Biometrics Identity Management Agency Biometrics Report, FY11

IdentIfy/enable/Protect

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TABLE OF COnTEnTS 1    Director’s Message 3    About the BIMA 3      Missio 3      Visio 4    Identify, Enable, Protect 4      A Word of Thaks to Our Stakeholders 4      Executive Aget (EA) ad Executive Maager (EM) for DoD Biometrics 6      Strategic Focus 9    Major Accomplishments FY11 9 � � � � �Identify the Individual

9 11     11     13     14    

DoD ABIS Ups the Ate Moder Architecture Watchig for Bad Guys Coformity Biometrics ad Foresics: Foresics: A Double Threat 14 � � � �Enable the Mission 14     Supportig the Warfighter 18     Techology: Techology: Leaig Forward 18     Iteroperability 18     The Biometrics Triad 21    COCOM Egagemet 22     BITMAP 24     Requiremets Maagemet Maagemet 27     Collaboratio With Academia 29 � � � �Protect Information, Identities, People 29     Measurig Success 29     Privacy 30     DoD Idetity Assurace Assurace

33    Way Ahead 33     The DoD ABIS 33     EA ad EM 33     Iteroperability 33     Forward-Lookig Architecture Architecture 35     Privacy: A High Priority 36    Conclusion 36     Edurig Capability ad Program of Record 37    Acronyms

INSIDE STORIES 7      Accuracy is Everythig 12     Higher Stadards 15     The Oe-T Oe-Two wo Puch 19     Idetity Domiators 23     The Stregth i Sharig 26     Mystery Solvers 34     High Seas Success

SUCCESS STORIES 11     Jailbreak 18     Quick Hits 21     Lookig South 22     Securig the Border 24     The Super Hit 31     The Turba Bomber

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DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE I this war that we’ve bee coductig for the l ast decade, as i other wars, specialized capabilities have evolved to support the fight Biometrics is oe of them Biometrics let us idetify whom we eed to deal with o the battlefield, ad help us take those idividuals off the battlefield

To say that Fiscal Year 2011 has bee a positive ad excitig oe for the Biometrics Idetity Maagemet Agecy (BIMA) would be a uderstatemet I my first year as Director, the BIMA cotiued to play a key role i empowerig Departmet of Defese (DoD) Biometrics Our cetral biometric data repository, the DoD Automated Automate d Biometric Idetificatio Idetificatio  System (DoD (DoD ABIS), has steadily icreased icreased i the umber umber of records while maitaiig its speed ad resposiveess for the beefit of the DoD, our iteragecy parters ad iteratioal allies

US Soldiers with Alpha Compay, 1st Battalio, 17th Ifatry Regimet use a Hadheld Iteragecy Idetity Detectio Equipmet (HIIDE) biometrics device to record iformatio about a Afgha ma i Badula Qulp, Helmad provice, Afghaista, Feb 12, 2010 The HIIDE is a multimodal biometric system that collects ad compares figerprits, iris scas ad facial photos agaist a iterally dowloaded biometric watchlist The Soldiers are participatig i Operatio Helmad Spider (US Air Force photo by TSgt Efre Lopez/Released)

Our pla for full iteroperability with the Departmet of Homelad Security (DHS) is o schedule, projected for late 2012 Memorada of Agreemet ad Cooperatio with other orgaizatios durig the fiscal year demostrated that the BIMA possesses uique, multimodal biometric datasets ad expertise that o oe else has O nov 18, 2011, we placed the fial steel beam atop our ew Biometrics Techology Ceter i Clarksburg, WVa, which will be ready for occupatio i FY14 Th is amazig facility, which we will share with the FBI’s Biometric Ceter of Excellece, reflects the DoD commitmet to joitess joites s i our efforts efforts to secure the the atio

But that’s ot the oly role for biometrics, which will edure i terms of the DoD’s busiess operatios There’s a icreasig demad — broadly, ot just i the DoD — to kow who a idividual is who’s askig for certai privileges, or for access to certai services services Biometrics offer a tool that eables us to appropriately provide that access with assurace Ad that’s why biometrics has to edure as a capability We caot put it o a shelf ad brig it back out the ext time we go to war It is true that, at a time whe improvemets i biometrics techologies techologies ad capabilities are acceleratig, a period of fiscal austerity looms This will be felt throughout the DoD ad the etire Uited States govermet govermet As decisio makers reshape the future of may programs, I believe that biometrics will remai a edurig capability ad potetially become a program of record I look forward to the challeges ad achievemets of the comig year year Please joi me i my optimism about the future of our biometrics work, ad i my gratitude to all i the biometrics commuity who safeguard our atioal security Sicerely, Dr Thomas Killio

B IO IO ME ME TR TR IC IC S ID ID En En TI TI TY TY M An An AG AG EM EM En En T AG AG En En CY CY

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ABOUT THE BIMA MISSION:

The BIMA leads DoD activities to program, coordiate, itegrate ad sychroize biometrics techologies ad capabilities, ad to operate ad maitai the DoD authoritative biometrics database i support of the natioal Security Strategy VISION: Protect the atio through the employmet of biometrics capabilities

Biometrics are measurable physical ad behavioral characteristics that eable the establishmet ad verificatio of a idividual’s idetity idetity They iclude: • Fingerprint • Iris recognition •Fa • Faci cial alr rec ecog ogni niti tion on •Pa • Palm lmp pri rint nt Biometrics also refers to the process of usig automated methods to recogize a idividual based o these ad other measurable characteristics Researchers i the field of biometrics also cotiue to improve the usability ad resposiveess of DnA, as well as behavioral modalities such as gait, to better establish idetity i specific situatios

US Army SPC Bejami Dupre, from Blue Tak, 1st Platoo, Delta Compay, 1st Battalio, 4th Ifatry Regimet, uses a Hadheld Iteragecy Idetity Detectio Equipmet (HIIDE) biometrics device to capture biometric data from a Afgha citize i Mirzaya, Zabul provice, Afghaista, Jue 22, 2010 (US Army photo by SSG William Tremblay/Released) BIOMETRICS IDENTITY MANAGEMENT AGENCY

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IDEnTIFY, EnABLE, PROTECT The problem: ANONYMITY The solutio: BIOMETRICS

DoD BIOMETRICS STRUCTURE A WORD OF THANKS TO OUR STAKEHOLDERS DoD Biometrics stakeholders iclude a wide variety of groups For example: •Soldiers,Sailors,AirmenorMarinesonthe groud i places like Iraq ad Afghaista sed us figerprits ad other biometric data that the provide a match, or “hit,” to our databases ad watchlists •Navycrewsoperatingininternationalwaters •Navycrewsoperatingininternatio nalwaters

rely o our biometric data’s ability to pull the cloak of aoymity from moder-day pirates •Theintelligenceanalystfusesbiometric •Theintelligenceanalystfuse sbiometric matches with cotextual iformatio to idetify the eemy •OurpartneragenciesincludetheDepartment •Ourpartneragenciesincludethe Department of Justice (DOJ) ad DHS, with whom we share biometric data to support atioal security iterests Employig biometrics is a three-step process The first step, Identify, strips adversaries of their aoymity o battlefields, at border crossigs ad other trasit poits ad withi the Uited States The secod, Enable, represets the may fuctios that US Forces ca carry out with biometrics, from compilig watchlists of suspected terrorists to eablig base access for cleared idividuals The third, Protect, furishes the payoff of biometrics It aswers the questio of why there’s a eed to i detify ad eable — to protect the warfighter, the advatage, the missio ad, ultimately, the atio

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BIOMETRICS IDENTITY MANAGEMENT AGENCY

A key part of the BIMA BIMA missio is to better better egage with you, the stakeholder, to aticipate ad serve your warfightig ad law eforcemet eeds, ad to eable ad empower your work

The Pricipal Staff Assistat (PSA), the Assistat Secretary of Defese for Research ad Egieerig (ASD(R&E)) provides oversight oversight to the EA ad EM for DoD Biometrics, who support umerous DoD elemets icludig the Joit Staff, Services ad Combatat Commads (COCOMs); Forward Elemets icludig US Forces – Iraq (USF-I) ad US Forces – Afghaista (USFOR-A); ad the Assistat Secretary of the Army for Acquisitio, Logistics ad Techology (ASA(ALT)), (ASA(ALT)), icludig the Program Executive Office Eterprise Iformatio Systems (PEO EIS) ad the Project Maager (PM) DoD Biometrics The EA ad EM also support the Office of the Secretary of Defese (OSD) ad the Uder Secretaries of Defese for Policy, Itelligece ad Persoel ad Readiess

EXECUTIVE AGENT (EA) AND EXECUTIVE MANAGER (EM) FOR DOD BIOMETRICS

I July 2000, Cogress desigated the Secretary of the Army as the EA for DoD Biometrics, tasked to “lead, cosolidate ad coordiate all biometrics iformatio assurace programs of the Departmet of Defese” The Director, BIMA, is the EM for DoD Biometrics


