BIG 2012 All

BOUT THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY - Edition 4.1, February 2012 The purpose of this bibliography is to facilitate access to the vast heritage of geological studies in Indonesia and surrounding SE Asia. Many workers in the region are unaware of how extensive the amount of published data for the region is. Even this listing of over 1250 pages with over 13,000 titles is not complete. This is a ‘traditional’ bibliography, with papers listed alphabetically by region or by subject. It aims to be a complete listing of published papers on regional geology, tectonics, structure, stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, paleontology, paleobiogeography, sedimentology, petrography and hydrocarbon occurrences, regardless of date of publication or language. Also included are selected papers from specialized fields like coal and mineral occurrences and mining, modern volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis, Quaternary geology, prehistory and hominid evolution, geothermal, groundwater, petroleum production and engineering, geological modeling and economic analyses, but are not complete listings. Conference abstracts and 'student literature reviews' are generally not included, unless they contain information or ideas not published elsewhere. Papers describing tools and methods or papers in which localities are disguised beyond recognition are also generally not included. Only very few papers were deemed to be outdated or redundant and were deliberately omitted. The first edition asEa 700-page Bof IBthis LIbibliography OGRAPwas HYpublished OF TH GEOLpdf OGaddendum Y OF Ito:NJ.T. DOvan NEGorsel SIA(2009)- A bibliography and brief history of Indonesia geology literature. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petroleum D SUR OUNDedition). ING A E ASedition was printed in limited Association, Jakarta 2009, vol.1,Ap.N429-460 (onRCD-ROM AR second edition by ExxonMobil Indonesia in 2010. TheV3rd ersedition ion 4.1(1099 – Julyp.) 20first 12 went online in May 2011; the 4th edition (1254 p.) in November 2011. Organization

J.T. VAN GORSEL

Titles are sorted primarily by area. For instance, a paper entitled ‘Coal from SW Java’ will be under ‘Java’, not under ‘Coal, Petroleum Source Rocks’. Papers on a specific theme, covering multiple areas, like hydrocarbon occurrences, volcanism, source rocks, etc., will be under that topic. General papers and regional tectonics syntheses will be under ‘Regional’. Annotation Many papers are annotated with a summary of key points, but this has not yet been completed for all papers. Absence of annotation does not mean that these papers are less important. Searching This is not a data base, attributed with keywords and can therefore not be searched by topic. In the digital version the Edit/Search function in PDF Reader can help find authors or words in titles. Geographic Names Many of the geographic names used in this listing are names used at the time of publication or are names of popular usage or convenience, and may not be the politically correct or preferred names. Updates It is our intention to continue to update this bibliography. Users noticing missing titles are requested to bring this to my attention at e-mail: [email protected]. Copyright Ownership rights of this bibliography remain with the author. Downloads from www.vangorselslist.com are free, but are intended for personal use only, and should not be distributed for commercial purposes. J.T. (Han) van Gorsel Houston, Tx 77007

Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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ABOUT THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY - Edition 4.1, July 2012 The purpose of this bibliography is to facilitate access to the vast heritage of geological studies in Indonesia and the surrounding SE Asia- Pacific regions. Many workers in the region are unaware of how extensive the amount of published data for the region is. Even this listing of over 1380 pages with over 14,250 titles is not complete. This is a ‘traditional’ bibliography, with papers listed alphabetically by region or by subject. It aims to be a complete listing of published papers on regional geology, tectonics, structure, stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, paleontology, paleobiogeography, sedimentology, petrography and hydrocarbon occurrences, regardless of date of publication or language. Also included are selected papers from specialized fields like coal and mineral occurrences and mining, modern volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis, Quaternary geology, prehistory and hominid evolution, geothermal, groundwater, petroleum production and engineering, geological modeling and economic analyses, but are not complete listings. Conference abstracts and 'student literature reviews' are generally not included, unless they contain information or ideas not published elsewhere. Papers describing tools and methods or papers in which localities were disguised beyond recognition are also generally not included. Only very few papers were deemed to be outdated or redundant and were deliberately omitted. The first edition of this bibliography was published as a 700-page pdf addendum to: J.T. van Gorsel (2009)- A bibliography and brief history of Indonesia geology literature. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petroleum Association, Jakarta 2009, vol.1, p. 429-460 (on CD-ROM edition). A second edition was printed in limited edition by ExxonMobil Indonesia in 2010. The 3rd edition (1099 p.) first went online in May 2011; the 4th edition (1253 p.) in November 2011, version 4.1 (1381 p.) in July 2012. Organization Titles are sorted primarily by area. For instance, a paper entitled ‘Coal from SW Java’ will be under ‘Java’, not under ‘Coal, Petroleum Source Rocks’. Papers on a specific theme, covering multiple areas, like hydrocarbon occurrences, volcanism, source rocks, etc., will be under that topic. General papers and regional tectonics syntheses will be under ‘Regional’. Annotation Many papers are annotated with a summary of key points, but this has not yet been completed for all papers. Absence of annotation does not mean that these papers are less important. Searching This is not a data base, attributed with keywords and can therefore not be searched by topic. In the digital version the Edit/Search function in PDF Reader can help find authors or words in titles or annotation. Geographic Names Many of the geographic names used in this listing are names used at the time of publication or are names of popular usage or convenience, and may not be the politically correct or preferred names. Updates It is our intention to continue to update this bibliography. Users noticing missing titles are requested to bring this to my attention at e-mail: [email protected]. Copyright Ownership rights of this bibliography remain with the author. Downloads from www.vangorselslist.com are free, but are intended for personal use only, and should not be distributed for commercial purposes. J.T. (Han) van Gorsel Houston, July 2012


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LIST OF CONTENTS

Page

I. REGIONAL GEOLOGY................................................................................................................................................ 7 I.1. Indonesia Regional Geology.................................................................................................................................. 7 I.2. SE Asia General, Tectonics, Paleobiogeography...................................................................................................76 I.3. Volcanism, Volcanic rocks geochemistry............................................................................................................. 129 I.4. Modern environments, Oceanography ................................................................................................................ 150 I.5. Carbonates, Coral Reefs .................................................................................................................................... 168 II. SUNDALAND .......................................................................................................................................................... 183 II.1. Sumatra............................................................................................................................................................ 183 II.2. Sunda Shelf (incl. 'Tin islands', Singkep, Karimata) ............................................................................................ 304 II.3. Natuna, Anambas ............................................................................................................................................. 321 III. JAVA, MADURA, JAVA SEA ................................................................................................................................... 331 IV. BORNEO ............................................................................................................................................................... 477 IV.1. Borneo General, Kalimantan, Mahakam Delta .................................................................................................. 477 IV.2. North Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei) ........................................................................................................... 573 IV.3. Makassar Straits .............................................................................................................................................. 629 V. SULAWESI ............................................................................................................................................................. 639 V.1. Sulawesi........................................................................................................................................................... 639 V.2. Buton, Tukang Besi .......................................................................................................................................... 705 VI. NORTH MOLUCCAS.............................................................................................................................................. 712 VI.1. Halmahera, Bacan, Waigeo, Molucca Sea ........................................................................................................ 712 VI.2. Banggai, Sula, Taliabu, Obi .............................................................................................................................. 726 VI.3. Seram, Buru, Ambon ....................................................................................................................................... 733 VII. BANDA SEA, LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS.............................................................................................................. 749 VII.1. Banda Sea, East Banda Arc (incl. Tanimbar, Kai, Aru) ..................................................................................... 749 VII.2. Lesser Sunda- W Banda Volcanic Arc ( Lombok- Flores- Wetar) ...................................................................... 764 VII.3. Sumba, Savu, Savu Sea ................................................................................................................................. 780 VII.4. Timor, Roti, Leti, Kisar (incl. Timor Leste) ....................................................................................................... 790 VII.5. Timor Sea, Indonesian Sahul Platform ............................................................................................................. 849 VIII. NEW GUINEA ...................................................................................................................................................... 853 VIII.1. New Guinea General and W Papua (Irian Jaya) .............................................................................................. 853 VIII.2. Papua New Guinea ........................................................................................................................................ 912 VIII.3. Misool ........................................................................................................................................................... 975 VIII.4. Arafura Shelf ................................................................................................................................................. 981 IX. CIRCUM-INDONESIA ............................................................................................................................................ 985 IX.1. Andaman Sea Region ...................................................................................................................................... 985 IX.2. Malay Peninsula, Malay Basin, Gulf of Thailand ................................................................................................ 994 IX.3. SE Asia mainland (Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, SW China) .......................................................................... 1022 IX.4. South China Sea ........................................................................................................................................... 1060 IX.5. Philippines (General, Palawan, Luzon) ........................................................................................................... 1075 IX.6. South Philippines (Celebes Sea, Sulu Sea, Sandakan) ................................................................................... 1103 IX.7. Australia NW Shelf......................................................................................................................................... 1112 IX.8. Australia NE margin ('Tasmanides') ................................................................................................................ 1149 IX.9. SW Pacific..................................................................................................................................................... 1175 X. PALEONTOLOGY, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY............................................................................................................... 1197 X.1. Quaternary, General ....................................................................................................................................... 1197 X.2. Tertiary........................................................................................................................................................... 1218 X.3. Jurassic- Cretaceous ...................................................................................................................................... 1273 X.4. Triassic .......................................................................................................................................................... 1283 X.5. Paleozoic ....................................................................................................................................................... 1288 X.6. Hominids, Quaternary Mammals ..................................................................................................................... 1298 XI. HYDROCARBONS, COAL.................................................................................................................................... 1329 XI.1. Hydrocarbon Occurrences/ Assessment ......................................................................................................... 1329 XI.2. Hydrocarbon Source Rocks, Oils and Gases .................................................................................................. 1336 XI.3. Coal .............................................................................................................................................................. 1349 XII. HISTORIC INTEREST, LINKS ............................................................................................................................. 1360 XII.1. Historic Interest, Biographies......................................................................................................................... 1360 XII.2. Bibliographies, Serials................................................................................................................................... 1372 XII.3. Links ............................................................................................................................................................ 1378


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ANDAMAN SEA

SUMATRA

KALIMANTAN

NW BORNEO

SOUTH CHINA SEA

JAVA

JAVA SEA,

NATUNA

MALAY BASIN

SUMBA

TIMOR

BANDA

SERAM--BURU SERAM

MISOOL

N MOLUCCAS

SULA

BUTON

SULAWESI

CELEBES SEA

(S PHILIPPINES)

SULU SEA

ARAFURA SEA

NEW GUINEA (PAPUA, IRIAN) PAPUA NEW GUINEA

“The first place to start in the hunt for oil is the library" (A.I. Levorsen, 1946) SUMMARY OF PUBLICATION TRENDS THROUGH TIME As illustrated by Figures 1, 2 and 3 the numbers of publications, languages, focus areas and research topics changed dramatically trough time, reflecting changes in political situations, economic drivers and scientific developments over the last 150+ years: (1) 1850-1905: Geoscience publications from this era are mainly summaries of mineral, coal and oil exploration work or initial reconnaissance surveys. They are generally short, poorly illustrated papers in Dutch and in German, and mainly on western Indonesia. Exceptions to this rule were the impressive first regional descriptions and maps by Verbeek on Sumatra, SE Kalimantan and Java-Madura. (2) 1905-1940: This was a period of significant expansion of mapping and other geological studies, with many new hydrocarbon and metals discoveries. A systematic mapping program of Sumatra and Java was started by the government geological survey. There was an increase in industry, government and academic reconnaissance surveys into Eastern Indonesia and New Guinea. Many large volumes on surface geology, paleontology, petrography, etc., were published of all parts of Indonesia. Principal languages were still Dutch and German, but English became increasingly common in the 1930's. Due to its detail and quality of documentation, much of the descriptive data from this era is still valuable today. (3) 1940-1970: Survey and publishing activity had already started to slow down during the Great Depression of the 1930's, but came to almost complete standstill between1940-1950 (World War II, Revolutionary years), followed by very low levels of research and publishing until the late 1960's. The oldest geology paper in the bibliography in Indonesian language is from 1962. (4) 1970-2011: With the change to the 'New Order' came an expansion of investment, exploration and research, with spectacular growth in resource-related and academic publishing after 1975. This bibliography suggests the total number of geoscience publications on Indonesia peaked in the mid-1990's. Languages of publications are now primarily English, followed by Indonesian.

Fig. 1- Number of publications on the geology of Indonesia through time, by areas (April, 2011; needs update). This graph is of a subset of 6,360 out of 11,300 titles that deal specifically with locations in Indonesia. The sharp dip on the right is an artifact of the shorter reporting period (2010-early 2011 instead of full five years).


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Fig. 2- Number of Indonesia geology publications through time, by language (April 2011; needs to updated). Prior to 1940 the dominant languages of publication were Dutch and German, while English has been dominant after 1945. Indonesian has been the second most common language of publication since the 1970's. (N.B: papers published in Indonesia are probably underrepresented here due to limited availability)

Fig. 3- Number of Indonesia geology publications through time, by nationality of author (April 2011). Graph shows gradual increase in publications with Indonesian nationals as first author between about 19601990, after which the ratio Indonesian: foreign nationals is about 50:50. (N.B: papers published in Indonesia are underrepresented in this graph due to generally limited distribution)


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I. REGIONAL GEOLOGY I.1. Indonesia Regional Geology Aadland, A.J. & R.S.K. Phoa (eds.) (1981)- Geothermal gradient map of Indonesia, 2nd ed.. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Spec. Publ., p. 1-43 + 2 map sheets 1: 2,500,000. (Compilation of temperature data from petroleum wells in Indonesia. See also updated version by Thamrin & Mey, 1987) Abendanon, E.C. (1914)- Geologische schetskaart van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, 1:2,500,000. Koninkl. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Genootschap, Smulders, The Hague, 6 sheets. (‘Geological overview map of the Netherlands East Indies’. First geological overview map of Indonesia, commissioned by the Netherlands Royal Geographical Society, The Hague) Abendanon, E.C. (1919)- Aequinoctia, an old Palaeozoic continent. J. Geol. 27, 7, p. 562-578. (Early tectonic interpretation of Indonesia. Presence of crystalline schists across E Indonesia suggests area from Borneo to New Guinea may all be parts of one ancient continent, stretching from Sulawesi to Tasmania, here named Aequinoctia) Adinegoro, A.R. Udin (1973)- Stratigraphic studies by the Indonesian Petroleum Institute (LEMIGAS). United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 7, p. 55-74. (Review of Cenozoic stratigraphic successions in NE Java, Jambi-Sumatra, NE Sumatra and E Kalimantan. One of first attempts to tie these local stratigraphies to global low latitude planktonic foram zonations) Ali, J.R. & R. Hall (1995)- Evolution of the boundary between the Philippine Sea plate and Australia: paleomagnetic evidence from eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 251, p. 251-275. (New paleomag from Sorong Fault Zone, Obi and Taliabu. Sula Platform Coniacian-Santonian paleolatitude at 19°+/- 6°, similar to Misool, suggesting Sula/Taliabu and Misool part of single microcontinent, >10° farther N than expected if attached to Australia, implying region separated from Australia before Late Cretaceous. Obi contains rocks of Philippine Sea and Australian origin. Volcanic arc at S edge Philippine Sea Plate collided with New Guinea at ~25 Ma, changing Philippine Sea-Australian plate boundary from subduction to strike-slip) Ali, J.R., S. Roberts & R. Hall (1995)- The closure of the Indo-Pacific ocean gateway: new plate tectonic perspective. In: F. Hehuwat et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Workshop Neogene evolution of Pacific Ocean gateways, Bandar Lampung 1993, p. 10-20. Alzwar, M. (1986)- Geothermal energy potential related to active volcanism in Indonesia. Geothermics 15, p. 601-607. (90 geothermal areas identified in Indonesia, most located in active volcanic belts) Amiruddin (2009)- A review on Permian to Triassic active or convergent margin in Southeasternmost Gondwanaland: possibility of exploration target for tin and hydrocarbon deposits in the Eastern Indonesia. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 4, 1, p. 31-41. (online at: www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20090104.pdf) (Permian-Triassic magmatic-volcanic belts signify active Paleo-Pacific margin along New Guinea- E Australia part of SE Gondwanaland. Granitic plutons of S- type and may be tin-bearing. Back-arc basins of S Papua and Galille-Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney basins filled by fluvial, fluvio-deltaic to marine Permian-Triassic sediments, locally with coal, unconformably overlain by marine Jurassic-Cretaceous) Anderson, R.N. (1980)- Update of heat flow in the East and Southeast Asian seas. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands, 1, Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. Ser. 23, p. 319-326. Angelich, M.T., R.L. Brovey, M.E. Ruder & C.C. Wielchowsky (1986)- Use of Seasat-derived free-air gravity to interpret the structure of Southeast Asia. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-18.


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(In areas of low sea-bottom relief SEASAT-derived gravity data can be treated qualitatively as low-pass-filtered Bouguer gravity field. Examples from SE Asia) Astjario, P. (1995)- A study of the uplifted coral reef terraces in the eastern part of Indonesia. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 116-121. Audley-Charles, M.G. (1965)- Permian palaeogeography of the northern Australia-Timor region. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 1, p. 297-305. (Autochthonous Permian rocks of Timor were derived as detritus from Kimberley region of N Australia. This conflicts with suggestions of large crustal dislocations immediately N of Australia recently advocated on basis of regional palaeomagnetic studies) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1966)- Mesozoic palaeogeography of Australasia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 2, p. 1-25. Audley-Charles, M.G. (1976)- Mesozoic evolution of the margins of Tethys in Indonesia and The Philippines. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 25-52. Audley-Charles, M.G. (1978)- The Indonesian and Philippine archipelagoes. In: M. Moullade & A.E.M. Nairn (eds.) The Phanerozoic geology of the world, II, The Mesozoic. Elsevier, p. 165-207. Audley-Charles, M.G. (1981)- Geological history of the region of Wallace’s Line. In: T.C. Whitmore (ed.) Wallace’s Line and plate tectonics. Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 5-25. Audley-Charles, M.G. & D.J. Carter (1974)- Petroleum prospects of the southern part of the Banda Arc, eastern Indonesia. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Techn. Bull. 8, p. 55-70. (Mainly an overview of the geology of Timor, with some comments on oil seeps and prospectivity of island) Audley-Charles, M.G., D.J. Carter & A.J. Barber (1974)- Stratigraphic basis for tectonic interpretations of the Outer Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 25-44. (Outer Banda Arc islands (Timor, Tanimbar, etc.) are imbricated N margin of Australian shelf and slope on which overthrust Asian elements and major olistostrome have been superimposed, all emplaced from N) Audley-Charles, M.G., D.J. Carter & J.S. Milsom (1972)- Tectonic development of Eastern Indonesia in relation to Gondwanaland dispersal. Nature Phys. Sci. 239, p. 35-39. Audley-Charles, M.G. & R. Harris (1990)- Allochtonous terranes of the Southwest Pacific and Indonesia. Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. London A331, p. 571-587. (Mainly on Timor. Deformed Australian margin, overridden by three allochtonous nappes) Audley-Charles, M.G. & D.A. Hooijer (1973)- Relation of Pleistocene migrations of pygmy stegodonts to island arc tectonics in eastern Indonesia. Nature 241, p. 197-198. (Pleistocene pygmy stegodonts in Sulawesi, Flores and Timor, areas now separated by deep seas. Dwarf Stegodon co-existed in Flores and Timor in Pleistocene. Flores now separated from Timor by 3,000 m deep Savu Sea, narrowest in Ombai Strait (30 km) between Alor and Timor. Because elephants (and presumably stegodonts) could not swim across Savu Sea- Ombai Strait, a Pleistocene land connection between Flores and Timor must be postulated (but elephantoids now believed to be rel. good swimmers; HvG) Badan Geologi (2009)- Sedimentary basins map of Indonesia based on gravity and geological data, 1:5000,000. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung. (online at: www.grdc.esdm.go.id) (Map of Indonesia sedimentary basins, color-coded by age and labeled by basin type)


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Badings, H.H. (1936)- Het Palaeogeen in den Indischen Archipel. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederland en Kol., Geol. Ser. 11, 3, p. 233-292. ('The Paleogene in the Indies Archipelago'. Overview of Paleogene sediments in Indonesia and Philippines. With outcrop distribution/ basic paleogeographic maps for Tertiary a, b, c and d (Eocene- Oligocene). Useful compilation, but severely criticized in series of papers by Van Bemmelen, Koolhoven, Ubaghs, etc. in 1936) Baker, S., R. Hall & E. Forde (1994)- Geology and jungle fieldwork in Eastern Indonesia. Geology Today 10, 1, p. 18-23. Barber, A.J. (1993)- Dispersion, subduction and collision in Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 23- . Barber, A.J. & M.J. Crow (2008)- The origin and emplacement of the West Burma-West Sumatra ribboncontinent. In: Proc Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok 2008, p. 18-21. (online at http://mail.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/English/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/001.pdf) (W Burma-W Sumatra ribbon-continent has Cathaysian E Permian fauna and flora, similar to S China and Vietnam. Separated in M-Late Permian from E margin of Cathaysia as thin continental sliver by formation of a backarc basin and by M Triassic had moved along transcurrent fault system around Indochina into present position W of Sibumasu. In Miocene two blocks separated by formation of Andaman Sea) Barber, A.J. & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) (1981)- The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia. Proc. CCOP-IOC Working Group Meeting, Bandung 1979, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Spec. Publ. 2, 415 p. (Conference volume with many benchmark papers on tectonics of Eastern Indonesia) Barley, M.E., P. Rak & D. Wyman (2002)- Tectonic controls on magmatic-hydrothermal gold mineralization in the magmatic arcs of SE Asia. In: D.J. Blundell, F. Neubauer & A. von Avadt (eds.) The timing and location of major ore deposits in an evolving orogen. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 204, p. 39-47. (Most gold deposits in SE Asian arcs formed during tectonic reorganization intervals rather than steady-state subduction: (1) 25 Ma collision of Australian craton with Philippine Sea plate arc; (2) M Miocene/ 17 Ma mineralization following maximum extrusion of Indochina and cessation S China Sea spreading; (3) majority and largest deposits formed since 5 Ma during plate reorganization with change in relative motion between Indian-Australian and Pacific plates between 5- 3.5 Ma following Philippine arc- Eurasia collision in Taiwan) Barr, S.M. & A.S. MacDonald (1981)- Geochemistry and geochronology of Late Cenozoic basalts of Southeast Asia: summary. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 92, 8, p. 508-512. Baumann, P. (1982)- Depositional cycles on magmatic and back arcs: an example from Western Indonesia. Revue Inst. Francais Petrole 37, 1, p. 3-17. (Five main depositional cycles in Eocene- Recent of Java, Sumatra: (1) M Eocene- E Oligocene (P11-P17), followed by uplift, block faulting, volcanism; (2) Latest Oligocene- E Miocene (P22/N3- N7?, ending with volcanism- uplift?; (3) late E Miocene- M Miocene (N8- N10-11; poorly known); (4) M- Late Miocene (N11/12N14/17), followed by uplift, faulting; (5) Pliocene-Recent, starting with major transgression at MiocenePliocene boundary, N18. Major Late Pliocene- Recent volcanic phase) Beck, R.H. & P. Lehner (1975)- Oceans, new frontiers in exploration. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 58, p. 376-395. (Old seismic profiles and interpretation NW Australia- Sunda Arc) Becker, M., E. Reinhart, S. Bin Nordin, D. Angermann, G. Michel & C. Reigber (2000)- Improving the velocity field in South and South-East Asia: the third round of GEODYSSEA. Earth Planets Space 52, p. 721-726. (online at: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/5210/52100721.pdf) (Review of GEODYnamics of S and SE Asia (GEODYSSEA) project, a network of 42 GPS stations across SE Asia, observed between 1994-1998)


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Beckley, L., L.A. Lawver & T.Y. Lee (1993)- Cenozoic basin formation in Southeast Asia. Univ. of Texas, Austin, PLATES Project, Progress Rept. 62, 16p. Beltz, E.W. (1944)- Principal sedimentary basins in the East Indies. AAPG Bull. 28, 10, p. 1440-1454. (Vintage Indonesian basins map and basin summaries by Stanvac (Standard Oil NJ) geologist) Ben-Avraham, Z. (1973)- Structural framework of the Sunda Shelf and vicinity. Ph.D. Thesis Massachusets Inst. Technology/ Woods Hole, 269p. Ben-Avraham, Z. (1978)- The evolution of marginal basins and adjacent shelves in east and Southeast Asia. Tectonophysics 45, p. 269-288. Benioff, H. (1954)- Orogenesis and deep crustal structure; additional evidence from seismology. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 65, p. 385-400. (Sunda arc example of dipping earthquake zones below volcanic arcs; now called ‘Benioff zone’) Benson, W.N. (1923)- Palaeozoic and Mesozoic seas in Australasia. Trans. Proc. Royal Soc. New Zealand 54, p. 1-62. (Old, but still interesting discussion of Australia- E Indonesia paleogeography) Benson, W.N. (1925)- The structural features of the margin of Australasia. Trans. Proc. Royal Soc. New Zealand 55, p. 99-137. (Old, but still interesting discussion of tectonics- structure of East Indonesia, NW Australia, etc.) Berlage, H.P. (1937)- A provisional catalogue of deep-focus earthquakes in the Netherlands East Indies, 19181936. Gerland Beitr. Geophysik 50, p. 7-17. (First text to notice deep earthquakes in Indonesia are on plane dipping toward Asian mainland (now known as Benioff zone) Berlage, H.P. (1939)- One hundred deep-focus earthquakes in the Netherlands Indies. Proc. 6th Pacific Science Congr., California, p. 135-138. Bijlaard, P.P. (1936)- De verklaring voor het optreden van zwaartekracht anomalieen, diepzeetroggen, geosynclinalen, gebergtevorming en vulkisme bij plaatselijke plastische vervorming van de aardkorst. De Ingenieur in Nederl. Indie, sect. I, 7, p. 93-97. (‘Explanation for gravity anomalies, deep sea troughs, geosynclines, mountain building and volcanism near local plastic deformation of the earth’s crust’) Blom, J. (1934)- Geologische Probleme im Malayischen Archipel. Inaugural-Dissertation Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 71p. ('Geological problems in the Malayan Archipelago'. Overview of pre-1934 tectonic theories on Indonesia, without own synthesis or opinion) Blundell, D.J. (2002)- The timing and location of major ore deposits in an evolving orogen; the geodynamic context. In: D.J. Blundell, F. Neubauer & A. von Quadt (eds.) The timing and location of major ore deposits in an evolving orogen. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 204, p. 39-47. Bock, Y., L. Prawirodirdjo, J.F. Genrich, C.W. Stevens, R. McCaffrey, C. Subarya et al. (2003)- Crustal motion in Indonesia from Global Positioning System measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 108, B8, 2367, 17p. (GPS surveys suggest tectonics dominated by interaction of 4 blocks: Sunda Shelf (moves 6 mm/yr SE rel. to Eurasia), S Banda Arc (CW rotation rel. to Sunda and Australia), Birds Head (rapidly moves WSW, subducting beneath Seram Trough) and E Sulawesi (CW rotation, transferring E-W Pacific motion into N-S shortening across N Sulawesi trench. Crustal blocks all experience significant internal deformation).


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Boehm, G. (1901)- Aus den Molukken. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 53, p. 4-10. ('From the Moluccas'. First brief report by Boehm from his geological travels in E Indonesia in 1900-1901. Mainly on visit to S coast of Sula Islands, first report on Mesozoic fossils in 200 years since Rumphius) Boehm, G. (1901)- Weiteres aus den Molukken. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 54, p. 74-78. ('More from the Moluccas'. Continuation of paper above. On Ambon Mesozoic sandstone-limestone, etc.)) Boehm, G. (1904)- Geologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in den Molukken. Proc. Compt. Rend. 9th Int. Geol. Congress, Vienna 1903, p. 657-662. (‘Geological results of a trip in the Moluccas’. Brief, early report on widespread Triassic and Jurassic marine sediments on islands of E Indonesia, noticing similarities of rocks and faunas with those from European Alps) Boehm, G. (ed.) (1904-1959)- Beitrage zur Geologie von Niederlandisch-Indien. Palaeontographica, Suppl. Vol. IV, 5 vols. (‘Contributions to the geology of the Netherlands Indies’. Series of mainly paleontological papers from E Indonesia. Listed individually) Boehm, G. (1906)- Neues aus dem Indo-Australischen Archipel. Geologische Mitteilungen aus dem IndoAustralischen Archipel I, Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal., Beil. Band 22, p. 385-412. (Early overview of Mesozoic macrofossil localites in E Indonesia: Sula islands, W Cenderawasih Bay (Wendesi M Jurassic ammonite Phylloceras), New Guinea N Coast (Walckenaer Bay ammonites and Inoceramus), Buru) Boehm, G. (1910)- Zur neuen obertriadischen Fauna aus den Molukken. Centralbl. Miner. Geol. Palaont. 1910, 6, p. 161-163. (‘On the new Upper Triassic fauna from the Moluccas’. Highly folded Upper Triassic asphalt beds near Fogi, W Buru, and Bara Bay, NW coast Buru. Buru U Triassic limestones in bivalve-cephalopod facies, different from those from Misool (brachiopod-coral facies)) Bostrom, R.C. (1984)- Westward Pacific drift and the tectonics of eastern Asia. Tectonophysics 102, p. 359376. (Brief overview of tectonic history and shared Paleozoic- Mesozoic petroleum systems between N Australia, New Guinea, Timor and other parts of eastern Indonesia) Bradshaw, M. (2001)- Australia and Eastern Indonesia at the cross-roads of Gondwana and Tethys- the implications for petroleum resources. SEAPEX Expl. Conf. 2001, Singapore, 8p. Branson, C.C. (1941)- Age of abyssal deposits of East Indian Archipelago. AAPG Bull. 41, 2, p. 320-322. (Brief review of very deep marine deposits in East Indies: Borneo Danau Fm of Molengraaff (1910, Jurassic) and Permian, Triassic and Lower Cretaceous abyssal deposits of Timor) Brouwer, H.A. (1915)- Over de tektoniek der Oostelijke Molukken. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam 24, p. 987-994. (Early, brief overview of tectonics of the E Moluccas. See Brouwer (1917) for English version) Brouwer, H.A. (1916)- Reisbericht omtrent geologische verkenningstochten op verschillende eilanden der Molukken. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 33, p. 83-89. (‘Travel notes of geological reconnaissance trips to various islands of the Moluccas’) Brouwer, H.A. (1916)- Geologische verkenningen in de Oostelijke Molukken. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser., III (Molengraaff issue), p. 31-56. ('Geological reconnaissance in the East Moluccas'. Brief overview of reconnaissance of E Indonesia islands)


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Brouwer, H.A. (1917)- On the tectonics of the eastern Moluccas. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 19, 1, p. 242-248. (online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (Early review of E Indonesia tectonics) Brouwer, H.A. (1918)- Phasen der bergvorming in de Molukken. Inaugural speech Techn. Univ. Delft, 32p. (‘Phases of mountain building in the Moluccas’. Early, dated overview of Indonesia tectonics. No maps, figures) Brouwer, H.A. (1918)- Uber Gebirgsbildung und Vulkanismus in den Molukken. Geol. Rundschau 8, 5-8, p. 197-209. (‘On mountain building and volcanism in the Moluccas’) Brouwer, H.A. (1918)- Kort overzicht onzer kennis omtrent geologische formaties en bergvormende bewegingen in den O.I. Archipel beoosten Java en Celebes. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. II, p. 293-332. ('Brief overview of our knowledge of the geological formations and mountain building movements in the east Indies archipelago East of Java and Sulawesi'. Early overview of distribution of Paleozoic- Mesozoic- Tertiary rocks across E Indonesia) Brouwer, H.A. (1919)- On the age of the igneous rocks in the Moluccas. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 21, p. 803-815. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012138.pdf) (On a variety of different age volcanic-plutonic rocks in E Indonesia) Brouwer, H.A. (1919)- Geologisch overzicht van het oostelijk gedeelte van den Oost-lndischen Archipel. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 46 (1917), Verhand. II, p. 145-452. (Rel. comprehensive overview of 1917 state of knowledge of East Indonesia geology) Brouwer, H.A. (1920)- On the crustal movements in the region of the curving rows of islands in the eastern part of the East-Indian Archipelago. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 22, 7-8, p. 772-782. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012027.pdf) (Curving rows of islands of Moluccas similar to many chains of Alpine structure. Rows of islands of Moluccas may be grouped into (1) zone characterized by outward-directed overthrusts (Timor-Ceram row); (2) marginal zone without overthrust tectonics (Sula-islands, Misool, W New Guinea S of Mac Cluer Bay (= Bintuni) and probably also Kei-islands; (3) inner zone with young active volcanoes) Brouwer, H.A. (1921)- Some relations of earthquakes to geologic structure in the East Indian archipelago. Bull. Seismol. Soc. America 11, 3-4, p. 166-182. Brouwer, H.A. (1921)- The horizontal movement of geanticlines and the fractures near their surface. J. of Geology 29, 6, p. 560-577. (Early attempt to explain deep basins and uplifted islands of E Indonesia) Brouwer, H.A. (1922)- The major tectonic features of the Dutch East Indies. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 12, 7, p. 172-185. Brouwer, H.A. (1925)- The geology of the Netherlands East Indies. MacMillan, New York, 160 p. Brouwer, H.A. (1926)- Structure of the East Indies. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, p. 784- . Brouwer, H.A. (1926)- Volcanic action and mountain building in the Dutch East Indies. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, p. 856- . Brouwer, H.A. (1926)- The Carboniferous and Permian of the Netherlands East Indies. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, 2, p. 1024-1027.


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Brouwer, H.A. (1929)- Geology of the Netherlands East Indies. In: L.M.R. Rutten (ed.) Science in the Netherlands Indies, Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, p. 101-125. Brouwer, H.A. (1931)- Paleozoic. In: Feestbundel Martin, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, p. 552-566. (Overview of occurrences of Paleozoic in Indonesia: Sumatra, Borneo, Timor, New Guinea) Brouwer, H.A. (1949)- Evolution orogenique ou consolidation prochaine aux Indes orientales. Ann. Hebert et Haug 7, p. 31-42. (Account of orogenic history of Indonesia, with special reference to Sulawesi and Timor islands) Brown, J.L. & J.E. McCallum (1997)- An atlas of sealing faults in SE Asia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems SE Asia & Australia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 837-841. Bucking, H. (1904)- Zur Geologie des nordostlichen Indischen Archipels. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 7, p. 231-253. (‘On the geology of the NE Indonesian archipelago’. Descriptions of rocks from Bacan, Mandioli, Kasiruta, Obi Besar, Manipa and Sulabesi) Budiman, I., J. Nasution, I. Sobari & W.H. Simamora (2000)- Gravity anomaly map of western part of Indonesia, scale 1:2,000,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Calais, E., L. Dong, M. Wang, Z. Shen & M. Vergnolle (2006)- Continental deformation in Asia from a combined GPS solution. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L24391, p. 1-6. (New model of Asia tectonic plates relative horizontal motions from GPS measurements) Cardwell, R.K. & B.L. Isacks (1978)- Geometry of the subducted lithosphere beneath the Banda Sea in Eastern Indonesia from seismicity and fault plane solutions. J. Geophys. Res. 83, B6, p. 2825-2838. (Earthquake data fault plane solutions suggest two lithospheric plates descending into upper mantle beneath Banda Sea: (1) along Banda arc, laterally continuous slab that subducted at plate boundary defined by Java trench-Timor Trough-Aru Trough system; (2) descends to SW to ~100 km depth in Seram Trough region and may be joined to Banda subduction system by W extension of New Guinea Tarera- Aiduna fault zone. Banda arc slab contorted at E end of arc where trench and line of active volcanoes curve NE. Contortion appears to be lateral bend in subducted slab that is continuous from surface to depths of 600 km) Cardwell, R.K. & B.L. Isacks (1981)- A review of the configuration of the lithosphere subducted beneath the eastern Indonesian and Philippine Islands. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 29-47. (Identification of subducting slabs from earthquake data. Seismic zone from Timor Trough to >600km depth below S Banda Basin, but does not appear to be linked to Seram Trough) Cardwell, R.K., B.L. Isacks & D.E. Karig (1980)- The spatial distribution of earthquakes, focal mechanism solutions and subduced lithosphere in the Philippine and North-eastern Indonesian islands. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands. Geophys. Mon. 23, p. 1-35. Carey, S.W. (1975)- Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 17-48. (Tectonic model for SE Asia using the ‘expanding earth’ theory (Carey did not believe in subduction)) Carlile, J.C. I.J.L Heesterman & A.H.G. Mitchell (1996)- Gold distribution, production and potential in Indonesia. The AusIMM Bull. 1, p. 42-46. Carlile, J.C. & A.H.G. Mitchell (1994)- Magmatic arcs and associated gold and copper mineralization in Indonesia. In: T.M. van Leeuwen et al. (eds.) Indonesian mineral deposits- discoveries of the past 25 years. J. Geochem. Expl. 50, p. 91-142.


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(Gold mineralization in andesitic arcs, active for 3-20 My intervals from Cretaceous- Pliocene. Fifteen major arcs; known ore bodies in six mid-Tertiary- Pliocene arcs. Indonesia arcs total ~7,000 kms in length. Individual arcs or segments of arcs characterized by specific mineralization types reflecting arc basement related to earlier collisions and reversals in tectonic polarity and erosion level) Caughey, C.A., D.C. Carter, J. Clure, M.J. Gresko, P. Lowry, R.K. Park & A. Wonders (1996)- Proc. International Symposium on Sequence Stratigraphy in S.E. Asia. Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 487 p. CCOP-IOC (1981)- Studies in East Asian tectonics and resources. ESCAP, CCOP Techn. Paper 7a, 2nd ed., p. 1-250. (Report on ongoing geological research along nine SEATAR mega-regional transects ) CCOP (1991)- Total sedimentary isopach maps, offshore East Asia. CCOP Techn. Bull. 23, sheets 1-6, p 1-116. (Sediment isopach maps and summaries of SE and E Asia basins) CCOP, T. Sato and Working Group (2000)- Geotectonic map of East and Southeast Asia: sheets 4, 5 and 6. CCOP-CPCEMR Geotectonic map project. CCOP Tech. Bull. 27, p. 1-16. (Geotectonic Map of E and SE Asia. Sheet 4: Philippines, Vietnam, S China, Sheet 5: Malaysia, W Indonesia, Sheet 6: E Indonesia) CCOP, T. Sato and Working Group (2002)- Geotectonic map of East and Southeast Asia: sheets 1, 2, 3 and 8. CCOP-CPCEMR Geotectonic map project. CCOP Tech. Bull. 31, p. 1-16. (Geotectonic Map of E and SE Asia. Sheets 1,2 NE Asia, 3: S China, Indochina, Myanmar, Sheet 8: W Pacific Ocean) Chamot-Rooke, N. & X. Le Pichon (1999)- GPS determined eastward Sundaland motion with respect to Eurasia confirmed by earthquakes slip vectors at Sunda and Philippine trenches. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 173, p. 439-455. (GPS over SE Asia revealed Indochina, Sunda shelf and part of Indonesia behave as rigid ‘Sundaland’ platelet, which rotates clockwise relative to Eurasia. Sundaland E-ward velocity of ~10 mm/yr on S boundary increasing to 16-18 mm/yr on N boundary) Chamot-Rooke, N., X. Le Pichon, C. Rangin, P. Huchon, M. Pubellier, C. Vigny & A. Walpersdorf (1999)Sundaland motion in a global reference frame detected from GEODYSSEA GPS measurements: implications for relative motions at the boundaries with the Australo-Indian plates and the South China block. In: The Geodynamics of S and SE Asia (GEODYSSEA) Project, GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, STR 98/14, p. 3974. Chapman, D.R. (1964)- On the unity and origin of the Australasian tektites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 28, p. 841-888. (Review of distribution and origin of widespread Pleistocene tektites several 1000 km across SE Asia and Australia. Tektites remarkably similar in composition. Probably caused by major meteorite impact, probably on moon. Size and shape of tektites interpreted to reflect higher Temp portion of crater ejecta descended over SE Australia and lower T portions were strewn progressively over SW Australia-Indonesia and further North. 'Glass pebbles' locally known as billitonites, philippinites, australites, javanites, philippinites, etc.) Charlton, T.R. (1986)- A plate tectonic model of the eastern Indonesia collision zone. Nature 319, p. 394-396. (E Indonesia interpreted in terms of rel. simpe three plate indentation model) Charlton, T.R. (1991)- Postcollision extension in arc-continent collision zones, eastern Indonesia. Geology 19, p. 28-31. (Postcollisional extension common in E Indonesia orogenic belts, starting <5 My after compressional deformation (Timor area, Gulf of Bone in Sulawesi, Wandamen Terrane of Irian Jaya). Extension results from decoupling of subducting oceanic lithosphere from unsubductable continental lithosphere; superimposition of extension is virtually unavoidable consequence of arc-continent collision)


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Charlton, T.R. (2000)- Tertiary evolution of the Eastern Indonesia collision complex. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, 5, p. 603-631. (Interpretations of last 35 My of tectonic evolution of E Indonesia, with plate reconstructions at 5 My intervals. Oldest reconstruction predates collisional deformation between N-moving Australian continent and E-W oriented, S- facing subduction zone extending from S margin of Eurasian continent E-wards. Beginning at ~30 Ma the Australian continental margin commenced collision with subduction zone along restored N margin, from Sulawesi in W to PNG in E. At ~24 Ma present-day pattern of oblique convergence between N margin of Australia and Philippine Sea Plate began. From ca 18 Ma S-directed subduction commenced at Maramuni Arc in N New Guinea. Sorong Fault Zone strike-slip system active from ~12 -6 Ma) Charlton, T.R. (2001)- Permo-Triassic evolution of Gondwanan eastern Indonesia, and the final Mesozoic separation of SE Asia from Australia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, 5, p. 595-617. (E Indonesia continental fragments with Australian/Gondwanan affinities remarkably uniform Permo-Triassic tectonostratigraphy, ranging from granitoid belt in N, through continental platform, to intracontinental rift system in S. In rift system complementary upper and lower plate rifted margins recognised in N and S Banda Arcs. N granitoid belt initiated in mid-Carboniferous, intracontinental rift system began in latest Carboniferous- earliest Permian. Extension in N rift margin ceased in M Carnian, with decline in igneous activity in granitoid belt to North. Sibumasu Terrane originated on Gondwanaland margin, rifted away in E Permian. Gondwanan E Indonesia acted as continental connection between Sibumasu/Indochina and Australia in Permian- Triassic, permitting limited floral- faunal interchange between Gondwanaland and SE Asia until final separation in Late Triassic. M Carnian structural event in E Indonesia may be related to this separation) Charlton, T.R. (2004)- The petroleum potential of inversion anticlines in the Banda Arc. AAPG Bull. 88, 5, p. 565-585. (Timor, Tanimbar, Seram perceived structural complexity may be overstated. Proposes inversions of PermianJurassic grabens as fundamental structural style) Chi, Y.H., P.B. Yuan, W.L. Ching, T.K. Wang & P.C. Chung (2000)- Geodynamic processes of Taiwan arccontinent collision and comparisons with analogs in Timor, Papua New Guinea, Urals and Corsica. Tectonophysics 325, p. 1-21. Choi, D.R. (2005)- Deep earthquakes and deep-seated tectonic zones: a new interpretation of the WadatiBenioff zone. In: F.C. Wezel (ed.) Earth dynamics beyond the plate paradigm. Bol. Soc. Geol. Ital., Spec.Vol. 5, p. 79-118. (Unorthodox tectonic model for SE Asia tectonics, etc.) Clements, B., P.M. Burgess, R. Hall & M.A. Cottam (2011)- Subsidence and uplift by slab-related mantle dynamics: a driving mechanism for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic evolution of continental SE Asia? In: R. Hall et al. (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 37-51. (Extensive Cretaceous-Paleocene regional unconformity from Indochina to Java may be due to subductiondriven mantle processes. Cessation of subduction, descent of N- dipping slab into mantle, and consequent uplift and denudation of sediment-filled Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous dynamic topographic low help explain extent and timing of unconformity. Sediments started to accumulate above unconformity from M Eocene when subduction recommenced under Sundaland) Clements, B. & R. Hall (2011)- A record of continental collision and regional sediment flux for the Cretaceous and Palaeogene core of SE Asia: implications for early Cenozoic palaeogeography. J. Geol. Soc. London 168, p. 1187-1200. (online at: http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/pubs/clements_hall_2011%20Sundaland%20emergence.pdf) (Detrital zircons from Eo-Oligocene sandstones of SW West Java derived from local volcanic sources and Sundaland. Populations with ages of 50-80 Ma (from two discrete volcanic arcs in Java and Sulawesi), 74-145 Ma (E-M Cretaceous granites of Schwaner Mts of SW Borneo), 202-298 Ma (Permian-Triassic Tin Belt


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granites), 480-653 Ma and 723-1290 Ma (Proterozoic SE Asia basement once part of Gondwana). M Eocene sediment derived mainly from Tin Belt, Late Eocene and after Borneo source more important. Microcontinental collision at Java margin (~80 Ma) halted Cretaceous subduction and resulted in elevation of large parts of continental SE Asia) Clermonte, J. (1982)- Eastern Indonesia peripheral to northern Australia: post-Mesozoic structures and orogeny. Bull. Centr. Rech. Expl.-Prod. Elf- Aquitaine 6, 2, p. 503-511. Clure, J. (1998)- Complex Eastern Indonesia poses exploration challenges. Oil and Gas J. 96, 38, p. 91-95. Cobbing, E.J., D.I.J. Mallick, P.E.J. Pitfield & L.H. Teoh (1986)- The granites of the Southeast Asian tin belt. J. Geol. Soc., London, 143, p. 537-550. (Four granite provinces, each with its own pattern of mineralization: 1. Main Range Province; Triassic, 2. Eastern Province, 3. Western (Peninsular Thailand-Burma) Province, 4. North Thailand Migmatitic Province) Cobbing, E.J., P.E.J. Pitfield, D.P.F. Darbyshire & D.I.J. Mallick (1992)- The granites of the South-East Asian tin belt. British Overseas Geol. Surv., Mem. 10, 369 p. Cockroft, P. & K. Robinson (1988)- Chemistry of oilfield waters in South East Asia and their application to petroleum exploration. Proc. 7th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1988, SEAPEX Proc. 8, p. 221238. (Study of formation waters from 400 SE Asia wells. Majority fresh or brackish meteoric to connate waters) Collette, B.J. (1954)- On the gravity field of the Sunda region (West Indonesia). Geol. Mijnbouw 16, 7, p. 271300. (Interpretation of five gravity profiles through Sumatra and Java, based on broadly spaced gravity data from Vening Meinesz and BPM) Corbett, G.J. & T.M. Leach (1998)- Southwest Pacific gold-copper systems: structure, alteration and mineralization. Soc. Econ. Geol., Spec. Publ. 6, 238 p. (draft online at: www.corbettgeology.com/corbett_and_leach_1997.pdf) (On Indonesia- New GuineaPhilippines gold deposits. Includes discussions of Masupa Ria, Kalimantan, Wetar, etc.) CoreLab/ PERTAMINA (1995)- The petroleum geology and economic assessment of the foreland basin areas of Eastern Indonesia. 5 vols. Courteney, S. (1995)- Sequence stratigraphy applied to the hydrocarbon productive basins of western Indonesia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Southeast Asian basins: oil and gas for the 21st century, Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 37, p. 363-394. (>3,000 exploratory wells drilled since 1870 in W Indonesia with 750 discoveries. By 1992 over 300 producing fields in 11 basins and 100 fields shut-in or abandoned. Published work is of regional nature. Lithostratigraphy mainly based on pre-1960's work, with terminology varying between companies. Biostratigraphy handicapped by lack of age diagnostic fossils in E Miocene and older sediments in most of Sumatra and Natuna. JavaKalimantan older section more marine with age diagnostic fossils, but errors in age determination due to reworking. Propose correlative framework using sequence stratigraphy) Courteney, S. (1996)- Western Indonesia-1: Sequence stratigraphy buoys W. Indonesia basins. Oil and Gas J. 94, May 20, p. 86-90. Courteney, S. (1996)- Western Indonesia-2: Middle Eocene, older sequences in rifts key to potential in Western Indonesia. Oil and Gas J. 94, 22, May 27, p. 71-74. (Hydrocarbons in Sumatra, Natuna, Sunda Basin, Lombok, Barito, NW Java, possibly also E Java basins all tied to M Eocene source rocks, mainly lacustrine, limited to Paleogene rifts)


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Curray, J.R. (1989)- The Sunda Arc: a model for oblique plate convergence. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, p. 131140. (Sunda Arc extends from Himalayas to Banda Arc. Variations along arc function of direction and speed of convergence across subduction zone and sediment thickness on underthrusting plate) Daly, M.C., M.A. Cooper, I. Wilson, D.G. Smith & B.G.D. Hooper (1991)- Cenozoic plate tectonics and basin evolution in Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 8, 1, p. 2-21. (BP plate reconstruction. Includes Oligocene arc polarity reversal in Sumatra, Timor is part of NW Australian margin, etc.) Daly, M.C., B.G.D. Hooper & D.G. Smith (1987)- Tertiary plate tectonics and basin evolution in Indonesia. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 399-428. (Late 1980’s BP plate reconstructions) Daly, M.C., B.G.D. Hooper & D.G. Smith (1987)- Tertiary plate tectonics and basin evolution in Indonesia. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf.geology mineral hydrocarbon res. Southeast Asia, IAGI, p. 105-134. (Same paper as above) Darman, H. & H. Sidi (eds.) (1999)- Tectonics and sedimentation of Indonesia. Proc. 1st Reg. Mtg. Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum, Bandung 1999, 99p. (Symposium commemorating 50th anniversary Van Bemmelen (1949) book Geology of Indonesia) Darman, H. & H. Sidi (eds.) (2000)- An outline of the geology of Indonesia. Indonesian Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 192 p. (The most recent, concise overview of Indonesian geology by collective of 25 Indonesian geologists. Much of book also online on Wikipedia) Das, S., H. Schoffel & F. Gilbert (2000)- Mechanism of slab thickening near 670 km under Indonesia. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 6, p. 831-834. (New data set of relocated earthquakes >400 km under Indonesia, developed by Schöffel and Das, 1999. Slab thickens, shortens and weakens before penetrating below 670 km by shearing along conjugate fault planes on upper and lower portions of seismic zone) De Bruyn, J.W. (1951)- Isogam maps of Caribbean Sea and surroundings and of Southeast Asia. 3rd World Petroleum Congress, The Hague 1951, p. (Two 1:10 million scale isogam maps, one Caribbean Sea and surroundings, the other of SE Asia, including East Indies, Philippines and New Guinea. Maps based on published Royal Dutch Shell gravity surveys) De Neve, G.A. (1981)- Indonesian non-metallic mineral resources, outline on a decade of development aspects in exploration and evaluation for Mining (1970-1980). Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 248-262. Deninger, K. (1914)- Einige Bemerkungen uber die Stratigraphie der Molukken und uber den Wert palaeontologischer Altersbestimmungen uberhaupt. Neues Jahrb. Min., 1910, 2, p. 1-15. (‘Remarks on the stratigraphy of the Moluccas and the value of paleontological age determinations’) Derksen, S.J. & J. McLean-Hodgson (1988)- Hydrocarbon potential and structural style of continental rifts: examples from East Africa and Southeast Asia. Proc. 7th Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1988, SEAPEX Proc. 8, p. 47-62. (Overview of rift basins structure and sediment fill, with examples from Sumatra, Sunda, Thailand) De Smet, M.E.M. (1989)- A geometrically consistent plate-tectonic model for Eastern Indonesia. In: J.E. van Hinte et al. (eds.) Proc. Symposium Snellius II Expedition, Jakarta 1987, I, Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2/3, p. 173-183.


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(E Indonesia plate tectonic model for last 10 Myr assuming six rigid rotating plates: Banda Sea, Buru-Seram, Sula, W Pacific, Irian Jaya, Australia) De Waele, B., P.Williams & G. Chan (2009)- Tectonic controls on the distribution of large copper and gold deposits in Southeast Asia to identify productive and non-productive structures. In: P.J. Williams et al. (eds.) Smart Science for Exploration and Mining, Proc. 10th Bienn. SGA Meeting, Townsville 2009, p. 933- 935. (Extended abstract. On distribution of porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits in SE Asia region and plate-tectonic controls) Djohari, S. & U. Kuntjara (1990)- The occurrences of rare metal minerals in Indonesia. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 350-364. Dorian, J.P., A.L. Clark & Djumhani (1986)- A geologic and mineral resource assessment of Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci, 1, p. 33-44. (Broad overview of Indonesia mineral resource assessment) Edelman, C.H. (1941)- Studien over de bodemkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie. Veenman, Wageningen, 416 p. (online at: http://library.wur.nl/isric/fulltext/isricu_i00000621_001.pdf) ('Studies on the soil science of Netherlands Indies') Elbert, J. (1911)- Die Sunda-Expedition des Vereins fur Geographie und Statistik zu Frankfurt am Main. Festschrift zur Feier des 75 jahrigen Bestehens des Vereins. Hermann Minjon, Frankfurt, vol. XXV, p. 1-274.. ('The Sunda-Expedition of the Frankfurt Geographic Society, etc'. Report of 1910 geographic expedition to Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Salayer, Tukang Besi, Flores, Wetar, Muna, Buton, Kabaena, Rubia, Mengkoda, and parts of Java and Sumatra. Main purpose of expedition was to explore geographical relationship between Asia and Australia) Elbert, J. (1912)- Die Sunda-Expedition des Vereins fur Geographie und Statistik zu Frankfurt am Main. Festschrift zur Feier des 75 jahrigen Bestehens des Vereins. Hermann Minjon, Frankfurt, vol. XV, p. 1-373. (Volume 2 of 'The Sunda-Expedition of the Frankfurt Geographic Society, etc'.) England, P., R. Engdahl & W. Thatcher (2004)- Systematic variation in the depths of slabs beneath arc volcanoes. Geoph. J. Int. 156, 2, p. 377-408. (Depth to top subducting slab below Java volcanoes ~100km. Worldwide ranges 65-130 km. Inverse correlation between depth and descent speed of subducting plate. No correlation with age of subducting ocean floor or thermal parameters of slab) Ernst, W.G, S. Maruyama & S. Wallis (1997)- Buoyancy-driven, rapid exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphosed continental crust. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94, p. 9532-9537. (online at: http://www.pnas.org/content/94/18/9532.full.pdf) (Preservation of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) minerals formed at depths of 90-125 km require unusual conditions. Our subduction model involves (1) underflow of continental crust embedded in cold, largely oceanic crustcapped lithosphere, (2) loss of leading portions of high-density oceanic lithosphere by slab break-off as increasing volumes of microcontinental material enter subduction zone, (3) buoyancy-driven return to midcrustal levels of thin (2-15 km thick), low-density slice, (4) uplift, backfolding, normal faulting and exposure of UHP terrane. Intracratonal position of most UHP complexes reflects consumption of intervening ocean basin and introduction of sialic promontory into subduction zone. UHP metamorphic terranes consist chiefly of transformed continental crust (otherwise could not return to shallow depths). UHP paragneisses contain most abundantly preserved crustal diamonds. Banda Arc used as example) ESCAP (1976)- Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins in the ECAFE regions (Vols. 3 and 4) Proc. Spec. Regional Working Group, UN ECAFE Min. Res. Dev. Ser. 42, 263p.


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Escher, B.G. (1933)- On the relation between the volcanic activity in the Netherlands East Indies and the belt of negative gravity anomalies discovered by Vening Meinesz. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 36, 6, p. 677-685. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016465.pdf) (Pre-plate tectonics paper exploring the apparent relationships between belts of active volcanoes, dipping zone of earthquakes and zone of negative gravity anomalies as recently identified by Vening Meinesz. In the 1950's/ 1960's these understood to be expressions of Benioff/ subduction zones) Escher, B.G. (1933)- Over het indirecte verband tusschen het vulkanisme in Ned.-Indie en de strook van negatieve anomalie van Vening Meinesz. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. (2), 50, p. 727-740. (‘On the indirect relationship between volcanism and Vening Meinesz’ belt of negative gravity anomalies in E Indies’) Escher, B.G., I.M. van der Vlerk, J.H.F. Umbgrove & P.H. Kuenen (1931)- Feestbundel uitgegeven ter eere van Prof. Dr. K. Martin 1851-1931. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, 748p. (Voluminous K. Martin commerative volume, summarizing ‘state of the art’ of paleontology and stratigraphy in the Netherlands East and West Indies. With listings of species and fossil localities and stratigraphy) Evans, C.D., C.P. Brett, J.W.C. James & R. Holmes (1995)- Shallow seismic reflection profiles from the waters of east and southeast Asia: an interpretation manual and atlas. BGS Technical Report, WC/94/60. Fairhead, J.D., I. Somerton &G. Gifford (2004)- A new global satellite gravity dataset for screening and evaluating offshore basins in S.E. Asia. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., DFE04-PO-006, 7p. (New GETECH processing method ERS-1 and GEOSAT satellite gravity recovers gravity anomalies with wavelengths down to 10 km) Fainstein, R. (1998)- Deep water exploration off Southeast Asia. SEAPEX meeting, Singapore 1998, p. Fichtner, A., M. De Wit & M. van Bergen (2010)- Subduction of continental lithosphere in the Banda Sea region: combining evidence from full waveform tomography and isotope ratios. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 297, p. 405-412 (Subduction of old continental lithosphere to depths of >100 km under Banda arc suggested by tomographic images and isotope signatures in arc volcanics. Late Jurassic ocean lithosphere N of N Australian craton was capable of entraining large volumes of continental lithosphere. Timor tomographic images indicate island not directly above N margin of N Australian craton. Possible explanation involves delamination within continental crust, separating upper from lower crustal units, consistent with massive accretionary complex on Timor island, with evidence from Pb isotopes for lower-crust involvement in arc volcanism) Fitch, T.J. (1970)- Earthquake mechanisms and island arc tectonics in the Indonesian-Philippine region. Bull. Seismol. Soc. America 60, 2, p. 565-591. (One of first papers applying ‘new plate tectonics’ concepts to Indonesia) Fitch, T.J. (1972)- Plate convergence, transcurrent faults and internal deformation adjacent to southeast Asia and western Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 77, p. 4432-4460. Fitch, T.J. & P. Molnar (1970)- Focal mechanisms along inclined earthquake zones in the Indonesia- Philippine region. J. Geophys. Res. 75, p. 1431-1444. Flenley, J.R. (1999)- Problems of the Quaternary on mountains of the Sunda-Sahul region. Quat. Sci. Rev. 15, p. 549-555. (In montane areas in Sunda-Sahul region Upper Montane rainforest appears to be absent in Late Pleistocene. Estimates of temperature lowering in Late Pleistocene strikingly greater in mountains than in lowlands)


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Fletcher, G.L. & R.A. Soeparjadi (1976)- Indonesia's Tertiary basins- the land of plenty. In: Proc. SEAPEX 1976, Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore, Paper 8, p. 1-54. (Good overview of geology and hydrocarbon plays in Indonesian Tertiary basins) Fortuin, A.R. & M.E.M. de Smet (1991)- Rates and magnitudes of Late Cenozoic vertical movements in the Indonesian Banda Arc and the distinction of eustatic effects. In: D.I.M. MacDonald (ed.) Sedimentation, tectonics and eustasy: sea level changes at active margins, Int. Assoc. Sedimentol., Spec. Publ. 12, p. 79-89. Fraser, A.J., S.J. Matthews & R.W.Murphy (eds.) (1997)- Petroleum geology of SE Asia. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, 427p. (Good collection of papers on SE Asia tectonics, basins and hydrocarbon plays) Fugro-Robertson (2008)- Exploration opportunity screening: Eastern Indonesia-Papua New Guinea. Multiclient study, vol. I: Text; vol. II: Enclosures. Gage, M.S. & R.S. Wing (1980)- Southeast Asian basin-types versus oil opportunities. Proc. 9th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 9, p. 124-147. (Genetic classification of 63 SE Asia basins. Over 35 billion bbl oil found, another 35 remains to be found. Four of 11 recognized basin types contain 84% of all SE Asian oil: ocean margin, backarc, wrench and suturerelated basins) Gaina C. & D. Muller (2007)- Cenozoic tectonic and depth/age evolution of the Indonesian gateway and associated back-arc basins. Earth Sci. Rev. 83, p. 177-203. (Reconstruction of tectonics and depth history of Indonesian seaway and associated SE Asian back-arc basins. All marginal seas N of Australia formed in back-arc setting, with Caroline (37-24 Ma) and Celebes Seas (48-35 Ma) opening N of N- dipping subduction zone, and Solomon Sea (42-33 Ma) S of S- dipping subduction. Several major tectonic events N of Australia at ~45 Ma, related to relocation of subduction zone NW of Australia under Philippine Sea plate due to collision and accretion of old Pacific plate material to N-subducting Australian plate. Negative anomalous depth of several back-arc basins is ~650-800 m (range 300-1100 m), accompanied by negative regional heatflow anomalies, suggesting mantle-driven dynamic topography. Tomography shows marginal basins with negative dynamic topography underlain by massive buried slab material, suggesting negative dynamic topography and heatflow anomalies due to basin formation above slab burial grounds) Garwin, S. L. (1996)- The settings and styles of gold mineralisation in Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia. Ann. Geol. Conference, Keynote Papers, p. 1-27. Garwin, S., R. Hall & Y. Watanabe (2005)- Tectonic setting, geology and gold and copper mineralization in Cenozoic magmatic arcs of Southeast Asia and the West Pacific. Econ. Geol., 100th Anniv. Vol., p. 891-930. (Gold and copper deposits in SE Asia and W Pacific largely in M-L Cenozoic (25–1 Ma) magmatic arcs. Twenty major arcs and several less extensive Cenozoic arcs form complex border to Sundaland core and N margin of Australian continent. Three major plate reorganizations at ~45, 25, and 5 Ma, characterized by collisional events that changed plate boundaries and motions. Most deposits developed during episodes of plate reorganization. Hydrothermal systems active for durations of <100,000 years) Genrich, J.F., Y. Bock, R. McCaffrey, E. Calais et al. (1996)- Accretion of the southern Banda Arc to the Australian plate margin determined by global positioning system measurements. Tectonics 15, p. 288-295. (GPS measurements show Australian continent has accreted to Banda arc. Timor Trough now inactive. Most of Australia- Eurasia convergence appears to occur as N-ward translation of Banda Arc, with shortening on Flores and Wetar thrusts) Geological Survey of Japan (2004)- Digital geologic map of East and Southeast Asia, 1: 2,000,000, 2nd ed. Digital Geoscience Map Series G-2, CD-ROM


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Ghose, R., S. Yoshioka & K. Oike (1990)-Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the subduction dynamics in the Sunda arc region, Southeast Asia. Tectonophysics 181, 1-4, p. 223-255. Gingele, F.X., P. De Deckker & C.D. Hillenbrand (2001)- Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments between Indonesia and NW Australia- source and transport by ocean currents. Marine Geol. 179, p. 135-146. Granath, J.W., J. Christ et al. (2001)- Tertiary tectonic compilation in a GIS for Indonesia. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 345-351. (E Indonesia tectonic blocks in GIS format) Green, R., J.S. Adkins, H.J. Harrington & M. Untung (1979)- Bouguer gravity anomaly map of Indonesia. Univ. of New England, Armidale, Australia. Green, R., J.S. Adkins, H.J. Harrington & M. Untung (1981)- Bouguer gravity map of Indonesia. Tectonophysics 71, p. 267-280. (Summary of 1:5M map; map not included) Grevemeyer, I. & V.M. Tiwari (2006)- Overriding plate controls spatial distribution of megathrust earthquakes in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 251, p. 199-208. (Thermal models and structural constraints derived from seismic and gravity data used to explain seismogenic behaviour in Sunda subduction zone. With respect to Java, oblique subduction of young oceanic crust shifts seismogenic coupling zone roughly 40 km trenchward offshore of N Sumatra and increases width of locked megathrust. Prominent positive gravity anomaly offshore Java caused by shallow mantle wedge underlying forearc basin. Serpentinized mantle wedge would limit width of coupling zone to 30–40 km, compared to N120 km off Sumatra. Sumatra remains therefore most vulnerable for future megathrust earthquakes, while shallow mantle wedge may limit violence of rupture off Java) Gribi E.A. (1973)- Tectonics and oil prospects of the Moluccas, Eastern Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 6, p. 11-16. Gribi, E.A. (1974)- Petroleum geology of the Moluccas, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. SEAPEX 1973 Conf., Singapore, 1, p. 23-30. (Older, broad overview of potential hydrocarbon plays in E Indonesia) Griffiths, J.R. & C.F. Burrett (1973)- Were South-East Asia and Indonesia parts of Gondwanaland ? Nature Phys. Sci. 245, p. 92-93. Grunau, H.R. (1958)- Radiolarian cherts and associated rocks in space and time. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 58, p. 157206. (Review of radiolarian cherts worldwide, incl. descriptions of ?Jurassic Danau Fm and Cretaceous Lupar Fm of Borneo, and similar rocks from Sumatra, Triassic and Cretaceous of Seram, Cretaceous of Timor, JurassicCretaceous of E Sulawesi and Triassic of Malay Peninsula. Radiolarian cherts typical deep water 'geosynclinal' deposits (mainly Tethys eugeosyncline), typically intensely folded and associated with turbidites and ophiolites. As already concluded by Molengraaf (1909) these are remnants of former ocean basins) Guntoro, A. (1995)- Tectonic evolution and crustal structure of the Central Indonesian region from geology, gravity and other geophysical data. Ph.D. Thesis University College London, 335p. Guntoro, A. (1999)- A new propose of geological division in the Indonesian archipelago from tectonic evolution point of view. In: FOSI 1st Regional Seminar: Tectonics and sedimentation of Southeast Asia, Bandung 1999 (Abstract only?) (Indonesian archipelago often divided into E and W parts, with boundary in Makassar Straits and Lombok Strait. New subdivision proposed here, introducing C Indonesia Province, a transition between Eurasian W Indonesia and Pacific- Australasian related elements of E Indonesia. Boundary between W and C Indonesian


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regions is Pre-Tertiary subduction zone at SE Eurasian margin. Boundary between C and E Indonesia at Paleogene subduction complex accreted to this margin, marked by Selayar-Bonerate Ridge, separating Flores and Banda Seas. C Indonesian region Cretaceous- Eocene site of complex subduction, fore arcs and magmatic arcs and subsequent opening of Makassar Strait) Guntoro, A. (1999)- The effect of collision of the Banggai-Sula microcontinent to the tectonic development in Central Indonesian region. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA '98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 103-111. (No data on Banggai-Sula. Bone Bay rifting in S Sulawesi attributed to Banggai-Sula collision) Hafkenscheid, E. (2004)- Subduction of the Tethys oceans reconstructed from plate kinematics and mantle tomography. Geol. Ultraiectana 241, 191p. (Ph.D. Thesis University of Utrecht; online) Hafkenscheid, E., S.J.H. Buiter, M.J.R. Wortel, W. Spakman & H. Bijwaard (2001)- Modelling the seismic velocity structure beneath Indonesia: a comparison with tomography. Tectonophysics 333, p. 35-46. (Generally good agreement between modeled tomography velocity structure and Rangin (1999) and Lee & Lawver (1995) plate reconstructions) Hafkenscheid, E., M.J.R. Wortel, W. Spakman (2006)- Subduction history of the Tethyan region derived from seismic tomography and tectonic reconstructions. J. Geoph. Res. 111, B08401, doi:10.1029/2005JB003791, p. 1-26. (Tomography, mainly on Western Tethys) Haile, N.S. (1973)- The recognition of former subduction zones in Southeast Asia. In: D.H. Tarling & S.K. Runcorn (eds.) Implications of continental drift to the earth sciences, vol. 2, Academic Press, London, p. 885892. (Early paper on plate tectonics application in SE Asia, focused around W Borneo- Malay Peninsula) Haile, N.S. (1976)- The regional implications of paleomagnetic research in Southeast Asia. SEAPEX Proc. 3, p. 39-44. Haile, N.S. (1978)- Progress report on paleomagnetic research in Southeast Asia. Proc. Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. SE Asia, 1975, p. 33-36. Haile, N.S. (1981)- Paleomagnetism of Southeast and East Asia. In: M.W. McElhinny & D.A.Valencio (eds.) Paleoreconstruction of the continents, Am. Geoph. Union, Geodyn. Ser. 2, p. 129-135. (Summary of paleomagnetic results from Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sumba, Timor, Seram) Haile, N.S. (1981)- Paleomagnetic evidence and paleotectonic history and paleogeography of eastern Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 81-87. (Seram 74° anticlockwise rotation since Late Miocene, Timor Permian Cribas Fm higher paleolatitude (34°) than Maubisse Fm (27°), but within margin of error. SW Sulawesi E Cretaceous radiolarian chert formed at ~3° and, with Kalimantan and Malay Peninsula, may have rotated 30-40° anticlockwise since Jurassic. Similar cherts from E arm Sulawesi formed at 42°S) Haile, N.S. & J.C. Briden (1983)- Past and future paleomagnetic research and tectonic history of East and Southeast Asia. Proc. CCOP Workshop Paleomagnetic Research in E and SE Asia, Kuala Lumpur 1982, p. 2546. Hall, R. (1990)- Subduction-related ophiolite terrains: evidence from southeast Asia. In: J. Malpas et al. (eds.) Ophiolites: oceanic crustal analogues, Geol. Survey Cyprus, 1987, p. 449-460.


