPA GSTB WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound Single Reheat Turbine (Type B) Model P0
K 1Δω
+
1 + sT 2
2
−
1 + sT 1
PMAX(P.U.)
P& UP
Σ −
1
1
T 3
s
P& DOWN
+
1
PGV
PMIN(P.U.)
Σ
+
+
F HP
+
F IP
F LP
States
1 - P gate valve 2 - Lead-lag
1
3
1+ sT CH
3 - y3 4 - y4 5 - y5 Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1 1 + sT RH
4
Σ
1 1 + sT CO
5
PM
Governor BPA GSTC Governor BPA GSTC WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound Double Reheat Turbine (Type C) Model P0
K 1Δω
1 + sT 2
+
2
−
1 + sT 1
PMAX(P.U.)
P& UP
Σ −
1
1
T 3
s
P& DOWN
+
PGV
PMIN(P.U.)
Σ
+
+
F VHP
1
Σ
+
+
F HP
+
F IP
F LP
States
1 - P gate valve 2 - Lead-lag 3 - y3
1
3
1 + sT CH
4 - y4 5 - y5 6 - y6 Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1 1+ sT RH 1
4
1 1+ sT RH 2
5
Σ
1 1+ sT CO
6
PM
Governor BPA GWTW Governor BPA GWTW WSCC Type W Hydro Governor System And Hydro Turbine (Type W) Model
P0
K Δω
+
1+ sT 2 (1+ sT1)(1+ sT3) 2
PMAX/100
3
States
1 - Pmech 2 - y0 3 - y1 Model in the public domain, available from BPA
−
PGV
Σ
1− sT W 1+0.5sT W
PMIN/100
1
PM
Governor CRCMGV Governor CRCMGV Cross Compound Turbine-Governor Model
Reference PM A X ( H P ) Speed (HP)
1 / R( HP ) 1 + sT 1( HP )
1 +
−
1+ sF( HP)T 5(
Σ
(1+ sT3(
+ HP1 sT4( ) )(
0
High-Pressure Unit
( D
H( HP)
+ HP1 sT5( ) )HP ) )(
3
2
+
) HP
−
Σ
Pmech(HP)
Σ
Pmech(LP)
4
) ( E − )
2
T HP
Reference PMAX(LP)
+ Speed (LP) −
States
Σ
1 / R( LP ) 1 + sT 1( LP )
1 - HPInput
1+ sF( LP)T 5(
5 +
−
Σ 0
(1+ sT )(1+ sT )(1+ sT ) 3(
) LP
6
4(
) LP
7
8
2 - HPState1 3 - HPState2
Low-Pressure Unit
4 - HPState3 5 - LPInput 6 - LPState1 7 - LPState2 8 - LPState3 Model supported by PSLF and PSSE
+
LP )
( − D
H( LP)
) ( E − ) T HP
2
5(
) LP
−
Governor DEGOV Governor DEGOV Woodward Diesel Governor Model
TMAX
Δω
Speed
− (1 + sT 3 ) 1 + sT1 + s 2T2T1 144244 3
Electric Control Box 1
K (1 + sT 4 ) s (1 + sT5 )(1 + sT6 )
1 - Control box 1 2 - Control box 2 3 - Actuator 1 4 - Actuator 2 5 - Actuator 3 Model supported by PSSE
e
− sT D
{
Engine
TMIN
144 42444 3
Actuator
2
3
States
1+Speed
4
5
π
Pmech
Governor DEGOV1 Governor DEGOV1 Woodward Diesel Governor Model
Pref + Δω
Speed
−
Σ −
TMA X
− (1 + sT 3 ) 1 + sT1 + s 2T2T1 144244 3
Electric Control Box 1
2
1+Speed
K (1 + sT 4 ) e
s (1 + sT5 )(1 + sT6 )
{
144 42444 3
Actuator 4
5
0
DROOP
2 - Control box 2 3 - Actuator 1 4 - Actuator 2 5 - Actuator 3 6 - Droop Input Model supported by PSSE
Droop Control 6
1
1 - Control box 1
Pmech
Engine
TMIN 3
States
π
− sT D
1
SBASE
1+ sT E
MBASE
Pelec
Governor G2WSCC Governor G2WSCC Double Derivative Hydro Governor and Turbine Represents WECC G2 Governor Plus Turbine Model
Pref Δω
+
(Speed)
2
1
ep s
1+ sT D
db1
3 +
sK 1
1 + sT F
Σ
+ −
+
K I
Σ
s
−
s2K 2
(1 + sT F ) 4
6
(TT =0)
2
R
5
1 7
Pelec
1+ sT T
States VEL OPEN
+
Σ −
K G
8
1+ sT P VE L CLOSE
1 - Pmech
PMA X
1 s
2 - TD PGV
GV
9 db2
PMIN
N GV
1 + s A t u rb T t ur b 1 + s B t ur b T t u rb
1
Pmech
3 - K 1 4 - K 2 first 5 - K 2 second 6 - Integrator 7 - Pelec Sensed
Model supported by PSLF
8 - Valve
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block
9 - Gate
Governor GAST_GE Governor GAST_GE Gas Turbine-Governor Model 5
1 1+ sT LTR
−
if (D V >L INC ) R LIM =L TRAT else
R LIM =R MAX
Σ
DV
+
−
Pref
K A (1+ sT 4 )
Σ
1
LV GATE
1+ sT 5
+
1
Σ
1
VMA X
R LIM
+
sT 1
1+ AsT 2
Σ
2
1+ BsT 2
−
3
PGV
dbb
Pmech
G V
VMIN FIDLE
R FIDLE
+ +
Σ
−
K T
ep s
db 0
L MA X
Σ −
4
+
1 1+ sT 3
States
1 - Input LL Δω
2 - Integrator
(Speed)
3 - Governor LL
Model supported by PSLF
4 - Load Limit
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of PGV vs. GV block
5 - Temp erature
Governor GAST_PTI Governor GAST_PTI Gas Turbine-Governor Model Speed
D turb
1 VMA X
R −
Load ref
+
Σ
1
1
LV Gate
1
1+ sT 1
1+ sT 2
VMIN
Σ
+
K T
+
+
States
1 - Fuel Valve 2 - Fuel Flow 3 - Exhaust Temperature Model supported by PSSE
Σ
A T (Load Limit)
− 3
1 1+ sT 3
2
− +
Σ
Pmech
Governor GAST2A Governor GAST2A Gas Turbine-Governor Model States
MAX T C
1 - Speed Governor 2 - Valve Positioner
Temperature Control*
3 - Fuel System 4 - Radiation Shield
1
−
K 4 +
1+ sT 4 5
6
6 - Temp Control
K 5
1+ sT 3
Σ −
Low Value Select
sY + Z MIN
Speed Governor
π
f 1
Turbine Exhaust
w f1
K 6
Fuel Control
1
W ( sX +1)
Turbine
4
MAX
7 - Turbine Dynamics Reference
Σ
sτ T
5 - Thermocouple
+
+
1+ sT 5
Radiation Shield
Thermocouple
K 3
−sT
e
+ +
Σ −
Valve Positioner 2
A
Fuel System 3 Wf Fuel Flow 1
e−sE CR
1+ sτ F
C + sB
Speed Control
e−sE TD
K F Gas Turbine Dynamics 7
Δω
Pmech
Turbine
T RATE
MBASE 1.0 +
π
f 2
1 1+ sT CD
w f2
+
Σ
* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative
Model supported by PSSE
⎛ ⎝
⎞ f1 ⎠
f1 =TR -A f1 ⎜ 1.0-w ⎟ -B f1 ( Speed )
f 2 =A f2 -B f2 ( w f2 ) -C f2 (Speed )
Governor GASTWD Governor GASTWD Woodward Gas Turbine-Governor Model
Pelec SBASE
M AX
T RATE
Pe
Temperature Control*
K DROOP
1+ sT D
sT 5 +1 sτ T
MAX
Radiation Shield
Thermocouple
Σ
−
+
5
1
K 4 +
1+ sT 4
K 5
Turbine Exhaust
w f1
−sE TD
e
TC S etp oin t fo r Temperature Control
K P
+
f 1
1+ sT 3
4
6
1
Speed Reference
Turbine
−
+
K I
Σ
+
s
−
Σ +
K 6
Fuel Control
Low Value Select
π
K 3
−sT
e
+ +
Σ −
Valve Positioner 2
3 W f
Fuel Flow
A
1
C + sB
1+ sτ F
Speed Control
sK D
Fuel System
K F 7
8
9
MIN
States
Δω
1 - Power Transducer
Pmech
2 - Valve Positioner 4 - Radiation Shield
1.0 +
6 - Temp Control
Turbine
T RATE
MBASE
3 - Fuel System 5 - Thermocouple
−sE CR
e
π
f 2
1 1+ sT CD
w f2
Gas Turbine Dynamics
+
Σ
7 - Turbine Dynamics 8 - PID 1 9 - PID 2
* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative
Model supported by PSSE
(
)
f =T -A 1.0-w -B ( Speed ) 1 R f1 f1 f1
(
)
f =A -B w -C ( Speed ) 2 f2 f2 f2 f2
Governor GGOV1 Governor GGOV1 – GE General Governor-Turbine Model If D m > 0, (Speed)
L dref
( Ldref / Kturb ) + wfnl
If D m < 0, (Speed+1)
+
Σ
1
6
−
10
1 + sT Fload
Dm
**D m
−
1 + sT SA
π
1 + sT SB
+ 5
K Pload 7
K Iload s
aset Speed
+
−
1 + sT A
9
Σ
+
K A Δt
−
Pref +
Σ +
8
Σ 1.1r
-db db
−
minerr
s
−2
-1.1r
Pmwset +
Σ
Pelec
1
−1
−
Lo w Value Select
K Igov + s 3
1
1 + sT Dgov
e
+
VMA X
VM AX 1
Σ
sK Dgov
r
K IMW
Σ
+
maxerr
+
1 + sT B
Σ
+
K Pgov
1 + sT C
1.0
Timestep
+
s
+
Pmech
Σ
Rselect
1 1 + sT Pelec
Model supported by PSLF
4
+
π
Σ −
VM IN
VMIN
governor output valve stroke
K turb
1 + sT ACT
2
− sT eng
Flag 0
1
w fnl
1.0 (Speed+1)
States
1 - Pelec Measured
5 - Turbine LL
2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter 3 - Governor Integral Control
7 - Turbine Load Integral Control
4 - Turbine Actuator Model supported by PSSE does not include non-windup limits on K IMW block
8 - Supervisory Load Control 9 - Accel Control
R UP , R DOWN , R CLOSE , and R OPEN inputs not implemented in Simulator
10 - Temp Detection LL
Governor GGOV2 Governor GGOV2 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model If D m > 0, (Speed)
L dref
( Ldref / Kturb ) + wfnl
If D m < 0, (Speed+1)
+
Σ
−
1
1+ sT sa
1+ sT fload
1+ sT sb