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ACCURACY ACCURAC Y IS EVERYTHING The agecy leads DoD activities to program ad sychroize biometrics cocepts, techologies ad capabilities, ad operates the DoD ABIS, the departmet’s authoritative, multimodal biometric data repository repository What bega as a suite of eablig techologies for such eeds as secure access to military istallatios soo bega offerig iovative ways to idetify ad track suspected terrorists terrorists I Iraq ad Afghaista, biometrics have bee called upo to help couter the problem of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), tracig figerprits back to those who make ad detoate IEDs IEDs I this way, biometrics have grow from a quick-reactio security measure to a edurig capability STRATEGIC FOCUS I FY11, the BIMA, operatig withi the Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3/5/7, has cotiued to serve as a leader i the larger DoD Biometrics Eterprise The Eterprise cosists of the departmet’s Joit, Service ad other parters workig to itegrate biometrics ito the idetity trasactios eeded to support military operatios ad departmetal busiess fuctios fuctios The missio of the Eterprise is to provide edurig biometrics capabilities to the DoD ad its missio parters,

ad eable idetificatio of idividuals i support of atioal security iterests Operatig globally, the Eterprise protects rights ad services for parters while deyig aoymity to adversaries The Biometrics Eterprise Strategic Pla (BESP) sets the directio for the Eterprise through the pursuit of four goals: •Military • Military Operations — Meet the warfightig biometric eeds of COCOMs, Services ad Combat Support Agecies with sufficiet timeliess ad certitude •Business • Business Functions — Itegrate biometrics ito DoD busiess fuctios as required to icrease efficiecy, effectiveess ad accuracy •Institutionalization • Institutionalization — Esure biometrics are icorporated ito stadard DoD processes i order to ehace military operatios ad busiess fuctios •Unity • Unity of Effort — Coordiate efforts to achieve uity of purpose for the effective goverace ad employmet of biometricseabled capabilities ad proactive egagemet with Joit, iteragecy ad multiatioal multiatio al parters ad civilia populatios populatios

“The key to what I look at, being the ABIS manager, manager, is future throughut, caacity and accuracy accuracy,” ,” says Gabriel,

CHELEY GABRIEL, BIMA Chief, Eterprise Operatios Divisio Clarksburg, WVa

who also has 23 years of active duty, natioal Guard ad Reserve service i the US Army The DoD Automated Biometric Idetificatio System (DoD ABIS) curretly receives about 130,000 erollmets erollmets per moth “That teds to grow every quarter by aother 5,000 to 10,000,” she says “So that’s how we’re projectig what our capacity ad throughput eed eed to be” But it’s about quality, too For istace, the DoD ABIS receives biometric files from a array of submitters with varyig degrees of accuracy “You “Yo u hear lots of persoel i the commuity talk about throughput ad capacity, but the accuracy is give a dimiished role,” Gabriel says “Lookig forward, I wat to make accuracy more of a priority for ABIS tha tha it has bee So whether that’s better traiig with our persoel who are i the areas of operatio actually usig the biometric devices ad systems, to talkig to the vedors myself to get them to make better ad more reliable devices, accuracy is a major goal for the future”

Looking forward, I want to make accuracy more of a riority for ABIS than it has been.

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MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMEnTS FY11 IDEnTIFY THE InDIVIDUAL A threat greater tha the the eemy you kow is the oe you do’t The ability to refuse aoymity aoymity to a adversary provides a critical critical advatage I FY11, the BIMA reached a ew level i its ability to collect, match, store, share ad maage biometric data, executed with speed ad accuracy The respose back to the warfighter has resulted i the prosecutio of a wide array of tactical ad strategic threats DOD ABIS UPS THE ANTE FY11 was a bechmark year for the DoD ABIS, the authoritative repository of DoD biometric data The BIMA operates ad maitais the DoD ABIS, ad i FY11 cotiued to share data with COCOMs, other US govermet agecies ad iteratioal parters System storage, biometric erollmets, matches, submitters ad the overall umber of latet, or aoymous, submissios all icreased

O July 28, 2011, BIMA operators surpassed six millio total records stored i the DoD ABIS Search Core By the ed of FY11, the database received early 16 millio submissios for the year, a 23 percet icrease over FY10, for a total of 64 millio submissios from ew ad existig customers The DoD ABIS offers ever more complete biometric data through the fusio of multiple modalities — figerprit, iris, palm prit ad facial recogitio — ad ever sleeps, 24/7/365

The power of the database complemets the power of the BIMA’s staff of Biometric Examiers (BEs) ad Certified Latet Prit Examiers (CLPEs), who employ highly specialized skill sets ot easily foud — there are fewer tha 1,000 CLPEs worldwide The Usolved Latet Prit File i the DoD ABIS curretly cotais more tha 200,000 files of latet prits such as those recovered from crime scees or weapos caches caches Each latet file must be maually ecoded by a CLPE o the Biometric Examiatio Services (BES) team prior to submissio ito the DoD ABIS ABIS The database returs a cadidate list of matches that must be reviewed by a CLPE to determie if the source of the prit ca be idetified idetified More tha 1 millio latet prit comparisos are coducted by the team each year year I additio, almost 6 percet of all teprit submissios (those with prits from all 10 figers) are set to the examiers for compariso, amoutig to about 14,000 comparisos per moth The Systems Egieerig team maitaied a 995 percet availability of the DoD ABIS, maitaiig more tha 300 computers ad more tha 400 terabytes of storage, ecompassig more tha 40 idividual databases ad 30 computig odes Beyod the assets for the DoD ABIS, the BIMA’s Iformatio Techology (IT) staff maaged almost 600 additioal servers, databases, operatig systems, computig odes ad work statios that provide the IT backboe for the agecy

US navy PO2 William Padilla, from the nurista Provicial Recostructio Team Military Police, uses a Hadheld Iteragecy Idetity Detectio Equipmet (HIIDE) biometrics device durig a missio i nurgram district ceter, nurista provice, Afghaista, May 13, 2010 (US Air Force photo by SSgt Steve R Doty/Released) BIOMETRICS IDENTITY MANAGEMENT AGENCY

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You can resent a fake identification card. You card. You can shave your beard off. But you can’t change your biometrics. biometrics. SGM Robert Haemmerle, US Army, Combied Joit Iteragecy Task Force 435, Afghaista — New York Times, July 13, 2011

The BIMA has the direct resposibility for establishig ad maitaiig both the techical ad admiistrative aspects of submitters to the DoD ABIS, such as compatibility of submissios to the database as well as security ad sharig stipulatios, withi ad outside of the DoD DoD The agecy has a direct role i the establishmet of more tha 3,400 registered Origiatig Agecy Idetifiers (ORIs) (ORIs) ORI registratios, which represet potetial ew customers, climbed from 1,600 i FY10 to 3,400 i FY11, a icrease of 113 percet As a direct result, the mothly submissio rate climbed expoetially by the ed of FY11 to 130,000 submissios per moth, ad cotiues to rise o average betwee 5,000 ad 10,000 per quarter The Watch Desk team, available to customers 24/7, took more tha 25,500 phoe calls, a 2 percet icrease over FY10; 3,100 data requests for iformatio, a 24 percet icrease over FY10; 140,000 maual cross-domai trasfers, a 33 percet icrease; 280 special projects, a 17 percet icrease; ad produced 8,000 reports for various customers that iclude iformatio such as daily erollmet umbers, represetig a 5 percet decrease after reducig for redudat ad obsolete reports

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The BES team received approximately 64,700 latet prit submissios, a 18 percet icrease over FY10, ad more tha 98,750 teprit ad facial yellow-resolve trasactios, a 57 percet icrease over FY10 A yellow-resolve case is a teprit or facial-image trasactio that caot be hadled automatically by the DoD ABIS, ad must be forwarded to the BES team for huma compariso ad match determiatio determiatio More tha 53,000 latet prit files were submitted by the BES team Latet prit submissios resulted resulted i more tha 4,600 latet prit matches, a 53 percet icrease over FY10 FY10 Of the total latet prit matches for FY11, 2,100 were associated with IED-related evidece evidece Though latet cadidate lists were reduced by half as a result of efficiecy studies, biometric examiatios were still comparable to the prior year, requirig more tha 1 millio cadidate examiatios The team implemeted a backlog mitigatio strategy that elimiated early 23,000 latet prits from the backlog i six moths moths Major successes icluded idetificatios of high-value targets icludig IED makers — oe US Special Operatios Commad (USSOCOM) erollmet i July 2011 resulted i the idetificatio of 120 latet prits ad 34 IED evets traced to a sigle idividual, ow i custody I September 2011,

follow-up efforts from the BES team resulted i the idetificatio of the suicide bomber who assassiated former Afgha Presidet Burhauddi Rabbai JAILBREAK O April 25, 2011, more tha 475 imates, may of them Taliba isurgets, escaped through a tuel from the Sarposa priso o the edge of Kadahar i souther Afghaista Withi days, 75 of the me me were recaptured at border crossigs, routie

traffic stops ad eve a recruitig statio where oe idividual was already tryig to ifiltrate security forces May of the captures occurred with support from biometric data that the US Cetral Commad (USCEnTCOM) requested from the BIMA — mostly figerprit files ad facial ad iris scas from the prisoers’ earlier erollmets MODERN ARCHITECTURE I March 2011, the BIMA achieved a major milestoe: Army approval of the 2010 As-Is Biometrics Eterprise Architecture (BioEA) This is the DoD biometric commuity’s first delivered referece architecture The As-Is BioEA establishes the strategic framework for deliverig

edurig biometrics capabilities to the DoD ad its missio parters I December 2010, the BIMA had achieved a earlier milestoe with the delivery of the 2015 To-Be BioEA The As-Is BioEA provides a baselie for movig from the 2010 eviromet to the 2015 To-Be eviromet, which will be a et-cet et-cetric, ric, service-orieted target state i which iformatio ad capabilities are securely available services o the etwork