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Hall, R. (1995)- Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Indonesian region. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1995, 1, p.71-84. Hall, R. (1996)- Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 106, p. 153-184. Hall, R. (1997)- Cenozoic plate tectonic reconstructions of SE Asia. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds.) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 126, p. 11-23. Hall, R. (1997)- Cenozoic tectonics of SE Asia and Australasia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Petroleum systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 47-62. Hall, R. (1998)- The plate tectonics of Cenozoic SE Asia and the distribution of land and sea. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 99-131. Hall, R. (2001)- Extension during Late Neogene collision in East Indonesia and New Guinea. J. Virtual Explorer 4, 13p. (Important plate motion changes in SE Asia- W Pacific at ~45 Ma, 25 Ma and 5 Ma. Australia and SE Asia made contact at ~25 Ma, with collision-related deformation in Sulawesi and between the PhilippinesHalmahera- S Caroline Arc and New Guinea. Ophiolites obducted in SE Sulawesi in E Miocene) Hall, R. (2001)- Cenozoic reconstructions of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: changing patterns of land and sea. In: I. Metcalfe et al. (eds.) Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia-Australasia. Balkema, Lisse, p. 35-56. Hall, R. (2002)- Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: computerbased reconstructions, model and animations. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 4, p. 353-431. (Still the most comprehensive, key paper on SE Asia- SW Pacific Cenozoic plate reconstructions since Early Eocene, 55 Ma) Hall, R. (2008)- Continental growth at the Indonesian margins of SE Asia. In: J.E. Spencer & S.R. Titley (eds.) Ores and orogenesis: Circum-Pacific tectonics, geologic evolution and ore deposits, Arizona Geol. Soc. Digest 22, p. 245-258. Hall, R. (2009)- Southeast Asia’s changing palaeogeography. Blumea- biodiversity, evolution and biogeography of plants 54, p. 148-161. (SE Asia grew incrementally by addition of continental fragments, mainly rifted from Australia, and added to margins of Sundaland as result of subduction. Sundaland was almost permanent land area from beginning of Mesozoic. Addition of continental fragments of SW Borneo and later East Java-W Sulawesi formed larger emergent land area by Late Cretaceous. Subduction resumed at Sundaland margin in Eocene, leading to widespread rifting within Sundaland and formation of Makassar Straits. Australia began to collide with Southeast Asia ~ 25 Ma, effectively closing former deep ocean between two continents) Hall, R. (2009)- Hydrocarbon basins in SE Asia: understanding why they are there. Petroleum Geosc. 15, 2, p. 131-146. (Almost all hydrocarbon basins in SE Asia began to form in Early Cenozoic and filled with Cenozoic sediments. Most are rifted basins formed by regional extension on continental crust. Weakness of Sundaland lithosphere, unusually responsive to changing forces at the plate edges, meant that basins record complex tectonic history) Hall, R. (2009)- The Eurasian SE Asian margin as a modern example of an accretionary orogen. In: P.A. Cawood & A. Kroner (eds.) Earth accretionary systems in space and time, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 318, p. 351-372.


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Hall, R. (2011)- Australia-SE Asia collision: plate tectonics and crustal flow. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of the Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 75-109. (Latest version of R. Hall Jurassic- Recent Indonesia tectonic reconstruction. Sundaland core of SE Asia is heterogeneous assemblage of Tethyan sutures and Gondwana fragments. Fragments that rifted from Australia in Jurassic collided with Sundaland in Cretaceous and terminated subduction. From 90-45 Ma Sundaland surrounded by inactive margins with localized strike-slip deformation, extension and subduction. At 45 Ma Australia began to move N and subduction resumed beneath Sundaland. At 23 Ma Sula Spur promontory collided with Sundaland margin. From 15 Ma subduction hinge rollback into Banda oceanic embayment, major extension, and later collision of Banda volcanic arc with S margin of embayment. Sundaland has weak thin lithosphere, highly responsive to plate boundary forces and hot weak deep crust flowed in response to tectonic and topographic forces and sedimentary loading. Gravity-driven movements of upper crust, unusually rapid vertical motions, exceptionally high rates of erosion, and massive movements of sediment characterized region) Hall, R. (2011)- SE Asian reconstructions, plate tectonics and crustal flow- any importance for hydrocarbon exploration? SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation, 82p. (Abstract +presentation) (Most of SE Asia not rigid plate or multiple rigid microplates bounded by lithospheric faults. Sundaland formed by collision of Sibumasu and E Malaya-Indochina in Triassic and other fragments rifted from Australia in late Jurassic- E Cretaceous were added in Cretaceous (now in Borneo, Java, Sulawesi) Hall, R. (2012)- Late Jurassic-Cenozoic reconstructions of the Indonesian region and the Indian Ocean. Tectonophysics (in press) (New Mesozoic- Cenozoic plate tectonic reconstruction. A continental block (Luconia-Dangerous Grounds) rifted from E Asia was added to E Sundaland N of Borneo in Cretaceous. Banda (SW Borneo) and Argo (E Java- W Sulawesi) blocks separated from W Australia and collided with SE Asia between 110- 90 Ma. At 90 Ma Woyla intra-oceanic arc collided with Sumatra margin. Subduction beneath Sundaland terminated at this time. Between 90- 45 Ma Australia remained close to Antarctica and there was no significant subduction beneath Sumatra and Java. During this interval Sundaland was largely surrounded by inactive margins with some strike-slip deformation and extension, except for subduction beneath Sumba- W Sulawesi between 63- 50 Ma. At 45 Ma Australia began to move N; subduction resumed beneath Indonesia and has continued to present. Cenozoic deformation influenced by deep structure of Australian fragments added to Sundaland core, shape of Australian margin formed during Jurassic rifting, and age of now-subducted ocean lithosphere) Hall, R., J. Ali, C. Anderson & G.J. Nichols (1992)- Dispersion and accretion recorded in Eastern Indonesia. In: Proc. First Int. Symp. Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion, China 1991, IGCP Project 321, p. 133-138. Hall, R., B. Clements & H.R. Smyth (2009)- Sundaland: basement character, structure and plate tectonic development. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-134, 26 p. (New plate reconstructions going back to 150 Ma, showing Borneo terranes separating from Australian NW shelf in Late Jurassic and colliding with Asia in Early Cretaceous) Hall, R. & J.D. Holloway (eds.) (1998)- Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publ., Leiden, 410p. (Collection of papers from 1996 conference on SE Asia tectonics and biogeography. Some papers available online at http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/publications/papers/pdf_publications/.. ) Hall, R. & C.K. Morley (2004)- Sundaland Basins. In: P. Clift, P. Wang et al. (eds.) Continent-ocean interactions within the East Asian marginal seas. Am. Geophys. Union, Geoph. Mon. 149, p. 55-85. Hall, R. & H.R. Smyth (2008)- Cenozoic arc processes in Indonesia: identification of the key influences on the stratigraphic record in active volcanic arcs. In: A.E. Draut, P.D. Clift & D.W. Scholl (eds.) Formation and applications of the sedimentary record in arc collision zones. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Pap. 436, p. 27-54. (Record of Cenozoic subduction volcanic activity at SE Asia margins. Stratigraphic record in Indonesian region reflects complex tectonic history, including collisions, changing plate boundaries, subduction polarity


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reversals, elimination of volcanic arcs, and extension. Growth of region in episodic way, by addition of ophiolites and continental slivers, and as result of arc magmatism) Hall, R. & W. Spakman (2002)- Subducted slabs beneath the eastern Indonesia-Tonga region: insights from tomography. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 201, 2, p. 321-336. (Tomographic images of mantle structure N and NE of Australia show anomalously fast regions, interpreted in terms of current and former subduction systems) Hall, R. & W. Spakman (2004)- Mantle structure and tectonic evolution of the region North and East of Australia. In: Evolution and dynamics of the Australian Plate, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 372, p. 361-381. (Tomographic images of mantle reveal a number of high seismic-velocity anomalies, interpreted as subducted slabs. Several generally flat deeper anomalies not related to present subduction. Mainly discussion of potential Tertiary subducted slabs around NE Australia-New Guinea) Hall, R. & W. Spakman (2005)- Mantle tomography and Southeast Asian tectonics. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Newsletter, July 2005, p. 31-36. (online at: www.ipa.or.id/download/news/IPA_Newsletter_07_2005_9.pdf) Hall, R. & M.E.J. Wilson (2000)- Neogene sutures in Eastern Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, p. 781- 808. (Five suture zones: Molucca, Sorong, Sulawesi, Banda and Borneo sutures, each with relatively short history) Hallam, A. (1986)- Evidence of displaced terranes from Permian to Jurassic faunas around the Pacific margins. J. Geol. Soc., London, 143, p. 209-216. Hamilton, W. (1970)- Tectonic map of the Indonesian region, a progress report. US Geol. Survey, Denver, Open File Report, 29p. Hamilton, W. (1973)- Tectonics of the Indonesian Region. Proc. Reg. Conf. Geol. SE Asia, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 6, p. 3-10. Hamilton, W. (1974)- Map of the sedimentary basins of the Indonesian region. U.S. Geol. Survey Map I-875-B, 1:5,000,000. (Online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0875b/report.pdf) Hamilton, W. (1974)- Earthquake map of the Indonesian region. U.S. Geol. Survey, Misc. Inv. Ser., Map I-875C, 1:5,000,000. Hamilton, W. (1976)- Subduction in the Indonesian Region. Proc. 5th Ann, Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 3-23. (Early plate tectonic interpretation of Indonesia) Hamilton, W. (1977)- Subduction in the Indonesian Region. In: M.Talwani & W.C. Pitman (eds.) Island arcs, deep sea trenches and back-arc basins. Am. Geophys. Union, p. 15-31. Hamilton, W.B. (1978)- Tectonic map of the Indonesian region. U.S. Geol. Survey Map I-875-D, 1:5,000,000. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/) Hamilton, W. (1979)- Tectonics of the Indonesian Region. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 1078, p. 1-345. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1078/report.pdf) (First comprehensive overview of Indonesia tectonics in plate tectonics context. An aging, but unrivaled masterpiece, with still much good information and insights) Hamilton, W. (1988)- Plate tectonics and island arcs. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 100, p. 1503-1527. (Discussion of plate tectonics, with chapters on volcanic arcs of Indonesia. Variations in composition of lavas along Sunda-Banda Arc reflects continental crust in Sumatra segment, transitional crust in Java and mature oceanic island arc developing from Bali to Sumbawa)


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Hamilton, W. (1989)- Convergent-plate tectonics viewed from the Indonesian region. In: A.M.C. Sengor (ed.) Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan region. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 655-698. Hamilton, W. (1989)- Convergent plate tectonics viewed from the Indonesian region. Geol. Indon. 12, 1 (Katili special volume), p. 35-88. Hamilton, W.B. (1995)- Subduction systems and magmatism. In: J.L. Smellie (ed.) Volcanism associated with extension at consuming plate margins, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 81, p. 3-28. Hammond, J.O.S., J. Wookey, S. Kaneshima, H. Inoue, T. Yamashina & P. Harjadi (2010)- Systematic variation in anisotropy beneath the mantle wedge in the Java-Sumatra subduction system from shear-wave splitting. Physics Earth Planet. Interiors 178, p. 189-201. Hantoro, W.S. (1992)- Etude des terrasses recifales quaternaries soulevees entre le detroit de la Sonde et l'Ie de Timor, Indonesie: mouvements verticaux de la croute terrestre et variations du niveau de la mer. Ph.D Thesis Universite Aix Marseille II, Vol. 1, 761 p. and Vol. 2, 225 p. ('Study of Quaternary reef terraces between Sunda Strait and Timor island: vertical crustal movements and sea level variations') Hantoro, W.S., R. Lafont, S. Bieda, L. Handayani, E. Sebowo & S. Hadiwisastra (1996)- Holocene to Recent vertical movement in Indonesia; study on emerged coral reef. In: Proc. IGCP Symp. Geology SE Asia and adjacent areas, Hanoi 1995, J. Geol., B, 7-8, p. 93-113. (Many Indonesian islands have emerged coral reef platforms in sheltered beach setting, refecting mid-Holocene sea level highstand, ~3m above present-day sea level. Vertical movements can be identified by coral reefs 'outside stepping' (uplift; Banda Arc from Alor to E) or 'inside stepping' (subsidence, e.g. S Sunda Strait)) Harahap, B.H., S. Bachri, Baharuddin, N. Suwarna, H. Panggabean & T.O. Simanjuntak (2003)- Stratigraphic lexicon of Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 29, p. 1-729. (Comprehensive overview of names, definitions, ages and type localities of 1856 formations used on Geological Survey maps in Indonesia. Many formation names used by other authors/ organizations not included) Harder, S.H. et al. (1992)- Mechanism for Cenozoic extension in and around Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. Harder, S.H., S.J. Mauri & S. Marshall-Arrazola (1993)- Gravity modelling of extensional basins in Southeast Asia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 33, p. 153-162. (Comparison of free-air gravity with sediment thickness of SE Asia sedimentary basins shows no correlation due to differences in crustal structure under basins in extensional vs. covergent regimes. Thickened crust in convergent regimes creates negative anomalies) Hardjawidjaksana, K. & H. Prasetyo (1994)- Review of the development of the eastern Indonesia triple junction. Proc. 30th Sess. Comm. Co-ord Joint Prospecting Mineral Res Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok, 2, p. 109-136. (Review of structure and tectonic development of Eastern Indonesia. Complex area for which at least seven different tectonic frameworks have been proposed) Harris, R. (2003)- Geodynamic patterns of ophiolites and marginal basins in the Indonesian and New Guinea regions. In: Y. Dilek & P.T. Robinson (eds.) Ophiolites in Earth history, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 218, p. 481-505. (Ophiolites in E Indonesia- New Guinea region suggest strong correlation with marginal basin development and closure. Most ophiolite slabs represent fragments of oceanic lithosphere with subduction zone component as indicated by petrochemistry and occurrence of boninite)


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Hartono, H.M.S. (1989)- Indonesian off-shore mineral occurrences. In: Proc. 24th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok 1987, 2, p. 19-31. (Brief overview of distributions of hydrocarbons, tin, chromite, iron sand, manganese nodules, etc.) Hartono, H.M.S. (co-ord.), C.S. Hutchison, S. Tjokrosapoetro & B. Dwiyanto (1991)-Studies in East Asian tectonics and resources (SEATAR). Crustal transect IV: Banda Sea. CCOP, Bangkok, p. 1-30. (Overview of SEATAR Banda Sea crustal Transect. Banda Sea underlain by oceanic crust, believed to be Cretaceous age. Oldest Banda Sea volcanics 12 Ma) Hartono, M.H.S. & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1984)- Preliminary account and reconstruction of Indonesian terranes. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 185-226. (Indonesian Archipelago 13 terranes (accretionary terranes excluded). Proto-Kalimantan and Sumatra basement include island arcs and amalgamated in Late Triassic along Bentong-Raub suture to form Sunda Platform. In Paleogene SW Sulawesi rifted from E Kalimantan to collide with oceanic crust to E. In Tertiary W Sulawesi magmatic arc came into existence. Sulawesi Ophiolite from oceanic crust pushed W by Banggai-Sula terrane and blocked by Tertiary W Sulawesi arc. Sumba, Buton, Seram and Timor terranes result of rift-drift from NW Australia in Jurassic. Banggai-Sula, Bacan and Buru terranes formed by Sorong Fault slicing off NW Irian Jaya and moving W. NW Australia /Irian Jaya passive margin, moving N behind front of oceanic crust. It collided with N Irian Jaya island Arc in Oligocene, after which polarity of subduction changed to S) Hartono, M.H.S. & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1986)- Geological evolution of the Indonesia Archipelago. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 20, p. 97-136. (Same paper as above) Hatherton, T. & W.R. Dickinson (1969)- The relationship between andesitic volcanism and seismicity in Indonesia, the Lesser Antilles and other island arcs. J. Geophys. Res. 74, p. 5301-5310. (One of first ‘new plate tectonics’ concepts applied to Indonesia) Hayes, D.E. (ed.) (1978)- A geophysical atlas of the East and Southeast Asian seas. Geol. Soc. America, MC25, p. Hayes, D.E. (ed.) (1980)- The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands. Amer. Geophys. Union Geophys. Mon. 23, 326 p. (Proceedings of SEATAR project conference) Hayes, D.E. (ed.) (1983)- The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands- Part 2. Amer. Geophys. Union Geophys. Mon. 27, 396 p. (Proceedings of SEATAR project conference-part 2) Hayes, D.E. (1984)- Marginal seas of Southeast Asia- their geophysical characteristics and structure. In: Origin and history of marginal and inland seas, Proc. 27th Int. Geol. Congress, Moscow 1984, VNU Science Press, p. 123-154. Hedervari, P. & Z. Papp (1981)- Seismicity maps of the Indonesian region. Tectonophysics 76, p. 131-148. (Rel. dated, general earthquakes distribution maps) Hehuwat, F. (1975)- A review of mineral exploration in Indonesia. In: Wiryosujono & A. Sudrajat (eds.) Regional Conf. Geology and Mineral Resources of SE Asia, Jakarta 1975, p. 37-42. Hehuwat, F. (1976)- Isotopic age determinations in Indonesia: the state of the art. In: Proc. Seminar on isotopic dating, Bangkok 1975, United Nations ESCAP CCOP Techn. Bull. 3, p. 135-157.


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Hehuwat, F.H.A. (1986)- An overview of some Indonesian melange complexes- a contribution to the geology of melange. Mem. Geol. Soc. China 7, p. 283-300. Heliani, L,S., Y. Fukuda & S. Takemoto (2004)- Simulation of the Indonesian land gravity data using a digital terrain model data. Earth, Planets and Space 56, 1, TERRAPUB, Tokyo, p. 15-24. (Indonesian gravity field neither accurately nor comprehensively determined, especially land data. This study proposes solution to data unavailability by means of a simulation technique) Hinschberger, F., J.A. Malod, J.P. Rehault, M. Villeneuve, J.Y. Royer & S. Burhanuddin (2005)- Late Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 404, p. 91-118. (Plausible E Indonesia M Miocene- Recent plate reconstruction model) Hirayama, J. (ed.) (1991)- Total sedimentary isopach maps offshore East Asia, with basin descriptions. CCOP Techn. Bull. 23, p. 1-114. Hochstein, M.P. & J. Moore (eds.) (2008)- Indonesian geothermal prospects and developments. Geothermics. 37, 3, p. 217-365. Hoffman, N. (2002)- Australian geology in Indonesia: new frontiers and new discoveries. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 289- 300. (Discussion of Australian Mesozoic geology in Timor sea area. Reservoirs predominantly Jurassic, with recent Laminaria and Sunrise/Troubadour gas discoveries close to Indonesian border. First significant Indonesian Mesozoic hydrocarbon discovery in Tangguh, Irian Jaya, with Jurassic source-reservoir similar to Plover Fm) Hoffmann-Rothe, J. (1994)- Indonesien/Indonesia. In: H. Kulke (ed.) Regional petroleum geology of the world, I, Borntraeger, Berlin, p. 747-794. Holcombe, C.J. (1977)- Earthquake foci distribution in the Sunda Arc and the rotation of the back-arc area. Tectonophysics 43, 3-4, p. 169-180. (Earthquake foci suggest India plate underthrust only 200 km under C Sumatra, but >600 km under Java Sea. May be due to oblique India-Eurasia convergence caused by rotation of Sunda backarc area relative to Eurasia. Backarc rotation also explains pattern of Cenozoic volcanicity in Sumatra, and nature of Andaman Basin, which may be rhombochasm forming behind locally divergent plate margin) Holcombe, C.J. (1977)- How rigid are lithospheric plates? Folds and shear rotation in Southeast Asia. J. Geol. Soc London 134, 3, p. 325-342. (Significant fault movement during Tertiary in continental SE Asia, part of Eurasia plate. Three separate but linked rotation: Indochina subplates wrench rotation, Sunda shear rotation, and rotation of Malay Peninsula and Sunda Platform by movements along Ranong and Semangko faults. Pre-Oligocene map reconstruction of SE Asia offers explanations for patterns of Quaternary faulting and Tertiary sedimentation) Holloway, J.D. & R. Hall (1998)- SE Asian geology and biogeography: an introduction. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, p. 1-23. Honda H. & H. Nagura (2000)- A note on the Tertiary history of Indo-Australian plate-movements and the West Indonesian Tertiary stratigraphy. J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn. 65, 3, p.270-277. (in Japanese) (online at http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (Two geohistorical phases in Indo-Australian plate movements: (1) slow N-ward movement of Australian plate until latest Eocene with sudden acceleration around earliest Oligocene; (2) Late Oligocene acceleration and plateau of high movement rate until late Early Miocene, and early M Miocene acceleration. These plate movements well recorded in Indonesian Tertiary and Quaternary systems) Hosking, K.F.G. (1970)- The primary tin deposits of South-East Asia. Min. Sci. Eng., 2, p. 24-50.


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Hosking, K.F.G. (1971)- The offshore tin deposits of Southeast Asia. United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 5, p. 112- 129. (Brief review of offhore cassiterite placer deposits of Burma, W peninsular Thailand, W Malaysia and Indonesian tin islands Singkep, Bangka, Billiton) Hosking, K.F.G. (1977)- The known relationship between the ‘hard-rock’ tin deposits and the granites of SE Asia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 9, p. 141-157. (SE Asian Tin Province stretches for 188 miles from mainland Burma and NW Thailand to Tin Islands of Indonesia. East and West belts, with granites of several distinct ages and types and associated with different primary tin deposits) Hovig, P. (1918)- Contactmetamorfe ijzerertsafzettingen in Nederlands-Indie. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie 77, p. 71-194. ('Contactmetamorphic iron ore deposits in the Netherlands Indies') Huang, C.Y., P.B. Yuan, C.W. Lin et al. (2000)- Geodynamic processes of Taiwan arc-continent collision and comparison with analogs in Timor, Papua New Guinea, Urals and Corsica. Tectonophysics 325, p. 1-21. Hutabarat, S. (1993)- Khuluk dan ploa umum diagenesis mineral-mineral lempung dalam batuan waduk klastik di Cekungan-Cekungan Indonesia-Barat. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, p. 1015-1027. Hutchison, C.S. (1973)- Tectonic evolution of Sundaland; a Phanerozoic synthesis. In: Proc. Regional Conf. Geology of Southeast Asia, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia. 6, p. 61-86. (Early paper on tectonic evolution of Sundaland in terms of plate tectonic model) Hutchison, C.S. (1975)- Ophiolite in the Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 86, p. 797-806. (Twenty belts of ultramafic assemblages identified in SE Asia (not including E Indonesia), but fewer than half can be classified as ophiolite. Complete ophiolite sequences only in NE Borneo and Philippine Islands; others incomplete or dismembered) Hutchison, C.S. (1978)- Southeast Asian tin granitoids of contrasted tectonic setting. J. Physics of the Earth, Tokyo, 26, p. 221-232. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (Three major tin granitoid belts in SE Asia: (1) West, from Phuket to Tenasserim. Tin associated with Cretaceous adamellite, granite and pegmatite; (2) Main Range, from Bangka to S Thailand. Tin associated with Late Carboniferous and Late Triassic granite; (3) East, from Billiton to Pahang-Trengganu. Tin-tungsten associated with Permian- M Triassic adamellite-granite) Hutchison, C.S. (1980)- Southeast Asia. In: A.E. Nairn & F.G. Stehli (eds.) The Indian Ocean, The ocean basins and margins 6, Plenum Press, New York, p. 451- 512. (Early overview of Precambrian- Recent rocks distribution from Burma to W Indonesia) Hutchison, C.S. (1983)- Multiple Mesozoic Sn-W-Sb granitoids of Southeast Asia. In: J.A. Roddick (ed.) Circum-Pacific Plutonic terranes, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 159, p. 35-60. Hutchison, C.S. (1984)- Is there a satisfactory classification for Southeast Asian Tertiary basins. SEAPEX 5th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1984, p. 6.64- 6.76. (SE Asia Tertiary basins classification complicated by presence of microcontinents, originating from JurassicE Miocene rifting from S China and N Australian continental margins) Hutchison, C.S. (1986)- Tertiary basins of S.E. Asia- their disparate tectonic origins and eustatic stratigraphical similarities. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 19, p. 109-122. (Tertiary basins of SE Asia developed by extensional tectonics, combined with wrench control. With exception of marginal seas sedimentation kept pace with subsidence. Basin unconformities, transgressions, regressions


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good correspondence to global sea level changes, but may be artifact of overdependence on SE Asian basins for compilation of eustatic curves) Hutchison, C.S. (1986)- Formation of marginal seas in Southeast Asia by rifting of the Chinese and Australian continental margins and implications for the Borneo region. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 201-220. (With exception of Okinawa and Ayu Troughs, all SE Asia marginal seas formed by processes other than backarc rifting. Andaman Sea is leaky transform system. W Philippine Sea, Banda Sea, Celebes Sea and Sulu Sea basins all remnants of former oceans now trapped behind younger arc-trench systems. S China Sea formed by post-Early Cretaceous rifting of continental margin of SE China. (NB: all these basins are younger than assumed by Hutchison, so some conclusions herein are not valid; HvG) Hutchison, C.S. (1987)- Displaced terranes of the southwest Pacific. In: Z. Ben Avraham (ed.) The evolution of the Pacific Ocean margins, Oxford Mon. Geol. Geoph. 8, Oxford University Press, p. 161-175. Hutchison, C.S. (1989)- Geological evolution of South-East Asia. Oxford Monogr. Geol. Geophys. 13, 368 p. (Comprehensive textbook of SE Asia geology) Hutchison, C.S. (1992)- The Eocene unconformity on Southeast and East Sundaland. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 69-88. (Early Paleogene Sundaland landmass extended as far SE as W Sulawesi. India collided with Eurasia by 45 Ma/anomaly 19, spreading ceased at NW Wharton Basin, etc. Push of India resulted in clockwise rotation of Sundaland. Regional event causing major Eocene unconformity on and around Sundaland) Hutchison, C.S. (1994)- Gondwana and Cathaysian blocks, Palaeotethys sutures and Cenozoic tectonics in South-East Asia. Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundschau) 83, 2, p. 388- 405. (Triassic ‘Indosinian Orogeny’ suturing of Gondwanan and Cathaysian blocks closed Palaeotethys Ocean. W Malaysia Sinoburmalaya block has Carboniferous-Permian mudstones with glacial dropstones and is traced into Sumatra. Cathaysian E Malaya block Late Permian Gigantopteris flora and fusulinid limestones with andesitic volcanism, similar to W Sumatra block, with E Permian volcanism, fusulinid limestones and early Cathaysian Jambi flora. S-SSE trending central Peninsular Malaysian Triassic orogenic belt swings SE from Singapore to Bangka, then E to Billiton. Palaeo-Tethys suture (Bentong-Raub Line) forms W margin belt and unlikely to continue S along Paleogene Bengkalis Graben, which transects NW-SE orogenic fabric of Sumatra. Oroclinal bending of Indosinian Orogen, from NW-SE in Sumatra to N through Peninsular Malaysia, attributed to Paleocene collision of India and subsequent indentation into Eurasia. Bending accomplished by clockwise rotation and right-lateral shear parallel to orogenic grain. Mesozoic Paleotethyan sutures transformed into Paleocene and younger shear zones.) Hutchison, C.S. (1996)- South-East Asian oil, gas, coal and mineral deposits. Oxford Monogr. Geol. Geophys. 36, 265 p. Hutchison, C.S. (1998)- The quest for an understanding of Southeast Asian Cenozoic tectonics and the importance of pre Tertiary structures. Proc. SEAPEX Expl. Silver Jubilee Conf., Singapore 1998, p. 73-74. Hutchison, C.S. (2007)- Geological evolution of South-East Asia, 2nd edition. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 433 p. Hutchison, C.S. (ed.) R. Sukamto, H.Z. Abidin, T.C., Amin, M.S. Andi et al. (1991)- Studies in East Asian tectonics and resources (SEATAR) Crustal transect VII: Jawa- Kalimantan- Sarawak- South China Sea. CCOP, Bangkok, CCOP/TP 26, p. 1-66. Hutchison, C.S. (ed.), R. Sukamto, A.P. Madrid & C.S. Hutchison et al. (1995)- Studies in East Asian tectonics and resources (SEATAR), Crustal transect VIII, South China- Sulu- Sulawesi- Maluku- Philippine Seas. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 20, p. 1-45.


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(Review of geology and geophysics along regional transect including Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, Molucca Sea, Philippine Sea) Hutchison, C.S. & D. Taylor (1978)- Metallogenesis in SE Asia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 135, p. 407-428. (Overview of SE Asia economic metals distribution. Three metallogenic provinces (1) peripheral Cenozoic volcanic arc (copper, gold, silver), (2) Mesozoic Sundaland core (tin with minor tungsten, antimony), and (3) cratonic China N of Red River Suture (tungsten, antimony with tin, mercury). Ophiolites, obducted from Pacific and marginal basin lithosphere, yield substantial chromite and nickel from residual laterite) Isacks, B, J. Oliver & L.R. Sykes (1968)- Seismology and the new global tectonics. J. Geophys. Res. 73,18, p. 5855-5899. Jablonski, D. (2007)- Insights into S.E. Asian plate reconstructions as guided by the 2005-2006 regional seismic surveys, Central-Eastern Indonesia. Presentation SEAPEX Conf., Singapore 2007, Abstract, 2 p. (>10 km of Eocene- Recent sediment in Gorontalo Basin which is underlain by a pre-rift section of sedimentary origin. Pre-break-up section evidence of older collision that may be related to collision of Mangkalihat-NW Sulawesi microplate with NE Sulawesi. Integration of this observation with onshore geology of SE Sulawesi indicates likely Late Cretaceous collision. Eocene- Miocene in Gorontalo Basin mainly extensional tectonics with late compression estimated approximately at 5.5 Ma) Jacques, J.M. (2007)- Geotectonic map of SE Asia- basins and hydrocarbon occurrences. Presentation SEAPEX 2007 Conf., Singapore, p. (GIS-based digital tectonic elements map and sediment thickness map of SE Asia. Map available from SEAPEX) Jacobson, R.S., G.G. Shor, R.M. Kieckhefer & G.M. Purdy (1981)- Seismic refraction and reflection studies in the Timor-Tanimbar-Aru Trough system and Australian continental shelf. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 153169. (Timor-Aru Trough is not deeper than 3.6 km and is extension of Java Trench. Underlain by continental crust. Data strongly support the trough is the surface trace of a subduction zone) Jarrard, R.D. & S. Sasajima (1980)- Paleomagnetic synthesis for Southeast Asia: constraints on plate motions. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands-1, Amer. Geophys. Union Geoph. Monogr. Ser. 23, p. 293-316. (Compilation of paleomagnetic data Japan, Philippines, Indonesia. E Mesozoic Sumatra was 10-20°S of present latitude; in Late Mesozoic drifted N with 30° CW rotation, reaching present position by E Tertiary) Kadarusman, A. (2001)- Geodynamic aspects of Indonesian region: a petrological approach. Ph.D. Thesis, Tokyo Institute of Technology, p. 1-456. Kadarusman, A. (2002)- Plume tectonics and Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya, p. Kadarusman, A. (2009)- Ultramafic rock occurrences in Eastern Indonesia and their geologic setting. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang, PITIAGI2009-188, 7p. Kadarusman, A., Y. Kaneko, T. Ohta & S. Maruyama (2003)- The geology and tectonic of the Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 28th HAGI Ann. Conv., Jakarta, 17p. (Non magmatic southern Banda arc from Timor to Tanimbar exposes one of youngest high P/T metamorphic belts in world. Deformation and metamorphic grade increase towards center of 1 km thick crystalline belt. High P/T metamorphic rocks extruded as thin sheet into space between overlying ophiolites and underlying continental shelf sediments (‘wedge extrusion model’). Quaternary uplift, marked by elevation of recent reefs, ~1260 m in Timor, decreasing toward Tanimbar in E. Exhumation of high P/T metamorphic belt started in W


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Timor in Late Miocene time and migrated east. Quaternary rapid uplift to rebound of subducting Australian continental crust beneath Timor after break-off the oceanic slab fringing continental crust) Katili, J.A. (1970)- Large transcurrent faults in Southeast Asia with special reference of Indonesia. Geol. Rundschau 59, p. 581-600. Katili, J.A. (1971)- A review of the geotectonic theories and tectonic maps of Indonesia. Earth Sci. Rev. 7, p. 142-165. (also in Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Mining (1970) 3, 2, p. 57-69) (Good review of tectonic syntheses proposed for Indonesia from 1920's to 1970) Katili, J.A. (1972)- Plate tectonics of Indonesia with special reference to the Sundaland area. Proc. First Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 57-61. (One of the early papers re-interpreting Indonesia tectonics in a plate tectonic context) Katili, J.A. (1973)- Plate tectonics and its significance for the search of mineral deposits in western Indonesia. United Nations ECAFE CCOP Tech. Bull. 7, p. 23-37. (Early interpretation of Indonesia on basis of plate tectonic theory. W Indonesia magmatic arcs and subduction zones in Permian, Triassic-Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary- Recent, tied to styles and ages of mineralization provinces. Late Jurassic Malayan Orogen contains tin, gold and bauxite. Cretaceous and Miocene arcs contain epithermal gold-silver ores, etc.) Katili, J.A. (1973)- On fitting certain geological and geophysical features of the Indonesian island arc to the new global tectonics. In: P.J. Coleman (ed.) The Western Pacific: island arcs, marginal seas, geochemistry. University of Western Australia Press, p. 287-305. (One of the early papers re-interpreting Indonesia tectonics in a plate tectonic context) Katili, J.A. (1973)- Geochronology of West Indonesia and its implication on plate tectonics. Tectonophysics 26. p. 195-212. (New radiometric ages of igneous rocks allow recognition of paleo-subduction zones of Permian, TriassicJurassic, Creataceous, Miocene and Pliocene-Recent age. Map of volcanic arcs of Paleozoic- Tertiary ages) Katili, J.A. (1974)- Geological environment of the Indonesian mineral deposits; a plate tectonic approach. Geological Survey of Indonesia, Publ. Teknik, Ser. Geol. Ekon. 7, p. 225-236. (Tertiary mineralization more significant in Sulawesi, Halmahera, Irian Jaya than Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda islands, possibly because Pacific Plate richer in metals than Indian Ocean) Katili, J.A. (1975)- Geological environment of the Indonesian mineral deposits; a plate tectonic approach. CCOP Tech. Bull. 9, p. (Same paper as above) Katili, J.A. (1975)- Volcanism and plate tectonics in the Indonesian island arcs. Tectonophysics 26, p. 165-188. (Reconstruction of outward migration of Indonesian volcanic arcs from Permian-Recent) Katili, J.A. (1980)- Geotectonics of Indonesia- a modern view. Directorate General of Mines, 271p. (Reprint collection of Katili papers 1962-1978) Katili, J.A. (1981)- Contradicting views on the plate tectonics of Indonesia and their bearing on heat flow research. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 5, p. 21-29. Katili, J.A. (1984)- Evolution of plate tectonic concepts and implication for the exploration of hydrocarbon and mineral deposits in Southeast Asia. Pangea, CIFEG, Paris 3, p. 5-18. Katili, J.A. (1985)- Advancement of geoscience in the Indonesian region. Indon. Assoc. Geol., Bandung, 248p. (Reprint collection of Katili papers 1963-1985)


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Katili, J.A. (1986). On understanding the geological environment of the Southeast Asian mineral and hydrocarbon deposits in relation to the progressive development of plate tectonic concepts. Mem. Geol. Soc. China (Taiwan) 7, p. 45-68. Katili, J.A. (1989)- Review of past and present geotectonic concepts of Eastern Indonesia. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 103-129. (History of geotectonic concepts since early 1900’s) Katili, J.A. (1989)- Evolution of the Southeast Asian arc complex. Geol. Indonesia (J. Indon. Ass. Geol.) 12, 1 (Katili Spec. Vol.), p. 113-143. Katili, J.A. (1991)- Tectonic evolution of Eastern Indonesia and its bearing on the occurrence of hydrocarbons. Marine Petrol. Geol. 8, 1, p. 70-83. (New Guinea first collided with Sepik island arc at ~30 Ma. At ~20 Ma subduction pattern reorganization resulted in 8000 km long, E-W arc-trench system from Sumatra to Buru. Prior to arrival of Australian continent at SE Asian continental margin, a N-S oriented Sulawesi-Mindanao volcanic arc existed ~800 km E of Borneo. New Guinea and Sepik collided with Inner Melanesian island arc, opening Australian Plate to influence of WNW moving Pacific Plate. At ~10 Ma S-dipping subduction zone broke through N of Irian Jaya but no volcanism. Oil and gas in pull-apart basins of Irian Jaya in Tertiary deposits, but source rocks in collision zones likely Mesozoic. Exploration targets in E Indonesia are intracratonic basins of Arafura Shelf, marginal (rift) basins skirting S and E section of Banda arc, collision zones of Timor, Seram, E Sulawesi and thrustbelt of Irian Jaya) Katili, J.A. & S. Asikin (1985)- Hydrocarbon prospects in complex paleo subduction zones. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 83-103. (No significant hydrocarbons in accretionary wedge of W Indonesia. Sumatra fore-arc basin lacks coarse quartz rich reservoirs; heatflow and hydrocarbon source rocks are immature. Arc-trench system of E Indonesia different. Two phases in Banda Arc: (1) Indian-Australian plate oceanic crust subducted under Banda oceanic plate, (2) subduction of Australian continental crust into Banda Arc subduction zone. Oceanic crust dipping in Sumatra-Java Trench covered by thin pelagic sediments, but parts of shelf -slope sequences of Arafura Platform carried into Tanimbar Trench and Aru Through. Consolidated lower part of sequence greater shear strength and little material from there scraped off and incorporated in wedge. If rich in organic material, tectonic processes in trench and beneath wedge will mature organic material. If reservoir rocks exist in front of wedge, migration and accumulation must be possible. Oil and gas in subduction complex of E Sulawesi may be explained in same way) Katili, J.A. & S. Asikin (1987)- Hydrocarbon prospects in complex paleo subduction zones. Proc. 22nd Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Guangzhou 1985, 2, p. 279-301. (Same paper as above) Katili, J.A. & H.M.S. Hartono (1983)- Complications of Cenozoic tectonic development in Eastern Indonesia. In: T.W.C. Hilde & S. Uyeda (eds.) Geodynamics of the western Pacific-Indonesian region, Amer. Geophys. Union and Geol. Soc. America Geodyn. Ser. 11, p. 387-399. (Tectonic development of Indonesian archipelago as SE margin of Eurasian plate can be followed since Late Paleozoic from continental nucleus located between Sumatera and Kalimantano Archipelago developed E-ward until it attained present position as represented by Banda volcanic arc. During Late Paleozoic and throughout Mesozoic development of Sunda Arc system regular and always had arcuate shape of volcanic arc around continental margin. Tertiary more complicated) Katili, J.A. & J.A. Reinemund (1984)- Southeast Asia: tectonic framework, earth resources and regional geological problems. Int. Union Geol. Sci., Publ. 13, 68 p.


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Katili, J.A. & R. Soetadi (1971)- Neotectonics and seismic zones of the Indonesian Archipelago. New Zeal. Roy. Soc. Bull. 9, p. 39-45. Katili, J.A. & H.D. Tjia (1969)- Outline of Quaternary tectonics of Indonesia. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Min. 2, 1, p. 1-12. (Marine terraces around Bangka and Billiton on stable Sunda Shelf formed by Quaternary sea level highstands. Post-glacial strandlines at 0.5-1m (3500 BP), 1.5-2m (5000 BP) and 5m (6000 BP) above present sea level) Kaufmann, G.F. (1951)- The tectonic framework of the Far East and the influence on the origin and accumulation of petroleum. Proc. 3rd World Petrol. Congress, The Hague, 1, p. 87-118. Kenyon, C.S. & L.R. Beddoes (1977)- Geothermal gradient map of Southeast Asia. SEAPEX/ Indonesian Petrol. Assoc. Publ., p. (see also later version by Rutherford & Qureshi 1981) Kenyon, C.S., K. Roberti, M. Hughes-Clarke & M. de Matharel (1976)- Geothermal gradient map of Indonesia, a progress report. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 81-90. Kertapati, E.K., A. Soehami & A. Djuhanda (1992)- Seismotectonic map of Indonesia, 1: 5 million. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung. Ketner, K.B. (1973)- Geologic research in Indonesia. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-143, p. 1-46. Klompe, Th.H.F. (1957)- Pacific and Variscan orogeny in Indonesia. A structural synthesis. Madjalah Ilmu Indonesia (Indon. J. Nat. Sci.) 113, p. 43-87. (Pre-plate tectonic tectonic synthesis of Indonesia. Stratigraphic and structural features of Indonesia suggests major differences between E and W parts. In E Indonesia extensive Paleozoic (‘Variscan orogeny’) land mass development, modified by later regeneration and epeirogenic movements. No trace of Paleozoic/Variscan orogeny in W part, but widespread effects of Pacific orogeny (Mesozoic)) Klompe, Th.H.F. (1961)- Pacific and Variscan orogeny in Indonesia. A structural synthesis. Proc. 9th Pacific Sci. Congr., Bangkok 1957, 12, p. 76-115. (Same paper as above). Klompe, Th.H.F., J.A. Katili, Johannas & Soekendar (1957)- Late Palaeozoic- Early Mesozoic volcanic activity in the Sunda Land area. Indon. J. Nat. Sci.,113, p. 89-104. (Two zones of Late Paleozoic- E Mesozoic volcanic activity: northern, more acid zone in Malaya and C Borneo, and southern, more basic zone in Sumatra. Djambi volcanites do not originate from Malaya, but form part of autochthonous series. This, and lack of indications for thrust movements in west C Sumatra, make occurrence of postulated sheet structures in Djambi and other parts of west C Sumatra rather doubtful) Klompe, Th.H.F., J.A. Katili, Johannas & Soekendar (1961)- Late Palaeozoic- Early Mesozoic volcanic activity in the Sunda Land area. Proc. 9th Pacific Sci. Congr. 1957, 12, p. 204-217. (Same paper as above) Klompe, Th.H.F. & S. Soetardjo (1954, 1965)- Geologic map of Indonesia 1:2,000,000. Indonesia Direct. Geol., Bandung, and US Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I-414, 2 sheets. Koesoemadinata, R.P. & D. Noeradi (eds.) (2003)- Indonesian island arcs: magmatism, mineralization and tectonic setting. Penerbit ITB, Bandung, 361 p. (Collection of papers by professor R. Soeria-Atmadja 1974-2001, reprinted at retirement from ITB) Koesoemadinata, R.P. & A. Pulunggono (1974)- Offshore Tertiary sedimentary basins in Indonesia. Proc. Inst. Tekn. Bandung 8, 3, p. 91-107. (online at: http://journal.itb.ac.id/index.php?li=article_detail&id=584)


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(Early overview of offshore basins, originally presented at 12th Pacific Science Congress in 1971, with schematic cross sections of Sunda Shelf, Java Sea and Paternoster Platform) Koesoemadinata, R.P., L. Samuel & M.I. Tachjudin (1995)- Subsidence curves and modelling of some Indonesian Tertiary basins. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Southeast Asian basins: oil and gas for the 21st century, Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1994, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 205-230. (Subsidence curves of N and S Sumatra, Barito, NE Java and Salawati Basins constructed from well-bore data, calibrated by micropaleontology and seismic sections. All basins Tertiary age, but differences and similarities in basin forming mechanics, depositional fill and final modifying tectonics) Koesoemadinata, R.P., L. Samuel & M.I.T. Taib (1999)- Subsidence curves and basin mechanism of some Tertiary basins in Western Indonesia. Buletin Geologi 31, 1, p. 23-56. Koesoemadinata, R.P., S.I. Qivayanti & A.H.P. Kesumayana (1999)- Shale compaction curves of Tertiary basins of Western Indonesia. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 3, p. 83-92. Koning, L.P.G. (1952)- Earthquakes in relation to their geographical distribution, depth and magnitude. I. The East Indian Archipelago. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B55, 1, p. 60-77. Konyukhov, A.I. (2009)- Geological structure, sedimentation conditions, and petroleum potential of sedimentary basins in Southeast Asia. Lithology and Mineral Res. 44, 5, p. 427-440. (Russian review of SE Asian basins) Koto, B. (1899)- On the geologic structure of the Malayan Archipelago. Jour. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 11, 2, p. 83-120. (online at: http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/32675/1/jcs011007.pdf) Krabbenhoeft, A., R.W. Weinrebe, H. Kopp, E.R. Flueh, S. Ladage, C. Papenberg, L. Planert & Y. Djajadihardja (2010)- Bathymetry of the Indonesian Sunda margin-relating morphological features of the upper plate slopes to the location and extent of the seismogenic zone. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 10, p. 1899-1911. (online at: http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/10/1899/2010/nhess-10-1899-2010.pdf) (Review of varaitions in character along Sunda subduction zone from N Sumatra to East of Java. Off Sumatra wider seismogenic zone with larger earthquakes. Variations controlled by increasing age of crust of subducting plate from W to E, decrease in thickness of sediment cover from W to E, topography of downgoing plate, etc.) Krause, P.G. (1898)- Obsidianbomben aus Niederlandisch-Indien. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 5, 5, p. 2371-251. ('Obsidian bombs from Netherlands Indies'. Early paper on the 'glass pebbles', locally common in W IndonesiaSE Asia and probably result of Pleistocene meteorite impact. Particulary common on Belitung island. In Krause collection up to 4 cm long, but Verbeek (1997) described sizes up to 8x2.5 cm. See also Wing Easton (1921; 'billitonites') and Von Koenigswald (1935; Java tektite occurrences)) Kreemer, C., W.E. Holt, S. Goes & R. Govers (2000)- Active deformation in Eastern Indonesia and the Philippines from GPS and seismicity data. J. Geophys. Res. 105, B1, p. 663-680. (GPS and seismicity data show Java Trench delineates Australian plate (AU)- Sunda block boundary W of Sumba, but E of Sumba, convergence distributed over back-arc and Banda Sea. In New Guinea most motion is strike-slip in N part of island, delineating Pacific- Australian plate boundary. Some trench-normal convergence at New Guinea Trench, evidence that strain is partitioned to accommodate oblique Pacific- Australia motion. Sulawesi Trench may take up some of AU-Sunda motion) Kuenen, P.H. (1932)- Remarks on the undation theory of van Bemmelen. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 35, 9, p. 1155-1160. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016337.pdf) (Early criticism on Van Bemmelen's newly proposed, controversial tectonic undation theory. )


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Kuenen, P.H. (1935)- Geological interpretation of the bathymetrical results. In: The Snellius Expedition in the eastern part of the Netherlands East Indies (1929-1930), 5. Geological Results, 1, Kemink, Utrecht, 124 p. (Descriptions and interpretations of E Indonesia seafloor morphology. Includes overview of earlier tectonic syntheses of region) Kuenen, P.H. (1935)- Contributions to the geology of the East Indies from the Snellius expedition. Part I. Volcanoes. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 7, p. 273-334. (Brief descriptions and sketches of volcanoes on E Java, Gunung Api, Serua and Tidore) Kuenen, P.H. (1936)- The negative isostatic anomalies in the East Indies (with experiments). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 8, 2, p. 169-214. (Sandbox compressional deformation modeling of crustal buckling) Kuenen, P.H., J.H.F. Umbgrove & F.A. Vening Meinesz (1934)- Gravity, geology and morphology of the East Indian Archipelago. In: Gravity expeditions at sea, 1923-1932, Vol. II: The interpretation of the results, Netherlands Geodetic Commission, p. 106-194. (One of first Indonesia-wide gravity anomalies maps. Control density is limited, but clearly shows negative anomalies outlining accretionary wedge belts, maximum positive anomalies for oceanic basins, etc. First paper to suggest trenches with their negative anomalies are site of seafloor 'downbuckling', later understood as subduction) Kundu, B. & V.K. Gahalaut (2011)- Slab detachment of subducted Indo-Australian plate beneath Sunda arc, Indonesia. J. Earth Syst. Sci. 120, 2, p. 193-204. (online at: http://www.ias.ac.in/jess/apr2011/193.pdf) (Patterns of seismicity, seismic tomography and geochemistry of arc volcanoes reflect horizontal slab tear in the subducted Indo-Australian slab beneath Sunda arc, from 105°E to 116°E) and in-depth of 300–500 km. Interaction of spreading centre with Sunda arc in E Tertiary probably nucleated small horizontal tear on slab and slab detachment process dominated beneath E Java arc after 20 Ma (E Miocene) but before 10 Ma (Late Miocene), well before collision of Australian continental mass)) Kusumahbrata, Y. (2008)- Geoheritage of Indonesia. In: M.S. Leman, et al. (eds.) (2008)- Geoheritage of East and Southeast Asia. Inst. Alam Sekitar Pemb. (LESTARI) and CCOP, p. 57-92. (online at www.ccop.or.th/download/pub/CCOP-geoheritage-book.pdf) (Proposed geological monuments in Indonesia) Landenberger, E. (1922)- Die Geologie von Niederlandisch-Indien, nebst einem kurzen Anhang Die Geologie der Philippinen. Schweizerbart Verlag, Stuttgart, 216p. ('The geology of Netherlands Indies, with a short chapter on the geology of the Philippines'. Early overview of Indonesia geology for travelers; nothing new) Lebedev, S. & G. Nolet (2003)- Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia from S velocity tomography. J. Geoph. Res., 108, B1, 2048, p. Lee, C. & R. McCabe (1986)- The Banda-Celebes-Sulu Basin: a trapped piece of Cretaceous- Eocene oceanic crust? Nature 322, 6074, p. 51-54. (Banda basin underlain by oceanic crust, previously interpreted as trapped oceanic basin which was once continuous with Late Jurassic Argo abyssal plain (Bowin et al., etc.). Newly identified magnetic reversal ages, heatflow data, etc., suggest Celebes and Sulu Seas may have been continuous with Banda basin, and are all part of dissected Cretaceous-Eocene oceanic basin (Banda Sea age now commonly accepted to be Late Miocene- Pliocene (Hamilton 1979, Hinschberger et al. 2001); HvG) Lee, T.Y. & L.A. Lawver (1994)- Cenozoic plate reconstruction of the South China Sea region. Tectonophysics 235, 1-2, p. 149-180.


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Lee, T.Y. & L.A. Lawver (1995)- Cenozoic plate reconstruction of Southeast Asia. Tectonophysics 251, p. 85138. (Reconstructions of SE Asia region from 60- 5 Ma. Impact between Greater India and SE Asia in NW part of SE Asia, probably from M Eocene- E Miocene, W of Burma block, so no reason to assume Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Kalimantan should extrude to SE along left-lateral Mae Ping and Three Pagodas fault zones as suggested by Peltzer and Tapponnier (1988). Opening of C Thailand basins, Gulf of Thailand, and Malay Basin require dextral megashear zone to compensate relative motion between Indochina and Malay Peninsula,which may extend into W Kalimantan and serve as boundary between Indochina block and Kalimantan) Leman, M.S., A. Reeedman & C.S. Pei (2008)- Geoheritage of East and Southeast Asia. Inst. Alam Sekitar Pemb. (LESTARI) and CCOP, 320p. (online at www.ccop.or.th/download/pub/CCOP-geoheritage-book.pdf) (Book describing geological monuments and proposed monuments in Indonesia and other Asian countries) Letouzey, J., P de Clarens, J. Guignard & J.L. Berthon (1983)- Structure of the North Banda- Molucca area from multi-channel seismic reflection data. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 143-156. (N Banda-Molucca area at junction of three converging plates, a mosaic of remnant and active island arcs and continental and oceanic fragments. NW-SW late Neogene thrusts and anticlines in NE part of S Halmahera. S of Halmahera several sinistral, transcurrent, reverse faults prolong Sorong fault. From deep Salawati basin to N Buru large tectonic zone with mud diapirs delimited. Due to collision, possible remnants of Molucca Sea Plate outcrop in E arm of Sulawesi and Obi Island. Good cross-sections Seram- Halmahera area) Letouzey, J. & C. Muller (1988)- Structure of sedimentary basins in Eastern Asia. Proc. 7th Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1988, SEAPEX Proc. 8, p. 63-68. (Cross sections through E Asian basins S China Sea, Philippines, NW Borneo, etc.) Letouzey J., L. Sage & C. Muller (1988)- Geological and structural maps of eastern Asia- introductory notes. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Tulsa, 52 p. + 3 map sheets 1: 2,500,000. Letouzey, J., P. Werner & A. Marty (1990)- Fault reactivation and structural inversion. Backarc and intraplate compressive deformations. Example of the eastern Sunda shelf (Indonesia). Tectonophysics 183, p. 341-362. (Three main Cenozoic tectonic periods: Paleogene- Early Miocene extension with graben fill, a quiescent period, M Miocene- Recent folding/ inversion/ thrusting. Many folds on E Sunda Platform are inversions of Paleogene grabens) Leupold, W. & I.M. van der Vlerk (1931)- The Tertiary. In: Stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Feestbundel Martin, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, p. 611-648. (Overview of Tertiary formations and correlations across the Indies in K. Martin memorial volume) Linthout, K., H. Helmers & J. Sopaheluwakan (1997)- Late Miocene obduction and microplate migration around the southern Banda Sea and the closure of the Indonesian Seaway. Tectonophysics 281, 1-2, p. 17-30. (Miocene shallowing and closure of Indonesian Seaway between Indian Ocean-Pacific related to plate-tectonic developments at S margins of Banda Sea. Model good agreement with 9.9-7.5 Ma history of shallowing and closure of Indonesian Seaway, as inferred from biogeographic patterns and thermal evolution of Miocene equatorial Pacific waters) Lloyd, P.M., R. Koch, D. Desautels, M. Amiruddin et al. (1999)- Chasing channel sands in Southeast Asia. Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 43, p. 377-384. Londono, J. & J.M. Lorenzo (2004)- Geodynamics of continental plate collision during late Tertiary foreland basin evolution in the Timor Sea: constraints from foreland sequences, elastic flexure and normal faulting. Tectonophysics 392, 1-4, p. 37-54. (Modeling of flexure of Australian NW margin as result of Timor collision. Late Tertiary (~6.5-1.6 Ma) foreland basin subsidence of Australian lithosphere propagates from SW to NE in Timor Sea, as consequence of oblique collision between Eurasian and Australian plates. Normal faulting related to bending implies some


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inelastic yielding. Flexural models indicate at least 570 km of Australian plate was flexed, primarily by tectonic loading of Timor Island and at least 100 km of plate subducted) Longley, I.M. (1997)- The tectonostratigraphic evolution of Southeast Asia. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 126, p. 311-340. (Tertiary tectono-stratigraphic evolution of SE Asia fourr phases: (1) 50-43.5 Ma: Start of India-Eurasia collision caused reduction in convergence along Sunda Arc subduction system, resulting in extension in adjacent fore-arc and back arc areas; (2) 43.5-32 Ma: termination of oceanic subduction beneath the IndiaEurasia collision zone caused plate reorganization, producing second phase of rifting, with onset of extension in S China Sea and the failed rift system of Makassar Straits. First major collision of Luconia Shoals block with subduction system along NW Borneo margin; (3) 32-21 Ma): first phase of seafloor spreading in S China Sea, rotations creating Malay Basin and inversion along Sunda Arc ending the rifting in these basins; (4) 21–0 Ma: cessation of first phase of seafloor spreading inS China Sea caused by collsion of Baram block with NW Borneo subduction system. Major collisions in NW Borneo, Sulawesi and Timor areas, together with rotation of Sumatra resulted in extensive structural inversion) Longley, I.M. (2000)- Extrusion collusion and rotational confusion in SE Asian tectonic models. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib. Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1458. (Abstract only) (In Paleogene SE Asia experienced rift phase with no significant transtension or transpression. Extrusion Tectonics also fails to explain origin of backarc basins of Sumatra and Java, Malay Basin, etc. Paleogene evolution mainly driven by M Eocene plate re-organisation caused by India-Eurasia collision, with extrusion tectonics as Neogene modifier to basins formed by Paleogene rifting. Model suggests all Tertiary rotations in SE Asia are clockwise, initially due to opening of S China Sea and later due to effects of extrusion tectonics) Longley, I.M. (2002)- Extrusion tectonics- give it up ! - it does not explain the Tertiary evolution of SE Asia. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Newsletter, June 2002, p. 16-19. Longman, M. (1993)- Southeast Asian Tertiary carbonate reservoirs. Petroconsultants, 2 vols. Lowell, J.D. (1980)- Wrench vs. compressional structures with application to Southeast Asia. SEAPEX Proc. 5, p. 63-70. (Criteria to distinguish between wrench and compressional faults. With examples of compressional faults in Kawengan, NE Java, and wrench structures in Pungut/ Tandun fields in C Sumatra) Lukk, A.A. & V.I. Shevchenko (2008)- Island arcs, deep-sea trenches, and seismofocal zones of Indonesia and the Pacific Ocean; similarity and distinctions. Izvest. Russian Acad. Sci., Physics Solid Earth 44; 2, p. 85-118. (Non-plate tectonic interpretation, suggesting island arcs, deep-sea trenches and seismofocal zones of Indonesia differ from those of Pacific ring proper) Lunt, P. (2003)- Biogeography of some Eocene larger foraminifera, and their application in distinguishing geological plates. Pal. Electronica 6, 1, p.1-22. (online at http://palaeoelectronica.org/paleo/2003_2/geo/issue2_03.htm) (Eocene larger foram assemblages can distinguish between Asian-Pacific-Mediterranean (Pellatispira-Assilina) or Australian- New Guinea (Lacazinella) realms) MacPherson, C.G. & R. Hall (1999)- Tectonic controls of geochemical evolution in arc magmatism of SE Asia. Proc. 4th PACRIM Congr. 1999, Australian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, p. 359- 368. MacPherson, C.G. & R. Hall (2002)- Timing and tectonic controls in the evolving orogen of SE Asia and the western Pacific and some implications for ore generation. In: D.J. Blundell et al. (eds.) The timing and location of major ore deposits in an evolving orogen, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 204, p. 49-67. (Review of SE Asia tectonics and associated mineral deposits)


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Madon, M.B.H. (1999)- Plate tectonic elements and evolution of Southeast Asia. In: Petronas (ed.), The Petroleum Geology and Resources of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p. 61-76. Malaihollo, J.F.A., R. Hall & C.G. MacPherson (2002)- SE Asia radiometric ages: GIS Database. Univ. London report, 16p. (online at: http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/seasia/ages/SEAsia_GIS.pdf) Marks, P. (1956)- Indonesia. In: L. Dubertret (ed.) Lexique Stratigraphique International III, 7, Int. Geol. Congress, Stratigraphy Commision, Paris, p. 5-241. Marks, P. (1957)- Stratigraphic lexicon of Indonesia. Indonesia Geol. Survey, Publ. Keilmuan 31, Ser. Geol., p. 1-242. (Reprint of Marks 1956 paper; see also 1961 Atlas) (Useful overview of Indonesian formation names and characteristics. Updated and expanded version by Harahap et al. 2003) Marks, P./ Geological Survey of Indonesia (1961)- Stratigraphic lexicon of Indonesia- Atlas. Indonesia Geol. Survey, Publ. Keilmuan 31A, Ser. Geol., p. 1-135. (Compilation of location maps of type areas of stratigraphic formations, some with cross-sections) Martin, K. (1883)- Die wichstigen Daten unserer geologischen Kenntniss vom Niederlandisch Ost-Indischen Archipel. Bijdragen Land- Taal Volk. van Ned.Indie, 6th Int. Congr. Orientalisten, Leiden 1883, p. 17-32. (Brief overview of geological knowledge and ages of rocks of Indonesian islands, as known in 1883) Martin, K. (1903)- Reisen in den Molukken, in Ambon, den Uliassern, Seran (Ceram) und Buru. Leiden, E.J. Brill, 296 p. ('Travels in the Moluccas, in Ambon, the Uliassers, Seram and Buru'. Early report of 1891-1892 geological investigations on E Indonesia islands) Martin, K. (1907)- Eene bijdrage tot de geologische geschiedenis van den Indischen archipel. Handelingen 9th Natuurk. Geneesk. Congres Nederland 1907, p. 56-75. (‘A contribution to the geological history of the Indies Archipelago’) Martin, K. (1907)- Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Frage nach der Entstehung des ostindischen Archipels. Geogr. Zeitschr. 13, 8, p. 425-438. ('A second contribution to the development of the East Indies archipelago') Martin, K. (1907)- Mesozoisches Land und Meer im indischen Archipel. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal.1907, 1, p. 107-130. (‘Mesozoic land and sea in the Indies Archipelago’. Early discussion of Mesozoic paleogeography of Indonesia. No maps or figures) Martini, R. (2007)- An overview of Upper Triassic carbonate deposits of Indonesia: palaeogeographic and geodynamic implications. 5th Swiss Geoscience Meeting, Geneve, 16th-17th November, p. 201-202. (Upper Triassic carbonates around Banda Sea (Sinta Ridge, C-E Sulawesi, Buru, Seram, Misool and off NW Australia (Wombat Plateau, W Timor). In Upper Triassic, Seram-Buru and Sulawesi/ Kolonodale Block two separate entities, former located in more tropical position. Seram-Buru Block originated from Irian Jaya area, Kolonodale Block (E Sulawesi) from Australian NW Shelf/ Argo Abyssal Plain. No clear similarities between Triassic of Timor and Papua-New Guinea, NW coast of Australia, Wombat Plateau. Allochthonous Triassic of Timor sedimentary evolution different from that of Australian margin and microcontinents of Banda Sea) Martodjojo, S. & Djuhaeni (1996)- Sandi stratigrafi Indonesia. Komisi SSI-IAGI, Jakarta, 25p. (Stratigraphic code of Indonesia) Masters, C.D. (1981)- Assessment of conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of Indonesia. Open-File Rept. U.S. Geol. Survey, p.