s5
K pload 1
3
2
+
6
5
4
K iload
+
s
s6
aset
s
Speed
−
1+ sT a
Σ
Pref
+
Σ
+
+ 1.1r
-1.1r
1+ sT dgov
fsra
Rselect
−
1 1 + sT Pelec
s0
Model supported by PSLF
PMECH
+ 1+ sT c 1+ sT b
−sT eng
e
Low
VM AX
Select
ropen vmax
K turb
1
fsrn
+
VM IN vmin rclose
s1
+
π
1+ sT act
valve stroke
−1
π
Frequencydependent limit
governor output 1
PELEC
s
Σ s2 +
sK dgov
−2
s7
Σ
minerr
r
s
+
db
Σ
fsrt
Value
+ K igov
-db
−
K imw
Pmwset
K pgov
maxerr
Σ
Σ +
s8 −
+
KaΔt
−
Speed
Timestep
+
D m
s9
1.0
Σ
**D m
Σ −
s3
Flag 0
1
1.0 (Speed+1)
w fnl
s4
Governor GGOV3 Governor GGOV3 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model If D m > 0, (Speed)
L dref
( Ldref / Kturb ) + wfnl
If D m < 0, (Speed+1)
+
Σ
6
−
10
1 1+ sT fload
D m
**D m
1+ sT sa
− 5
π
1+ sT sb
7
+
s
s
−
Speed
1+ sT a
9
Σ
1.0 −sT eng
Σ
e
Timestep
+ Percieved
+
KaΔt
K turb
Σ
11
+
Low
K pgov
Pref
− +
Σ
+
1.1r 8 +
Σ
Σ
PELEC
+
Minerr
s sK dgov
3
VM AX
Select
1+ sT cd
VMA X
+ Σ
1
1+ sT bd 4
+
VM IN
2
+
π
1+ sT act
−
Flag
VMIN 0
1+ sT dgov
Σ
1
w fnl
−2 governor output
-1.1r +
db
R
s
Pmwset
K igov
-db
−
K imw
Value
M a x e rr
+
1+ sT b
+ aset
PMECH
1+ sT c
K pload K iload
Σ
1 −
1
−1
States
Rselect
1 - Pelec Measured
1 1 + sT Pelec
1.0 (Speed+1)
valve stroke 5 - Turbine LL
2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter 3 - Governor Integral Control
9 - Accel Control 10 - Temp Detection LL
7 - Turbine Load Integral Control 11 - Fuel System Lead Lag
4 - Turbine Actuator 8 - Supervisory Load Control Model supported by PSLF dnrate, RUP , R DOWN , R CLOSE, and R OPEN inputs not implemented in Simulator
Governor GGOV3 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model
slope = 1 dnhi
Measured
ffa
Speed ffb
slope = ffc
Nonlinear Speed Filter
Model supported by PSLF Rate limit dnrate not used in Simulator
Filtered
Percieved
Speed
Speed dnlo
Governor GPWSCC Governor GPWSCC PID Governor-Turbine Model
K P
Pref Δω
+
(Speed)
er r
−
db1
+
1
Σ
K 1
2
1+ sT D
−
3
+
s
CV
Σ
sK D
4
Σ +
−
K G
1+ sT P VE L CLOSE
Pelec
1
R
1+ sT f
VE L OPEN
T t = 0
+
(T t > 0)
5
1+ sT t
PMA X
6
1 s
PGV
GV
7 db2
N GV
1 + s A t u rb T t ur b
1
Pmech
1 + s B t ur b T t u rb
PMIN
States
Model supported by PSLF GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block
1 - Pmech
5 - Pelec Sensed
2 - TD
6 - Valve
3 - Integrator
7 - Gate
4 - Derivative
Governor HYG3 Governor HYG3 PID Governor, Double Derivative Governor, and Turbine
Δω
R g a t e
Pref
States K 2
−
Δω db1
+ −
1
7
Σ
3 - K i 4 - Valve
2
5 - Gate
1+ sT f
Pelec
sK 1
1
2 +
1+ sT f 2
s K 2
(1+ sT )
+
+
Σ +
− −
8 2
R g a t e
9
f
6 - TW
cflag>0
Pref
1+ sT D
db1
2 - K 1
+
sK 1
1+ sT t
Δω
+
s
1
1
3
K I
1
1+ sT D
−
R e l e c
1 - TD
+
Σ
= (speed-1)pu
K I
Σ
7 - Pelec Sensed
cflag<0
3
8 - K 2 First
s
9 - K 2 Second
−
R e l e c
1
7
Pelec
1+ sT t CV
VEL OPEN
CV
+
Σ −
K G
PMA X
4
5
1
1+ sT P
GV
s
db2
π
PMIN
VE L CLOSE
Δω
D t u r b PGV N GV G V
Model supported by PSLF
PGV
÷
q/PGV
π
−
H H0
Σ
+
1
q 6
sT W
Note: cflag determines numbering of states
− +
Σ −
π
A
+ t
Σ
Pmech
qN L
GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block
Governor HYGOV Governor HYGOV Hydro Turbine-Governor Model
Pref
G MA X
+
1 + sT n
Δω db1
1 + sT np
1 − −
1
1+ sT f
1
2
3
1+ sT g
r T r s
Δω
R
PGV
1 + s T r
G MIN
rate limit - Velm
db2
D turb
GV
N GV
π
g G V
PGV
−
÷
q/PGV
π
H
−
Σ +
Hdam=1
1 sT W
4
+
Σ
π
At
+
Σ
Pmech
− qN L
States
1 - Filter Output 2 - Desired Gate 3 - Gate 4 - Turbine Flow Model supported by PSSE and PSLF Rperm shown as R, Rtemp shown as r GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block Ttur, Tn, Tnp, db1, Eps, db2, Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator
Governor HYGOV2 Governor HYGOV2 Hydro Turbine-Governor Model
Pref Δω
Speed
K I + sK P
1
s
VG M A X
+ −
Σ −
−
⎛ 1 + sT 1 ⎞ ⎟ ⎝ sT 3 ⎠
K A ⎜
2
1 + sT 2
3
1 + sT 4
G MA X 1
5
s
-VG M A X
G MIN
4
sRtemp T R R
Pmech
P MAX
6
1 + sT R
1 − sT 5 1 + sT 6
States
1 - Filter Output 2 - Governor 3 - Governor Speed 4 - Droop 5 - Gate 6 - Penstock The G MAX G MIN limit is modeled as non-windup in PSSE but as a windup limit in Simulator. Model supported by PSSE
Governor HYGOV4 Governor HYGOV4 Hydro Turbine-Governor Model
Pref + −
db1
Δω
PMA X
UO 1
Σ −
Σ
1
1+ sT p
1
1
T g
s
UC +
2 db2
PMIN
R perm
+
sTr Rtem p
3
π
1 + Tr s GV
D turb
PG V
N GV
PGV
÷
q/PGV
π
H Hdam
−
Σ
+
G V
1 sT W
q 4
+
−
Σ −
π
At
+
Σ
Pmech
qN L
States
1 - Velocity 2 - Gate 3 - Rtemp 4 - TW Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block Model supported by PSLF
Governor HYST1 Governor HYST1 Hydro Turbine with Woodward Electro-Hydraulic PID Governor, Surge Tank, and Inlet Tunnel
Σ
+
Pref
−
R perm
1+ sT reg
Pgen
+ 1 Δω
−
Σ
K p +
K i
2
1
4
1+ sT a
s
sK d
+
1
Σ
5
1+ sT a
+
3
1+ sT a
G MA X PG V 1
7
6
G(s)
1 + sT b
G MIN
Not yet implemented in Simulator Model supported by PSLF
9 GV
D turb
8
+
Σ −
Pmech
Governor IEEEG1 Governor IEEEG1 IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model
Δω
SPEED
HP
+
Σ
+
+
db1
Pref 2
K (1 + sT 2 ) − 1 + sT 1
+
Σ −
PMA X UO 1
1
T 3
s
UC
3
PGV
1 db2
K 1
4
Σ
+
+
K 3
+
K 5
5
PMECH HP
Σ
6
1
1
1
1
1 + sT 4
1 + sT 5
1 + sT 6
1 + sT 7
PM1
K 7
GV
PMI N
K 2
K 4 +
States
+
Σ
1 - Governor Output 2 - Lead-Lag 3 - Turbine Bowl 4 - Reheater 5 - Crossover 6 - Double Reheat Model supported by PSLF includes hysteresis that is read but not implemented in Simulator Model supported by PSSE does not include hysteresis and nonlinear gain GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of PGV vs. GV block
K 6
+
+
Σ
K 8
+
Σ
+
PMECH LP
PM2
Governor IEEEG2 Governor IEEEG2 IEEE Type 2 Speed-Governor Model
Pref +
Δω
K(1+ sT 2 )
2
Speed
(1+ sT1)(1+ sT3)
3
−
PMA X 1− sT 4
Σ
1+ 0.5sT 4
1
Pmech
PMI N
States
1 - Pmech 2 - First Integrator 3 - Second Integrator Model supported by PSSE
Governor IEEEG3_GE Governor IEEEG3_GE IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3
PRE F Δω
UO
+
Speed
− db1
1
Σ
1 + sT P
−
Σ
2
PGV
1
1
T G
s
UC +
PMA X 3
PGV
GV
KTURB (1 + ATURB sTW )
1+ B TURB sT W
db2
Pmech 1
GV
PMI N
RPERM
+ 4
R sTR T EM P
1 + sT R
States
1 - Pmech 2 - Servomotor position 3 - Gate position PSLF model includes db1, db2, and Eps read but not implemented in Simulator Model supported by PSLF
4 - Transient droop
Governor IEEEG3_PTI Governor_IEEEG3_PTI IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3
PR EF
UO
PMA X
+ Δω
Speed
−
1
Σ
TG (1 + sT P )
−
UC
Σ
1
2
+
s
3
⎡ ⎛
a13a21 ⎞
⎣ ⎝
a23
a23 ⎢1+ ⎜ a11 −
⎤ ⎟ sTW ⎥ ⎠ ⎦
1
Pmech
1+ a11sT W
PM IN RPERM
+ 4
R TEMP sT R
1+ sT R
States
1 - Pmech 2 - Servomotor position 3 - Gate position 4 - Transient droop Model supported by PSSE
Governor IEESGO Governor IEESGO IEEE Standard Model IEEESGO PO
Speed
+
K1(1+ sT 2 )
1
(1+ sT1)(1+ sT3)
2
−
Σ
P MAX
P MIN
1
3
+
1− K 2
1+ sT 4
+
Σ
Pmech
+
1− K 2
K 3
K 2
1+ sT 5
4
1+ sT 6
5
States
1 - First Integrator 2 - Second Integrator 3 - Turbine T4 4 - Turbine T5 Model supported by PSSE
5 - Turbine T6