The BioEA has already had a impact providig isight ito iteroperability issues across programs, eablig developmetal efforts like the Departmet of the navy’s Idetity Domiace System to efficietly pla, desig ad develop iteractios with the Biometrics Eterprise’s authoritative database database What this meas to the warfighter is that DoD persoel ca use authoritatively matched biometrics data cofidetly, regardless of system solutio Collaboratig across the COCOMs, Services ad agecies, the BioEA has helped to esure that biometrics are itegrated ito the plaig ad executio of missios ad tasks across the full rage of military operatios ad the DoD’s busiess processes Throughout FY11, i accordace with DoD Directive 832002, ad followig DoD Guidace 832002-G,, the BIMA cotiued to sposor a 832002-G Biometrics Data Sharig Commuity of Iterest (BDS COI) o et-cetric et-cetric data sharig The BDS COI icludes parters from the DoD, other US govermet agecies, idustry ad academia who meet several times a year to refie ad verify the Biometrics Eterprise data architecture products: the Core Logical Data Model, the Itegrated Data Dictioary, the Biometrics Glossary ad the Biometrics Otology WATCHING FOR BAD GUYS Throughout FY11, the BIMA supported data stadardizatio of the DoD Biometrically Eabled Watchlist (BEWL) (BEWL) This allows for a stadardized method to produce missio-tailored watchlists that accout for actios permitted uder rules of egagemet, status of forces agreemets ad


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ANNUAL REPORT


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HIGHER STANDARDS

We don’t build the system or the data collection device. We build the vision.

GIOVAnnI DEMOnTE, BIMA Chief, Architecture ad Stadards Braches Arligto, Va

DeMonte, a former U.S. Air Force Communication/Navigation secialist with a background in telecommunications, was running one branch, Architecture, whe a staff reshufflig this year added the Stadards brach to his plate Wearig his Architecture hat, DeMote thiks big picture, mappig out systems ad processes from a eagle-eye view across the Biometrics Eterprise Eterprise “We do’t build the system or the data collectio collectio device We build the visio,” he says “We’ve idetified what’s already there there i the As-Is Architecture, ad look for ways to tie it all together more efficietly at the Eterprise level i the To-Be Architecture” Architecture” Wearig his Stadards hat, he esures that the various collectio devices ad data formats are sychroized across the DoD for iteroperability iteroperability His work i both braches iforms his ogoig solutio to a persistet questio: “What additioal services ca we provide to the Eterprise with existig resources?” Similar to how smartphoes keep offerig ew ad diverse services without addig hardware, DeMote sees a evolvig target state for DoD Biometrics: “Oe system, may services”

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the laws of armed coflict that vary by coutry ad missio I FY11, the BIMA also developed developed a ew versio of the DoD Electroic Biometric Trasmissio Specificatio (EBTS v30), which allows for additioal capabilities to help idetify persos of iterest The DoD ad Itelligece Commuity Biometrics Focus Group cotiues to build cosesus ad geerate chage requests three times per year for the adoptio of all biometrics-relate biometrics-related d stadards used a cross the Eterprise ito the authoritative stadards repositories The BIMA is a key participat i atioal ad iteratioal stadards bodies o biometrics ad security techiques: techiques: Iteratioal Committee for Iformatio Techology Stadards (InCITS) M1 (Biometrics 1) ad InCITS CS1 (Cyber Security 1), JTC 1 (Joit Techical Committee 1)/SC37 (Subcommittee (Subcommittee 37) ad JTC 1/SC27 The team served as a editor ad primary cotributor for the developmet of Iteratioal Orgaizatio for Stadardizatio/ Iteratioal Electrotechical Commissio (ISO/ IEC) 19794-1, Amedmet 2, o Coformace Testig Tes tig Methodology for Biometric Data Iterchage Formats Formats This stadard allows testig orgaizatios to validate coformace of biometric data records to the applicable data format stadards, ad helps esure iteroperability of biometric data iterchages CONFORMITY To esure cosistet adoptio, developmet ad implemetatio of biometric stadards ad methodologies, the BIMA actively led ad participated i atioal ad iteratioal Stadards Developmet Developmet Orgaizatios BIMA persoel worked closely with the natioal

Istitute of Stadards ad Techology (nIST), which chairs the natioal Sciece ad Techology Coucil (nSTC) Subcommittee o Biometrics ad Idetity Maagemet, Stadards ad Coformity Assessmet Workig Group (SCA WG) The BIMA actively participated participated i the SCA WG to esure DoD coordiatio ad aligmet with federal parters o the developmet of policy for the adoptio ad implemetatio of biometric stadards ad stadardized testig methodologies The BIMA provided iput to the followig documets developed ad maitaied by this group: Reg istry of USG Recommeded Biometric Stadard; nSTC Policy for Eablig the Developmet, Adoptio ad Use of Biometric Stadards; Catalog of Active Biometric Test ad Certificatio Certificatio  Programs; ad Biometric Iteragecy Test Evaluatio Schema Techical Report The BIMA developed ehaced figerprit ad face biometric sample quality measuremet algorithms ad tools based o atioal ad iteratioal biometric data format ad quality stadards The BIMA is curretly developig developig iris quality measuremet algorithms ad tools to icrease the matchig performace for iris images The quality scores ca be used to gai a level of cofidece that high-quality images are submitted to recogitio systems, ad will ultimately icrease iteroperability The BIMA chaired the DoD Biometrics Stadards Workig Group (BSWG) to provide a forum for cosesus buildig ad techical cosideratios related to biometric biometric stadardizatio O behalf of the Defese Iformatio Systems Agecy (DISA) ad uder the directio of the EM for


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ANNUAL REPORT


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THE ONE-TWO pUNCH DoD Biometrics, the BIMA chaired the DoD ad Itelligece Commuity Biometrics Focus Group This group develops cosesus across the Biometrics Eterprise acquisitio stakeholder commuity,, ad biometric subject matter commuity experts, to research ad provide biometric ad biometrically eabled itelligece stadards recommedatios to the Joit Eterprise Stadards Committee (JESC) (JESC) These stadards ca be adopted ito the DoD Iformatio Techology Tec hology Stadards Registry (DISR) ad Itelligece Commuity Stadards Registry (ICSR) authoritative databases databases Fially, the BIMA participated i DoD/nATO stadards collaboratio, workig o the developmet of the first ever nATO Biometrics Stadardizatio Agreemet (STAnAG) (STAnAG) BIOMETRICS AND FORENSICS: A DOUBLE THREAT I additio to servig as EA for DoD Biometrics, the Secretary of the Army is ow al so EA for DoD Foresics FY11 saw icreased collaboratio collaboratio betwee the BIMA ad the Army’s Office of the Provost Marshal Geeral (OPMG), the Resposible Official (RO) for DoD DoD Foresics The BIMA also cotiued collaborative efforts with the Armed Forces DnA Idetificatio Laboratory

(AFDIL) to explore ways to better correlate biometric idetities submitted to the DoD ABIS or AFDIL’s Laboratory Iformatio Systems Applicatios (LISA) database While DnA is well-suited for foresics, the DoD recogizes that there are cosiderable policy ad techical challeges i applyig DnA as a biometric tool Ulike other modalities, modalities, DnA does

14


ot have a template ad requires two samples to compare for matchig Also, DnA matchig is ot as automated as the matchig of other modalities such as figerprit, iris sca, palm prit ad facial recogitio recogitio The BIMA is keepig abreast of improvemets i matchig efficiecy ad reductio of sample size, particularly advaces i rapid DnA ad touch DnA

“Without collaboration among artners such as DoD, the Deartment of Homeland Security ad the iteratioal

Aother successful successful tred i the BIMA’s foresics work ivolved expasio outside the DoD to state ad federal agecies as well as the private sector I FY11, the BIMA developed a relatioship with the Iteratioal Associatio for Idetificatio, the world’s oldest ad largest professioal foresics foresics orgaizatio The BIMA preseted a exhibit at the America Academy of Foresics Sciece Coferece, ad supported the developmet ad completio of the ROTC Foresic ad Biometric Iter Program held at the natioal Foresic Sciece Techical Ceter