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Matsubayashi, O. & T. Nagao (1991)- Compilation of heat flow in the Southeast Asia. In: V. Cermak & L. Rybach (eds.) Terrestrial heat flow and lithosphere structure, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, p. 444-456. Matsubayashi, O. & T. Nagao (1991)- Heat flow measurements in Southeast Asia and their geophysical implications- a review. CCOP Techn. Publ. 24 (25th Anniv. Vol.), p. 140-155. McCaffrey, R. (1996)- Slip partitioning at convergent plate boundaries of SE Asia. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of SE Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 3-18. (Active tectonics of Sumatra, Philippines, New Guinea fold-and thrust belt, Huon-Finisterre collision, and San Cristobal trench can be understood in terms of upper plate deformation associated with oblique convergence. W Java may also exhibit partitioning of oblique subduction. Structures accommodating normal and shear components of motion often very close. Arc-parallel strain rates estimated for forearcs of region) McDivitt, J.F. (1989)- Overview of mineral development in Indonesia. Geol. Indonesia (J. Assoc. Indon. Geol. IAGI) 12 (Katili volume), 1, p. 327-343. (Brief historic overview of mining in Indonesia until 1988. Little or no detail on geology, areas or projects) Merritts, D., R. Eby, R.A. Harris, R.L. Edwards & H. Cheng (1998)- Variable rates of Late Quaternary surface uplift along the Banda Arc- Australian collision zone, eastern Indonesia. In: I.S. Stewart & C. Vita-Finzi (eds.) Coastal Tectonics, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 146, p. 213-224. (Radiometrically dated emergent coral terraces from SE Indonesia provide estimates of vertical strain in Banda Arc-continent collision complex. Rote uplift 170m in last ~125,000 years. Late Quaternary surface uplift rates vary significantly along strike of Banda orogen. Vertical displacement rates greatest in young parts of orogen where shelf-slope break recently has been underthrust beneath orogenic wedge, as at Rote, and in older parts of orogen where retroarc thrust faulting occurs, as at Alor island) Michel, G.W., M. Becker, D. Angermann, C. Reigber & E. Reinhart (2000)- Crustal motion in E- and SE-Asia from GPS measurements. Earth Planets Space 52, 10, p. 713-720. (online at: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS//pdf/5210/52100713.pdf) (GPS measurements across SE Asia show differential plate motions. Sundaland-South China is stable tectonic block, decoupled from Eurasia, moving S relative to India and Australia) Michel, G.W., Y.Q. Yu, S.Y. Zhu, C. Reigber, M. Becker, E. Reinhart, W. Simons et al. (2001)- Crustal motion and block behaviour in SE Asia from GPS measurements. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 187, p. 239-244. (Sundaland stable tectonic block, moving E rel. to Eurasia at ~12 mm/yr; moves S rel. to India and Australia) Milsom, J. (1999)- Arc-continent collision in SE Asia: Eastern Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. London University SE Asia Research Group, Report 201, 32p. (Arc-continent collisions taking place today in NE New Guinea and E Indonesia and Taiwan, all started between 7- 3 Ma. Evidence of older collisions in E Indonesia and New Guinea) Milsom, J. (2000)- Stratigraphic constraints on suture models for Eastern Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, p. 761-779. (N and S Banda Sea basins are Late Cenozoic extensional features. Stratigraphic columns from surrounding islands suggest three separate groups (1) Sundaland margin (SW Sulawesi, Sumba) (2) Birds Head/ Sula Spur; with Late Paleozoic granites similar to central PNG; and (3) Banda Association (Buton, Buru, Seram, W Kai, Banda ridges, E Sulawesi; rifted from Gondwanaland in Jurassic) Milsom, J. (2001)- Subduction in eastern Indonesia: how many slabs? Tectonophysics 338, 2, p. 167-178. (Seismicity associated with arc-continent collision in E Indonesia testifies to past N-directed subduction of Indian Ocean lithosphere beneath Banda Sea. Shallow-intermediate seismicity around Banda Arc supports subduction of two separate slabs, but between 150- 500 km continuous 'shoehorn' shape. This shape confirms presence of subducted lithosphere beneath Seram in N, as well as beneath Timor in S. This is incompatible with


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subduction of two unconnected plates, and implies rapid E-wards retreat of subduction trace ('roll-back') across a now vanished N remnant of Indian Ocean) Milsom, J. (2003)- Forearc ophiolites: a view from the western Pacific. In: Y. Dilek & P.T. Robinson (eds.) Ophiolites in earth history. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 218, p. 507-515. (Review of ophiolites in New Guinea and farther East) Milsom, J. (2003) The shape of subduction in Eastern Indonesia. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Newsl., March 2003, p. 10-14. Milsom, J. & M.G. Audley-Charles (1986)- Post-collision isostatic readjustment in the Southern Banda Arc. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 19, p. 351-364. (Late Miocene-Mid-Pliocene compression resulted in emplacement from N of large thrust sheets on deformed Australian margin near Timor. During last 3 Ma compression unimportant but vertical movements common and rapid. In N Timor and volcanic arc, uplift is occurring where gravity data suggest there should be subsidence. Possible explanation of high gravity values is cold, dense, subducted slab which is now sinking independently after rupture near continental margin. Because of rupture, sinking slab no longer exerts downward pull on overlying lithosphere which now rebounds isostatically) Milsom, J., M.G. Audley-Charles, A.J. Barber & D.J. Carter (1983)- Geological-geophysical paradoxes of the Eastern Indonesia collision zone. In: T.W.C. Hilde & S. Uyeda (eds.) Geodynamics of the western PacificIndonesian region, Amer. Geophys. Union and Geol. Soc. America Geodyn. Ser. 11, p. 401-411. (Geology of Sunda and Banda arcs not all in accord with classic plate tectonic models; many unanswered questions) Milsom, J., D. Masson & G. Nicols (1992)- Three trench endings in Eastern Indonesia. Marine Geol. 104, p. 227-241. Milsom, J. & V. Rocchi (1998)- The long wavelength gravity field in SE Asia. J. Geol. Soc. China, Taipei, 41, 4, p. 489-495. (In SE Asia long wavelength field strongly correlated with anomalously high seismic body wave velocities in mantle due to presence of deep subducted lithosphere. Comparisons with tomography indicate long wavelength field influenced most strongly by mass excesses in lower mantle, below 600 km discontinuity. Gravity patterns suggest subduction zones formerly existed close to present-day E and possibly W coastlines of Borneo and that E-ward extension of active margin of Eurasian Plate to Banda Arc is very recent) Milsom, J., Sardjono & A. Susilo (2001)- Short-wavelength, high-amplitude gravity anomalies around the Banda Sea, and the collapse of the Sulawesi Orogen. Tectonophysics. 333, 1-2, p. 61-74. (High-density ophiolitic rocks outcropping on islands around Banda Sea in many cases associated with strong gravity anomalies and steep gravity gradients. Bouguer gravity levels and gradients over extensive E Sulawesi Ophiolite generally low. Most positive anomalies in Banda Arc due to ophiolites superimposed on steep regional gravity gradient but in W Seram spatial separation between two. On Buru gradient >10 mGal/km suggests presence of shallow, very dense rocks, despite absence of ophiolites in outcrop. Ophiolite distribution on Sulawesi and around Banda Sea compatible with ?Oligocene collision that produced Sulawesi orogen, which collapsed following collision with Australian-derived microcontinent) Milsom, J., J. Thurow & D. Roques (2000)- Hydrocarbon source rocks and the paleogeography of Eastern Indonesia. SEAPEX Press, 3, 4, p. 42-44, 49. (On Late Triassic bituminous marine shales from Buton, E Sulawesi, Buru, Seram) Mitchell, A.H.G. (1977)- Tectonic settings for emplacement of Southeast Asian tin granites. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 9, p. 123-140. (Most tin-bearing granitic rocks in SE Asia in one of three main belts: (1) Late Carboniferous- E Triassic East Belt (tin-bearing, emplaced in continental crust of E Malaya- E Central Thailand above E-dipping Benioff


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zone); (2) Late Triassic Central Belt ('Indosinian orogeny' syn-collisional granites during collision of 'Sibumasu' (W Malaya, etc.); and (3) Western belt with widespread late Cretaceous-E Eocene plutons (emplaced in W zone above E-dipping Benioff zone)) Mitchell, A.H.G. (1984)- Initiation of subduction by post-collision foreland thrusting and back-thrusting. J. Geodynamics 1, 2, p. 103-120. (Ages of subduction zones bordering five collisional orogens suggests subduction may have initiated by foreland thrusts and backthrusts. Examples used include N Sunda Arc, Negros trench (Philippines), Timor) Mitchell, A.H.G. (1985)- Collision-related fore-arc and back-arc evolution of the northern Sunda Arc. Tectonophysics 116, p. 323-334. Mohr, E.C.J. (1944)- The soils of equatorial regions with special reference to the Netherlands East Indies. J.W. Edwards, Ann Arbor, 766 p. Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1915)- Folded mountain chains, overthrust sheets and block-faulted mountains in the East Indian archipelago. 12th Int. Geol. Congress, Toronto 1913, p. 689-702. (Island chain from Timor and Babar to Ceram and Buru much alike in geological structure: nucleus of thrustfaulted Permian- Eocene, covered by Neogene-Pleistocene that is not folded but generally uplifted high above sea level. Two main thrust sheets on Timor: lower 'Tethys sheet' (Triassic-Cretaceous oceanic deposits) and upper 'Fatu sheet' (Permian- Eocene in different facies; shallow marine limestones, schists, serpentinites, often found as isolated blocks)) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1922)- Geologie. In: De zeeen van Nederlandsch Oost Indie, Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Brill, Leiden, Chapter 6, p. 272-357. (Geology of the seas of the East Indies Archipelago. Earliest recognition of Pleistocene river channels on Sunda Platform) Monnier, C. (1996)- Mechanismes d’accretion des domaines oceaniques arriere-arc et geodynamique de l’Asie du Sud-Est. These Doct. Univ. Bretagne Occidentale, 605p. ('Accretion mechanisms of oceanic fore-arc domains and geodynamics of SE Asia') Mubroto, B., Sartono & H. Wahyono (1993)- Sebaran arah kemagnetan purba di Indonesia, sekala 1: 5,000,000, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (1:5M scale map compilation of paleomagnetic direction data from Indonesia. Includes Birds Head paleolatitude info for Late Carboniferous Aimau (47˚S), Early Permian Aifat (46˚S), Late Permian Ainim(35˚S), and Late Triassic- Jurassic Tipuma Formations (42˚S; Amiruddin 2009)) Murphy, R.W. (1975)- Tertiary basins of Southeast Asia. Proc. South East Asia Petroleum Expl. Soc. SEAPEX 2, p. 1-36. (46 basins, classified into four types: shelfal, continental margin, archipelagic and marginal seas) Murphy, R.W. (1976)- Pre-Tertiary framework of Southeast Asia. SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1976, 3, p. 1-2. (Abstract only) Murphy, R.W. (1987)- Southeast Asia: a tectonic triptych. In: M.K. Horn (ed.) Trans. 4th Circum Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Singapore 1986, p. 395-400. (SE margin of Eurasia has been compressional margin since Late Paleozoic, onto which dozens of arcs and microcontinents from Gondwanaland accreted. Cenomanian accretion of Meratus ophiolite cuts obliquely across older E-W trending arcs, etc.) Murphy, R.W. (1992)- Southeast Asia: linkage of tectonics, unconformities and hydrocarbons. In: M. Flower, R. McCabe & T. Hilde (eds.) Southeast Asia structure, tectonics and magmatism, Symposium Texas A&M University, College Station, 5 p. (Extended abstract only)


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Murphy, R.W. (1998)- Southeast Asia reconstruction with a non-rotating Cenozoic Borneo. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 85-94. (SE Asia reconstruction, modification of Hall (1996). Sunda and Philippine Sea plates treated as rigid blocks between 50-15 Ma. Borneo CCW rotation, required by paleomagnetic data, probably Late Cretaceous in age) Murphy, R.W. (2002)- Southeast Asia reconstruction with a non-rotating Cenozoic Borneo. SEAPEX Press 5, 3, p. 30-41. Nagao, T. & S. Uyeda (1995)- Heat-flow distribution in Southeast Asia with consideration of volcanic heat. Tectonophysics 251, p. 153-159. Nagao, T., S. Uyeda & O. Matsubayashi (1995)- Overview of heat flow distribution in Asia based on the IHFC compilation with special emphasis on South-east Asia. In: M.L. Gupta & M. Yamano (eds.) Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal energy in Asia, Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 221-238. Nairn, A.E.M., L.E. Ricou, B. Vrielynck & J. Dercourt (1996)- The ocean basins and margins, vol. 8: Tethys. Plenum Press, New York, 530p. (Collection of papers dealing with tectonics, deposits, paleoenvironments of the Tethys Ocean, now consumed in Alpine-Himalayan- SE Asian foldbelts) Nayoan, G.A.S. (1995)- East Indonesia Mesozoic geology: compilation of field data. In: The Mesozoic in the eastern part of Indonesia, Symposium, 9p. Nayoan, G.A.S., Arpandi & M. Siregar (1981)- Tertiary carbonate reservoirs in Indonesia. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Energy Resources of the Pacific region, AAPG Studies in Geol. 12, p. 133-145. (Overview of Mio-Pliocene carbonate distribution in Indonesia) Netherwood, R. (2000)- The petroleum geology of Indonesia, overview of Indonesia’s oil and gas industry. In: Indonesia 2000 Reservoir Optimization Conference, Jakarta, PT Schlumberger Indonesia, p. 174-227. (Elegant overview of Indonesia Tertiary geology, basins and hydrocarbons) Nishimura, S. (ed.) (1980)- Physical geology of Indonesian island arcs. Kyoto University Publ., p. Nishimura, S. (1986)- Neotectonics of East Indonesia. Mem. Geol. Soc. China (Taiwan) 7, p. 107-124. Nishimura, S. (1992)- Tectonic approach to changes in surface water circulation between the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. In: R. Tsuchi & J.C. Ingle (eds.) Pacific Neogene- environment, evolution and events. Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 157-167. (SE Asia paleogeographic maps at 3, 17, 25 Ma) Nishimura, S. & S. Suparka (1986)- Tectonic development of East Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 1, 1, p. 45-57. (Outer non-volcanic arc in E Indonesia formed as a marginal part of the Australian continent in S hemisphere before Upper Jurassic. Timor and Sumba did not reach present positions until M Miocene or later. Ambonites on Wetar date time of collision between Australian Plate and proto- Banda Arc at 3 Ma, etc.) Nishimura, S. & S. Suparka (1990)- Tectonics of East Indonesia. Tectonophysics 181, p. 257-266. (Models of tectonic evolution of E Indonesia, with reconstructions of 4 and 17 Ma) Nishimura, S. & S. Suparka (1997)- Tectonic approach to the Neogene evolution of Pacific-Indian Ocean seaways. Tectonophysics 281, p. 1-16. (Mainly summary of activities of IGCP project 355. Paleomagnetic work on Sumatra suggests 62° CW rotation between Triassic and E Tertiary. Diagrammatic SE Asia reconstructions of 40, 25, 17 and 3 Ma, with


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implications for circulation of Indo-Pacific region. Neogene Indonesian seaway effectively closed in early M Miocene (17-15 Ma) and completely severed by ~6 Ma, preventing interchange between surface water of tropical Pacific and Indian oceans) Noble, R.A., A. Argenton & C.A. Caughey (eds.) (2004)- Proceedings International Geoscience Conference on deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 2004, Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 545p. Norvick, M.S. (2002)- The tectono-stratigraphic history of the northern margins of the Australian Plate from the Carnarvon Basin to Papua New Guinea. In: M. Keep & S. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. W Australian Basin Symposium, p. 963-964. Norvick, M.S., G.K. Westbrook, N.S. Haile & D.J. Blundell (1979)- The tectonic history of the Banda Arcs, eastern Indonesia: a review. J. Geol. Soc., London, 136, p. 519-527. (Discussion of collision of Australian continent with East Sunda- Banda island arcs, back arc Banda Basin, back arc thrusting, etc. Banda Basin probably formed as slices of N New Guinea were transported W with Pacific plate and collided with island arc in E Sulawesi) Nugroho, H., R. Harris, A.W. Lestariya & B. Maruf (2009)- Plate boundary reorganization in the active Banda Arc-continent collision: insights from new GPS measurements. Tectonophysics, 479, 1-2, p. 52-65. (GPS velocities suggest three Sunda Arc-forearc regions, ~500 km long, with different amounts of coupling to Australian Plate. Movements relative to SE Asia increases from 21% to 41% to 63% E-ward. Regions bounded by deformation front to S, Flores-Wetar backarc thrust system to N and poorly defined structures on sides. Suture zone between NW Australian margin and Sunda-Banda Arcs still evolving with more than 20 mm/yr of movement measured across Timor Trough between Timor and Australia) Okabe, A., T. Ohtaki, I. Purwana, S. Kaneshima & K. Kanjo (2004)- Surface wave tomography for Southeastern Asia using IRIS-FARM and JISNET data. Physics Earth Planet. Int. 146, p. 101-112. (Tomography data of SE Asia generally uses global seismic data. Japan-Indonesia Seismic NETwork (JISNET) seismic stations in C to W Indonesia used to better understand seismic structure of area. Claim better resolution data, but poorly illustrated: small, low resolution time slices, no cross sections) Packham, G.H. (1990)- Plate motions and Southeast Asia: some tectonic consequences for basin development. Proc. Southeast Asia Petroleum Association (SEAPEX) 9, 8th Offshore SEA Asia Conf., Singapore, p. 55-68. Packham, G.H. (1993)- Plate tectonics and the development of sedimentary basins of the dextral regime in western Southeast Asia. In: B. Tan (ed.) Proc. 7th Conf. Geology, Mineral and Energy Res. SE Asia (GEOSEA VII), J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 497-511. (Present regime of oblique subduction in SE Asia initiated in M Eocene. Resulting dextral shear drove basin genesis and development. Effects identified from Malay Basin to C Thailand in East. Late Eocene-Oligocene phase formed rifts in C Sumatra, later spreading N to Mergui Basin and S to Sunda Basin. In Oligocene, dextral shear initiated Thailand basins and Malay Basin. Subsidence- extension continued until late M Miocene. Late Oligocene-E Miocene back arc basins subsidence extended out from initial rifts possibly due to withdrawal of heat beneath basins by cold subducted slab. Transpressional deformation started in Sumatra basins in M Miocene and continued through Late Miocene- Pliocene, resulting in uplift of Barisan Mts. Sumatra forearc transferred to Burma Plate with establishment of dextral Sumatra FZ in Pliocene) Packham, G.H. (1996)- Cenozoic SE Asia: reconstructing its and reorganization. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 106, p. 123-152 (Cenozoic SE Asia three major tectonic events: collision of India- Eurasia, rotational history of Philippine Sea plate and ongoing collision of Australia with E Indonesia. Models of Eocene India-Eurasia collision imply extrusion along major strike-slip faults or crustal thickening and block rotation) Packham, G., D.A. Falvey & R.D. Shaw (1991)- Southeast Asia Tectonics. Petroconsultants Non-exclusive Report. (Unpublished)


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Panggabean, D.R., L.D. Setijadji & I. W.Warmada (2011)- Variability of heavy minerals in quartz sand deposited within Mesozoic granitoid belt in Western Indonesia. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-444, 13p. (Different heavy mineral assemblages from Mesozoic granites of Sumatera, Bangka and Kalimantan. With overview of Mesozoic granites in W Indonesia) Panggabean, H., D. Sukarna & E. Rusmana (2007)- The introduction of regional Cretaceous geology in Indonesia. In: Paleoclimates in Asia during the Cretaceous, IGCP Project 507, Contr. 1, p. 79-97. Patra Nusa Data (2009)- Indonesia Basin Summaries. PND, Jakarta, 465 p.g Paul, D.D. & H.M. Lian (1975)- Offshore Tertiary basins of Southeast Asia, Bay of Bengal to South China Sea. Proc. 9th World Petroleum Conf., Tokyo, p. 107-121. Peck, J.M. & B. Soulhol (1986)- Pre-Tertiary tensional periods and their effects on the petroleum potential of Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 341-369. PERTAMINA (1986)- The geology and exploration history of the oil basinal areas in Indonesia. Schlumberger Formation Evaluation Conf., Indonesia, 1986, p. 1-67. PERTAMINA/BEICIP (1978)- Petroleum potential of Western Indonesia. 137p. (Unpublished multi-client study) PERTAMINA/BEICIP (1982)- Petroleum potential of Eastern Indonesia. 226p. + Atlas. (Unpublished multiclient study) PERTAMINA/BEICIP (1985)- Hydrocarbon potential of Western Indonesia, 2nd Ed., 239 p. + Atlas (Unpublished multi-client study) PERTAMINA & BEICIP-FRANLAB (1995)- Regional seismic profiles through Indonesian basins. p. 148-196. PERTAMINA-BEICIP-FRANLAB (1992)- Global geodynamics, basin classification and exploration play types in Indonesia. Vol. I (plates 1-135), Vol. II (plates 136-270) (Unpublished multi-client study) PERTAMINA-BEICIP-FRANLAB (1996)- Global geodynamics, basin classification and exploration play types in Indonesia,Vol. 3 Addendum, 43 plates (Unpublished multi-client study). PERTAMINA/CORE LAB (1998)- The petroleum geology and hydrocarbon potential of the foreland basin areas of Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea. 4 volumes. (Unpublished multi-client study) PERTAMINA/SPT Simon Petroleum Technology (1992)- Eastern Indonesia: biostratigraphy, geochemistry and petroleum geology. p. (Unpublished multi-client study) Peters, S.G. (2007)- The distribution of major copper deposits in the Southeast Asia region. Proc. 42nd CCOP Ann. Sess., Beijing 2005, 2, p. 55-59. (online at: http://www.ccop.or.th/download/pub/42as_ii.pdf) Petroconsultants Australasia (G. Packham & R. Shaw) (1991)- Southeast Asian tectonics. Book + maps (Unpublished multi-client study) Petroconsultants (M. Longman) (1993)- Southeast Asian carbonate reservoirs. 2 vols. (Unpublished, major review study)


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Peucker, E.B. & M.W. Miller (2004)- Quantitative bedrock geology of East and Southeast Asia. Geochem., Geoph., Geosyst. 5, AGU, p. (Quantitative analyis the area-age distribution of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rock outcrops, based on 1997 CCOP digital surface geology maps of E and SE Asia. Sedimentary rocks 73.3%, volcanic rocks 8.5%, plutonic rocks 8.8%, ultramafic rocks 0.9% and metamorphic rocks cover 8.6% of surface area) Pigram, C.J. & H. Panggabean (1984)- Rifting of the northern margin of the Australian continent and the origin of some microcontinents in Eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 107, 3-4, p. 331-353. (Classic paper comparing New Guinea Mesozoic rift-drift stratigraphies to E Indonesian microcontinents like Buton, Buru-Seram and Banggai-Sula. New Guinea N margin rifting began at ~230 Ma. Onset of seafloor spreading, marked by post-breakup unconformity, ranges in age from 185 Ma in PNG to 170 Ma in Irian Jaya and continues to young in SW direction along W margin of Australian continent. By end Jurassic N margin of Australian continent faced seaway which linked proto-Indian and proto-Pacific oceans, which was separated from pre-existing Neo-Tethys and Panthalassa oceans by microcontinents, now preserved in E Indonesia. Banggai-Sula and Buton rifted off PNG side of margin, Birds Head closer ties to N Queensland, NE Australia) Prasetyo, H. (1995)- Structural and tectonic development of Eastern Indonesia. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 204-232. (Useful overview of E Indonesia tectonics) Prawirodirdjo, L. & Y. Bock (2004)- Instantaneous global plate motion model from 12 years of continuous GPS observations, J. Geophys. Res. 109, B08405, doi:10.1029/2003JB002944, 15 p. (Global GPS plate motions model) Price, N.J. & M.G. Audley-Charles (1987)- Tectonic collision processes after plate rupture. Tectonophysics 140, p.121-129. (Rupture of continental plate subducted below forearc produces fold- thrust mountain belt with fast overthrusting of nappes. Post-rupture plate unflexing provides mechanism for foreland basin formation. Accounts for origin of Timor Trough, its imbrication and contemporaneous extension in outer arc, as well as reversal of subduction direction after the emplacement of nappes) Prouteau, G. (1999)- Contribution des produits de fusion de la croute oceanique subductee au magmatisme d'arc: exemples du Sud-Est Asiatique et approche experimentale. Doct. Thesis Universite de Brest, 264p. (‘Contribution of slab melts to arc magmatism : examples from South-East Asia and experimental approach’. Adakitic magmas product of melting of basaltic oceanic crust. Examples from Philippines and Borneo) Pubellier, M., J. Ali & C. Monnier (2003)- Cenozoic plate interaction of the Australia and Philippine Sea Plates: "hit-and-run" tectonics. Tectonophysics 363, 3-4, p. 181-199. (NW New Guinea at least two marginal basins of different age, both formed in back-arc settings. Older basin opened between M Jurassic- E Cretaceous, a remnant of which is now preserved as New Guinea Ophiolite. Its obduction started at 40 Ma and emplaced on Australian margin at ~30 Ma. Younger basin active in OligoceneM Miocene and obducted in E Pliocene. W edge of Philippine Sea also hitherto unexplained Oligocene deformation of Philippine arc. Extensive area of oceanic crust extended Australian Plate N of craton. As Australia began N-ward drift in E Eocene, this lithosphere was subducted. Thus, the portion of the Philippine Sea Plate carrying Taiwan-Philippine Arc to present site may have actually been in contact with ophiolite now in New Guinea and obduction led to deformation of Philippine Sea Plate. Neogene Plate kinematics transported deformed belt in contact with Sunda block in Late Miocene-Pliocene) Pubellier M., A. Deschamps, A. Loevenbruck et al. (2001)- How plate kinematics creates and sweeps away supra subduction ophiolites? EOS Trans. AGU, 82, 47, Fall Mtg. Suppl (Abstract) Pubellier, M. & F. Ego (2004)- Geodynamic terrane map of Asia. CGMW and UNESCO.


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Pubellier M., F. Ego, N. Chamot-Rooke & C. Rangin (2003)- The building of pericratonic mountain ranges: structural and kinematic constraints applied to GIS-based reconstructions of SE Asia. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 174, 6, p. 561-584. (Nice set of Indonesia cross-sections and reconstructions back to 20 Ma; part of DOTSEA project) Pubellier, M. & F. Meresse (2012)- Phanerozoic growth of Asia; geodynamic processes and evolution. J. Asian Earth Sci., p. (in press) (On Tertiary accretion processes in SE Asia) Pubellier, M., C. Monnier, R. Maury & R. Tamayo (2004)- Plate kinematics, origin and tectonic emplacement of supra-subduction ophiolites in SE Asia. Tectonophysics 392, p. 9-36. (Majority of SE Asia ophiolites originated in backarc or island arc settings along edge of Sunda (Eurasia) and Australian cratons, or within Philippine Sea Plate. Ophiolites accreted to continental margins during Tertiary. Relatively autochthonous ophiolites" resulting from shortening of marginal basins like S China Sea or Coral Sea, and "highly displaced ophiolites" developed in oblique convergent margins. Some ophiolites in front of Sunda plate represent supra-subduction zone basins formed along Australian Craton margin in Mesozoic) Pubellier, M., C. Rangin, X. Le Pichon and DOTSEA Working Group (2005)- DOTSEA Deep offshore tectonics of South East Asia: a synthesis of deep marine data in Southeast Asia. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, n.s., 176, 32p. + CD. (SE Asia kinematic reconstructions back to 20 Ma. Rel. detailed maps and discussion of E Sunda margin (Philippines to N Sulawesi), S Sunda margin (Sumatra forearc) and S China Sea- Vietnam margin) Pudjowalujo, H. (1981)- Copper exploration in Indonesia. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 209-317. Pulunggono, A. (1976)- Tertiary carbonates distribution and oil potential in Indonesia. Proc. Carbonate Seminar Jakarta 1976, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Spec. Vol., p. 6-13. Pulunggono, A. (1985)- The changing pattern of ideas on Sundaland within the last hundred years, its implications to oil exploration. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc 1, p. 347-378. (History of Sundaland tectonic interpretations. Sundaland is mosaic of microplates, initially accreted in Late Triassic. Zone of weakness between rigid microplates in Sumatra locus of extensional tectonism, high heatflow and subsequent compression, which lead to optium conditions for the generation and trapping of Tertiary oils) Purnomo Prijosoesilo, Y. Sunarya & A. Wahab (1993)- Recent progress of geological investigations in Indonesia.. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, 1-4, p. 5-23. (Generic overview of Indonesian mineral resources, hydrocarbons, geothermal prospects, etc.) Puspito, N.T. & K. Shimazaki (1995) Mantle structure and seismotectonics of the Sunda and Banda arcs. Tectonophysics, 251, p. 215-228. Puspito, N.T., Y. Yamanaka, T. Miyatake, K. Shimazaki & K. Hirahara (1993)- Three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the Indonesian region. Tectonophysics 220, p. 175-192. (Early P-wave seismic tomography imaging study of Indonesian region) Qiu, Y. & B. Zhang (2000)- Eastern extension of the Paleotethys in southern China. Zhongquo Quyu Dizhi (Regional Geology of China), Beijing, 19, 2, p. 175-180. (E section of Paleotethys suture extends from Qinghai-Tibet to W Yunnan, S to Putong, Changning-Menglian, Uttarradit and Bentong-Raub, through Kalimantan (Kuching), Palawan, Luzon, Taiwan and Japan. Present ‘U’ shape of suture zone caused by N-moving Indian plate, S China Sea spreading and W-pushing Philippine Sea plate since 45 Ma. Restored Paleotethys suture orienteded E-W from Late Cretaceous- Early Cenozoic)


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Rangin C. (1994)- Tectonics of Cenozoic sedimentary basins in SE Asia. In: F. Roure, N. Ellouz, S. Shein & I. Skvortsov (eds.) Geodynamic evolution of sedimentary basins, Int. Symp., Moscow, p. 351-367. Rangin, C., L. Jolivet, M. Pubellier and Tethys working group (1990)- A simple model for the tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia and Indonesia region for the past 43 m.y. Bull. Soc. Geol. France (8), 6, p. 889-905. (Set of paleotectonic reconstructions since M Eocene (43 Ma), showing steps in convergence of Sundaland, Philippine Sea Plate and Australia-New Guinea plate) Rangin, C., X. Le Pichon, S. Mazzotti, M. Pubellier, N. Chamot-Rooke, M. Aurelio, A. Walpersdorf & R. Quebral (1999)- Plate convergence measured by GPS across the Sundaland-Philippine Sea Plate deformed boundary (Philippines and eastern Indonesia). Geophys. J. Int., 139, p. 296-316. (W boundary of Philippine Sea Plate (PH) wide deformation zone that includes stretched continental margin of Sundaland, Philippine Mobile Belt and continental blocks around PH-Australia-Sunda triple junction. 80% of PH-Sunda convergence absorbed in Molucca Sea double subduction system and <20% along continental margins of N Borneo. In triple junction between Sundaland, PH and Australia plates, from Sulawesi to Irian Jaya, preferential subduction of Celebes Sea induces CW rotation of Sulu block, which is escaping toward Celebes Sea from E-ward-advancing PH Plate. Undeformed Banda block rotates CCW with respect to Australia and CW with respect to Sundaland. Kinematics of this block enabled to compute rates of S-ward subduction of Banda block in Flores Trench and E-ward convergence of Makassar Straits with Banda block. Deformation compatible with E-ward motion of Sundaland with respect to Eurasia determined by GEODYSSEA, not with assumption that Sundaland belongs to Eurasia) Rangin, C. & M. Pubellier (2000)- Late Cenozoic reconstructions in SE Asia; new GPS and tomographic constraints. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000, 5p. (extended abstract) Rangin, C., M. Pubellier, J. Azema, A. Briais, P. Chotin, H. Fontaine et al. (1990)- The quest for Tethys in the western Pacific; eight paleogeodynamic maps for Cenozoic time. Bull. Soc. Geol. France (8), 6, p. 907-913. (Eight geodynamic reconstructions maps Early Tertiary- Present. All marginal basins opened in Cenozoic, after complete closure of Tethys. Final Tethys suture traced from S Sumatra-C Java, Meratus Range in Borneo to W Philippines) Rangin C., M. Pubellier & L. Jolivet (1989)- Collision entre les marges de l'Eurasie et de l'Australie: un processus de fermeture des bassins marginaux du Sud-Est Asiatique. C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris 309, p. 1223-1229. ('Collision between the margins of Earasia and Australia: a process of closing of marginal basins of SE Asia') Rangin, C., W. Spakman, M. Pubellier & H. Bijwaard (1999)- Tomographic and geological constraints on subduction along the eastern Sundaland continental margin (South-East Asia). Bull. Soc.Geol. France 170, 6, p. 775-788. (Tomographic model suggest rel. continuous active margin from Taiwan to Java before collision of Banda Block with Sundaland in M Miocene. N dipping slab below Timor- Banda Arc reflects new subduction after this collision (12- 0 Ma). Shortening within Sunda Block accommodated by subduction of SE Asia marginal basins that opened in Paleogene. Closure of Sulu and Celebes basins is recent, whereas subduction of Proto-South China Sea marked by 300 km long slab below Borneo) Ranneft, T.S.M. (1972)- The effects of continental drift on the petroleum geology of W Indonesia. Australian Petrol. Explor. Assoc. J. 2, p. 55-63. Reksalegora, W. & Djumhani (1973)- Metallic mineral deposits of Indonesia. In: N.H. Fisher (ed.) Metallic provinces and mineral deposits in the Southwest Pacific, Australian Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph. Bull. 141, p. 59-67. Replumaz, A, H. Karason, R.D. van der Hilst, J. Besse & P. Tapponnier (2004)- 4-D evolution of SE Asia’s mantle from geological reconstructions and seismic tomography. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 221, p.103-115.


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(Reconstructions of SE Asia block motions from India to Taiwan since ~50 Ma from tomography of subducted lithosphere) Replumaz, A., A.M. Negredo, S. Guillot & A. Villaseñor (2010)- Multiple episodes of continental subduction during India/Asia convergence: insight from seismic tomography and tectonic reconstruction. Tectonophysics 483, p. 125-134 Replumaz, A. & P. Tapponier (2003)- Reconstruction of the deformed collision zone between India and Asia by backward motion of lithospheric blocks. J. Geoph. Res. 108, B6, p. 101029-101053. (Reconstructions of SE Asia block motions from India to Taiwan since ~50 Ma) Richards, S., G. Lister & B. Kennett (2007)- A slab in depth: three-dimensional geometry and evolution of the Indo-Australian Plate. Geochem. Geoph. Geosyst. 8, 12, Q12003, doi:10.1029/2007GC001657, 17p. (3D image of the subducted Indo-Australian plate below SE Asia and show geometry of subducted slab at depth is related to geometric evolution of SE Asia over past 50 Ma. Once semi-continuous subducting Indo-Australian plate segmented during collision between India, Australia and subduction margin to N. Complexities and evolution of subducted plate are manifest in evolution of overriding plate.) Richter, B.W. (1996)- The Tertiary tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia; insights from paleomagnetism and plate reconstructions. Ph.D. Thesis University of California, Santa Barbara, 247 p. Richter, B. & M. Fuller (1996)- Palaeomagnetism of the Sibumasu and Indochina blocks- implications for the extrusion tectonic model. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 203-224. (Paleomagnetic data implications for extrusion tectonic model: (1) Sundaland only rotated 25-30° CW relative to S China during Tertiary; (2) SE-ward translation only 300-500 km; and (3) Sundaland composed of smaller sub-blocks, some of which moved N. This indicates deformation of Sibumasu dominated by oblique Indian Ocean Plate subduction, while deformation of Indochina dominated by extrusion, driven by Indian Craton) Richter, B., I. Norton, E. Schmidtke & M. Fuller (1992)- Paleomagnetic rotations from Southeast Asiaimplications for tectonic reconstructions of Sundaland. In: M. Flower et al. (conv.) Southeast Asia structure, tectonics and magmatism, Texas A&M University Symposium, College Station 1992. 3p. (Abstract only) (Paleomagnetic data from Thailand- E Myanmar ~45° CW rotation since Cretaceous. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, SW Sulawesi and Celebes Sea mainly CCW declinations) Ritsema, A.R. (1952)- Over diepe aardbevingen in de Indische Archipel. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. Utrecht, 132 p. (Study of 22 intermediate and deep earthquakes, only 2 with good data. No sweeping discoveries) Ritsema, A.R. (1953)- New seismicity maps of the Banda Sea. J. Sci. Res. Indonesia. 2, 2, p. 48-54. Ritsema, A.R. (1953)- Some new data about earthquake movements at great depth in the Indonesian Archipelago. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 109, p. 34-40. (In Indonesia shallow earthquakes widely distributed. Deeper earthquakes in narrower, rel. linear belts with deeper ones epicenters farther into Asian continent) Ritsema, A.R. (1954)- The seismicity of the Sunda Arc in space and time. Indon. J. Natural Sci. 110, p. 41-49. Ritsema, A.R. (1956)- The seismicity of the Sunda Arc in space and time. Proc. 8th Pacific Sci. Congr. 1953, IIa, p. 753-765. Ritsema, A.R. (1957)- Earthquake-generating stress systems in SE Asia. Bull. Seismol. Soc. America 47, 3, p. 267-278.


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(Data from 28 earthquakes in SEAsia between 1934-1954 suggest that crustal-depth earthquakes are dominated by transcurrent movements, at intermediate depths mainly reverse fault movements and at deep levels mainly normal fault movements) Robertson Research/ Simon PT /PERTAMINA (1992)- Eastern Indonesia: biostratigraphy, geochemistry and petroleum geology. Multi-client study, p. Robertson Research Int. (1998)- Global play fairways and petroleum systems: Eastern Indonesia. Multi-client study, p. .. (Comprehensive hydrocarbon systems study Eastern Indonesia) Robertson Utama Indonesia/ Horizon (2001)- Eastern Indonesia palaeogeography and sequence stratigraphy studies. Unpubl. Multi-client study, 107 p. + Encl. Robertson/ Fugro (2006)- Cenozoic isopach of Southeast Asia. Unpubl. Multi-client study, 8p + map Rodnikova, R.D. (1986)- Geodynamics and petroleum formation in the sedimentary basins of Southeast Asia. Int. Geol. Rev. 28, 4, p. 435-443. Royden, L.H. & L. Husson (2009)- Subduction with variations in slab buoyancy: models and application to the Banda and Apennine systems. In: S. Lallemand & F. Funiciello (eds.) Subduction zone geodynamics, Springer Verlag Berlin, p. 35- 45. (Variations in buoyancy of subducting lithosphere control subduction rate, slab dip and position of volcanic arc. More buoyant slab segments correlate with slower subduction rates and steeper slab dip. In Banda and S Apennine subduction systems subduction slowed and ended shortly after entry of continental lithosphere into trench. Time period of ~10 m.y. needed for model subduction rates to slow to near zero, longer than ~3 m.y. observed in Banda systems. Possible explanation is slab break-off or formation of large slab windows during the last stages of subduction allowing slab to steepen rapidly into final position) Rutherford, K.J. & M.K. Qureshi (1981)- Geothermal gradient map of Southeast Asia, 2nd Ed.. SE Asia Petrol. Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX) and Indon. Petrol. Assoc. (IPA), 51 p. Rutten, L.M.R. (1923)- Cuba, The Antilles and the Southern Moluccas. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 25, 7-8, p. 263-274. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014881.pdf) (Similarities between the Antilles and Southern Moluccas islands chains already noted by Wichmann (1887), Martin (1890), etc. In both areas Mesozoic and Tertiary radiolarian deposits. No good maps, etc.) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie. J.B. Wolters, Groningen, p. 1-839. (Classic, comprehensive lecture series, summarizing 1927 state of knowledge of ‘East Indies’ geology) Rutten, L.M.R. (ed.) (1929)- Science in the Netherlands Indies. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, p. 1-432. Rutten, L.M.R. (1932)- De geologie van Nederlands Indie. Van Stockum, The Hague, p. 1-216. (‘The geology of Netherlands Indies’. Concise, early textbook on the geology of Indonesia) Rutten, L.M.R. (1949)- Frequency and periodicity of orogenetic movements. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 60, p. 1755-1770. Rutten, M.G. (1952)- Geosynclinal subsidence versus glacially controlled movements in Java and Sumatra. Geol. Mijnbouw 14, 6, p. 201-220. Saint-Marc, P., F. Paltrinieri & B. Situmorang (1977)- Le Cenozoique d'Indonesie occidentale. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 19, 1, p. 125-134.


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(‘The Cenozoic of Western Indonesia’) Salahudin, M. et al. (2007)- Map of sedimentary basins of Indonesia, 1:5 million. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung. Samuel, L., Purwoko, J. Purnomo, A.J. Bertagne & N.G. Smith (1994)- Results from interpretation of regional transects in Central Indonesia. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 4, p. 261-266. Samuel, L., Purwoko, J. Purnomo, A.J. Bertagne & N.G. Smith (1996)- Results from interpretation of regional transects in Central Indonesia. The Leading Edge, 15, 4, p. 261-266 (+ Errata, p. 720). (Example of N-S megaregional seismic line from S of Lombok to East Borneo) Samuel, L. & L. Gultom (1984)- Daur pengendapan dicekungan-cekungan minyak, Indonesia Barat. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 11, 1, p. 14-23. (‘Sedimentation cycles in western Indonesian basins’. Four main sedimentary cycles in Eocene- Recent of Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan) Sander, N.J., W.E. Humphrey & J.F. Mason (1975)- Tectonic framework of Southeast Asia and Australasia: its significance in the occurrence of petroleum. Proc. 9th World Petroleum Congress, Tokyo 1975, 9, 3, p. 83-105. Sandiford, M. (2010)- Complex subduction. Nature Geoscience 3, p. 518-520. (Mainly brief review of Spakman & Hall (2010) on how Banda arc is formed above single horseshoe-shaped subducted slab, reflecting slab rollback. Large intermediate-depth earthquakes may reflect rupturing of slab) Sano, S., M. Untung & K. Fujii (1978)- Some gravity features of island arcs of Java and Japan and their tectonic implications. Geol. Surv. Indonesia, Spec. Publ. 6, p. 183-207. Sapiie, B. & M. Hadiana (2007)- Mechanism of some rift basins in the Western Indonesia. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-138, 9 p. (Models for Paleogene rifting along W margin of Sundaland include purely extensional and strike slip fault control. Thermal anomalies in grabens parallel to subduction zone suggest back arc setting during rift phase, but other grabens not parallel to subduction zone. Different orientations suggest basins in W Indonesia developed by different tectonic system in Eocene-E Miocene. Sandbox modeling shows pre-existing basement structures fundamental control element on rifting) Sartono, S. (1962)- The Banda geosyncline during Permian time: a palaeogeographic synthesis. Proc. Inst. Tekn. Bandung 1, 4, p. 8-43. (Banda geosyncline existed in Permian time in area now SE corner of Indonesia as recorded by Permian rocks on Savu, Roti, Timor, Leti, Luang and Babar. Distribution of Permian rocks and overthrust units in Timor suggests Permian geosyncline in SE Indonesia formed by two parallel basins, i.e. Sonnebait- Mutis in N and Kekneno basin in S) Sartono, S. (1993)- Insularity by plate tectonics in Quaternary Indonesia. Bul. Jurusan Geologi ITB, Bandung, 23, 2, p. 1-20. Sartono, S. & S. Hadiwisastra (1988)- Comparison of post-Variscan tectonostratigraphic framework of Western and Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.,1, p. 447-459. (Somewhat ‘different’ tectonics paper) Sartono, S., S. Hadiwisastra & K.A.S. Astadiredja (1984)- Orogenesa intra-Miosen di Indonesia. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 491-516. ('Intra-Miocene orogenesis in Indonesia')


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Satyana, A.H. (2003)- Accretion and dispersion of Southeast Sundaland: the growing and slivering of a continent. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 28th HAGI, Jakarta 2003, 31 p. (Sundaland made up of terranes or micro-plates from N Gondwanaland. SE Sundaland accreted crustal masses include oceanic Meratus, continental Paternoster, Ciletuh-Luk Ulo-Bayat subduction complex, BantimalaBarru-Biru subduction complex, Flores Sea Islands, and continental Sumba Island. These crustal masses accreted to 'original' SE Sundaland (Schwaner Core) during 150-60 Ma (Late Jurassic- E Tertiary). Starting at ~50 Ma, in M Eocene, parts of SE Sundaland rifted and drifted E and SE-ward slivering continent. Dispersed masses include SW Sulawesi through opening of Makassar Strait, Flores Sea Islands, and Sumba Island. Slivering caused segmentation of E Java Sea basement to presently extend more E than should be) Satyana, A.H. (2006)- Post-collisional tectonic escapes: fashioning the Cenozoic history. Proc. 35th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI2006-036, 27p. (Five major collisional events fashioned Cenozoic tectonics of Indonesia, all with lateral escape features: (1) collision of India to Eurasia at 50 or 45 Ma (E-M Eocene), followed by escape of Sundaland SE-ward, formation of Sundaland sedimentary basins, opening of marginal seas of S China Sea, Andaman Sea; (2) 25 Ma (Late Oligocene) collision of oceanic island arc at S margin of Philippine Sea Plate collided with New Guinea; (3) collision of Bird’s Head microcontinent with Papua at 10 Ma (Late Miocene) creating Lengguru foldbelt; (4) 11-5 Ma Buton-Tukang Besi and Banggai-Sula microcontinents collision with E Sulawesi ophiolite; (5) ~3 Ma N margin of Australian continent collision with Banda Island Arc) Satyana, A.H. (2007)- Sumbangsih eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi terhadap pengetahuan geologi Indonesia: data dan pandangan baru geodinamika Indonesia. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 2, p. 1-26. (‘Contributions of oil and gas exploration towards the knowledge of Indonesia geology and geodynamics’. Discussion of aspects of Indonesia tectonics and sedimentation, particularly E Kalimantan, Java, Makassar straits and Salawati Basin) Satyana, A.H. (2009)- Finding remnants of the Tethys Oceans in Indonesia: sutures of the terranes amalgamation. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang 2009, 21p. (Indonesia built by terranes rifted off Gondwana between Devonian and Paleogene. Three successive Tethyan oceans opened and closed, leaving five belts of sutures. Paleo-Tethys (Devonian opening, M-L Triassic closing): Karimun-Bangka suture off NE Sumatra, linking E Malaya and Sibumasu terranes, and NatunaBelitung suture between SW Borneo and E Malaya terranes. Meso-Tethys (Jurassic opening, mid-Cretaceous closing): Takengon-Bandar Lampung, W Sumatra, between Sibumasu and Woyla terranes and MeratusBawean suture between SW Borneo/Schwaner and Paternoster-Kangean terranes. Ceno-Tethys suture is E Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt, marking suture between Banggai microcontinent and W Sulawesi terrane) Satyana, A.H. (2009)- Finding remnants of the Tethys Oceans in Indonesia: sutures of the terranes amalgamation and petroleum implications. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-153, 26p. (Same paper as above) Satyana, A.H. (2010)- Crustal structures of the Eastern Sundaland’s rifts, Central Indonesia: geophysical constraints and petroleum implications. Proc. HAGI-SEG Int. Geosci. Conf., Bali 2010, IGCE10-OP-108, 10 p. (Discussion of M Eocene (~50Ma) and younger rift basins along E margin of Sundaland. Seimic sections across Makassar Straits, East Java Sea, Gorontalo and Bone Basins) Satyana, A.H. (2010)- Gravity tectonics in Indonesia- a companion to plate tectonics: cases of isostatic exhumation and gravitational sliding. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI2010-205, 12p. (At several areas in Indonesia geologic phenomena can not be explained by plate tectonics only. Uplifts in collision zones of Indonesia (Meratus (SE Kalimantan), Batui (E Sulawesi), Central Ranges of Papua, and Timor-Tanimbar uplifts may be caused by isostatic exhumation of once subducted microcontinents in collision zones. Compressional structures such as Samarinda Anticlinorium (E Kalimantan) and N Serayu fold-thrust


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belt (N C Java) may be related to gravitational gliding after hinterlands uplifts. Collision of microcontinents is by plate tectonics, but their subsequent uplifts of collisional through gravity tectonics) Satyana, A.H. (2012)- Origins of the Banda Arcs collisional orogen and the Banda Sea. Berita Sedimentologi 23, p. 17-20. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/ ) (Review of litereature on the origin of the oceanic Banda Sea and Banda collisional zone) Satyana, A.H., C. Armandita & R.L. Tarigan (2008)- Collision and post-collision tectonics in Indonesia: roles for basin formation and petroleum systems. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-140, 18p. (Collision following subduction and accretion of buoyant crustal masses and post-collision tectonics significant for basin formation and resultant petroleum systems. Examples of collisions important for petroleum geology: (1) Meratus, SE Kalimantan, (2) Buton and Banggai, Eastern Sulawesi, (3) Seram, (4) Timor-Tanimbar, (5) Lengguru, the Bird’s Head of Papua, and (6) Central Range of Papua) Satyana, A.H., R.L. Tarigan & C. Armandita (2007)- Collisional orogens in Indonesia: origin, anatomy, and nature of deformation. Proc. Joint Conv. 36th IAGI, 32nd HAGI, and 29th IATMI, Bali 2007, p. 1-64. (Extensive review of Indonesia collisional orogens: (1) Meratus: collision of Schwaner continental core with Paternoster micro-continent, (2) Sulawesi: collision of Banggai-Sula microcontinent and E Sulawesi Ophiolite, (3) Molucca Sea: collision of accretionary wedges of Sangihe and Halmahera arc-trench systems, (4) Seram: collision of Seram/N Banda arc and Bird’s Head micro-continent, (5) Lengguru: collision between Bird’s Head of N margin of Australian continent, (6) Papua Central Range: collision of island arc to S of Philippine Sea plate and N margin of Australian continent, and (7) Timor-Tanimbar: collision of Australian continent and Timor-Tanimbar/ S Banda arc) Schoffel, H. & S. Das (1999)- Fine details of the Wadati-Benioff zone under Indonesia and its geodynamic implications. J. Geophys. Res. 104, B6, p. 13101-13114. (Relocated earthquakes hypocenters show (1) portion of Indonesian arc between ~110 °E- 123°E and >500 km deep, dips S at ~75° angle, direction opposite to upper part of N dipping slab, and (2) E of ~108 °E seismic zone wider near 670 km than near 500 km depth. The first suggests S-ward lateral flow in mantle, relative to plate motion vector. From contortion of seismic zone along E portion of arc, average lateral shear strain rate in 300-670 km depth range is ~10-16s-1 over last 10-20 Myr) Schuppli, H.M. (1946)- Geology of oil basins in the East Indian archipelago. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 30, 1, p. 1-22. Schwartz, M.O., S.S. Rajah, A.K. Askury, P. Putthapiban & S. Djaswadi (1995)- The Southeast Asian tin belt. Earth Science Rev. 38, p. 95-290. (SE Asian tin belt 2800 km long from Birma to W Indonesia. Four main granitoid provinces, of TriassicPaleogene age: Main Range (184-230 Ma), Northern Granitoid Province (200-269 Ma), Eastern Granitoid Province 3 parts 79-263 Ma), Western Granitoid Province (22-149 Ma). Indonesian Tin Islands (193-251 Ma)) Scotese, C.R., L.M. Gagahan & R.L. Larson (1988)- Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic ocean basins. Tectonophysics 155, p. 27-48. Scrivenor, J.B. (1912)- Radiolaria-bearing rocks in the East Indies. East Indies. Geol. Mag.1912, 9, p. 241-248. (Review of mainly Mesozoic radiolarian-bearing rocks on the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia) Setijadji, L.D. (2010)- Cretaceous subduction zones in Indonesia: paleogeography, arc granitoid plutonism and metallic mineralizations. Proc. IGCP 507 Project Symp. Paleoclimates in Asia during the Cretaceous, Yogyakarta 2010, p. 59- 60. (Abstract only) (Two or three separate Cretaceous subduction zones in W Indonesia, with oceanic crust subducting under Eurasia plate (1) M-Lt Cretaceous Sumatra-Meratus arc, E and N- facing subduction, 2,000 km long, with granitoid plutonism from W Sumatra (Sikuleh, Manunggal, Ulai, Garba and Sulan granites; 120-75 Ma), N of Java, to Meratus Mountains of SE Kalimantan; (2) S-facing subduction at NW Kalimantan, resulting in two


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granitoid plutonic arcs, i.e. late E Cretaceous Schwaner Arc and Late Cretaceous Sunda Shelf Arc. Both are parallel in E-W direction, ~1,500 km long, in W-C Kalimantan, with Late K arc S of Early K arc. Cretaceous arc granitoid plutonism very different from Triassic granitoids of Bangka- Belitung) Sevastjanova, I. & R. Hall (2011)- Detrital zircon from the Banda Arc: insights into the palaeogeographic reconstructions. In: Conf. Sediment provenance studies in hydrocarbon exploration & production, Geol. Soc., London 2011, p. 27-28. (Abstract only) (Zircon U-Pb ages from Karimunjawa Arch (SW Borneo Block) similar to those from Seram, suggesting similar source areas. Mesoproterozoic zircons in Karimunjawa Arch uncommon on Cathaysian Blocks, providing evidence against Cathaysian affinity for SW Borneo Block. Triassic zircons abundant in Karimunjawa Arch. Zircons suggest existence of local Permian-Triassic zircon source in E Indonesia and/or on Australia NW Shelf) Shaw, R.D. (1990)- Frontier basins of Southeast Asia: a review of their hydrocarbon potential. Proc. South East Asia Petrol. Explor. Soc. (SEAPEX) 9, 8th Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore, p. 69-80. (70% of SE Asian basins frontier basins with no significant hydrocarbon production, but contain estimated 22% of recoverable oil reserves. Basins in regions of oceanic-continent convergence (N Australia, Sunda margin) more prospective than areas of oceanic plates convergence) Shaw, R.D. (1997)- Some implications of Eurasian and Indo-Australian plate collision on the petroleum potential of Tertiary intracratonic basins of Southeast Asia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds), Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia & Australia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 63-80. Shaw, R.D. & G.H. Packham (1992)- The tectonic setting of sedimentary basins of Eastern Indonesia: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity. J. Australian Petrol. Expl. Assoc. APEA 32, 1, p. 195-213. Shaw, R.D. & G.H. Packham, (1992)- Heatflow trends in Southeast Asia: implications for petroleum prospectivity. Proc. 9th SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore, p. 130-144. (75% of SE Asia oil reserves in basins with contemporary heatflow of 2 or more) Sigit, S. & T.H.F. Klompe (1962)- A brief outline of the geology of the Indonesian Archipelago. Geol. Map Indonesia, scale 1:5,000,000, 18p. Sigit, S., M.M. Purbo-Hadiwidjojo, B. Sulasmoro & S. Wirjosudjono (1969)- Minerals and mining in Indonesia. Ministry of Mines, Jakarta, 123 p. (1969 overview of Indonesia coal and minerals mining) Sillitoe, R.H. (1994)- Indonesian mineral deposits- introductory comments, comparisons and speculations. J. Geochem. Expl. 50, p. 1-11. (Indonesia has range of precious- and base-metal deposits typical of Cenozoic volcano-plutonic arcs. Porphyry Cu-Au, skarn Cu-Au and low-sulphidation epithermal Au economically most important, including world-class orebodies. Also found are porphyry Mo, sediment-hosted Au, high-sulphidation epithermal Au and volcanogenic massive sulphide Au. 70% of deposits discovered by regional geochemical surveys) Simandjuntak, T.O. (1992)- Tectonic development of the Indonesian archipelago and its bearing on the occurrence of energy resources. Indonesia. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 2, 9, p. Simandjuntak, T.O. (1992)- Review of tectonic evolution of Central Indonesia. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 2, 15, p. 2-18. Simandjuntak, T.O. (1993)- Neogene tectonics and orogenesis of Indonesia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symp. Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 43-64. (Indonesian Archipelago in Neogene convergence of 3 megaplates, 5 major crustal elements, 4 orogenic belts)


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Simandjuntak, T.O. (1993)- Neogene tectonics and orogenesis of Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 3, 20, p. 21-32. Simanjuntak, T.O. (1994)- Tectonic evolution of Central Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 29th Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Hanoi 1992, 2, p. 91- 113. (Central Indonesia is triple junction of Indo-Australian, Pacific and Eurasian plate convergence. Seven tectonstratigraphic provices, various episodes of convergence and divergence. Reconstructions show Banda Microcontinent (which subsequently breaks up into Banggai-Sula, Tukang-Besi, Seram-Buru, Misool-Birds Head, etc.) attached to Papua New Guinea part of the Australian continent in Triassic-Jurassic time (similar to Pigram, Struckmeyer reconstructions, but not Hall and others)) Simanjuntak, T.O. (1994)- Neogene orogeny and mountain building in Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 30th Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bali 1993, 2, p. 47-86. (Neogene tectonics of Indonesia marked by five different orogenic belts, Barisan, Sunda, Banda, Talaud and Melanesian) Simandjuntak, T.O. (1998)- Tsunamis in active plate margins of Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Programmes E and SE Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, 2, p. 334-361. (Overview of active tectonics across Indonesia and relation to tsunamis. Tsunamis triggered by earthquakes below seafloor, most of them over graben-like structures in areas of extensional tectonics, but transtensional zones also have tsunami potential) Simanjuntak, T.O. (2000)- Geotectonic of Indonesia: the birth of the Indonesian Archipelago. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. (GRDC) 10, 104, p. Simanjuntak, T.O. (2000)- Neogene tectonics of Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1492. (Abstract only) (Seven distinctive Neogene orogenies in Indonesia: 1) Sunda Orogeny in Java and E Indonesia: normal convergence producing Andean type orogenic belt, 2) Barisan Orogeny: oblique convergence and dextral transpressional wrenching in Sumatra, 3) Talaud Orogeny in N Maluku Sea: double-arc collision with sinistral transpressional wrenching, 5) Banda Orogeny: M Miocene collision between Banggai-Sula, Tukangbesi-Buton and Mekongga Platform against E Sulawesi ophiolite belt; 6) Melanesian Orogeny in Irian Jaya and PNG: oblique convergence with thin-skinned tectonics, 7) Dayak Orogeny in Kalimantan: triple junction extensional tectonics with hot spots of Neogene volcanics) Simanjuntak, T.O. (2003)- The Indonesian active margins. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 13, 136, p. 2Simandjuntak, T.O. & A.J. Barber (1996)- Contrasting tectonic styles in the Neogene orogenic belts of Indonesia. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 106, p. 185-201. (Six separate Neogene orogenic belts: Sunda (W Java-Flores), Barisan, Talaud, Sulawesi, Banda (TimorTanimbar) and Melanesian (New Guinea) Simatupang, M. (1988)- Indonesian mineral development digest: a sourcebook on mining and mineral development in Indonesia. Indonesian Mining Association, Jakarta, p. 1-565. Simons, W.J.F., B.A.C. Ambrosius, R. Noomen, D. Angermann, P. Wilson, M. Becker, E. Reinhart, A. Walpersdorf & C. Vigny (1999)- The final geodetic results of the GEODYSSEA project: the combined solution. In: The GEODYnamics of S and SE Asia (GEODYSSEA), Project. GeoForschungsZentrum, Potzdam, (STR 98/14), p. 27-38. Simons, W.J.F., B.A.C. Ambrosius, R. Noomen, D. Angermann et al. (1999)- Observing plate tectonics in SE Asia: geodetic results of the GEODYSSEA project. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, p. 2081-2084. (Geodetic results of GEODYSSEA Project 1994-1996 GPS data)


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Simons, W., B. Ambrosius, C. Vigny, A. Socquet, C. Subarya et al. (2003)- Crustal motion and block behaviour in S.E. Asia: a decade of GPS measurements. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Nice 2003, Abstract #10940 (SE Asia region was observed with 45 GPS site 'GEODYSSEA project (1991-1998). Additional GPS sites have set-up since 2000. High-quality GPS data set, spanning almost a decade, was (re-)analyzed and combined into a kinematic model, with 100+ station motions in ITRF-2000. Highlights are relative motion and boundaries of Sundaland block. In Sulawesi, two micro-blocks are confirmed and a number of sites on E Malaysia, indicate small but consistent relative motion with respect to Sundaland block) Simons, W.J.F., A. Socquet, C. Vigny, B. A. C. Ambrosius, S. Haji Abu, C. Promthong, C. Subarya, D. A. Sarsito, S. Matheussen, P. Morgan & W. Spakman (2007)- A decade of GPS in Southeast Asia: resolving Sundaland motion and boundaries. J. Geophys. Res. 112, B06420, 20p. (GPS velocity field of SE Asia based on 10 years (1994–2004) of GPS data at more than 100 sites in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Sundaland moves E at ~6 mm/yr in S to 10 mm/yr in N. Sundaland moves independently with respect to S China, E Java, Sulawesi, and N tip of Borneo. Red River fault still active. Sundaland deformation occurs along its boundaries with fast-moving neighboring plates) Situmorang, B. (1986)- Notes on the Pre-Tertiary petroleum potential of Eastern Indonesia. Lemigas Sci. Contr. 1986, 2, p. 16-23. Situmorang, B. (1987)- Pre Tertiary petroleum potential of Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 23rd Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Madang 1986, 2, p. 72-79. (E Indonesia prospective hydrocarbon plays in Pre-Tertiary, mainly in microcontinetal blocks of Australian origin and associated Pre-Tertiary rift basins) Situmorang B. (ed.) (1989)- Proceedings Sixth Regional Conference on the geology, mineral and hydrocarbon resources of Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1987. Indon. Assoc. Geologists (IAGI), Jakarta, 504 p. Situmorang, B., Siswoyo, M. Thamrin & B. Yulianto (1983)- Heatflow variation in Western Indonesian basinal areas: implication on basin formation and hydrocarbon potential. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 157-169. (Average heat flow in Tertiary Basins of W Indonesia ~1.95- 2.58 μ Cal/cm2 s, except in C Sumatra where heat flow is ~3.27 ± 0.9 μ Cal/cm2 s. Less variability of heat flow in Java than in Sumatra basins. Lowest variability in S Sumatra, largest in C Sumatra. Variability probably reflects variation in amount of extension) Situmorang, M. (1994)- Distribution and characteristics of detrital heavy minerals in Eastern Indonesian waters. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 29th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Hanoi 1992, Bangkok, 2, p. 231-251. (Heavy minerals in seafloor sediments aaround Banda Arc region mainly mafic volcanic and sedimentary minerals, with some metamorphic minerals. Principal minerals hyperstene, augite, zircon, tourmaline, enstatite, garnet, chlorite and hornblende) Sladen, C. (1997)- Exploring the lake basins of East and Southeast Asia. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds.) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 49-76. (SE Asia contains large number of Late Mesozoic and Early Tertiary lake basins, producing significant amounts of oil and gas) Slancova, A., A. Spicak, V. Hanus & J. Vanek (2000)- How the state of stress varies in the Wadati-Benioff zone: indications from focal mechanisms in the Wadati-Benioff zone beneath Sumatra and Java. Geophys. J. Int. 143, p. 909-930. (Earthquake focal mechanisms used to define eight stress domains: 3 in Sumatra (SI-SIII), 5 in Java region (JIJV). Domains with similar states of stress occur in both regions in similar positions. Maximum compression perpendicular to trench in SI, SII and JII (depth range 0-165 km). Orientation of max. compression almost parallel to trench in SIII and JIII (depth 25-225 km). Focal mechanisms of domains SII and SIII, and similarly


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to JII and JIII, occur in different stress layers and we observe overlap of earthquakes with different focal mechanisms from two different stress-state layers, parallel to Wadati-Benioff zone. Slab-dip-parallel extension observed in JIV (depth 225-315 km), slab-dip-parallel compression in JV (>400 km) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1927)- Wegener's theorie en het ontstaan van den Oostelijken O.I. Archipel. Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 44, p. 581-598. (Discussion on merits of Wegener’s continental drift theory in the Indonesian archipelago) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1928)- De geologische ligging der Boven-Triadische olie- en asfaltafzettingen in de Molukken. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl.-Indie 87, 2, p. 111-121. (‘The geologic setting of the Upper Triassic oil and asphalt deposits in the Moluccas’) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1933)- The Malay double (triple) orogen, I. Proc. Koninkl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 36, 2, p. 202-210. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016394.pdf) (Discussion of orogenetic belts of Indonesia: Sunda Orogen, Molucca Orogen, Pelew orogen) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1933)- The Malay double (triple) orogen, II. Proc. Koninkl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 36, 3, p. 323-330. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016411.pdf) (Discussion of 'Australian double orogen') Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1933)- The Malay double (triple) orogen, III. Proc. Koninkl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 36, 4, p. 447-453. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016429.pdf) (East Indian Archipelago consists of double, partly triple orogen between Asiatic and Australian continental masses. Molucca-orogen shows larger negative gravity anomalies than Sunda-orogen) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1935)- Geologie en zwaartekracht in den Indischen Archipel. Critische beschouwing over eenige recente publicaties van Prof. Dr. J.H.F. Umbgrove. Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 52, p. 581598. ('Geology and gravity in the Indies Archipelago; a critical review of some recent publications by Umbgrove') Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1937)- On the relation between deep-focus earthquakes, gravity and morphology in the Netherlands East Indies. Gerlands Beitr. Geophysik, Leipzig, 51, p. 402-409. (On irregularies in the zones of earthquakes that dip towards SE Asia mainland, recently identified by Berlage (now known as Benioff zone)) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1937)- Additional note on the relation between deep-focus earthquakes, gravity and morphology in the Netherlands East Indies. Gerlands Beitr. Geophysik, Leipzig, 53, p. 392-394. Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1939)- The Malay Archipelago in Pre-Tertiary times. Proc. Sixth Pacific Sci. Congr., San Francisco 1939, p. 231-240. Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1940)- Der Malayische Archipel. Geol. Jahresberichte IIB, p. 393-416. ('The Malay Archipelago') Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1942)- Der Malayische Archipel. Geol. Jahresberichte IV B, p. 362-382. (('The Malay Archipelago'. Continuation of paper above) Smith, N.G., A.J. Bertagne, L.Samuel, Purwoko et al. (1995)- Eastern Indonesia Megaregional Projectprinciples and results of a regional study. AAPG Ann. Conv. Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 79, 6, p. 912. Sobari, I., A. Susilo, Subagio & E. Mirnanda (1993)- Bouguer anomaly map of Indonesia, scale 1:5M. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. .


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Socquet, A., C. Vigny, N. Chamot-Rooke, W. Simons et al. (2006)- India and Sunda plates motion and deformation along their boundary in Myanmar determined by GPS. J. Geophys. Res. 111, B05406, doi:10.1029/2005JB003877, 11 p. (New GPS India-Eurasia motion slower than previous determinations and predict relative motion of 35 mm/yr oriented N10° at latitude of Myanmar. Sagaing Fault only accommodates 18 mm/yr of right-lateral strike slip. Two models of how and where remaining deformation may occur) Soeria-Atmadja, R., R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, J.L Joron,Y. Cyrille, H. Bougault & Hasanuddin (1986)- The occurrence of back-arc basalts in western Indonesia. Proc. 14th Ann.Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol., p. 125-132. Soeria-Atmadja, R., H. Permana & A. Kadurasman (2005)- High-pressure metamorphics and associated peridotite in Eastern Indonesia. Majalah Geol. Indon. 20, 2, Spec. Ed., p. 61-67. (Association of high-pressure metamorphic rocks and ophiolites in E Indonesia, SE Kalimantan and Java) Sopaheluwakan, J. (1994)- Tectonic evolution of the Banda Arc, East Indonesia: Southern Tethyan crust obduction metamorphisn and fragmentation of eastern Gondwanaland. Proc. 30th Anniv. Symp., Res. Dev. Centre for Geotechnology (LIPI), Bandung 1994, 2, p. 157-162. (online at: elib.pdii.lipi.go.id/katalog/index.php/searchkatalog/.../1194.pdf) (Studies of metamorphic aureoles at base of dismembered ophiolites on Timor, Seram, etc., suggest ophiolite obduction is major mechanism for emplacement of southern Tethyan crust onto Australian continental margin) Sopaheluwakan, J. (1994)- Critiques and a new perspective on basement tectonic studies in Indonesia: a review of current results and their significance in geological exploration. Proc. 30th Anniv. Symposium, R&D Centre for Geotechnology (LIPI), Bandung 1994, 2, p. 163-175. (online at: elib.pdii.lipi.go.id/katalog/index.php/searchkatalog/.../1195.pdf) (Not all metamorphic rocks in Indonesia are of pre-Tertiary age and of continental origin. Places like Timor and Seram have very young metamorphic rocks, formed during ophiolite obduction. Mutis Complex of Timor formed in oceanic setting near Jurassic spreading center) Sopaheluwakan, J. (1995)- Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Indonesian seaways. Oji Seminar, IGCP-35, Kyoto Oct. 1995, p. ? Sopaheluwakan, J. (1999)- Understanding the Indonesian orogeny: a basement geology perspective. In: FOSI 1st Regional Seminar: Tectonics and sedimentation of Southeast Asia, Bandung 1999 (Abstract only?) (Indonesia three types of orogeny: (1) Sunda type, Late Mesozoic Cordilleran-type Meratus-Karangsambung orogen along rim of SE Sundaland and Neogene orogeny. Suspected collision of microcontinent in MeratusKarangsambung orogen. (2) Makassar type, outboard of Meratus-Karangsambung orogen, Oligocene and Miocene orogenies as result of obduction events of E Arm of Sulawesi and docking of Australian-derived microcontinents onto Sulawesi; (3) Banda type, repeated pre-collisional obductions of short-lived spreading ridges in front of Australian passive margins in Oligocene and Miocene) Sopaheluwakan, J. (2007)- Geodinamika Indonesia dan keberlangsungan hidup Manusia: dari ilmu kebumian ke ilmu-ilmu sistem kebumian. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 1, p. 1-27. (Geodynamics of Indonesia. Major tectonic theories for Indonesia: undation theory, plate tectonics and now plume tectonics) Spakman, W. & H. Bijwaard (1998)- Mantle structure and large-scale dynamics of South-East Asia. In: P. Wilson & G.W. Michel (eds.) The geodynamics of S and SE Asia (GEODYSSEA) Project. Sci. Techn. Report STR/14, Geoforschungszentrum, Potsdam, Germany, p. 313-339. (Tomographic results general agreement with previous findings (e.g. subduction of Indian plate below Sunda Arc), but do not find detachment of (or tear in) slab around 400 km below Sumatra. Sunda slab bends W toward Andaman island arc below N Sumatra. Subduction below Sunda arc imaged down to 1500 km, indicating


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penetration into lower mantle. Subduction below Sulawesi is S extension of Philippines subduction. Slab also imaged below Halmahera (Molucca collision zone). Spakman, W. & R. Hall (2010)- Surface deformation and slab-mantle interaction during Banda arc subduction rollback. Nature Geoscience 3, p. 562-566. (with supplementary material, movie at http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/current_research/plate_tectonics/index.html) (Banda arc results from subduction of single slab. Jurassic embayment of dense oceanic lithosphere enclosed by continental crust once existed within Australian plate. Banda subduction began at ~15 Ma when active Java subduction tore E-ward into embayment. Present morphology of subducting slab only partially controlled by shape of embayment. As Australian plate moved N, Banda oceanic slab rolled back towards SSE. Increasing resistance of mantle to plate motion folded slab and caused strong deformation of crust) Spakman, W., C. Rangin & H. Bijwaard (1998)- Tomographic constraints on the tectonic evolution of SE Asia. In: AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1495. (Abstract only) (New 3-D image of P-wave seismic velocity heterogeneity of lithosphere and mantle of SE Asia. Subducted oceanic slab found below most of Sunda arc but with varying depth penetration. A 500 km long slab under Burma separated from Andaman-Sumatra slab (~700 km deep) by a 300-400 km wide gap associated with Andaman Basin. Central Sunda slab penetrates lower mantle to 1500 km, but subduction below Banda arc confined to 700 km. No clear slab imaged below W New Guinea; long N dipping slab under E New Guinea) Stauffer, H.K. (1945)- The geology of the Netherlands Indies. In: P. Honig & F. Verdoorn (eds.) Science and scientists in the Netherlands Indies, New York, p. 320-335. (Old, general overview of Indonesia geology) Steinshouer, D.W., J. Qiang, P.J. McCabe & R.T. Ryder (1999)- Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Asia-Pacific region. U.S.G.S. Open- File Report 97-479F, 13p. + 2 maps. (Online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470F/aspac.PDF) Stille, H. (1920)- Die angebliche junge Vorwartsbewegung im Timor- Ceram Bogen. Nachr. Ges. Wissensch. Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Kl., p. 174-180. (‘Young forward movements in the Timor- Ceram arc’) Stille, H (1945)- Die tektonische Entwicklung der hinterindischen Festlands- und Inselgebiete. In: H. Stille & F. Lotze (eds.) Die tektonische Entwicklung der pazifischen Randgebiete II, Geotektonische Forschungen 7/8, p. 34-153. ('The tectonic development of the Asian mainland and island areas') Storetvedt, K.M., L.S. Leong & M. Adib (2003)- New structural framework for SE Asia, and its implications for the tectonic evolution of Borneo. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 7-26. (Unconventional ‘Global Wrench Tectonics’ model for SE Asia tectonics, particularly NW Borneo margin) Subarya, C. (2004)- The maintenance of Indonesia geodetic control network- in the earth deforming zones. In: 3rd Int. Fed. Surveyors (FIG) Regional Conference, Jakarta 2004, TS8, 6p. (online at: www.fig.net/pub/jakarta/papers/ts_08/ts_08_1_subarya.pdf) (On increase of GPS geodetic measurements in Indonesia since 1992 and velocities across plate boundaries) Subono, S. & Siswoyo (1995)- Thermal studies of Indonesian oil basins. In: Y. Togashi (ed.) Symposium on Heat flow map, geodynamic implications and maturity modelling for hydrocarbons, Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok, 25, p. 37-53. Sudarmono, T. Suherman & B. Eza (1997)- Paleogene basin development in Sundaland and it's role to the petroleum systems in Western Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, p. 545-560.


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Sudradjat, A., H.D. Tjia et al. (eds.) (1989)- J.A. Katili Commemorative Volume (60 years). Geologi Indonesia 12, 1, 635 p. (19 papers in English, 5 in Indonesian, mostly on tectonic history and volcanism) Suggate, S. & R. Hall (2003)- Predicting sediment yields from SE Asia: a GIS approach. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA03-G-015, 16p. (Areas of Indonesia like New Guinea, Borneo, Sumatra, etc., produce very high volumes of sediments relative to size of its landmasses. Possibly tied to intense precipitation/ runoff and many areas of recent rapid uplift) Sukamto, R., T.C. Amin & D. Sukarna (eds.) (2003)- Atlas geologi dan potensi sumberdaya mineral dan energi kawasan Indonesia, scale 1: 10,000,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Atlas of geology and potential of minerals and energy in Indonesia) Sukamto, R. & M.M. Purbo-Hadiwidjoyo (1997)- Regional geology of Indonesia. In: E.M. Moores & R.W. Fairbridge (eds.) Encyclopedia of European and Asian regional geology, Chapman and Hall, London, p. 376384. Sukamto, R., B. Setyogroho, S. Atmawinata, S. Aziz, B. Jamal, Suharsono & S. Andi-Mangga (1990)- The Jurassic rocks in Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 14, p. 1-14. (Overview of the 17 regions in Indonesia with Jurassic rocks in outcrop) Sukamto, R. & Sidarto (1990)- Gagasan baru tentang asal berbagai mintakat geologi di Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 14, p. 59-72. (also in Proc. 16th Ann. Mtg IAGI, Bandung 1987) ('New thoughts on the origin of geological terranes in Indonesia'. Brief overview of terranes) Sukamto, R. & T.Suhanda (1977)- Some notes on magmatic activities and metallic mineral occurrences in northeastern Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 9, p. 253-271. (Volcanic and non-volcanic arcs in NE Indonesia different types of metallic mineral belts) Sukamto, R. & G.E.G. Westermann (1992)- Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. In: G.E.G. Westermann (ed.) The Jurassic of the Circum-Pacific, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 181-193. (Summary of Jurassic stratigraphy and ammonites in Irian Jaya, Waigeo, Misool, Obi, Bangai-Sula, SE and S Sulawesi,Buton, Buru, Seram, Tanimbar-Babar, Timor-Rotti, Kalimantan, Sumatra and PNG) Sunarjanto, D., B. Wicaksono, Sriwijaya, S. Munadi & B. Wiyanto (2008)- Updating of Indonesian Tertiary basin sedimentary basins. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-163, 12 p. (LEMIGAS (2007) basins map lists 63 Tertiary sedimentary basins in Indonesia. Example of use of gravity data in S Kalimantan to determine basin outlines: propose to combine Pembuang and Barito basins) Sunarya, Y. (1989)- Overview of gold exploration and exploitation in Indonesia. Geol. Indonesia (J. Assoc. Indon. Geol. IAGI) 12 (Katili volume), 1, p. 345-357. (Same paper as below) Sunarya, Y. (1992)- Overview of gold exploration and exploitation in Indonesia. In: Epithermal gold in Asia and the Pacific, mineral concentrations and hydrocarbon accumulations in the ESCAP Region series, UN ESCAP, 6, p. 155-161. (Gold mining in Indonesia began in 1899. Early mining from epithermal lode deposits hosted by volcanics in W Sumatra and W Java, with subsequent discoveries in Kalimantan (Kelian, Mt Muro, Muyuo, etc.) and on Flores-Wetar. Porphyry copper- associated gold in Ertsberg (Irian Jaya), N Sulawesi and Bacan. Alluvial gold exploited on Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi) Suzuki ,Y. (1993)- On the formation of Southeast Asia island arcs. Hokuriku Geol. Inst. Rept. 3, p. 107-123.


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Syracuse E.M. & G.A. Abers (2006)- Global compilation of variations in slab depth beneath arc volcanoes and implications. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst. 7, 5, 18p. (Depth to top of subducting slab below volcanoes 72- 173 km, global average 105 km. Depths correlate poorly with most subduction parameters, but correlations exist between depth and slab dip. Largest along-strike variation in Java, where depth shifts by 70 km on either side of 108° E from 90 km in W Java- SE Sumatra to 150 km to E, changing over ~150 km along strike. Jump at overlapping of ends of two volcanic lines. Dominant change is shift in location of volcanoes in relation to slab and trench. E of 119° E (W Banda Sea), volcanoes step back toward trench, and slab depths once again become near 100 km. Not clear what causes this shift) Tandon, K., J.M. Lorenzo & G.W. O'Brien (2000)- Effective elastic thickness of the northern continental lithosphere subducting beneath the Banda orogen (Indonesia): inelastic failure at the start of continental subduction. Tectonophysics 329, p. 39-60. (Pliocene-Recent Australian continent- arc collision from Roti to Kai created underfilled foreland basin in Timor-Tanimbar-Aru Trough. Collision most advanced near C Timor. Australian continental lithosphere N of Timor detached from oceanic lithosphere. Change in Effective Elastic Thickness (EET) at start of continental subduction at Mio- Pliocene boundary due to change in curvature of N Australian lithosphere near shelf-slope, in map and cross-section. Evidence for inelastic yielding of N Australian continental lithosphere near presentday shelf-slope at continental subduction: (1) maximum change of EET near shelf-slope in laterally variable EET calculations, and (2) cessation of most normal faulting in Late Miocene-Early Pliocene on seismic) Tapponier, P., G. Peltzer, A.Y. LeDain & R. Armijo (1982)- Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: new insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology 10, p. 611-616. (Popular, but still disputed tectonic model explaining major strike slip zones and blocks rotations in SE Asia as results of India- Asia collision in Eocene) Taranik, J.V., C.D. Reynolds, C.A. Skeenan & W.D. Carter (1978)- Targeting exploration for nickel laterites in Indonesia with Landsat data. Proc. 12th Symposium of Remote Sensing, Manila, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, p. 1037-1051. (Using vegetation anomalies on satellite imagery to target nickel laterites) Taylor, D. & T.M. van Leeuwen (1980)- Porphyry-type deposits in Southeast Asia. In: S. Ishihara, & S. Takenouchi (eds.) Granitic magmatism and related mineralisation, Mining Geology, Spec. Issue, 8, p. 95-116. Ter Braake, A.L. (1944)- Mining in the Netherlands East Indies. Netherlands and Netherlands Indies Council of the Institute of Pacific Relations, New York, Bull. 4, p. 1-110. (also as Arno Press, New York, 1977 reprint) (Overview of mineral deposits in Indonesia as known during WW-II) Thamrin, M. (1985)- An investigation of the relationship between the geology of Indonesian sedimentary basins and heat flow density. Tectonophysics 121, 1, p. 45-62. (Geothermal data from 929 wells in 20 Tertiary basins. Thermal conductivity increases with depth of burial and compaction. T gradient controlled by depth and T of heat source beneath basin. High heat-flow densities in C Sumatra, S Sumatra, Salawati Basin and Bintuni Basin may be caused by shallow magmatic diapirism) Thamrin, M. (1985)- Heat flow study in the oil basinal areas in Indonesia. CCOP Techn. Publ. TP 15, p. 435444. Thamrin, M. (1986)- Terrestrial heat flow map of Indonesian Basins. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 33-70. Thamrin, M. & P.H. Mey (1987)- Terrestrial heat flow map of Indonesian Basins. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 70 p. Thamrin, M., Prayitno & Siswoyo (1984)- Heat flow study in the oil basinal areas in Indonesia. Proc. Joint ASCOPE/ CCOP Workshops I and II, p. 49-60.