Governor PIDGOV Governor PIDGOV - Hydro Turbine and Governor Model PIDGOV
Σ
+
PR EF
− 1
Feedback signal
0
R perm
Pelec
SBASE
1+ sT reg
States
1 - Mechanical Output
MBASE
2 - Measured Delta P
2
3 - PI
+ Δω
−
Σ
Speed
K p +
K i
3
4
1 1+ sT a
s
+
1
Σ
4 - Reg1
6
1+ sT a
+
5 - Derivative 6 - Reg2 7 - Gate
sK d
5
1+ sT a
Vel MA X +
Σ −
1 T b
Vel MI N
G MA X Power 1
3
1− sT Z
7 2
s
1
Gate
1
1+ sT Z 2
+
Σ
Pmech
−
TZ = ( A tw ) *Tw
G MIN
D turb Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE
(G0,0), (G1,P1), (G2,P2), (1,P3) are x,y coordinates of Power vs. Gate function
Governor TGOV1 Governor TGOV1 Steam Turbine-Governor Model TGOV1 VMA X PR EF
+
Σ
−
1
1
R
1+ sT 1
2
1+ sT 2 1+ sT 3
1
+
Σ
Pmech
−
VMIN
Δω
Speed
Dt
States
1 - Turbine Power 2 - Valve Position
Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE
Governor TGOV2 Governor TGOV2 Steam Turbine-Governor with Fast Valving Model TGOV2 K
VMAX Reference
+
Σ −
1
1
R
1+ sT 1
1− K
1
v
2
1+ sT 3
1+ sT t
+ 3 +
4
Σ
PMECH
−
VMI N Δω
Dt
Speed
TI :
Time to initiate fast valving.
TA :
Intercept valve, v , fully closed TA seconds after fast valving initiation.
TB :
Intercept valve starts to reopen TB seconds after fast valving initiation.
TC : Intercept valve again fully open TC seconds after fast valving initiation.
n o i t i s o P e v l a1. V t 0. p e c r e t n I
T C T B T A
States
(
T T I + T A I
) (T
I
+ T B
) (T
Time, seconds
I
+ T C
)
1 - Throttle 2 - Reheat Pressure 3 - Reheat Power 4 - Intercept Valve
Model supported by PSSE
Governor TGOV3 Governor TGOV3 Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor with Fast Valving Model
+
Σ
+
+
PRE F Δω
Speed
1
K(1+ sT 2 ) − 1+ sT 1
UO
+
Σ −
1
1
T 3
s
UC
TI :
Time to initiate fast valving.
TA :
Intercept valve, v , fully closed TA seconds after fast valving initiation.
TB :
Intercept valve starts to reopen TB seconds after fast valving initiation.
TC : Intercept valve again fully open TC seconds after fast valving initiation.
PRMAX
K 1
PMAX 1
2
3 +
1+ sT 4
Σ −
PMI N
n o i t i s o P e v l a1. V t 0. p e c r e t n I
sT 5
v
0. 8
w o l F
K 3
1 1+ sT 6
0 0.3
5
Intercept Valve Position
T C T B
States
1 - LL
T A
2 - StateT3 3 - StateT4 4 - StateT5
(
T T I + T A I
) (T
I
+ T B
) (T
Time, seconds
Model supported by PSLF Model supported by PSSE
6
Σ
+
K 2
4
1
PMECH
I
+ T C
)
5 - StateT6 6 - Intercept Valve
Gv1,Pgv1 ... Gv6, Pgv6 are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Intercept Valve Position function
Governor URGS3T Governor URGS3T WECC Gas Turbine Model States
1
5
1 + sT LTR
1 - Input LL 2 - Integrator
−
If (D V >L INC ), then R LIM = L TRAT else, R LIM = R MAX
DV
Σ
+
3 - Governor LL 4 - Load Limit 5 - Temp erature VMAX
Pref +
R LIM
−
Σ −
err db1
K a (1 + sT 4 )
LV GATE
1 + sT 5
+
1
Σ
sT 1
1
1 R
FIDLE
3
+
−
2
−
K T
+
Σ
+
−
L MAX Speed
Dturb
Model supported by PSSE GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of PGV vs. GV block
1 + AsT 2 1 + BsT 2
FIDLE
VMIN +Σ
Σ
4
1 1 + sT 3
P G V
+ G V
db2
Σ −
Pmech
Governor WT12T1 Governor WT12T1 Two-Mass Turbine Model for Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Generators
From WT12A Model +
+
−
Σ +
1
Σ
1
ω base
2 Ht s +
+
Σ
Dshaft
Σ−
−
K shaft
2
s
Damp +
Σ
+
+
Tmech
−
Σ−
1
3
2 Hg s
Speed
ω base +
Telec
Σ
ω base −
1 s
4
Rotor angle deviation
Initial rotor slip
States
H t =H×H tfrac H g =H-H t K shaft =
1 - TurbineSpeed
2H t ×H g ×(2 π ×Freq1) 2 H× ω 0
Model supported by PSSE
2 - ShaftAngle 3 - GenSpeed 4 - GenDeltaAngle
Governor W2301 Governor W2301 Woodward 2301 Governor and Basic Turbine Model
Speed Ref
Pref
Pelec
1+ sT p
Speed
+
+
1
1
−
Σ
+
Gamma
1+ 0.5 Rho⋅ s
Σ
2
) Beta s − Alpha ⋅ (1.05
−
PI Controller
1+ 2 Beta⋅ s
Gmax 1
Valve Servo
3
1 + sT V
+
Σ −
1+ sKT t turb 1+ sT turb
4
+
Σ
Pmech
−
Turbine
Gmin
gn l D
States
1 - PelecSensed 2 - PI Gain, Velamx read but not implemented in Simulator. Model supported by PSLF
3 - Valve 4 - Turbine
Governor WEHGOV Governor WEHGOV Woodward Electric H dro Governor Model
5
sK D
1 + sT D
−
+
Pref
Σ
ERR
0
1
Speed deadband
+ Σ
K P
1
Feedback signal
+
Gmax+DICN K I
7
Distribution Valve GTMXOP*Tg
+
(* )
−
−
Pilot Valve Gmax+DPV
RpermPE
1 + sT P
Feedback signal=1
Gmin-DICN
1 + sT PE
Σ −
2
1
−
States
sT DV
1 - Pilot Valve
GTMXCL*Tg
Gmin-DPV
6
s
0
+
1
1
2 - DistributionValve 3 - Gate
Gmax Feedback signal=0
3
Gate position, g
1
1
s
T g
4 - Turbine Flow 5 - Derivative 6 - Integrator
RpermGate
Pelec
SBASE MBASE
(* )O u t = 0 i f E R R < ( S p e e d d e a d b a n d ) O u t = E R R ( I ) − (S p ee d d ea db an d ) if E R R > (S p ee d d ea db a nd ) O u t = E R R ( I ) + (S p ee d d ea db an d ) if E R R < − (S p ee d d ea db an d )
7 - PelecSensed
Gmin
Govern or and Hy draulic Actuators
Speed
Dturb
π
g
Gate position, g
Flow
Gate
Steady-State Flow, q ss
÷
q/q ss
π
H H 0 =1
−
Σ +
1
4
Pms s
sT W Flow
Turbine Flow, q
Turbine Dynam ics
Model supported by PSSE (Gate 1, Flow G1)...(Gate 5, Flow G5) are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Gate function (Flow P1, PMECH 1)...(Flow P10, PMECH 10) are x,y coordinates of Pmss vs. Flow function
Pms s
π
+
Σ
− Pmech
Governor WESGOV Governor WESGOV Westinghouse Digital Governor for Gas Turbine Model
K P
Reference Δω
+
*
Speed
−
Σ −
Pelec
1 1+ sT pe
1
**
+
1 sT I
2
+
Σ
1
3
(1 + sT1 )(1 + sT2 )
4
Pmech
Droop
Digital Control ** * * Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TC. * *Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TP. ** *Maximum change is limited to A lim between sampling times. States
1 - PEMeas 2 - Control 3 - Valve 4 - PMech Model supported by PSSE A lim read but not implemented in Simulator
Governor WNDTGE
Pdbr
Governor WNDTGE Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines
+
Pelec
+
Σ
Wind Power Model
Spdwl
Pmech
Rotor Model
7
8
9
10
ω rotor
Blade Pitch
Anti-windup on Pitch Limits
PIMax & PIRat
ω
1 1+ sT p
θ cmd
Σ
2
K
+
− 6
+ K ip/ s pp K
1+ s5
+K
ptrq
Pitch Compensation
K
+ K ic/ s pc
/s
3
π
itrq
−
Σ
+
1 Wind Pavl Power 1 + sT pav Model
(glimv) WTG Ter Bus Freq
Pavf
+
Σ
Auxiliary Signal + (psig)
Frequency Response Curve
fbus
0
if (fbus < fb OR fbus > fc)
p set
4 - Pitch Compensation
1
5
5 - Power Control
Pord
6 - Speed Reference
1+ sT pc
7 - Mech Speed 8 - Mech Angle 9 - Elect Speed 10- ElectAngle 11- Washout
Pma x
12
3 - Torque Control
Power Response Rate Limit
PsetAPC
1
Active Power Control (optional)
2 - Pitch Control
PWmin & -PWrat
p stl
Wind Speed
Pelec
PWmax & PWrat
ω
Torque Control
Anti-windup on Pitch Limits 4
1 - Pitch
2 −0.67 Pelec + 1.42Pelec + 0.51
Anti-windup on Power Limits
Pitch Control
PImin & -PIRat
1
ω ref
ω err
+
States
+
Σ
θ
1
Trip Over/Under Signal Speed Trip
ω
plim
+
Σ −
perr
sT W
11
1 + sT W +
+
12- Active Power wsho
Σ
Pord
1
To gewtg Trip Signal (glimit)
apcflg Pmi n
1
Release PMAX if fflg set
fflg
Model supported by PSLF
Apcflg is set to zero. Limits on states 2 and 3 and trip signal are not implemented. Simulator calculates initial windspeed Spdwl.