EnABLE THE MISSIOn O lad or at sea, o base or far outside the wire, DoD Biometrics powered by the BIMA take idetity ad put it to work for iformed decisio makig For the Soldier hutig terrorists terrorists i Kadahar Provice, the border official o the US-Mexico border, border, the navy SEAL boardig a ufamiliar vessel or a Marie providig disaster relief i stricke coutries, biometrics help brig trasparecy to a opaque situatio SUPPORTING THE WARFIGHTER Supportig the warfighter remais a cetral part of the BIMA’s missio I FY11, the

VOn GRETCHEn BEARD-MITCHELL, BIMA Physical Scietist (Future Modalities) Arligto, Va

foresics commuity, biometrics caot produce their fullest beefits,” says Beard-Mitchell, a former US Army officer ad the agecy’s residet expert o foresics foresics “Biometrics,” she says, “offer a verificatio applicatio such as physical ad logical access cotrol, whereas foresics are most ofte associated with gatherig ad aalyzig physical evidece from crime scees to idetify crimials ad their victims Biometrics ad foresics ca operate together to aalyze huma traits at a crime scee or durig surveillace to gather a positive idetificatio,” she adds adds “My biggest cocer is how the biometrics commuity may ot uderstad just how much biometrics ad foresics overlap ad support each other other not oly does the safety of my husbad, who’s curretly deployed i Afghaista, keep me up at ight, but so does kowig that Soldiers ad leaders lack the kowledge of how the foresics ad biometrics fields would aid i the safety ad missio of the officers, as well as the me ad wome servig uder them”

Biometrics and forensics can oerate together to analyze human traits at a crime scene or during surveillance to gather a ositive identification.


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BIMA participated i the completio of the Commander’s Guide to Biometrics in Afghanistan, published by the Ceter for Army Lessos Leared, a effort that ivolved cross-agecy cross-agecy coordiatio at multiple levels of commad commad This hadbook serves as the most advaced ad detailed biometrics guide for battlefield doctrie, eablig curret commaders to operatioalize biometrics The first prit ru produced 6,000 copies, which were distributed with the US Army Traiig ad Doctrie Commad (TRADOC) Capability Maager’s video graphic o biometrics ad the Military Decisio Makig Process I FY11, the BIMA bega a update of the DoD Capstone Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for Employing Biometrics in Full-Spectru Full-Spectrum m Military Operations, which is ogoig The BIMA also supported OSD i startig the review ad revisio of the DoD Directive for Biometrics 852101E, solicitig iput from iteral ad exteral stakeholders i preparatio for formal staffig expected by the ed of the year The BIMA eabled a quick-traiig capability for Army uits as a result of the the updated series of of existig Hadheld Iteragecy Idetity Detectio Equipmet (HIIDE) Graphic Traiig Aids, which forms the groudwork for leveragig the system to promulgate biometric capabilities at the tactical level The BIMA also assisted i draftig a Operatioal needs Statemet (OnS) as the baselie requiremet for biometric equipmet to be used i home statio traiig by the US Army Forces Commad (FORSCOM) ad First Army T he OnS

The birthdays and the names are rarely the same, but the biometrics never lie. Do Walker DoD ABIS Watch Desk Maager Clarksburg, WV WVa a

has bee validated, ad as a result PM DoD Biometrics is ow providig equipmet to fulfill these requiremets requiremets The equipmet will eable Army uits to carry out their their missio with more flexibility by providig ehaced biometrics home statio traiig to Soldiers rather tha depedig o Mobile Traiig Team Teams s or Combat Traiig Ceters The BIMA made its traiig webpage more accessible to a wider variety of US persoel by allowig Service members to access biometrics traiig material o both the Joit Kowledge Iformatio Fusio Exchage (JKIFE) ad the Defese Kowledge Olie (DKO) portals Fially, the BIMA assisted USCEnTCOM ad FORSCOM i updatig biometrics predeploymet predeploymet traiig requiremets with the latest Techiques, Tactics ad Procedures derived from lessos leared i Iraq ad Afghaista

A US Soldier with Alpha Compay, 1st Battalio, Battalio, 17th Ifatry Regimet collects biometric data durig Operatio Moshtarak i Badula Qulp, Helmad provice, Afghaista, Feb 21, 2010 (US Air Force photo by TSgt Efre Lopez/Released) 16



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ANNUAL REPORT


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IDENTITY DOMINATORS QUICK HITS O nov 16, 2010, USSOCOM Forces detaied ad biometrically erolled two suspects durig a raid o a objective i Afghaista A moth later, later, o Dec 25, USSOCOM agai detaied ad erolled the me for suspected terrorist activities durig a raid o a differet objective i the regio Their erollmets were submitted to the DoD ABIS ad resulted i a hit to to their november erollmets The status of the two suspects suspects was Tier 4 (Do not Hire; Dey Base Access;

INTEROPERABILITY The BIMA shares DoD biometric data with parters icludig operatioal military forces, the itelligece commuity, the persoel security commuity ad iteragecy parters such as the FBI, DHS ad the Departmet of State (DOS) Iteroperability also exteds to iteratioal parters; Memoradums of Cooperatio (MOCs) were siged with Afghaista i Jauary 2011 ad Germay i July 2011, settig the coditios for the sharig of biometric data with the DoD ABIS The iformatio provided by the BIMA

Disqualify for Police or Army Traiig)

eables ad supports security missios such as the targetig of high-value idividuals, maritime iterdictio operatios, physical ad logical access cotrol, disaster relief, humaitaria assistace, security operatios, i-theater iteragecy operatios, access to services for o-US persos, border protectio ad more

TECHNOLOGY: LEANING FORWARD The BIMA’s techology focus i FY11 trasitioed away from curret cocepts ad techologies that could be leveraged i support of today’s warfighter requiremets Istead, the BIMA is focusig o loger-term capability gaps ad the developmet of strategies to meet tomorrow’s challeges challeges Several key iitiatives demostrated by the BIMA at Marie Corps Base Quatico, i Virgiia, i the prior fiscal year became i-theater pilots i FY11 FY11 Examples iclude a Web services watchlist template server,, figer quality graphig tool ad case server maagemet Web services services The BIMA hosted

experimetatio evets ad participated i work i Arizoa at Fort Huachuca ad Yuma Provig Groud That work has culmiated i fial preparatios for i-theater i-theater pilots The BIMA cotiued to collaborate with the US Army Sciece Board ad its work o o-cooperative biometrics, as well as the Service labs, academia ad, idirectly, with idustry

18


Knowledge may be ower. ower. But for the U.S. military, military, it’s also a weaon system.

THE BIOMETRICS TRIAD

Biometrics offer critical applicatios from the battlefield to the borders of the homelad Therefore, the BIMA has a special data-sharig relatioship with two key parters: parters: DOJ — particularly the FBI Crimial Justice Iformatio Services (CJIS) Divisio—ad Divisio—ad DHS The DoD ABIS already coducts fully automated data sharig with the FBI’s Itegrated Automated Figerprit Idetificatio System (IAFIS) database Throughout FY11, the BIMA made strog advaces toward the same level of iteroperability with DHS’ automated biometric idetificatio system (IDEnT) database Iteroperability betwee the DoD ABIS ad IDEnT represets the last remaiig portio of

COL nATALIE JACARUSO, US ARMY, BIMA Military Deputy Arligto, Va

COL DOUGLAS FLOHR, US ARMY, BIMA Deputy Director, Operatios Clarksburg, WVa

O today’s asymmetric battlefields, America Soldiers ad Maries routiely use biometrics to kow with certitude whom they’re up agaist That kowledge allows our forces to better maage chaotic battlespaces, ad make critical decisios with more assurace ad cofidece It’s bee a evolvig process “Sometime betwee ’06 ad ’07 i Iraq, that’s whe biometrics became a game chager,” says Jacaruso, a Iraq vetera who had a key role i establishig biometrics withi Operatio Iraqi Freedom “Biometrics wet from a buch of devices ad this space-age techology to a operatioal weapo system, which chaged the way we fight I t allowed us to develop idetity domiace” That cocept refers to a commader’s ability to fully domiate his or her area of resposibility by kowig the true idetities of those withi it “The importace of biometrics is the ability to idetify fried from foe at the tip of the spear,” otes Flohr, also a Iraq vetera “A lot of our eemies are ot wearig uiforms aymore You Yo u have to be able to idetify them them Biomet Biometrics rics give you the tools to do that Biometrics are facts You ca attempt to hide o the battlefield You Yo u ca attempt attempt to lie to a America America Soldier Soldier Biometrics wo’t let you do that”

The imortance of biometrics is the ability to identify friend from foe at the ti of the sear.