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Thurow, J. & J. Milsom & D. Roques (2000)- Mesozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Banda Arc area. AAPG Int. Conf., AAPG Bull.. 84; 9, p. 1505-1506. (Abstract only. Mesozoic on Buru, Buton, Seram, E Sulawesi and plateaus off NW Australian Shelf. Precollision sediments record complicated rift-drift-history from higher latitudes at NW Australian margin and include source and reservoir rocks (e.g. Triassic sandstone and platform carbonates/ black shales), some with oil, oil seeps, asphalt. Sediments represent rifting off NW Australia. Widespread condensed oceanic sediments with Late Jurassic macrofossils overlie them. This sequence may be preceded by basaltic volcanic phase. E Cretaceous sediments pelagic with abundant radiolaria. Late Cretaceous 'couches rouges' facies rich in calcareous plankton. First Eurasian microfauna in Maastrichtian, indicating beginning of collision. Mesozoic pelagic microfaunas of NW-Australia typical Austral affinities (high latitude); those from Banda Arc mixed Austral-Tethyan elements, deposited in subtropical environment) Tingay, M., C. Morley, R. King, R. Hillis, D. Coblentz & R. Hall (2010)- Present-day stress field of Southeast Asia. Tectonophysics 482, p. 92-104. (Variable stress pattern throughout SE Asia largely inconsistent with Sunda plate ESE motion direction. Present-day maximum horizontal stress in Thailand, Vietnam and Malay Basin predominately N-S, consistent with radiating stress patterns from E Himalayan syntaxis. Maximum horizontal stress in Borneo primarily NW– SE; may reflect plate-boundary forces or topographic stresses exerted by C Borneo highlands. S and C Sumatra basins maximum horizontal stress NE–SW, perpendicular to Indo-Australian subduction front. Plate-scale stress field in SE Asia controlled by combination of Himalayan-related deformation, subduction forces (trench suction, collision) and intraplate sources of stress such as topography and basin geometry) Tjia, H.D. (1968)- Volcanic lineaments in the Indonesian island arcs. Pacific Geol. 1, p. 175- 182. Tjia, H.D. (1968)- New evidence of recent diastrophism in East Indonesia. Inst. Techn. Bandung, Contr. Dept. Geol. 69, p. 71-76. Tjia, H.D. (1973)- Displacement patterns of strike-slip faults in Malaysia- Indonesia- Philippines. Geol. Mijnbouw 52, p. 21-30. Tjia, H.D. (1978)- Active faults in Indonesia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 10, p. 74-92. (Main known active faults in Indonesia: Sumatra Fault Zone (1600 km). Palu-Koro FZ, Sulawesi (700km), Irian FZ (1300km), central depression of Timor, Banyumas Depression of Java, active volcanoes and extensive limestone terrains (caving)) Tjia, H.D. (1981)- Examples of young tectonism in Eastern Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, Bandung, p. 89-104. Tjia, H.D. (1983)- Earthquake stress directions in the Indonesian Archipelago. In: T.W.C. Hilde & S. Uyeda (eds.) Geodynamics of the western Pacific-Indonesian region, Amer. Geophys. Union and Geol. Soc. America Geodyn. Ser. 11, p. 413-422. Tjia, H.D. (1989)- Active tectonics in the Indonesian Archipelago. In: N. Thiramongkol (ed.) Proc. Workshop on Correlation of Quaternary Successions in South, East and Southeast Asia, Bangkok, p. 165-185. Tjia, H.D. (1991)- Active tectonics in the Indonesian Archipelago-2. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Geodin. Magm. Vulcan., p. 281-300. Tjia, H.D. (1998)- Meridian-parallel faults and Tertiary basins of Sundaland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 42, p. 101-118. Tjia, H.D. (2001)-Wrench tectonics in Sundaland; subsurface and offshore evidence. In: G.H. Teh et al. (eds.) Geological Society of Malaysia Ann. Geol. Conf. 2001, p. 71-77.


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(Wrenching widespread in Sundaland. Principal stress directions from wrench patterns, well-bore breakouts and major earthquakes show most of Sundaland currently subjected to N-S stress. Towards margins stress trajectories deviate due to convergence of adjoining megaplates and SE extrusion of Indosinia. Until onset of M Miocene most wrenching transtensional, forming pull-apart depressions and modifying structure of large depocentres. Cessation of spreading in Philippine Sea and Caroline basins by M Miocene changed wrenching into transpression, accompanied by slip-sense reversals and structural inversion) Tjia, H.D., S. Fujii, K.Kigoshi, A. Sugimura & T. Zakaria (1972)- Radiocarbon dates of elevated shorelines, Indonesia and Malaysia. Part 1. Quaternary Res. 2, 4, p. 487-495. (Four radiocarbon dates of elevated strandlines in tectonically active areas of E Indonesia and E Malaysia indicate uplift rates between 4.5- 9 mm/ year during past 24,000 yr. Date from S arm of Sulawesi indicates rate of uplift of 1.4–2.5 mm/ year. At Langkawi islands, W Malaysia, one of regionally common shorelines at 2 m above sea level dated at 2590 ± 100 yr BP) Tjia, H.D., S. Fujii, K. Kigoshi, A. Sugimura & T. Zakaria (1974)- Late Quaternary uplift in Eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 23, 4, p. 427-433. (Radiocarbon dates of 15 samples from raised shorelines on various islands of E Indonesia suggest rates of tectonic uplift up to 12.5 mm/year) Tjia, H.D. & K.K. Liew (1996)- Changes in tectonic stress field in northern Sunda Shelf basin. In: R.Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Special Publ. 106, p. 291-306. (Tertiary basins of N Sunda Shelf are underlain by normal and attenuated continental crust, characterized by moderate-high geothermal gradients >5°C/100 m. In Malay basin, Oligocene- younger sediments >12 km thick; other basins between 4-8 km. Regional tensional conditions prevailed until E Miocene. In M- Late Miocene, regional compression caused reversals on wrench faults, and inversion of basin-filling sediments. Some N-striking wrench faults indications of up to 45 km right-lateral displacement, possibly post-Miocene). Tjokrosapoetro, S. & Wiryosujono (1978)- Ophiolites in eastern Indonesia. In: P. Nutulaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. SE Asia (GEOSEA III), Bangkok, p. 641-651. Trail, D.S., T.V. John, M.C. Bird, R.C. Obial, B.A. Petzel, D.B. Abiong, Parwoto & Subagio (1974)- The general geological survey of Block 2, Sulawesi Utara. PT Tropic Endeavour Indonesia Report, 68 p. (Unpublished but widely used report) Truscott S.J. (1902)- The occurrence and mining of gold in the Dutch East Indies. Trans. Inst. Mining Metallurgy 10, 31 p. 52-86. Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1930)- Tertiary sea-connections between Europe and the Indo-Pacific area. Proc. Fourth Pacific Science Congress, Java 1929, IIA, p. 91-104. (On similarities and differences between Indo-Pacific and European Tertiary faunas. Similarities suggest open sea connections in M Eocene, no connection in Late Eocene, and some faunal interchange of fauna in Oligocene and later) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1932)- Het Neogeen in den Indischen Archipel. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 49, 6, p. 769-834. (Review of Neogene stratigraphy in Indonesian Archipelago, with comments on 163 areas. Neogene sediments highly variable in thickness and intensity and timing of deformation. With map showing 11 Neogene tectostratigraphic regions A-M) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1933)- Verschillende typen van Tertiaire geosynclinalen in den Indischen archipel. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 6, 1, p. 33-43. (‘Different types of Tertiary geosynclines in the Indies Archipelago’. Discussion of Tertiary basins)


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Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1934)- Tijd en type der tertiaire plooiingen binnen de zone van sterk negatieve afwijkingen der zwaartekracht in den Indischen archipel. Tijdschrift Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen. 51, 1, p. 20-34. (‘Timing and types of Tertiary folding in the zone of negative gravity anomalies in the Indies Archipelago’. With information of Tanimbar stratigraphy from unpublished work by Weber; see Van Bemmelen 1949) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1934)- A short survey of theories on the origin of the East Indian Archipelago. In: F.A. Vening Meinesz (1934)- Gravity expeditions at sea 1923-1932, Waltman, Delft, II, Chapter 7, p. 163-182. (Short critical overview of more than two dozen theories on origin of Indonesian archipelago published since late 1800's) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1935)- Over het ontstaan van den Indischen Archipel. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen. II, 52, p. 17-24. (‘On the origin of the Indies Archipelago’) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1935)- De Pretertiaire historie van den Indischen Archipel. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 7, p. 119155. ('The Pre-Tertiary history of the Indies Archipelago'. Review of Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks in Indonesian Archipelago. With small distribution maps and map/ table showing grouping in 7 Mesozoic tectonostratigraphic units A-G) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1938)- On the time of origin of the submarine relief in the East Indies. C.R. Congr. Int. Geogr., Amsterdam 1938, 2, p. 150-159. Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1938)- Geological history of the East Indies. AAPG Bull. 22, 1, p. 1-70. (Classic overview of geologic evolution Indonesian archipelago) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1948)- The origin of deep-sea troughs in the East Indies. Int. Geol. Congr. 18th Sess., Great Britain, VIII, p. 73-80. (Pre-plate tectonic attempt at explaining origin of deep sea trenches by 'downbuckling of crust') Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1949)- Structural history of the East Indies. Cambridge Univ. Press, 63p. (Concise overview of Indonesian seas, deep sea basins, volcanoes, structural zones and a series of broad paleogeographic maps) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1950)- The origin of deep sea troughs in the East Indies (with discussion). 18th Int. Geol. Congress, Great Britain, 8, p. 73-80. Untung, M. (1996)- Geoscientific study along Jawa-Kalimantan-Sarawak-South China Sea transect. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 163-183. Untung, M. & B.C. Barlow (1981)- The gravity field of Eastern Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryusujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of East Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 53-63. (Strong E-W trending gravity gradient along N coast Irian Jaya, etc.) Vacquier, V. (1984)- Oil fields- a source of heat flow data. Tectonophysics 103, p. 81-98. (Heat flows somewhat elevated in Tertiary basins of W Indonesia, with values decreasing from 130 mW/m2 in C Sumatra to 70 mW/m2 in E Kalimantan) Vanacore, E., F. Niu & H. Kawakatsu (2006)- Observations of the mid-mantle discontinuity beneath Indonesia from S to P converted waveforms. Geoph. Res. Lett. 33, L04302, doi:10.1029/2005GL025106, 4p. (Data from nine deep earthquakes confirmed existence of mid-mantle discontinuity beneath Java arc and also revealed its presence N to Kalimantan. S to P waves converted at discontinuity at depth range ~1080 km in W to ~930 km in E)


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Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1931)- De bicausaliteit der bodembewegingen. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl.-Indie 91, 3, p. 363-413. ('The double causes of ground movements'. First unveiling of Van Bemmelen’s ‘undation theory’, a tectonic theory that is a variation of the oscillation-theory of Haarmann and never found much acceptance. Crystallization processes in upper mantle trigger uplift ('geotumors'), subsidence and outward flows to reestablish hydrostatic equilibrium) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1932)- De undatie-theorie (hare afleiding en toepassing op het westelijk deel van de Soenda boog). Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 92, 1, p. 85-242. (Van Bemmelen’s ‘undation theory’ and its application to the W part of the Sunda orogenic arc). Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1932)- Nadere toelichting der undatie-theorie. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl.-Indie 92, 2, p. 373-402. ('Clarifying comments on the undation-theory'. Reply to critical comments of Van Tuyn & Westerveld (1932)) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1933)- Versuch einer geotektonischen Analyse Sudostasiens nach der Undationstheorie. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 36, 7, p. 730-739. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016473.pdf) ('Attempt at a geotectonic analysis of SE Asia after the undation theory'. Possibly historically interesting, but otherwise very controversial interpretation of SE Asia tectonics) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1933)- Versuch einer geotektonischen Analyse Australiens und des Sudwestpazifik nach der Undationstheorie. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 36, 7, p. 740-749. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016473.pdf) ('Attempt at a geotectonic analysis of Australia and the SW Pacific after the undation theory'. Possibly historically interesting, but otherwise very controversial interpretation of Australia-Pacific tectonics) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1933)- Die Neogene Struktur des Malaysischen Archipels nach der Undationstheorie. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 36, 10, p. 888-897. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016473.pdf) (‘The Neogene structure of the Malay Archipelago after the undation theory’. Possibly historically interesting, but otherwise very controversial interpretation of Indonesia tectonics) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1935)- Over het karakter der jongteriaire ertsgangen in den vulkanischen binnenboog van het Soenda systeem.. Geol. Mijnbouw 14, p. 21-25. ('On the nature of the young Tertiary ore veins in the volcanic inner arc of the Sunda system') Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1935)- Uber die Deutung der Schwerkraft-Anomalien in Niederlandisch Indien. Geol. Rundschau 26, 3, p. 199-226. (‘On the significance of the gravity anomalies in the Netherlands Indies’. Belt of negative gravity anomalies identified by Vening Meinesz and explained by him as downwarping/ buckling of light sialic crust thought to be better explained with Van Bemmelen’s ‘undation theory’) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1938)- On the origin of the Pacific magma types in the volcanic inner arc of the Soenda Mountain System. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 5, 1, p. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1938)- The distribution of the regional isostatic anomalies in the Malayan Archipelago. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie, ser. IV, 5, 4, p. 61-67. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1939)- Gravitational tectogenesis in the Soenda Mountain System. 17th Int. Geol. Congress, Moscow 1937, 2, p. 361-382.


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Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1940)- Bauxiet in Nederlandsch-Indië. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Verslagen en Mededeelingen betreffende Indische delfstoffen en hare toepassingen 23, 115 p. ('Bauxite in Netherlands Indies'. Lateritic weathering of probably basic igneous rocks lead to the formation of bauxite. Occurences in Netherlands Indies on Banka, Bintan, ) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1941)- Origin and mining of bauxite in Netherlands Indie. Econ. Geol. 36, 6, p. 630640. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- The geology of Indonesia. Government Printing Office, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, vol. 1, Geology, 732 p. (also 1970 reprint with updated references list) (Classic overview of pre-WWII knowledge of Indonesia geology. Still the most comprehensive compilation of geology of region. Excellent documentation of the state of knowledge of regional geology and stratigraphy of Indonesia at the end of the colonial period. Tectonic interpretations using the 'undation theory' model are controversial and outdated) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- The geology of Indonesia. Government Printing Office, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, vol. 2, Economic geology, 265p. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- The geology of Indonesia. Government Printing Office, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, vol. 3, Plates. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1950)- On the origin of igneous rocks in Indonesia. Geol. Mijnbouw 12, 7, p. 207-220. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1950)- Gravitational tectogenesis in Indonesia. Geol. Mijnbouw 12, 12, p. 351-361. (Only vertical movements are result of endogenic forces. All other tectonic forces are reactions to gravitation) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1952)- De geologische geschiedenis van Indonesie. Van Stockum, Den Haag, 139 p. (‘The geological history of Indonesia’. Popular summary of Indonesia geological evolution) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1953)- Relations entre le volcanisme et la tectogenese en Indonesie. Bull.Volc., ser. II, 13, p. 57-62. (‘Relations between volcanism and tectonics in Indonesia’) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1954)- Mountain building; a study primarily based on Indonesia region of the world’s most active deformations. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 177 p. (Pre-plate tectonics text book on mountain building, primarily based on Indonesian geology. Interpreted mainly in terms of Van Bemmelen's controversial and outdated 'undation theory') Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1955)- L’evolution orogenetique de la Sonde (Indonesie). Bull. Soc. Belge Geol. Pal. Hydr. 64, 1, p. 124-152. (‘The orogenetic evolution of Indonesia’. Another overview of Indonesia tectonic evolution in terms of the preplate-tectonic ‘undation theory’) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1961)- Volcanology and geology of ignimbrites in Indonesia, North Italy, and the USA. Geologie Mijnbouw 40, 12, 14 p. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1965)- Mega-undations as the cause of continental drift. Geol. Mijnbouw 44, 9, p. 320333. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1965)- The evolution of the Indian Ocean mega-undation (causing the Indico-fugal spreading of Gondwana fragments). Tectonophysics 2, 1, p. 29-57. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1976)- Plate tectonics and the undation model. Tectonophysiscs 32, p. 145-182.


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(Final paper on Van Bemmelen's undation theory' first proposed by him in 1931, but never found acceptance, especially after the advent of plate tectonics theory) Van der Voo, R. (1993)- Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic, Tethys and Iapetus Oceans. Cambridge Univ. Press, 411 p. (Review of global paleomagnetic data, including Sibumasu, Borneo, E Indonesia, etc.. Misool-Timor probably not continuously part of Australian Plate: Misool paleolatitudes 10-20° lower than predicted if remained with Australia. Large rotations suggested for Cretaceous of Sumba and Timor) Van Es, L.J.C. (1919)- De tectoniek van de westelijke helft van de Oost Indische Archipel. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 46 (1917), Verhand. 2, p. 15-144. (‘The tectonics of the western half of the East Indies Archipelago’. Synthesis of Western Indonesia geology as known in 1917) Van Es, L.J.C. (1918)- De voorhistorische verhoudingen van land en zee in den Oost-Indischen Archipel, en de invloed daarvan op de verspreiding der diersoorten. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 45 (1916), Verhand. 2, p. 255-304. ('The prehistoric relationships of land and sea in the East Indies Archipeago and its influence on the distribution of the animal species'. Pliocene paleogeography of Indonesian archipelago) Van Gool, M., W.J. Huson, R. Prawirasasra & T.R. Owen (1987)- Heat flow and seismic observations in the northwestern Banda Arc. J. Geophys. Res. 92, B3, p. 2581-2586. (High heat flow values in centers of three basins in NW Banda Arc. Average in N Buru basin 161 mW/m2. Two small, N-S to NW-SE elongated subbasins in Lucipara basin 175 and 134, mW/m2, respectively. High heat flow in N Buru and Lucipara basins interpreted to be result of recent E-W strike-slip movement in NW Banda Arc) Van Hinte, J.E., T.C.E. van Weering & A.R. Fortuin (eds.) (1989)- Proceedings of the Snellius II Symposium, Geology and geophysics of the Banda Arc and adjacent areas, Jakarta 1987, vol. 1. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 93-381. Van Hinte, J.E., T.C.E. van Weering & A.R. Fortuin (eds.) (1989)- Proceedings of the Snellius II Symposium, Geology and geophysics of the Banda Arc and adjacent areas, Jakarta 1987, vol.2. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 4, p. 383-622. Van Leeuwen, T.M. (1994)- 25 years of mineral exploration and discovery in Indonesia. J. Geochem. Explor. 50, 1-3, p. 13-90. (History of mineral exploration by foreign companies in Indonesia between 1967 and 1991. Four main phases: (1): 1967-1976) mostly investigations of mineral prospects previously identified by Dutch; (2) (1970-1975) extensive porphyry copper search in Sunda arc, W Sulawesi and central belt of Irian Jaya; (3) (1981-1988) extensive coal exploration in S and E Kalimantan; (4) (1984-1990) major gold rush, focused primarily on Cenozoic magmatic belts of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Moluccas and Sunda arc) Van Tuyn, J. & J. Westerveld (1931)- Opmerkingen naar aanleiding der 'undatie theorie' van Bemmelen en hare toepassing op het westelijk deel van de Soendaboog. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie 92, p. 341-372. (Critical review of Van Bemmelen’s new tectonic 'undation theory' and its application to the western part of the Sunda Arc) Vening Meinesz, F.A. (1930)- Maritime gravity survey in the Netherlands East Indies, tentative interpretation of provisional results. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 33, p. 566-577. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015922.pdf) (First account of Vening Meinesz' well-known shipboard gravity work. Principal feature discovered is a ~100 miles wide narrow strip of strong negative anomalies through whole archipelago (W of Sumatra, S of Java, islands of Timor, Tanimbar, Kei, Seram, then to North), bordered at both sides by fields of positive anomalies. With map of ship traverses and stations, and axis of negative gravity anomalies)


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Vening Meinesz, F.A. (1932)- Gravity expeditions at sea 1923-1932. Vol. I. The expeditions, the computations and the results. Netherlands Geol. Comm., Delft. Vening Meinesz, F.A. (1939)- De theorie van Wegener. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 56, p. 453-457. (Geophysical work in Netherlands Indies and other regions no clear data to support or negate the Wegener theory of continental drift) Vening Meinesz, F.A. (1940)- The earth's crust deformation in the East Indies. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch, Amsterdam 43, 3, p. 278-293. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017410.pdf) (New regional isostatic gravity anomaly map of Indonesia. Shift of axis of Sunda-Banda trench minimum gravity zone between Sumba and Timor) Vening Meinesz, F.A. (1946)- Deep focus and intermediate earthquakes in the East Indies. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam 49, 8, p. 855-865. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015922.pdf) Vening Meinesz, F.A. (1954)- Indonesian archipelago- a geophysical study. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 65, p. 143-164. (Early paper on belts of strong negative gravity anomalies and the theory of ‘crustal downbuckling’ (which came close to recognizing subduction)) Vening Meinesz, F.A., J.H.F. Umbgrove & Ph. H. Kuenen (1934)- Gravity expeditions at sea 1923-1932. Vol. II. The interpretation of the results. Gravity, geology and morphology of the East Indian archipelago. Netherlands Netherlands Geodetic Commision, Ed. Waltman, Delft, p. 109-194. Verbeek, R.D.M. (1900)- Voorlopig verslag over eene geologische reis door het oostelijk gedeelte van den Indischen Archipel. Extra bijvoegsel Javasche Courant 1900, 66, p. 3-48. ('Preliminary account of a geological trip through the eastern part of the Indies Archipelago'. Early summary of Verbeek (1908) book) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1908)- Molukkenverslag. Geologische verkenningstochten in het oostelijke gedeelte van den Nederlandsch Oostindische Archipel. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 37 (1908), Wetensch. Ged., 826p. + Atlas (‘Moluccas Report- geological reconnaissance trips in the eastern part of the Netherlands East Indies archipelago’. Classic early geological reconnaissance survey of 250 islands in E Indonesia, and last of Verbek's voluminous reports on geology of parts of Indonesia. Includes brief paleontological reports by specialist paleontologists. 'Old schist formation' metamorphics rel. widespread. Permian present on Timor and adjacent islands, possibly also on Ambon and Babar. Widespread marine Mesozoic sediments. TriassicJurassic rocks and faunas similarities with Himalyas and Alps, etc. ) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1908)- Rapport sur les Moluques. Reconnaissances geologiques dan la partie orientale de l'archipel des Indes orientales neerlandaises. Government Printing Office, Batavia, 844 p. + Atlas. (French edition of Verbeek (1908)) Vergnolle, M., E. Calais & L. Dong (2007)- Dynamics of continental deformation in Asia. J. Geophys. Res. 112, B11403, p. 1-22. (Another model of Asia tectonic plates relative horizontal motions from GPS measurements) Verstappen, H.Th. (2010)- Indonesian landforms and plate tectonics. J. Geol. Indonesia 5, 3, p. 197-207. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/275)


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(Landforms in Indonesia resulted primarily from plate tectonics. Greatest relief amplitudes near plate boundaries: deep ocean trenches at subduction zones and mountain ranges at collision belts. Living and raised coral reefs, volcanoes, and fault scarps are important geomorphic indicators of active plate tectonics) Villeneuve, M., J.J. Cornee, J.P. Rehault, C. Honthaas et al. (2000)- Tectonostratigraphy of the East Indonesian blocks. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1511. (Abstract). Villeneuve, M., R. Martini, H. Bellon, J.P. Rehault, J.J. Cornee, O. Bellier, S. Burhannuddin, F. Hinschberger, C. Honthaas & C. Monnier (2010)- Deciphering of six blocks of Gondwanan origin within Eastern Indonesia (South East Asia). Gondwana Res. 18, p. 420-437. (E Indonesia 3 main plates (Eurasian, Indo-Australian, Philippine-Pacific), 7 blocks (six from NE Gondwanan margin, Halmahera from Pacific plate). Timor and Kolonodale (or Argo) blocks came from NW Australian margin. Lucipara, Seram and Banggai-Sula blocks originated from W extension of PNG while Irian Jaya block is still linked to N Australian margin. Timor and Kolonodale blocks detached from Gondwana in Jurassic; Lucipara, Seram and Bangga-Sula detached from PNG in Neogene. All Gondwanan blocks collided with Eurasian active margin near Sulawesi. Timor and Kolonodale joined Eurasian margin by end Paleogene. Lucipara, Seram and Banggai-Sula collided with Sulawesi between M Miocene- M Pliocene and, with Kolonodale, suffered opening of N and S Banda back-arc basins by Late Miocene. Timor block moved S with S margin of S Banda basin and collided with N Australian margin in M Pliocene) Villeneuve, M., J.P. Rehault, J.J. Cornee, C. Honthaas & W. Gunawan (1998)- Geodynamic evolution of Eastern Indonesia from the Eocene to the Pliocene. Compt. Rend. Acad Sci. Paris, Ser. IIA, Earth Plan. Sci. 327, 5, p. 291-302. (Geodynamic reconstruction based on evolution of 4 continental blocks, trapped by convergence of Asian, Australian and Pacific plates: (1) Banda (= dismembered E Sulawesi, Buru, Seram, Sinta Ridge), (2) BanggaiSula, (3) Lucipara (S Banda Ridges, Tukang-Besi Ridge + Kur, Tanimbar; Oligocene-E Miocene arc, with E Miocene metamorphism event) and (4) Halmahera. Main events: (1) Late Eocene-Oligocene collision Banda block- Sulawesi; (2) E Miocene collision Lucipara Block (incl. Tukang Besi)- Banda Block in Buton; (3) Late Miocene extension with opening of N. Banda, S. Banda, Savu basins; (4) E Pliocene collision Banggai Sula- E Sulawesi; (5) Late Pliocene collisions of Australia and Banda and Irian Jaya blocks. Timor with its Late Miocene calc-alkaline intrusions in N was part of Banda Arc before M Pliocene collision with Australia) Villeneuve, M., J. P. Rehault, J. J. Cornee, C. Honthaas, W. Gunawan, Geobanda-Group (1998)- The main steps of the geodynamic evolution of Eastern Indonesia since Upper Eocene times. In: The geodynamics of S and SE Asia (GEODYSSEA) Project, p. 264-275. Visser, S.W. (1930)- On the distribution of earthquakes in the Netherlands East Indian Archipelago II, 19021926. Verhand. Kon. Magnet. en Meteor. Observ. Batavia, 22, Albrecht, Weltevreden, 120 p. Visser, S.W. (1937)- A connection between deep-focus earthquakes and anomalies of terrestrial magmatism and gravity. Terr. Magn. And Atm. Electr. 42, 4, p. 361-362. Visser, S.W. (1938)- Seismic isobaths in the East Indian Archipelago. Gerlands Beitr. Geophysik 53, p. 389391. Volz, W. (1912)- Der Malaiische Archipel, sein Bau und sein Zusammenhang mit Asien. Sitzungsber. Phys.Mediz. Soz. Erlangen 44, p. 178-204. ('The Malay Archipelago: its framework and relation with Asia'. Early, obsolete tectonic model of Indonesia) Voris, H.K. (2000)- Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations. J. Biogeography 27, 5, p. 1153-1167. (Rather simplistic series of maps from Australia to Sri Lanka to Taiwan showing areas of exposed land in IndoAustralian region during periods of Pleistocene when sea levels were below present day levels)


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Vroon, P.Z., M.J. Van Bergen & E.J. Forde (1996)- Pb and Nd isotope constraints on the provenance of tectonically dispersed continental fragments in East Indonesia. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 445-453. (Pb-Nd isotope signatures of igneous and (meta) sedimentary rocks from E Indonesia continental fragments help identify provenance areas: Ambon-Seram= southern New Guinea, Bacan= North Australia, Banda Ridges = ‘Pacific’ New Guinea and Sumba= Sundaland) VSI (Volcanological Survey Indonesia) (2005)- Geothermal resources in Indonesia. Volc. Survey Indon. (VSI) Geothermal Division, p. (http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/pbumi/index.html) Wahju, B.N. (2004)- Current status of mining in Indonesia. J. Mines, Metals and Fuels 52, p. 158-166. Wakita, K. (1996)- Cretaceous subduction, accretion and collison along the southeastern margin of Sundaland. In: S.Y. Kim et al. (eds.) Proc. 32nd Ann. Sess.Coord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Tsukuba 1995, p. 201-218. (Early version of Wakita series of papers on Cretaceous accretionary complexes at SE Sundaland margin, particularly Luk-Ulo melange complex in C Java and Bantimala Complex of S Sulawesi) Wakita, K. (1997)- Oceanic plate stratigraphy and tectonics in East and Southeast Asia. In: P. Dheeradilok et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific and IGCP 359 and IGCP 383, Bangkok, 1, p. 388-401. (Components of ancient accretionary complexes include pillow basalt, limestone, radiolarian chert and shale, ultramafic rocks, glaucophane schist, etc. Radiolarian biostratigraphy useful for reconstruction of accretionary complexes, as shown in example of Luk-Ulo Melange of C Java. Lithologic successions in different tectonic units similar and reflect ‘Oceanic Plate Stratigraphy’ sequence: birth of oceanic plate at oceanic ridge, formation of volcanic islands near ridge covered by reefs, calcilutite sedimentation at flank of volcanic islands, pelagic deposition of radiolarians on oceanic plate, mixing with detrital clays to form hemipelagic siliceous shale, and deposition of sandstone- shale near trench of convergent margin. Radiolarian biostratigraphy shows oceanic plate subduction occurred continuously along paleo-trench during Cretaceous) Wakita, K. (1999)- Mesozoic melange formation in Indonesia; with special reference to Jurassic melanges of Japan. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA '98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 19-30. (Cretaceous mélange in C Java (Luk Ulo), S Sulawesi (Bantimala) and S Kalimantan (Meratus) mainly polymict clasts in muddy matrix. Common blocks of metamorphic and ultrabasic rocks derived from blocks exhumed following microcontinent collision) Wakita, K. (2000)- Cretaceous accretionary: collision complexes in central Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, 6, p. 739-749. (Cretaceous accretionary complexes in W Java (Ciletuh), C Java (Karangsambung, Jiwo), S and C Sulawesi and S Kalimantan(Meratus, P. Laut) reflect Cretaceous convergent SE margin of Sundaland craton. This margin surrounded by marginal sea, with immature volcanic arc at periphery. Oceanic plate subducted beneath arc from S, carrying microcontinents detached from Gondwanaland. Accretionary wedge with fragments of oceanic crust. Jurassic shallow marine allochthonous formation was emplaced by collision of continental blocks in Bantimala, S Sulawesi. Collision exhumed very high pressure metamorphic rocks from deeper part of accretionary wedge) Wakita, K. & I. Metcalfe (2005)- Ocean plate stratigraphy in East and Southeast Asia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, p. 679-702. (Ancient accretionary wedges recognized by glaucophane schist, radiolarian chert and melange. Typical ‘Ocean Plate Stratigraphy’ (OPS) from old to young: pillow basalt (birth of oceanic plate at mid-ocean ridge), limestone (ridge covered by reefs), radiolarian chert (pelagic sediment), siliceous shale (mixed radiolarians and detrital grains in hemipelagic setting) and shale- sandstone (sedimentation at or near trench of convergent margin). Radiolarian biostratigraphy provides information on time and duration of ocean plate subduction)


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Wakita, K., I. Metcalfe, S. Hada & M.J.N. Daigo (2000)- Digital terrane map of East and Southeast Asia. Geosciences J. 4, p. 19-22. Wakita, K., K. Miyazaki, J. Sopaheluwakan, I. Zulkarnain, C. Parkinson & Munasri (1997)- Cretaceous subduction complexes along the southeastern margin of Sundaland. Mem. Geol. Soc. Japan 48, p. 152-162. (Sundaland surrounded by accretionary complexes and accreted microcontinents rifted from Gondwanaland. Cretaceous accretionary complexes in C Java, S Sulawesi and S Kalimantan similar components, but different histories. Luk-Ulo, C Java, subduction complex formed by continuous subduction of oceanic plate throughout Cretaceous. Meratus, S Kalimantan, also product of oceanic plate subduction in island arc setting. Bantimala, S Sulawesi, ocean plate subduction followed by collision of continental fragment) Waluyo (1992)- Seismotectonics of eastern Indonesian region. Ph.D.Thesis St. Louis University, 343 p. Wang, J.H., A. Yin, T.M. Harrison, M. Grove, Y.Q. Zhang & G.H. Xie (2001)- A tectonic model for Cenozoic igneous activities in the eastern Indo-Asian collision zone. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 188, p. 123-133. Wanner, J. (1907)- Triaspetrefakten der Molukken und des Timorarchipels. Neues Jahrbuch Miner. Geol. Pal., Beil. Bd. 24, p. 161-220. (’Triassic fossils from the Moluccas and Timor Archipelago’. Overview of Triassic faunas of Misool, Seram, Timor, Roti, Savu. ’Alpine’ mollusc Monotis salinaria and brachiopod Halorella spp. common on E Seram. Massive U Triassic limestones of E Seram (with solitary coral species Montlivaltia molukkana n.sp.) may be lenses in flysch section. Daonella spp. From Misool, Roti, Timor) Wanner, J. (1910)- Neues uber die Perm-, Trias- und Juraformation des Indo-Australischen Archipels. Centralblatt Miner., Geol. Pal. 22, p. 736-741. ('News on the Permian, Triassic and Jurassic formations of the Indo- Australian Archipelago') Wanner, J. (1910)- Einige geologische Ergebnisse einer im Jahre 1909 ausgefuhrten Reise durch den Ostlichen Teil des indoaustralischen Archipels: Vorlaufige Mitteilung. Centralblatt Miner., Geol. Pal. 1910, 5, p. 137-147. ('Some geological results of a 1909 trip through the eastern part of the Indo-Australian Archipelago') Wanner, J. (1921)- Zur Tektonik der Molukken. Geol. Rundschau 12, 3-5, p. 155-165. (Early paper on the tectonics of the Moluccas) Wanner, J. (1925)- Die Malaiische Geosynklinale im Mesozoikum. Verh. Geol. Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 569-599. (‘The Malayan geosyncline in the Mesozoic’. Rel. detailed review of Mesozoic stratigraphy and macrofaunas across Indonesia) Wanner, J. (1931)- Echinodermata In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5 (K. Martin memorial volume), p. 436-460. (Listings of fossil echinodermata described from Indonesia) Wanner, J. (1931)- Mesozoikum In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5 (K. Martin memorial volume), p. 567-609. (Review of distribution of Mesozoic rocks in E Indonesia, Sumatra, Borneo, etc.) Wanner, J. (1940)- Gesteinsbildende Foraminiferen aus dem Malm und Unterkreide des ostlichen Ostindischen Archipels, nebst Bemerkungen uber Orbulinaria Rhumbler und andere verwandte Foraminiferen. Palaeont. Zeitschr. 22, 2, p. 75-99. (‘Rock-building foraminifera from the Malm and Lower Cretaceous in the eastern East Indies Archipelago’. First description of Upper Jurassic calcispheres Stomiosphaera moluccana and Cadosina fusca from Timor, Misool, Seram, Roti, Buton and E Sulawesi. Marker species for latest Jurassic (+earliest Cretaceous? (NB: these are not foraminifera; HvG))


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Waterhouse, J.B. (1973)- Permian brachiopod correlations for South-East Asia. In: Proc. Regional Conf. Geology of Southeast Asia, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia. 6, p. 187-210. (Correlations of Permian sections in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Burma, etc., using fusulinids, brachiopods and ammonoids) Watkinson, I.M., R. Hall, M.A. Cottam, I. Sevastjanova, S. Suggate, I. Gunawan et al. (2012)- New insights into the geological evolution of Eastern Indonesia from recent research projects by the SE Asia Research Group. Berita Sedimentologi 23, p. 21-27. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/ ) (Brief review of ongoing Indonesia research projects at University of London/ Royal Holloway group) Wegener, A. (1922)- Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeanen. 3rd ed, Vieweg, Braunschweig, p. ('The origin of the continents and oceans'. Classic book on continental drift theory. Explanation for arcuate shape of Banda Arc by NW movement of Australia- New Guinea continent into Indonesian archipelago) Wensink, H. (1987)- Displaced terranes of Gondwana origin in Indonesia: paleomagnetic implications. Annal. Soc. Geol. du Nord VII, p. 81-87. (Summary of paleomag data. Timor: Permian is displaced terrane of Australian origin; Early Cretaceous deep sea sediment formed ~1000 km to S, shifted N with N drift of Australia). Original position of Misool rel. to Australia was farther N than today) Westerveld, J. (1936)- The granites of the Malayan tin belt compared with tin-granites from other regions. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 39, 10, p. 1199-1209. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016993.pdf) (Great petrographic uniformity of tin-bearing and related granite rocks of Inner Malayan Arc (Malay PeninsuIa, Indonesia Tin Islands, etc.) Tin-granites end-stages of differentiation of acid magmas, with proportions of main constituents not essentially different from non- tin-bearing biotite-granites) Westerveld, J. (1939)- Metaalprovincies in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie. Public address at the start of position of lecturer in economic geology at the University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam, 30p. ('Metal provinces in the Netherlands East Indies'. Four main metallogenic provinces: (1) tin islands BangkaBillition, etc. (2) Gold-silver mineralization on Sumatra, associated with ?Cretaceous intrusives, (3) W and S Sumatra gold-silver associated with post-Miocene intrusives and (4) nickel-iron in Banda Arc- E Sulawesi, associated with ultrabasic rocks) Westerveld, J. (1949)- Fasen van gebergtevorming en ertsprovincies in Nederlands Oost-Indie. De Ingenieur 1949, 12-13, p. 1-25. ('Phases of mountain building and ore provinces in Netherlands East Indies'. W of New Guinea four concentric orogens: (1) Late Jurassic Malaya orogen, connecting W Borneo with E Burma through Malaya, with tin, gold and bauxite; (2) Cretaceous Sumatra orogen (Sumatra-Java- SE Borneo), with Au-Ag-bearing base metals in Sumatra, iron laterites and diamond-gold placers in Borneo (3) M Miocene Sunda orogen from W Burma through inner Sunda islands to W arc of Sulawesi, with epithermal Au-Ag-and Mn-ores; (4) Late Cretaceous- M Miocene Moluccas orogen through outer Sunda islands and E arm of Sulawesi, with nickel and lateritic iron ores on peridotites. Good maps of ore deposits) Westerveld, J. (1952)- Phases of mountain building and mineral provinces in the East Indies. Repts. 18th Sess. Int. Geol. Congr., Great Britain 1948, Sect. 1, 13, p. 245-255. (Abbreviated, English version of above paper) Wheeler, P. & N. White (2000)- Quest for dynamic topography: observations from Southeast Asia. Geology 28, 11, p. 963-966. (Absence of measurable dynamic topography in SE Asia)


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Wheeler, P. & N. White (2002)- Measuring dynamic topography: an analysis of Southeast Asia. Tectonics 21, 1040, doi:10.1029/2001TC900023, p. (Models of dynamic topography generated by subducting slabs, predict ~1-2 km of subsidence on wavelengths of 100- 1000 km. Existence of such subsidence important for understanding basin formation, relative sea level changes, etc. Analysis of SE Asia constrains maximum amplitude of dynamic subsidence to ~300 m with range of 0-500 m, less than predicted. Distribution of anomalous subsidence suggests this may not be caused by dynamic topography and subducting slabs) White, N.C., M.J. Leake, S.N. McCaughey & B.W. Parris (1995)- Epithermal gold deposits of the southwest Pacific. J. Geochem. Expl. 54, 2, p. 87-136. (Data tabulation for 137 epithermal gold deposits and prospects in Australia (30), Fiji (2), Indonesia (43), New Zealand (22), Palau and Yap (2), Papua New Guinea (18), the Philippines (19), and Solomon Islands (1). Epithermal deposits in SW Pacific similar to other regions, but low-sulfidation style deposits formed at deeper levels than typical elsewhere and high-sulfidation deposits more common than along NE Pacific margin. Differences can be partly understood in terms of tectonic setting and evolution of volcanic arcs of SW Pacific) Wichmann, A. (1890)- Bericht uber eine im Jahre 1888-89 im Auftrag der Niederlandischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ausgefuhrte Reise nach dem Indischen Archipel, Part 1: I. Java and II. Celebes. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 1890, 7, p. 907-994. (Part 1 of report on geographic reconnaissance trip to Indies Archipelago (Java, Sulawesi, Flores, Rotti und Timor) by first geology professor at Utrecht University Wichmann, supported by Netherlands Geographical Society. Mainly travel and scenery descriptions) Wichmann, A. (1925)- Geologische Ergebnisse der Siboga Expedition. Siboga Monogr. LXVI, Brill, Leiden, p. 1-164. (Geological results of rocks collected during the 1899-1900 Siboga marine expedition around Banda arc islands, etc. Schists-phyllites-amphibolites on small islands between Seram and Kai strikingly similar to Seram pre-Upper Triassic; Valk 1945, p. 38) Widiyantoro, S., J.D. Pesicek & C.H. Thurber (2011)- Complex structure of the lithospheric slab beneath the Banda arc, eastern Indonesia depicted by a seismic tomographic model, Res. in Geophys. 1, 1e, p. 1-6. (New seismic tomographic images of E Indonesia confirm previous observations of spoon-shaped structure of subducted slab beneath curved Banda arc. A slab lying flat on 660 km discontinuity beneath Banda Sea is also well imaged. Data support scenario of Banda arc subduction rollback. Slab detachment beneath Buru also confirmed by new model) Widiyantoro, S., J.D. Pesicek & C.H. Thurber (2011)- Subducting slab structure below the eastern Sunda Arc inferred from non-linear seismic tomographic imaging. In: R. Hall et al. (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 139-155. (New seismic tomographic images across Sunda Arc from Java to Timor. Confirm previous observations of hole in subducted slab in upper mantle beneath E Java. Images also suggest tear in slab below E-most part of Sunda arc, where the down-going slab is deflected in the mantle transition zone) Widiyantoro, S. & R. van der Hilst (1996)- Structure and evolution of subducted lithosphere beneath the Sunda arc, Indonesia. Science 271, p. 1566-1570. (Tomographic imaging reveals seismic anomalies below Sunda island arc, suggesting lithospheric slab down to at least 1500 km. Sunda slab forms E end of deep anomaly associated with past subduction of Mesozoic Tethys Ocean. Lithospheric slab continuous feature from surface to lower mantle below Java, with local deflection where slab continues into lower mantle. Deep slab seems detached from upper mantle slab beneath Sumatra) Widiyantoro, S. & R. van der Hilst (1997)- Mantle structure beneath Indonesia inferred from high-resolution tomographic imaging. Geophys. J. Int. 130, p. 167-182. (Tomographic inversions give images of subducted slabs. Beniof zone steep (60°N) below Java, gently dipping at 60° W below E Banda Arc. Sunda Arc slab below 300 km looks detached in Sumatra, possibly also in Java) Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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Wiyanto, B., Sulistiyono, T. Junaedi & S. Hadipanjoyo (2009)- The re-analysis of the mature western area of Indonesian Tertiary basins for finding additional oil and gas resources. Lemigas Scient. Contr. 32, 1, p. 45-55. Wikarno, R., T. Hardjono & D.S. Graha (1993)- Distribution of radiometric ages in Indonesia. 1:5,000,000. map. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Wilson, P. & G.W. Michel (1998)- The geodynamics of S and SE Asia (GEODYSSEA) Project. GeoForschungs Zentrum Potsdam, Scient. Techn. Report 98/14, 359p. Wilson, P., J. Rais & The GEODYSSEA project (1998)- An investigation of the geology and geodynamics of South and Southeast Asia. In: P. Wilson, G.W. Michel (eds.) The geodynamics of S and SE Asia (GEODYSSEA) Project, Scientific Techn. Report STR, 98/14, p. 9-27. Wilson, P., J. Rais, C. Reigber, E. Reinhart, B.A.C. Ambrosius, X. Le Pichon et al. (1998)- Study provides data on active plate tectonics in Southeast Asia Region. AGU Eos Trans. 79, 45, p. 545-549. (On GEODYSSEA Geodynamics of SE Asia GPS project) Wing Easton, N. (1921)- Het ontstaan van den Maleischen archipel in het licht van Wegener’s hypothesen. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 38, p. 484-512. ('The origin of the malay Archipelago in the light of Wegener's hypotheses'. Early paper in support of Wegener's continental drift theory. Major differences in geology between W and E part of ‘Malay Archipelago’ lend support to model of series of drifing continental plates, with E Indonesian islands derived from Australia) Wing Easton, N. (1921)- On some extensions of Wegener's hypothesis and their bearing upon the meaning of the terms geosynclines and isostasy. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. ser.5, p. 113-133. (General discussion of Wegener's continental drift theory, with few references to W Borneo geology. Of historic interest only) Wirakusumah, A.D. (2008)- Tectonics and geothermal potential of Indonesia. In: J.A. Katili et al. (eds.) Tectonics and resources of Central and SE Asia (Halbouty volume), Pusat Survei Geol., Bandung, Spec. Publ. 34, p. 139-150. (251 geothermal fields identified in Indonesia. 80% can be tied to volcanic processes, in four volcanic arcs) Wiryosujono, S. & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1978)- Ophiolite in Eastern Indonesia. In: P. Nutulaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geology and Mineral Resources SE Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok, Asian Inst. Techn., p. 641- 651. (Most or all mafic-ultramafic assemblages in E Indonesia may be regarded as ophiolites, but complete suites only on Timor and E Sulawesi) Witoelar Kartaadiputra, L., Z. Ahmad & A. Reymond (1982)- Deep-sea basins in Indonesia. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 53-81. Wood, B.G.M. (1985)- The mechanics of progressive deformation in crustal plates- a working model for Southeast Asia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 18, p. 55-99. (A model for Tertiary deformation of SE Asian plates, linking Wrench Tectonics and Plate Tectonics) Yokoyama; T. & S. Nishimura (1981)- Results of age determination of Neogene rocks in Indonesia. Proc. 4th Reg. Conf. Geol. Mineral Energy Res. Southeast Asia, Manila 1981, p. 239-244. Zwierzycki, J. (1925)- Overzicht der Triasformatie in Nederlandsch Indie. Verh. Geol. Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Serie, 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 633-648. (‘Overview of the Triassic formations in Indonesia’. Everywhere in Indies Triassic developed in ‘Alpine facies’. Lower- Middle Triassic found only on Timor. Upper Triassic also on Savu/ Roti, Leti/Babar, Ceram, Ambon, Misool, Buru, Buton, Borneo, Lingga, Sumatra and Malay Peninsula)


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Zwierzycki, J. (1928)- The stratigraphy of the coal and oil fields in the Netherlands East Indies. Proc. 3rd Pan Pacific Sci. Congr., Tokyo 1926, 2, p. 1572-1593 Zwierzycki, J. (1930)- Toelichting bij de geotektonische kaart van Nederlandsch-Indie. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 58 (1929), Verhand, p. 347-371. (Explanatory notes of geotectonic map of the Netherlands East Indies, with map at scale 1:5,000,000. Assumes all metamorphic rocks are Paleozoic or older and maps a limited number of ‘orogenic periods’:midCretaceous (Sumatra), base Eocene?, Miocene (East), Late Pliocene (West part of archipelago))


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I.2. SE Asia General, Tectonics, Paleobiogeography Achache, J., A. Abtout & J.J. Mouel (1987)- The downward confirmation of Magsat crustal anomaly field over Southeast Asia. J. Geophys. Res. 92, B11, p. 11,584-11,596. Achache, J., V. Coutillot & J. Besse (1983)- Paleomagnetic constraints on the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic tectonics of Southeast Asia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 63, p. 123-136. (Cretaceous- Cenozoic paleomagnetic data show negligible rotation of S China and clockwise rotation of Indochina, consistent with Tapponier India indentation model. Malaya and Borneo data can be reconciled with model, but less straightforward. Large counter clockwise rotation of S Tibet implies rotation with India during collision. M Cretaceous reconstruction of S margin of Asia shows continuity of geological features in Tibet and Indochina, with active subduction of Indian plate oceanic crust taking place to S at subtropical latitudes) Acharyya, S.K. (1998)- Break-up of the Greater Indo-Australian continent and accretion of blocks framing South and East Asia. J. Geodynamics 26, 1, p. 149-170. (Plate tectonic history of SE Asia, with some emphasis on India-Andaman region. Tibet and ‘Sibumasu’ continental blocks rifted from N margin of Gondwanan Indo-Australia in Permo-Carboniferous; IndoBurmaAndamans, Sikuleh, Lolotoi (Timor) microcontinents did so in Late Jurassic, etc.) Acharyya, S.K. (2000)- Break up of Australia-India-Madagascar Block, opening of the Indian Ocean and continental accretion in Southeast Asia with special reference to the characteristics of the peri-Indian collision zones. Gondwana Res. 3, p. 425-443. (Tibetan and Sibumasu - West Yunnan continental blocks were located adjacent to proto-Himalayan part of Indian continent, rifted and drifted from N margin of E Gondwana continent in Late Palaeozoic. Indo-BurmaAndaman (IBA), Sikule and Lolotoi blocks rifted and drifted from same margin in Late Jurassic,followed by break-up of Australia-India-Madagascar continental block in Cretaceous) Agematsu S. & K. Sashida (2009)- Ordovician sea-level change and paleogeography of the Sibumasu Terrane based on the conodont biostratigraphy. Paleont. Res. 13, 4, p. 327-336. (Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of Sibumasu terrane in Thailand- Langkawi- N Malaysia. Faunal affinity of conodonts suggest Sibumasu was close to Australia and N China, at that time located in low paleolatitudes) Ager, D.V.A. & D.L. Sun (1988)- Distribution of Mesozoic brachiopods on the northern and southern shores of Tethys. Palaeontologia Cathyana, 4, p. 23-51. (a.o. Late Triassic Misolia widely distributed in S Tethys; genus recorded from Middle East to E Indonesia) Aitchison, J.C., J.R. Ali & A.M. Davis (2007)- When and where did India and Asia collide? J. Geophys. Res. 112, B05423, p. 1-19. (Abrupt slowdown in India- Asia convergence rate around 55 Ma widely regarded as indicating beginning of collision, but most effects of this major tectonic episode do not occur until >20 Ma later. India and Asia not close enough to one another to have collided at 55 Ma. Continent-continent collision began around EoceneOligocene boundary, ~34 Ma) Ali, J.R. (2006)- Biogeographical and geological evidence for a smaller, completely-enclosed Pacific basin in the Late Cretaceous: a comment. J. Biogeogr. 33, 9, p. 1670-1674. Ali, J.R. & J.C. Aitchison (2000)- Gondwana to Asia: plate tectonics, paleogeography and the biological connectivity of the Indian sub-continent from the Middle Jurassic through latest Eocene (166-35 Ma). Earth Sci. Rev. 88, p. 145-166. (Mainly on India-Asia collision) Ali, J.R. & J.C. Aitchison (2005)- Greater India. Earth Sci. Rev. 72, p. 169-188. (Pre-collisional ‘Greater India’ probably extended 500-950 km under Main Boundary Thrust, broadly compatible geophysically-derived models of subducted Indian lithosphere under Tibet and estimates of


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Himalayan shortening. N India did not have thinned rifted passive margin due to earlier rifting, but was probably transform margin with narrow (5-10 km wide) ocean-continent transition zone) Archbold, N.W. (1983)- Permian marine invertebrate provinces of the Gondwanan realm. Alcheringa 7, p. 5973. Archbold, N.W. (1987)- South-western Pacific Permian and Triassic marine faunas: their distribution and implications for terrane identification. In: E.C. Leith & E. Scheibner (eds.) Terrane accretion and orogenic belts, Am. Geophys. Union, Geodyn. Ser. 19, p. 119-127. (Three provinces of SW Pacific Permian faunas: (1) Cimmerian (Arabia to Irian Jaya, Timor: cold earliest Permian with bivalve Eurydesma, etc., warm-tropical later in E Permian), (2) Westralian (cold earliest Permian followed by temperate faunas, with tropical elements only in Late Permian) and (3) Austrazean (E Australia- New Zealand, New Caledonia) cold and cool temperate conditions throughout Permian). Marine Triassic faunas two provinces: (1) Tethyan- cosmopolitan, (2) cool Maori Province in New Zealand (not including Torlesse)) Archbold, N.W. (1998)- Correlations of Western Australian Permian and Permian Ocean circulation patterns. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 110, p. 85-106. Archbold, N.W. (1999)- Permian Gondwanan correlations: the significance of the western Australian marine Permian. J. African Earth Sci. 29, 1, p. 63-75. Archbold, N.W. (2000)- Palaeobiogeography of the Australasian Permian. In: A.J. Wright et al. (eds.) Palaeobiogeography of Australasian faunas and floras, Mem. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont. 23, p. 287-310. Archbold, N.W. (2001)- Wallace lines in eastern Gondwana: palaeobiogeography of Australasian Permian brachiopoda. In: I. Metcalfe, J.M.B. Smith et al. (eds.) Faunal and floral mgrations and evolution in SE AsiaAustralasia, Balkema, Lisse, p. 73-83. (Australian continent was major component of NE Gondwana in Permian. Surrounding what is now Australia, were additional elements of NE Gondwana that are now incorporated into New Zealand, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Timor, SE Asia, Himalaya and S Tibet. Pronounced provincialism of global marine faunas in Permian. Brachiopoda can be used to define provinces) Archbold, N.W. (2002)- Peri-Gondwanan Permian correlations: the Meso-Tethyan margins. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 223- 240. (Correlations of Permian sequences for 16 regions of NE Gondwana. Asselian-Sakmarian- E Artinskian change from cold to temperate environments. Late Artinskian-Kungurian climate amelioration, with onset of carbonate deposition in several Cimmerian terranes. Basaltic volcanism in several terranes indicative of rifting and opening of Meso-Tethys. Roadian- Wordian-Capitanian widespread, subtropical carbonates throughout Cimmerian blocks as they drifted N and on northerly parts of Meso-Tethyan S margin. Equivalent carbonate units in offshore and subsurface of W Australia. Andesitic, convergent plate margin volcanism in E Australia) Archbold, N.W. & J.M. Dickins (1996)- Permian. In: G.C. Young & J.R. Laurie (eds.) An Australian Phanerozoic time scale, Chapter 6, Oxford Univ. Press, p. 127-135. Archbold, N.W., J.M. Dickins & G.A. Thomas (1993)- Correlation and age of marine Permian formations of Western Australia. In: S.K. Skwarko (ed.) Palaeontology of the Permian of Western Australia. Geol. Surv. West. Australia Bull. 136, p. 11-18. Archbold, N.W., C.J. Pigram, N. Ratman & S. Hakim (1982)- Indonesian Permian brachiopod fauna and Gondwana-South East Asia relationships. Nature 296, p. 556–558. (Permian articulate brachiopod fauna from New Guinea suggests geographical proximity of Thailand and Irian Jaya in late Early Permian)


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Archbold, N.W. & G.R. Shi (1996)- Western Pacific Permian marine invertebrate palaeobiogeography. In: Z.X. Li, I. Metcalfe & C.M. Powell (eds.) Breakup of Rodinia and Gondwanaland and assembly of Asia, Austral. J. Earth Sci. 43, 6, p. 635- 641. (Permian of W Pacific 4 provinces for Asselian-Tastubian (Indoralian, Himalayan, Cathaysian, Verkolyma), 6 for Sterlitamakian-Aktastinian (Austrazean, Westralian, Cimmerian, Cathaysian, Sino-Mongolian, Verkolyma), 7 for Baigendzhinian- E Kungurian (Austrazean, Westralian, Cimmerian- with Sibumasu and Himalayan subprovinces- Cathaysian, Sino-Mongolian, Verkolyma) and 3 for Kazanian-Midian (Austrazean, Cathaysian, Verkolyma). Changing pattern of provincialism best understood in terms of evolution of Sino-Mongolian Sea in N and rift-drift history of Cimmerian continental blocks in S, and climate amelioration during Permian) Archbold, N.W. & G.R. Shi (1995)- Permian brachiopod faunas of Western Australia: Gondwanan-Asian relationships and Permian climate. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, 3, p. 207-215. (W Australian Permian brachiopod faunas mixture of Gondwanan, endemic Westralian and Asian (Tethyan) genera. Presence of Tethyan genera largely temperature dependent; no apparent geographical barriers to migration of such genera into intracratonic basins of W Australia. Paleotemperature curve indicates peak warm conditions in Sterlitamakian and Late Baigendzhinian and subtropical conditions in Dzhulfian) Arias, C. (2006)- Northern and Southern Hemispheres ostracod palaeobiogeography during the Early Jurassic: possible migration routes. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 233, p. 63-95. (Australian E Jurassic ostracod faunas similar to W Tethyan and C European assemblages, probably indicating communication route along western Tethys, aided by action of western currents) Asama, K. (1966)- Permian plants from Phetchabun, Thailand and problems of floral migration from Gondwanaland. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 9, p. 131-211. (in Japanese?) Asama, K. (1976)- Gigantopteris flora in Southeast Asia and its phytopalaeogeographic significance. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 17, p. 191-207. (Sumatra Permian Jambi flora typical Asian, not Gondwanan) Asama, K. (1984)- Gigantopteris flora in China and Southeast Asia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 311-323. (Mainly on classifacation and evolution of Permian Gigantopteris flora. C Sumatra Permian Jambi flora typical Asian Gigantopteris flora, not Gondwanan Glossopteris flora) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1983)- Reconstruction of eastern Gondwanaland. Nature 306, p. 48-50. (Model of E Gondwanaland on basis of distribution of floras and faunas, lithofacies patterns and identification of Triassic magmatic arc that characterized E margin of Gondwanaland. Continental fragments that rifted from N Australia-New Guinea in Jurassic identified as S Tibet-Burma-Thailand-Malaya and Sumatra. Original site of deposition of subtropical Permian limestones and tropical late Triassic limestones, overthrust onto N margin of Australia in late Cenozoic collision, is located in this greater Gondwanaland) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1984)- Cold Gondwana, warm Tethys and the Tibetan Lhasa Block. Nature 310, 5973, p. 165-166. Audley-Charles, M.G. (1988)- Evolution of the southern margin of Tethys (North Australia region) from Early Permian to Late Cretaceous. In: M.G. Audley-Charles & A. Hallam (eds.) Gondwana and Tethys. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 37, p. 79-100. (Banda terranes stratigraphies and Permo-Carboniferous- Cretaceous paleogeography. Mid-Permian rift event removed continental blocks now in Asia from Gondwana. Present NW Australia- New Guinea margin formed in Jurassic with breakup of S. Tibet/Burma/Malaya/ W and E Borneo/Sumatra/W Sulawesi/ Banda allochtons. E Sulawesi/ Banggai-Sula/ Kemum still part of N Guinea margin in Early Cretaceous. Margin E of Scott Plateau modified by Tertiary collisions with arc systems)


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Audley-Charles, M.G., P.D. Ballantyne & R. Hall (1988)- Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift-drift sequence of Asian fragments from Gondwanaland. Tectonophysics 155, p. 317-330. (Reconstruction of continental blocks dispersal from E Gondwanaland from Latest Jurassic- Late Miocene. Sumatra rifted off New Guinea in Jurassic, etc.) Barber, A.J. (1985)- The relationship between the tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia and hydrocarbon occurrences. In: D.G. Howell (ed.) Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Circum-Pacific region, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Mineral Res. 1, Houston, p. 523-528. (SE Asia consists of cratonic Sundaland core of continental fragments that had stabilized by end-Mesozoic. Additional terranes added through Late Mesozoic- Tertiary in Sumatra, Borneo, E Indonesia and Philippines. Early Tertiary widespread extension, followed by Late Tertiary compression, resulting in favorable locations for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation) Bardhan, S., S. Shome & P. Roy (2007)- Biogeography of Kutch ammonites during the latest Jurassic (Tithonian) and a global paleobiogeograph overview. In: Cephalopods present and past: new insights and fresh perspectives 3, Springer,p. 375-395. Baumgartner, P.O., P. Bown, J. Marcoux, J. Mutterlose et al. (1992)- Early Cretaceous biogeographic and oceanographic synthesis of Leg 123 (Off Northwestern Australia). Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 123, p. 739-758. (Neocomian fossil record off NW Australia important southern high-latitude affinities and weak Tethyan influence. Pelagic radiolarian chert and nannofossil limestone are dominant in Tethyan Lower Cretaceous, but only minor lithologies in Exmouth-Argo sites, suggesting Argo Basin not part of Tethys Realm) Beckinsale, R.D. (1979)- Granite magmatism in the tin belt of South-East Asia. In: M.P. Atherton & J. Tarney (eds.) Origin of granite batholiths: geochemical evidence, Shiva Publ. Ltd, p. 34-44. Belasky, P. (1994)- Biogeography of Permian corals and the determination of longitude in tectonic reconstructions of the Paleopacific region. Canadian Soc. Petrol. Geol. Spec. Publ., p. 621-646. (Mainly focused on American terranes. South China was center of diversity of Permian Tethyan coral province and was located near Permian equator and W margin of Paleopacific Ocean) Belasky, P. (1996)- Biogeography of Indo-Pacific larger foraminifera and scleractinian corals: a probabilistic approach to estimating taxonomic diversity, faunal similarity, and sampling bias. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 122, p. 119-141. (On modern corals and larger foraminifera distribution in Indo-Pacific. Eastward decline in diversity due primarily to shallowing of thermocline and significant cooling of Equatorial Undercurrent in E Pacific) Berry, W.B.N. & A.J. Boucot (1972)- Correlation of the Southeast Asian Silurian rocks. Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Paper 137, p. 1-35. Besse, J. & V. Courtillot (1988)- Paleogeographic maps of the continents bordering the Indian Ocean since the Early Jurassic. J. Geoph. Res. 93, B10, p. 11791-11808. (Plate reconstructions primarily driven by paleomagnetism) Bird, P. (2003)- An updated digital model of plate boundaries. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst. 4, 3, p. 10271080. (at www.agu.org/journals/gc/) Blendinger, W., W.M. Furnish & B.F. Glenister (1992)- Permian cephalopod limestones, Oman Mountains: evidence for a Permian seaway along the northern margin of Gondwana. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 93, p.13-20. (M Permian (Wordian) reddish deep-water cephalopod limestones at base of nappes in Oman Mts. Believed to be distal N margin of Arabian platform (but possibly seamount), thrust S-ward onto platform in Late


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Cretaceous with Semail ophiolite. Underlain by pillow basalts, interbedded with reef-derived gravity flow deposits. Ammonoid fauna very similar to that of Sicily, NE Iraq and Timor (incl. Epadrianites beyrichi Haniel, Waagenoceras), suggesting unrestricted faunal exchange in Permian seaway along N margin of Gondwana) Bodet, F. & U. Scharer ( 2000)- Evolution of the SE-Asian continent from U-Pb and Hf isotopes in single grains of zircon and baddeleyite from large rivers. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64, p. 2067-2091. (Three Palaeoproterozoic crust-formation episodes in mainland SE Asia (2.5 Ga, 2.2-2.3 Ga and 1.9-2.0 Ga), identified from zircons) Boucot, A. (2002)- Some thoughts about the Shan-Tai Terrane. In: Symposium on Geology of Thailand, Bangkok 2002, p. 4-13. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/6368.pdf) (Review of Silurian- Permian of Shan-Tai (= Sibumasu) terrane of W Thailand. Rel. cool climate 'Gondwanan' faunas through E Permian. Includes Silurian black graptolite shales, E Devonian carbonates and 'tentaculite' mudstones, E Permian pebbly mudstones, etc.) Brandon-Jones, D. (2001)- Borneo as a biogeographic barrier to Asian-Australasian migration In: I. Metcalfe et al. (eds.) Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia-Australasia. Balkema, Lisse, p. 365-372. Brayard, A., G. Escarguel, H. Bucher & T. Bruhwiler (2009)- Smithian and Spathian (Early Triassic) ammonoid assemblages from terranes: paleoceanographic and paleogeographic implications. J. Asian Earth Sci. 36, p. 420433. (Cluster analysis of E Triassic ammonoid faunas. Timor grouped with Afghanistan, etc., as S Tethyan cluster) Brookfield, M.E. (1996)- Reconstruction of Western Sibumasu. In: J. Geology, Spec. Issue, Proc. Int. Symp. Geology of Southeast Asia and adjacent areas, Hanoi 1995, Geol. Survey of Vietnam B, p. 65-80. (Core of Sibumasu terrane (Shan Plateau, Kanchanaburi, W Malaya) is S-facing Paleozoic passive margin, rifted off Gondwanaland in Permian and collided with Indochina in Triassic-E Jurassic. Equivalent of Qantang Block of C Tibet) Bunopas, S. & S. Khositanont (2004?)- Did Shan-Thai twice marry Indochina and then India?: a review. Bull. Earth Sci. Thailand (BEST) 1, p.1-27. (Shan-Thai (= Sibumasu) and Indochina microcontinents migrated from W Australia since latest Devonian, to settle in Late Norian. During Late Triassic both microcontinents drifted up latitude and stayed in N Hemisphere. Pre-first continent-continent collision between Shan-Thai and Indochina occurred just under Equator as early as Lower Triassic. Breakup of Pangea in Late Cretaceous time. At 45 Ma Himalayan extrusion, caused by 2nd continent-continent collision, began and have its paroxysm in M Miocene. Etc.) Buratti, N. & S. Cirilli (2007)- Microfloristic provincialism in the Upper Triassic Circum-Mediterranean area and palaeogeographic implication. Geobios 40, 2, p. 133-142. (Two U Triassic palynoflora provinces: Onslow and Ipswich. Palynological assemblages from Carnian of W Tethyan margin (Mediterranean) compared with W Timor floras from U Triassic pelagic deposits, referred to Onslow microflora of S Hemisphere. In W Timor several taxa, mainly conifer miospores, widely recorded in Carnian of Europe and less frequently recovered in Carnian of W and E Australia. Suggests Onslow microflora assemblages, with minor variations, present from W Tethys to N Australian margin (W Timor)) Burrett, C.F. (1974)- Plate tectonics and the fusion of Asia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 21, p. 181-189. (Early paper describing amalgamation of Asia. Nine blocks defined. Palaeogeographical, palaeontological and tectonic evidence suggest Asia did not fuse completely until well into Mesozoic) Burrett, C., N. Duhig, R. Berry & R. Varne (1991)- Asian and South-western Pacific continental terranes derived from Gondwana, and their biogeographic significance. In: P.Y. Ladiges et al. (eds.) Austral biogeography, Austral. Syst. Botany 4, p. 13-24. (Most small geological terranes in Indo-Pacific region rifted from Gondwana. Shan-Thai terrane rifted from Australia in Permian and collided with Indo-China in Triassic. Parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan may have


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rifted from Australia in Cretaceous and carried angiosperm flora N. Other terranes now in SE Asia and Pacific were part of Australian continent at various times in Cenozoic) Burrett, C., J. Long & B. Stait (1990)- Early-Middle Palaeozoic biogeography of Asian terranes derived from Gondwana. In: W.S. McKerrow & C.R. Scotese (eds.) Palaeozoic palaeogeography and biogeography. Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 12, p. 163-174. (Contiguity of Shan-Thai (=Sibumasu) Terrane and NW Australia is suggested by faunal affinities in Late Cambrian trilobites, Ordovician molluscs, stromatoporoids, brachiopods and conodonts. Re-evaluation of E Palaeozoic paleomagnetism places Shan-Thai against NW Australia. N China Block was next to N Australia/ New Guinea, rifted off in E Devonian or earlier. S China micro-vertebrates and conodonts suggest Shan-Thai still close to Australia in M Devonian) Burrett, C. & B. Stait (1986)- Southeast Asia as a part of an early Palaeozoic Australian Gondwanaland. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 103-107. (Provenance of Paleozoic sediments from Thailand and Malaysia and trilobite- mollusc studies suggest Sibumasu block was adjacent to Australia in Ordovician. Probable Upper Carboniferous glacial sediments in Thailand and Malaysia. Early Carboniferous breakup most likely. Collision with Indochina Block in Triassic) Burrett, C.F. & B. Stait (1986)- Southeast Asia as a part of an Ordovician Gondwanaland- paleogeographic test of a tectonic hypothesis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 75, p. 184-190. (Upper Cambrian- Ordovician micro- and macrofaunas very close similarities between Thailand-Malaysia Sibumasu Block and NW Australia, suggesting Early Paleozoic proximity) Burton, C.K. & J.D. Bignell (1969)- Cretaceous-Tertiary events in Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 80, p. 681-688. (Granites NE of Gulf of Thailand mainly Triassic or older age, from Malay-Thai Peninsula mainly CretaceousTertiary) Cai, J.X. & K.J. Zhang (2009)- A new model for the Indochina and South China collision during the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic. Tectonophysics 467, p. 35-43. (Indochina and South China separated from Gondwana in Silurian Analysis of Early Paleozoic suggests Indochina may be extended to include N Vietnam, part of Qinzhou tectonic zone and S Hainan Island (traditionally regarded as parts of S China). U Paleozoic turbidites and mid-oceanic ridge basalts along new Dian-Qiong suture illustrate ocean between Indochina and S China, consumed by S-directed subduction under Indochina in Late Permian- M Triassic) Campbell, H.J. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (2000)- The marine Triassic of Australasian and its interregional correlation. In: H. Yin et al. (eds.) Permian-Triassic evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific, Developments in palaeontology and stratigraphy 18, Elsevier, p. 235-255. (Includes summary of Triassic outcrops in PNG (Yuat River gorge argillites with Anisian ammonites), Misool, Seram, Buru, Timor; no maps, strat columns) Caputo, M.V. & J.C. Crowell (1985)- Migration of glacial centers across Gondwana during Paleozoic era. Geol. Soc America, Bull. 96, p. 1020-1036. CCOP-IOC (1974)- Metallogenesis, hydrocarbons and tectonic partners in Eastern Asia. ESCAP, CCOP Techn. Publ. 2, p. 1-158. (Online at: http://www.jodc.go.jp/info/ioc_doc/Workshop/015652eo.pdf) (Overview of SE Asia tectonics and proposals for SEATAR transect for future work) CCOP, T. Sato and Working Group (2000)- Geotectonic map of East and Southeast Asia: sheets 4, 5 and 6. CCOP-CPCEMR Geotectonic map project. CCOP Tech. Bull. 27, p. 1-16. (Geotectonic Map of E and SE Asia. Sheet 4: Philippines, Vietnam, S China, Sheet 5: Malaysia, W Indonesia, Sheet 6: E Indonesia)


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CCOP, T. Sato and Working Group (2002)- Geotectonic map of East and Southeast Asia: sheets 1, 2, 3 and 8second product of the CCOP-CPCEMR Geotectonic map project . CCOP Tech. Bull. 31, p. 1-13. (Tectonic maps E and SE Asia: Sheet 1: Shikhote Alin, Korea, NE China, Japan), Sheet 2: C and S China, Taiwan, Ryukyu arcs), Sheet 3: S China, Indochina, Malaysia, Myanmar), Sheet 8: W Pacific Ocean. Also available in digital format) CGMW/UNESCO (1986)- Metallogenic map of South and East Asia， Sheet 4 (1: 5M scale). Geol. Survey Japan. Cecca, F. (1999)- Palaeobiogeography of Tethyan ammonites during the Tithonian (latest Jurassic). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 147, p. 1-37. (Focused on Western and CentralTethys; little or nothing on SE Asia/ Australia) Cecca, F. (2002)- Palaeobiogeography of marine fossil invertebrates: concepts and methods. CRC Press, 286p. Cecca, F., B. Martin Garin, D. Marchand, B. Lathuiliere & A. Bartolini (2005)- Palaeoclimatic control of biogeographic and sedimentary events in Tethyan and Peri-Tethyan areas during the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 222, p. 10-32. (Focused on Europe-Arabia part of Tethys. Rel. cold episode in Early Oxfordian) Chablais, J., R. Martini, E. Samankassou, T. Onoue & H. Sano (2009)- Microfacies and depositional setting of the Upper Triassic mid-oceanic atoll-type carbonates of the Sambosan accretionary complex (southern Kyushu, Japan). Facies 56, 2, p. 249-278. (Sambosan U Triassic shallow-water limestones remnant of mid-oceanic atoll on seamount in Panthalassan Ocean, accreted along with deep-water ribbon-cherts rocks to E margin of Asia in Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous. Seventeen microfacies distinguished. Foraminifers indicate Late Carnian- Rhaetian age. Tethyan affinity of faunas suggests Sambosan seamount located in low- middle-latitude of S Hemisphere during Late Triassic) Chablais, J., T. Onoue and R. Martini (2010)- Upper Triassic reef-limestone blocks of southwestern Japan: new data from a Panthalassan seamount. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 293, p. 206-222. (Norian-Rhaetian reef-limestone in Sambosan Accretionary Complex, S Japan formed in atoll-type system on mid-oceanic seamount surrounded by deep-water radiolarian cherts in Panthalassic Ocean. Reef-boundstone facies framebuilders are abundant coralline sponges and microbial crusts. Rare corals and algae. Similarities with coeval Upper Triassic reefs of S Peri-Tethys area, especially with Omani seamounts, suggest more S Hemisphere origin for U Triassic Japanese reefs than predicted by previous reef studies) Challinor, A.B. (1991)- Belemnite successions and faunal provinces in the Southwest Pacific and the belemnites of Gondwana. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geophys. 12, 4, p. 301-325. Chaloner, W.G. & G.T. Creber (1988)- Fossil plants as indicators of Late Palaeozoic plate positions. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 37, p. 201-210. Chaloner, W.G., & W.S. Lacey (1973)- The distribution of Late Palaeozoic floras. In: N.F. Hughes (ed.) Organisms and continents through time, Spec. Pap. Palaeont. 12, p. 271-289. Chen, Y., V. Courtillot, J.P. Cogne, J. Besse et al. (1993)- The configuration of Asia prior to the collision of India: Cretaceous paleomagnetic constraints. J. Geophys. Res. 98, p. 21,927-21,941. Chumakov, N.M. & M.A. Zharkov (2002)- Climate during Permian- Triassic biosphere reorganizations, 1: Climate of the Early Permian. Stratigraphy Geol. Correl. 10, 6, p. 586- 602. Chumakov, N.M. & M.A. Zharkov (2003)- Climate during Permian- Triassic biosphere reorganizations, 2. Climate of the Late Permian and Early Triassic: general inferences. Stratigraphy Geol. Correl. 11, 4, p. 361-375.