Governor WNDTGE Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines ω0
Two - Mass Rotor Model
Tmech + Tmech =
+
Pmech ω mech
Σ
Telec =
Pelec ω elec
1
1
2 H
s
+ ω0
Telec −
+
7
+
Σ
−
Σ
Σ
1
1
2 H g
s
9
Δω
ρ 3 Pmech = Av r w C p ( λ,θ ) 2 λ = Kb (ω / vw ) 4
∑∑α θ λ i
j
ij
i=0 j =0
See charts for curve fit values
1
ω base
+
Σ
ω0
Wind Power Model
Σ
K tg
Tshaft
+
ωelec
+
Model supported by PSLF
s
+
− −
4
Turbine Speed
1 8
ω base ω mech
Dtg
+ ω0
C ( λ,θp) =
ω rotor
10
s ω
Generator Speed
Governor WNDTRB Governor WNDTRB Wind Turbine Control Model
90 BP R M X
Rotor speed ω r
+
Σ −
KP (1+ sT 1)
1+ sT 2
s -BPR M X
ω ref
1
1
0
2
cos
1 1+ sT a
3
π
Pmech
Pwo
States
1 - Input 2 - Blade Angle (Deg) Model supported by PSLF
3 - Blade Pitch Factor
Governor WPIDHY Governor WPIDHY Woodward PID Hydro Governor Model States
1 - Mechanical Output t u p t u E O S t i A n B U M r e P
PR EF
PELEC
−
( G 2 , P2 )
0
1.0
( G 0 , 0)
REG
1 + sT REG
+
+
Σ
6 - Velocity 7 - Gate
sK D
2 Speed −
3 - PID1 4 - PID2
( G1 , P1 )
Gate Position (pu)
Δω
2 - Measured Delta P
5 - PID3
Σ
+
(1, P3 )
K P
+ Σ +
3
1
(1 + sT A )
2
4 5
1
6
1 + sT B
1
GP
7
s
V el MIN
PMA X
G MA X
V el MA X
G MIN
1 − sT W T 1 + s W 2
1
PM IN
K i s
+ D
−
Σ
PMECH Model supported by PSSE
Governor WSHYDD Governor WSHYDD WECC Double-Derivative Hydro Governor Model
Pref Δω
(Speed)
2
1
err
1+ sT D
db1
3 +
sK 1
1+ sT F
+
Σ +
+ −
K I
Σ −
s
T T = 0
s2K 2
(1+ sT F ) 4
VEL OPEN
+
Σ −
K G
8
1+ sT P VE L CLOSE
R
2
6
1
7
(T T > 0)
Pelec
1+ sT T
5
PMA X
1 s
9
PGV
GV db2
N GV
1 + s A t u rb T t ur b 1 + s B t ur b T t u rb
T r a t e
Pmech
M V A
1
PMIN
States
1 - Pmech
6 - Integrator
2 - TD
7 - Pelec Sensed
3 - K1
8 - Valve
Model supported by PSSE
4 - K 2 first
9 - Gate
Inputs GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block
5 - K 2 second
Governor WSHYGP Governor WSHYGP WECC GP Hydro Governor Plus Model K P
Pref +
Δω
(Speed)
−
err db1
+
1
Σ
K I
2
1+ sT D
−
3
+
s
CV
Σ
4
sK D
R
1+ sT f
VEL OPEN
+
Σ −
K G
6
1+ sT P VE L CLOSE
T t = 0
+
5
(T t > 0)
Pelec
1 1+ sT t
PMA X
1 s
PMIN
Model supported by PSSE GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block
PGV
GV
7 db2
N GV
1 + s A t ur b T t u rb 1 + s B t ur b T t ur b
1
T r a t e
Pmech
M V A
States
1 - Pmech
5 - Pelec Sensed
2 - TD
6 - Valve
3 - Integrator
7 - Gate
4 - Derivative
Governor WSIEG1 Governor WSIEG1 WECC Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model GV 0
Δω
err db1
K
1+ sT 2 1+ sT 1
PMA X UO
+ 1
CV
−
Σ −
1
1
T 3
s UC
+
2
PGV
GV db2
N GV
PMIN
Σ
+
Σ
+
Σ
+
+
+
K 3
K 5
K 7
PMECH HP
PM1
States
1 - Lead-lag K 1
1 1+ sT 4
3
1
1
4
1+ sT 5
1
5
1+ sT 6
2 - Governor Output 3 - Turbine 1
6
1+ sT 7
4 - Turbine 2 5 - Turbine 3
K 2
K 4
Iblock = 1 : if PMIN =0, PMIN =Pinitial Iblock = 2 : if PMAX =0, PMAX =Pinitial Iblock = 3 : if PMIN =0, PMIN =Pinitial : if PMAX =0, PMAX =Pinitial
GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of N GV block Model supported by PSSE
K 6
+ +
Σ
K 8
+ +
Σ
6 - Turbine 4
+ +
Σ
PMECH LP
PM2
Governor WT1T Governor WT1T Wind Turbine Model for Type-1 Wind Turbines
Pgen +
Σ
Pmech
From Generator Model
−
÷
1
1
2 H
s
Tacc
−
From Governor Model
1
To Generator Model and Governor Model
ω
Damp
Type 1 WTG Turbine One - mass Model
ωt From Governor Pmech Model
÷
Tmech +
−
Σ
−
1
1
2 H t
s
Dshaft From Generator Model
Pgen
÷
Telec
−
+
Σ
+ ωg
Δ ω tg
1
1
2 H g
s
1
ω0
Δω t
ωt
Σ
States
1 - TurbineSpeed +
Σ−
Δ ω tg
Δω g 3
ω0
1
K
s
Σ
2 - ShaftAngle
2
3 - GenSpeed 4 - GenDeltaAngle
ωg
1
4
s
Type 1 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model Model supported by PSLF
H t =H×H tfrac H g =H-H t K=
2H t ×H g ×(2 π ×Freq1) 2 H
Governor WT3T Governor WT3T Wind Turbine Model for Type-3 (Doubly-fed) Wind Turbines From Generator Model
Simplified Aerodynamic M odel Blade Pitch From Pitch Control Model
+
+
Σ π
θ
Pgen
K aero
−
− Σ
Pmech +
Σ
+
−
÷
Tacc
1
1
2 H
s
−
1
ω
To P itch Control Model and Converter Control Model
Pmo
θ0
Damp
Type 3 WTG Turbine One - mass Model 1 ⎞ Theta 2 ⎛ When windspeed > rated windspeed, blade pitch initialized to θ = ⎜ 1− 2 ⎟ 0.75 ⎝ V W ⎠ ωt
Pmech
÷
−
Tmech
Σ
+
−
1
1
2 H t
s
Dshaft Pgen
÷
Telec +
Σ
−
+ ωg
Δ ω tg
1
1
2 H g
s
1
ω0
Δω t +
Σ−
Δ ω tg
Δω g 3
ω0
ωt
Σ
1 - TurbineSpeed 1
2
2 - ShaftAngle
K
s
Σ
States
3 - GenSpeed ωg
4 - GenDeltaAngle 1
4
s
Type 3 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model Model supported by PSLF
H t =H×H tfrac H g =H-H t K=
2H t ×H g ×(2 π ×Freq1) 2 H
Governor WT3T1 Governor WT3T1 Mechanical System Model for Type 3 Wind Generator
Blade Pitch From θ WT3P1 Model
+
+ K aero −
Σ π
+ Paero initial
Σ
− 1
Initial θ Pitch 0 Angle
1+ State 1
+ +
Σ
+
−
1
Σ
Tmech
2 Ht s
1
Δω t
ω base
Δ ω tg +
+
Σ −
Dshaft
K shaft
Σ −
2
s
Damp
+
Σ
+
+
Tmech
−
Σ−
1
3
Δω g +
Telec
ω base
2 Hg s
Σ
ωg
ω base
−
H t =H×H tfrac H g =H-H t K shaft =
ω 0 Initial rotor slip
2H t ×H g ×(2 π ×Freq1) 2 H× ω 0
Model supported by PSSE
1 s
4
Rotor Angle Deviation
Governor BBGOV1 European Governor Model BBGOV1 PELEC SWITCH = 0
SWITCH ≠ 0
1 1 + sT 1 PO
Δ ω Speed
f cut
−K LS
+ K S
−
Σ
+
−
f cut
P MAX
−
K LS
1
K G
s
K LS
Σ
⎛
⎞ ⎟ 1 sT + N ⎠ ⎝
K P ⎜
+
1
sK D
1 + sT D P MIN
1 1 + sT 4
+
1 − K 2
+ 1 − K 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
K 2
1 + sT 5 K 3
1 + sT 6
Σ +
PMECH
Governor IVOGO IVO Governor Model IVOGO
REF MAX 3
MAX 1 +
SPEED
−
K1 ( A1 + sT1 )
Σ
K3 ( A3 + sT3 )
A2 + sT2
A4 + sT4
K5 ( A5 + sT5 )
MAX 5 P MECH
A6 + sT6
MIN 5 MIN 1
1
2
3
MIN 3
4
5
6
