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CSEC BIOLOGY SHORT ANSWER AND ESSAY QUESTIONS
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. 1. Students Students of an ecology ecology class class conduct conduct a eld eld study in an area area located located on the boundary between a savannah and the forest. In addition to using various sapling ethods to estiate species abundance! they observe the feeding patterns of the "rganiss. #a$ #i$ %escribe %escribe &W" sapli sapling ng ethods ethods which the students students could could use to estiate the abundance of plant species in the area. #' ks$ #ii$ %escribe "() ethod they could use to collect data on obile animals which Inhibit the area. #* ks$ #b$ &he students record their their data in a table siilar siilar to table 1.
TABLE 1: DATA DATA ON ORGANISMS ORGA NISMS IN THE FIELD STUDY STUDY
+se the data fro table 1 to construct constru ct )A,- of the following #i$ #ii$ #ii$
A food web #' ks$ A pyra yraid id of nub ubers ers to show show the the feed feedin ing g relat elatio ions nshi hips ps aon aong g the organiss living living in the the area. #* ks$ #c$ &he students students also also colle collecte cted d sapl saples es of topsoi topsoill fro fro an area area under under soe trees. #i$ #i$ %esc %escri ribe be an e/pe e/peri rie ent nt that that the the stud studen ents ts can can use to inves investi tiga gate te the water0holding water0holding capacity of the soil. # ks$ #ii$ #ii$ Stat State e 2"+3 2"+3 way ways s in whi which ch soi soill is ip ipor orta tant nt to to livi living ng org organ anis iss s.. #' ks$
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#d$ 2igure igure 1 shows the apparatus apparatus that the students students used to e/tract e/tract sall anials #invertebrates$ living in the soil.
"utline how )A,- of the following functions in the apparatus 0 Light bulb #* ks$ 0 Alcohol #1 k$ #e$ 2ungi and bacteria are are found in forest forest soils. )/plain )/plain the role of these organiss in the cycling of nutrients in the forest. # ks$ *. #a$ #a$ &he &he foll follow owin ing g che cheic ical al equati equation on for phot photos osyn ynth thes esis is repres represen ents ts the reactants used and the products fored. 4,"* 5 4-*6 ,4-1*64 5 46* #glucose$ #i$ #i$ #ii$ #ii$
(ae (ae &W &W" " con condi diti tion ons! s! whic which h are are not not sho shown wn the equa equati tion on ! tha thatt are essential for this process. #* ks$ (ae (ae the the gas gas giv given en o7 o7 in the the pro proce cess ss and and sta state te whi which ch of the the reactants produced this gas. 8as 999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999 3eactant 3eactant 999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999 #* ks$
#iii$ #iii$
)/plai )/plain n &W" &W" ways ways in in which which plants plants utili: utili:e e the the gluco glucose se pro produc duced ed during this process. #' ks$
#iv$ #iv$
State State &-3)) &-3)) envir environ onent ental al fact factors ors which which a7ec a7ectt photo photosynt synthesi hesis. s. # ks$
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and the en:yes involved in this process.
#' ks$
. 2igure igure two is a diagra diagra of the feale feale reproduct reproductive ive syste. syste.
#a$ Label the organs in 2igure 2igure * to show where #i$
&he feale ga gaetes #o #ova$ va$ ar are a ade #1 k$
#ii$ ii$
2erti ertilli:at i:atio ion n would uld occur ccur #1 k$
#iii$ #iii$
Iplan Iplantat tation ion of a fertil fertili: i:ed ed gaet gaete e would would noral norally ly occur occur
#1 k$
#b$ "utline the echanis by which ale ale and feale gaetes coe together in the huan reproductive syste to for a :ygote. # ks$ #c$ #i$(ae the type of cell cell division by which which feale gaetes are are ade. #1 k$ #ii $ %escribe &W" ways in which the type of cell division naed in #c$ #i$ di7ers fro that by which the ebryo grows and develops after fertili:ation of an ovu. #' ks$
#d$ )bryonic ste cells are undi7erentiated undi7erentiated cells fored as the ebryo
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#ii$ #ii$
)/pl )/plai ain n why why ebr ebryo yonic nic ste ste cel cells ls can can be be used used in in the the trea treat tent ent of physiological diseases. #* ks$
SECTION B Ans+e" ALL ,!esti%ns in t'is secti%n$
'. Albini Albinis s is seen seen in person persons s who are hoo:ygo hoo:ygous us for recessi recessive ve allele allele of a certa certain in gene. gene. &his &his gene gene code codes s for for the the prod produc ucti tion on of the the skin skin pig pigen ent! t! elanin. ;ersons who inherit the doinant allele of this gene produce noral aount of elanin for their race. #a$ %istinguish between between the following paired ters ters 0 Allele < 8ene 0 %oinant < 3e 3ecessive 0 -oo -oo:y :ygo gous us < -ete -eterro:yg o:ygou ous s #4 ks$ #b$ #i$ +se a genetic diagra to show how a couple with noral noral pigentation ay produce an albino albino child. +se the following following sybol to represent represent the alleles A0 (oral (oral = a0 a0 albi albino no.. #> ks$ #ii$ Suggest &W" precautions that albino persons living in the ,aribbean should take When going outdoors. #*ks$ #c$ "bservation of the ebers of a population shows that there there is variation in skin colour. colour. Suggest &-3)) ways by which this type of variation could occur. >. &he ,entral ,entral (ervous (ervous Syste Syste coordinat coordinates es the link betwee between n stiuli stiuli and responses. #a$ ?ake a labelled labelled diagra of of a hori:ontal section through through the huan eye and describe how the eye enables us to see. #4 ks$ #b$ %iscuss the e7ects of alcohol alcohol abuse on the huan body@s ability ability to
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#b$ &he distribution of variant fors of the peppered oth! Biston betularia! changed between ;re0industrial and post0industrial Britain. Account the increase in nu!bers of the dark for in the post0industrial era. # ks$ #c$ +se the theory of natural selection to e/plain antibiotic resistance. #4 ks$