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Cocks, L.R.M., R.A. Fortey & C.P. Lee (2005)- A review of Lower and Middle Palaeozoic biostratigraphy in west peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand in its context within the Sibumasu Terrane. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, p. 703-717. (Cambrian- Devonian of S Thailand and NW Peninsular Malaysia reassessed. Single depositional basin in shallow-water and cratonic areas of S Thailand, Langkawi, and mainland Kedah and Perlis, in contrast to deeper-water basin of N Perak. Area was part of Paleozoic Sibumasu Terrane, which also included C and N Thailand, Burma (Myanmar) and SW China (part of Yunnan)) Conroy G., H. Soltan & S.K. Acharyya (1998)- Break-up of the greater Indo-Australian continent and accretion of blocks framing South and East Asia. J. Geodynamics 26, p. 149-170 Copper, P. & C.R. Scotese (2003)- Megareefs in Middle Devonian supergreenhouse climates. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 370, p. 209-230. (>7 Mid-Devonian ‘Great Barrier Reefs’, including S. China plate (Vietnam-Hunan, ~1700 km), E AustraliaNew Guinea (spottily preserved isolated platforms; ~2000 km) and Canning Basin (~400 km)) Crame J.A. (1986)- Late Mesozoic bipolar bivalve faunas. Geol. Mag. 123, p. 611-618. Crowell, J.C. (1995)- The ending of the Late Paleozoic ice age during the Permian period. In: P.A. Scholle et al. (eds.) The Permian of Northern Pangea, Springer, Berlin, 1, p. 62-74. Crowell, J.C. (1999)- Pre-Mesozoic ice ages: their bearing on understanding the climate system. Mem. Geol. Soc. America 192, 106p. Crowell, J.C. & L.A. Frakes (1971)- Late Paleozoic glaciation, IV. Australia. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 82, p. 2515-2540. Crowell, J.C. & L.A. Frakes (1971)- Late Palaeozoic glaciation of Australia. J. Geol. Soc. Aust., 17, p.115-155. Cuneo, N.R. (1996)- Permian phytogeography in Gondwana. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 125, p.75-104. Cung, C.T. (2007)- Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous continental redbed formations from Indochina and South China, their Cenozoic tectonic implications: a review. VNU J. Science, Earth Sci. 23, p. 220-230. (online at: http://www.js.vnu.edu.vn/e_4_07/B3.pdf) (Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from S China block confirms S China block has been relatively stable with respect to Eurasia since Cretaceous time. Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from Indochina- Shan Thai block reveal complex intraplate deformations due to India- Eurasia collision. Counterclockwise rotations recorded from Borneo and Malay Peninsula indicate complex tectonic evolution of SE Asian region) Cung, C.T. & S.L. Dorobek (2004)- Cretaceous paleomagnetism of Indochina and surrounding regions: Cenozoic tectonic implications. In: J. Malpas et al. (eds.) Aspects of the geological evolution of China, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 226, p. 273-287. (Paleomagnetic studies of Cretaceous volcanics and seiments from S Vietnam suggests minor S-ward displacement and insignificant rotation. since Cretaceous. Review of paleomag data suggests Sundaland can be divided into 3 domains with different rotation/ translation histories: Shan-Thai, Indochina, offshore Sundaland) Dagys, A.S. (1993)- Geographic differentiation of Triassic brachiopods. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 100, p. 79- 87. (Maximum palaeobiogeographic differention of Triassic brachiopods in Late Triassic, with at least five biochores: Boreal, N Tethyan, peri-Gondwanian, Notal or Maorian and E Pacific. E part of peri-Gondwana Tethys with Misolia, Timorhynchia)


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Damborenea, S.E. (2002)- Jurassic evolution of Southern Hemisphere marine palaeobiogeographic units based on benthonic bivalves. Geobios 35, Suppl. 1, p. 51-71. (Latest Triassic- earliest Cretaceous distribution of bivalves in S Hemisphere. Tethyan Realm with Australian unit restricted to Late Triassic. S Pacific Realm with Maorian Province based on monotoid genera, etc.) Delescluse, M. & N. Chamot-Rooke (2007)- Instantaneous deformation and kinematics of the India-Australia Plate. Geoph. J. Int. 168, 2 , p. 818-842. (Present-day deformation distributed around Afanasy Nikitin Chain in Central Indian Basin (CIB; shortening) and within Wharton Basin (WB; strike-slip). N portion of NinetyEast ridge (NyR) major discontinuity for strain and velocity. Taking into account intraplate velocity field in vicinity of Sumatra trench, we obtain convergence rate of 46 mm/ yr towards N18°E at epicentre of 2004 Aceh mega-earthquake. Predicted shortening in CIB and WB and extension near Chagos-Laccadive in agreement with deformation measured from plate reconstructions and seismic lines, suggesting continuum of deformation since onset of intraplate deformation around 7.5-8 Ma) Denham, D. (1973)- Seismicity, focal mechanisms and the boundaries of the Indian-Australian plate. In: P.J. Coleman (ed.) The Western Pacific: island arcs, marginal seas, geochemistry. Univ. Western Australia Press, p. 35-53. Dercourt, J., L.E. Ricou & B. Vrielynck B. (eds.) (1993)- Atlas Tethys. Palaeoenvironmental Maps. GauthierVillars, Paris 307 p. (Fourteen plate reconstructions and paleogeography maps of Tethys Oceans from mid-Permian-Tortonian. Maps do not include much of SE Asia) De Wever, P. & F. Baudin (1996)- Palaeogeography of radiolarites and organic-rich deposits in Mesozoic Tethys. Geol. Rundschau 85, 2, p. 310-326. (Siliceous and marine organic-rich deposits both result of high planktonic productivity, but sometimes associated, sometimes separate in space and time. Siliceous marine phtanite family facies contains organic material and are blackish (vs red/green for radiolarite facies) and deposited generally in shallower environments. Palaeogeographic analysis for three Mesozoic high sea-level intervals (Toarcian, Kimmeridgian and Cenomanian) show: (a) during Jurassic times siliceous deposits being closer to open ocean waters than organic-rich ones. (b) during Cretaceous times often associated) De Wever, P. & F. Baudin, J. Azema & E. Fourcade (1996)- Radiolarians and Tethyan radiolarites from primary production to their paleogeography. In: J. Dercourt & A.E.M. Nairn (eds.) The ocean basins and margins 8, The Tethys Ocean, Plenum Press, p. 267-318. Dewey, J.F., S. Cande & W.C. Pitman (1989)- Tectonic evolution of the India/Eurasia collision zone. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 82, p. 717-734. Dickins, J.M. (1985)- Late Palaeozoic glaciation. Bur. Min. Res. J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 9, p. 163-169. Dickins, J.M. (1985)- Palaeobiofacies and palaeobiogeography of Gondwanaland from Permian to Triassic. In: K. Nakawara & J.M. Dickins (eds.) The Tethys, Tokai Univ. Press, Tokyo, p. 83-92. Dickins, J.M. (1992)- Permian geology of Gondwana countries: an overview. Int. Geol. Rev. 34, p. 986-1000. (Earliest Permian of most Gondwanan areas characterized by glacial deposits and cold-water marine faunas) Dickins, J.M. (1993)- Climate of Late Devonian to Triassic. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 100, p. 89-94. Dickins, J.M. (1996)- Problems of a Late Palaeozoic glaciation in Australia and subsequent climate in the Permian. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 125, p. 185-197.


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Dickins, J.M. (2000)- The northern margin of Gondwanaland: uppermost Carboniferous to lowermost Jurassic and its correlation. In: H.F. Yin et al. (eds.) Permian-Triassic Evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific, Dev. Palaeont. Stratigraphy 18, Elsevier, p. 257-270 (In latest Carboniferous- E Early Permian no apparent continuous sea in Tethys sensu Suess. Earliest Permian land barrier separated C Asian Sea from southern sea connecting 'Gondwana' countries. Youngest recognized marine deposits connecting through warm water C Asian Sea not younger than E Permian (Sakmarian). In U Permian-Triassic a N shore of Gondwanaland can be traced with a southern sediment source. N shore of Tethys largely remains to be delineated) Dickins, J.M. & Phan Cu Tien (1997)- Indosinian tectogeny in the geological correlation of Vietnam and adjacent regions. In: J.M. Dickins et al. (eds.) Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Circum-Pacific events and their global correlation. Cambridge Univ. Press, p.87-96. (Review of U Devonian- Triassic stratigraphy of Vietnam. Indosinian orogeny manifested by Dzhulfian (U Permian) widespread unconformity and volcanic activity. Second Indosinian orogenic phase at end-Carnian, with widespread intrusive activity and deposition of coal-bearing molasse) Dickins, J.M., Y. Zunyi, Yin Hongfu et al. (eds.) (1997)- Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Circum-Pacific events and their global correlation. Cambridge Univ. Press, 255p. (Mainly mainland E Asia papers; nothing on Indonesia) Diener, C. (1916)- Die marinen Reiche der Triasperiode. Denkschr. Kon. Akad. Wien, 92, p. 405-549. (online at: http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/DAKW_92_0405-0549.pdf) (‘The marine realms of the Triassic period’. Extensive review of worldwide Triassic macrofaunas as known in 1916. Four main faunal provinces: Boreal, Mediterranean, Himalayan and Andean. Based primarily on cephalopods, also bivalves, etc. Sumatra Triassic mainly shallow marine clastics. Cephalopods and corals from Timor limestones very similar to Alps) Dong-Li, S. (1993)- On the Permian biogeographic boundary between Gondwana and Eurasia in Tibet, China as the eastern section of the Tethys. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 100, p. 59-77. (Mainly on China terranes; no mention of Timor. Glossopteris flora, bivalve Eurydesma, rugose coral Lytvolasma, brachiopod Globiella and fusulinid Monodiexodina are cool climate flora/fauna, often occurring with tillites along N margin of Gondwanaland in E Permian. In late M Permian Gondwana Tethys became still warmer and warm tropical fauna of Neoschwagerina and Verbeekina replaced cool water one) Doyle, P. (1992)- A review of the biogeography of Cretaceous belemnites. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeobiogeogr. 92, p. 207-216. (Belemnites display Boreal and Tethyan marine faunal realms from Early Jurassic- earliest Cretaceous. Austral marine realm was lacking. In late Barremian- early Aptian Austral Realm was initiated with first Gondwanan family, Dimitobelidae. Tethyan belemnite realm cannot be recognised after Cenomanian) Doyle, P. & P. Howlett (1989)- Gondwana Antarctic belemnite biogeography and the break-up of Gondwana. In: J.A. Crame (ed.) Origins and evolution of Antarctic biota, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 47, p. 167-182. Dupont-Nivet, G., D.J.J. van Hinsbergen & T.H. Torsvik (2010)- Persistently low Asian paleolatitudes: implications for the India-Asia collision history. Tectonics 29, TC5016 Ehiro, M. (1996)- Permian and Triassic paleogeography based on ammonoid fossils of East Asia. Chikyu Monthly, 18, p. 724-729 (in Japanese) Ehiro, M. (1997)- Ammonoid palaeobiogeography of the South Kitakami palaeoland and palaeogeography of eastern Asia in Permian to Triassic time. Proc. 30th Int. Geol. Congr., Beijing 1996, 12, Palaeontology and historical geology, VSP, Utrecht, p. 18-28. (Biogeographic analysis of Permian- Triasic ammonoids in E Asia suggests Kikatami Terrane in NE Japan, located in equatorial realm near S China/ Khanka Terranes. Four ammonoid provinces in Permian: Boreal,


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Equatorial American, Equatorial Tethyan (incl. S China, SE Asia, Iran, Timor; with E Permian perrinitids, M Permian Timorites, Waagenoceras?) and Peri-Gondwanan (incl. Australia, Himalayas, Salt Range)) Enay, R. & E. Cariou (1997)- Ammonite faunas and palaeobiogeography of the Himalayan belt during the Jurassic: initiation of a Late Jurassic austral ammonite fauna. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 134, 1, p. 1-38. (Jurassic ammonite faunas form basis for new biogeographical interpretation of U Bathonian- Tithonian/ Berriasian peri-Gondwanan faunas. Low diversity Austral ammonite fauna around E and S Gondwanaland, from Himalaya to Patagonia) Enay, R. & E. Cariou (1999)- Jurassic ammonite faunas from Nepal and their bearing on the palaeobiogeography of the Himalayan belt. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, 5-6, p. 829-848. ESCAP (1990)- Triassic biostratigraphy and paleogeography of Asia. ESCAP Atlas of Stratigraphy IX, Min. Res. Dev. Ser. 59, United Nations, New York, 92 p. (Brief descriptions of Triassic across Asia, incl. Malaysia and Timor) Fan, P.F. (2000)- Accreted terranes and mineral deposits of Indochina. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, p. 342-350. (Summary of Indochina terranes and mineral deposits. Indochina is amalgamation of Sino-Vietnam (=S China), and Viet-Lao, Uttaradit, and Khorat-Kontum (combined into Indochina) terranes) Fang, R.S., Y.J. Wang, G.R. Shi, Z.C. Zhou & Y.W. Xiao (2000)- Carboniferous and Permian zoogeographical change of the Baoshan Block, SW China. Acta Palaeont. Sinica 39, p. 493-506. Fang, Zong-Jie (1991)- Sibumasu biotic province and its position in Paleotethys. Acta Palaeont. Sinica 30, 4, p. 344-349. (Sibumasu province characterized by: (1) No reliable Gondwana cold-water biota or glacial deposits (interpreted glaciomarine pebble-bearing layers are debris flows and molluscs identified as Eurydesma are Schiziodus). Temperate and warm water fauna dominant; carbonates not common; (2) No tropical Cathaysian biotas and reef complexes. Absence of Late Paleozoic coal seams and occurrence of mixed Permian CathaysianGondwana flora in W Yunnan suggest Sibumasu between equatorial coal swamp zone (Cathaysian flora) and S temperate coal swamp zone (Glossopteris flora); (3) Contains Peri-Gondwana and Cathaysian elements but also European, Ural and Boreal elements; (4) Common endemic genera and species) Fang, Zong-Jie (1994)- Biogeographic constraints on the rift-drift accretion history of the Sibumasu block. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 4, p. 375-385. (Paleozoic biogeographic history of Sibumasu block stages: (1) Cambrian-Ordovician with Australian faunal affinites; (2) Silurian-Devonian with Rhenish-Bohemian faunal affinities; (3) Carboniferous- Permian independent biotic province, different from both peri-Gondwanaland (no true E Permian glacial deposits) and Cathaysian biotas (no Permian coals), in Tethyan realm. Towards end Permian, Cathaysian elements more important, especially in E margin, indicating Cathaysian and Sibumasu biotas began to merge. Sibumasu rifted from Gondwanaland in M Ordovician or earlier and sutured to East Continent in Late Permian and E Triassic) Faure, M, W. Lin, P. Monie & S. Meffre (2008)- Palaeozoic collision between the North and South China blocks, Triassic intracontinental tectonics, and the problem of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340, p. 139-150. (Widespread ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks in Qinling-Dabie suture between N and S China blocks. Structures and zircon dating of migmatites in core of C Qinling suggests Silurian continent collision, before 400 Ma. Late Permian- M Triassic N-ward continental subduction of SCB responsible for development of UHP metamorphism. Age of UHP metamorphism unsettled. Radiometric ages from Neoproterozoic- Cretaceous, with cluster of ages around 240-210 Ma, leading previous authors to accept a Triassic age for NCB-SCB collision) Fedorov, P.I. & A.V. Koloskov (2005)- Cenozoic volcanism of Southeast Asia. Petrology 13, 4, p. 352-380.


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(Three main periods of activity in Cenozoic volcanic complexes of SE China, Vietnam, Thailand and S China Sea: E Tertiary, Miocene and Pliocene-Quaternary. First period characterized by potassic basalt (Vietnam) and tholeiitic bimodal (SE China) volcanism. Subsequent periods dominated by intraplate-type tholeiitic and alkaline volcanism and minor bimodal tholeiitic magmatism (basalts and rhyolites of the Okinawa Trough) Feng Rulin (1998)- Discovery of Australia Early Permian brachiopods Faunas from Bianping Section of Southwestern Guizhou Province,China and it's significance. Guizhou Geology 1998, 3, , p. (E Permian brachiopod fauna from Bianping section, Guizhou, with Strophomenida, Ptaluctida and Spiriferida, of high diversity and warm water. Faunas chiefly Asselian-Sakmarian, incl. Globiella foordi, Spiriferella sp., etc. similar similar to E Permian of W Australia. E Permian Brachiopods fauna can be correlated with those of E Permian of Irian Jaya, Pakistan Salt Range, Afghanistan, Pamirs, Thailand, Timor, etc.. ) Feng, Q.L., C. Chonglakmani, D. Helmcke & R. Ingavat-Helmcke (2004)- Long-lived Paleotethyan pelagic remnant inside Shan-Thai block: evidence from radiolarian biostratigraphy. Science in China D, 47, 12, p. 11131119. (Early Carboniferous- M-Late Triassic radiolarians from ribbon chert in NW Thailand indicate pelagic basin in this region. Situated on ‘Shan-Thai Block’, which was not single block, but composed of Paleotethyan Ocean and two continental terranes affiliated to Gondwana and Cathysian domains respectively) Feng, Q.L., C. Chonglakmani, D. Helmcke, R. Ingavat-Helmcke & B. Liu (2005)- Correlation of Triassic stratigraphy between the Simao and Lampang-Phrae Basins: implications for the tectonopaleogeography of Southeast Asia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, 6, p. 777-785. (Yunnan, S China, Simao Basin and Thailand Lampang-Phrae Basin same tectono-paleogeographic unit in Triassic. ‘Shan-Thai Block’ in N Thailand, can be divided from E to W into Sukhothai, Inthanon, and Shan terranes. Sukhothai Terrane, including Lampang-Phrae Basin, belongs to Cathaysian domain and suture corresponding to Changning-Menglian Suture in Yunnan must lie to W of Sukhothai Terrane in Thailand) Feng, Q.L., D. Helmcke, C. Chonglakmani, R. Ingavat-Helmcke & B. Liu (2004)- Early Carboniferous radiolarians from North-West Thailand: palaeogeographical implications. Palaeontology 47, 2, p. 377-393. (middle Early Carboniferous radiolarians from bedded cherts S of Mae Hong Son, NW Thailand, in melange zone composed of Silurian to Triassic slices. They signify pelagic basin at W side of Shan-Tai Terrane, between Shan-Thai and Gondwana. This suggests Shan-Thai terrane had already rifted apart from Gondwana in E Carboniferous, earlier than commonly assumed) Feng, Q., K. Malila, N. Wonganan, C. Chonglakmani, D.Helmcke, R. Ingavat-Helmcke & M. Caridroit (2005)Permian and Triassic radiolaria from Northwest Thailand: paleogeographical implications. Rev. Micropal. 84, p. 237-255. (Late Permian, late Ladinian and M Carnian radiolarians (51 species) from Mae Hong Son- Mae Sariang area, NW Thailand, representing Paleotethyan pelagic basin in Late Paleozoic-Triassic. Main oceanic basin was in 'Shan-Thai Block', which was not single block, but composed of Paleotethyan Ocean and two continental terranes affiliated with Gondwana and Cathaysian domains, respectively) Ferrari, O.M., C. Hochard & G.M. Stampfli (2008)- An alternative plate tectonic model for the PalaeozoicEarly Mesozoic Palaeotethyan evolution of Southeast Asia (Northern Thailand-Burma). Tectonophysics 451, p. 346-365. (Alternative model for Cambrian- Triassic geodynamic evolution of SE Asia. Differs in Palaeotethys suture location in Thailand at Mae Yuam fault. Closure of E Palaeotethys related to S-ward oceanic subduction that triggered E Neotethys opening as back-arc, due to Late Carboniferous- E Permian arc magmatism in Mergui (Burma) and Lhasa block (S Tibet) and absence of arc magmatism E of suture. To explain Carboniferous-E Permian and Permo-Triassic arcs in Cambodia, U Triassic magmatism in E Vietnam and L-M Permian arc volcanites in W Sumatra, we introduce Orang Laut terranes, which detached from Indochina and S China during back-arc opening due to W-ward subduction of Palaeopacific. This also explains location of Cathaysian W Sumatra block W of Cimmerian Sibumasu block)


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Fluteau F., J. Besse, J. Broutin & M. Berthelin (2001)- Extension of Cathaysian flora during the Permianclimatic and paleogeographic constraints. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 193, 3, p. 603-616. (Mixed Gondwanan, Euramerian and Cathaysian floral elements in ‘Mid’ Permian Gharif Fm of Oman) Fontaine, H. (1986)- The Permian of Southeast Asia. CCOP Techn. Bull. 18, p. 1-111. (Extensive review of geology and paleontology of permian of Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Sumatra, etc.) Fontaine, H. (2002)- Permian of Southeast Asia: an overview. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 6, p. 567-588. (Permian rocks widespread in SE Asia. Many limestones with fusulinaceans recognized as Permian, but ones without fusulinaceans and previously assigned to Permian, found to be Triassic. Widespread massive limestones represent extensive carbonate platforms. Local occurrences of thick-bedded cherts indicate deep marine environments. Pebbly mudstones in Myanmar, Thailand, NW Malaysia and Sumatra formed in glacial environment. Volcanic rocks absent in NW Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand, but widespread in N Vietnam, Sumatra, E Malay Peninsula and Timor. Faunal and floral assemblages used to establish climatic conditions, environments of deposition and to define crustal blocks and Permian palaeogeography) Fontaine, H,. Y. Almeras, L. Beauvais, J.P. Bassoulet, E. Cariou et al. (1989)- Jurassic of West Thailand. Proc. 24th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok 1987, 2, p. 137-146. (Marine Jurassic known only from W Thailand (E Thailand continental with only minor marine ingressions). No marine Cretaceous in Thailand or E Burma. Red beds at Triassic-Jurassic boundary above Triassic Halobia shale, overlain by Toarcian- Aalenian with ammonites. Bathonian- Callovian not found. M Jurassic and Oxfordian coral limestones and mudstones present) Fontaine, H., J.P. Bassoullet, L. Beauvais, E. Buffetaut, P. David, R. Ingavat, R. Pardede & N. Suwarna (1983)The Jurassic in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Viet Nam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, W Philippines). CCOP Techn. Bull. 16, p. 1-75. Fontaine, H. & L. Beauvais (1986)- Distribution of Jurassic corals in Southeast Asia. Proc. 1st Conf. Geol. Indochina, Ho Chi Minh City, 1, p. 137-145. (On Jurassic corals from S Vietnam, Cambodia, S Laos, Philippines (Mindoro, Calamian Islands, NE Palawan), Borneo (W Sarawak and W Kalimantan), Sumatra, Thailand (Mae Sot)) Fontaine, H., C. Chonglakmani, S. Piyasin, B.A. Ibrahim & H.P. Khoo (1993)- Triassic limestones within and around the Gulf of Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 83-95. (Triassic limestones found at many localities in Peninsular Thailand and NW Peninsular Malaysia) Fontaine, H., C. Chonglakmani, I. Amnan & S. Piyasin (1994)- A well-defined Permian biogeographic unit: peninsular Thailand and northwest Peninsula Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, p. 129-151. (M-U Permian-Triassic Ratburi Lst of Peninsular Thailand and Chuping Lst of NW Peninsular Malaysia with rel. low diversity corals and fusulinids (Pseudofusulina, Staffella, Monodiexodina), and with forams incl. Hemigordiopsis and Shanita. These characterize a well-defined biogeographic unit (Shan-Tai/ Sibumasu terrane; HvG). Noted similarities of several fossil groups with Timor Permian faunas) Fontaine, H., P. David, R. Pardede & N. Suwarna (1983)- Marine Jurassic in Southeast Asia. UN-ESCAP CCOP Techn. Bull. 16, p. 3-30. (Jurassic in W Philippines (Palawan Block), W Borneo, W Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Kampuchea and Vietnam. Marine Jurassic generally in limited areas only, and incomplete sections. Strong faunal affinities with Tethyan realm in E-M Jurassic, with Jurassic of Japan in Upper Jurassic) Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- The Middle Permian. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, Papers 22nd Sess. CCOP, Guangzhou 1985, Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Mineral Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Techn. Publ. 19, p. 99-112. (late E Permian brachiopod faunas of W Papua correlate with faunas of W Australia and do not show close relationship to Tethyan faunas)


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Fontaine, H., D.T. Nguyen, D. Vachard & C. Vozenin-Serra (1986)- The Permian of Southeast Asia. CCOP Tech. Bull. 18, p. 1-171. Fornasiero, M. (1996)- Mathematical model in benthic paleobiography for the Indonesian Tethyan and PostTethyan molluscs. Ann. Mus. Civ. Rovereto 11 (1995), p. 375-386. Fortey, R.A. & L.R.M. Cocks (1998)- Biogeography and palaeogeography of the Sibumasu terrane in the Ordovician: a review. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., Amsterdam, p. 43-56. (Sibumasu (= Shan-Tai) paleocontinent comprises Sumatra, Malaysia, W Thailand and Burma. Ordovician rocks in China, Burma, S Thailand and interior Australia mainly carbonates. Lower Ordovician shelf faunas from Thailand- Langkawi are low-latitude faunas and show affinity with N China- Australia, but M-U Ordovician trilobites most similar to S China) Fourcade, E., J. Azema, J.P. Bassoullet, F. Cecca, J. Dercourt et al. (1995)- Palaeogeography and palaeoenvironments of the Tethys during Jurassic Pangaean break-up. In: A.E.M. Nairn, L.E. Ricou et al. (eds.) The ocean basins and margins 8, The Tethys Ocean. Plenum, New York, p. 191-214. Fournier, M., L. Jolivet, P. Davy & J. Thomas (2004)- Backarc extension and collision: an experimental approach to the tectonics of Asia. Geophys. J. Int. 157, 2, p. 871-889. (Modeling of E Asia deformation during India- Asia collision) Fujikawa, M. & T. Ishibashi (2000)- Paleozoic ammonoid paleobiogeography in Southeast Asia. Geosciences J. 4, 4, p. 295-300. (Paleobiogeography of Late Paleozoic ammonoids in SE Asia. Sibumasu terrane separated from Gondwanaland in E-M Permian. Contrary to previous opinion, no close faunal resemblance between Indochina and S China from Pensylvanian to M Permian) Fuller, M., R. Haston, J.L. Lin, B. Richter, E. Schmidtke & J. Almasco (1991)- Tertiary paleomagnetism of regions around the South China Sea. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 161-184. (Paleomag data for Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines) Gatinsky, Y.G. (1986)- Geodynamics of Southeast Asia in relation to the evolution of ocean basins. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 55, p. 127-144. (Geodynamics of SE Asia closely connected with cyclic development of large oceanic basins: Paleotethys (M Paleozoic-E Mesozoic), Tethys (end Paleozoic- beginning Cenozoic), and Indian and Pacific Oceans (Late Mesozoic- Cenozoic). Opening of basins accompanied by simultaneous closing of earlier basins) Gatinsky, Y.G. & C.S. Hutchison (1986)- Cathaysia, Gondwanaland, and the Paleotethys in the evolution of continental Southeast Asia. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 179-199. (Continental SE Asia dominated by Precambrian continental blocks overlain by Late Proterozoic-Paleozoic platform successions. Most blocks rifted and drifted from Australian Gondwanaland in Early Paleozoic and were in equatorial position by Permian time. Between blocks are intensely folded mobile belts. West Borneo block initial separation from Eurasia in Late Triassic-Jurassic (creation of Proto-South China Sea), then detached from Indosinia in Late Cretaceous-Paleogene and moved S along fault margin of Vietnam shelf) Gatinsky, Y.G., C.S. Hutchison, N. N. Minh & T.V. Tri (1984)- Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. 27th Int. Geol. Congress, Moscow, Rep. 5, p. 225-239. Gatinsky, Y.G., A.V. Mischina, I.V. Vinogradov & A.A. Kovalev (1978)- The main metallogenic belts of Southeast Asia as the result of different geodynamic conditions interference. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. 3rd Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Resources of SE Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok, Asian Inst. Techn., p. 313-318.


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(Majority of mineral occurrences of SE Asia in five metallogenic belts) Gatinsky, Y.G. & D.V. Rundquist (2004)- Geodynamics of Eurasia; plate tectonics and block tectonics. Geotectonics 38, 1, p. 1-16. Gatinsky, Y.G., Y.G. Zorina & A.A. Chistyakov (1983)- Fault tectonics in Southeast Asia. Proc. 19th Sess. CCOP, Tokyo 1982, 2. Techn. Repts., p. 243-253. (Brief descriptions of characteristics of main fault zones in SE Asia) Geyer, O.F. (1977)- Die "Lithiotis-Kalke" im Bereich der unterjurassischen Tethys. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Paleont. Abh. 153- p. 304-340. ('The Lithiotis limestones' in the Early Jurassic Tethys Realm'. Tethyan Early Jurassic reefal limestones commonly dominated by large thick-walled Lithiotis-type bivalves. Also present in Futu Limestones of Timor (Krumbeck 1923, Hayami 1984)) Gobbett, D.J. (1973)- Carboniferous and Permian correlation in Southeast Asia In: Proc. Regional Conf. Geology of Southeast Asia, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia. 6, p. 131-142. Golonka, J. (2007)- Late Triassic and Early Jurassic palaeogeography of the world. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 244, p. 297-307. (Palaeogeographic maps for Late Triassic (Carnian-Norian) and E Jurassic (Hettangian-Toarcian). Triassic continued N-ward drift of Cimmerian continent corresponded with closure and consumption of Palaeotethys and opening of Neotethys. Most significant Late Triassic convergent event was Indosinian orogeny, result of consolidation of S and N China blocks. Also, Indochina and Indonesia sutured to S China. Triassic- Jurassic boundary important biotic extinction event) Golonka, J. (2007)- Phanerozoic paleoenvironment and paleolithofacies maps- Late Paleozoic. Geologia 33, 2, p. 145-209. (Global plate tectonic and paleogeographic maps for 8 Devonian- Permian time intervals. Includes AustraliaSE Asia blocks evolution) Golonka, J. (2007)- Phanerozoic paleoenvironment and paleolithofacies maps- Mesozoic. Geologia 33, 2, p. 211-264 (Global plate tectonic and paleogeographic maps for 8 Mesozoic time intervals. Most significant Triassic convergent event was Indosinian orogeny (collision of Indochina and Indonesia with S China). N-ward drift of Cimmerian continents driven by closing of Paleotethys and opening of Neotethys Ocean. SE Asia not very well portrayed in this global map series) Golonka, J. & D. Ford (2000)- Pangean (Late Carboniferous-Middle Jurassic) paleoenvironment and lithofacies. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 161, p. 1-34. Golonka, J., M. Krobicki & N. Van Giang (2006)- Paleogeographic maps of Southeast Asia. In: Proc. Second Int. Workshop IGCP Project 480, Structural and tectonic correlation across the Central Asian orogenic collage, Ulaanbaatar 2006, p. 71-74. (Extended Abstract only) (online at: http://www.igcp.itu.edu.tr/Publications/GolonkaKrob_06.pdf) Gorur, N. & A.M.C. Sengor (1992)- Paleogeography and tectonic evolution of the Eastern Tethysides: implications for the Northwest Australian margin breakup history. In: U. von Rad et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 122, College Station, p. 83-106. (Last major breakup from NW Australian continental margin along Exmouth, Wombat, Scott Plateaus in Berriasian-Hauterivian. Major continental fragments in Asiatic Tethyside orogenic collage already collided with Asia by that time. Similarity of Mesozoic geological record suggests Sikuleh-Natal continental sliver in Sumatra, plus possible extensions in Java probably continental object that left NW Australia in BerriasianHauterivian. This sliver records E Cretaceous rapid subsidence and collision with Sumatra along Woyla suture


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in Late Cretaceous. NW Australian margin two older breakup events: (1) latest Carboniferous-earliest Permian: departure of Sibumasu block and E Cimmerian continent (Baoxan, W Thailand, E Burma), W Malaya and part of C Sumatra; (2) Late Triassic-Jurassic. We suggest Lhasa- C Burma block left Gondwanaland, which leads us to think breakup event was latest Triassic, probably Rhaetian) Grant-Mackie, J.A., Y. Aita, B.E. Balme, H.J. Campbell, A.B. Challinor, D.A.B. MacFarlan, R.E. Molnar, G.R. Stevens & R.A.Thulborn (2000)- Jurassic palaeobiogeography of Australasia. In: A.J. Wright (ed.) Palaeobiogeogeography of Australasia, Mem. Australasian Assoc. Palaeont. 23, p. 311-353. Grunow, A.M. (1999)- Gondwanan events and palaeogeography: a palaeomagnetic review. J. African Earth Sci. 28, 1, p. 53-69. Hada, S., S. Bunopas, K. Ishii & S. Yoshikura (1999)- Rift-drift history and the amalgamation of Shan-Thai and Indochina/East Malaysia Blocks. In: I. Metcalfe (ed.) Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion (IGCP 321 Final Results Volume), Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 67-87. Hall, R., M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (2011)- The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of the AustraliaAsia collision. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of the Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc, London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 1-6. (Introduction to collection of geological papers on E Indonesia from 2009 SAGE conference) Hallam, A. (1986)- Evidence of displaced terranes from Permian to Jurassic faunas around the Pacific margins. J. Geol. Soc. London 143, p. 209-216. (Permian- Jurassic Tethyan marine invertebrate faunas from low latitude can be distinguished from less diverse higher latitude faunas. Displacement of these low-latitude faunas high latitudes around Pacific margins provides evidence for movement of displaced terranes. Fullest story worked out for W margin of N America, as far N as S Alaska. Also evidence for N-ward movement of continental segments along NE Asian margin. Torlesse Terrane of New Zealand appears to have moved considerable distance S-wards) Halle, T.G. (1935)- On the distribution of the Late Palaeozoic floras in Asia. Geografiska Ann. 17, Suppl., Sven Hedin volume, p. 106-111. (First paper to recognize three Permian floral provinces in Asia: Gondwanan-Glossopteris in SW, Angara in N, Cathaysian/ Sino-Malayan or Gigantopteris in SE) Harzhauser, M., A. Kroh, O. Mandic, W.E. Piller, U. Gohlich, M. Reuter & B. Berning (2007)- Biogeographic responses to geodynamics: a key study all around the Oligo-Miocene Tethyan Seaway. In: 48th Phylogenetic symposium on historical biogeography, Zoologischer Anzeiger 246, 4, p. 237-330. (Extensive terrestrial exchanges initiated by closure of Tethyan Seaway in Early Miocene. Until closure, marine faunal exchange via Mesopotamian Trough and Zagros Basin, reflected by Indonesian corals in Iran and “western” gastropods in Pakistan and India. Divergences on both sides of seaway starting in Oligocene. Around closure event Proto-Mediterranean faunas already little in common with Indo-West Pacific Region) Hasegawa (1996)- Ridge subduction model- a mechanism for an earlier South China Sea opening and an alternative paleogeographic reconstruction of Southeast Asia. In: 11th Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1996, p. 155-167. (Late Mesozoic- Tertiary plate reconstruction, generally compatible with Tapponier extrusion model. The now subducted Kula-Pacific Ridge beneath Eurasia Plate caused S China basins rifting and provides heat under S China continental crust)) Hashimoto, W., E. Aliate, N. Aoki, G. Balce, T. Ishibashi, N. Kitamura et al. (1975)- Cretaceous system of Southeast Asia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 15, p. 219-287. (Extensive review of Japanese work on Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleontology of Taiwan, Philippines, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, etc.)


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Hashimoto, W. & T. Sato (1980)- Correlation of the structural belts in East and Southeast Asia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 21, p. 343-356. Hayami. I. (1984)- Jurassic marine bivalve faunas and biogeography in Southeast Asia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 229-237. (Upper Jurassic bivalves in W Borneo part of East Asian Province with Philippines and Japan; Timor-Roti, Seram, Misool, etc., part of Maorian Province with Malayomaorica and Retroceramus haasti) Heads, M. (2002)- Regional patterns of biodiversity in New Guinea animals. J. Biogeogr. 29, p. 285-294. Heads, M. (2003)- Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10, 1, p. 311-449 (online at: http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0006/72726/Tel10Hea311.pdf) (Interesting paper discussing present-day plant distribution in SE Asia (mainly Erica, Rhododendron groups) and relation to plate tectonic history. Many terranes or groups of terranes have endemic species. Many distributions are hard to explain with present-day ecology, but can be understood through tectonic history) Heaney, L.R. (1991)- A synopsis of climatic and vegetational change in Southeast Asia. Climatic Change 19, 12, p. 53- 61. (Tropical rain forest in SE Asia developed in extensive archipelago during past 65 My or more. Miocene rain forest extended further N (to S China and Japan). Pleistocene development of continental glaciers at high latitudes associated in SE Asia with lowered sea level, cooler temperatures, and modified rainfall patterns. SE Asian vegetation during last glacial maximum (ca. 18,000 BP) different from that of today, with increase in extent of montane vegetation and savannah and decline in rain forest) Heine, C. (2002)- The tectonic evolution of the Northwest Shelf of Australia and southern Southeast Asia. M.Sc. Thesis Ruhr-Universat Bochum and University of Sydney, p. 1-94. (online at: http://www.earthbyte.org/people/christian/media/Heine_02_MScThesis_e-version.pdf) (Argo and Gascoyne Abyssal Plains off NW Australia are only preserved patches of Tethyan ocean floor; rest destroyed by subduction. W Burma Block identified as continental fragment breaking up from NW Shelf in Late Jurassic and accreted to SE Asian mainland in Santonian / Coniacian (85-80Ma) near W Thailand) Heine, C., R.D. Muller & C. Gaina (2004)- Reconstructing the lost Eastern Tethys Ocean basin: convergence of the SE Asian margin and marine gateways. In: P. Clift et al. (eds.) Continent-ocean interactions within East Asian marginal seas. Amer. Geoph. Union AGU, Geoph. Mon. Ser. 149, p. 37-54. (Reconstruction of E Tethys (Mesotethys and Neotethys) ocean basin for last 160 Myr, with reconstructions in 20 Myr increments, constrained by magnetic anomalies in Argo and Gascoyne abyssal plains of Australia NW shelf, assuming symmetrical spreading, etc.) Helmcke, D. (1984)-The orogenic evolution (Permian-Triassic) of central Thailand. Implications on paleogeographic models for mainland SE Asia. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, N.S., 147, p. 83-91. Helmcke, D. (1985)-The Permo-Triassic ‘Paleotethys’ in mainland Southeast-Asia and adjacent parts of China. Geol. Rundschau 74, 2, p. 215-228. (Permo-Triassic ‘Paleotethys’ suture must be expected S of Tibet and in Burma) Helmcke, D., R. Ingavat-Helmcke & D. Meischner (1993)- Spatvariszische Orogenese und Terranes in SudostAsien. Gottinger Arbeiten Geologie und Palaeontologie, 58, p. 29-38. ('Late Variscan orogenesis and terranes in Southeast Asia') Henderson, R.A., J.S. Crampton, M.E. Dettmann, J.G. Douglas, D. Haig, S. Shafik, J.D. Stilwell & R.A. Thulborn (2000)- Biogeographical observations on the Cretaceous biota of Australasia. In: A.J. Wright et al. (eds.) Palaeobiogeography of Australasian faunas and floras, Mem. Assoc. Australasian Pal. 23, p. 355-404. (Overview of Cretaceous macrofauna, microfauna, flora in Australia. Maximum paleobiogeographic gradients in Albian, Late Campanian and Maastrichtian)


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Hennig, D., B. Lehmann, D. Frei, B. Belyatsky, X.F. Zhao, A.R. Cabral, P.S. Zeng, M.F. Zhou & K. Schmidt (2009)- Early Permian seafloor to continental arc magmatism in the eastern Paleo-Tethys: U-Pb age and Nd-Sr isotope data from the southern Lancangjiang zone, Yunnan, China. Lithos 113, p. 408-422. (SW Yunnan key region for understanding of complex geological evolution of Paleo-Tethys and EurasiaGondwana collision at end of Paleozoic. S Lancangjiang zone at Laos border gabbros with a U–Pb zircon age of 292 Ma, indicative of E Permian sea-floor spreading. Also arc-like andesites and granodiorite intrusions with zircon ages of 284- 282 Ma. Point to Permian subduction of oceanic crust between Lincang Block and Lanping–Simao Block. M Triassic Lincang granite (239 Ma) batholith marks closure of Paleo-Tethys. Ndmodel ages from 1.7- 2.1 Ga point to Paleoproterozoic basement, probably fragment of Yangtze Block) Herngreen, G.F.W., M. Kedves, L.V. Rovnina & S.B. Smirnova (1996)- Cretaceous palynological provinces: a review. In: J. Jansonius & D.C. MacGregor (eds.) Palynology: principles and applications, Amer. Assoc. Strat. Palyn. Found. 3, p. 1157-1188. (Includes map of Albian-Cenomanian tropical-subtropical (peaking in subtropical arid climate?) Elaterosporites microfloral province, also known from PNG) Hess, H. (1999)- Permian. In: H. Hess et al. (eds.) Fossil crinoids, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 160-165. (Timor Permian crinoid faunas most diverse and abundant in world, with 320 species described by Wanner, most new and unique to Timor. Permian crinoids from Australia cooler water faunas, with much lower diversity than Timor faunas) Hirsch, F., K. Ishida, T. Kozai & A. Meesook (2006)- The welding of Shan-Thai. Geosciences J. (Geol. Soc. Korea), 10, p. 195-204. (Shan-Thai Terrane is remnant of Paleo-Tethys in SE Asia. Internal elements are Cathaysian, central part of terrane is of transitional 'Sibumasu' character. External 'Shan' elements left Gondwana last and have clear coldwater imprint. End Triassic-earliest Jurassic Late Indosinian orogen is main Paleotethyan tectonic closure event. Cenozoic Himalayan escape tectonics compressed Shan-Thai, opened Gulf of Thailand, disrupted original alignment of Gondwana-Tethys divide) Hisada, K., M. Sugiyama, K. Ueno, P. Charusiri & S. Arai (2004)- Missing ophiolitic rocks along the Mae Yuam Fault as the Gondwana-Tethys divide in north-west Thailand. The Island Arc 13, p. 119-127. (Thailand two continental blocks: Sibumasu and Indochina. Late Triassic Mae Sariang clastics in NW Thailand (Sibumasu) with chromian spinels sourced from ultramafic/ mafic rocks, suggesting ophiolitic rocks were exposed but no outcrops at present. Exposure of ophiolitic complex denotes suture zone and suggests Gondwana- Tethys divide is along Mae Yuam Fault zone) Hobbs, W.H. (1944)- Mountain growth, a study of the Southwestern Pacific Region. Proc. American Phil. Soc. 88, 4, p. 221-268. Holcombe, C.J. (1977)- How rigid are the lithospheric plates? Fault and shear rotations in southeast Asia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 134, p. 325-342. (Significant fault movement occurred in Tertiary in continental SE Asia. Three rotations recognized: Indochina subplates wrench rotation, Sunda shear rotation, and rotation of Malay Peninsula and Sunda Platform by movements along Ranong and Semangko faults) Holloway, J. & R. Hall (1998)- SE Asian geology and biogeography: an introduction. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., p. 1-23. Holloway, J. (1998)- Geological signal and dispersal noise in two contrasting insect groups in the IndoAustralian tropics: R-mode analysis of patterns in Lepidoptera and cicadas. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., p. 291-314.


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Honza, E. & K. Fujioka (2004)- Formation of arcs and backarc basins inferred from the tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia since the Late Cretaceous. Tectonophysics 384, p. 23-53. (New data in NW Philippines basin Daito Ridge used to reconstruct Late K- Tertiary SE Asian plate tectonics) Hsu, K.J., J. Li, H. Chen, Q. Wang, S. Sun & A.M.C Sengor (1990)- Tectonics of South China: key to understanding West Pacific geology. Tectonophysics 183, p. 9-39. (South China is composite of Proterozoic-Mesozoic orogenic belts. Three continental blocks: Yangzi, Huanan, and Dongnanya. Yangzi separated from Gondwana in Late Precambrian. N margin of Huanan was N active Gondwana margin until Devonian. Huanan and Yangzi collided in Triassic. Huanan separated in Devonian, with continuous Devonian-Triassic sequence on S passive margin of Huanan. Dongnanya has Permian glacial marine deposits and separated from Gondwana in Late Permian and may be E continuation of Sibumasu) Huang, B.C., R.X. Zhu, Y. Otofuji & Z.Y. Yang (2000)- The Early Paleozoic paleogeography of the North China block and the other major blocks of China. Chinese Science Bull. 45, 12, p. 1057-1065. (Review of paleomagnetic data of N China, S China and Tarim blocks suggests these blocks were adjacent to E Gondwana in low latitudes in E Cambrian) Huber, B.T. (1992)- Paleobiogeography of Campanian-Maastrichtian foraminifera in the southern high latitudes. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 92, p. 325-360. (On Late Cretaceous planktonic forams; mainly near Antarctica) Isbell, J.L., M.F. Miller, K.L. Wolfe & P.A. Lenaker (2003)- Timing of late Paleozoic glaciation in Gondwana: was glaciation responsible of the development of northern hemisphere cyclothems? In: M.A Chan & A.W. Archer (eds.) Extreme depositional environments: mega end members in geologic time, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 370, p. 5-24. Ishida, K. A. Nanba, F. Hirsch, T. Kozai & A. Meesook (2006)- New micropalaeontological evidence for a Late Triassic Shan-Thai orogeny. Geosciences J. 10, 3, p. 181-194. (Shan-Thai block is remnant of Paleotethys in SE Asia. Nan-Uttaradit/Nan-Chantaburi and Bentong-Raub sutures commonly proposed as main Paleotethyan suture, but Mae Sariang Zone suture further W advocated here as main suture. Triassic chert-sequence in Mae-Sot and Umphang, NW Thailand, with M and Late Triassic (Ladinian- Norian-Rhaetian) radiolarians, overlain by ‘Jurassic base-conglomerate’ and Toarcian- E Bajocian shelf deposits. Chert clasts in conglomerate with same Norian-Rhaetian radiolarians, suggesting age of collision is latest Triassic) Jenny, C. & G. Stampfli (2000)- Permian palaeogeography of the Tethyan Realm. Permophiles 37, p. 24-33. (Well-illustrated series of Tethys reconstructions for Late Carboniferous- Late Permian, showing the generally accepted model of a mainly Paleozoic ocean N of Cimmerian continents (Paleotethys), a Late PaleozoicMesozoic ocean S of this continent (Neotethys; = Mesotethys of other authors?;HvG)), and a Middle Jurassic ocean (Alpine Tethys)) Jeletzky, J.A. (1963)- Malayomaorica gen. nov. (Family Aviculopectinidae) from the Indo-Pacific Upper Jurassic, with comments on related forms. Palaeontology 6, p. 148-160. (online at: http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%206/Pages%20148-160.pdf) (S Hemisphere Late Jurassic bivalves described as Buchia and Aucella differ from N Hemisphere-Boreal Buchia, therefore assigned to new genus Malayomaorica. Typical of Kimmeridgean of Gondwana margin, including NW Australia, New Zealand New Guinea, Misool, Sula, E Sulawesi, Timor, Ceram, Buru; HvG) Jin, X. (1998)- A comparison between Permo-Carboniferous sequences of the Baoshan Block and the Lhasa Block, China. In: Permian of Eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 110, 1-2, p. 401-404. Jin, X. (2002)- Permo-Carboniferous sequences of Gondwana affinity in Southwest China and their paleogeographic implications. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 633-646.


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(Descriptions of stratigraphy of Gondwana-affinity Permo-Carboniferous sequences in Himalayas, Lhasa Block, S Qiangtang Block in Tibet, and Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Yunnan, SW China) Jin, X, Huang Hao, Shen Yang & Wang Y. (2008)- Subdivision and correlation of Middle-Late Permian successions in the Baoshan Block, Western Yunnan, China: status and problems. Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), Bangkok, p. 341-348. (online at: http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/103.pdf) Jin, X.C & X.N. Yang (2004)- Paleogeographic implications of the Shanita-Hemigordius fauna (Permian foraminifer) in the reconstruction of Permian Tethys. Episodes 27, 4, p. 273-278. (online at: http://www.episodes.co.in/www/backissues/274/273-278%20Jin.pdf) (Permian foraminifer Shanita of special paleobiogeographic importance. Occurs in Gondwana-derived blocks, in strip from peninsular Thailand to Burma, S China, S Afghanistan, Oman, etc. to Turkey. Often associated with Hemigordius. Shanita-Hemigordius fauna considered as marker of marginal Gondwana environment) Kamata, Y., K. Ueno, H. Hara, M. Ichise, T. Charoentitirat, P. Charusiri, A. Sardsud & K. Hisada (2009)Classification of the Sibumasu and Paleo-Tethys tectonic division in Thailand using chert lithofacies. Island Arc 18, 1, p. 21-31. (Two chert types, used to map Paleotethys suture in N Thailand- Malaysia: (1) Devonian- M Triassic pelagic chert (common radiolarians, no terrigenous material) as blocks in sheared matrix, originated in Paleo-Tethys; (2) Triassic hemipelagic chert (scattered radiolarian tests and calcareous organisms such as foraminifera), accumulated on E margin of Sibumasu Block. Cherts in two N-trending zones: W zone hemipelagic cherts and glaciomarine successions on Precambrian basement (Sibumasu), E zone pelagic chert and limestone (PaleoTethys). Boundary between zones is N-trending low-angle thrust, resulting from collision of Sibumasu and Indochina blocks) Kanmera, K. & K. Nakazawa (1973)- Permian- Triassic relationship and faunal changes in the eastern Tethys. Mem. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. 2, p. 100-119. (Audley-Charles et al. 1979: Permian Maubisse Fm of Timor close affinities with Asian facies and faunas) Kasuya, A., Y. Isozaki & H. Igo (2012)- Constraining paleo-latitude of a biogeographic boundary in midPanthalassa: fusuline province shift on the Late Guadalupian (Permian) migrating seamount. Gondwana Res. 21,p. 611-623. (Use of fusulinid forams and paleomagnetic data to reconstruct low latitude origin of M Permian seamount, which accreted to the S China (Japan) margin in Jurassic) Kennett, J.P., G. Keller & M.S Srinivasan (1985)- Miocene planktonic foraminiferal biogeography and paleogeographic development of the Indo-Pacific region. In: The Miocene Ocean: paleoceanography and biogeography, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 163, p. 197-236. Kiessling W., E. Flugel & J. Golonka (1999)- Paleoreef maps: evaluation of a comprehensive database on Phanerozoic reefs. AAPG Bull. 83, 10, p. 1552-1587. Kiessling W., E. Flugel & J. Golonka (2003)- Patterns of Phanerozoic carbonate platform sedimentation. Lethaia 36, 3, p. 195-225. Kimura, T. (1984)- Mesozoic floras of East and Southeast Asia, with a short note on the Cenozoic floras of Southeast Asia and China. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 325-350. (Review of Triassic- Cretaceous floras in SE Asia and China. NW Borneo Late Triassic- E Jurassic Krusin flora is part of Indochina/ South China Dictyophyllum- Chlathropteris floristic province) Kimura, T. (1985)- Notes on the present status of Late Triassic floras in East and Southeast Asia. In: III Congr. Latino America Paleontology, Mexico City, Simp. sobre Floras Trias, Mem. 3, p. 5-9


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Kimura, T. (1987)- Geographical distribution of Paleozoic and Mesozoic plants in East and Southeast Asia. In: A. Taira & M. Tashiro (eds.) Historical biogeography and plate tectonic evolution of Japan and Eastern Asia, Terra Science Publ., Tokyo, p. 135-200. Kobayashi, F. (1997)- Middle Permian biogeography based on fusulinacean faunas In: C.A. Ross et al. (eds.) Late Paleozoic foraminifera, their biostratigraphy, evolution and paleoecology, and the Mid-Carboniferous boundary, Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ. 36, p. 73-76. Kobayashi, F. (1997)- Middle Permian fusulinacean faunas and paleobiogeography of exotic terranes in the Circum-Pacific. In: C.A. Ross et al. (eds.) Late Paleozoic foraminifera, their biostratigraphy, evolution and paleoecology, and the Mid-Carboniferous boundary, Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ. 36, p. 77-80. Kobayashi, F. (1999)- Tethyan uppermost Permian (Dzhulfian and Dorashamian) foraminiferal faunas and their paleogeographic and tectonic implications. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 150, p. 279-307. Kobayashi, T. (1978)- The Jurassic palaeogeography of Japan and Southeast Asia. Proc. Japan Acad. 54, B 10, p. 583-588. Kobayashi, T. (1979)- The Trigonioides basins and the Cretaceous palaeogeography of East and Southeast Asia. Proc. Japan Acad. 55, B 1, p. 1-5. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (On distribution of Early-Middle Cretaceous non-marine bivalve mollusc Trigonioides in SE Asia, including in continental facies of Rantaulajung Fm near Martapura, SE Kalimantan with Upper Cretaceous conchostracans) Kobayashi, T. & M. Tamura (1983)- On the Oriental Province of the Tethyan Realm in the Triassic period. Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. B, 59 , 7, p. 203-206. (Short paper on provinciality in Triassic bivalves. Oriental Province of Tethys with species indigenous to E and SE Asia. Stretches from Kashmit, Burma, S China, Malay Peninsula, to E Indonesia. No maps) Kozur, H. (1973)- Faunenprovinzen in der Trias und ihre Bedeutung fur die Klarung der Paleogeographie. Geol. Palaont. Mitt. Innsbruck 3, 8, p. 1-41. ('Faunal provinces in the Triassic and their significance for paleogeography'. Paleobiogeography based on conodonts: Triassic of SE Asia, incl. Timor, is in Tethyan faunal province. No maps) Kristan-Tollmann, E. (1986)- Triassic of the Tethys and its relations with the Triassic of the Pacific realm. Int. Symposium on Shallow Tethys 2, p. 169-186. Kristan-Tollmann, E. (1988)- Unexpected microfaunal communities within the Triassic Tethys. In: M.G. Audley-Charles & A. Hallam (eds.) Gondwana and Tethys, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 37, p. 213-223. (Remarkable uniformity in Triassic faunas throughout Tethyan region. Both planktonic and benthic organisms. Very little on SE Asia) Kristan-Tollmann, E. (1988)- Pandemic ostracod communities in the Tethyan Triassic. In: R. Whatley & C. Maybury (eds.) Ostrocoda and global events. British Micropal. Soc. Publ., p. 541-544. (Tethyan Late Triassic ostracodes in Sahul Shoals 1 well, Australia NW Shelf. Similar Triassic ostracode faunas on N and S sides of Tethys (Timor, NW Australia)) Kristan-Tollmann, E. (1991)- Triassic Tethyan microfauna in Dachstein limestone blocks in Japan. Proc. Shallow Tethys 3 Symp., Sendai 1990, Saito Hoon Kai Spec. Publ. 3, p. 35-49. Kusumastuti, A., A. Mortimer, C. Todd, E. Guritno, G. Goffey, M. Bennet & S. Algar (2001)- Deep-water petroleum provinces of SE Asia: a high level overview. Proc. Deep-Water Sedimentation of Southeast Asia, FOSI 2nd Regional Seminar, Jakarta 2001, p. 10-15.


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Lacassin, R., P.H. Leloup & P. Tapponnier (1993)- Bounds on strain in large Tertiary shear zones of SE Asia from boudinage restoration. J. Struct. Geol. 15, p. 677-692. Lam, H.J. (1930)- Het genetisch-plantengeografisch onderzoek van den Indischen Archipel en Wegener’s verschuivingstheorie. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 2, 47, p. 553-581. (‘The genetic plant-geographic investigation of the Indies Archipelago and Wegener’s continental drift theory’) Lambiase, J.J. (2011)- The stacked-channel reservoir sands of SE Asia. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 26, 40p. (Presentation package) Lan, C.Y., S.L. Chung, C.H. Lo, T.Y. Lee, P.L. Wang, H. Li & D. Van Toan (2001)- First evidence for Archean continental crust in northern Vietnam and its implications for crustal and tectonic evolution in Southeast Asia. Geology 29, 3, p. 219-222. (First evidence of Late Archean continental crust in SE Asia on S China Block. Gneisses from Cavinh Complex, S of Red River shear zone, N Vietnam, Archean Nd model ages 3.4-3.1 Ga, zircon U-Pb ages of 2.8-2.5 Ga) Landman, N.H., R.A. Davis & R.H. Mapes (2007)- Biogeography of Kutch ammonites during the latest Jurassic (Tithonian) and a global paleobiogeography overview. In: Cephalopods present and past: new insights and fresh perspectives, Springer Netherlands, 3, p. 375-395. Langford, R.P., B. Cairncross & M. Friedrich (1992)- Permian coal and palaeogeography of Gondwana. Bureau Min. Res. Geol Geoph., Australia, Record 1991/95, Palaeogeography 39, 136 p. Laveine, J.P., B. Ratanasthien & S. Sithirach (1993)- The Carboniferous flora of Northeastern Thailand: its paleogeographic importance. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 317, p. 279-285. Laveine, J.P., B. Ratanasthien & A.H. Hussin (1999)- The Carboniferous floras of Southeast Asia: implications for the relationships and timing of accretion of some Southeast Asian blocks. In: I. Metcalfe (ed.) Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion, IGCP 321 Final Results Volume, Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 229-246. (Carboniferous flora of E Peninsular Malysia ('Kuantan flora' of Asama) and NE Thailand typical Euramerican aspect, suggesting Indo-China Block was in terrestrial connection with N Paleotethyan landmass, probably S China Block since at least E Carboniferous. E Malaya Block also part of North Paleotethyan domain) Laveine, J.P., S. Zhang, Y. Lemoigne & B. Ratanasthien (1999)- Paleogeography of East and Southeast Asia during carboniferous times on the basis of paleobotanical information: some methodological comments and additional results. In: B. Ratanasthien & S.L. Ried (eds.) Proc. Int. Symposium on Shallow Tethys (ST) 5, Chiang Mai, p. 55-72. Le Dzuy Bach & Ngo Gia Thang (1995)- Phanerozoic ophiolites in Indochina. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geology of Southeast Asia and adjacent areas, Hanoi 1995, J. of Geol. Hanoi, B, 1995, 5-6, p. 212-221. Leloup, P.H., R. Lacassin, P. Tapponnier et al. (1995)- The Ailao Shan- Red River shear zone (Yunnan, China), Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina. Tectonophysics, 251, p. 3-84. Leloup, P.H., N. Arnaud, R. Lacassin, et al. (2001)- New constraints on the structure, thermochronology and timing of the Ailao Shan- Red River shear zone. J. Geoph. Res. 106, p. 6683-6732. Le Pichon, X., M. Fournier & L. Jolivet (1992)- Kinematics, topography, shortening, and extrusion in the IndiaEurasia collision. Tectonics 11, p. 1085-1098. Lepvrier, C., H. Maluski, Vu Van Tich et al. (2004)- The Early Triassic Indosinian orogeny in Vietnam (Truong Son Belt and Kontum Massif); implications for the geodynamic evolution of Indochina. Tectonophysics 393, p. 87-118.


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(E Triassic (~250-240 Ma) Indosinian Orogeny interpreted as result of synchronous oblique collision of Indochina block with both Sibumasu and S China) Lethiers, F. & S. Crasquin-Soleau (1995)- Distribution des ostracodes et paleocourantologie au Carbonifere terminal-Permien. In: First European Palaeont. Congr., Geobios 28, Suppl. 1, p. 257-272. ('Ostracode distribution and paleocurrents in Late Carboniferous and Permian'. Australian margin, at S side of Paleo-Tethys, in colder environment, and no species in common with N side) Li, P., Gao Rui, Cui Junwen & Guan Ye (2004)- Paleomagnetic analysis of eastern Tibet: implications for the collisional and amalgamation history of the Three Rivers Region, SW China. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, p. 291-310. (Analysis of paleolatitudes and latitudinal displacements for S China, Simao, Baoshan, Shan-Thai, Indochina, Qiangtang, Lhasa and Himalayan blocks: (1) Simao Block S China-derived; (2) Baoshan and Shan-Thai blocks rapid N drift from Late Carboniferous- Late Permian; (3) Baoshan Block collided with Simao Block in Late Permian and continued to drift N, together with S China and Shan-Thai blocks, until Late Triassic; (4) PaleoTethys separating Baoshan and Simao blocks possibly opened in Early Silurian; (5) Meso-Tethys ranged in age from E Permian- E Cretaceous, and reached greatest width of about 42° latitude in Late Triassic) Li, Q., B. Li, G. Zhong, B. McGowran, Z. Zhou, J. Wang & P. Wang (2006)- Late Miocene development of the western Pacific warm pool: planktonic foraminifer and oxygen isotopic evidence. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 237, p. 465-482. Li, X.H., Z.X. Li, W.H. Li & Y.J. Wang (2006)- Initiation of the Indosinian orogeny in South China: evidence for a Permian magmatic arc on Hainan Island. J. Geol. 114, p. 341-353. Li, X.X. & G.L. Shen (1996)- A brief review of the Permian macrofloras in southeast Asia and their phytological delimitation. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 13, p. 161-170. (Overview of Permian macrofloras of SE Asia, with map of Permian phytogeographical provinces. Djambi flora of C Sumatra is southernmost Cathaysian flora. New Guinea Permian flora mixed Gondwanan and Cathaysian) Li, X.X. & X.Y. Wu (1994)- The Cathaysian and Gondwana floras; their contribution to determining the boundary between eastern Gondwana and Laurasia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 4, p. 309-317. (Permian floras suggest boundary between E Gondwana and Laurasia runs along Bangongeo-Dengqen suture of Qinghai-Xizang plateau, turns S near Qamdo in E Xizang, then possibly extends through Baoshan District of W. Yunnan to link up with Pham Sore and Bentong-Raub sutures of Thailand-Peninsular Malaysia from where it continues further S across E Sumatra to Indian Ocean, then changes to E-W direction, along deep-sea trench S of Java and, subsequently, turns NE running through Banda Sea to link up with W New Guinea) Li, Z.X. & C.M. Powell (2001)- An outline of the palaeogeographic evolution of the Australasian region since the beginning of the Neoproterozoic. Earth Sci. Rev. 53, p. 237-277. (Plate reconstructions of Australian region from 1000 Ma- recent) Li, Z.X., L. Zhang & C.M. Powell (1996)- Positions of the East Asian cratons in the Neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 43, p. 593-604. Liao, W.H. (1990)- The biogeographic affinities of East Asian corals. In: Early Palaeozoic Biogeography, Mem. Geol. Soc., London, 12, p. 175-179. (In E Asia tabulate and rugose corals present between in E Ordovician and end Permian. Ordovician corals of N China related to Americo-Siberian region, those of S China close affinity to E Australia in Early Silurian, but more akin to Urals and C Asia in M-L Silurian. E-M Devonian 5 biogeographic provinces in E Asia: (1) Arctic; (2) Junggar-Hinggan; (3) Uralo-Tian Shan; (4) Palaeotethys and (5) S China) Lin, J.L., M Fuller & W.Y. Zhang (1985)- Paleogeography of the North and South China blocks during the Cambrian. J. Geodynamics 2, p. 91-114.