Governor TURCZT Czech Hydro and Steam Governor Model TURCZT Frequency Bias BSFREQ +
Power Regulator
f MAX
Σ −
K KO R
f DEAD
f MIN
K P
N TREF
dF REF
+
Σ
N TMAX
− SBASE
1
MBASE
1 + sT C
PELEC
Hydro Converter
+
−
+ 1
K M
1
Σ
+
1 + sT EHP
K STAT
s DEAD
N TMIN
Y REG
−
Frequency Bias
sT I
Measuring Transducer
Σ
Governor 1
3
2
4
5
6 Steam Unit
HP Part
1 + sT HP
G MAX
+
Σ −
1
1
T U
s
V MIN
SWITCH = 1
Σ
Reheater
1 Y REG
+
1
Regulation Valves V MAX
K HP
1 + sT R
+
1 − K HP
1
PMECH
K M
SWITCH = 0
2
G MIN
−
Σ +
1 1 + s T H 2
Turbine
3
1
PMECH
K M Hydro Unit
Governor URCSCT Combined Cycle on Single Shaft Model URCSCT
Plant Output ( M W )
(STOUT C, POUT C ) (STOUT B, POUT B) (STOUT A, POUT A)
Steam Turbine Output (MW )
1
2
3
4
5
6
(Steam Turbine Rating, Steam & Gas Turbine Rating)
Governor HYGOVM Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
H SC H (V ) H LAKE (V )
Q SC H TUNNEL TUNL / A, TUNL OS
QTU N
SCHARE SURGE CHAMBER
SCHLOS
H BSCH
Q PEN
PENSTOCK PENL / A, PENLOS
TURBINE
Hydro Turbine Governor Lump ed Parameter Model
H TAIL (V )
Governor HYGOVM Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM 2 Q PE N
At
PENLOS
Q
Gate + Relief Valve
π
INPUT
O
2
π
2 PEN 2
At
+
O
÷
+
Σ
−
+
+
H BSCH +
Σ H BSCH
Σ
H LAKE
−
+
+
Σ
gv
Σ
s PENL A
−
H TAIL
−
Q 2 TU N
H SC H
TUNLOS
gv
SCHLOS
gv
sTUNL A
Q 2 SC H
π
Q SC H
Σ
OUTPUT Q PE N
+
sTUNL A
π
QTU N
−
Q PEN L E GE N D : gv TUN L/A SCHARE PENLO S FSCH PENL/A
1
Gravitational acceleration Summ ation of length/cross section of tunnel Surge chamber cross section Penstock head loss coeficient Surge chamber orifice head loss coeficient Summ ation of length/cross section of penstock, scroll case and draft tube
At O HSCH QPEN QTUN QSCH
2
3
4
5
6
Turbine flow gain Gate + relief valve opening Water level in surge chamber Penstock flow Tunnel flow Surge chamber flow
Hydro Turbine Governor Lump ed Parameter Model
Governor HYGOVM Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM MXJDOR
Jet Deflector +
Σ −
1
1
T g
s
Deflector Position
MXJDCR
Speed
0.01 +
Governor
Σ
Speed Reference
−
+
Σ −
1
1+ sT r
1+ sT f
rsT r
Gate Servo
+
G MAX
MXGTOR or MXBGOR
+
Σ −
G MIN
1
1
T g
s MXGTCR or MXBGCR
R
− RVLVCR +
1
2
Gate Opening
3
4
5
6
Σ
RVLMAX
1 s
Relief Valve
Relief Valve Opening
0
L E GE N D : R r Tr Tf Tg
Permanent droop Tempo rary droop Governor time constant Filter time constant Servo time constant
MXG TOR MXGT CR MXBGOR
Maximum gate opening rate Maximum gate closing rate Maximum buffered gate opening rate
MXBGC R GMAX GMIN RVLV CR RVLMAX MXJDOR MXJDCR
Maximum buffered gate closing opening Maximum gate limit Minimum gate limit Relief valve closing rate Maximum relief valve limit Maximum jet deflector opening rate Maximum jet deflector closing rate
Governor HYGOVT Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT H SC H (V ) Q SC H
H LAKE (V ) TUNNEL
QTU N
SCHARE SURGE CHAMBER
SCHLOS
H BSCH
PENSTOCK
Q PEN
TURBINE
H TAIL (V )
Time TUNNEL (TUNLGTH ,TUNSPD ,TUNARE ,TUNLOS ) Tunnel Inlet Constraint
Surge Chamber Constraints
⎧ ⎪
DELT* ICON( M + 3) ⎨
⎪ ⎩
Flows Heads
Space VAR(L+46 ) VAR(L+66 )
144 42444 3
TUNLGTH / (ICON (M + 2) +1)
VAR(L + 45+ ICON(M + 2))= Q TUN VAR(L + 65+ ICON(M + 2))= H BSCH
Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling Wave Mod el
Governor HYGOVT Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
Surge Chamber QTU N +
Σ Q PEN
1 sSCHARE
Q SC H
π
Q 2 SC H
H SC H +
Σ H
+
BSCH
SCHLOS
Time PENSTOCK ( PENLGTH , PENSPD , PENARE , PENLOS ) Surge Chamber Constraints
Turbine Constraint
⎧ ⎪
DELT * ICON( M +1) ⎨
⎪ ⎩
Flows Heads
Space VAR(L + 6 ) = Q PEN VAR(L + 26 ) = H BSCH
144 42444 3
PENLGTH / (ICON (M ) +1)
VAR(L+ 55+ ICON(M)) VAR(L + 25 + ICON(M))
Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling W ave Model
Governor HYGOVT Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT MXJDOR
Jet Deflector +
Σ −
1
1
T g
s
Deflector Position
MXJDCR
0.01 +
Governor
Speed
G MAX
Speed Reference
−
+
Σ −
1
1+ sT r
1+ sT f
rsT r
Σ
Gate Servo
+
MXGTOR or MXBGOR
+
Σ −
G MIN
1
1
T g
s MXGTCR or MXBGCR
R
− RVLVCR +
1
2
3
4
Gate Opening
5
Σ
RVLMAX
6
1 s
Relief Valve L E GE N D : R r Tr Tf Tg
MXG TOR MXGT CR MXBGOR
Relief Valve Opening
0
Permanent droop Tempo rary droop Governor time constant Filter time constant Servo time constant
MXBGC R GMAX GMIN RVLV CR RVLMAX MXJDOR MXJDCR
Maximum buffered gate closing opening Maximum gate limit Minimum gate limit Relief valve closing rate Maximum relief valve limit Maximum jet deflector opening rate Maximum jet deflector closing rate
Maximum gate opening rate Maximum gate closing rate Maximum buffered gate opening rate Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling W ave Model
Governor TGOV4 Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model with PLU and EVA Model TGOV4
sT REVA
Generator Power
Y
E VA > R ate Level
1 + sT REVA
T IV 1
AND
−
EVA > Unbalance Level
Σ +
OR
T IV 2
Y
IV #1 IV # 2
Reheat Pressure
Generator Current
sT RPLU
1 + sT RPLU
T CV 1 P LU > R ate Level
Timer
Y T CV 2 AND
+ −
P L U > Unbalance Level
Σ
2
3
4
5
6
LATCH
T CV 3
CV # 2 CV # 3
Y
N
1
CV #1
PLU and EV A Logic Diagram
T CV 4
CV # 4
Governor TWDM1T Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 1T VELM OPEN
N REF
+
1
Σ
1+ sT f
−
Speed +
e
1
1+ sT r
Σ
GATE MAX
1
rT r VELM CLOSE
1
c
s
g
1+ sT g
GATE MIN
+
R
÷
−
π
h
1
Σ
sT W
+
q
+
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Σ
π
At
+
Σ
−
−
qN L
D turb
Tail W ater Depression Model 1
1.0
PMECH
0.