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ANNUAL REPORT


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the Biometrics Triad, per Homelad Security Presidetial Directive (HSPD) 24’s madate for iteragecy biometric biometric data sharig The DoD ABIS already shares high-priority high-priority biometric datasets with key customers at DHS, such as Immigratio ad Customs Eforcemet (ICE), Customs ad Border Protectio (CBP) ad the US Coast Guard (USCG) (USCG) These orgaizatios utilize the DoD architecture to submit directly to the DoD ABIS, which facilitates the automated passage of the data to DOJ ad the to DHS The path to full ad automated iteroperability ivolves solvig ot just techical challeges but policy issues The BIMA cotributed to the resolutio of both challeges this year by supportig a OSD-led effort that resulted i the sigig of a Memoradum of Agreemet

(MOA) betwee the DoD ad DHS o March 23, 2011 The MOA govers iteroperability ad leads to automated processes for sharig data Through its lead role o the Itegrated Itegrated Project Team (IPT), co-chaired by DoD ad DHS officials, the BIMA validated DoD stakeholder requiremets for iteroperability through a Joit Fuctioal Requiremets Requiremets Documet The BIMA cotiues to aalyze ad implemet iterim solutios to iteroperability through the use of the FBI’s IAFIS Iteroperability betwee betwee the DoD ABIS ad IDEnT will better eable DoD ABIS customers customers to idetify adversaries ad protect persoel ad ifrastructure overseas ad at home The sigig of the MOA i March March provides the policy foudatio for the IPT to move forward to full iteroperability betwee the DoD ad DHS, projected to occur i fall 2012

LOOKING SOUTH I February 2010, itelligece aalysts with the US Special Operatios Commad South (USSOCSOUTH) deployed to the US Embassy i Quito, Ecuador, to support the ICE Attaché Office durig ivestigatios of Ecuador-based Ecuador-base d Middle Easter ad Africa etworks egagig i illicit traffickig of humas, weapos, cash ad arcotics Durig a two-week deploymet, 19 idividuals were biometrically erolled at Quito’s Mariscal Sucre Iteratioal Airport Airport The followig

Jue, whe two idividuals were detaied by CBP officers i the desert ear Tucso, Ariz, both were figerprited Oe provided a hit to oe of the February Quito erollmets, despite the fact that he had traveled through Ecuador uder a differet ame ad with

differet travel documets tha whe he was detaied i Arizoa His travel compaio claimed loose ties to Harkat ul-Jihad al-Islami Bagladesh, a terrorist orgaizatio, ad both were deied asylum to the US As a result, ICE icreased its ivestmet i biometrics throughout the US Souther Commad (USSOUTHCOM) Area of Resposibility (AOR) Additioally, Ecuador’s govermet govermet implemeted visa requiremets for citizes of ie Middle Easter ad Africa coutries COCOM ENGAGEMENT Biometrics powered by the BIMA have facilitated the buildig ad stregtheig of key relatioships with our iteragecy parters ad foreig govermets to cofrot challeges such as iteratioal drug traffickig, special

THE BIOMETRICS TRIAD A atioal security payoff

CURREnT STATE

20


EnD STATE


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ANNUAL REPORT


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THE STRENGTH IN SHARING iterest alies ad other potetial adversaries For example, biometrics have served as a dooropeer for USSOCSOUTH ad USSOUTHCOM to work more closely with ICE, the Drug Eforcemet Admiistratio (DEA), the FBI ad foreig govermets Begiig i fall 2010, the BIMA’s operatioal activities supported the US Africa Commad’s (USAFRICOM’s) (USAFRICOM ’s) nocombatat Evacuatio Operatios (nEO) to itegrate biometrics ito the nEO Trackig System, missio aalysis ad Hor of Africa AOR for maritime ad border security The BIMA remais egaged with security USAFRICOM o curret iitiatives such as fusig biometrics, foresics, ad exploitatio of media ad documets; tryig to get mapower ad equipmet to the Service compoets through USAFRICOM resources; istallig base-access systems; establishig a USAFRICOM portal for biometrics submissios; coductig security vettig o parter atios ivolved i traiig ad exercises; ad providig equipmet to those atios for maritime ad border security The BIMA fuded Idetity Operatios Maagers (IOMs) i the COCOMs i FY11 with a implied missio to establish edurig biometrics capabilities i support of the DoD Biometrics Eterprise IOMs coordiate with the BIMA for the sychroizatio ad itegratio of idetity maagemet capabilities, ad support the developmet of the appropriate COCOMs’ Biometrics COnOPS for their missio sets The BIMA coducts quarterly program maagemet reviews o the use of IOM resources ad cotributios

22


SECURING THE BORDER O May 27, 2011, the BIMA received a submissio for a idividual who applied for US immigratio beefits through the Departmet of Homelad Security’s Refugee Affairs Divisio This resulted i a hit The idividual had bee erolled i October 2004, most likely by a Soldier usig the Biometrics Automated Toolset (BAT) (BAT) for stealig evidece from a ivestigatio ivestigatio The idividual had bee issued a Itermet Serial number from the natioal Detaiee Reportig Ceter Ceter

The field of biometrics creates careers.

His status was Tier 4 (Do not Hire; Dey Base Access; Disqualify for Police or Army Traiig) The hit was a sigificat success success for the iteroperability of the DoD with DHS BITMAP The Biometric Idetificatio Trasatioal Migratio Alert Program (BITMAP), begu i fall 2010, moved worldwide ad marked a solid achievemet for the BIMA i FY11 The program, ru joitly by ICE ad the DoD, eables the two orgaizatios to submit data cooperatively to the DoD ABIS, with throughput to the FBI’s IAFIS ad DHS’ IDEnT, resultig i efficiet resposes to ICE agets, Soldiers, Sailors ad Maries o the groud These agets saw matches o idividuals

erolled previously i the USCEnTCOM AOR The program has also eabled the collectio of hudreds of thousads of “hard cards” from the crimial files of various foreig coutries, complete with figerprit data, which will be migrated to the DoD ABIS oce throughput challeges of such a large dataset are hadled The payoff to the BIMA’s customers is uderstadig what resources are available to trasfer biometrics

STEPHAnIE DEMARCO, DEPARTMEnT DEPARTME nT OF HOMELAnD SECURITY, US-VISIT Project Maager, DHS/DoD Iteroperability Project Arligto, Va

Whe DeMarco etered college more tha a decade ago ad bega earig her degree i maagemet iformatio systems, DHS ad the BIMA did’t exist Today, with a master’s degree i project maagemet, she spet most of FY11 as the DHS poit perso at US Visitor ad Immigrat Status Idicator Techology (US-VISIT), (US-VISI T), collaboratig with the BIMA to brig DoD’s ABIS ad DHS’ IDEnT databases to full iteroperability, projected for late 2012 Iteroperability betwee federal agecies is crucial “It’s a very complex iitiative,” iitiative,” she says “I the begiig, I had to lear BIMA’s BIMA’s orgaizatioal structure now, I ca look look back ad say that it’s bee a pleasure workig with everyoe ad watchig the r elatioship betwee agecies grow” Most of all, DeMarco says she’s pleased to cotribute to our atioal security by implemetig the teprit biometric capture devices at DHS ports of etry that have allowed for icreased data-sharig betwee agecies “DoD shares importat data to assist assist DHS i immigratio eforcemet ad providig immigratio beefits Shari g this data with the Departmet of State also eables DHS to keep out those idividuals who should ot be i the US Iteroperability betwee betwee agecies has stregtheed the security of our atio”

Interoerability between agencies has strengthened the security of our nation.


23

ANNUAL REPORT


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THE SUPER HIT

You can’t change biometrics. You They are yours. There is no forging it, no faking it. CAPT James Fossa, US navy Director of Biometrics i Iraq — Army Times, Aug 29, 2011

iformatio, ad receivig operatioal help from BIMA staff who ca idetify the curret capabilities of the systems ad help customers develop requiremets for idetity solutios REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT

Throughout FY11, the BIMA dealt o a daily basis with the J-8, the Army G-38 ad G-3/5/7, ad primarily the Departmet of the Army Military Operatios – Capability Itegratio Divisio (DAMO-CI) (DAMO-CI) A BIMA liaiso officer to the J-8 ehaced the agecy’s relatioship with the J-8 throughout the year year This gave the BIMA better visibility across the Eterprise, ad helped the BIMA better coordiate processes ad capabilities withi the Eterprise Eterprise The BIMA completed populatig its requiremets maagemet repository ito the Dyamic Object-Orieted Object-Oriet ed Requiremets System (DOORS) This tool facilitates requiremets traceability across the Eterprise Eterprise The uploadig of source documets such as the Capabilities Developmet Documet, Capabilities Product Documet, System Requiremets Specificatios