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(Paleomagnetic results show S China block close to equator in Cambrian, and suggested to be adjacent to N Australia. This juxtaposes Cambrian marine basins in S China and Australia, explains stratigraphic similarity between late Precambrian Sinian System in S China and Adelaide System in Australia and continuing fossil affinities in Cambrium- Ordovician. Proposed geographic configuration lasted from late Precambrian (800 Ma)- E Ordovician (470 Ma). Paleomag from Cambrian of N China block indicate it was in S hemisphere, with paleontological evidence suggesting it was close to Tibet, Iran and N India during Paleozoic) Lindsay, J.F. (1997)- Permian postglacial environments of the Australian Plate. In: I.P. Martini (ed.) Late glacial and postglacial environmental changes. Oxford Univ. Press, p. 213-229. Liu B.P., Q.L. Feng & N.Q. Fang (1991)- Tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Tethys in Changning-Menglian Belt and adjacent Regions, Western Yunnan. J. China University of Geosciences 2, p. 18-28. Liu, S., R.Z. Hua, S. Gao, C.X. Feng., Z. Huang., S. Lai et al. (2009)- U-Pb zircon, geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic constraints on the age and origin of Early Palaeozoic I-type granite from the Tengchong-Baoshan Block, Western Yunnan Province, SW China. J. Asian Earth Sci. 36, p. 168-182. (Cambrian monzogranite from Tengchong-Baoshan Block, W Yunnan, zircon ages of ~ 499- 502 Ma. Numerous other granitoids of similar age (490-470 Ma) across Tengchong-Baoshan Block and on Indian Plate and Himalayan Orogenic Belt, both parts Gondwana supercontinent. Tengchong-Baoshan Block also formed part of Gondwana, and separated in Late Paleozoic) Lohman, D.J., M. de Bruyn, T. Page, K. von Rintelen, R. Hall, P.K.L. Ng et al. (2011)- Biogeography of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Ann. Rev. Ecology, Evolution Systematics 42, 1, p. (in press) Long, J.A. & E. Buffetaut (2001)- A biogeographic comparison of the dinosaurs and associated vertebrate faunas from the Mesozoic of Australia and Southeast Asia. In: I. Metcalfe et al. (eds.) Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia-Australasia. Balkema, Lisse, p. 97-104. Luyendyk, B.P. (1974)- Gondwanaland dispersal and the early formation of the Indian Ocean. In: B.P. Luyendyk & T.A. Davies (eds.) Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Project 26, Washington, p. 945-952. (Early paper on formation of Indian Ocean and dispersal of Gondwana pieces towards Asia) Maruyama, S., S. Omori, H. Senshu, K. Kawai & B.F. Windley (2011)- Pacific-type orogens: new concepts and variations in space and time from present to past. J. Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 120, p.115-223. (online at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography/120/1/115/_pdf) (In Japanese with English summary. Overview of Pacific-type active margins, with examples from Indonesia. Show Miocene forearc spreading in Banda outer arc, creating ophiolites that now rest on metamorphic belts from Timor, through Leti-Moa-Sermata to Dai islands, etc.) Maung, H. (1983)- A new reconstruction of Southeast Asia and Gondwanaland in relation to mantle plumes or hotspots. Proc. South East Asia Petroleum Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX), p. 66-70. Mayr, E. (1945)- Wallace’s Line in the light of recent zoogeographic studies. In: P. Honig & F. Verdoorn (eds.) Science and scientists in the Netherlands Indies. Board for the Netherlands Indies, Surinam and Curacao, New York, p. 241-250. (Wallace’s zoogeographic line not the boundary between Indo-Malayan and Australian regions, rather the edge of Sunda shelf area. Weber’s Line separates islands in W with predominantly Indo-Malayan elements from islands in E with dominantly Australo-Papuan elements) McCabe, R. (1984)- Implications of paleomagnetic data on the collision related bending of island arcs. Tectonics 3, 4, p. 409-428. (Paleomagnetic studies from C Philippines, Sulawesi, Fiji-New Hebrides, etc. show differences in declination within same arc. Rotated segments of upper plate where buoyant feature on downgoing plate (seamount, continental fragment or island arc) locally deforms margin of upper plate. Stresses resulting from collision may


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result in 1) strike-slip faults causing sideward extrusion of portions of upper plate; 2) changes in subduction zone polarity; 3) strike-slip faults around margin of indenter; or 4) reorganization of entire plate margin) McCabe, R. & J. Cole (1987)- Speculations on the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the South East Asian margin. In: M.K. Horn (ed.) Trans. 4th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Singapore 1986, p. 375-394. McCabe, R. & J. Cole (1989)- Speculations on the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the Southeast Asian margin. In: Z. Ben-Avraham (ed.) The evolution of the Pacific Ocean margins. Oxford Univ. Press, p. 143-160. McCabe, R., S. Harder, V. Paijitprapapon, G. Nguyen & E. Lumadyo (1992)- Paleomagenetic evidence to define a stable east Asia and Sundaland. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 7, 4, p. 260-261. McCabe, R., S. Harder, J.T. Cole & E. Lumadyo (1993)- The use of palaeomagnetic studies in understanding the complex Tertiary tectonic history of East and Southeast Asia. J. SE Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 257-268. (Paleomag data from Philippines, Indo-China, Japan) McCabe, R., D. Merrill, J.T. Cole & E. Lumadyo (1996)- The use of palaeomagnetic studies in understanding the complex Tertiary tectonic history of East and Southeast Asia. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 369-383. McElhinny, M.W., B.J.J. Embleton, H. Max & Z.K. Zhang (1981)- Fragmentation of Asia in the Permian. Nature 293, p. 212-216. (Compilation of Permian paleomagnetic data. Asia is a composite continent formed by the accretion of crustal blocks. Malay Peninsula and Japan were situated near Equator in Permian time and therefore separated from Asian continent. Permian of Sino-Korean and Yangtze blocks of China also near Equator) McElhinny, M.W., N.S. Haile & A.R.Crawford (1974)- Paleomagnetic evidence shows Malay Peninsula was not a part of Gondwanaland. Nature 252, 5485, p. 641-645. (Reconnaissance paleomagnetic survey on Malay Peninsula suggests it lay at 15° N in Late Paleozoic, so could not have been part of Gondwanaland) McGowran, B., M. Archer, P. Bock, T.A. Darragh et al.(2000)- Australasian palaeobiogeography: the Palaeogene and Neogene record. In: A.J. Wright et al. (eds.) Palaeobiogeography of Australasian fauans and floras, Mem. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont. 23, p. 405-470. McKellar, J.L. (2002)- Geophysical controls on late Palaeozoic- early Mesozoic geological history and floral succession: eastern Australia in perspective. In: G.A. Brock & J.A. Talent (eds.) First Int. Palaeontological Congress, Sydney, Australia, Geol. Soc. Australia, p. 47- 84. McLoughlin, S. (2001)- The breakup history of Gondwana and its impact on pre-Cenozoic floristic provincialism. Austral. J. Botany 49, 3, p. 271-300. (From Carboniferous to Cretaceous S continents broadly similar floras but some species-level provincialism apparent at all times. Gondwanan floras radical turnovers near end Carboniferous, end Permian and end Triassic that appear unrelated to isolation or fragmentation of supercontinent. Throughout Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic high-latitude southern floras maintained different composition to palaeoequatorial and boreal regions even though they remained in physical connection with Laurasia for much of this time) McManus, J. & R.B. Tate (1978)- Fragmentation of the China Plate and the development of marginal seas of S.E. Asia. Proc. SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1978, 14 p. (Tectonics of SE Asia, particularly Sulu- Celebes Seas. Some marginal seas originated by intraplate spreading, others by border spreading)


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Meert, J. (2003)- A synopsis of events related to the assembly of eastern Gondwana. Tectonophysics 362, p. 140. Meesook, A. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1994)- Biostratigraphic correlation of marine Jurassic rocks within Thailand and Southeast Asia. Proc. Int. Symp. Stratigraphic Correlation Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1994, p. 160-169. Mei, S. & C.M. Henderson (2001)- Evolution of Permian conodont provincialism and its significance in global correlation and paleoclimate implication. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimat., Paleoecol. 170, p. 237- 260. (Early Permian Gondwana Cool Water Province with Vjalovognathus in Canning, Carnarvon and W Timor. Permian conodont provincialism not distinct until Kungurian) Mei, S. & C.M. Henderson (2002)- Comments on some Permian conodont faunas reported from Southeast Asia and adjacent areas and their global correlation. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 6, p. 599-608. (Conodont faunas from SE Asia classified in new faunal provinces: Equatorial Warm Water (EWWP), periGondwana Cool Water (GCWP) and N Cool Water (NCWP; N China). GCWP marked by Vjalovognathus, etc., EWWP by absence of Gondolelloides and Vjalovognathus in E-M Cisuralian, abundance of Sweetognathus and Pseudosweetognathus in Kungurian, etc. Mixed faunas between EWWP and GCWP include W Timor Artinskian, SE Pamirs Kungurian and Salt Range Guadalupian- Lopingian) Meister, C. (2007)- Les Phricodoceratidae Spath, 1938 (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): ontogenese, evolution et paleobiogeographie. Geodiversitas 29, 1, p. 87-117. (p. 112-113: Lower Jurassic ammonites described from Roti by Krumbeck (1922; Pliensbachian Ibex zone) have North Tethys affinities, suggesting these are from exotic blocks now on S Tethys/ Australian margin ?) Metcalfe, I. (1983)- Southeast Asia. In: R.H. Wagner et al. (eds.) The Carboniferous of the world, 1. IUGS. Publ. 16, p. 213-243. Metcalfe, I. (1985)- Stratigraphy, palaeontology and palaeogeography of the Carboniferous of Southeast Asia. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, N.S. 147, p. 107-118. Metcalfe, I. (1986)- Late Palaeozoic palaeogeography of Southeast Asia: some stratigraphical, palaeontological and palaeomagnetic constraints. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 19, p. 153-164. (First of many Metcalfe papers on SE Asian tectonic blocks, their Gondwanan origins and histories of rifting, drift and collision with Asia. SE Asia 4 tectonic blocks, SIBUMASU, MANABOR, Indochina and South China. Indochina and S China rifted off Gondwana in Late Devonian- E Carboniferous and sutured to each other by M Carboniferous. SIBUMASU separated from Australian Gondwana in late Lower Permian. MANABOR accreted to Indochina/S China by Late Triassic, possibly earlier) Metcalfe, I. (1988)- Origin and assembly of South-East Asian continental terranes. In: M.G. Audley-Charles & A. Hallam (eds.) Gondwana and Tethys, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 37, p. 101-118. (Documentation of stratigraphic successions and paleobiogeographic affinities of Sibumasu, East Malaya, Indochina and SW Borneo blocks) Metcalfe, I. (1989)- Carboniferous and Permian palaeogeography of Southeast Asia. Compte Rendu 9th Congr. Intern. Stratigr. Geol. Carbonifere, Beijing 1987, 4, p. 245-264. Metcalfe, I. (1990)- Allochthonous terrane processes in Southeast Asia. Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. London. Ser. A, Math. Phys. Sciences, 331, 1620, Allochthonous Terranes, p. 625-640. (online at: http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/d673155257474040/fulltext.pdf) Metcalfe, I. (1991)- Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic palaeogeography of Southeast Asia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimat., Palaeoecol. 87, p. 211-221.


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Metcalfe, I. (1991)- Allochthonous terrane processes in Southeast Asia. In: J. Dewey et al. (eds.), Allochthonous Terranes. Cambridge University Press, p. 169-182. Metcalfe, I. (1992)- Ordovician to Permian evolution of Southeast Asian terranes: NW Australian Gondwana connections. In: B.D. Webby & J. R. Laurie (eds.) Global perspectives on Ordovician geology, Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on the Ordovician System, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 293-305. Metcalfe, I. (1993)- Palaeomagnetic research in Southeast Asia: progress, problem and prospects. Explor. Geoph. 24, 2, p. 277- 282. (Stratigraphical, sedimentological, palaeobiogeographic and palaeomagnetic data suggest that probably all SE Asian continental terranes derived from Gondwana. Terranes assembled between Late Paleozoic and Cenozoic, but precise times of rifting from Gondwana and timings of amalgamation and accretion still contentious. Palaeomagnetic data vital for constraining movements of crustal blocks) Metcalfe, I. (1993)- Southeast Asian terranes: Gondwanaland origins and evolution. In: R.H. Findlay et al. (eds.) Gondwana Eight- Assembly, evolution and dispersal, Proc 8th Gondwana Symp., Hobart, 1991, Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 181-200. Metcalfe, I. (1994)- Gondwanaland origin, dispersion, and accretion of East and Southeast Asian continental terranes. J. South American Earth Sci. 7, 3-4, p. 333-347. (Assembly of Gonwana-derived terranes in SE Asia) Metcalfe, I. (1996)- Pre-Cretaceous evolution of SE Asian terranes. In: R.Hall & J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 97- 122. (Pre-Cretaceous continental terranes of E and SE Asia all derived from Gondwanaland. Continental slivers rifted from N margin of Gondwanaland in Devonian (N China, S China, Indochina/East Malaya/Simao, Qaidam and Tarim), E-M Permian (Cimmerian continent incl. Sibumasu and Qiangtang); and Late TriassicLate Jurassic (Lhasa, W Burma and Woyla). N drift of these terranes accompanied by opening and closing of Palaeo-Tethys, Meso-Tethys and Ceno-Tethys. Assembly of Gondwanaland-derived terranes began with amalgamation of S China and Indochina/East Malaya in Late Devonian/E Carboniferous to form 'Cathaysialand'. Suturing of Sibumasu and Qiangtang to Cathaysia in Late Permian-Triassic. S and N China amalgamated, then accreted to Laurasia by Late Triassic-E Jurassic. Kurosegawa Terrane of Japan possibly from Australian Gondwana, accreted to Japanese Eurasia in Late Jurassic. Lhasa, W Burma and Woyla terranes accretion to SE Asia in Cretaceous. SW Borneo and Semitau terranes derived from S China/ Indochina by Cretaceous opening of marginal basin, subsequently destroyed by S-ward subduction during rifting of Reed Bank-Dangerous Grounds terrane from S China when S China Sea opened) Metcalfe, I. (1996)- Gondwanaland dispersion, Asian accretion and evolution of the eastern Tethys. Australian J. Earth Sci. 43, p. 605-623. Metcalfe, I. (1998)- Palaeozoic and Mesozoic geological evolution of the SE Asian region: multidisciplinary constraints and implications for biogeography. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 25-41. Metcalfe, I. (1999)- The ancient Tethys Oceans of Asia: how many? how old? how deep? how wide? UNEAC Asia papers, University of New England, Armidale, 1, p. 1-9. (Online at: http://www.une.edu.au/asiacentre/PDF/Metcalfe.pdf) (Tethys in E Asia three successive ocean basins: Palaeo-Tethys (late E Devonian- M Triassic), Meso-Tethys (late E Permian- Late Cretaceous) and Ceno-Tethys (Late Triassic (W)/Late Jurassic (E)- Cenozoic). Ocean basins water depths comparable to modern ocean basins and all three had widths of 2000- 3000 km in E parts at maximum development)


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Metcalfe, I. (1999)- The ancient Tethys Oceans of Asia: how many? how old? how deep? how wide? In: Ratanasthein, B. & S.L. Rieb (eds.) Proc. Int. Symposium on Shallow Tethys (ST) 5, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1999, p. 1-15. (Same paper as above) Metcalfe, I. (1999)- Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion: an overview. In: I. Metcalfe (ed.) Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion. IGCP 321 Final Results Volume, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 9-28. Metcalfe, I. (1999)- The Palaeo-Tethys in East Asia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur 1998, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 131-143. (Paleo-Tethys opened in Devonian when N China, S China, Tarim, Indochina separated from N Gondwanaland and closed between between Carboniferous and Triassic) Metcalfe, I. (2000)- The nature and ages of Palaeo-Tethyan suture zones in East Asia. Geosci. J. 4, p. 33-38. Metcalfe, I. (2000)- The Bentong-Raub suture zone. J Asian Earth Sci. 18, 6, p. 691-712. (Bentong-Raub Suture Zone of Malay Peninsula is closed segment of Devonian- M Triassic Palaeo-Tethys ocean and boundary between Sibumasu and Indochina terranes. Suture zone result of Permian N-ward subduction of Palaeo-Tethys under Indochina and Triassic collision of Sibumasu terrane. Sibumasu separated from Gondwana in late Sakmarian (E Permian), then drifted N in Permian-Triassic, with E Malaya I-type volcano-plutonic arc on Indochina margin. Main structural discontinuity in Peninsular Malaysia between Palaeozoic and Triassic. Orogenic deformation started in U Permian-Lower Triassic. E-M Triassic, A-Type subduction and crustal thickening generated Late Triassic- E Jurassic Main Range syn- to post-orogenic granites. Foredeep basin developed on margin of Sibumasu in front of accretionary complex with Semanggol Fm rocks. Suture zone covered by latest Triassic- Cretaceous red bed overlap sequence) Metcalfe, I. (2001)- The Bentong-Raub suture zone, Permo-Triassic orogenesis and amalgamation of the Sibumasu and Indochina terranes. Gondwana Res. 4, 4, p. 701-702. (Abbreviated version of above paper) Metcalfe, I. (2001)- Warm Tethys and cold Gondwana: East and SE Asia in Greater Gondwana during the Phanerozoic. In: R.H. Weiss (ed.) Contributions to Geology and Palaeontology of Gondwana- in honour of Helmut Wopfner, Kolner Forum fur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Koln, p. 333-348. Metcalfe, I. (2002)- Permian tectonic framework and palaeogeography of SE Asia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 6, p. 551-566. (On Gondwanan versus S China/Indochina-derived continental terranes in SE Asia. ‘Cathaysian’ S ChinaIndochina and Simao terranes at equatorial paleolatitude in Permian, but derived from Gondwana in Devonian. Sibumasu attached to NW Australia Gondwana until Sakmarian, then evolved through Permian intermediate stage to Cathaysian, reflecting separation and N ward drift. W Birma and smaller terranes (Paternoster, W Sulawesi, Mangkalihat) split off Gondwana in Late Triassic- Jurassic. SW Borneo, Luconia, Reed Bank, Palawan derived from S China/ Indochina in Cretaceous. Various terranes in E Indonesia derived from New Guinea in Cenozoic) Metcalfe, I. (2002)- Tectonic history of the SE Asian-Australian region. In: P. Kershaw et al. (eds.) Bridging Wallace’s Line: the environmental and cultural history of the SE Asian- Australian region. Advances in Geoecol. 34, p. 29-48. Metcalfe, I. (2005)- Asia: South-East. In: R.C. Selley et al. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Geology 1, Elsevier, Oxford, p. 169-198. Metcalfe, I. (2008)- Gondwana dispersion & Asian accretion: an update. In: Proc Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok, p. 23-25. (online at: http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/003.pdf)


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(Re-evaluations suggest W Sumatra and W Burma blocks separated from Gondwana in Devonian, along with Indochina and E Malaya and together with S China formed 'Cathaysialand' in Permian. 'Argoland' , which separated from NW Australia in Jurassic previously interpreted to be W Burma but may be SW Borneo) Metcalfe, I. (2009)- Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic and palaeogeographic evolution of SE Asia. In: E. Buffetaut, G. Cuny et al. (eds.) Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic ecosystems in SE Asia. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 315, p. 7-23. (SE Asia collage of continental terranes derived from India-Australian margin of E Gondwana. Late PaleozoicMesozoic rifting and separation of three elongate continental slivers from E Gondwana and opening and closure of Palaeo-Tethys, Meso-Tethys and Ceno-Tethys ocean basins. W Sumatra, W Burma, Indochina and East Malaya blocks separated from Gondwana in Devonian and with S China formed ‘Cathaysialand’ in Permian. They were translated W to positions outboard of Sibumasu Terrane by strike-slip tectonics in Late Permian-E Triassic at convergence between Meso-Tethys and Palaeo-Pacific plates. SW Borneo, previously considered of 'Cathaysian' origin, is possibly ‘Argoland’ that separated from NW Australia in Jurassic) Metcalfe, I. (2009)- Comment on “An alternative plate tectonic model for the Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic Palaeotethyan evolution of Southeast Asia (Northern Thailand–Burma)” by O.M. Ferrari et al. (2008). Tectonophysics 471, p. 329-332. (Criticism of Ferrari et al. redefining “Shan-Thai” terrane in Thailand as Cathaysian, Indochina-derived terrane, traditionally defined as Gondwanan continental block, introducing unnecessary confusion. Mai Yuam Fault, identified as Palaeo-Tethys suture, is Cenozoic fault; Palaeo-Tethys suture zone represented by Inthanon Suture zone in Thailand, equivalent to previously recognized Inthanon zone. Concept of derivation of 'Orang Laut' terranes from S China-Indochina by back-arc spreading is innovative. Little evidence to support proposed S-wards subduction of Palaeo-Tethys beneath E Gondwana in Permian) Metcalfe, I. (2011)- Tectonic framework and Phanerozoic evolution of Sundaland. Gondwana Res. 19, p. 3-21. (Sundaland collage of continental blocks derived from E Gondwana and assembled by closure of multiple Tethyan and back-arc ocean basins. Core of Sundaland comprises Sibumasu block in W and Indochina-E Malaya block in E, with island arc terrane, which formed on Indochina–E Malaya margin, in-between. PalaeoTethys represented by Changning-Menglian, Chiang Mai/Inthanon and Bentong-Raub suture zones. W Sumatra and possibly W Burma blocks separated from Gondwana, with Indochina and E Malaya in Devonian and accreted to Sundaland core in Triassic. W Burma now considered Cathaysian, similar to W Sumatra, from which it separated by Andaman Sea opening. SW Borneo and E Java-West Sulawesi tentatively identified as 'Argoland', which separated from NW Australia in Jurassic and accreted to SE Sundaland in Cretaceous) Metcalfe, I. (2011)- Palaeozoic-Mesozoic history of SE Asia. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 7-35. (Latest version of Metcalfe's SE Asia Cambrian- Eocene reconstructions of Gondwana-derived blocks and Tethyan oceans. Recent modification is identification of SW Borneo and/or E Java- W Sulawesi as missing ‘Argoland’ that separated from NW Australia in Jurassic and accreted to SE Sundaland in Cretaceous) Metcalfe, I., C. Jen, J. Chavet & S. Hade (eds.) (1999)- Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion. IGCP 321 Final Results Volume, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 361 p. Metcalfe, I., J.M.B. Smith, M. Morwood & I. Davidson (eds.) (2001)- Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia- Australasia. A.A. Balkema, Lisse, 416 p. Metcalfe, I. & M. Sone (2008)- Biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of Lower Permian (lower Kungurian) conodonts from the Tak Fa Formation (Saraburi Limestone), Thailand. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 257, p. 139-151. (E Permian (Kungurian) conodonts from Saraburi Lst in C Thailand, located on W margin of Indochina Terrane. Association with fusulinids and presence of Sweetognathus and Pseudosweetognathus indicate equatorial warm water faunas)


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Metcalfe, I., F.C.P. Spiller, B. Liu, H. Wu & K. Sashida (1999)- The Paleo-Tethys in Mainland East and Southeast Asia: contributions from radiolarians studies. In: I. Metcalfe (ed.) Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion, Final Results IGCP Project 321. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 259-281. (Radiolarian biostratigraphy in Thailand, S China, Malaysia, etc., constrains ages of Palaeotethys Ocean opening (Devonian) and closing (Triassic)) Metivier, F., Y. Gaudemer, P. Tapponnier & M. Klein (1999)- Mass accumulation rates in Asia during the Cenozoic. Geoph. J. Int. 137, p. 280-318. Meyerhoff, A.A. (1996)- Surge-tectonic evolution of southeastern Asia: a geohydrodynamics approach. J. Southeast Earth Sci. 12, 3-4, p. 145-247. (Unorthodox, non-plate tectonic model for SE Asia) Meyerhoff, A.A., A.J. Boucot et al. (eds.) (1996)- Phanerozoic faunal and floral realms of the Earth: the intercalary relations of the Malvinokaffric and Gondwana realms with the Tethyan faunal realm. Geol. Soc. America Mem. 189, 69 p. Michaux, B (1981)- Distributional patterns and tectonic development in Indonesia: Wallace reinterpreted. Australian Syst. Botany 4, 1, p. 25-36. Michaux, B. (1994)- Land movements and animal distributions in east Wallacea (eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Melanesia). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 112, p. 323-343. (Present-day animal distribution patterns linked to plate tectonics) Michaux, B. (1995)- Distributional patterns in west Wallacea and their relationship to regional tectonic structure. Sarawak Mus. J., p. 163-179. Michaux, B. (2010)- Biogeology of Wallacea: geotectonic models, areas of endemism, and natural biogeographical units. Biol. J. Lineean Soc. 101, 1, p. 193-212. (Review of models of geological development of Indonesia and Philippines. Areas of present-day endemism within Wallacea identified. Tanimbar Islands biologically part of S Maluku. Timor (plus Savu, Roti, Wetar, Damar, Babar) and W Lesser Sundas form separate areas of endemism. Wallacea formed from complex of predominantly Australasian exotic fragments linked by geological processes within complex collision zone) Min, M., K.L. Khin, Q. Feng, C. Chonglakmani, D. Meischner, R. Ingavat-Helmcke & D. Helmcke (2001)Tracing disrupted outer margin of Paleoeurasian continent through Union of Myanmar. J. China Univ. Geosciences 12, 3, p. 201-206. (Discussion of difficulty of carrying Paleotethys suture between Gondwanan 'Sibumasu' terranes and PaleoEurasia continent through Myanmar and into S China. Main point of contention is position of Boashan Block, which has both Gondwanan and Tethyan characteristics in Permian) Mishra, H.K. (1996)- Comparative petrological analysis between the Permian coals of India and Western Australia: paleoenvironments and thermal history. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 125, p. 199-216. Molnar, P. & P. Tapponier (1975)- Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision. Science 189 (4201), p. 419-426. Morley, C.K. (2001)- Combined escaped tectonics and subduction rollback-back arc extension: a model for the evolution of Tertiary rift basins in Thailand, Malaysia and Laos. J. Geol. Soc., London, 158, 3, p. 461-474. (Tertiary rift basins of Thailand and adjacent countries show considerable variability in timing of rifting and inversion episodes. Rift basins developed on blocks that were extruded SE-ward, possibly tied to Himalayan extrusion tectonics. In Thailand major sinistral strike-slip motion ceased at ~30 Ma, prior to formation of most rift basins. Alternative mechanism to open rift basins is subduction rollback of Indian plate W of Thailand)


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Morley, C.K. (2002)- A tectonic model for the Tertiary evolution of strike-slip faults and rift basins in SE Asia. Tectonophysics 347, p. 189-215. (Two types of SE Asia Tertiary evolution models: (1) escape tectonics with no proto-S China Sea, (2) subduction of proto-S China Sea oceanic crust beneath Borneo. Proposed tectonic model with key points: (1) Ailao Shan- Red River shear zone mainly active in Eocene-Oligocene tied to extension in S China Sea, less active in Miocene; (2) three regions of metamorphic core complex development affected Indochina from Oligocene-Miocene; (3) Subduction of proto-S China Sea in Eocene-Early Miocene necessary to explain evolution of NW Borneo; (4) Eocene-Oligocene collision of NE India with Burma activated extrusion tectonics in mainland SE Asia and right lateral motion along Sumatran subduction zone) Morley, C.K. (2004)- Nested strike-slip duplexes, and other evidence for Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene transpressional tectonics before and during India-Eurasia collision in Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia. J. Geol. Soc. London 161, p. 799-812. Morley, C.K. (2009)- Evolution from an oblique subduction back-arc mobile belt to a highly oblique collisional margin: the Cenozoic tectonic development of Thailand and eastern Myanmar. In: P.A. Cawood & A. Kroner (eds.) Earth accretionary systems in space and time, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 318, p. 373-403. (N to NE subduction beneath SE Asia during Mesozoic-Cenozoic resulted in development of hot, thickened crust in Thailand–Myanmar region in back-arc mobile belt setting. Setting changed in Eocene–Recent to highly oblique collision when India coupled with W Burma block) Morley, C.K., R. King, R. Hillis, M. Tingay & G. Backe (2011)- Deepwater fold and thrust belt classification, tectonics, structure and hydrocarbon prospectivity: a review. Earth-Science Rev. 104, p. 41-91. (Overview of deepwater fold-thrust systems. Two types, Type 1 mainly on passive margins, driven by sediment loading or local uplift,typically with high-quality continent-derived quartz sst reservoirs Type 2 on active margins, in areas of continental convergence. Examples include NW Borneo, W Sulawesi- Makassar Straits, Banda Arc, Seram)) Morley, R.J. (1998)- Palynological evidence for Tertiary plant dispersals in the SE Asian region in relation to plate tectonics and climate. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 211-231. Morley, R.J. (2000)- Origin and evolution of tropical rain forests. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 362 p. (SE Asia chapter describes Cenozoic vegetation response to plate tectonic evolution, as reflected in Indonesia palynology records. Middle Eocene arrival of palynomorphs known from older deposits in India is consequence of India-Asia collision. In M Eocene SW Sulawesi has Laurasian flora, and was attached to E Kalimantan; Makassar Straits became floral-faunal migration barrier in Late Eocene. First Australian- New Guinea floral elements (Casuarina, etc.) start appearing in W Java Sea around 22-21 Ma) Morley, R.J. (2000)- Tertiary history of the Malesian flora: a palynological perspective. In: L.G. Saw et al. (eds.) Taxonomy: the cornerstone of biodiversity, Forest Research Inst. Malaysia, Kepong, p. 197-210. Morley, R.J. (2002)- Tertiary vegetation history of SE Asia, with emphasis on biogeographical relationships with Australia. In: P. Kershaw et al. (eds.) Bridging Wallace’s Line: the environmental and cultural history of the SE Asian- Australian region. Advances in Geoecol. 34, p. 2-28. Morley, R.J. (2003)- Interplate dispersal paths for megathermal angiosperms. In: Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics 6, Urban & Fischer Verlag, p. 5-20. (Review of dispersal of megathermal angiosperms between tectonic plates in Cretaceous and Tertiary. Early Cretaceou s radiation of angiosperms unrelated to formation of Tethys. Nine dispersal routes, some tied to Late Cretaceous- E Tertiary Gondwana break-up and routes formed since M Eocene phases of plate collision)


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Morley, R.J. & J.R. Flenley (1987)- Late Cainozoic vegetational and environmental changes in the Malay Archipelago. In: T.C. Whitmore (ed.) Biogeographical evolution of the Malay Archipelago, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 50-59. Moyne, S. & P. Neige (2007)- The space-time relationship of taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity in the Middle Jurassic ammonite radiation. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 248, p. 82-95. (Australia biogeographic realm comprises Western Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and Sula Islands. Not much specific data/ interpretation) Moyne, S., P. Neige, D. Marchandet & J. Thierry (2004)- Repartition mondiale des faunes d’ammonites au Jurassique moyen (Aalenien superieur a Bathonien moyen): relations entre biodiversite et paleogeographie. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 175, 5, p. 513-523. ('Global distribution of ammonite faunas in the Middle Jurassic (Upper Aalenian to Middle Bathonian): relations between biodiversity and palaeogeography'. Tethyan, Pacific, Boreal domains and associated epicratonic platforms divided into 16 palaeobiogeographical provinces. Provinces that show strong endemism are isolated (Boreal and SE Tethyan margin)) Mutterlose, J. (1992)- Early Cretaceous belemnites from the East Indian Ocean and their paleobiogeographic implicatons In: F.M. Gradstein et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 123, p. 443-450. (online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/123_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr123_22.pdf) (ODP Holes 761B-766A (Legs 122-123) off NW Australia Exmouth Plateau yielded Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian-Hauterivian) belemnites, including Belemnopsis cf. jonkeri, Belemnopsis ex gr. moluccana s.l., Hibolithes and Duvalia. Assemblages close affinities to Belemnopsis moluccana group from Indonesia and are included in Neocomian Indo-Pacific Subprovince of Tethyan Realm) Nakamura, K., D. Shimizu & Z. Liao (1985)- Permian palaeobiogeography of brachiopods based on faunal provinces. In: K. Nakazawa & J.M. Dickins (eds.) The Tethys, her paleogeography and paleobiogeography from Paleozoic to Mesozoic. Tokai Univ. Press, Tokyo, p. 185-198. Nicoll, R.S. (2004)- New Permian cold water conodont faunas from the Tethyan Gondwanan margin of Australia. GSA Rocky Mountain and Cordilleran Joint Meeting, 20-11 (Abstract only) Nicoll, R.S. & I. Metcalfe (1998)- Early and Middle Permian conodonts from the Canning and southern Carnarvon basins, W Australia; their implications for regional biogeography and paleoclimatology. In: G.R. Shi et al. (eds.) Strzelecki Int. Symp. Permian of eastern Tethys; biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources. Proc. Roy. Soc.Victoria. 110, 1-2, p. 419-461. (Small, low diversity conodont faunas from E-M Permian of W Australia. Species of Hindeodus and Vjalovognathus cool-temperature tolerant forms that were first conodonts to invade after Late CarboniferousEarly Permian glaciation. Faunas of similar age from Timor significantly greater faunal diversity) Nicoll, R.S. & I. Metcalfe (2001)- Cambrian to Permian conodont biogeography in East Asia-Australasia. In: I. Metcalfe et al. (eds.) Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia-Australasia. Balkema, Lisse, p. 5972. Nie Shangyou, D.B. Rowley & A.M. Ziegler (1990)- Constraints on the location of Asian microcontinents in Palaeo-Tethys during the Late Palaeozoic. In: W.S. McKerrow & C.R. Scotese (eds.) Palaeozoic palaeogeography and biogeography, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 12, p. 397-409. (Overview of Permian terranes history, mainly of mainland Asia. Biogeographic provinces well developed in Late Palaeozoic due to steep equator-to-pole gradients. As continents rifted from S margin of Palaeo-Tethys, they lost temperate Gondwanan affinities and acquired sub-tropical to tropical floras and faunas. A S belt of terranes, from Helmand block in Iran-Afghanistan, through W Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks of Tibet to Sibumasu block of Thailand-Malaya, all rifted off margins of Gondwana in Permian. Cathaysian floras existed in N parts of Gondwana (New Guinea), and since Cathaysian plants like Gigantopteris had to be dispersed by seeds this suggests land connections between Cathaysian microcontinents and Gondwana)


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Nishimura, A. (1992)- Carbonate bioclasts of shallow-water origin at Site 793. In: B. Taylor, K. Fujioka et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program ODP, Sci. Res. 126, p. 231-234. (occ. Eocene LBF Pellatispira, Biplanispira at W Pacific Site 793, Izu-Bonin arc region, in Oligocene-age gravity flows) Nishiwaki, C. (1981)- Tectonic control of porphyry copper genesis in the Southwestern Pacific island arc region. Mining Geol. 31, 167, p.131-146. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/..) (In Japanese with English abstract) (Distribution of porphyry coppers in SW Pacific region confined to island arcs in collisional tectonic regime, including: (1) mobile zone between two facing subduction zones (Philippines, Solomons); (2) Arc-arc collision (Sabah); (3) Continent-arc collision (Papua New Guinea). Many other island arcs like Kuril, Japan, Izu-Bonin, Mariana, Ryukyu, Sunda and Sumatra no large concentration of copper of this type) Niu, Y., B. Jiang & H. Huang (2011)- Triassic marine biogeography constrains the palaeogeographic reconstruction of Tibet and adjacent areas. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 306, 3-4, p. 160-175. (Triassic marine bivalves paleobiogeography suggests three provinces (NE Tethyan, SE Tethyan, Himalayan) from E Triassic- Carnian. Palaeobiogeographic pattern used in palaeogeographic reconstruction of study area, such as position and timing of collision of Palaeo-Tethys and Meso-Tethys in Triassic (work does not extend into Indonesia; HvG) Noakes, L.C. (1977)- Review of provenance for mineral sands and tin in Southeast Asia. United Nations ESCAP, CCOP Techn. Bull. 11, p. 157-168. Norton, I.O. & J.G. Sclater (1979)- A model for the evolution of the Indian Ocean and the breakup of Gondwanaland. J. Geoph. Res. 84, p. 6803-6830. Nur, A. & Z. Ben-Avraham (1981)- Lost Pacifica continent: a mobilistic speculation. In G. Nelson & D.E.Rosen (eds.) Vicariance biogeography- a critique. Columbia University Press, New York, p. 341-358. Ogg, J.G. & U. von Rad (1994)- The Triassic of the Thakkhola (Nepal). II: Paleolatitudes and comparison with other Eastern Tethyan margins of Gondwana. Int. J. Earth Sci. 83, 1, p. 107-129 (Thakkhola region of Nepal Himalaya was part of Gondwana continental shelf facing E Tethys ocean. This margin was continuous from Arabia to NW Australia. Margin progressively shifted N into more tropical latitudes, from 55° S in Late Permian, 40° S in Eg Early Triassic, 30° S in M Triassic and 25° S during Late Triassic, producing general increase in carbonate deposition through Triassic) Okada, H. & N.J. Mateer (eds.) (2000)- Cretaceous environments of Asia. Dev. Palaeont. Strat. 17, Elsevier, 264 p. (Reviews of Cretaceous in Japan, Philippines, mainland E Asia; nothing on Indonesia/ New Guinea) Onoue, T., J. Chablais, R. Martini (2009)- Upper Triassic reefal limestone from the Sambosan accretionary complex in Japan and its geological implication. J. Geol. Soc. Japan, 115, 6, p. 292-295. Onoue, T. & H. Sano. (2007)- Triassic mid-oceanic sedimentation in Panthalassa Ocean: Sambosan accretionary complex, Japan. Island Arc 16, 1, p. 173-190. Onoue, T. & G.D. Stanley (2008)- Sedimentary facies from Upper Triassic reefal limestone of the Sambosan accretionary complex in Japan: mid-ocean patch reef development in the Panthalassa Ocean. Facies 54, p. 529547. Oosting, A.M. (2004)- Palaeoenvironmental and climatic changes in Australia during the Early Cretaceous. Thesis University Utrecht, p. (online at www.igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2005-0210-140318)


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Oostingh, C.H. (1938)- Betrekkingen tusschen het Indische en het Mediterrane Tertiair. Handel. 8e Nederl. Ind. Natuurwet. Congr., Soerabaja 1938, p. 508-516. ('Relationships between the East Indies and Mediterranean Tertiary'. Neogene mollusc biostratigraphy and comparisons) Osanoai, Y., N. Nakano, M. Owada, T.N. Nam, T. Miyamoto et al. (2008)- Collision zone metamorphism in Vietnam and adjacent South-eastern Asia: proposition for Trans Vietnam orogenic belt. J. Min. Petrol. Sci. 103, p. 226-241. (online at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmps/103/4/103_226/_article) Ozawa, T. (1987)- Permian fusulinacean biogeographic provinces in Asia and their tectonic implication. In: A. Taira & M. Tashiro (eds.) Historical biogeography and plate tectonic evolution of Japan and Eastern Asia, Terra Scient. Publ., Tokyo, p. 45-63. Page, K.N. (2008)- The evolution and geography of Jurassic ammonoids. Proc. Geol. Assoc. 119, 1, p. 35-57. Peters, S.G. (2006)- The distribution of major copper deposits in the Southeast Asia region. In: Q. He et al. (eds.) Proc. 42nd CCOP Ann. Sess., Beijing 2005, p. 55-58. (Brief overview of distribution of porphyry copper deposits in SE Asia. No figures) Peters, S.G., W.J. Nokleberg, J.L. Doebrich, W.J. Bawiec, G. Orris, D.M. Sutphin & D.R. Wilburn (2006)Geology and nonfuel mineral deposits of Asia and the Pacific. US Geol. Survey Open-File Report 2005-1294C, p. 1-63. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1294/c/OFR2005-1294C.pdf) (Overview of mineral deposits in SE Asia (incl. China, India, Indonesia)- Pacific (incl. Japan, Australia,New Zealand) Philippe, M., M. Bamford, S. McLoughlin, L.S.R. Alves, H.J. Falcon-Lang, S. Gnaedinger et al. (2004)Biogeographic analysis of Jurassic- Early Cretaceous wood assemblages from Gondwana. Rev. Paleobot. Palynol. 129, p. 141-173. (Distribution of Jurassic- Early Cretaceous fossil wood across Gondwana suggests 5 climate zones: summer wet, desert, winter wet, warm temperate, cool temperate. Araucarian-like conifer wood dominant, cosmopolitan element, whereas other taxa more provincialism) Piccoli, G. (1984)- Cenozoic molluscan associations of Mediterranean and Southeast Asia: a comparison. Mem. Sci. Geol., Padova, 36, p. 499-521. Piccoli, G. (2002)- Tethyan exchange of bentic molluscs between SE Asia and Mediterranean in the Paleogene Mem. Scienze Geol. 54, p. 1-8. Poignant, A. & C. Lorenz (1985)- Repartition biogeographique de foraminiferes benthiques a l'Oligocene et au Miocene inferieur dans la Tethys. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 8, 5, p. 771-779. Polhemus, D.A. (1996)- Island arcs, and their influence on Indo-Pacific biogeography. A. Keast & S.E. Miller (eds.) The origin and evolution of Pacific island biotas, New Guinea to eastern Polynesia: patterns and processes, SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, p. 51-66. Potter, P.E., A.B. Franco, C.W. Spencer & M.V. Caputo (1995)- Petroleum in glacially related sandstones of Gondwana: a review. J. Petrol. Geol. 18, p. 397-420. Powell, C.M. & B.D. Johnson (1980)- Contraints on the Cenozoic position of Sundaland. Tectonophysics 63, p. 91-109. (Old paper on India collision and evolution of Sundaland)


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Powell, C. McA., B.D. Johnson & J.J. Veevers (1980)- Constraints on the positions of India, Australia and Southeast Asia since the Late Cretaceous. Proc. 5th Conf.SE Asia Petrol. Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX V), Singapore, p. 82-89. Raven, P.H. & D.I. Axelrod (1972)- Plate tectonics and Australasian paleobiogeography. Science 176, 4042, p. 1379-1386. Rees, P. M., A.M. Ziegler, M.T. Gibbs et al. (2002)- Permian phytogeographic patterns and climate data/model comparisons. J. Geology 110, p. 1-31. (online at: www.geo.arizona.edu/rees/2202-4.pdf) Reid, C.M. & N.P. James (2010)- Permian higher latitude bryozoan biogeography. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 298, p. 31-41. Ren, J., K. Tamaki, Sitian Li & Zhang Junxia (2002)- Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas. Tectonophysics 344, p. 175-205. (On widespread Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic extension in E China and adjacent areas. First rifting stage in Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, second phase in NE Asia. Paleogene stage widespread continental rift systems and continental margin basins in E China (incl. South China Sea)) Renema, W., D.R. Bellwood, J.C. Braga, K. Bromfield, R. Hall, K.G. Johnson, P. Lunt et al. (2008)- Hopping hotspots: global shifts in marine biodiversity. Science 321, p. 654-657. (Fossil and molecular evidence reveals at least three hotspots of high marine biodiversity in past 50 million years. They moved across globe, with timing and locations coinciding with major tectonic events. Birth and death of successive hotspots highlights link between environmental change and biodiversity patterns. Antiquity of taxa in modern Indo-Australian Archipelago hotspot emphasizes role of pre-Pleistocene events) Rensch, B. (1936)- Die Geschichte des Sundabogens, eine tiergeographische Untersuchung. Borntraeger, Berlin, p. 1-318. (‘The history of the Sunda Arc: a zoogeographic investigation’) Rich, T.H. & G.C. Young (1996)- Vertebrate biogeographic evidence for connections of the east and southeast Asian blocks with Gondwana. In: Z.X. Li, I. Metcalfe & C.McA. Powell (eds.) Breakup of Rodinia and Gondwanaland and Asembly of Asia, Austral. J. Earth Sci. 43, 6, p. 625-634. (Fluctuating affinities between aquatic faunas of China and Australia in Devonian. Within S China Block similar endemic freshwater fish faunas on Yangtze and Huanan terranes demonstrate juxtaposition in mid‐Palaeozoic. Triassic tetrapod faunas of Australia quite distinct from China and Thailand) Ricou, L.E. (1994)- Tethys reconstructed- plates, continental fragments and their boundaries since 260 Ma from Central America to Southeastern Asia. Geodin. Acta 7, 4, p. 169-218. Ricou, L.E. (1995)- Tethys and transit plate patterns viewed against long-term periodicity of magnetic field reversals. Phys. Earth and Planetary Int. 87, p. 255-265. Ridd, M.F. (1971)- Faults in Southeast Asia and the Andaman Rhombochasm. Nature 229, 2, p. 51-52. Ridd, M.F. (1971)- South East Asia as part of Gondwana. Nature 234, p. 531-533. Ridd, M.F. (1980)- Possible Palaeozoic drift of SE Asia and Triassic collision with China. J. Geol. Soc., London 137, 5, p. 635-640. (Paleozoic- E Mesozoic of Thai-Malay Peninsula provide evidence of subduction zone to E and, in Lower Palaeozoic, cratonic sediment source to W. Separation from Gondwana in mid-Palaeozoic and collision with mainland Asia in Late Triassic)


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Rigby, J.F. (1998)- Upper Palaeozoic floras of SE Asia. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 73-82. (Minor Carboniferous flora in Thailand and W Malaysia (including 'Kuantan flora'), probably similar to S China floras. More extensive Permian floras known from Thailand, Laos, W. Malaysia, Sumatra and Irian Jaya. All are ‘Cathaysian’ floras, but some floras from Thailand and Irian Jaya also contain Gondwanan Glossopteris) Rigby, J.F. (1998)- Glossopteris occurrences in the Permian of Irian Jaya (West New Guinea). In: G.R. Shi, N.W. Archbold & M. Grover (eds.) Strzelecki international symposium on Permian of Eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources, Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 110, 1-2, p. 309-315. (Permian flora in Aiduna Fm outcrop in SW part of New Guinea’body’ and Poeragi 1 well in Birds Head. Mainly endemic species, but assemblages transitional between temperate Gondwana Glossopteris flora and tropical Cathaysia flora. These are seed plants, suggesting land connection between the two regions) Ross, A. & J.R. Ross (1985)- Carboniferous and Early Permian biogeography. Geology 13, 1, p. 27-30. Rowley, D.B. (1992)- Reconstructions of the Circum-Pacific region. In: G.E.G. Westermann (ed.) The Jurassic of the Circum-Pacific, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 15-26. Roy, S.S. (1978)- Eastern Tethys and microplates framed in Himalayan, Central and Southeast Asian geology. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. SE Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok 1978, p. 165-172. (Early version of SE Asian plates history) Santini, F. & R. Winterbottom (2002)- Historical biogeography of Indo-Western Pacific coral reef biota: is the Indonesian region a centre of origin? J. Biogeography 29, 29, p. 189-205. (Most lineages of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna may have originated in western Indian Ocean, Australia, or SW Pacific, probably from lineages that remained isolated after breakup of Gondwanan supercontinent, or because of movement of island arcs) Sashida, K. & H. Igo (1999)- Occurrence and tectonic significance of Paleozoic and Mesozoic radiolaria in Thailand and Malaysia. In: I. Metcalfe (ed.) Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion, IGCP 321 Final Results Volume, Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 175-196. (Cherts and associated shales of Thailand and Peninsular Malysia contain rich U Devonian- M Triassic radiolarian faunas, allowing subdivision in 13 zones. Based on our studies timing of collision of Shan-Thai with E Malaya is E Triassic and Shan-Tai with Indochina Late Triassic or later) Sato, T. (1975)- Marine Jurassic formations and faunas in Southeast Asia and New Guinea. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 15, University of Tokyo Press, p. 151-189. (Compilation of Jurassic fossils/ stratigraphy in SE Asia. Jurassic rel. rare. May be classified as (1) thick, geosynclinal sequences in Sumatra, Java, Timor and New Guinea; (2) shallow marine calcareous facies with rich macrofaunas in E Sulawesi, Sula, Buru, Ceram and Misool; (3) marine clastic sediments with poor molluscs in W Thailand/ Burma, W Sarawak, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, etc. and (4) Khorat Group continental red beds in NE Thailand- S Laos) Scheibnerova, V. (1971)- Foraminifera and the Mesozoic biogeoprovinces. Rec. Geol. Survey New South Wales 13, p. 135-174. Schellart, W.P. & G.S. Lister (2005)- The role of the East Asian active margin in widespread extensional and strike-slip deformation in East Asia. J. Geol. Soc., London 162, p. 959-972. (Most of E Asia Cenozoic deformation not extrusion tectonics, but back-arc extension caused by E-ward rollback of subducting slab along E Asian active margin and collapse of overriding plate towards retreating hinge-line. Extension took place along ~7400 km long stretch of E Asian margin during most of Cenozoic)


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Schwan, W. (1985)- The worldwide active Middle/Late Eocene geodynamic episode with peaks at +/-45 and +/37 Mybp, and implications and problems of orogeny and sea-floor spreading. Tectonophysics 115, p. 197-234. (Numerous tectonic events globally in M-L Eocene around 45 Ma and 37 Ma, suggesting major reorganization in plate tectonic pattern) Scotese, C.R., A.J. Boucot & W.S.McKerrow (1999)- Gondwanan palaeogeography and palaeoclimatology. J. African Earth Sci. 28, p. 99-114. Scotese, C.R. & R.P. Langford (1995)- Pangea and paleogeography of the Permian. In: P.A. Scholle et al. (eds.) The Permian of Northern Pangea. Springer, Berlin, p. 3-19. Sengor, A.M.C. (1984)- The Cimmeride orogenic system and the tectonics of Eurasia. Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Paper 195, p. 1-74. Sengor, A.M.C. (1985)- The story of Tethys: how many wives did Okeanos have? Episodes 8, 1, p. 3-12. Sengor, A.M.C. & S. Atayman (2009)- The Permian extinction and the Tethys: an exercise in global geology. Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Paper 448, p. 1-85. (End-Permian faunal extinctons may be consequence of sealing off of Paleo-Tethys ocean from Panthalassa by a land bridge formed from Cimmerian Continent, Cathaysian and Manchuride orogenic collages and TuvaMongol Fragment of eastern Altaids. Limited Late Permian water exchange between Palaeo-Tethys and Panthalassa and Neo-Tethyan rifts, starting anoxia in Palaeo-Tethys) Sengor, A.M.C., D. Altiner, A. Clin, T. Ustaosmer & K.J. Hsu (1988)- Origin and assembly of the Tethyside orogenic collage at the expense of Gondwana Land. In: M.G. Audley-Charles & A. Hallam (eds.) Gondwana and Tethys, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 37, p. 119-181. (Plate history of mainly mainland S Asia) Sengor, A.M.C., S. Atayman & R. Presnell (2008)- Paleo-Tethys, Permian extinction, and stratabound coppersulfide deposits of the Cimmerides. In: J.E. Spencer & S.R. Titley (eds.) Ores and orogenesis: Circum-Pacific tectonics, geologic evolution and ore deposits, Arizona Geol. Soc. Digest 22, p. 19-30. Sengor, A.M.C.& K.J. Hsu (1984)- The Cimmerides of Eastern Asia: history of the eastern end of PalaeoTethys. Mem. Soc. Geol. France 17, p. 139-167. Sengor, A.M.C. & B.A. Natalin (1996)- Palaeotectonics of Asia, fragments of a synthesis. In: A. Yin & T.M. Harrison (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Asia. Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 486-640. Setchell, W.A. (1930)- The Wallace and Weber lines: a suggestion as to climate boundaries. Proc. 4th Pacific Science Congr., Java 1929, III, p. 311-321. Seton, M. & R.D. Muller (2008)- Reconstructing the junction between Panthalassa and Tethys since the Early Cretaceous. In: Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium III, Sydney 2008, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia (PESA), p. 263-266. (Series of reconstructions of now mostly vanished oceanic plates between Australia and Eurasia since 140 Ma) Shahabpour, J. (2009)- Analagous tectonic evolution of the Tethyan and SE Asian regions. Iranian J. Science Techn., Trans. A,33, A1, p. 57-64. (Similar tectonic histories in W Tethys and SE Asia of microcontinents rifting off Gondwana in DevonianPermian and collisions with Eurasia in Late Triassic, etc., ) Shen, S., S. Dongli & G.R. Shi (2003)- A biogeographically mixed late Guadalupian (late Middle Permian) brachiopod fauna from an exotic limestone block at Xiukang in Lhaze county, Tibet. J. Asian Earth Sci. 21, p. 1125-1137.


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(Km-size late M Permian limestone blocks in Indus-Tsangbo suture, Tibet, may be from carbonate build-up or seamount on oceanic crust. Fauna transitional between warm-water Cathaysian and cold- temperate Gondwanan faunas. Timorites ammonoid present, largely cool bi-temperate genus, occurrencing in W Timor, Japan, Tibet, Iran and W Texas. W Timor assigned to transitional Cathaysian- Gondwanan Cimmerian realm in M Permian (Shi and Archbold, 1995)) Shen, S.Z. & G.R. Shi (2000)- Wuchiapingian (early Lopingian, Permian) global brachiopod palaeobiogeography: a quantitative approach. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 162, 3-4, p. 299-318. (Late Permian brachiopods five marine biotic province: Cathaysian (tropical ), W Tethyan (tropical), Himalayan (warm temperate), Austrazean (cold temperate) and Greenland–Svalbard (cold temperate). Also Cimmerian biogeographical region from Middle East through Afghanistan and Himalayas SE to Shan-Thai terrane and Timor, typified by mix of genera of both Cathaysian and Gondwanan affinities) Shen, S.Z. & G.R. Shi (2004)- Capitanian (Late Guadalupian, Permian) global brachiopod palaeobiogeography and latitudinal diversity pattern. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 208, p. 235- 262. (Three paleogeographic realms based on Permian brachiopods, Paleoequatorial, Gondwanan, Boreal. West Timor assemblages grouped with Tibet and Pakistan Salt range in Himalayan Province of Gondwanan Realm) Shen, S.Z., G.R. Shi & N.W. Archbold (2003)- A Wuchiapingian (Late Permian) brachiopod fauna from an exotic block in the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone, southern Tibet, and its palaeobiogeographical and tectonic implications. Palaeontology 56, 2, p. 225-256. (online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-4983.00296/pdf) (Late Permian (Wuchiapingian) brachiopod fauna from exotic limestone block in Indus-Tsangpo suture zone in S Tibet. Comparable with faunas in Salt Range of Pakistan, Chitichun Lst in S Tibet and Basleo area of W Timor (incl. 'antitropical' peri-Gondwanan species Stenoscisma purdoni and S timorense, etc.). Fauna mixed periGondwanan and Cathaysian character, possibly seamount biota originally from S margin of Neotethys in Late Permian, displaced and sandwiched into younger marine deposits in Cenozoic India- Eurasia collision) Shen, S.Z., G.R. Shi & Z.J. Fang (2002)- Permian brachiopods from the Baoshan and Simao Blocks in Western Yunnan, China. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 6, p. 665-682. (Four Permian brachiopod assemblages from W Yunnan, SW China. Faunas from Baoshan Block dominated by species characteristic of Cathaysian Province with some links with Peri-Gondwanan faunas. Simao Block characterised exclusively by taxa of Cathaysian Province) Sheng, J.Z. & Y.G. Jin (1994)- Correlation of Permian deposits in China. Palaeoworld 4, p. 14-113. Shi, G.R. (1998)- Aspects of Permian marine biogeography: a review on nomenclature and evolutionary patterns, with particular reference to the Asian- Western Pacific region. In: Jin. et al. (eds.) Permian stratigraphy, environments and resources 2, Palaeoworld 9, p. 97-112. Shi, G.R. & N.W. Archbold (1995)- Palaeobiogeography of Kazanian-Midian (Late Permian) western Pacific brachiopod faunas. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, p. 129-141. (W Timor transitional Cimmerian province between Cathaysian and Gondwanan Realms in M Permian) Shi, G.R. & N.W. Archbold (1995)- Permian brachiopod faunal sequences of the Shan-Thai terrane: biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeographical affinities and plate tectonic/palaeoclimatic implications. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, p. 177-187. Shi, G.R. & N.W. Archbold (1995)- A quantitative analysis on the distribution of Baigendzhian- Early Kungurian (Early Permian) brachiopod faunas in the western Pacific region. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, 3, p. 189-205. (Early Permian brachiopods suggest two provinces Himalayan/ Lhasa/ Timor (S-temperate) and Shan-Tai/ Sumatra/ W Irian Jaya (S-subtropical), suggesting Timor (Maubisse) was southern extension of Lhasa terrane)


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Shi, G.R. & N.W. Archbold (1998)- Permian marine biogeography of SE Asia. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 57-72. (Three main Permian biotic provinces in SE Asia: Cathaysian (Simao, Indo-China, E Malaya), Sibumasu (Shan-Tai, Tengchong, Baoshan, W Malaysia, NE Sumatra; until Late Midian when joined Cathaysian province) and short-lived Sakmarian-Asselian Indoralian province) Shi, G.R., N.W. Archbold & M. Grover (eds.) (1998)- Strzelecki International Symposium on Permian of Eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 110, 1-2, 480p. Shi, G.R., N.W. Archbold & L.P. Zhan (1995)- Distribution and characteristics of mixed (transitional) midPermian (Late Artinskian-Ufimian) marine faunas in Asia and their palaeogeographical implications. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimat., Palaeoecol. 114, p. 241-271. (Asia Permian marine biogeography 3 realms: Boreal, Tethyan and Gondwanan. In early E Permian sharp biogeographical boundaries, due to Gondwanan glaciation. In M Permian two transition zones with mixed faunas: (1) North (N China, Japan, etc.), with warm Cathaysian and temperate Boreal genera, (2) South (Arabia, Iran, Shan-Tai, Timor, W Irian Jaya, etc.) with both Gondwanan and Cathaysian elements. Both transition zones have antitropically distributed genera like Monodiexodina, Lytvolasma and Spiriferella and are succeeded by Late Permian tropical Tethyan faunas) Shi, G.R., Z.J. Fang, N.W. Archbold (1996)- An Early Permian brachiopod fauna of Gondwana affinity from the Baoshan block, westernYunnan, China. Alcheringa 20, 81-101. (E Permian brachiopod fauna from upper Dingjiazhai Fm, 30 km S of Baoshan, W Yunnan, dominated by Stenoscisma sp. and Elivina yunnanensis sp. nov. Strong generic and some specific links with faunas from Bisnain assemblage of Timor and Callytharra Fm of W Australia . Late Sakmarian age suggested) Shi, G.R. & T.A. Grunt (2000)- Permian Gondwana-Boreal antitropicality with special reference to brachiopod faunas. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 155, p. 239-263. (Permian marine antitropicality (genera from Boreal and Gondwanan Realms but absent in Palaeoequatorial Realm) reported from most marine pelagic or benthic invertebrate groups, suggesting biotic interchanges between Gondwanan and Boreal Realms. Possible migration pathways and mechanisms reviewed: ‘steppingstone' migration via islands in E Palaeotethys, migration along W coast of Palaeotethys, etc.) Shi, G.H., N. Jiang, Y. Liu, X. Wang, Z.Y. Zhang & Y.J. Xu (2009)- Zircon Hf isotope signature of the depleted mantle in the Myanmar jadeitite: implications for Mesozoic intra-oceanic subduction between the Eastern Indian Plate and the Burmese Platelet. Lithos 112, p. 342-350 (Lu-Hf isotope signatures of zircons in jadeitite from N Myanmar. Indo-Burma Range interpreted as Eastern subduction zone where oceanic crust of Indian plate was overridden by Burmese platelet. Jadeite formed in serpentinite, marking a subduction zone. Three zircon groups: ~163, 146 and 122 Ma. Zircon in jadeitite can be used to constrain age of serpentinization/rodingitization, and age of formation of ultramafic rock within ophiolites. Results suggest presence of Mesozoic intra-oceanic subduction in Indo-Burman Range) Shi, G.R. & S.Z. Shen (2001)- A biogeographically mixed, middle Permian brachiopod fauna from the Baoshan Block, Western Yunnan, China. Palaeontology 44, p. 237-258. Shi, G.R. & J.B. Waterhouse (1990)- Sakmarian (Early Permian) brachiopod biogeography and constraints on the timing of terane rifting, drift and amalgamation in SE Asia, with reference to the nature of Permian ‘Tethys’. Pacific Rim 90 Congress, p. 271-276. Shi, G.R., J.B. Waterhouse & S. McLoughlin (2010)- The Lopingian of Australasia: a review of biostratigraphy, correlations, palaeogeography and palaeobiogeography. Geological J. 45, 2-3, p. 230-263. (Distribution of Lopingian (Late Permian) strata and biota in Australia, New Zealand, Timor and New Caledonia, with new paleogeographic reconstruction. In New Zealand Lopingian beds in several terranes, mainly representing displaced segments of volcanic arcs, fore-arc basins and accretionary complexes, originally located near NE Australia on convergent margin. Most non-marine successions in E Australia rich in


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coal. Marine Lopingian of W Australia and Timor dominated by carbonates with sparse siliciclastic sediments and volcanoclastics, accumulated in large basin on passive and rifted continental margin, sharing many shallow-marine invertebrate species with Himalayan region of Nepal, S Tibet and N India) Shu, L., M. Faure, B. Wang, X. Zhou & B. Song (2008)- Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic geological features of South China: response to the Indosinian collision events in Southeast Asia. Comptes Rendus Geosc. 340, p. 151-165. (Late Permian- E Triassic collision of S China- Indosinian blocks along Song Ma-Menglian suture closed Paleo-Tethys Ocean, caused folding and thrusting and granitic magmatism in S China Block (SCB). E and C parts of SCB SW-dipping paleoslope in Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic. Ophiolitic mélanges of E SCB formed in Neoproterozoic, not Permian or Triassic (Neoproterozoic oceanic relics with Proterozoic acritarchs). M-U Triassic granitoids (235-205 Ma) belong to post-collision peraluminous S-type granites) Sibuet, J.C. & S.K. Hsu (2004)- How was Taiwan created? Tectonophysics 379, p. 159-181. Silberling, N.J. (1985)- Biogeographic significance of the Upper Triassic bivalve Monotis in Circum-Pacific accreted terranes. In: D.G. Howell (ed.) Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Circum-Pacific region, Circum Pacific Council Energy & Mineral Resources, Houston, p. 63-70. (Five biogeogeographic areas in Circum-Pacific region, based on Late Triassic thin-shelled bivalve Monotis. In SE Asia: Fauna C (Monotis subcircularis + Eomonotis + Entomonotis ochotica) in E Asia, Japan, W Borneo; Fauna E (Monotis salinaria) in Tethyan rocks of Alpine- Himalayan belt and Banda Sea region) Silver, E.A. & R.B. Smith (1983)- Comparison of terrane accretion in modern Southeast Asia and the Mesozoic North American Cordillera. Geology 11, p. 198-202. (Indo-Pacific region from Tonga Trench to E Indonesia proposed as analog with the tectonic setting of North American Cordillera, which is also composed of numerous suspect terranes) Simpson, G.G. (1977)- Too many lines; the limits of the Oriental and Australian zoogeographic regions. Proc. American Philosoph. Soc. 121, p. 107-120. Socquet, A. & M. Pubellier (2005)- Cenozoic deformation in western Yunnan (China-Myanmar border). J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, p. 495-515. (On Tertiary clockwise rotation of crustal blocks of E Himalayas around NE edge of India) Socquet, A., C. Vigny, N. Chamot-Rooke, W. Simons, C. Rangin & B. Ambrosius (2006)- India and Sunda plates motion and deformation along their boundary in Myanmar determined by GPS. J. Geophys. Res. 111, B05406, 11p. Sone, M. & I. Metcalfe (2008)- Parallel Tethyan sutures in mainland Southeast Asia: new insights for PalaeoTethys closure and implications for the Indosinian orogeny. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., R. Geoscience 340, p. 166-179. (Two parallel tectonic sutures in Yunnan-Thailand region: M Triassic closure of Devonian-Triassic PalaeoTethys (collision of Sibumasu) and Late Permian collapse of Permian back-arc basin. Sukhothai Zone no longer part of Sibumasu Terrane, but core part of Permian island-arc on W margin of Indochina Terrane) Sone, M. & I. Metcalfe (2010)- Stratigraphic correlation between the Sukhothai Island Arc in Thailand and the East Malaya Terrane in Peninsular Malaysia. In: Proc. 6th Symp. Int. Geol. Correl. Progr. Project 516, Geological Anatomy of East and South Asia, Kuala Lumpur, p. 55. (Abstract only) (Permo-Triassic Sukhotai island arc system, situated between Indochina and Sibumasu continental terranes, extends S into East Malaya Terrane, with similar granitoids and Carboniferous- Triassic marine sediments. At W side Paleo-Tethys/ Raub-Bentong suture, at E side a short-lived Permian back-arc basin. Late Permian marine shales with Cathysian lyttonid brachiopods succeeded by latest Permian limestones)


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Sone, M., I. Metcalfe & M.S. Leman (2003)- Palaeobiogeographic implications of Middle Permian brachiopods from Johore (Peninsular Malaysia). Geol. Mag. 140, 5, p. 523-538. (M Permian brachiopods from E Malaya Terrane warm-water Tethyan assemblages, lacking diagnostic Cathaysian taxa, but with minor Sibumasu elements, suggesting faunal exchange with Sibumasu. Sibumasu, Timor (Bitauni) and W Irian Jaya dominantly Gondwanan affinity and cooler, higher latitude than E Malaya) Srivastava, A.K. & D. Agnihotri (2010)- Dilemma of Late Palaeozoic mixed floras in Gondwana. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 298, p. 54-69. (Carboniferous and Permian plant assemblages of N and S hemispheres distributed in four floral provinces. Mixed M and U Permian Cathaysian- Gondwanan floras from margins of Paleo-Tethys, i.e. New Guinea, Tibet, Oman, etc. No clear explanation) Stait, B. & C. Burrett (1987)- Biogeography of Australian and Southeast Asian Ordovician nautiloids. In: G.D. McKenzie (ed.) Gondwana Six: stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleontology, Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 41, p. 21-28. (E Ordovician faunas of SE Asia Sibumasu plate similar to those of Canning Basin, NW Australia) Stampfli, G.M. (2000)- Tethyan Oceans. In: E. Bozkurt et al. (eds.) Tectonics and magmatism in Turkey and the surrounding area, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 173, p. 1-23. (Ordovician- Permian plate reconstructions of early Tethyan oceans (focused on W Tethys). Palaeotethys opened in Ordovician-Silurian, with detachment of ribbon-like Hun Superterrane along Gondwana margin. Neotethys opened from Late Carboniferous- late E Permian from Australia- E Mediterranean, with drifting of Cimmerian superterrane and final closing of Palaeotethys in M Triassic. N-ward subduction of Palaeotethys triggered opening of back-arc oceans along Eurasian margin. Some closed during Eocimmerian collisional event, others stayed open and their delayed subduction induced opening of younger back-arc oceans (Black Sea, etc). Subduction of Neotethys mid-ocean ridge responsible for major change in Jurassic plate tectonics) Stampfli, G.M. & G.D. Borel (2002)- A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 196, p. 17-33. (Ordovician- Cretaceous reconstructions of greater Tethyan realm) Stauffer, P.H. (1974)- Malaya and Southeast Asia in the pattern of continental drift. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 7, p. 89-138. Stauffer, P.H. (1983)- Unravelling the mosaic of Paleozoic crustal blocks in Southeast Asia. Geol. Rundsch. 72, 3, p. 1061-1080. (Many parts of SE Asia have Paleozoic or older continental crust. Ophiolite belts indicate mosaic of different blocks. If Permian pebbly mudstones are glacial deposits much of SE Asia was attached to Gondwana and rifting-separation took place after Permian) Stauffer, P.H. (1985)- Continental terranes in Southeast Asia: pieces of which puzzle ? In: D.G. Howell (ed.) Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Circum-Pacific region, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Min. Res., Houston, Earth Sci. Ser. 1, p. 529-539. (Continental crust under much of pre-Tertiary core of SE Asia. Late Paleozoic glacial marine deposits in W SE Asia indicate attachment to Gondwana in Permian) Stauffer, P.H. & D.J. Gobbett (1971)- Southeast Asia a Part of Gondwanaland? Nature 240, p. 139-140 . (Critical discussion of Ridd (1971) and Tarling (1972) reconstructions) Stauffer, P.H. & C.P. Lee (1986)- Late Paleozoic glacial marine facies in Southeast Asia and its implications. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 363-397. (Carbo-Permian glacial-marine pebbly mudstones in S. Thailand, Langkawi islands (Singa Fm) and other areas form 2000 km long belt from Sumatra to C Burma. This suggests Wh side of Western SE Asia was


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attached to Gondwanaland in Carbo-Permian, while warm-climate Permian floras on other blocks suggest separate drift histories) Stauffer, P.H. & C.P. Lee (1987)- The Upper Palaeozoic pebbly mudstone facies of peninsular Thailand and western Malaysia- continental margin deposits of Palaeoeurasia- Discussion. Geol. Rundschau 76, p. 945-948. (Discussion of Altermann (1986) paper) Stauffer, P.H. & N. Mantajit (1981)- Late Palaeozoic tilloids of Malaysia, Thailand and Burma. In: M.J. Hambrey & W.B. Harland (eds.) Earth’s Pre-Pleistocene glacial records. Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 331-335. Stevens, C.H. (1985)- Reconstruction of Permian paleogeography based on distribution of Tethyan faunal elements. C.R. 9th Congr. Int. Stratigr. Carbonifere, 5, p. 383-393. Stevens, G.R. (1964)- Faunal realms in Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites. Geol. Mag. 100, 6, p. 481-497. (Three faunal realms recognized for Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites. Boreal and Tethyan realms for Jurassic ammonites, but no equivalent for the Pacific. They apparently are divided, partly in the Boreal and partly in the Indo-Pacific. Boundary betweene Boreal and Tethyan realms was distinct and stable, boundary between Tethyan and Indo-Pacific realms varied considerably in Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous) Stevens, G.R. (1977)- Mesozoic biogeography of the South-West Pacific and its relationship to plate tectonics. In: Int. Symposium Geodynamics in South-West Pacific, Noumea 1976, Technip, Paris, p. 309-326. Stevens, G.R. (1980)- Southwest Pacific faunal palaeobiogeography in Mesozoic and Cenozoic times: a review. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 31, p. 153-196. Stokes, R.B., P.F. Lovatt Smith & K. Soumphonphakdy (1996)- Timing of the Shan-Thai-Indochina collision: new evidence from the Pak Lay Foldbelt of the Lao PDR. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. .106, p. 225-232. (Pak Lay Foldbelt in NW Lao is product of Indosinian orogeny (collision of Shan-Thai and Indochina along Nan-Uttaradit ophiolite suture). Current hypotheses place timing of collision in Permian or Triassic, but in area S of Pak Lay M-U Jurassic sediments in imbricated wedge and unconformably overlain by Cretaceous Khorat Group, suggesting Late Jurassic Shan-Thai-Indochina suturing) Talent, J.A. (1984)- Australian biogeography past and present: determinants and implications. In: J.J.Veevers (ed.) Phanerozoic Earth History of Australia, Oxford Mon. Geol. Geoph. 2, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 57-93. (In Permian most of Australia in cold Gondwana realm (Glossopteris flora), but N edge intruded into warm Tethyan realm (Bonaparte Gulf, Timor, New Guinea; temporary extension of Cathaysian Gigantopteris flora into W New Guinea. Late Triassic mollusk fauna of Jimi River/PNG no species in common with contemporaneous faunas from Misool, Seram, Timor, suggesting some paleobiogeographic boundary between these, although all are supposedly in warm-water Tethyan realm) Talent, J.A., R. Manson, J.C. Aitchison, R.T. Becker et al. (2000)- Devonian palaeobiogeography of Australia and adjoining regions. Mem. Assoc. Austral. Palaeont. 23, p. 167-257. Tan, B.C., (1998)- Noteworthy disjunctive patterns of Malesian mosses. Biogeogr. and geologic evolution of SE Asia, p. 235-241. Tan, B.K. (1996)- ‘Suture zones’ in peninsular Malaysia and Thailand: implications for palaeotectonic reconstruction of southeast Asia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 13, p. 243-249. Tan, D.N.K. (1983)- Cherts of Southeast Asia. In: A. Iijima et al. (eds.) Siliceous deposits in the Pacific Region, Devel. in Sedimentology 36, Elsevier, p. 79-91. (Lower Paleozoic chert confined to peninsular Thailand and NW and C Peninsular Malaysia. Upper Paleozoic chert in Thailand, Indochina, and Peninsular Malaysia, with isolated occurrence in W Sarawak. Triassic chert in N Thailand, N Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Sarawak, and N Palawan. Jurassic-Cretaceous