Speed
Δ f < F 2 AND
ΔFREQ
1 1+ sT ft
Δ f
sΔf < sF2
TF 2LATCH
Measured Frequency
Δ f < F 1
TF 1LATCH
Tail Water Depression Trip Model
OR
Trip Tail Water Depression
Governor TWDM2T Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 2T Δ ω SPEED −
1
Σ
s
+
Reg
1
LOGIC
(1+ sT A )
+ Tw o Trip
Σ ÷
π
−
h
Σ
1 sT W
+
1
3
+
q
Σ
π
At
−
1+ sT B
s G ATMN
4
5
6
Σ
1.0
PMECH
0.
qN L D turb
Δ f < F 2
1 1+ sT ft
+
−
AND
ΔFREQ
1
V ELMN
Tail Water Depression Model 2 2
1
sK D
P ELECT
1
2
K P
P REF +
+
Σ
TWD Lock MIN
1 + sT REG −
+
G ATMX
V ELMX
TWD Lock MAX
Δ f
sΔf < sF2
TF 2LATCH
Measured Frequency
Δ f < F 1
TF 1LATCH
Tail W ater Depression Trip Model
OR
Trip Tail Water Depression
HVDC Two Terminal DC Control Diagram P D E S
VOLTAGE
+
TRANSDUCER
V DC
V MEAS
1 1 + sT v
I DES
Σ
PM O D +
RECT
P DES
CONSTANT
CONSTANT
V MEAS
PO W ER
CURRENT
=
I DES
CURRENT TRANSDUCER
I DC
I MAX
1
If I MIN≤ I DES≤ I MAX I ORD = I DES If I MIN> I DES, I ORD= I DES If I MAX< I DES, I ORD= I MAX
I MAX
1 + sT C
I MIN
I MEAS
V MIN MARGIN SWITCH LOGIC
I V
V MEAS
= 10%* I MIN V = *V MIN LIM
MAX RATED
Σ
+
I MOD
−
− I OR D
E O R E O I
LIM
+
( RECTIFIER ) CURRENT MARGIN
−Kα (1+ sT 1)
'
V α
(1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3)
+
Σ +
0
2 RC
( INVERTER )
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1.35 E C
1
−
V α
V cosα R = α − cosγ o E OR V cosα I = α − cos γ E OR
LIM= = LIM
1 + sT D cosα R cosα I
E (cos γ 0 + cos γ min ) − 2 E(cos γ + cos γ STOP ) − 2 OI OR
I MEAS
I MEAS
( RECTIFIER )
( INVERTER )
I I M EAS
M EAS
) R( RECT ( ) R IVERT C
C
HVDC WSCC Stability Program Two-Terminal DC Line Model P G EN r
+
jQ G E N r
1 : N r
PG EN i
1
X c r
V v r
2
R c r
L sr
V A r
=
Dr'
=
3
2 π
Nr VA R
Er c o s α
c o s θ r
=
−
L
D r '
=
3
2 π
3 I π
Vp r
cos γ
IX cr
=
r
−
2 V p r Dr' I
=
=
( Er c o s α
c o s θ r
=
( Er c o s α
W H E R E RT O T
Ei
=
Di'
=
3
M IN
=
−
Ei c o s γ M I N
+
Ei c o s γ S T O P
R
+
Rc r
+
Rc i
Vv r
− −
3
+
π
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
Vv i ) / RT O T
−
Vv r
−
( X cr
Vv i ) / RT O T −
V v i
X c i )
jQ G E N i
N i : 1
X c i
D i'
2 π
c o s θ i
M IN
R ci
V i
E r
'''
L si
−
V A i
V r
PG EN r
Xc r
Pi
I
D r '
I'' I
R
3 V p r
Er
Pr
Ni VA i
Ei c o s α =
D i' E i
−
=
3
2 π
3 I π
Xc i
V p i
Vp i
c o s β i
=
PG EN i
c o s θ i =
−
Di' I
IX c i
2 V p i
HVDC-MTDC Control System for Rectifiers and Inverters without Current Margin
V DC
V LAG
1 1 + sT v
I DC
I DES
P DES
CONSTANT
CONSTANT
V MEAS
PO W ER
CURRENT
=
I MAX
1
' I MAX
1 + sT C
I MIN V
I DES
If I MIN≤ I D≤ I MAX I ORD = I D If I D> I MAX, I ORD= I MAX If I D< I MIN, I ORD= I MIN
DV
I MEAS
V do L
+
Σ
−
I OR D
I REF
V 1
−Kα (1+ sT 1)
V 3
(1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3)
0.0 R EC T L IM = Vdo L (cos γ 0 INV LIM = VdoL (cos γ 0
GREATER V α OF THE TWO
V C
+ cos γ min ) + cos γ STO P )
6 X C π
I MEAS Model in the public domain, available from BPA
V do
1 + sT LIM
LIM
−
1
+1 . cos α
=
V α V doL
− cos γ ON
− 1.
cosα
HVDC-MTDC Control System for Terminals with Current Margin I OR D 1 I OR D 2 I OR D 3
...
I O R D
cos γ ON
Σ
2 RC ( F RA C) IMARG V do INITIAL
+
FRAC = 0.25
cos γ o
N -1
VCORD
I DC
=
= Vdo (cos γ ON −
cos γ o ) + 2 RC I ORD
1 1 + sT C
I OR D
I MEAS
V CORD
−
V do L
+
Σ I MARG
V 1
−Kα (1+ sT 1)
V 3
(1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3)
0.0 L IM = VdoL (cos γ ON
+
GREATEST OF THE TWO
V C
cos γ STOP )
6 X C π
I MEAS Model in the public domain, available from BPA
V do
1 + sT LIM
LIM
+
1
V α
+1 . cos α
=
V α V doL
− cos γ ON
− 1.
cosα
HVDC Detailed VDCL and Mode Change Card Multi-Terminal
CURRENT
YES
1.0
P DES
P DES
V MEAS
V MEAS
Y 1
I DES V MEAS
Y 0
V
MEAS>
V 1C NO
VOLTAGE V 1
Y1 , Y 0 V 1 , V2
VDCL
V 2
VDCL PU Current on rated Current base PU Voltage on rated Voltage base
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
V C 1
I ORD
Mode Change PU rated DC Voltage below which mode is changed to constant I from constant P
HVDC Equivalent Circuit of a Two Terminal DC Line X r R r
R c r R e q r
R L
R e q i
R c i
X i
R i
1 : T
1 : T I d
V D r
Pr , Qr
V D i
+
E α r
E c r
−
Pi , Qi +
V d o r c o s α r
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
V d r
V d i
−
− V d o i
c o s α i
E c i
E α i
HVDC BPA Converter Controller P D E S
VOLTAGE
+
TRANSDUCER
V DC
V MEAS
1 1 + sT v
I DES
Σ
PM O D +
RECT
P DES
CONSTANT
CONSTANT
V MEAS
PO W ER
CURRENT
=
CURRENT
I DES
TRANSDUCER
I DC
I MAX
1
If I MIN≤ I DES≤ I MAX I ORD = I DES If I MIN> I DES, I ORD= I DES If I MAX< I DES, I ORD= I MAX
I MAX
1 + sT C
I MIN
I MEAS
V MIN MARGIN SWITCH LOGIC
I V
V MEAS
10%* I = MIN *V V = MIN LIM
MAX RATED
Σ
I MOD
−
− I OR D
+
( RECTIFIER )
C U R R E N T LIM CONTROLLER −Kα (1+ sT 1)
CURRENT MARGIN
E O R E O I '
V α
(1+ sT2 )(1+ sT3)
+
Σ +
0
2 RC
( INVERTER )
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1.35 E C
1
− +
I DES
V α
V cosα R = α − cosγ o E OR V cosα I = α − cos γ E OR
LIM = LIM =
1 + sT D cosα R cosα I
E (cos γ 0 + cos γ min ) − 2 OIE(cos γ + cos γ STOP ) − 2 OR
I MEAS
I MEAS
( RECTIFIER )
( INVERTER )
I I M EAS
M EAS
R( REC)T ( IVERT ) CR
C
HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model P D E S +
V dr
V MEAS
1 1 + sT v
I DES
P M O D
Σ
+
( R )
P DES
CONSTANT
CONSTANT
V MEAS
PO W ER
CURRENT
=
I des
I de s I d
I MAX
1 1 + sT C I d
If I MIN< I des< I MAX I ord = I des If I MIN≥ I des, I ord= I MIN If I MAX≤ I des, I o rd= I MAX
I MAX I MIN V MIN
MEAS
V MEAS
MARGIN SWITCH LOGIC
I OR D
D I +
Σ
I o r d
+
r
I o r d
r
Control Scheme Logic
+
I MOD
Vdor cosα0 −Vdoi cos γ i − 2V 0
V do r
I DC
iT
RT
I o r d
Σ
I or d
−
Δ I
(current margin )
+
I N V . C o n t r o l le r
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1+ sT L
I d I DC
cosα r cosα i
i
V do i D I +
1
I o r d If:
i
Control Scheme Logic
iT ≥ Iordr →CC −CEA Control →Id = Iordr γi = γo; Vdor cosαr =Vdoi cosγo + 2 VD + RT ID iT ≥ Iordi →CIA−CC Control → Id = I ordi γr = γo; Vdoi cosγi =Vdo cosαo − 2 VD − RT ID I i I CIA− CEA Control→ dI = Ti ordi < T < ordr → αr =αo; γi =γo
HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model
I MAX I AC
s
1
s
P AC
1+ sT d
1+ sT f
s + ε
2
s
I MOD
+ sA + B
K
s2 + sC + D
I MIN
Low Level M odulation
*
P MAX
I AC
s
1
s
s2 + sA + B
P AC
1+ sT d
1+ sT f
s + ε
s2 + sC + D
P MOD
K *
P MIN
High L evel M odulation P
*
MAX=
P
M AX−
P
P * M IN= P
DESIRED
− M IN
P
DESIRED
P MAX
ω 1 RECT
ω 2 INV
s
1
s
1+ sT d 1
1+ sT f 1
s + ε 1
s2 + sC1 + D1
s
1
s
s2 + sA2 + B2
1+ sT d 2