24


ad Architectural Views provide the required details for determiig operatioal, system ad techical eeds toward the delivery of biometrics capabilities Examples of these documets iclude the Biometrics Eablig Capability (BEC), the next-Geerat next-Geeratio io DoD ABIS (nGA) ad evetually evetually will iclude additioal Joit Capabilities Itegratio ad Developmet System (JCIDS) documets ad system specificatios specificatios BIMA staff also provided Eterprise-level perspective perspective o the Joit Urget Operatioal needs Statemet (JUOnS) for Data Sychroizatio ad Improved Tactical Hadheld The BIMA hosted ad completed completed the BEWL Tiger Team as directed by the Joit Biometrics Operatioal Coordiatio Board (JBOCB), providig iformatio to support desig resolutio for the navy’s Iformatio Domiace System System The BIMA provided sigificat iput, oversight ad support i FY11 to the developmet of these Capabilities Developmet Documets, Documets, which esures that the DoD will be able to establish two programs of record for biometrics: biometrics: The BEC ad the Joit Persoel Idetificatio Idetificatio (versio 2) The approval ad validatio by the DoD of the documets allows the acquisitio commuity to further develop ew authoritative repository ad joit collectio/capture collectio/capture devices for biometrics biometrics THE SUPER HIT O July 21, 2011, at 6:45 pm, while may Americas o the East Coast might have bee gathered aroud the dier table, BIMA staffers i Clarksburg, WVa, were hard at work moitorig their computer displays Suddely, a erollmet arrived from the US

• 120IEDRelatedLatents • 34DistinctIEDCases IEDCasesLinks Links • Two(2)DoDEnrollments DoDEnrollments • Two(2)InteragencyEnrollments InteragencyEnrollments • One(1)DoDDetaineeEnrollmen One(1)DoDDetaineeEnrollmentt

21 July 2011 – SOCOM Enrollment Name: XXX DOB: XXX HT: 5’ 06” WT: 133 Eyes: BROWN Hair: BLACK

Background

March 2011: IED related evidece was received ad processed by multiple agecies betwee May 2010 ad July 2011 The latet prits were submitted with o sigificat idetificatios ad added to the DoD ABIS Usolved Latet File Unsolved Latent Files DoD Enrollment

IED Related Latent 21 July 2011: The subject was ecoutered ad erolled by DoD elemets due to suspicio of terrorist activities resultig i multiple usolved latet matches cofirmed by BIMA’s Biometric Examiatio Services Team

Latent Case: ###### Priority Code: Green

Latent Case Print

Watch Desk staffers ad Figerprit Examiers from the BIMA’s Clarksburg facility pose with prits from their biggest catch of FY11


25

ANNUAL REPORT


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MYSTERY SOLVERS

All the comuters bee. We know a high riority is waiting, and it’s a matter of who grabs it first.

ALLISOn MILLER, BIMA Biometric Examiatio Services Te Team am Clarksburg, WVa

She knows fingerrints like the back of her hand. Miller, a Certified Latet Prit Examier (CLPE), will compare hudreds of figerprits most days — ad thousads thousads other days “They’re uique, ad they’re permaet,” she says The frictio ridges o huma figers, toes, palms ad feet begi to form i the 10th week of gestatio, gestatio, ad are fully formed by the 17th week “Sixty-five percet of huma figerprits are loops; 30 percet are whorls; ad 5 percet are arches,” she says “That frequecy has remaied over may, may, may years It’s a mystery” Miller deals i solvable mysteries for the DoD, such as helpig to determie who’s makig ad detoatig Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) (IEDs) i Iraq ad Afghaista She compares prits of detaiees to latet, or ukow, prits that have bee searched by Biometric Examiatio Services (BES) team members i the DoD Automated Biometric Idetificatio System (DoD ABIS), may of them take from the fragmets of IED evets evets Whe a ew, high-priority erollmet comes i ad there is a potetial latet match, the quiet room she shares with other examiers, packed with high-resolutio flat screes, gets busier “A “Allll the computers beep,” she says “We kow a high priority is waitig, ad it’s a matter of who grabs it first”

26


Special Operatios Commad (USSOCOM) I miutes, latet prit examiers determied that the figerprits of the ew idividual matched latet prits already collected from multiple Improvised Explosive Device (IED) evets — the evetual cout reached 34 evets with 120 latet prits — stored i the DoD ABIS’ Usolved Latet Latet File Betwee May 2010 ad July 2011, the DoD ABIS had received multiple cases cotaiig the latet prits of oe idividual whose ridge flow displayed a distictive whorl whorl “We kew of some of the likages because at the time we were doig l atet-to-late atet-to-latet t comparisos,” says Certified Latet Prit Examier Lidsay McAvoy “However, whe those prits were submitted, ABIS did ot cotai a teprit record of the idividual i questio” It was’t util July 21, 2011, that the first teprit record of him was submitted ito the DoD ABIS “The examiers workig the usolved latet match recogized his prits i mmediately mmediately,” ,” she says The Biometric Examiatio Examiatio Services team respoded promptly to USSOCOM Forces, who detaied detaied the idividual This Super Hit, which marks a record umber of IED evets traced to oe idividual, demostrates the BIMA’s cotiuig ability to coect the dots i pursuit of the most elusive ad dagerous adversaries adversaries “It’s ice to have a job where you work diligetly ad see the rewards,” says the BIMA’s Eterprise Operatios Divisio Chief Cheley Gabriel “Our people are proud of what they do o a daily basis Everyoe i my divisio uderstads that they are part of a team”

COLLABORATION WITH ACADEMIA BIMA research ad developmet fudig moves through approved military chaels such as the US Army Armamet Research, Developmet ad Egieerig Ceter (ARDEC) i Picatiy, nJ, ad arrives at private istitutios of higher learig icludig West Virgiia Uiversity Uiversity,, Clarkso Uiversity ad Caregie Mello Uiversity Researchers at Caregie Mello’s Uiversity CyLab are developig algorithms for robust face ad iris biometrics ad patter recogitio, log-rage iris acquisitio ad idetificatio, ad

the geeratio of 3D face models from sigle 2D images The BIMA keeps abreast of cuttigedge research at these istitutios through Biometrics Techology Demostratios (BTDs) that may oe day become operatioal applicatios to supplemet the agecy’s curret portfolio of modalities The BIMA is also a member of the Ceter for Idetificatio Techology Research (CITeR), a natioal Sciece Foudatio Idustry/Uiversity Cooperative Research Ceter comprised of govermet agecies such as the FBI ad DHS, labs such as nIST ad major defese cotractors CIT CITeR eR advaces the performace of biometric ad huma credibility assessmet systems through the cross-disciplie research of eablig techologies, iterdiscipliary traiig of scietists ad egieers, ad facilitatio of ew techology trasfers to the private ad govermet sectors sectors The BIMA holds two memberships with CITeR to more fully advace its research eeds ad better reap the beefits of academic expertise


27



F Y 1 1

PROTECT InFORMATIOn, IDEnTITIES, PEOPLE To idetify ad eable leads to the ultimate payoff of biometrics: protectio This is reiterated i the BIMA’s visio statemet: “Protect the atio through the employmet of biometrics capabilities” capabilities” From a practical stadpoit, it’s about protectig people, istallatios ad classified iformatio at home ad abroad Coceptually Coceptually,, it’s about protectig the advatage, the missio ad the shared ideals of freedom ad democracy democracy Protectio is the true measure of the success or failure of the Biometrics Eterprise MEASURING SUCCESS The BIMA performed 62 separate evets for stadards coformace, iteroperability ad supportability testig of biometrics-eabled programs ad systems i FY11 Tes Testt egieers plaed, executed, aalyzed ad reported o 13 separate evaluatios i support of USSOCOM, USCEnTCOM, USSOUTHCOM, Army G-2 ad other DoD DoD ad US govermet govermet sposors The agecy maitais ad updates updates its Coformace Products List (CPL), which provides leaders ad decisio makers across

the Biometrics Eterprise with a listig of biometrics-eabled biometrics-eable d techologies ad vedors who have bee assessed ad meet CPL criteria Additios, deletios ad modificatios to the CPL, which curretly has 51 products, occur cotiually Furthermore, the BIMA completed duties ad resposibilities as the Participatig Testt Uit Coordiator (PTUC) for the Biometrics Tes Commuity of Iterest i accordace with

Chairma of the Joit Chiefs of Staff Istructio (CJCSI) 621201E 621201E These resposibilities provide the customer or stakeholder with guidig priciples, test procedures, stadards coformace, fuctioality ad DoD ABIS itegratio test data for the best deploymet decisios Laboratory ad operatioally realistic realistic eviromet tests icluded the Multiligual Automated Respose Respose System (MARS), (MARS), which uses the Secure Electroic Erollmet Kit (SEEK) I ad II hardware, the HIIDE, the Missio Orieted Biometric Software (MOBS) ad the Coget Fusio Multimodal Biometric Hadheld Device The BIMA coordiated ad iitiated a HSPD 12 pilot with the US Army Accessios Commad (USAAC) to perform backgroud ivestigatios o potetial Army recruits recruits I early FY11, the BIMA achieved accreditatio to the natioal Volutary Laboratory Accreditatio Program (nVLAP) from nIST for services listed o the Scope of Accreditatio nVLAP Lab Code 200933-0, for Biometrics Testig The BIMA was the first biometrics testig laboratory to receive this, which demostrates techical competece for a defied scope ad operatio of laboratory quality ad maagemet systems It also provides credibility to the quality ad maagemet processes BIMA test egieers use to coduct test evets, experimets ad iteral ad exteral audits; ad collect, track, aalyze ad report operatioal performace metrics for the biometrics commuity commuity PRIVACY