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chert in Indonesia, Sarawak, Sabah and Philippines, but not Thailand, Indochina, and Peninsular Malaysia. Tertiary age chert or older blocks in Tertiary melange in Indonesia, Philippines, and Sarawak and Sabah) Tapponnier, P., G. Peltzer, A.Y. Le Dain et al. (1982)- Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: new insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology 10, p. 611-616. Tarling D.H. (1988)- Gondwanaland and the evolution of the Indian Ocean. In: M.G. Audley-Charles & A. Hallam (eds.) Gondwana and Tethys, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 37, p. 61-77. Teichert, C. (1940)- Marine Jurassic of East Indian affinities at Broome, Northwestern Australia. J. Roy. Soc. West. Australia 26, p. 103-118. Teichert, C. (1951)- The marine Permian faunas of Western Australia. Palaont. Zeitschr. 24, 1-2, p. 75-90. (W Australian Permian faunas more in common with Tethys than with E Australia. Timor faunas appear related, but significant differences. One record of fusilinid foraminifera in Desert Basin could not be relocated and is probably erroneous. Low diversity coral fauna, mainly indigenous with Australian species. Crinoid faunas related to Timor, but much impoverished) Teichert, C. (1974)- Marine sedimentary environments and their faunas in Gondwana area. In: Plate Tectonicsassessments and reassessments, AAPG Mem. 23, p. 361-394. (Widespread Paleozoic-Mesozoic marine rocks in W Australia, S Africa Antarctica, etc., inconsistent with hypothesis of Gondwanaland (?)) Than, T.D., H.F. Hou, T.H. Phuong et al. (1996)- Outlines of stratigraphy and remarks on paleobiography of Devonian in Southeast Asia. In: Proc. IGCP Symp. on geology of SE Asia, Hanoi 1995, J. of Geology, B, 1996, 7-8, p. 10-34. (Review of Devonian stratigraphies and macrofaunas of of S China, Indochina W Malaysia. Lower Devonian in most places marine clastics, M Devonian mainly carbonates. Devonian faunas of SE Asa greater similarities with Europe than with Australia, questioning common wisdom that this region was derived from Gondwana) Tingay, M., C.K.Morley, R.E. King, R.R. Hillis, R. Hall & D. Coblentz (2010)- The Southeast Asian stress map. Tectonophysics 482, p. 92-104. Tjia, H.D. (2008)- Tertiary stress regimes of western Southeast Asia. In: J.A. Katili et al. (eds.) Tectonics and resources of Central and SE Asia (Halbouty volume), Pusat Survei Geol., Bandung, Spec. Publ. 34, p. 125-138. (In W SE Asia pre-Middle Miocene mainly extensional regimes. Changes in plate dynamics towards end E Miocene terminated spreading of S China Sea and Philippines basins and allowed impact of W-directed Pacific convergence. After short transition in Langhian (16.3-14.2 Ma) start of compressional regimes) Tollman, A. & E. Kristan-Tollman (1985)- Paleogeography of the Tethys from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic. In: K. Nakazawa & J.M. Dickens (eds.) The Tethys, her paleogeography and paleobiology, from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic, Tokai Univ. Press, Japan, p. 20-199. Torsvik, T.H. & L.R.M. Cocks (2004)- Earth geography from 400 to 250 Ma: a palaeomagnetic, faunal and facies review. J. Geol. Soc., London 161, 4, p. 555-572. Torsvik, T.H. & L.R.M. Cocks (2009)- The Lower Palaeozoic palaeogeographical evolution of the northeastern and eastern peri-Gondwanan margin from Turkey to New Zealand. In: Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 325, p. 3-21. (Review of E Paleozoic of NE sector of Gondwanan and peri-Gondwanan margin from Turkey through Middle East, N Indian subcontinent, S China- SE Asia, to Australia and New Zealand. SE Australia enlarged through accretion of island arcs. Most of area represented passive margin. Palaeotethys opened no earlier than Late Silurian. N China and others probably not attached to Gondwana in Lower Palaeozoic. S China close to


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Gondwana, but not part of it, and Sibumasu probably part of Gondwana. New paleogeographical maps for Cambrian (500 Ma), Ordovician (480 Ma) and Silurian (425 Ma)) Tozer, E.T. (1982)- Marine Triassic faunas of North America: their significance for assessing plate and terrane movements. Geol. Rundschau 71, 8, p. 1077-1104. (Marine Triassic paleobiogeography. Norian ‘Tethyan/ low paleolatitude’ Monotis salinaria in Hallstatt facies of Timor, ‘Pacific/ mid-high paleolatitude’ Monotis ochotica in New Caledonia, New Zealand, etc.) Tran Van Tri (1994)- The geotectonic framework of Vietnam and adjacent areas. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 29th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Hanoi 1992, 2, p. 183-190. (Brief overview of Vietnam tectonics. Indochina foldbelt/ Mekong-Indosinian orogeny with folded Carboniferous- Triassic clastics, andesites and ultramafic bodies marks Late Triassic closure of SE branch of Paleo-Tethys and collision of Sino-Vietnamese (Cathaysia), Indosinian, Shan and W Borneo blocks) Truswell, E.M. (1981)- Pre-Cenozoic palynology and continental movements. In: M.W. McElhinny & D.A. Valencio (eds.) Paleoreconstruction of the continents, Amer. Geoph. Union Geodyn. Ser. 2, p. 13-25. Truswell, E.M., P.A. Kershaw & I.R. Sluiter (1987)- The Australian-Malaysian connection: evidence from the paleobotanical record. In: T.C. Whitmore (ed.) Biogeographical evolution of the Malay Archipelago, Oxford Monographs Biogeography 4, Oxford Univ. Press, p. 32-49. Ueno, K. (1999)- Gondwana/Tethys divide in East Asia: solution from Late Paleozoic foraminiferal paleobiogeography. In: B. Ratanasthien & S.L. Rieb (eds.) Proc. Int. Symposium on Shallow Tethys 5, Chiang Mai 1999, Dept. Geol. Science, Chiang Mai University, p. 45-54. Ueno, K. (2000)- Permian fusulinacean faunas of the Sibumasu and Baoshan Blocks: implications for the paleogeographic reconstruction of the Cimmerian continent. Geosciences J. 4 (Spec. Ed.), p. 160-163. (Expanded version see below) Ueno, K. (2003)- The Permian fusulinoidean faunas of the Sibumasu and Baoshan blocks: their implications for the paleogeographic and paleoclimatologic reconstruction of the Cimmerian Continent. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 193, p. 1-24. (Permian fusulinids in four levels in Baoshan and Sibumasu Blocks. East Cimmerian continent poor Tethyan neoschwagerinid and verbeekinid genera in M Permian. Increase in diversity from Early to late M Permian (Nward drift of Cimmerian continent) and from E to W (W Cimmerian closer to tropical Tethyan domain than E). M Permian Cimmerian two subregions: W= Tethyan Cimmerian and E= Gondwanan Cimmerian. Rare Tethyan fusulinids in Baoshan and Sibumasu blocks suggests E Cimmerian continent still far from Cathaysian domain and in warm temperate- subtropical zone until end-Permian. E Cimmerian migrated into tropical zone by Late Triassic with Carnian sponge-coral buildups in Sibumasu Block) Ueno, K. (2006)- The Permian antitropical fusulinoidean genus Monodiexodina: distribution, taxonomy, paleobiogeography and paleoecology. J. Asian Earth Sci. 26, p. 380-404. (Review of Permian fusulinid genus Monodiexodina from 33 areas, incl. Timor (type species M. wanneri). Monodiexodina-bearing areas can be restored to either N or S middle latitudes, suggesting genus is paleobiogeographically anti-tropical taxon. Generally found in monotypic, crowded manner in sandy sediments with uni-directionally aligned shells. Long-ranging 'mid-Permian', Artinskian- E Midian (=Capitanian)) Ueno, K., T. Charoentitirat, Y. Sera, A. Miyahigashi, J. Suwanprasert et al. (2008)- The Doi Chiang Dao Limestone: Paleo-Tethyan Mid-oceanic carbonates in the Inthanon Zone of North Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), Bangkok 2008, p. 42-48. (online at: http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/008.pdf) (Doi Chiang Dao Lst in N Thailand 90 Myr continuous Carboniferous-Permian (possibly incl. early E Triassic) succession of mid-oceanic shallow marine carbonates, >1000m thick, formed on seamount basalt base in


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Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Comparable in origin with carbonate bodies in Central zone of Changning-Menglian Belt of SW China and well-studied Panthalassan seamount carbonates in accretionary complexes in the Japan) Ueno, K. & K. Hisada (1999)- Closure of Paleo-Tethys caused by the collision of Indochina and Sibumasu. Chikyu Monthly 21, p. 832-839 (in Japanese) Ueno, K. & K. Hisada (2001)- The Nan-Uttaradit-Sa Kaeo Suture as a main Paleo-Tethyan suture in Thailand: is it real? Gondwana Res. 4, p. 804-806. Ueno, K., A. Miyahigashi & T. Charoentitirat (2010)- The Lopingian (Late Permian) of mid-oceanic carbonates in the Eastern Palaeotethys: stratigraphical outline and foraminiferal faunal succession. Geological J. 45, 2-3, p. 285-307. (SW China Changning-Menglian Belt and N Thailand Inthanon Zone best-studied Palaeotethys collisional belts in Asia. Thick E Carboniferous- Late Permian carbonate build-ups with basalt at base formed on top of oceanic seamounts. Foraminiferal faunas record shallow-marine domain in Palaeotethys (Cathaysian Province) with high diversity fusulinids. Coeval Neotethyan domain also high diversity fusulinids. Lopingian Panthalassan mid-oceanic build-ups likely lower foraminiferal diversity than Palaeo- and Neotethys) Ueno, K., Y. Mizuno, X. Wang & S. Mei (2003)- Artinskian conodonts from the Dingjiazhai Formation of the Baoshan Block, West Yunnan, Southwest China. J. Paleont. 76, p. 741-750. (Permian conodonts from Dingjiazhai Fm, a diamictite-bearing unit in Gondwana-derived Baoshan Block. Conodont fauna in limestones in upper part of formation and consists of Sweetognathus spp. Mesogondolella, etc., dated as M Artinskian. Dingjiazhai Fm overlain by basaltic volcanics related to rift volcanism during separation of Baoshan Block from Gondwanaland. Faunas including brachiopods and fusulinoideans from limestones interpreted as middle latitudinal, non-tropical, and Gondwana-influenced assemblage developed at N margin of Gondwanaland just after deglaciation) Ueno, K. & S. Tsutsumi (2009)- Lopingian (Late Permian) foraminiferal faunal succession of a Paleo-Tethyan mid-oceanic carbonate buildup: Shifodong Formation in the Changning-Menglian Belt, West Yunnan, SW China. Island Arc 18, 1, p. 69-93. (Late Permian foraminiferal succession in Changning-Menglian Belt, the closed remnants of Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Shifodong Fm is uppermost unit in thick Carboniferous-Permian carbonate section on oceanic seamount basalts. Sixteen fusuline taxa, 3 zones: Codonofusiella cf. kwangsiana, Palaeofusulina minima and Palaeofusulina sinensis Zones. Foram fauna in Paleo-Tethyan shallow-marine environment high faunal diversity, comparable to circum-Tethyan shelves like S China, and more diversified than coeval mid-oceanic Panthalassan faunas like Kamura Lst in Jurassic accretionary complex of SW Japan) Ueno, K., Y. Wang & X. Wang (2003)- Fusulinoidean faunal succession of a Paleo-Tethyan oceanic seamount in the Changning-Menglian Belt, West Yunnan, Southwest China: an overview. Island Arc 12, 2, p. 145-161. (Fusulinids from Paleo-Tethyan seamount-type carbonates of Changning-Menglian Belt, SW China, which is main Paleo-Tethys suture in E Asia. Basalts and overlying carbonates, ~1100 m thick with 17 late E Carboniferous- M Permian fusulinid zones. Tropical Tethyan-type succession, although diversity lower than those of Paleo-Tethyan shelves, such as S China, Indochina, and C Asia) Uhlig, V. (1911)- Die marinen Reiche des Jura und der Unterkreide. Mitt. Geol. Ges. Wien, 4, 3, p. 389-448. (online at: http://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/oegg/GG_004_329_448.pdf) ('The marine realms of the Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous'. Early discussion of global Jurassic- Cretaceous faunal provinces. Includes review of Indonesian macrofossils known at that time, all classified in 'Himalayan Province') Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1929)- Tertiary sea connections between Europe and the Indo-Pacific area. Proc. 4th PanPacific Sci. Congr., Java 1929, 2A, p. 91-104. Unesco (1972)- Geological map of Asia and the Far East 1:5M; explanatory note, 2nd ed. Unesco, Paris, 100 p.


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Van Balgooy, M.M.J. (1987)- A plant geographic analysis of Sulawesi. In: T.C. Whitmore (ed.) Biogeographical evolution of the Malay Archipelago, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 94-102. Van der Meer, D.G., W. Spakman, D.J.J. van Hinsbergen, M.L. Amaru & T.H. Torsvik (2010)- Towards absolute plate motions constrained by lower-mantle slab remnants. Nature Geosc. 3, p. 36-40. (Global mantle tomography model used to estimate longitude of past oceanic subduction zones. Identified 28 remnants of oceanic plates subducted into lower mantle and link these to mountain building zones from which they likely originated. Assuming remnants sank vertically through mantle, we reconstruct longitude at which they were subducted. No oceanic plate remnants from Carboniferous period (~300-360 Ma)) Van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., P. Kapp, G. Dupont-Nivet, P.C. Lippert, P. G. DeCelles & T.H. Torsvik (2011)Restoration of Cenozoic deformation in Asia and the size of Greater India. Tectonics 30, TC5003, 31p. (Restoration of Cenozoic Asian deformation shows 600-750 km of N-S shortening across, and N of Tibetan Plateau. Pamir-Hindu Kush region accommodated ~1050 km of N-S convergence. About 250 km of extrusion of Indochina from 30- 20 Ma reconciled by dextral transpression in E Tibet. Size of Greater India 2-3 times larger than Himalayan shortening. Most of Greater India consumed by subduction or underthrusting) Van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., B. Steinberger, P.V. Doubrovine & R. Gassmoller (2011)- Acceleration and deceleration of India-Asia convergence since the Cretaceous: roles of mantle plumes and continental collision. J. Geoph. Res. 116, B06101, p. 1-20. (Strong decrease in India-Asia convergence at 50-35 Ma generally ascribed to continent-continent collision. Convergence rate increases between ~65-50 Ma and at ~90 Ma, both after arrival of mantle plume below and emplacement of large igneous province on Indian plate) Van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., P.C. Lippert, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Nadine McQuarrie, Pavel V. Doubrovine, Wim Spakman & T.H. Torsvik (2012)- Greater India Basin hypothesis and a two-stage Cenozoic collision between India and Asia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, p. (in press) (India-Asia plates converged up to 3,600 km since 52Ma, but crustal shortening documented from geological record of Asia- Himalaya is 2,350km less. Discrepancy explained by subduction of highly extended continental and oceanic Indian lithosphere within Himalaya between ~50- 25 Ma: “India”-Asia collision at 50 Ma was collision of Tibetan-Himalayan microcontinent with Asia, followed by subduction of largely oceanic Greater India Basin. “Hard” India-Asia collision with thicker and contiguous Indian continental lithosphere occurred at ~25-20 Ma. Two-stage collision also reflected in deep mantle seismic tomography) Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1978)- Plant-geography of East Malesia. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 79, p. 97-178. Van Waterschoot Van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. (1928)- The problem of continental drift. In: Proc. Symposium Theory of continental drift; a symposium on the origin and movement of land masses, both inter-continental and intra-continental, as proposed by Alfred Wegener, New York 1926, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., p. 1-75. (Overview of merits of the then still controversial theory of continental drift. On p. 57 points out that Dutch geologists working in 'East Indies' (Molengraaf, Brouwer, Wing Easton) all supportive of Wegener's hypothesis, because New Guinea obviously rapidly drifted to North and very rapid active uplift and subsidence can be observed in E Indonesia) Van Welzen, P.C., J.W.F. Slik & J. Alahuhta (2005)- Plant distribution patterns and plate tectonics in Malesia. Biol. Skr. 55, p. 199-217. (Philippines, Borneo, and especially New Guinea comprise significantly more than average endemic plants. Three major distribution patterns in Malesia: Indian-Malesian, Circum-Pacific and Wallacea, the transition zone between Sunda and Sahul floras) Veevers, J.J. (ed.) (2000)- Billion-year earth history of Australia and neighbours in Gondwanaland. GEMOC Press, Sydney, 388 p.


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Veevers, J.J. (2004)- Gondwanaland from 650-500 Ma assembly through 320 Ma merger in Pangea to 185-100 Ma breakup: supercontinental tectonics via stratigraphy and radiometric dating. Earth Sci. Rev. 68, p. 1-132. Veevers, J.J. & C.M. Powell (eds.) (1994)- Permian-Triassic Pangean basins and foldbelts along the Panthalassan margin of Gondwanaland. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 184, 368 p. Veevers, J.J. & R.C. Tewari (1995)- Permian-Carboniferous and Permian-Triassic magmatism in the rift zone bordering the Tethyan margin of southern Pangea. Geology 23, p. 467-470. (Magma was emplaced in India-Australia rift zone along Tethyan margin in Permian-Carboniferous and Permian-Triassic times) Veevers, J.J. & R.C. Tewari (1995)- Gondwana master basin of Peninsular India between Tethys and the interior of the Gondwanaland Province of Pangea Geol. Soc. America Mem. 187, p. 1-73. Von Hillebrandt, A., G.E.G. Westermann, J.H. Callomon & R.L. Detterman (1992)- Ammonites of the CircumPacific region. In: G.E.G. Westermann (ed.) The Jurassic of the Circum-Pacific, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, p. 342-359. Vozenin-Serra, C. (1984)- Etat de nos connaissances sur les flores du Paleozoique superieur et du Mesozoique du Sud-Est Asiatique. Interpretations paleogeographiques. Mem. Soc. Geol. France 147, p. 169-181. ('Status of our knowledge of the Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic floras of SE Asia and paleogeographic interpretations') Wallace, A.R. (1869)- The Malay Archipelago. MacMillan & Co, UK, 525p. (several reprint editions) (Classic work of natural history/ faunal provincess of Indonesia; not much geology) Wang, W., Q.M. Qu & M. Zhu (2010)- A brief review of the Middle Palaeozoic vertebrates from Southeast Asia. Palaeoworld 19, p. 27-36. (On Silurian-Devonian fish remains from Shan-Thai, Indochina and S China blocks and their biogeographic affinities. Fossils sugest proximity between S China and Indochina terranes in M Palaeozoic and close relationship between Shan-Thai and E Gondwana (Australia) in M Devonian) Wang, X., I. Metcalfe, P. Jian, L. He & C. Wang (2000)- The Jinshajiang- Ailaoshan suture zone: tectonostratigraphy, age and evolution. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, p. 675-690. (On M Triassic age for J-A suture, formed by collision of Changdu-Simao Block with S China) Wang, X.D., G.R. Shi & T. Sugiyama (2002)- Permian of West Yunnan, Southwest China: a biostratigraphic synthesis. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 647-656. (Permian in Changning-Menglian Belt different stratigraphic successions/ tectonic settings ranging from passive margin, active margin, to oceanic basin and seamounts. Permo-Carboniferous carbonate faunas typical Cathaysian (common fusulinaceans, compound rugose corals). Permian of Tenchong and Baoshan blocks very different. Baoshan Block Lw Permian mainly siliciclastic with cool-water faunas and possibly glaciogene diamictites, overlain by basalts and volcaniclastics of probable rift origin, U Permian carbonates with mixed Cathaysian- Gondwanan faunas. Tengchong Block similar to Baoshan, but lacks volcanics) Wang, X.D. & T. Sugiyama (2002)- Permian coral faunas of the eastern Cimmerian continent and their biogeographical implications. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 589-597. (Early Permian corals of E Cimmerian continent (= Sibumasu) of Peri-Gondwanan affinity with small solitary forms; different from Cathaysian area, where abundant large solitary and compound corals occur. In M Permian endemic Cimmerian- Cathaysian fauna of large solitary and massive Waagenophyllidae, with Cathaysian aspect. Late Permian corals all Cathaysian. Changes related to rifting of Cimmerian continent from Gondwanaland in late Early Permian and subsequent N-ward drift)


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Wang, X.D., K. Ueno, Y. Mizuno & T. Sugiyama (2001)- Late Paleozoic faunal, climatic, and geographic changes in the Baoshan block as a Gondwana-derived continental fragment in southwest China. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 170, p. 197-218. Wang, Y.G. & D.L. Sun (1985)- The Triassic and Jurassic paleogeography and evolution of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, Canadian J. Earth Sci. 22, 2, p. 195-204. Wang, Y., K. Ueno, Y.C. Zhang & C.Q. Cao (2010)- The Changhsingian foraminiferal fauna of a Neotethyan seamount: the Gyanyima Limestone along the Yarlung-Zangbo Suture in southern Tibet, China. Geol. Journal 45, p. 308-318. (Gyanyima Lst isolated carbonate build-up along Yarlung-Zangbo Suture of probable Neotethyan seamount origin. Diverse foraminiferal fauna dominated by Reichelina pulchra, Colaniella parva and Dilatofusulina. Represents the last stage of foraminifers before end-Permian mass extinction and can be correlated with Palaeofusulina sinensis Zone in E Tethys. Composition of fauna suggests palaeogeographic position at lower latitudes in Neotethys, influenced by warm-water l Palaeotethys) Wanless, H.R. & J.R. Cannon (1966)- Late Paleozoic glaciation. Earth Science Rev. 1, 4, p. 247-286. Waterhouse, J.B. (1972)- The evolution, correlation, and paleogeographic significance of the Permian ammonoid family Cyclolobidae. Lethaia 5, 3, p. 251-270. (Cyclolobidae of M Permian age. Waagenoceras- Timorites lineage inhabited paleotropical latitudes, and Timorites is found around rim of Pacific Ocean. Both found on Timor) Waterhouse, J.B. (1982)- An Early Permian cool-water fauna from pebbly mudstones in South Thailand. Geol. Magazine 119, 4, p. 337-354. (E Permian (Asselian) small brachiopod fauna from pebbly mudstones and sandstones of Phuket Gp at Ko Muk and Ko Phi Phi islands in Andaman Sea. Most species suggest pebbly mudstones are cool water deposits, contemporaneous with Late Asselian glacial deposits of Gondwana. (=Sibumasu terrane'; HvG)) Waterhouse, J.B. (1987)- Perceptions of the Permian Pacific- the Medusa Hypothesis. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, p. 607-614. Waters, J.A. (1990)- The palaeobiogeography of the Blastoidea (Echinodermata). In: W.S. McKerrrow & C.R. Scotese (eds.) Palaeozoic palaeogeography and biogeography, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 12, p. 339-352. (Permian blastoids widespread but most diverse in SE Asia and Australia. Timor faunas Sakmarian-Asselian and Kazanian, and most diverse and abundant. Some common species between Timor and Australia, but others conspicuously absent. Reasons for local endemism unclear. Kazanian Timor fauna is last successful blastoid community before going extinct) Webby, B.D., I.G. Percival, G. Edgecombe, F. Vandenberg, R. Cooper, J. Pickett et al. (2000)- Ordovician biogeography of Australasia. In: J. Wright et al. (eds.) Palaeobiogeography of Australasian faunas and floras, Assoc. Australian Palaeont., Mem. 23, p. 63-126. Webster, G.D. (1998)- Palaeobiogeography of Tethys Permian crinoids. In: G.R. Shi, N.W. Archbold & M. Grover (eds.) Strzelecki international symposium on Permian of eastern Tethys; biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources, Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria. 110, 1-2, p. 289-308. (Most crinoid faunas from S and SE part Tethys Sea, Australia, India, Oman and New Zealand faunas rel. cool water, >35°S. Pakistan, Thailand, Timor, etc., warmer water. Permian crinoid faunas known worldwide, but Timor faunas highest diversity and abundance. More taxa in common between W Australia and Timor than between W and E Australia) Webster, G.D. & G.D. Sevastopulo (2007)- Paleogeographic significance of Early Permian crinoids and blastoids from Oman. Palaont. Zeitschr. 81, 4, p. 399-405.


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(Sakmarian crinoids (Platycrinites n.sp.) and blastoids (Timoroblastus n.sp.?, Deltoblastus n.sp.?) from Qarari Lst NE Oman show relationship with Permian Tethyan faunas of Timor and W Australia and support E Permian age for part of Basleo fauna of Timor. Qarari Lst regarded as Late Triassic? hemipelagic sediment with reworked M Permian blocks deposited on distal slope of Arabian carbonate platform by Martini et al. 2001 and Vachard et al. 2002 (NB: faunal similarities but all new species; not same as Timor?; HvG)) Westermann, G.E.G. (1980)- Ammonite biochronology and biogeography of the circum-Pacific Middle Jurassic. In: M.R. House & J.R. Senior (eds.) The Ammonoidea, Academic Press, London, p. 459-498. Westermann, G.E.G. (1988)- Middle Jurassic ammonite biogeography supports ambi-Tethyan origin of Tibet. In: M.G. Audley-Charles & A. Hallam (eds.) Gondwana and Tethys, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 37, p. 235-239. (M Jurassic ammonites from Tibet Tethyan Himalaya (Spiti Shale) typical of SE margin of Tethys, with connections to W India, E Africa, NW Australasia. N (Qamdo) and S (Lhasa) Tibet consistent with Eurasian position in M Jurassic. Tithonian ammonoid affinities of Tethyan Himalaya very close to NW Australia, which Uhlig (1911) correctly included in Himalayan province) Westermann, G.E.G. (ed.) (1993)- The Jurassic of the Circum-Pacific. Cambridge Univ. Press, 688p. Westermann, G.E.G. (1993)- Global bio-events-mid-Jurassic ammonites controlled by seaways. In: M.R. House (ed.) The Ammonoidea, Systematics Association Spec. Vol. 47, Oxford Science Publ., p. 187-226. Westermann, G.E.G. (2000)- Marine faunal realms of the Mesozoic: review and revision under the new guidelines for biogeographic classification and nomenclature. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 163, p.4968. (Review of published Mesozoic marine realms subrealms and superrealms and problems in defining them Most important superrealms: (1) Boreal/Euroboreal (Arctic and Boreal-Atlantic) and (2) Tethys-Panthalassa (Tethyan, Mediterran-Caucasian, Indo-Pacific (Jurassic-E Cretaceous) and Austral (M-Late Cretaceous)) Westermann, G.E.G. & Y.G. Wang (1988)- Middle Jurassic ammonites of Tibet and the age of the lower Spiti Shales. Palaeontology 31, p. 295-339. Whitmore, T.C. (ed.) (1981)- Wallace's Line and place tectonics. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 104p. Whitmore, T.C. (ed.) (1987)- Biogeographical evolution of the Malay Archipelago. Oxford Monogr. Biogeogr.4, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 1-145. Wilson,K.M., M.J. Rosol & W.W. Hay (1989)- Global Mesozoic reconstructions using revised continental data and terrane histories: a progress report. In: Deep Structure and Past Kinematics of Accreted Terranes, Am. Geophys. Union (AGU) Geoph. Mon. Series 50, p. 1-39 Winguth, A.M.E., C. Heinze, J.E. Kutzbach et al. (2002)- Simulated warm polar currents during the Middle Permian. Paleoceanography 17, 4, 1057, p. Wnuk, C. (1996)- The development of floristic provinciality during the Middle and Late Paleozoic. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 90, p. 5-40. Wood, G.D., M.A. Miller, D.T. Pocknall, A.M. Aleman, J.A. Stein & R. Dino (1998)- Paleoclimatologic, paleoecologic and biostratigraphic significance of the Middle Cretaceous elaterate microfloral province, Gondwana. In: AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 82, 10, p. 1982. (Abstract only) (One of best defined Cretaceous phytogeographic realms is Albian-Cenomanian elaterate microfloral province, bracketing Cretaceous paleo-equator, in tropical-subtropical Africa- S America and outliers in China, Middle East and PNG. Typified by elater bearing pollen Elaterocolpites, Elateroplicites, Elateropollenites, , etc. Parent plants inhabited paleotropical humid coastal plains of Proto-South Atlantic and Tethys oceans)


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Wopfner, H. (1996)- Gondwana origin of the Baoshan and Tengchong terranes of west Yunnan. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 539- 547. (Baoshan and Tengchong Blocks in W Yunnan, China, have Permo-Carboniferous glaciomarine deposits, coldwater faunas and Glossopteris flora, indicating Gondwana position at that time and part of Sibumasu tectonostratigraphic unit. Glacial series of Baoshan Block rel. thin and overlain by thick basalts and red beds (volcanic rift setting?). Tengchong Block glacial marine beds >1000 m, followed by thick Lower Permian reefal limestones (passive margin?). Both terranes separated from Australian Gondwana in late E Permian. Docking started in Late Triassic, with closure of Changning-Menglian Belt) Wopfner, H. (1999)- The Early Permian deglaciation event between East Africa and Northwestern Australia. J. African Earth Sci. 29, p. 77-90. Wopfner, H. (2001)- Gondwana Terranes of southwest China and their connections to India and Australia. J. Indian Assoc. Sedimentologists 20, p. 1-19. (Two groups of terranes with Late Carboniferous-E Permian glacial deposts that separated from Gondwana in Permian (together also referred to Sibumasu Blocks; HvG): (1) LBS (Lhasa Block (Tibet), Baoshan (W Yunnan, China) and Shan Thay (E Burma)) which evolved in volcanic rift setting with margin of Gretaer India and NW Australia, and separated from Gondwana in Artinskian; (2) TMS (Tengchong Block, peninsular Thailand, W Malay Peninsula and N Sumatra), developed on pericontinental non-volcanic rift along N margin of Australia and pre-Permian New Guinea and separated slightly earlier than LBS) Wopfner, H. & X.C. Jin (2009)- Pangea megasequences of Tethyan Gondwana-margin reflect global changes of climate and tectonism in Late Palaeozoic and Early Triassic times- a review. Palaeoworld 18, p. 169-192. (Late Carboniferous- M Triassic ‘Pangea stage’ similar trends across Gondwana. Late Carboniferous- E Permian glacial- periglacial deposits followed by deglaciation in E Sakmarian, with typical facies with coal measures and redbeds. In E Permian, large graben structures started to develop between Africa and India and between India and Australia. Rifting along Tethyan margin started in E Permian, associated with volcanism between Cashmere and Yunnan and in NW Australia. Spreading of Neo-Tethys lead to separation of Cimmerian Blocks from Gondwana in late E Permian- Triassic. Two facies realms (1) intracratonic rift (Cashmere, Lhasa, Baoshan blocks) and (2) detached more distal blocks (Tengchong, Malay, Sumatra)) Wright, A.J., G.C. Young, J.A. Talent & J.R. Laurie (eds.) (2000)- Palaeobiogeography of Australasian faunas and floras. Assoc. Australian Pal., Mem. 23, 515 p. Wu, G.Y. & B.L. Cong (1995)- Tethyan evolution and SE Asian continental accretion. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geology of Southeast Asia and adjacent areas, Hanoi 1995, J. of Geol. Hanoi, B, 1995, 5-6, p. 293-301. Wu, H.R., C.A. Boulter, B.J. Ke, D.A.V. Stow & Z.C. Wang (1995)- The Changning-Menglian suture zone; a segment of the major Cathaysian-Gondwana divide in Southeast Asia. Tectonophysics 242, p. 267-280. Yamashita, I., A. Surinkum, Y. Wada, M. Fujihara, M. Yokoyama, H. Zaman & Y. Otofuji (2011)Paleomagnetism of the Middle- Late Jurassic to Cretaceous red beds from the Peninsular Thailand: implications for collision tectonics. J. Asian Earth Sci. 40, 3, p. 784-796. (Paleomagnetic analyses of 33 sites in Jurassic-Cretaceous red sandstones in Peninsular Thailand suggest two opposite tectonic rotations in Trang area, which underwent clockwise rotation after Jurassic together with Shan-Thai and Indochina blocks. Between Late Cretaceous- M Miocene area experienced up to 24.5° ± 11.5° CCW rotation with respect to S China Block, part of large scale CCW rotation experienced by S Sundaland Block (incl. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and S Sulawesi) as result of Australian Plate collision with SE Asia) Xiaochi, J. (1998)- A comparison between Permo-Carboniferous sequences of the Baoshan Block and the Lhasa Block, China. Strzelecki Symposium Vol., Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 110, p. 401-404.


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Xiaochi, J. (2002)- Permo-Carboniferous sequences of Gondwana affinity in Southwest China and their paleogeographic implications. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 633-646. Yamashita, I., A. Surinkum, Y. Wada, M. Fujihara, M. Yokoyama, H. Zaman & Y. Otofuji (2011)Paleomagnetism of the Middle-Late Jurassic to Cretaceous red beds from the Peninsular Thailand: implications for collision tectonics. J. Asian Earth Sci. 40, 3, p. 784-796. (Paleomagnetic data of Jurassic- Cretaceous red sandstones from Peninsular Thailand suggests two opposite tectonic rotations in Trang area. As part of Thai-Malay Peninsula underwent CW rotation after Jurassic together with Shan-Thai and Indochina blocks. Between Late Cretaceous and M Miocene, as part of S Sundaland Block, up to 24.5° ± 11° CCW rotation relative to South China Block. N boundary of CCW rotated zone between Trang area and Khorat Basin) Yan, C.Y. & L.W. Kroenke (1993)- A plate tectonic reconstruction of the SW Pacific 0-100 Ma. In: E.M. Maddox (ed.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 130, p. 697-709. Yan, J.X. & D. Liang (2005)- Early and Middle Permian paleoclimates of the Baoshan Block, western Yunnan, China: insight from carbonates. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, 6, p. 753-764. (Baoshan Block of W Yunnan, SW China formed E part of Cimmerian Continent in Permian. E Permian formed under influence of Permo-Carboniferous glaciation. After E Permian rifting faunal elements of Gondwana affinity decreased, while those of Cathaysian affinity increased. Late Permian faunas exclusively Cathaysian. E Permian Dingjiazhai Fm carbonates characterized by warm-temperate bryozoan-echinoderm facies of heterozoan association, with no non-skeletal grains. Overlying Yongde and Shazipo Fm carbonates subtropicaltropical chloroforam facies of photozoan association, with common non-skeletal grains) Yan, J. & H. Yin (2000)- Paleoclimatic constraints for early Permian paleogeography of Eastern Tethys. In: H. Yin et al. (eds.) Permian-Triassic evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific, Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy 18, Elsevier, p. 1-15. (Paleoclimate indicators used to distinguish major Asian blocks. Early Permian cooler climate areas with diamictites and Glossopteris flora, warm climates have fusulinid limestones, Gigantopteris floras, etc. Suggest N-ward movement in Permian of blocks like Sibumasu from S Hemisphere Gondwana to N Hemisphere Asia) Yan, Q,, Z, Wang, S, Liu, Q, Li, H, Zhang, T, Wang et al. (2005)- Opening of the Tethys in southwest China and its significance to the breakup of East Gondwanaland in late Paleozoic: evidence from SHRIMP U-Pb zircon analyses for the Garze ophiolite block. Chinese Sci. Bull. 20, 3, p. 256-264. (U-Pb zircon analyses of gabbro from Garze ophiolite block from Garze-Litang melange yielded mean age of 292 ±4 Ma, suggesting earliest Permian sea floor spreading/ age of opening of Tethys at East Gondwanaland) Yang, Z. & J. Besse (1993)- Paleomagnetic study of Permian and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from Northern Thailand supports the extrusion model for Indochina. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117, p. 525-552. (Paleomagnetic study of Jurassic- Cretaceous sediments on Khorat Plateausuggests 1500 ± 800 km of post-M Cretaceous left-lateral slip along Red River and Xian Shui He fault zones and 14 ± 7° CW rotation for Indochina block relative to S China block, in agreement with lateral extrusion model of Indochina during India-Asia collision. Additional data of Permian, U Triassic and Lw Jurassic suggest Indochina, Yunnan (S China), N China block and S China block probably in contact at least since Late Triassic) Yang, Z., V. Courtillot, J. Besse, X. Ma, L. Xing, S. Xu &d J. Zhang (1992)- Jurassic paleomagnetic constraints on the collision of the North and South China Blocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 6, p. 577-580. (S China Block underwent final accretion to N China Block in M Jurassic. Accretion of NCB to Siberia was not complete until late Jurassic and possibly even until E Cretaceous) Yang, Z., Z. Sun, T. Yang & J. Pei (2004)- A long connection (750-380 Ma) between South China and Australia: paleomagnetic constraints. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 220, p. 423-434. (Paleomagnetic study on M Cambrian in N Sichuan Basin (Yangtze Block). S China Block placed against NW Australia, correlating Grenville-age Jiangnan orogenic belt with Rudall belt of W Australia, and subsequently


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Late Proterozoic Jiangnan and Officer/Adelaide rift systems. Paleobiogeographic evidence indicates this configuration might maintain by M Devonian) Yap, S. (2002)- On the distributional patterns of Southeast-East Asian freshwater fish and their history. J. Biogeography 29, 9, p. 1187-1199. Yin, An (2010)- Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Asia: a preliminary synthesis. Tectonophysics 488, p. 293-325. (Cenozoic tectonic evolution model of Asia, including lateral extrusion of SE Asia between 32- 17 Ma after India- Asia collision) Yin, Hongfu (1997)- Triassic biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of East Asia. In: J.M. Dickins (ed.) Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Circum-Pacific events and their global correlation, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 168-185. (Timor Triassic classified as ‘Gondwanan Tethys’ facies, similar to Lhasa- W. Birma?; different from ‘IndiaGondwana’ and ‘Cathaysian-Tethys’. Misolia is element of subtropical ‘Gondwanan Tethys’. Gondwanan Tethys and Tropical Tethys merged in Late Triassic due to S-ward expansion of tropical-subtropical biota) Yin, Hongfu, J.M. Dickins et al. (eds.) (2000)- Permian-Triassic evolution of Tethys and Western CircumPacific. Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy 18, Elsevier, 412 p. (Reviews of Permian-Triassic in mainland E Asia, New Zealand, etc.; little on Indonesia/ New Guinea) Yin, J. (2003)- Oxfordian (Jurassic) mayaitid (ammonite) dispersal in the Tibetan Himalaya as the first signal of the establishment of the Indo-Austral subrealm. Progress in Natural Science 13, 4, p. 282- 287. (Mid-Oxfordian ammonite-fauna in Lanongla area, Tibetan Himalaya, characterized by endemic epimayaitids. Distribution of mayaitids around E Gondwana can be regarded as first signal establishment of Indo-Austral Subrealm in Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) Zakharov, Y.D., A.M. Popov & A.S. Biakov (2008)- Late Permian to Middle Triassic palaeogeographic differentiation of key ammonoid groups: evidence from the former USSR. Polar Research 27, p. 441-468. (Incl. paleogeographic reconstructions with Late Permian- earliest Triassic (260- 247 Ma) distributions of ammonites in Paleotethys) Zammit, M. (2010)- A review of Australasian ichthyosaurs. Alcheringa 34, p. 281-292. (On ichthyosaur fossils from Australasian region: Mixosaurus from M Triassic of Timor; Shonisaurus from U Triassic of New Caledonia, Platypterygius, from Lower Cretaceous of Australia and New Zealand) Zhao, D., S. Maruyama & S. Omori (2007)- Mantle dynamics of Western Pacific and East Asia: insight from seismic tomography and mineral physics. Gondwana Res. 11, p. 120-131. (Tomography of E Asia, the location of double-sided subduction zone where old Pacific plate subducts from E, and Indo-Australia plate subducts from S) Zhao, J.M. & G.D. Zhou (1987)- Discovery of Lytvolasma fauna from western section of Eastern Kunlun Mountains. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 1987, 4, p. (Lytvolasma late E Permian coral fauna from E Kunlun Mts, W Qinghai. Includes Pleramplexus, Wannerophyllum, Lytvolasma, Lophophyllidium wichmanni, Timorphyllum, etc. Coral fauna characterized by simple forms with no dissepiments, signifying cold-water fauna. Comparable to Basleo beds of Timor) Zhao, X., R.S. Coe, S.A. Gilder & G.M. Frost (1996)- Palaeomagnetic constraints on the palaeogeography of China: implications for Gondwanaland. Australian J. Earth Sci. 43, 6, p. 643- 672. Zhang, Y.C., L.R. Cheng & S.Z. Shen (2010)- Late Guadalupian (Middle Permian) fusuline fauna from the Xiala Formation in Xainza County, Central Tibet: implication of the rifting time of the Lhasa Block. J. Paleontology 84, 5 p. 955-973.


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(Fusulinid fauna from Xiala Fm of Tibet 9 species dominated by Nankinella and Chusenella, indicating Midian (Late Guadalupian) age. Earliest record of fusulinids in Midian in Lhasa Block suggests it rifted later than Qiangtang Block to N and Baoshan -Tengchong blocks to E, which have earlier (Artinskian) fusuline faunas and drifted away from Gondwana to relatively warm temperate zone in M Permian) Zhang, K.J. (1998)- The Changning-Menglian suture zone: a segment of the major Cathaysia-Gondwana divide in Southeast Asia-comment. Tectonophysics, p. 319-321. Zhang, K.J. (2000)- Cretaceous palaeogeography of Tibet and adjacent areas (China): tectonic implications. Cretaceous Res. 21, p. 23-33. (During Cretaceous, Tibet and adjacent areas under influence of gradual transgression. In S Tibet major transgression during Late Barremian-Albian, with thick inner shelf limestone in N Lhasa, suggesting back-arc extension during late Early Cretaceous) Zharkov, M.A. & N.M. Chumakov (2001)- Paleogeography and sedimentation settings during Permian- Triassic reorganizations in biosphere. Stratigraphy Geol. Correl. 9, 4, p. 340-363. (Artinskian- Kungurian Metaperrinites and Kungurian Perrinites faunas in Ratburi Group in N Central and S Central Thailand, represent part of Tethyan perrinitid belt from Crimea in W to Timor in E) Zhu, D.C., Z.D. Zhao, Y. Niu, Y. Dilek & X.X. Mo (2011)- Lhasa terrane in southern Tibet came from Australia. Geology 39, p. 727-730. (Detrital zircons from Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks in Lhasa terrane (Tibet) have distinctive age population of ~1170 Ma withHf values identical to coeval detrital zircons from W Australia. Those from W Qiangtang and Tethyan Himalaya terranes age population of ~950 Ma. The ~1170 Ma detrital zircons in Lhasa terrane were most likely derived from Albany-Fraser belt in SW Australia. Lhasa terrane is exotic to Tibetan Plateau and should be placed at NW margin of Australia) Ziegler, A.M., M.L. Hulver, A.L. Lottes & W.F. Schmachtenberg (1997)- Permian world topography and climate. In: I.P. Martini (ed.) Late glacial and post-glacial environmental changes- Quaternary, CarboniferousPermian and Proterozoic, Oxford Univ. Press, p. 111-146. Ziegler, A.M., P.M. Rees, D.B. Rowley, A. Bekker, L. Qing & M.L. Hulver (1996)- Mesozoic assembly of Asia: constraints from fossil floras, tectonics, and paleomagnatism. In: A. Yin & M. Harrison (eds.) The tectonic evolution of Asia. Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 371-400.


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I.3. Volcanism, Volcanic rocks geochemistry (This listing is only a limited selection of an extensive body of literature on Indonesia volcanic activity and its products. Additional titles on volcanism that are specific to one region may be included under these regions) Alves, S., P. Schiano & C.J Allegre (1999)- Rhenium-osmium isotopic investigation of Java subduction zone lavas. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 168, p. 65-77. Andreastuti, S.D., B.V. Alloway & I.E.M. Smith (2000)- A detailed tephrostratigraphic framework at Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia: implications for eruption predictions and hazard assessment. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. (special issue Merapi volcano), 100, p. 51-67. Baak, J.A. (1949)- A comparative study on recent ashes of the Java volcanoes Smeru, Kelut, and Merapi. Meded. Alg. Proefstation Landbouw, Buitenzorg (Bogor), 83, p. 1-60. Berthommier, P.C.; G. Camus, M. Condomines & P.M. Vincent (1990)- Le Merapi (centre Java): elements de chronologie d'un stratovolcan andesitique. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Paris, 311, 1, p. 213-218. ('Merapi, central Java: chronology of an andesitic stratovolcano') Boudon, G., G. Camus, A. Gourgaud & J. Lajoie (1993)- The 1984 nuee-ardente deposits of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia: stratigraphy, textural characteristics and transport mechanisms. Bull. Volcanol. 55, p. 327-342. Bourdier, J.L., I. Pratomo, J.C. Thouret, G. Boudon & P.M. Vincent (1997)- Observations, stratigraphy and eruptive processes of the 1990 eruption of Kelut volcano, Indonesia. J. Volcan. Geotherm. Res. 79, p. 181-203. Bronto, S., (1982)- Geologi G. Galunggung. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 7-18. ('Geology of Mount Galunggung'. W Java volcano) Bronto, S. (1990)- Galunggung 1982-83 High-Mg basalt: Quaternary Indonesian arc primary magma. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 126-143. Bronto, S. (2006)- Fasies gunung api dan aplikasinya. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 2, 1, p. 59-71. ('Volcanic facies and its applications') Bronto, S. (2010)- Geologi gunung api purba. Geological Survey, Bandung, Spec. Publ., p. 1-154. (Geology of ancient volcanoes') Bronto, S., E. Budiadi & H.G. Hartono (2004)- Permasalahan geologi gunungapi di Indonesia. Majalah Geol. Indonesia 19, 2, p. 91-105. Broom-Fendley, S, M. Thirlwall, M. Cottam & R. Hall (2011)- Geochemistry and tectonic setting of Una-Una Volcano, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Goldschmidt Mtg, Prague 2011, Mineral. Mag. 75, 3, p. 585. (Abstract only) (Volcanic rocks from Una-Una (<~100 Ka) and nearby Togian islands (~2 Ma) both alkaline or high-K calcalkaline trachyte. Isotopic trends and geochemistry indicate ancient continental contribution to magma source, possibly Indian Ocean pelagic sediment. Probably related to young extension of Gorontalo Bay due to slab rollback) Brouwer, H.A. (1920)- On the composition and the xenoliths of the lava dome of the Galunggung (West-Java). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 23, 8, p. 1234-1240. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014780.pdf) (On earlier recrystallization products in 1918 lava dome of Galunggung volcano, W Java) Brouwer, H.A. (1939)- Leucite rocks of the active volcano Batoe Tara (Malay Archipelago). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 42, 1, p. 23-29. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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(online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017280.pdf) (Batoe Tara or Komba ~50 km N of Lomblen, E of Flores, rises from deep sea to nearly 750 m above sea-level. Active volcano with different types of leucite rocks: leucite basanite, biotite-leucite tephrites, etc.) Camus, G., M. Diament, M. Gloaguen, A. Provost & P. Vincent (1992)- Emplacement of a debris avalanche during the 1883 eruption of Krakatau (Sunda Straits, Indonesia). GeoJournal 28, 2, p. 123-128. Camus, G., A. Gourgaud, P.C. Mossand-Berthommier & P.M.Vincent (2000)- Merapi (Central Java, Indonesia): an outline of the structural and magmatological evolution, with a special emphasis to the major pyroclastic events. J. Volcan. Geotherm. Res. 100, p. 139-163. Camus, G., A. Gourgaurd & P.M. Vincent (1987)- Petrologic evolution of Krakatau (Indonesia): implications for a future activity. J Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 33, p. 299-316. Carey, S., H. Sigurdsson, C. Mandeville & S. Bronto (1996)- Pyroclastic flows and surges over water: an example from the 1883 Krakatau eruption. Bull. Volcanology 57, p. 493-511. Carn, S.A. (2000)- The Lamongan volcanic field, East Java, Indonesia: physical volcanology, historic activity and hazards. J. Volcan. Geothermal Res. 95, p. 81-108. (Lamongan volcanic field in SE Java 61 basaltic cinder or spatter cones, >29 prehistoric maars, and central compound complex comprising three main vents including historically active Lamongan volcano. Persistently active between 1799-1898) Carn, S.A. & D.M. Pyle (2001)- Petrology and geochemistry of the Lamongan volcanic field, East Java, Indonesia: primitive Sunda Arc magmas in an extensional tectonic setting? J. Petrology 42. 9, p. 1643-1683. (online at: http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/9/1643.full.pdf) (Lamongan volcan, E Java, lavas include medium-K basalts and basaltic andesites, along with high-K suite. The least evolved lavas lowest SiO2 contents (43 wt % SiO2) in Sunda arc volcanics. Extensional tectonics, possibly related to arc segmentation created conditions promoting rapid ascent of parental magmas, probably responsible for this and other features of complex) Caron, M.H. (1916)- Het zwavelvoorkomen van de Kawah Idjen. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser., III (Molengraaff issue), p. 57-63. ('The sulfur occurrence of Kawah Idjen'. Horizontal beds of sulfur in E part of crater wall of Idjen volcano, E Java, are crater lake deposits) Chadwick, J.P., V.R. Troll, C. Ginibre, D. Morgan, R. Gertisser, T.E. Waight & J.P. Davidson (2007)Carbonate assimilation at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia: insights from crystal isotope stratigraphy. J. Petrol. 48, 9, p. 1793-1812. (Recent Merapi andesite lavas with abundant, complexly zoned, plagioclase phenocrysts. Sr isotopes require source or melt with elevated radiogenic Sr, rich in Ca and lower Mg and Fe. Abundant xenoliths, including metamorphosed volcanoclastic sediment and carbonate country rock. Mineralogy and geochemistry indicate magma-crust interaction at Merapi more significant than previously thought. Sr isotopes in plagioclase compared to Wonosari Lst from Parangtritis) Charbonnier, S.J. & R. Gertisser (2008)- Field observations and surface characteristics of pristine block-andash flow deposits from the 2006 eruption of Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia. J. Volc. Geothermal Res. 177, 4, p. 971-982. (Internal archtecture of 2006 block-and-ash flow ) Charbonnier, S.J. & R. Gertisser (2011)- Deposit architecture and dynamics of the 2006 block-and-ash flows of Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia. Sedimentology 58, 6, p. 1573-1612.


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Claproth, R. (1989)- Petrography and geochemistry of volcanic rocks from Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wollongong, p. Claproth, R. (1989)- Magmatic affinities of volcanic rocks from Ungaran, Central Java. Geol. Indonesia 12, 1 (Katili volume), p. 511-562. (Lengthy paper on Late Pliocene- Late Pleistocene volcanic rocks of Ungaran volcano, C. Java. Early stages of Ungaran mainly shoshonitic rocks, later stages mostly high-K calk-alkaline andesites) Dahren, B., V.R. Troll, U.B. Andersson, J.P. Chadwick, M.F. Gardner, K. Jaxybulatov & I. Koulakov (2012)Magma plumbing beneath Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia: evidence for multiple magma storage regions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., p. (in press) (Petrological studies previously identified shallow magma storage 2-8 km beneath Krakatau, while seismic evidence pointed towards deeper crustal storage zones at 9 and 22 km. Clinopyroxene in Anak Krakatau lavas crystallized at of 7–12 km deph, plagioclase at shallow crustal (3-7 km) and sub-Moho (23–28 km) levels. New seismic tomography shows separate upper crustal (<7 km) and lower-mid-crustal magma storage regions) Deegan, F.M., V.R. Troll, C. Freda, V. Misiti, J.P. Chadwick et al. (2010)- Magma- carbonate interaction processes and associated CO2 release at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia: insights from experimental petrology. J. Petrology 51, 5, p. 1027-1051. (online at:http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/content/51/5/1027.full.pdf) (Evidence for late-stage interaction between magmatic system and local limestone at Merapi volcano, C Java: calc-silicate xenoliths within Merapi basalts-andesites and feldspar phenocrysts frequently with crustally contaminated cores and zones) Deegan, F.M., V.R. Troll, C. Freda, V. Misiti & J.P. Chadwick (2011)- Fast and furious: crustal CO2 release at Merapi volcano, Indonesia. Geology Today 27, 2, p. 63-64. (Experiments show that when magma interacts with carbonate-rich crustal rock, it rapidly liberates crustal CO2, with potentially devastating repercussions for explosive volcanic behaviour) Dehn, J., J.W. Farrell & H.U. Schmincke (1991)- Neogene tephrochronology from Site 758 on northern Ninetyeast Ridge: Indonesian arc volcanism of the past 5 Ma. In: J. Weissel et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program ODP, Sci. Res. 121, p. 273-295. (online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/121_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr121_14.pdf) (Pliocene-Recent sediments in N Indian Ocean W of N Sumatra with several 100 rhyolitic tuff layers, ranging in thickness from few mm to 34cm. Ashes believed to be from Sumatra sector of Sunda Arc. Four youngest ash layers correlate to last four eruptions of Toba caldera between 0.075 and 1.2 Ma. Thickest tuffs < 2 My old) De Hoog, J.C.M. (2001)- Behavior of volatiles in arc volcanism. Geochemical and petrologic evidence from active volcanoes in Indonesia. Geologica Ultraiectina 204, 220p. (online at http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/1954688/full.pdf) De Hoog, J.C., B.E. Taylor & M.J. van Bergen (2001)- Sulfur isotope systematics of basaltic lavas from Indonesia: implications for the sulfur cycle in subduction zones. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 189, p. 237-252. De Neve, G.A. (1981)- Anak Krakatau, fifty years of geomorphological development and growth with the petrographically derived consequences. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 7-40. De Neve, G.A. (1983)- Quaternary volcanism and other phenomena attributed to volcanicity in the Aceh region North Sumatra. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 67-113. Doyle, E.E.; S.J. Cronin, S.E. Cole & J. Thouret, (2010)- The coalescence and organization of lahars at Semeru volcano, Indonesia. Bull. Volcanology 72, 8, p. 961-970. Dvorak, J J.; H. Said, R.D. Hadisantono, N. Rahardja,D. Mulyadi, D. Reksowirogo & K. Restikadjaja (1987)Geodetic measurements at Indonesian volcanoes. U.S. Geol. Survey Rept. OF 87-0130, p. 1-40.


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Edwards, C.M.H. (1990)- Petrogenesis of tholeiitic, calc-alkaline and alkaline volcanic rocks, Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, p. 1-373. (Unpublished) Edwards, C.M.H., J.D. Morris, M.F. Thirlwall (1993)- Separating slab from mantle signatures in arc lavas using B/Be and radiogenic isotope systematics, Nature 362, p. 530-533. (On chemistry of young volcanic rocks from Java (Guntur, Ringgit) and Flores (Kelimutu, Lewitobi, Mandiri)) Elburg, M., J.D. Foden, M.J. van Bergen & I. Zulkarnain (2004)- Along- and across-arc geochemical constraints on sources and transfer processes in the Sunda-Banda Arc, Indonesia. 4p. (Online at www.geophysics.rice.edu/sota/papers) Elburg, M.A., J.D. Foden, M.J. van Bergen & I. Zulkarnain (2005)- Australia and Indonesia in collision: geochemical sources of magmatism. J. Volcan. Geotherm. Res. 140, p. 25-47. (Alor, Lirang, Wetar and Romang in extinct section of Sunda-Banda arc, where collision with Australia brought subduction to halt. Pb isotopes reflect mixing from subducting Australian crust) Elburg, M.A. & V.S. Kamenetsky (2008)- Limited influence of subducted continental material on mineralogy and elemental geochemistry of primitive magmas from Indonesia-Australia collision zone. Lithos 105, p. 73-84. (Two basalt-andesite samples from Alor Island. Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data show influence of subducted continental material, but major and trace element compositions not very different from typical subductionrelated magmas) Elburg, M.A., V.S. Kamenetsky, J.D. Foden & A.V. Sobolev (2007)- The origin of medium-K ankaramitic arc magmas from Lombok (Sunda arc, Indonesia): mineral and melt inclusion evidence. Chem. Geol. 240, p. 260279. Elburg, M.A., M.J. van Bergen & J.D. Foden (2004)- Subducted upper and lower continental crust contributes to magmatism in the collision sector of the Sunda-Banda arc, Indonesia. Geology 32, 1, p. 41-44. (Pb isotopes in igneous rocks from Banda-Sunda arc show increase in 206Pb/204Pb ratios toward zone of collision with Australian continent, reflecting input of subducted upper-crustal material. Maximum values coincide with anomalously radiogenic 3He/4He ratios, earlier attributed to involvement of continental margin. New interpretation of Pb isotope data does not call for involvement of ocean-island basalt-type mantle or Australian subcontinental lithospheric mantle, suggested previously) Escher, B.G. (1927)- Vesuvius, the Tengger Mountains and the problem of Calderas. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 2, p. 51-88. (Includes Bromo Caldera, Tengger Mountains of East Java) Escher, B.G. (1928)- Krakatau in 1883 en in 1928. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 45, 4, p. 715-743. (On Krakatoa eruptions of 1883 and 1928) Escher, B.G. (1933)- On the character of the Merapi eruption in Central Java. Leidse Geol. Meded. 6, 1, p. 5158. Foden, J.D. (1983)- The petrology of the calcalkaline lavas of Rindjani Volcano, East Sunda Arc: a model for island arc petrogenesis. J. Petrol. 24, p. 98-130. Foden, J.D. (1986)- The petrology of Tambora volcano, Indonesia: a model for the 1815 eruption. Jour. Volc. Geotherm. Res. 27, p.1-41. Gasparon, M., D.R. Hilton & R. Varne, (1994)- Crustal contamination processes traced by helium isotopes: examples from the Sunda arc, Indonesia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 126, p. 15-22.


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Gasparon, M. & R. Varne (1998)- Crustal assimilation versus subducted sediment input in west Sunda arc volcanics: an evaluation. Mineralogy and Petrology 64, p. 89-117. (New geochemical analyses of Quaternary-Cretaceous sediments from NE Indian Ocean used to estimate composition of sedimentary material subducted along Sunda Trench. Post-Miocene siliceous clastic sediments in vicinity of Sunda arc largely derived from arc itself, and not used. Post-Miocene sediments are largely accreted rather than subducted. The least contaminated arc volcanics in W section of W Sunda arc, where sediment fluxes highest. Assimilation of crustal material by uprising melts from Indian Ocean-type mantle wedge better able to account for isotope systematics of arc volcanics, and is consistent with variations in crustal thickness and composition along the arc) Gertisser, R., S.J. Charbonnier, V.R. Troll, J. Keller, K. Preece, J.P. Chadwick, J. Barclay & R.A. Herd (2011)Merapi (Java, Indonesia): anatomy of a killer volcano. Geology Today 27, 2, p. 57-62. (Merapi is Indonesia’s most dangerous volcano. Over past two centuries volcanic activity dominated by prolonged periods of basaltic andesite lava dome growth and intermittent dome failures to produce pyroclastic flows every few years. Explosive eruptions, such as in 2010, more common in pre-historic time. Calc-silicate xenoliths brought up by Merapi magmas indicate assimilation of carbonate rocks from sub-volcanic basement) Gertisser, R. & J. Keller (2003)- Trace element and Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotope variations in medium-K and highK volcanic rocks from Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia: evidence for the involvement of subducted sediments in Sunda Arc magma genesis. J. Petrology 44, 3, p. 457-489. (Merapi Holocene basalts-andesites medium-K affinity, high-K over past 1900 yrs, largely reflecting variable contributions from subducted sediment to mantle wedge which was similar to MORB-source mantle before subduction-related modification) Gertisser, R., S. Self, L.E. Thomas, H.K. Handley, P. van Calsteren & J.A. Wolff (2012)- Processes and timescales of magma genesis and differentiation leading to the Great Tambora Eruption in 1815. J. Petrol. 53, 2, p. 271-297. (Eruption of Tambora volcano (Sumbawa) in 1815 one of largest explosive eruptions in historical time. Extensive pyroclastic deposits from emptying of a 30-33 km3 trachyandesite magma body. Parental trachybasalt magma can be produced by ∼2% partial melting of garnet-free, Indian-type mid-ocean ridge basalt-like mantle source contaminated with ∼3% fluids from altered oceanic crust and <1% sedimentary material. Diifferentiation from primary trachybasalt to trachyandesite in two-stage polybaric differentiation) Gisolf, W.F. (1923)- On the occurrence of diamond as an accessory mineral in olivine and anorthite bearing bombs, occurring in basaltic lava, ejected by the volcano Gunung Ruang (Sangir-Archipelago north of Celebes). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 26, 7-8, p. 510-512. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014971.pdf) Gogarten, E. (1918)- Die Vulkane der nordlichen Molukken. Zeitschrift fur Vulkanologie 4, p. 211-305. (‘The volcanoes of the Northern Moluccas’) Gourgaud, A., J.C. Thouret & J.L. Bourdier (2000)- Stratigraphy and textural characteristics of the 1982-83 tephra of Galunggung volcano (Indonesia): implications for volcanic hazards. J. Volcan. Geotherm. Res. 104, p. 169-186. (Galunggung volcano in W Java 9-month-long eruption in 1982-83 with phreatomagmatic phase with ash columns 20 km high. Magma composition evolved from andesite to primitive magnesian basalt and progressive increase of ratio of xenolith versus juvenile magma before increase of explosivity) Hadikusumo, D. (1961)- Report on the volcanological research and volcanic activity in Indonesia for the period 1950-1957. Bull. Volcanol. Survey Indon. 100, 122p. Handley, H. (2006)- Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic constraints on volcanic petrogenesis at the Sunda arc, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Durham University, 289 p.


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(Detailed geochem work on Salak, Gede, Idjen volcanoes. Progressive eastward increase in Sr isotope ratio of volcanic rocks across W and C Java broadly correlates with inferred lithospheric thickness. W Java thicker crust and more terrigenous signal of subducted sediment; E Java thin crust/ pelagic sediemnt). C- E Java transition may represent the southeastern boundary of Sundaland (pre-Tertiary arc basement). Handley, H.K., C.G. Macpherson, J.P. Davidson and R. Gertisser (2006)- Along-arc heterogeneity in crustal architecture and subduction input at the Sunda arc in Java, Indonesia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 18, Suppl. 1 (Goldschmidt Conf. Abstracts), p. A227. (Sunda Arc lavas across Java. Sr ratios increase from Krakatau in W to Merapi in C Java, but lower further E. Correlation between Sr ratio and volcano summit elevation indicates relation to lithospheric thickness. Other isotope ratios for W Java volcanics consistent with incorporation of subducted sediment dominated by terrigenous component. E Java volcanics greater involvement of subducted pelagic sediment and stronger slabfluid imprint. Along-arc variation reflects decreasing thickness of turbidite deposits on down-going Indian Ocean lithosphere from Sumatra to Java) Handley, H.K., C.G. Macpherson, J.P. Davidson, K. Berlo & D. Lowry (2007)- Constraining fluid and sediment contributions to subduction-related magmatism in Indonesia: Ijen Volcanic Complex. J. Petrol. 48, 6, p. 11551183. (Ijen Volcanic Complex in E Java on thickened oceanic crust. Caldera complex 20 km wide with 22 postcaldera eruptive centers. 'Old Idjen' volcanics unconformable on Miocene limestone. Lavas geochemistry suggest least contaminated mantle wedge source analysed in region. Indian-type mid-ocean ridge basalt (IMORB)-like fertile mantle wedge first infiltrated by minor fluid from altered oceanic crust, prior to addition of <1% subducted Indian Ocean sediment (pelagic ooze and Mn-nodules)) Handley, H.K., C.G. Macpherson & J.P. Davidson (2010)- Geochemical and Sr-O isotopic constraints on magmatic differentiation at Gede Volcanic Complex, West Java, Indonesia. Contr. Min. Petrol. 159, p. 85-98. Handley, H.K. S. Turner, C.G. Macpherson, R. Gertisser & J.P. Davidson (2011)- Hf-Nd isotope and trace element constraints on subduction inputs at island arcs: limitations of Hf anomalies as sediment input indicators. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 304, p. 212-223. (New Nd-Hf isotope and trace element data for Javanese volcanoes, Hf anomaly variation may be controlled by fractionation of clinopyroxene or amphibole and does not represent magnitude or type of subduction input in some arcs) Hardjawidjaksana, K. (1996)- Geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility of Toba ash layer in Indian Ocean (preliminary results of Barat cruise 1994). In: S.Y. Kim et al. (eds.) Proc. 32nd Ann. Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Tsukuba 1995, p. 219-229. (On distribution of ash from large Toba eruption of 75,000 years BP, N Sumatra) Harmon, R.S. & M.C. Gerber (1992)- The 1982-83 eruption at Galunggung Volcano, Java (Indonesia): oxygen isotope geochemistry of a chemically zoned magma chamber. J. Petrology 33, 3, p. 585-609. Hartmann, M. (1935)- De werkende vulkanen van het eiland Lomblen (Solor Archipel). Tijdschr. Kon.

Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 52, p. 817-836. ('The active volcanoes of Lomblen Island (Solor Archipelago)') Hartmann, M. (1935)- Der Vulkan Batoe Tara. Zeitschr. f. Vulkanologie 16, p. 180-191. ('The Batu Tara volcano', in Banda Sea NE of Flores) Hartono, U. (1994)- The petrology and geochemistry of the Wilis and Lawu volcanics, East Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of Tasmania, Australia, p. Hartono, U. (1994)- Magma source characteristics in the Wilis Volcano, Eastern Sunda Arc: trace element and Sr and Nd Isotope constraints. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 250-270. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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Hartono, U. (1995)- Oxygen isotope variations from the Wilis volcanic complex, East Java: evidence for assimilation and fractional crystallization. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 5, 43, p. 2-7. Hartono, U. (1995)- The major trace and rare earth elements geochemistry of the Lawu volcano, Central Java. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 5, 50, p. Hartono, U. (1995)- Petrography and mineral chemistry of the Lawu volcano, Central Java. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 6, 52, p. Hartono, U. (1996)- Stratigraphic geochemical trends of the Wilis volcanic complex, Eastern Sunda arc: implication for magma evolution. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 19, p. 97-133. (Wilis volcano, SE Java, five episodes of basaltic-andesitic volcanism. Showing common evlution from intitial poorly evolved basalts to more evolved andesitic magmas to finally dacitic magmatism) Hartono, U. (1997)- Petrogenesis of basaltic magmas from the Wilis volcano, Eastern Sunda Arc. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 21, p. 39-62. Hartono, U. (1997)- Basaltic andesites resulted from the reaction between hydrous basaltic magmas and anhydrous ferromagnesian minerals: evidence from the Lawu volcano, Central Java. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 7, 69, p. 2-10. Hartono, U. (2000)- Island arc magmatism: a general review on petrogenetic models. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 10, 110, p. Hartono, U. (2009)- Contribution of arc magmatism in early stage mineral exploration. J. Sumber Daya Geol., GRDC Bandung, 19, 5, p. 287-296. (Indonesia has at least 15 volcano-plutonic arcs, with total length of ~9000 km. Mainly general discussion on arc magmatism and mineral deposits. Eight arcs with proven mineral deposits, others have potential) Hatherton, T. & W.R. Dickinson (1969)- The relationship between andesitic volcanism and seismicity in Indonesia, the Lesser Antilles, and other island arcs. J. Geophys. Res. 74, p. 5301-5310. (Early paper documenting increase in K-content with depth to seismic Benioff zone) Heim, A. (1916)- Auf dem Vulkan Smeru auf Java. Neujahrsblatt Naturf.Ges. Zurich 1916, 118, 15p. ('On the Semeru volcano on Java'. Early report on ascent of Semeru in E Java) Hilton, D.R. & H. Craig (1989)- A Helium isotope transect along the Indonesian archipelago. Nature 342, 6252, p. 906-908. (Banda arc 3He/4He ratios significantly lower than common ratio in mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORB). 80% of radiogenic He is from subducting continental material. Measurements along Sunda arc show MORB-like ratios from W Java to sharp transition zone at Lomblen Island (N/NW of Timor), where low ratios of Banda arc begin) Hilton, D.R., J.A. Hoogewerff, M.J. van Bergen & K. Hammerschmidt (1992)- Mapping magma sources in the east Sunda-Banda arcs, Indonesia: constraints from Helium isotopes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, p. 851859. (He isotope analyses from 11 volcanoes from Flores (E Sunda arc) through inactive segment between arcs to Banda Island. Results consistent with involvement of crustal material in magma genesis throughout E Sunda/ Banda arcs, as far W as Iya in C Flores. Source of He in crustal component unlikely to be terrigenous sediments derived from Australian continent; rather, degassing of Australian continental crust) Hirschi, H. (1925)- Die Radioaktivitat des Shoshonits von Bromo (Java) und Shonkinits vom Pik von Maros (Celebes). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p, 213-218.