1+ sT f 2
s + ε 2
s2 + sC2 + D2
2
s
+ sA1 + B1
Dual Frequancy M odulation
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
K 1
+
Σ −
K 2
P MIN
P MOD
HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model Gamma Modulation
γ MAX V AC
s
1+ sT 1
+
Σ −
A+ sT 3
B+ sT 5
1+ sT 4
1+ sT 6
V REF
T1 , T3 , T4 , T5 are in secs. γ M AX , γ MIN are in degrees HILO must be 5
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
K γ
+
Σ +
γ 0
K γ is in degrees/pu volts A, B must be 1 or zero
γ MIN
γ
Load Characteristic CIM5
Load Characteristic CIM5 Induction Motor Load Model Type 1
Type 2
+ jXA R A
+ jXA R A
jX 1
jX 1
jX 2
jX m
jX 2 jX m
R1
R2
s
s
R1 s
R2
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R2 = X2 = 0. 2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base= PMULT*MWload. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE 3. Load Torque, TL = T(1+D )D ω
4. For motor starting, T=Tnom is specified by the user in CON(J+18). For motor online studies, T=T0 is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V| is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set V=0 | 6. T| is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. TB is the breaker delay time cycles. Model supported by PSSE
s
Load Characteristic CIM6
Load Characteristic CIM6 Induction Motor Load Model Type 1
Type 2
+ jXA R A
+ jXA R A
jX 1
jX 1
jX 2
jX m
jX 2 jX m
R1
R2
s
s
R1 s
R2 s
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R2 = X2 = 0. 2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base= PMULT*MWload. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE 3. Load Torque, TL =T ( A2 +B +C0 +D
)
E
ω
ω
ω
D
4. For motor starting, T=Tnom is specified by the user in CON(J+22). For motor online studies, T=T0 is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V| is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set V=0 | 6. T| is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. TB is the breaker delay time cycles. Model supported by PSSE
Load Characteristic CIMW
Load Characteristic CIMW Induction Motor Load Model Type 1
Type 2
+ jXA R A
+ jXA R A
jX 1
jX 1
jX 2
jX 2
jX m
jX m R1
R2
s
s
R1 s
s
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R2 = X2 = 0. 2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base= PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE 3. Load Torque, TL =T ( A2 +B +C0 +D
)
E
ω
ω
ω
D
E where C0=1− A2 − B 0 − D 0 . ω
ω
ω
4. This model cannot be used formotor starting studies. T0 is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V| is the per unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set V=0 | 6. T| is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the relay to trip. TB is the breaker delay time cycles. Model supported by PSSE
R2
Load Characteristic CLOD
Load Characteristic CLOD Com lex Load Model P + jQ
Tap
R+ jX PO PO = Load MW input on system base
I
M
M
Large Motors
Small Motors
Model supported by PSSE
I
V
Discharge Motors
Constant MVA
P = P RO *V P K
Q = Q RO *V 2
V
Transformer Saturation
Remaining Loads
Load Characteristic EXTL
Load Characteristic EXTL Complex Load Model
Pinitial
Q initial
PMLTMX
+ π
Pactual
−
Σ
QMLTMX
+
1 Pinitial
K P s
PMLTMN
π
P MULT Q actual
−
Σ
1
K Q
Q initial
s
QMLTMN
Q MULT
Load Characteristic IEEL
Load Characteristic IEEL Com lex Load Model
( (a v
)
P = Pload a1vn1 + a2vn2 + a3v 3 (1+ a7Δf ) Q = Qload
Model supported by PSSE
n4
4
n
+ a5vn + a6vn ) (1+ a8Δf ) 5
6
Load Characteristic LDFR
Load Characteristic LDFR Com lex Load Model
m
⎛ ω ⎞ P = PO ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ω O ⎠
n
⎛ ω ⎞ Q = QO ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ω O ⎠
r
⎛ ω ⎞ I p= I po⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ω O ⎠
s
⎛ ω ⎞ Iq = I qo ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ω O ⎠
Model supported by PSSE
Load Characteristic BPA INDUCTION MOTOR I
Load Characteristic BPA Induction MotorI Induction Motor Load Model
jX R
RS + jXS
MECHANICAL LOAD jX m
R R = R s
Model Notes: Mechanical Load Torque, T = (Aω2 + Bω + C)TO where C is calculated by the program such that Aω2 + Bω + C= 1.0 ω
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
=1−ω
T , E MWS
Load Characteristic BPA TYPE LA
Load Characteristic BPA Type LA Load Model
(
2 P = P0 PV + PV 1 2 + P3 + P 4 (1+Δf * L DP )
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
)
Load Characteristic BPA TYPE LB
Load Characteristic BPA Type LB Load Model
(
)
2 P = P0 PV + PV 1 2 + P3 (1+ Δf * L DP )
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
Stabilizer BPA SF, BPA SP, BPA SS, and BPA SG Stabilizer BPA SF, BPA SP, BPA SS, and BPA SG Stabilizer Models
⎧ ⎪ VT =VTO − VT ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ CHOICE OF ⎪ e ts INPUT SIGNALS⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ SHAFT SLIP, ⎪ Δ FREQ. OR ⎪ ACCEL. POWER ⎩
K QV
2
1+sTQV 3
−
K QS
+
Σ +
sTQ 1+sTQ
5
4 ' Q1
' Q2
1+sT
1+sT
1+sT
1+sTQ1
1+sTQ2
1+sTQ3
K QS 1+sTQS
ΔVT
1
If VCUTOFF ≤ 0.0, then VS =VS'
VSMAX
If VCUTOFF >0.0, then
VS'
VS =V if ΔVT ≤ VCUTOFF ' S
VST
VS =0.0 if ΔVT >VCUTOFF States
6 ' Q3
ΔVT =VTO − VT
1 - K QS 2 - K QV 3 - TQ 4 - TQ1 5 - TQ2 6 - TQ3 Model in the public domain, available from BPA
VSMIN ZERO
Stabilizer BPA SH, BPA SHPLUS, and BPA SI Stabilizer BPA SH, BPA SHPLUS, and BPA SI Stabilizer Models
No block diagrams have been created
Stabilizer IEE2ST Stabilizer IEE2ST IEEE Stabilizin Model with Dual-In ut Si nals
Input Signal #1
K 1
1
1+sT1
Σ +
Input Signal #2
K 2
1+sT5
1+sT7
1+sT4
1+sT6
1+sT8
2
Output Limiter
LSMAX 1+sT9
6
1+sT10
VSS
LSMIN
1 - Transducer1 2 - Transducer2 3 - Washout 4 - LL1 5 - LL2 6 - Unlimited Signal Model supported by PSSE
5
sT3
1+sT2
States
4
3
+
VS = VSS if (VCU > VCT > VCL ) VS = 0
if (VCT < VCL )
VS = 0
if (VCT > VCU )
VST
Stabilizer IEEEST Stabilizer IEEEST IEEE Stabilizing Model
Filter
Input Signal
1+A5s+A 6 s2
1+sT1
1+sT3
(1+A1s+A 2s 2 )(1+A3s+A 4 s2 )
1+sT2
1+sT4
1
3
2
5
4
6
Output Limiter
L SMAX K S
sT5
7
VSS
1+sT6 L SMIN
VS = VSS if (VCU > VCT > VCL ) VS = 0
if (VCT < VCL )
VS = 0
if (VCT > VCU )
States
1 - Filter 1 2 - Filter 2 3 - Filter 3 4 - Filter Out 5 - LL1 6 - LL2 7 - Unlimited Signal Model supported by PSLF with time delay that is not implemented in Simulator Model supported by PSSE
VST
Stabilizer PFQRG Stabilizer PFQRG Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit Reactive Power J= 1
MAX
+
Σ +
J= 0 Power Factor