I FY11, the BIMA iitiated a thorough review of its privacy program to validate ad stregthe

US Army CPL Rya Brooks, with 8th Squadro, Bear Troop, 1st Cavalry Regimet, scas a Afgha ma’s figerprit with a Hadheld Iteragecy Idetity Detectio Equipmet (HIIDE) biometrics device i Spi Boldak, Afghaista, Ja 12, 2010 (US Air Force photo by TSgt Fracisco V Govea II/Released) 28



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ANNUAL REPORT


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The warfighter believes in the ower of biometrics exloitation and identity oerations. Units like SOCOM search the DoD Biometric Authoritative Database, even even on Christmas Day. This caability is relied uon by our command 24/7/365. Craig J Archer, Idetity Superiority Maager, USSOCOM

policies ad processes for protectig iformatio throughout the biometrics life cycle, from collectio ad storage to use ad dispositio This proactive approach will sustai privacy as a top priority, while allowig DoD Biometrics users to exploit iformatio i support of DoD military operatios ad busiess busiess fuctios Utilizig techological advacemets ad best practices i iformatio security, the BIMA addresses potetial pitfalls ad guaratees the secure use of biometrics for missio success DOD IDENTITY ASSURANCE

Sice April 2010, the Idetity ad Privilege Maagemet Workig Group has bee charged by the Idetity Protectio ad Maagemet Seior Coordiatig Group (IPMSCG) to lead DoD efforts o creatig a roadmap ad implemetatio guidace for the DoD’s Idetity Maagemet Strategic Strategic Pla The BIMA has actively participated i the group, eve providig a embedded actio officer to the Office of the DoD Chief Iformatio Officer, Officer, who is leadig the effort Durig FY11, the group ad the products evolved to emphasize a ew overarchig term: Idetity Assurace (IdA)

30


IdA is a comprehesive DoD framework to mitigate the rapidly icreasig atioal security risk of adversaries utilizig fraudulet idetities ad credetials to achieve uauthorized access to US property, property, etworks ad iformatio IdA balaces protectig privacy with maximizig the ability to dey aoymity to trasatioal threats It does this by sharig idetity iformatio with domestic ad iteratioal parters to support ear-real time, global idetity autheticatio Effective DoD-wide goverace is required to uify policies, processes, stadards ad eterprise capabilities that bid the physical ad digital represetatios of etities — ad eable the itegrity, privacy, autheticity ad availability of idetity iformatio across all DoD missio eviromets Accomplishig the followig strategic goals will establish a IdA capability/ framework for the departmet: •Unityofpurposeforeffectivegovernance •Unityofpurposeforeffectivegove rnance ad employmet: Uified goverace esures that a focused strategy is employed to mitigate risk, limit redudacy, bridge stovepipes, ad eable secure iformatiosharig ad coordiatio with domestic ad iteratioal missio parters

•InstitutionalizeanIdAcultureacrossthe departmet: This provides a commo uderstadig of idetity issues across all missio eviromets through the developmet of a COnOPS, policies, processes, stadards ad terms of referece •Supporttransparentidentitydata-sharing

activities betwee iteragecy, iteratioal ad commercial missio missio parters: This effortless capability allows missio owers to share idetity iformatio across all military, govermetal ad commercial etworks that will eable effective trasactios i the global cyberspace •Enablethedevelopment,deployment, operatio ad maiteace of a reliable, iteroperable ad secure departmetwide capability: Aligmet of strategic, strategic, operatioal ad techical materiel ivestmets across all missio eviromets esures idetity ad iformatio assurace i support of access maagemet The evets leadig up to 9/11 illustrate the importace of sharig idetity iformatio with domestic ad iteratioal missio parters, i order to establish global situatioal awareess of the true idetities of persos ad other etities of iterest This is a required capability for deyig uauthorized access to US property, etworks ad iformatio The IdA Workig Group is developig a COnOPS ad departmet-wide Implemetatio Guidace & Roadmap that positios the departmet to mitigate the risk of asymmetric ad cyber threats These threats use fraudulet idetities ad credetials to exploit the itrisic vulerabilities i ope societies

that value civil liberties ad persoal privacy Biometrics play a key role i IdA, which eables high cofidece that a idividual is who he or she claims to be Furthermore, biometrics ca eable persoel suitability screeig by providig a additioal meas to check agaist authoritative ad/or derogatory databases beyod traditioal ame-based methods THE TURBAN BOMBER O Sept 20, 2011, former Afgha Presidet Burhauddi Rabbai was holdig peace

talks i his Kabul home whe a suicide bomber cocealig a explosive i his turba etered the home usearched ad detoated the device, killig Rabbai ad four of his bodyguards A teprit file o the bomber was submitted to the FBI’s Itegrated Automated Figerprit Idetificatio Idetificatio System (IAFIS), ad was automatically searched agaist the DoD Automated Biometric Idetificatio System (DoD ABIS) with o matches BIMA persoel i Clarksburg, WVa, were suspicious of the failed match ad obtaied the file from the DoD ABIS Watch Desk for further aalysis by the Biometric Examiatio Services (BES) team team Certified prit examiers o the team oticed that the prits appeared to be out of sequece ad corrected the errors After resubmittig the file, the prits resulted i a hit to a perso twice erolled ito the DoD ABIS i late 2009 — the turba bomber Oe of the two files matched had bee provided by a Coalitio parter, uderscorig the crucial role of iteratioal data sharig


31



F Y 1 1

WAY AHEAD The BIMA will cotiue to lead DoD activities i the comig moths to program, itegrate ad sychroize biometrics techologies ad capabilities The methodologies ad applicatios for biometrics will oly expad with the eeds ad creativity of those who cotribute data i-theater ad those who receive ad maage the data i the US US Biometrics, as a eablig tool to the warfighter, to busiess fuctios ad to atioal security, have already become a irreplaceable atioal asset

are a icreasigly vital key to security efforts i the fight agaist terrorism ad to atioal security The ability to establish a idividual’s security idetity with certitude ad lik the idividual to past aliases or activities gives our military persoel a decisive edge, ad aids other US govermet orgaizatios i their atioal security missios

THE DOD ABIS As the ceter ceter of gravity for the may idetity idetity fuctios withi the Biometrics Eterprise, the DoD ABIS will cotiue to grow i importace The operatio, maiteace ad ehacemet of the system are paramout to esurig that the atio ca idetify threats ad adversaries goig forward The DoD ABIS will cotiue cotiue to grow to hadle the iteragecy ad iteratioal datasharig demads of our parters ad allies

collaboratio with a variety of parters to dey aoymity to the eemies of the US ad its allies Iteroperability of the DoD ABIS with operatioal military forces, the itelligece commuity, itergovermetal agecies ad foreig parters cotiues to icrease Right ow, the BIMA is puttig the fial techology ad policy pieces i place to achieve iteroperability with DHS i late 2012, streamliig ad automatig the sharig of biometric, biographic ad cotextual iformatio This will complete the Biometrics Triad of DoD, DOJ ad DHS Iteroperabili ty eriches the biometrics database used by border maagemet ad itelligece agecies, as well as federal, state ad local law eforcemet agecies, ad icreases the probability of idetifyig persos of iterest across the US govermet’s may laes of vigilace

EA AND EM By facilitatig log-term ivestmet ad cosistetly ehacig biometrics fuctioality, the Secretary of the Army will cotiue to fulfill the role as the EA for DoD Biometrics

to istitutioalize the capability as a core competecy of the departmet The Director, BIMA, as the EM for DoD Biometrics, will cotiue to lead DoD activities to program ad sychroize biometrics capabilities; the Director will also cotiue to oversee the operatio of the DoD authoritative biometrics biometrics database This is importat to the etire departmet ad to the protectio of the homelad, because biometrics

INTEROPERABILITY Recogizig the critical ature of iformatio sharig, the BIMA will cotiue to foster

FORWARD-LOOKING ARCHITECTURE The BIMA maitais a steady dialogue with COCOM, Service ad Coalitio parters as the orgaizatio moves from the As-Is Architecture, approved i March 2011, toward the To-Be Architecture of 2015 2015 The To-Be To-Be BioEA will

US Marie Corps LCpl Maxx A Juusola, with Charlie Compay, 1st Battalio, 3rd Marie Regimet, cleas the figer of a Afgha ma before usig a Biometric Automated Toolset (BAT) device device to record iformatio about him i Marjah, Afghaista, Feb 22, 2010 Maries use the BAT to create a record of people livig i a area (US Marie Corps photo by Cpl Albert F Hut/Released) 32



33

ANNUAL REPORT


F Y 1 1

HIGH SEAS SUCCESS With two-thirds of the world covered by water, there’s a good chance targets will try and go somewhere by boat.

eable maagemet of a portfolio of services spaig busiess processes, eterprise support ad ifrastructure, ad utilizig techiques like gap-fit aalysis to reduce duplicatio, all of which will cotribute to the blueprit for future iteroperability Additioally, the To-Be iteroperability To-Be BioEA will icorporate existig architectures ad referece models such as the DoD Service Referece Model ad the net-Cetric Eterprise Services program i order to leverage available Joit ad federal capabilities to satisfy missio eeds to avoid duplicatig capabilities PRIVACY: A HIGH PRIORITY

LCDR KEn WASSOn, US nAVY Maritime Security/Mie Warfare Officer naval Statio norfolk, Va

“The Navy has taken an interest in biometrics for the same reasons it’s imortant to everybody else,” says Wasso, who trais ad evaluates the navy’s elite Visit, Board, Search ad Seizure (VBSS) teams based o the East Coast to carry out maritime iterceptio ad couter-piracy operatios operatios “There are persos of iterest out there tryig to go differet places With two-thirds of the world covered by water, there’s a good chace targets will try ad go somewhere by boat” Biometrics, he says, empower empower VBSS operatios “because we’re boardig these vessels for a reaso We have itelligece that they’re smugglig smugglig somethig, or that they’re carryig somebody of iterest” iterest” He’s grateful for the quick turaroud o idetificatios “If we had just that collectio capability oly, oly, ad we fid out three days later that we had somebody, somebody, the ship could already be i port The we’d have to track it dow, ad three days gives somebody a big head start But if we ca get it set off to the BIMA ad get back a positive idetificatio while we still have those people i our possessio, while we’re still o board the ship, the we ca do somethig about it”

34


The core capabilities of biometrics are uiquely ad iextricably liked to idividual privacy As the agecy resposible resposible for the DoD’s DoD’s authoritative biometrics repository, the BIMA complies with federal laws ad regulatios to prevet uwarrated ivasios of privacy privacy By cotiually assessig its privacy posture, the BIMA will work diligetly i FY12 to gai the public’s trust ad cofidece The BIMA strives for trasparecy, allowig the public to kow up frot how their biometrics will be used To further comply with privacy madates ad fair iformatio practices, the BIMA has iitiated a agecy-wide review of the practical ad desired uses of biometrics This will eable DoD users to reiforce trasparecy ad stay ahead of evolvig missio requiremets


35

ANNUAL REPORT


F Y 1 1

COnCLUSIOn

ACROnYMS

ENDURING CAPABILITY AND PROGRAM OF RECORD

ABIS

The demad curve ad operatioal appetite for biometrics will icrease eve with the drawdows i Iraq ad Afghaista It is essetial that biometrics capabilities edure, ad support curret ad future eeds Both the Army ad the DoD recogize the value of biometrics — to the warfighter i the field, ad to support atioal security ad homelad defese As a result, the DoD will eed to retai, sustai ad expad its biometrics capabilities, maitaiig a global presece through activities such as direct actio, traiig of parter forces, humaitaria missios ad improvig busiess fuctios Over the last decade, DoD Biometrics has udergoe a steady trasformatio from what was oce a quick-reactio program to oe ow maturig ito a edurig capability ad program of record Biometrics are here to stay

36


Automated Biometric Idetificatio System

CPL

Coformace Products List

DAMO-CI

Departmet of the Army Military Operatios – Capability Itegratio Divisio

AFDIL

Armed Forces DnA Idetificatio Laboratory

AOR

Area of Resposibility

DEA

Drug Eforcemet Admiistratio

ARDEC

US Army Armamet Research, Developmet ad Egieerig Ceter

DHS

Departmet of Homelad Security

DISA

Defese Iformatio Systems Agecy

ASA(ALT)

Assistat Secretary of the Army for Acquisitio, Logistics ad Techology Techology

DISR

DoD Iformatio Techology Stadards Registry

ASD(R&E)

Assistat Secretary of Defese for Research ad Egieerig

DKO

Defese Kowledge Olie

BAT

Biometric Automated Toolset

BDS COI

Biometric Data Sharig Commuity of Iterest

BE

Biometric Examier

BEC

Biometrics Eablig Capability

BES

Biometric Examiatio Services

BESP

Biometrics Eterprise Strategic Pla

BEWL

Biometrically Eabled Watchlist

BIMA

Biometrics Idetity Maagemet Agecy

BioEA

Biometrics Eterprise Architecture

BITMAP

Biometric Idetificatio Trasatioal Migratio Alert Program

DnA

Deoxyriboucleic Acid

DoD

Departmet of Defese

DOJ

Departmet of Justice

DOORS

Dyamic Object-Orieted Requiremets System

DOS

Departmet of State

EA

Executive Aget

EBTS

Electroic Biometric Trasmissio Specificatio

EM

Executive Maager

FBI

Federal Bureau of Ivestigatio

FORSCOM

US Army Forces Commad

FY

Fiscal Year

HIIDE

Hadheld Iteragecy Idetity Detectio Equipmet

HSPD

Homelad Security Presidetial Directive

BSWG

Biometrics Stadards Workig Group

BTD

Biometrics Techology Demostratio

CBP

Customs ad Border Protectio

CITeR

Ceter for Idetificatio Techology Research

IAFIS

Itegrated Automated Figerprit Idetificatio System

CJCSI

Chairma of the Joit Chiefs of Staff Istructio

ICE

Immigratio ad Customs Eforcemet

CJIS

Crimial Justice Iformatio Services Divisio (FBI)

ICSR

Itelligece Commuity Stadards Registry

CLPE

Certified Latet Prit Examier

IdA

Idetity Assurace

COCOM

Combatat Commad

IDEnT

COnOPS

Cocept of Operatios

Abbreviatio for the DHS, US-VISIT Program’s automated biometric idetificatio system


37

wwwbiometricsdodmil

ANNUAL REPORT

f y 1 1

IEC

Iteratioal Electrotechical Commissio

nVLAP

IED

Improvised Explosive Device

OnS

Operatioal needs Statemet

InCITS

Iteratioal Committee for Iformatio Techology Stadards

OPMG

Office of the Provost Marshal Geeral

ORI

Origiatig Agecy Idetifier

IOM

Idetity Operatios Maager

OSD

Office of the Secretary of Defese

IPMSCG

Idetity Protectio ad Maagemet Seior Coordiatig Group

PEO EIS

Program Executive Office Eterprise Iformatio Systems

IPT

Itegrated Project Team

PM

Project Maager

ISO

Iteratioal Orgaizatio for Stadardizatio

PSA

Pricipal Staff Assistat

PTUC

Participatig Test Uit Coordiator

RO

Resposible Official (for DoD Foresics)

SCA WG

Stadards ad Coformity Assessmet Workig Group

IT

Iformatio Techology

JBOCB

Joit Biometrics Operatioal Coordiatio Board

JCIDS

Joit Capabilities Itegratio ad Developmet System

JESC

Joit Eterprise Stadards Committee

JKIFE

Joit Kowledge Iformatio Fusio Exchage

natioal Volutary Laboratory Accreditatio Program

SEEK

Secure Electroic Erollmet Kit

STAnAG

Stadardizatio Agreemet

TRADOC

US Army Traiig ad Doctrie Commad

JTC

Joit Techical Committee

USAAC

US Army Accessios Commad

JUOnS

Joit Urget Operatioal needs Statemet

USAFRICOM

US Africa Commad

LISA

Laboratory Iformatio Systems Applicatios

USCEnTCOM

US Cetral Commad

USCG

US Coast Guard

MARS

Multiligual Automated Respose System

USF-I

US Forces – Iraq

USFOR-A

US Forces – Afghaista US Special Operatios Commad

MOA

Memoradum of Agreemet

USSOCOM

MOBS

Missio Orieted Biometric Software

MOC

Memoradum of Cooperatio

USSOCSOUTH US Special Operatios Commad South

nEO

nocombatat Evacuatio Operatios

nGA

next-Geeratio DoD ABIS

nIST

natioal Istitute of Stadards ad Techology

nSTC

natioal Sciece ad Techology Coucil

USSOUTHCOM US Souther Commad US-VISIT

US Visitor ad Immigrat Status Idicator Techology Program

VBSS

Visit, Board, Search ad Seizure

BIMA FY11 ANNUAL REPORT Produced by the Commuicatios ad Outreach Brach Editor             Chris Lawso Portrait Photographers: Maagig Editor      Mike Klesius Jeff Wright Desiger           neil Fessler McArthur newell Cotributors         Steve Taylor Jo Girard, US-VISIT Elizabeth Weaver Mass Comms SPC3 Scott Pittma, USn

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Biometrics Identity Management Agency Biometrics Report, FY11

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