States
1 - PI Model supported by PSLF
K P +
K I
1
VST
s -MAX
Reference Signal, Reactive power or Power Factor
To Voltage Regulator
Supplementary Signal
Stabilizer PSS2A Stabilizer PSS2A IEEE IE EE Dual-In Dual-In ut Stabi Stabiliz lizer er Model Model 1
Input Signal #1
2
3
sTW1
sTW2
1
1+sTW1
1+sTW2
1+sT6
+
7
Σ +
N
⎡ 1+sT8 ⎤ ⎢ M ⎥ ⎣ (1+sT9 ) ⎦ 9
Input Signal #2
6
5
sTW3
sTW4
K S2
1+sTW3
1+sTW4
1+sT7
States
1 - WOTW1
11 - RampFilter3
2 - WOTW2
12 - RampFilter4
3 - Tran Transsduce ducerr1
13 - Ram RampFil pFilte terr5
4 - WOTW3
14 - RampFilter6
5 - WOTW4
15 - RampFilter7
6 - Tran Transd sduc ucer er2 2
16 - Ram RampFi pFilter8 ter8
7 - LL1
17 - RampFilter9
8 - LL2
18 - RampFilter10
9 - Ram RampFil pFilte ter1 r1
19 - LLGEO GEOnly nly
Σ −
K S1
1+sT1
1+sT3
1+sT2
1+sT4
− 18
K S3 4
+
8
10 - RampFilter2 Model supported by PSLF Mode Modell supp suppor orte ted d by by PSSE PSSE with withou outt TA ,TB lead/ ead/llag bloc block k and and with with KS4 = 1
VSTMAX
K S4 A+sT A
19
1+sT B
VST VSTMIN
Stabilizer PSS2B Stabilizer PSS2B IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer Model 1
VS1MAX VS1
3
2
sTW1
sTW2
1
1+sTW1
1+sTW2
1+sT6
7
+
N
Σ +
VS1MIN
⎡ 1+sT8 ⎤ ⎢ M ⎥ ⎣ (1+sT9 ) ⎦ 9
6
5
4
sTW3
sTW4
K S2
1+sTW3
1+sTW4
1+sT7
VS2
VS2MIN States
1 - WOTW1
11 - RampFilter3
2 - WOTW2
12 - RampFilter4
3 - Tran Transsduce ducerr1
13 - Ram RampFil pFilte terr5
4 - WOTW3
14 - RampFilter6
5 - WOTW4
15 - RampFilter7
6 - Tran Transd sduc ucer er2 2
16 - Ram RampFi pFilter8 ter8
7 - LL1
17 - RampFilter9
8 - LL2
18 - RampFilter10
9 - Ram RampFil pFilte ter1 r1
19 - LLGEO GEOnly nly
10 - Ram RampFil pFilte ter2 r2
20 - LL3
Σ
K S1 −
1+sT1
1+sT3
1+sT10
1+sT2
1+sT4
1+sT11
− 18
K S3 VS2MAX
+
20
8
Model supported by PSLF Mode Modell supp suppor orte ted d by by PSSE PSSE with withou outt TA ,TB lead/ ead/llag bloc block k and and with with KS4 = 1
K S4
VSTMAX A+sT A
19
1+sT B
VST VSTMIN
Stabilizer PSSSB Stabilizer PSSSB IEEE PSS2A Dual-Input Stabilizer Plus Voltage Boost Signal Transient Stabilizer and Vcutoff
sTW1
sTW2
1
1+sTW1
1+sTW2
1+sT6
Input 1
7
3
2
1
+
Σ +
+
N
⎡ 1+sT8 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ (1+sT9 )M ⎦ ⎣ (1+ 9
5
1+sT1
1+sT3
1+sT2
1+sT4
sTW4
K S2
1+sTW3
1+sTW4
1+sT7
ΔVT
VSTMIN
2 - WOTW2
12 - RampFilter4
3 - Tra Transdu nsduccer1 er1
13 - Ram RampFi pFilte lter5
4 - WOTW3
14 - RampFilter6
5 - WOTW4
15 - RampFilter7
6 - Tran Transsduce ducerr2
16 - Ram RampFil pFilte terr8
7 - LL1
17 - RampFilter9
8 - LL2
18 - RampFilter1 RampFilte r10 0
9 - Ra RampF mpFilt ilter1 er1
19 - Tr Trans ansduce ducerrTEB TEB
10 - Ram RampF pFiilter ter2
20 - WOT WOTEB EB
Model supported by PSLF
>Vcutoff
0 +
Σ
≤0
+
States
11 - RampFilter3
VSTMAX
K S4
19
1 - WOTW1
ΔVT =VT0 -VT
− 18
6
sTW3
Input 2
K S1
−
K S3 4
Σ
8
0
VK
1
Sw1
0
20
1
sTd2
1+sTd1
1+sTd2
Vtl
Vcutoff
VST
Stabilizer PTIST1 Stabilizer PTIST1 PTI Microprocessor-Based Stabilizer 1 Δω
Ms 1+sTF
+
Σ
P'M
+
+
Σ −
K(1+sT1 )(1+sT3 ) (1+sT2 )(1 + sT4 )
Tap − Selection Table
+
Σ
π
Et 1 1+sTP
Pe on machine MVA base
Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator
VST
Stabilizer PTIST3 Stabilizer PTIST3 PTI Micro rocessor-Based Stabilizer
Δω
Ms 1+sTF
+
Σ
P'M +
+
Σ −
1 1+sTP
K(1+sT1 )(1+sT3 )
1+sT5
(A 0 +A1s+A 2s 2 )(A 3 +A 4s+A5 s 2 )
(1+sT2 )(1 + sT4 )
1+sT6
(B0 +B1s+B2s 2 )(B3 +B4s+B5 s 2 )
Pe on machine MVA base 1
DL Sw itch = 0
Averaging Function
− D L
Limit Function
AL
Sw itch = 1
− AL
Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator
Tap − Selection Table
Et +
Σ
π
VST
Stabilizer ST2CUT Stabilizer ST2CUT Stabilizing Model with Dual-Input Signals
Input Signal #1
K 1
1
1+sT1 4
3
+
Σ +
Input Signal #2
5
6
sT3
1+sT5
1+sT7
1+sT9
1+sT4
1+sT6
1+sT8
1+sT10
K 2 1+sT2
2
L SMAX VSS
L SMIN
Output Limiter VS = VSS if (VCU +VTO >VT >VCL +VTO ) VS = 0
if (VT < VTO +VCL )
VS = 0
if (V ( VCT > VTO +VCU CU )
VTO = ini initi tial al term termin inal al volt voltag agee VT = term termina inall volt voltage age States
1 - Transducer1 2 - Transducer2 3 - Washout 4 - LL1 5 - LL2 6 - Unlimited Signal Model supported by PSSE
VST
Stabilizer STAB1 Stabilizer STAB1 Speed-Sensitive Stabilizing Model
H LIM Speed (pu)
Ks 1+sT
1
1+sT1 1+sT3
2
1+sT2
3
VST
1+sT4 -H LIM
States
1 - Washout 2 - Lead-lag 1 3 - Lead-lag 2 Model supported by PSSE
Stabilizer STAB2A Stabilizer STAB2A Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit
K 3 1+sT3 Pe on mach machin inee MVA base
⎡ K sT ⎤ −⎢ 2 2 ⎥ ⎣ 1+sT2 ⎦ 1
States
1 - Input State 1 2 - Input State 2 3 - Input State 3 4 - T3 5 - Output State 1 6 - Output State 2 Model supported by PSSE
−
3
3
4
H LIM
+
Σ +
K 4
⎡ K 5 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣1+sT5 ⎦ 5
−
2
6
VST -H LIM
Stabilizer STAB3 Stabilizer STAB3 Pow P ower er-S -Sen ensi siti tive ve St Stab abil ilii in Un Unit it
Pref Pe on mach machine ine MVA base
1
1
1+sTt
+
−
Σ
VLIM 1 1+sTX1
2
-sK X
3
VST
1+sTX2 -VLIM
States
1 - Int Tt 2 - Int TX1 3 - Unlimited Signal Model supported by PSSE
Stabilizer STAB4 Stabilizer STAB4 Power-Sensitive Stabili er
Pref Pe on machine MVA base
1 1+sTt
1
+
−
Σ
3
2
5
4
6
sK X
1+sTa
1+sT
1
1
1+sTX2
1+sTX1
1+sTc
1+sTd
1+sTe
L2 VST L1
States
1 - Input 2 - Reset 3 - LL1 4 - LL2 5 - Td 6 - Unlimited Signal Model supported by PSSE
Stabilizer STBSVC
WECC Su
Stabilizer STBSVC lementar Si nal or Static var Com ensator
2
1
Input Signal #1
K S1
1+sTS8
1+sTS7
1+sTS9
5
+
Σ 3
Input Signal #2
States
1 - Transducer1 2 - LL1 3 - Transducer2 4 - LL2 5 - Washout Model supported by PSSE
4
K S2
1+sTS11
1+sTS10
1+sTS12
+
sTS13
K S3
1+sTS14
VSCS K S3
VST -VSCS
Stabilizer WSCCST Stabilizer WSCCST WSCC Power System Stabilizer VT0 −
VT +
Σ
States
K qv
1 - Transducer1
1
1+sTqv
2 - Transducer2 3 - WashoutTq
+
k
f(U)
1
sT2
1+sT1
1+sT2
Σ
+
+
K qs
4 - LL1
'
Vs
Σ
5 - LL2
+
6 - LL3
K t
signal
j
speed accpw freq
1 2 3
−
−−−−−−
2
1 1+sTqs
sT3
s
1+sT3
1+sT4
−
U
Σ +
ΔVT =VT0 -VT
ΔVT
0
VSMAX sTq 1+sTq
3
' 1+sTq1
4
1+sTq1
' 1+sTq2
5
' 1+sTq3
1+sTq2
6
+
1+sTq3
VSLOW 0
VK Model supported by PSLF
1
0
Sw 1
Blocks in gray have not been implemented in Simulator
Vtl 1
sTd2
1+sTd1
1+sTd2
Σ +
≤0 VS Vcutoff
>Vcutoff
Stabilizer WT12A1 and WT1P Stabilizer WT12A1 and WT1P Pseudo Governor Model or T e 1 and T e 2 Wind Turbines
Speed K P − +
ω ref
+
Pgen
1 1+sTPE
1
−
Σ
K droop
+
Pref
States
1 - Pgen 2 - K I 3 - T1 4 - Pmech WT12A1 supported by PSSE with KI = WT1P supported by PSLF
1 TI
PI MAX
+
Σ
1
Σ
1+sT1
+
K I
PI MIN
1 s
2
3
1 1+sT2
4
Pmech