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('The radioactivity of the shoshonite of Bromo (Java) and the shonkinite of Maros Peak (SW Sulawesi)'. Found relatively low content of radioactive materials) Hoogewerff, J.A. (1999)- Magma genesis and slab-wedge interaction across an island-arc collision zone, East Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Geologica Ultraiectina 178, 199 p. (Ph.D. Thesis University of Utrecht) Hoogewerff, J.A., M.J. van Bergen, P.Z. Vroon, J. Hertogen, R. Wortel et al. (1997)- U-series, Sr-Nd-Pb isotope and trace-element systematics across an active island arc-continent collision zone: implications for element transfer at the slab-wedge interface. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 5, p. 1057-1072. (Isotopic and trace element data consistent with three-component mixing whereby slab-derived hydrous fluid and siliceous melt both added to sub-arc mantle source. Hydrous fluid largely controls input in shallow part of subduction zone, siliceous melt dominates flux at deeper levels. Sedimentary material primary source of both) Hutabarat, J. (1999)- Potassic and ultra-potassic rocks petrology of Gunung Ringgit, Situbondo-Bondowoso, East Java. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 103-112. Hutchison, C.S. (1975)- Correlation of Indonesian active volcano geochemistry with Benioff zone depth. Geologie Mijnbouw 54, 3-4, p. 157-168. (Indonesian arc >6000 km long, majority of products andesite or basalt. Leucite in volcanoes over deepest seismic contours. Overall increase in K and alkali % with Benioff zone depth, but rather high variability) Hutchison, C.S. (1976)- Indonesian active volcanic arc: K, Sr, and Rb variation with depth to the Benioff zone. Geology 4, p. 407-408. (K, Sr, and Rb vary with depth to the Benioff zone. K2O increase most useful for Benioff zone depth prediction) Hutchison, C.S. (1977)- Banda Sea volcanic arc: some comments on the Rb, Sr and cordierite contents. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsletter 3, p. 27-35. Hutchison, C.S. (1981)- Review of the Indonesian volcanic arc. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 65-80. (Indonesian volcanic arc extends for 6000km from N Sumatra to Molucca Sea. Volcanism mainly calk-alkalinehigh-K calc-alkaline with minor tholeiite and shoshonite. Lavas predominantly andesitic. Good correlation between depth of underlying Benioff zone of subduced Indian Ocean Plate and K2O content and Sr isotopes, indicating magma is of mantle origin. E-ward increase of 87Sr/86Sr from W Java to Bali suggests transition from continental to oceanic basement. Volcanoes above deep seismic contours are shoshonitic. Extict arc of W Sulawesi also shoshonitic. Pliocene cordierite dacite-granites very high Sr ratios, consistent with continental origin. And much more;HvG) Hutchison, C.S. (1982)- Indonesia. In: R.S. Thorpe (ed.) Andesites. John Wiley, New York, p. 207-224. (Review of Indonesian volcanic arc, similar to Hutchison (1981)) Jaxybulatov, K., I. Koulakov, M. Ibs-von Seht, K. Klinge, C. Reichert, B. Dahren & V.R. Troll (2011)Evidence for high fluid/melt content beneath Krakatau volcano (Indonesia) from local earthquake tomography. J.Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 206, p. 96-105. Jezek, P.A. (1978)- Submarine volcanoes in Banda and Celebes Seas. Berita Direktorat Geologi, Geosurvey Newsl. 10, 20, p. 254-256. Jezek, P.A. & C. Hutchison (1978)- Banda arc of eastern indonesia: petrology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks. Bull. Volcanology 41, 4, p. 586-608. (Banda Arc volcanics major geochemical discontinuity near S end of Weber Deep. Alkali contents and Sr isotope ratios suggest Nila-Teun-Damar volcanic group distinct from Banda-Manuk, and Serua transitional. Lavas generally typical of oceanic island arc, ranging from tholeiitic basalt- dacite on SW Ambon and Banda, low-K calc-alkaline andesites on Manuk-Serua, to high-K calc-alkaline andesites on Nila-Teun-Damar-


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Gunung Api-Romang. Increasing potassium from Banda to Manuk may be related to increasing Benioff Zone depth. Older cordierite dacites (ambonites) on N Ambon must be derived from continental crust, but younger tholeiitic lavas of SW Ambon and Banda may be related to subduction zone dipping S-wards from Seram) Junghuhn, F.W. (1843)- Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der vulkanen in den Indischen Archipel, Eerste afdeeling Java. I. Goenoeng Salak, II Goenoeng Pangerango, III. Goenoeng Gede. Tijdschrift voor Nederlands Indië 1843, 1, p. 97-133 ('Contributions to the history of volcanoes in the Indies Archipelago, First part Java'. Early descriptions of Java volcanoes) Junghuhn, F.W. (1843)- Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der vulkanen in den Indischen Archipel, Eerste afdeeling Java. IV. Tangkoebang Prauw, V. Patoeha, VI. Malabar, VII. Waijang, VIII-IX. Goenoeng Goentoer, X. Kawa Manok, XI. Papandaijang. Tijdschrift voor Nederlands Indie 1843, p. 185-227. (First of four continuations of above) Junghuhn, F.W. (1843)- Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der vulkanen in den Indischen Archipel, Eerste afdeeling Java, XII. Telaga Bodas, XIII, Galoeng Goeng. Tijdschrift voor Nederlands Indie 1843, p. 257-280. Junghuhn, F.W. (1843)- Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der vulkanen in den Indischen Archipel, Eerste afdeeling Java, XIV. Tjerimai. Tijdschrift voor Nederlands Indie 1843, p. 614-626. Junghuhn, F.W. (1843)- Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der vulkanen in den Indischen Archipel, Eerste afdeeling Java, XV. Slamat. Tijdschrift voor Nederlands Indie 1843, p. 745-763. Junghuhn, F.W. (1844)- Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der vulkanen in den Indischen Archipel, Eerste afdeeling Java, XVI Radja Djampangang, XVII. Het gebergte Dieng. Indisch Magazijn 1844, 4-6, p. 41-83 and p. 163176. Junghuhn, F.W. (1844)- Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der vulkanen in den Indischen Archipel, Eerste afdeeling Java, XVIII. Goenoeng Sindoro. Indisch Magazijn 1844, 4-6, p. 287-315. Junghuhn, F.W. (1844)- Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der vulkanen in den Indischen Archipel, Eerste afdeeling Java, XIX. Goenoeng Soembing. Indisch Magazijn 1844, 7-9, p. 64-94. (Final part of 'Contributions to the history of volcanoes in the Indies Archipelago, First part Java'. Gunung Sumbing. Series not completed as originally intended) Justesen, P.Th. (1920)- De Goenoeng Merapi in de Padangse Bovenlanden. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. (2) 37, p. 181-194. ('Mount Merapi in the Padang Highlands') Kaehlig, C.B., A. Wight & C. Smith (1996)- Volcanoes of Indonesia, creators and destroyers. Times Editions, Singapore, 144 p. Kartadinata, M.N., M. Okuno, T. Nakamura & T. Kobayashi (2002)- Eruptive history of Tangkuban Perahu Volcano, West Java, Indonesia: a preliminary report. J. Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 111, 3, p. 404-409. (online at: www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/..) (Tangkuban Perahu volcano, N of Bandung, tephra group divided into two subgroups, Old Tangkuban Perahu (oldest radiometric date ~40,750 years) and Young Tangkuban Perahu (started at ~10,000 BP)) Katili, J.A. & A. Sudradjat (1984)- Galunggung the 1982-1983 eruption. Volcan. Survey Indonesia, p. 1- 102. Katili, J. & A. Sudradjat (1984)- The devastating 1983 eruption of Colo volcano, Una Una island, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. Reg. Conf. Min. Hydrocarbon Res. SE Asia, p. 467-482.


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(Volcanic ash layers in deep-sea sediments of NE Indian Ocean, adjacent to W Indonesian range in age from Late Miocene- Recent. Three provinces: (1) large Late Miocene and younger rhyolitic tephra province off Sumatra; (2) restricted dacitic province off Sunda Strait and W Java; and (3) andesitic province off E Java and Lesser Sunda Islands. Chemical composition of tephra layers in each province remains constant with time. Eward decrease in silica content in tephras coincides with similar decrease in Indonesian arc lavas. High silica content in Sumatra linked to thick pre-Cenozoic crust. E of Sumatra crust is Cenozoic and thin) Ninkovich, D. & W.L. Donn (1976)- Explosive Cenozoic volcanism and climatic implications. Science 194, 4268, p. 899-906. (Study of volcanogenic material in DSDP cores from E and SE Asia. Indonesia Cenozoic magmatic history two major phases: first extended into Early Miocene, second began in Late Miocene and lasted until today) Ninkovich, D. & W.L. Donn (1977)- Cenozoic explosive volcanism related to East and Southeast Asian arcs. In: M. Talwani & W. Pitman (eds.) Island arcs, deep sea trenches and back-arc basins, Amer. Geoph. Union, Maurice Ewing Ser. 1, p. 337-347. Ninkovich, D., R.S.J. Sparks & M.T. Ledbetter (1978)- The exceptional magnitude and intensity of the Toba eruption, Sumatra: an example of the use of deep-sea tephra layers as a geological tool. Bull. Volcanology 41, 3, p. 286-298. (Eruption of Toba, Sumatra, 75,000 yr BP, is largest magnitude Quaternary eruption. Produced largest-known caldera (100 x 30 km), surrounded by rhyolitic ignimbrite covering area of >20,000 km2. Associated deep-sea tephra layer found in piston cores in NE Indian Ocean covering minimum area of 5 M km2. Volume of ignimbrite and distal tephra fall deposit of Toba eruption at least 1000 km3 of dense rhyolitic magma) Oba, N., K. Tomita & M. Yamamoto (1992)- An interpretation of the 1883 cataclysmic eruption of Krakatau from geochemical studies on the partial melting of granite. GeoJournal 28, 2, p. 99-108. (Pumice from 1883 Krakatau eruption very different from other volcanics of Krakatau group, which are tholeiitic. Fragments of granitic rock in pumice flow are similar to W Malayan granites, and must have been captured by magma from underlying complex. Sialic crustal materials may have plunged into depths and partially melted to produce magma of granitic composition and mixed with ascending basaltic magma from upper mantle to produce pumice of dacitic composition) Oba, N., K. Tomita, M. Yamamoto, M. Istidjab, M. Badruddin, M. Parlin, Sadjiman et al. (1983)- Geochemical study of lava flows, ejecta and pyroclastic flows from the Krakatau group, Indonesia. Rept. Fac. Sci. Kagoshima Univ. 16, p. 21-41. Petroeschevsky, W.A. (1949)- A contribution to the knowledge of the Gunung Tambora (Sumbawa). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Amsterdam, 66, p. 688-703. (Description of Tambora volcano on Sumbawa. Considered to be extinct before the great 1815 eruption, which reduced it in height from about 4000m to 2850m, produced about 150 km3 of ash, and directly and indirectly killed 92,000 people) Petroeschevsky, W.A. & T.H.F. Klompe (1950)- Het vulkanologisch onderzoek in Indonesia. In: Kon. Nat. Ver. Indonesia, Een eeuw natuurwetenschap in Indonesia 1850-1950, Vorkink, Bandung, p. 51-70. (‘History of volcanological investigations in Indonesia’, in 'A century of natural sciences in Indonesia 18501950' book)) Pratomo, I. (2006)- Klasifikasi gunung api aktif Indonesia, studi kasus dari beberapa letusan gunung api dalam sejarah. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 1, 4 , p. 209-227. (New classification of Indonesian active volcanoes: Tambora (caldera formation), Merapi (lava dome), Agung (open crater), Papandayan (sector failure), Batur (post-caldera activities), Sangeangapi (lava flows) and Anak Krakatau types (volcano islands and submarine volcano))


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Siswowidjoyo, S., I. Suryo & I. Yokoyama (1995)- Magma eruption rates of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia during one century (1890-1992). Bull. Volcanology 57, 2, p. 111-116. (Magma eruption rates of Merapi volcano rel. constant for last 100 years. Total lava discharged during this period >0.1 km3. Length of magma conduit <10 km) Sitorus, K. (1990)- Volcanic stratigraphy and geochemistry of the Idjen caldera complex, East Java, Indonesia, unpublished, Master Thesis, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand, 148 p. Sitorus, K. (1990)- Stratigrafi dan geokimia kaldera Idjen, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 247-291. ('Stratigraphy and geochemistry of the Idjen caldera, E Java') Situmorang, T. & K.A.S. Astadiredja (1983)- Volkanistratigrafi suatu konsep pemetaan geologi gunungapi Kuarter. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 189-199. ('Volcanostratigraphy, some mapping concepts of the geology of Quaternary volcanoes') Smith, V.C., N.J.G. Pearce, N.E. Matthews, J.A. Westgate, M.D. Petraglia et al. (2011)- Geochemical fingerprinting of the widespread Toba tephra using biotite compositions. Quat. Int. 246, p. 97-104. (Three major tuff eruptions at Toba caldera, N Sumatra: 790 ka- Older Toba Tuff, 500 ka- Middle Toba Tuff, and 74 ka- Younger Toba Tuff. Ash dispersed from India to Malaysia to Indonesia. Composition of biotite can be used to fingerprint deposits of Younger Toba Tuff, which has lower FeO/MgO than older eruptions) Soeria-Atmadja, R., R.C. Maury, H. Bellon & J.L. Joron (1985)- The occurrence of back-arc basalts in Western Indonesia. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 125-132. (Back-arc volcanics, behind Sunda Arc and different composition: primitive basalts resembling basalts from extensional environments. Sukadana in S Sumatra volcanics are Quaternary in age, Karimunjawa in C Java Sea Latest Miocene- Pliocene 6.5- 1.8 Ma) Soeria-Atmadja, R., Y. Sunarya, Sutanto & Hendaryono (2001)- Epithermal gold-copper mineralization, Late Neogene calc-alkaline to potassic calk-alkaline magmatism and crustal extension in the Sunda- Banda arc. In: G.H. Teh et al. (eds.) Proc. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Ann. Geol. Conf., Pangkor 2001, p.39-46. (Majority of gold-copper mineralization along Sunda- Banda arc low-sulphide- epithermal, related to Late Neogene eruptions of fine silicic/acidic pyroclastics of calc-alkaline affinity. Rel. wide distribution of Late Miocene- Pliocene acidic tuffs on Java, possibly related to caldera collapse or graben subsidence ) Soeria-Atmadja, R., S. Suparka, C. Abdullah, D. Noeradi & Sutanto (1998)- Magmatism in western Indonesia, the trapping of the Sumba Block and the gateways to the east of Sundaland. J Asian Earth Sci. 16, 1, p. 1-12. (Similarities in Late Cretaceous-Paleogene stratigraphy and calc-alkaline magmatism between Sumba, S Sulawesi and SE Kalimantan suggest Sundaland origin for all these areas. S-ward migration of Sumba to present fore-arc position is after Late Cretaceous-Paleocene time) Solikhin, A., J.C. Thouret, A. Gupta, A.J.L. Harris & Soo Chin Liew (2011)- Geology, tectonics, and the 2002-2003 eruption of the Semeru volcano, Indonesia: interpreted from high-spatial resolution satellite imagery. Geomorphology 138, 1, p. 364-379. (Structural interpretation of satellite imagery f shows four groups of faults orientated N40, N160, N75, and N105 to N140. Currently active Jonggring-Seloko vent of Semeru composite cone is buttressed against Mahameru edifice at head of large scar that may reflect failure plane at shallow depth and has potential for flank and summit collapse in future) Stauffer, P.H., S. Nishimura & B.C. Batchelor (1980)- Volcanic ash in Malaya from catastrophic eruption of Toba, Sumatra, 30,000 years ago. In: S. Nishimura (ed.) Physical geology of Indonesian island arcs, Kyoto University, p. 156-164.


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Sudrajat, A. & R. Tilling (1984)- Volcanic hazards in Indonesia: the 1982-83 eruption of Galunggung. Episodes 7, 2, p. 13-19. Sukhyar, R. (1982)- Vulkanostratigrafi. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 205-212. Sukhyar, R. (1991)- Chemistry of arc rocks from Dieng, Sundoro and Sumbing volcanic complexes: crustal contamination versus chemical heterogeneity. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 326-339. Sunardi, E. & J. Kimura (1997)- Temporal chemical variations of the late Neogene volcanic rocks around the Bandung Basin, West Java, Indonesia: an inferred timetable resolving the evolutionary history of the upper mantle. J. Min. Petrol. Economic Geol. 93, p. 103-128. Suparka, E., C.I. Abdullah, P. Senjaya, J. Hutabarat, A.I. Kurniawan et al. (2011)- PGA analyses of incompatible B (Boron) trace element of the Quaternary volcanic rocks of the Sunda-Banda Arc: case study volcanic complex Banten area, West Java. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-238, 9 p. Surono, P. Jousset, J. Pallister, M. Boichu, M.F. Buongiorno, A. Budisantoso et al. (2012)- The 2010 explosive eruption of Java's Merapi volcano – a ‘100-year’ event. J. Volcanology Geothermal Res., p. (in press) Suryo, I. & M.C.G. Clarke (1985)- The occurrence and mitigation of volcanic hazards in Indonesia as exemplified at the Mount Merapi, Mount Kelut and Mount Galunggung volcanoes. Quart. J. Engineering Geol. Hydrogeol. 18, 1, p. 79-98. Sutawidjaja, I.G. (2006)- Pertumbuhan gunung api Anak Krakatau setelah letusan katastrofis 1883. J. Geol. Indonesia 1, 3, p. 143-153. (Online at http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20060303.pdf) (Since appearance in 1929, Anak Krakatau Volcano has grown to 315 m high in 2005 (av. 4m/ year). Latest volume measurement in 2000 was 5.52 km3) Sutawidjaja, I.G. (2009)- Ignimbrite analyses of Batur Caldera, Bali, based on 14C dating. J. Geol. Indonesia 4, 3, p. 189-202. (Online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20090304.pdf) (Batur caldera, NE Bali, is 10 x 7.5 km collapse structure with two stages of collapse at 29.3 ka and 20.1 ka, interrupted by silicic andesite welded ignimbrite and domes) Takada, A. (2010)- Caldera-forming eruptions and characteristics of caldera volcanoes in the Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Journal Geol. Soc. Japan 116, 9, p.473-483. (in Japanese, with English abstract) Taverne, N.J.M. (1923)- Vulkanologie in Nederlandsch Indie. De Mijningenieur 4, p. 69-98. Ter Braake, A.L. (1945)- Volcanology in the Netherlands Indies. In: P. Honig & F. Verdoorn (eds.) Science and scientists in the Netherlands Indies, Board for Netherlands Indies, Surinam and Curacao, New York, p. 22-35. (Brief review of active volcanism in Indonesia) Tjia, H.D. (1967)- Volcanic lineaments in the Indonesian island arcs. Bull. Volcanologique 31, p. 85-96. Turner, S. & J. Foden (2001)- U, Th and Ra disequilibria, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope and trace element variations in Sunda arc lavas: predominance of a subducted sediment component. Contr. Mineralogy Petrol. 142, p. 43-57. (Isotope and major and trace element data from 19 lavas along Sunda arc. Lavas range in SiO2 from 49-75%. Important shallow-level contamination by ancient crustal materials in Sumatra. Little evidence for any effect of Australia-Indonesia collision on composition of lavas. Across-arc trends in lava composition indicate increasing relative contribution from subducted sediment)


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Turner, S., J. Foden, R. George, P. Evans, R. Varne, M. Elburg & G. Jenner (2003)- Rates and processes of potassic magma evolution beneath Sangeang Api volcano, East Sunda arc, Indonesia. J. Petrology 44, 3, p. 491516. (online at: http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/3/491.full.pdf+html) (Sangeang Api active volcano at NE side of Flores. High K, silica-undersaturated, with pyroxene xenoliths) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1928)- The first days of the new submarine volcano near Krakatoa. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 2, p. 325-328. (Pictures of ‘birth’ of Anak Krakatoa late December 1927) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1930)- Het vulkaaneiland Oena-Oena (Noord Celebes). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 3, 5, p. 249258. ('The volcanic island Una Una (N Sulawesi)'. Profile is of an 'older' volcano. Erupted in 1898. Typical lahars present. Crater floor flat with lava dome. Some coral growth on submarine slope, but no true reefs) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1931)- The Sibajak volcano (N.E. Sumatra). Zeitschr. Vulkanologie 13, p. 237-244. Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1945)- Different types of island-arcs in the Pacific. The Geogr, J. 106, p. 198-209. (W Pacific- Indonesia island arcs associated with deep continent-ward dipping shear plane and deep trench along outer sides (came very close to characterizing a subduction zone, long before plate tectonic theory was formulated; HvG). Three types island arcs: double arcs (Indonesia), pseudo-single arcs (Kurile-Aleutian) and single (Marianas- Bonin) arcs) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1943)- Register of the localities of volcanic activity in the East Indian Archipelago. Bull. East Indian Volcan. Survey 95-98 (1941), p. 5-14. (Inventory of 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- Report on the volcanic activity and volcanological research in Indonesia during the period 1936-1948. Bull. Volcanologique, ser. 2, 9, 1, p. 3-28. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1971)- Four volcanic outbursts that influenced human history. Toba, Sunda, Merapi and Thera. In: Acta First Int. Scientific Congress on the Volcano of Thera, Archaeological Service of Greece, Athens 1971, p.5-50. Van Bemmelen, R.W. & P. Esenwein (1932)- De liparitische eruptie van den bazaltischen Tanggamoesvulkaan. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 22, p. 33-62 ('The liparitic eruption of the basaltic Tanggamus volcano', S Sumatra) Van Bergen, M.J., R.D. Erfan, T. Sriwana, K. Suharyono, R.P.E. Poorter et al. (1989)- Spatial geochemical variations of arc volcanism around the Banda Sea. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 313-322. (Active volcanoes of E Sunda Arc and Banda Arc 100-250 km above Benioff zone. Wide range of lavas, from are-tholeiitic (low-K) to leucite-bearing (alkaline) suites. Variations along and across arc. For volcanoes with similar distance to Benioff zone potassium and other incompatible elements progressively increase towards collision area near Timor, and close to Timor also increasing with increasing distance to Benioff zone) Van Bergen, M.J., P.Z. Vroon & J.A. Hoogewerff (1993)- Geochemical and tectonic relationships in the east Indonesian arc-continent collision region: implications for the subduction of the Australian passive margin. Tectonophysics 223, 1-2, p. 97-116. (Variations in isotope signatures along E Sunda Arc show maximum magma source contamination near extinct sector N of Timor. Increasing contribution of subducted continental material in direction of collision. Leading part of Australian continental margin reached magma generation zone in E Sunda- W Banda arc, implying subduction deeper than 100 km) Van Bergen, M.J., P.Z. Vroon, J.C. Varekamp & R.P.E. Poorter, (1992)- The origin of the potassic rock suite from Batu Tara volcano (East Sunda arc, Indonesia). Lithos 28, 3-6, p. 261-282.


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Van Es, L.J.C. & N.J.M. Taverne (1924)- De Galoenggoeng en Telaga Bodas. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Vulkan. Meded. 6, p. 1-63. (Description of Galunggung volcano and Telaga Bodas, W Java) Van Gerven, M. & H. Pichler (1995)- Some aspects of the volcanology and geochemistry of the Tengger caldera, Java, Indonesia: eruption of a K-rich tholeiitic series. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, 2, p. 125-133. (Tengger Caldera volcanics medium to high-K tholeiitic andesites and basaltic andesites) Van Rummelen, F.F.F.E. & Raden R. Hardjosoesastro (1952)- The mineralogical background of the ash distribution of the Gunung Kelud in connection with the geomorphology of Java (Indonesia). J. Scient.Res. 11, 8-9, p. 178-183. (Distributions and composition of ash from 1901, 1919 and 1951 eruptions of of Kelud volcano, E Java) Van Tongeren W. (1938)- Contributions to the knowledge of the chemical composition of the earth's crust in the East Indian Archipelago. I. The spectrographic determination of the elements according to arc methods in the range 3600-5000A., II. On the occurrence of rarer elements in the Netherlands East Indies. Doct. Thesis University of Utrecht, Centen, Amsterdam, 181 p. Varekamp, J. C., M.J. Van Bergen, P.Z. Vroon, R.P.E. Poorter, A.D Wirakusumah, R. Erfan, K. Suharyono & T. Sriwana (1989)- Volcanism and tectonics in the Eastern Sunda Arc, Indonesia. In: Proc. Snellius II Symposium, Jakarta 1987, Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, p. 303-312. (Four segments distinguished by Sr isotopes in Java-Sunda-Banda volcanic arc. Adonara-Pantar segment between Flores and Alor studied here, transition between W Banda Arc volcanics (in E) with clear ‘continental’ signature and Sunda Arc volcanics (in W) with little evidence of subduction of continental material) Varne, R. & J.D. Foden (1986)- Geochemical and isotopic systematics of Eastern Sunda Arc volcanics: implications for mantle sources and mantle mixing processes. In: F.C. Wezel (ed.) The origin of arcs, Developments in Geotectonics 21, Elsevier, p. 159-189. Verbeek, R.D.M. (1885-1886)- Krakatau. Landsdrukkerij, Batavia, Vol. I (p. 1-104) and II (p. 105-567). (Famous report on 1883 Krakatoa eruption and its effects) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1925)- De vulkanische erupties in Oost-Java in het laatst der 16de eeuw. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 7, 3, p. 149-200. ('The volcanic eruptions in East Java at the end of the 16th century'. Observations from historic ship records, etc.) Verstappen, H.Th. (1963)- Geomorphological observations on Indonesian volcanoes. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. (2), 80, 3, p. 237-251. Verstappen, H.Th. (2000)- Volcanic islands. In: A. Gupta (ed.) The physical geography of Southeast Asia, Oxford University Press, p. 142-156. Voight, B, E.K. Constantine, S. Siswowidjoyo & R. Torley (2000)- Historical eruptions of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia, 1768-1998. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.100, p.69-138. Vroon, P.Z. (1992)- Subduction of continental margin material in the Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia. Sr-Nd-Pb isotope and trace-element evidence from volcanics and sediments. Ph.D. Thesis University of Utrecht, Geol. Ultraiectina 90, 205 p. (Composition of samples from 7 volcanoes along Banda Arc suggests subducted continental sedimentary material in magma increases from <1% inNE to 5-10% in SW)


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Vroon, P.Z., D. Lowry, M.J. van Bergen, A.J. Boyce & D.P. Mattey (2001)- Oxygen isotope systematics of the Banda Arc: low d18O despite involvement of subducted continental material in magma genesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65, 4, p. 589-609. (Oxygen isotope data for 60 volcanic rocks and 15 sediments along entire Banda Arc. Generally low d18O values (excluding Serua, Ambon) compatible with 1-5% addition of subducted continental material to depleted MORB-type source in sub-arc mantle. Assimilation of up to 20% and 80% arc-crust material thought to be cause of high d18 O values of Serua and Ambon) Vroon, P.Z., M.J. van Bergen & E.J. Forde (1996)- Pb and Nd isotope constraints on the provenance of tectonically dispersed continental fragments in East Indonesia. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 106, p. 445-453. (Pb-Nd isotopes of igneous rocks on microcontinents are indicators of provenance: Ambon-Seram= S. New Guinea, Bacan = N Australia or W New Guinea, Banda Ridges= Pacific New Guinea, Sumba = Sundaland) Vroon, P.Z., M.J. van Bergen, G.J. Klaver & W.M. White (1995)- Strontium, Neodymium and lead isotopic and trace-element signatures of the East Indonesian sediments: provenance, and implications for Banda Arc magma genesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 12, p. 2573- 2598. (Trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes show 4 major provenance areas: N New Guinea + Seram, S New Guinea, Timor, North Australia) Vroon, P.Z., M.J. van Bergen, W.M. White & J.C. Varekamp (1993)- Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systematics of the Banda Arc, Indonesia: combined subduction and assimilation of continental material. J. Geophys. Res. 98, B12, p. 22349- 22366. (Isotope datas for six active and one extinct volcano over Banda Arc. Rock types low-K tholeiitic in NE, high-K calc-alkaline in SW. Volcanoes in NE ‘normal’ arc signatures, in SW extreme values. Evidence for contribution of subducted continent-derived material to magma sources. Addition of 0.1-2% local sediment in NE Banda arc, and 1-3% in SW Banda Arc to Indian Ocean MORB source explain isotope trends. Serua and Romang require >5% sediment) Vukadinovic, D. (1995)- High-field-strength elements in Javanese arc basalts and chemical layering in the mantle wedge. Mineral. Petrol. 55, 4, p. 293-308. (Quaternary basalts from Java-Bali sector of Sunda Arc show increase in high-field-strength elements with increase of depth to Benioff zone, consistent with progressively enriched mantle wedge with depth) Vukadinovic, D. & I.A. Nicholls (1989)- The petrogenesis of island arc basalts from Gunung Slamet volcano, Indonesia: trace elements and 87Sr/ 86Sr constraints. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 9, p. 2349-2363. Vukadinovic, D. & I. Sutawidjaja (1995)- Geology, mineralogy and magma evolution of Gunung Slamet volcano, Java, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, 2, p. 135-164. (Slamet two large overlapping Quaternary stratocones. Basaltic andesites and andesites with rare basalts, dominate the W (Slamet Tua), basalts and basaltic andesites compose East cone (Slamet Muda). Westerveld, J. (1954)- Radioactivity and chemistry of some Indonesian eruptive rocks. Verhand. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Ser. 1, 20, 4, p. 1-52. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00010947.pdf) (Four Mesozoic- Tertiary concentric belts of fold structures and plutonic rocks in Indonesia, connecting Burma with Philippines, each with own types of plutonic rocks and ore deposits: (1) Jurassic Malayan orogen of Malay Peninsula, Tin islands, possibly W, SW and C Kalimantan; (2) Late Cretaceous Sumatra orogen of Sumatra, C Java, Meratus; (3) M Miocene Soenda orogen (should be E Miocene; "Old Andesites'; HvG) of SW Sumatra, Java S Mountains, volcanic Lesser Sunda islands) and (4) the active Moluccan orogen. Late Quaternary volcanics two groups, 'Pacific' calc-alkaline and 'Mediteranean' potassic. Analyzed 157 samples for radioactivity and bulk chemical composition. Mesozoic granites from Tin islands very different petrochemistry from Kalimantan (Schwaner Mts, etc.) granites)


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Wheller, G.E. & R. Varne (1986)- Genesis of dacitic magmatism at Batur volcano, Bali, Indonesia: Implications for the origin of stratovolcano calderas. J. Volcan. Geothermal Res. 28, p. 363-378. Wheller, G.E., R. Varne, J.D. Foden & M.J. Abbott (1987)- Geochemistry of Quaternary volcanism in the Sunda- Banda arc, Indonesia, and three-component genesis of island-arc basaltic magmas. J. Volc. Geoth. Res. 32, 1-3, p. 137-160. (Excluding Sumatra and Wetar (mainly dacitic and rhyolitic volcanics), four geochemical arc sectors in SundaBanda arc: W Java, Bali, Flores (each more K-rich eastwards, culminating in leucitite volcanoes Muriah, Soromundi and Sangenges) and Batu Tara. Dominant source component common to all sectors probably peridotitic mantle. Second component, with high 87Sr/86Sr value, may be crustal material, most apparent in Banda sector, but also present to lesser extents in W Java and Flores sectors) Whitford, D.J. (1975)- Strontium isotopic studies of the volcanic rocks of the Sunda arc, Indonesia, and their petrogenetic implications. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 39, p. 1287-1302. Whitford, D.J., W. Compston, I.A. Nicholls & M.J. Abbott (1977)- Geochemistry of Late Cenozoic lavas from Eastern Indonesia: role of subducted sediments in petrogenesis. Geology 5, p. 571-575. (Late Cenozoic basalts N of Timor from Solor to Serua primitive tholeiitic, but associated more silicic rocks suggest involvement of continental crust or sediment) Whitford, D.J. & P.A. Jezek (1979)- Origin of Late Cenozoic lavas from the Banda arc, Indonesia: trace element and Sr isotope evidence. Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 68, p. 141-150. (Active arc located on what appears to be oceanic crust whereas associated subduction trench is underlain by continental crust. Recent lavas predominantly andesitic, tholeiitic in N to calc-alkaline varieties in S islands. High 87Sr/86Sr ratios in calc-alkaline lavas interpreted to result from mixing of a sialic component with mantle derived component. Likely cause is subduction and melting of sea-floor sediments or continental crust) Whitford, D.J. & P.A. Jezek (1982)- Isotopic constraints on the role of subducted sialic material in Indonesian island-arc magmatism. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 93, 6, p. 504-513. Whitford, D.J. & I.A. Nicholls (1975)- Geochemistry of the volcanic rocks of the Sunda island arc of Indonesia. Explor. Geoph. 6, p. 76-77. (Sunda volcanic arc from N of Sumatra, through Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands, after which becomes Banda arc. Variety of tectonic environments. Sumatra crust ~40 km thick with Palaeozoic granites. Benioff zone only to ~200 km. Beneath Java crust thinner and younger; oldest exposed rocks Mesozoic, and Benioff zone to ~600km beneath Java Sea to N. Further E, crust thinner (~15 km), oceanic in velocity structure and Benioff zone to great depths) Whitford, D.J. & I. A. Nicholls (1976)- Potassium variation in lavas across the Sunda arc in Java and Bali. In: R.W. Johnson (ed.) Volcanism in Australasia. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 63-75. Whitford, D.J., I. A. Nicholls & S.R. Taylor (1979)- Spatial variations in the geochemistry of Quaternary lavas across the Sunda Arc in Java and Bali. Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 70, p. 341-356. Whitford, D.J. & W.M. White (1981)- Neodymium isotopic composition of Quaternary island arc lavas from Indonesia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, p. 989-995. Wichmann, C.E.A. (1918)- Over de vulkanen van het eiland Tidore (Molukken). Verslagen Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam 27, 9p. ('On the volcanoes of Tidore island (Moluccas)') Willems, H.W.V. (1939)- Over de magmatische provincien in Nederlandsch Oost-Indien. Geol. Mijnbouw 1, 3, p. 47-55. (‘On the magmatic provinces in the Netherlands East Indies’. Not overly useful)


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Willems, H.W.V. (1940)- On the magmatic provinces in the Netherlands East Indies. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Genootschap, Geol. Ser.12, 3, p. 289-477. (Mainly listing of chemical analyses of 1220 vocanic rock samples) Williams, M.A.J., S.H. Ambrose, S. van der Kaars, C. Ruehlemann, U. Chattopadhyaya, J. Pal & P.R. Chauhan (2009)- Environmental impact of the 73 ka Toba super-eruption in South Asia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 284, p. 295-314. Willumsen, P. (1997)- Krakatau, events and geology, a practical guide to Krakatau and surroundings. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, 1-73. Wing Easton, N. (1929)- Volcanic science in past and present. In: L.M.R. Rutten (ed.) Science in the Netherlands Indies, Koninkl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, p. 80-100. (Brief overview of volcano studies in Indonesia until 1929) Wirakusumah, A.D. (1993)- Geology of and magma mixing process at Mt. Kelut, East Java. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 25-34. Wirakusumah, A. D., H. Juwarna & H. Loebis (1983)- The geological map of Merapi Volcano, Central Java. Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, Bandung. Yokoyama, I. (1981)- A geophysical interpretation of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. J. Volcan. Geothermal Res. 9, p. 359-378. Yokoyama, I. & S. Siswowidjojo (1970)- A gravity survey on and around Batur Caldera, Bali. Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. 48, p. 317-329. Zaennudin, A. (2010)- The characteristic of eruption of Indonesian active volcanoes in the last four decades. J. Lingkungan Bencana Geol. 1, 2, p. 113-129. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/287) (Indonesia has 129 active volcanoes (~ 13% of world). Three types: Type A (79) with recorded eruption since 1600; Type B (29) with solfataric and or fumarolic activity and crater; Type C (21) in solfataric stage, but volcanic edifice not clear) Zen, M.T. (1964)- The volcanic calamity in Bali in 1963. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 81, p. 92-100. Zen, M.T. (1971)- Geothermal system of the Dieng-Batur volcanic complex. Inst. Tekn. Bandung J. Science 6, 1, p. 23-38. (Geothermal system of eastern Dieng volcanic complex, C Java, originated through intersection of two major fracture zones. Geothermal system is system of hot water and steam rather than dry steam only) Zulkarnain, I. (2003)- Petrographic evidence for magma mixing beneath the Krakatau volcano and its implication for eruption magnitude and its mechanism. RISET Geologi dan Pertambangan 14, 1, p. 1-11.


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I.4. Modern environments, Oceanography Ahmad, S.M., F. Guichard, K. Hardjawidjaksana, M.K. Adisaputra & L.D. Labeyrie (1995)- Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the Banda Sea. Marine Geol. 122, p. 385-397. (Oxygen and carbon isotopes of benthic (Uvigerina, Cibicidoides) and planktonic (Gs. ruber) foraminifera from Banda Sea deep-sea over last 180 kyr indicate increase in Banda surface and deep water salinity during glacial conditions. Planktonic data influenced by precession (23 kyr periodicity) while benthic values reflect intermediate Pacific water fluctuations. Banda Sea records indicate general good ventilation. Deepening of lysocline resulted in higher carbonate content during glacial periods, similar to N Pacific) Alongi, D.M., L.A. Trott, F. Tirendi, A.D. McKinnon & M.C. Undu (2008)- Growth and development of mangrove forests overlying smothered coral reefs, Sulawesi and Sumatra, Indonesia. Marine Ecol. Progress Ser. 370, p. 97-109. Andersson, H.C. & A. Stigebrandt (2005)- Regulation of the Indonesian Throughflow by baroclinic draining of the North Australian Basin. Deep Sea Res. I, 52, 12, p. 2214-2233. (Mainly low-saline N Pacific water fills upper part of Indonesian seas and downstream buoyant (surface) pool (DBP) that stretches over large part of N Australian Basin. Long-term mean steric sea level in Indonesian seas approximately horizontal and equal to neighboring Pacific Ocean sea level. Change of steric sea level from Pacific to Indian Ocean sea level at border between DBP and Indian Ocean. Darwin situated inside DBP. Control of ITF set by baroclinic transport capacity of DBP relative to adjacent (Indian Ocean) water. Mean ITF, estimated as outflow from DBP to South Equatorial Current, is about 10 Sv. ITF imprint is fresh and cold. Atmospheric transfer of freshwater to N Pacific and vertical mixing in N Pacific provide driving of mean ITF and ITF is major branch of the estuarine-type vertical circulation of N Pacific) Andruleit, H. (2007)- Status of the Java upwelling area (Indian Ocean) during the oligotrophic northern hemisphere winter monsoon season as revealed by coccolithophores. Marine Micropal. 64, 1-2, p. 36-51. (Coccolithophores used as sindicators for present-day functioning of Java upwelling) Andruleit, H., A. Luckge, M. Wiedicke & S. Stager (2008)- Late Quaternary development of the Java upwelling system (eastern Indian Ocean) as revealed by coccolithophores. Marine Micropal. 69, 1, p. 3-15. Arifin, S.R.D. (1996)- Studi paleosalinitas perairan Indonesia sejak Glasial Maksimum terakhir sampai Resen. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 148-159. ('Study of paleosalinity of Indonesian waters from the Last Glacial Maximum until Recent) Arp, G., A. Reimer & J. Reitner (2003)- Microbialite formation in seawater of increased alkalinity, Satonda Crater Lake, Indonesia: J. Sedim. Res. 73, p. 105-127. (Crater lake of Satonda small volcanic island, 3 km NW of Sumbawa, with red-algal microbial reefs in marinederived water of increased alkalinity. Potential analogue for ancient microbialites in open-marine facies) Bachtiar, A., M. Reza, A. Krisyunianto & Y.S. Purnama (2011)- Sedimentology of Kalianyar Delta, Indramayu, Northwest Java basin: uniques tidal and wave interaction in a supposedly river dominated delta. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-470, 15p. (Kalianyar Delta modern delta on N coast of Indramayu, NW Java. Morphologically classified as riverdominated 'bird-foot' delta, but field survey common influence of wave and tidal processes) Bachtiar, A., J. Wiyono, Liyanto, M. Syaiful, Y. S. Purnama et al. (2010)- The dynamic of Mahakam Delta components based on spatial and temporal variations of grab samples, cores, and salinity. Proc. HAGI-SEG Int. Geosciences Conf., Bali 2010, IGCE10-OP-009, 10p. (Modern Mahakam delta sediments study. Most channel thalwegs devoid of sands; grab samples usually found semi-consolidated clay instead. Active sand transportation and deposition on slopes of point bars and side bars. Shallow cores in lower delta plain generally characterized by clay drapes, suggesting tidal processes)


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(Partial closing of Indonesian Gateway between 4-3 Ma supposedly triggered switch in source of waters feeding Indonesian Throughflow into Indian Ocean from warm- salty S Pacific water to cool and relatively fresh N Pacific Ocean waters. Planktonic foraminifera suggest surface conditions in E tropical Indian Ocean rel. stable from 5.5- 2 Ma, but subsurface waters freshened and cooled by about 4°C between 3.5- 2.95 Ma. Restriction of Indonesian Gateway led to cooling and shoaling of thermocline in tropical Indian Ocean) Karas, C., D. Nurnberg, R. Tiedemann & D. Garbe-Schonberg (2011)- Pliocene Indonesian Throughflow and Leeuwin Current dynamics: implications for Indian Ocean polar heat flux. Paleoceanography 26, PA2217, p. Kawamura, H, A. Holbourn & W. Kuhnt (2006)- Climate variability and land-ocean interactions in the Indo Pacific Warm Pool: a 460-ka palynological and organic geochemical record from the Timor Sea. Marine Micropal. 59, 1, p. 1-14. (Climatic conditions in W Timor Sea and adjacent NW Australia reconstructed for last 460 ka from IMAGES Core MD01-2378. Reduced precipitation and elevated productivity characterize glacial stages. Long-term reduction in precipitation over last 320 ka in two steps at ~300 ka and 180 ka BP. Paleoproductivity and paleoclimate appear to be related to precession-controlled Australian monsoon system) Kazmierczak, J. & S. Kempe (1993)- Recent cyanobacterial counterparts of Paleozoic Wetheredella and related problematic fossils. Palaios 7, p. 294-304. (Recent calcareous structures resembling stromatolites generated by cyanobacteria in alkaline crater lake of small Satonda island, N of Sumbawa) Kempe, S. & J. Kazmierczak (1993)- Satonda crater lake, Indonesia: hydrogeochemistry and biocarbonates. Facies 28, p. 1-32. (Recent calcareous structures resembling stromatolites in crater lake of small Satonda island, N of Sumbawa) Kennett, J.P., G. Keller & M.S. Srinivasan (1985)- Miocene planktonic foraminiferal biogeography and paleoceanographic development of the Indo-Pacific region. In: J.P. Kennett et al. (eds.) The Miocene Ocean: paleogeography and biogeography, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am. 163, p. 197-236. Koopmans, B.N. (1972)- Sedimentation in the Kelantan delta (Malaysia). Sedimentary Geol. 7, 1, p. 65-84. (Kelantan River (Malay Peninsula) flows into the S China Sea through two main channels. Mouth of river has gradually shifted W under influence of beach drift generated by NE monsoon) Koopmans B.N. & P.H. Stauffer (1968)- Glacial phenomena on Mount Kinabalu, Sabah. Malaysian Geol. Survey Bull. 8, p. 25-35. (Summit and higher flanks of Mt. Kinabalu (elev. 4100m) glaciated, with ice cap of ~5.4 km2, in Pleistocene until about 10,000 years ago) Krebs, U., W. Park & B. Schneider (2011)- Pliocene aridification of Australia caused by tectonically induced weakening of the Indonesian throughflow. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 309, p. 111-117. (Climate model to test response of climate to E-M-Pliocene tectonic changes, which constricted and uplifted passages between New Guinea and Sulawesi. Associated changes in Indonesian throughflow influenced amount of heat transported from Pacific to Indian Ocean and contributed to Pliocene climate change of Indo-Pacific) Kuenen, P.H. (1939)- Sediments of the East Indian Archipelago. In: P.D. Trask (ed.) Recent marine sediments, AAPG Symposium, p. 348-355. Kuenen, P.H. (1942)- Bottom samples, Section I: Collecting of the samples and some general aspects. In: The Snellius Expedition in the eastern part of the Netherlands East Indies (1929-1930), 5. Geological Results, 3, 1, Brill, Leiden, p. 1-46. Kuenen, P.H. (1948)- Influence of the earth's rotation on ventilation currents of the Moluccan deep-sea basins. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 51, 4, p. 417-426.


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(online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018509.pdf) (Oxygen content of bottom water suggests currents ventilating Celebes Sea- Banda Sea deep-sea basins deflected by Coriolis force. N of equator the currènts are forced to right, S of equator to left) Kuenen, P.H. (1950)- Marine Geology. John Wiley, New York, 568 p. (General marine geology text with many examples from Indonesian waters. Including discussions of ancient river courses on Sunda Shelf, etc.) Kuhnt, W., A. Holbourn, R. Hall, M. Zuvela & R. Kase (2004)- Neogene history of the Indonesian Throughflow. In: P. Clift et al. (eds.) Continent-ocean interactions within East Asian marginal seas, AGU Geophys. Mon. Ser. 149, p. 299-318. Kusnida, D. (2009)- Occurrence of phillipsite mineral in sub-seafloor of Roo Rise- Indian Ocean: a tectonic erosion synthesis. Indonesian Mining J. 12, 13, p. 23-27. Lee, T., I. Fukumori, D. Menemenlis et al. (2002)- Effects of Indonesian Throughflow on the Pacific and Indian Oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 32, p. 1404-1429. Li, Q., B. Li, G. Zhong, B. McGowran, Z. Zhou, J. Wang & P. Wang (2006)- Late Miocene development of the western Pacific warm pool: planktonic foraminifer and oxygen isotopic evidence. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 237, p. 465-482. (Disappearance at ~10 Ma of Globoquadrina dehiscens from W Pacific and S China Sea, increase in warmwater species, decrease in deepwater species and evidence of sea surface warming and deepened local thermocline interpreted as early development of W Pacific warm pool. Late Miocene warm pool became paleobiologically detectable from ~10 Ma, but modern warm pool did not appear until ~4 Ma, in M Pliocene) Linsley. B.K. (1991)- Carbonate sedimentation in the Sulu Sea linked to the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, 2.4 Ma. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Res. 124, p. 375-378. Linsley, B.K., R.C. Thunell, C. Morgan & D.F. Williams (1985)- Oxygen minimum expansion in the Sulu Sea, western equatorial Pacific, during the last glacial low stand of sea level, Marine Micropal. 9, p. 395–418. (Sulu Sea deep silled, dysaerobic basin, ventilated through single sill at 420m depth to China Sea. Increase in Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and relatively light planktonic foraminiferal d18 O values suggest reduced surface water salinities during last glacial maximum. Expansion of mid-water oxygen minimum layer and increased organic carbon preservation at mid-water depths at this time. Below 4000 m, bottom waters maintained some degree of oxygenation during last glacial maximum) Liu, Z., H. Wang, W.S. Hantoro, E. Sathiamurthy, C. Colin, Y. Zhao & J. Li (2012)- Climatic and tectonic controls on chemical weathering in tropical Southeast Asia (Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra). Chemical Geol. 291, p. 1-12. (Clay mineralogy and major-element geochemistry investigated on 58 surface sediment samples in 27 rivers draining Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra. High kaolinite contents in Malay Peninsula (av. 80%), Sumatra (58-78%), and S Borneo (41-55%), high illite in N Borneo (47-77%), moderate smectite in Sumatra (629%). Intensive chemical weathering in all three investigated regions, increasing from N Borneo to S Borneo, and further to Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Monsoon climate with constant warm temperature and abundant precipitation principal forcing factor on chemical weathering) Martınez, J.I., P. De Deckker & T.T. Barrows (1999)- Palaeoceanography of the last glacial maximum in the eastern Indian Ocean: planktonic foraminiferal evidence. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 147, p.73-99. Meyers, G. (1996)- Variations of Indonesian Throughflow and ENSO. J. Geophys. Res. 101 (C5), p. 1225512263.


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Meyers, G., R. Bailey & A. Worby (1995)- Volume transport of Indonesian throughflow. Deep-Sea Res. 42, 7, p. 1163-1174. Milliman, J.D. (1995)- Sediment discharge to the ocean from small mountainous rivers: the New Guinea example. Geo-Marine Letters 15, p. 127-133. Milliman, J.D., K.L. Farnsworth & C.S. Albertin (1999)- Flux and fate of fluvial sediments leaving large islands in the East Indies. J. Sea Research 41, 1-2, p. 97-107. (Rivers on Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Timor and New Guinea relatively high sediment discharge: these six islands only 2% of land area draining into global ocean,but may be responsible for 20-25% of sediment export) Mohtadi, M., L. Max, D. Hebbeln, A. Baumgart, N. Kruck, T. Jennerjahn (2007)- Modern environmental conditions recorded in surface sediment samples off W and SW Indonesia: planktonic foraminifera and biogenic compounds analyses. Marine Micropal. 65, p. 96-112. (Study of planktonic foraniifera in surface sediment samples from fore-arc basins W and SW of Indonesian Archipelago. Present-day oceanography and marine productivity are reflected in tropical to subtropical and upwelling assemblages of planktonic foraminifera in the surface sediments) Molcard, R., M. Fieux & A.G. Ilahude (1996)- The Indo-Pacific throughflow in the Timor Passage. J. Geophys. Res. 101, p. 12411-12420. Molcard, R.M., M. Fieux & F. Syamsudin (2001)- The throughflow within Ombai Strait. Deep-Sea Res. 48, p. 1237-1253. Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1921)- Modern deep-sea research in the East Indian archipelago. Geographic J. 57, 2, p. 95-121. (Overview of oceanographic work in Indonesia, deep sea basins bathymetry, Sunda shelf seas with drowned river systems and barrier reefs, etc.) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1922)- Geologie. In: De zeeen van Nederlandsch Oost Indie, Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Brill, Leiden, Chapter 6, p. 272-357. (Early overview of morphology and bottom sediments of Indonesian Seas, distribution of coral reefs, etc.) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1930)- The recent sediments in the seas of the East Indian Archipelago with a short discussion of those seas in former geological periods. Proc. Fourth Pacific Science Congr., Java 1929, IIA, p. 989-1021. Morey, S.L., J.F. Shriver & J.J. O'Brien (1999)- The effects of Halmahera on the Indonesian throughflow. J. Geoph. Res. 104, C10, p. 23281-23296. (Modeling of throughflow. Predominantt throughflow pathway North Pacific (NP) water traveling through Celebes Sea, Makassar Strait, Flores Sea, and to Indian Ocean through Timor, Savu, and Lombok Straits Halmahera prevents flow of South Pacific (SP) water into Celebes Sea and diverts some SP water S-ward through Seram and Banda Seas) Murgese, D.S. & P. De Deckker (2007)- The Late Quaternary evolution of water masses in the eastern Indian Ocean between Australia and Indonesia, based on benthic foraminifera faunal and carbon isotopes analyses. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol., 247, p.382-401. (Paleoceanographic evolution of E Indian Ocean At 60-35 kyr BP (ka) higher productivity than today at Banda Sea surface. Last Glacial Maximum reduction of deep-water circulation in E Indian Ocean, with more active circulation at intermediate depths. At 15-5 ka reduction in productivity over Banda Sea related to increased atmospheric precipitation with low-salinity water cap. From 5 ka- Present: W Australian coast increased influence of oxygen-depleted Indonesian Intermediate Water)


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Murgese, D.S. & P. De Deckker, M.I. Spooner & M. Young (2007)- A 35,000 year record of changes in the eastern Indian Ocean offshore Sumatra. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol., 265, p. 195-213. (Core in 2034m of water off S Sumatra. Micropalaeontological proxies used to reconstruct conditions over last 35,000 years. Marine isotopic stage 3 sharper thermocline than today, shallower and absence of low-salinity ‘barrier layer’ from high monsoonal rains. Deglaciation marked by change in surface salinity and progressive alteration of thermocline with less productive deep chlorophyll maximum. Monsoonal activity commenced around 15 ky. Holocene marked by increase in river discharge to ocean, pulsed by delivery of organic matter to sea floor. No obvious and persistent upwelling conditions off Sumatra for last 35,000 years) Murray, S.P. & D. Arief (1988)- Throughflow into the Indian Ocean through the Lombok Strait, January 1985January 1986. Nature 333, p. 444-447. (Current meter observations support existence of large throughflow of elevated temperature/ depressed salinity of water, which has critical role in heat and freshwater balance of the Indian Ocean) Murray, S.P., D. Arief & J.C. Kindle (1990)- Characteristics of circulation in an Indonesian archipelago strait from hydrography, current measurements and modeling results. In: L. Pratt (ed.) The physical oceanography of sea straits, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 3-23. Naber, S.P., G.F. Tydeman, W.E. Ringer et al. (1922) De zeeen van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie. Koninklijk Nederl. Aardijkskundig Genootschap, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 506 p. (‘The seas of Netherlands East Indies’. Includes chapter on geology by Molengraaff) Nathan, S.A. & R.M. Leckie (2003)- The Western Pacific warm pool: a probe of global sea level change and Indonesian Seaway closure during the Middle to Late Miocene, AAPG Ann. Conv., Salt Lake City, 6p. (Online abstract at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/abstracts/annual2003/extend/77605.PDF) (Development of West Pacific Warm Pool linked with restriction of surface water flow through Indonesian Seaway. Preliminary results suggest Seaway narrowed during Middle to Late Miocene, ~11.5- 8.5 Ma) Nathan, S.A. & R.M. Leckie (2009)- Early history of the Western Pacific Warm Pool during the Middle to Late Miocene (~13.2- 5.8 Ma): role of sea-level change and implications for equatorial circulation. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 274, p. 140-159. (A“proto-warm pool” suggested at ODP Site 806, W Equatorial Pacific, between 13.2-5.8 Ma by planktonic foraminifera isotope ratios and census data. Caused by progressive tectonic constriction of Indonesian Seaway and modulated by sea level fluctuations. Two-step proto-warm pool development: ~ 11.6-10 Ma, coinciding with Miocene isotope events Mi5 and Mi6 and sea-level low stands. Proto-warm pool weakening after ~ 10 Ma. Resurgence of later proto-warm pool at ~ 6.5-6.1 Ma) Neeb, G.A.A. (1942)- Bottom samples, Section II: The composition and distribution of the samples. In: The Snellius Expedition in the eastern part of the Netherlands East Indies (1929-1930), 5. Geological Results, 3, 1, Brill, Leiden, p. 55-268. Nguyen, V.L., T.K.O. Ta & M. Tateishi (2000)- Late Holocene depositional environments and coastal evolution of the Mekong River Delta, Southern Vietnam. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, 4, p. 427-439. (Mekong River Delta is tide-dominated delta, with mainly fine grained sediments. At 6000- 5000 yr BP Holocene transgression created Late Pleistocene terrace in N parts of delta and marine erosion at 4.5 and 2.5 m above present sea level. Over last 4550 yrs fast progradation produced delta plain of 62,520 km2) Nummedal, D., F.H. Sidi & H.W. Posamentier (2003)- A framework for deltas in Southeast Asia. In: F.H. Sidi et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia; sedimentology, stratigraphy, and petroleum geology, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 76, p. 5-17. Page, S.E., J.O. Rieley & R. Wust (2006)- Lowland tropical peatlands of Southeast Asia. In: I.P. Martini et al. (eds.) Peatlands; evolution and records of environmental and climate changes, Elsevier, Developments in Earth Surface Processes 9, p. 145-172.


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Pariwono, J.I., A.G. Ilahude & M. Hutomo (2005)- Progress in oceanography of the Indonesian seas. A historical perspective. Oceanography 18, 4, p. 42-49. (Brief history of oceanography research in Indonesia) Payenberg, T.H.D., S.C. Lang & B. Wibowo (2003)- Discriminating fluvial from deltaic channels- examples from Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-16. (Fluvial channel reservoirs most commonly meander pointbars or braided sheets. Deltaic distributary channel reservoirs typically elongate sandy channel sidebars attached to straight channel walls. Deltaic distributary channels usually thinner and shallower than fluvial channel belts, and not thicker than their depositional mouthbars. Width-thickness ratios for fluvial distributary channel reservoirs average 50:1, meandering fluvial channel reservoirs have width-thickness ratios typically >100:1, braided river reservoirs 500:1 or higher) Postma, H. & W.G. Mook (1988)- The transport of water through the East Indonesian deep sea water. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 22, p. 373-381. (Overall flow of deep water from Pacific to Indian Ocean flushes deep E Indonesian basins) Prentice, M.L., G.S. Hope, K. Maryunani & J.A. Peterson (2005)- An evaluation of snowline data across New Guinea during the last major glaciation, and area-based glacier snowlines in the Mt. Jaya region of Papua, Indonesia, during the last glacial maximum. In: S.P. Harrison (ed.) Snowlines at the last glacial maximum and tropical cooling. Quaternary Int. 138-139, p. 93-117. (Data from Puncak Jaya show Last Glacial Maximum glaciation less extensive than previously thought) Proske, U., T.J.J Hanebuth, J Groger & B.P. Diem (2011) Late Holocene sedimentary and environmental development of the northern Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. Quatern. Int. 230, p. 57-66. Qu, T., J. Strachan, G. Meyers & J. Slingo (2005)- Sea surface temperature and its variability in the Indonesian region. Oceanography 18, 4, p. 50-61. Qu, T., H. Mitsudera and T. Yamagata (2000)- Intrusion of the North Pacific waters into the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 105, p. 6415-6424. Ranawijaya, D., Y. Noviadi, E. Usman, N. Kristanto, N. Sutisna, J. Widodo & Wardhana (2000)- Progradationretrogradation of Mahakam Delta since Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 4, p. 137-148. Ray, R.D., G.D. Egbert & S.Y. Erofeeva (2005)- A brief overview of tides in the Indonesian seas. Oceanography 18, 4, p. 74-79. Rimbaman, I. (1992)- The role of sea-level changes on the coastal environment of northern West Java (case study of Eretan, Losarang and Indramayu). J. SE Asian Earth Sci. 7, 1, p. 71-77. Salahuddin (2011)- The relic fluvial-dominated morphology of Mahakam Delta. Berita Sediment. 21, FOSIIAGI, p. 5-8. (Online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/files/2011/06/FOSI_BeritaSedimentologi_BS-21_June2011_Final.pdf) (Mahakam Delta fluvial-dominated morphology not result of present-day processes, but reflects phase of fluvial-dominant progradation before present-day subsidence and transgression) Sato, K., M. Oda, S. Chiyonobu, K. Kimoto, H. Domitsu & J.C. Ingle (2008)- Establishment of the western Pacific warm pool during the Pliocene: evidence from planktic foraminifera, oxygen isotopes and Mg/Ca ratios. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 265, p. 140-147. (Planktonic foraminifera from sites DSDP 292 and ODP 806 in W Pacific Ocean. Site 292 is located at N margin, and site 806 near center of modern West Pacific Warm Pool. Between 8.5-4.4 Ma Site 806 overlain by


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warm surface water but not Site 292. N-ward expansion of WPWP from 4.4 to 3.6 Ma and establishment of modern WPWP by 3.6 Ma related to closure of Indonesian and Central American seaways) Schiller, A., S.E. Wijffels & J. Sprintall (2007)- Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow: a review and model-to-data comparison. Elsevier Oceanography Series 73, Chapter 8, p. 175-209, p. 484-494. (Review of short-term variations in throughflow) Schneider, N. (1998)- The Indonesian Throughflow and the global climate system. J. Climate 11, 4, p. 676-689. (Modeling role of Indonesian Throughflow on world climate) Sevastjanova, I., R. Hall & D. Alderton (2012)- A detrital heavy mineral viewpoint on sediment provenance and tropical weathering in SE Asia. Sedimentary Geol., p (in press) (Heavy mineral study of river sand samples from Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Malay Peninsula heavy minerals record granitic and contact metamorphic provenance (zircon, tourmaline, hornblende, andalusite, epidote, monazite, rutile and titanite, etc.). Sumatra assemblages from two major sources: (I) modern volcanic arc (abundant pyroxene, particularly hypersthene), and (II) basement. Zircon, apatite, hornblende, epidote, and olivine also common and are likely of mixed provenance. Heavy mineral assemblages of Malay Peninsula and Sumatra modern rivers different from Cenozoic sediments, suggesting rapid source unroofing) Sidi, F.H., D. Nummedal, P. Imbert, H. Darman & H.W. Posamentier (eds.) (2003)- Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia- sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology. SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, 269p. Situmorang, M., D. Ilahude, T. Kuntoro, D. Kusnida & D. Arifin (1993)- Core lithology and Quaternary sedimentation in Masalembo-Bawean waters, Eastern Java Sea. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1003-1014. Situmorang, M., Koesnadi H., Yudicara & Y. Noviandi (2000)- Seafloor surficial geology and mineral resources around Karimata waters, West Kalimantan. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 87-98. Soegiarto, A. (1992)- The role of the Southeast Asian Seas in regional and global climate change. Global Change 22, p. 32-37. Soeriaatmadja, R.E. (1957)- The coastal current south of Java. Penjelidikan Laut di Indonesia (Marine Res.in Indonesia) 3, p. 41-55. Song, Q. & A. Gordon (2004)- Significance of the vertical profile of Indonesian throughflow transport on the Indian Ocean. Geoph. Res. Letters 31:L16307, 4p. Song, Q., A. Gordon & M. Visbeck (2004)- Spreading of the Indonesian throughflow in the Indian Ocean. J. Physical Oceanography 34, p. 772-792. Song, Q., G.A. Vecchi & A.J. Rosati (2004)- The role of the Indonesian Throughflow in the Indo-Pacific climate variability in the GFDL coupled climate model. J. of Climate 20, p. 2434-2451. (online at: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JCLI4133.1) (Oceanic circulation model to study response of closure of Indonesian Throughflow on climate) Spooner, M.I., T.T. Barrows, P. De Deckker & M. Paterne (2005)- Palaeoceanography of the Banda Sea, and Late Pleistocene initiation of the Northwest Monsoon. Global Planet Change 49, 1-2, p. 28-46. (Late Quaternary paleoceanography of Banda Sea based on core at 1805m bsl E of Timor, below pathway of Indonesian Throughflow. Site characterised by high surface T and high precipitation, forming low-salinity boundary layer. Minimal surface T cooling during last glacial maximum. Sea-surface seasonality never >3 °C. Abundance of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Globigerinoides quadrilobatus indicates mixed layer (low-salinity boundary layer of Throughflow) thinned during Marine Isotope Stages 3 and


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2. This enhanced deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layer. NW Monsoon ‘switched on’ at 15,000 cal yr BP. This thickened mixed layer, reducing DCM, and increased SST seasonality in Banda Sea) Srinivasan, M.S. & D.K. Sinha (1998)- Early Pliocene closing of the Indonesian Seaway: evidence from northeast Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific deep sea cores. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16, p. 29-44. (Neogene planktic forams from NE Indian Ocean and Tropical Pacific deep sea cores generally similar until beginning Pliocene (5.2 Ma) when faunal record indicates divergence, suggesting Indonesian Seaway became biogeographic barrier to planktic foraminifera. However, still exchange of surface waters through this seaway. Earlier studies suggested M- Late Miocene occurrence for this biogeographic barrier). Srinivasan, M.S. & D.K. Sinha (2003)- Planktic foraminiferal biogeography and ocean circulation in Southwest Pacific during last 3.3 My. In: P. Kundal (ed.) Proc. XVIII Indian Colloq. Micropal. Strat., Nagpur, Gondwana Geol. Soc., Spec. Vol. 6, p. Stuijts, J.C., J.C. Newsome & J.R. Flendley (1988)- Evidence for Late Quaternary vegetational change in the Sumatran and Javan highlands. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 55, p. 207-216. Susanto, R.D. & A.L. Gordon (2005)- Velocity and transport of the Makassar Strait throughflow. J. Geoph. Res. 110, C01005, doi:10.1029/2004JC002425, 10p. (S-ward transport in Makassar Strait confined mainly to upper 750 m, above blocking topographic sill of Makassar Strait. Transport maximum occurs within thermocline (100-300 m) Susanto, R.D., A.L. Gordon & Q. Zheng (2001)- Upwelling along the coasts of Java and Sumatra and its relation to ENSO. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 8, p. 1599-1602. Ta, T.K.O., V.L. Nguyen, M. Tateishi, I. Kobayashi, S. Tanabe & Y. Saito (2002)- Holocene delta evolution and sediment discharge of the Mekong River, southern Vietnam. Quat. Sci. Rev. 21, p. 1807-1819. Ta, T.K.O., V.L. Nguyen, M. Tateishi, I. Kobayashi, Y. Saito & T. Nakamura (2002)- Sediment facies and Late Holocene progradation of the Mekong River Delta in Bentre Province, southern Vietnam: an example of evolution from a tide-dominated to a tide- and wave-dominated delta. Sediment. Geol. 152, p. 313-325. (Mekong Delta is mixed tide and wave energy delta with wide delta plain formed during last 6 ka and is one of largest deltas in world. Changed from tide-dominated to tide-wave-dominated during Late Holocene. Late Pleistocene paleo-Mekong River incised valley >70 m deep and formed during last glacial period) Takahashi, K. & H. Okada (2000)- The paleoceanography for the last 30,000 years in the southeastern Indian Ocean by means of calcareous nannofossils. Marine Micropal. 40, p. 83-103. (Latest Quaternary paleoceanography based on calcareous nannofossils from deep-sea cores along N-S transect between 12-25° S off W Australia. Java upwelling system operates above N site and increases counts of small placoliths) Talley, L.D. & J. Sprintall (2005)- Deep expression of the Indonesian Throughflow: Indonesian intermediate water in the South Equatorial Current. J. Geophys. Res. 110, C10009, doi:10.1029/2004JC002826, 30 p. Tan, K.H. (2008)- Soils in the humid tropics and monsoon region of Indonesia. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 557p. Tillinger, D. (2011)- Physical oceanography of the present day Indonesian Throughflow. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 267-281. Tomascik, T., A.J. Mah, A. Nontiji & M. Moosa (1997)- The ecology of the Indonesian Seas, Part I. The ecology of Indonesia 7, Periplus Ed., Singapore, p. 1-642. (Extensive overview of Indonesian seas, with chapters on geology, oceanography and coral reefs)


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incision; deposition of coarse-textured materials more characteristic. Incision mainly tied to the Interglacial and Holocene humic tropical conditions when vegetation interfered with non-concentrated surface wash) Verstappen, H.Th. (1998)- The effect of climatic change on southeast Asian geomorphology. J. Quat. Sci. 12, 5, p. 413-418. Verstappen, H.T. (2000)- Outline of the geomorphology of Indonesia. lnt. Inst. Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC), Publ. 79, Enschede, 212 p. Visser, K., R. Thunell & M.A. Goni (2004)- Glacial-interglacial organic carbon record from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia: implications for regional changes in continental vegetation. Quatern. Sci. Rev. 23, p. 17-27. (Climate in W Pacific Warm Pool and other equatorial regions was colder by 3-4°C during glacial periods. Makassar Strait sediment core suggests vegetation on Borneo and surrounding islands did not change from tropical rainforest during last two Late Pleistocene glacial periods, supporting hypothesis that winter monsoon strengthened in glacial periods, allowing Indonesia to maintain high rainfall despite cooler conditions) Visser, K., R. Thunell & L. Stott (2003)- Magnitude and timing of temperature change in the Indo-Pacific warm pool during deglaciation. Nature 421, p. 152-155. Vranes, K., A.L. Gordon & A. Field (2002)- The heat transport of the Indonesian Throughflow and implications for the Indian Ocean heat budget. Deep-Sea Res. II 49, p. 1391-1410. Vranes, K. & A.L. Gordon (2005)- Comparison of Indonesian throughflow transport observations, Makassar Strait to Eastern Indian Ocean. Geoph. Res. Lett. 32, doi: 10.1029/2004GL022158, p. Wajsowicz, R.C., A.L. Gordon, A. Ffield & R.D. Susanto (2003)- Estimating transport in Makassar Strait, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 50, p. 2163- 2181. Walsh, J.P. & C.A. Nittrouer (2003)- Contrasting styles of off-shelf sediment accumulation in New Guinea. Marine Geol. 196, 3-4, p. 105-125. (Study of modern ‘highstand’ off-shelf sedimentation in PNG Gulf of Papua and Sepik margin. Gulf of Papua receives >3x10-8 tons of sediment annually from rivers. Majority accumulates on shelf, <5% deposited in Pandora Trough. Sepik margin different: Sepik River discharges ~1x10 -8 tons of sediment annually, and submarine canyon extends to river mouth. 90% of river material regularly produces gravity-driven flows in canyon) Walsh J.P. & C.A. Nittrouer (2004)- Mangrove-bank sedimentation in a mesotidal environment with large sediment supply, Gulf of Papua. Marine Geol. 208, p. 225-248. (Extensive mangrove forests are associated with major river systems. Indo-Pacific region numerous large rivers that discharge onto broad continental shelves, with common mangroves along these coastlines. Gulf of Papua >3350 km2 of mangrove forests, majority associated with Fly, Kikori and Purari River deltas. Sediment trapping in W Gulf of Papua mangroves estimated to be 2-14% of total sediment load) Wang, P., L. Wang, Y. Bian & Z. Jian (1995)- Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the South China Sea: surface circulation and carbonate cycles. Marine Geol. 127, p. 145-165. Waworuntu, J., R. Fine, D. Olson & A. Gordon (2000)- Recipe for Banda Sea water. J. Marine Res. 58, p. 547569. Waworuntu, J.M., S.L. Garzoli & D.B. Olson (2001)- Dynamics of Makassar Strait. J. Mar. Res. 59, p. 313325.


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Weber, M. (1902)- Siboga expeditie- Introduction et description de l’expedition. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied, verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899-1900, Mon. 1, Brill, Leiden, p. 1-152. (‘Introduction and description of the Siboga expedition 1899-1900’. First of many volumes on results of the zoological, botanical, oceanographic and geological studies in Eastern Indonesia waters and islands by members of the Siboga Expedition. Geological results reported by Wichmann 1925) Wellner, R.W. & L.R. Bartek (2003)- The effect of sea level, climate, and physiography on the development of incised valley complexes: a modern example from the EastChina Sea. J. Sedim. Res. 73, p. 926-940. Wetzel, A. (1983)- Biogenic structures in modern slope to deep-sea sediments in the Sulu Sea Basin (Philippines). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 42, p. 285-304. (On biogenic structures and depth zonation in 23 cores taken by RV Valdivia from 1000- 5000m water depth, Sulu Sea. Slope- rise sediments down to 3800m almost totally bioturbated, with 8 types of traces: common Helminthopsis, Planolites, Thalassinoides, less common Chondrites, Scolicia, Skolithos, Trichichnus and Zoophycos. Abyssal plain deposits below 4400m less bioturbated (20% or less of sediment burrowed). Increase of trace diversity by small traces, dominated by Muensteria, 'mycellia' and Phycosiphon. Traces typical of many turbidite sequences ('graphoglyptids') absent) Whitten, T., J. Whitten, C. Goettsch, J. Supriatna & R.A. Mittermeier (1999)- Sundaland. In: R.A. Mittermeier et al. (eds.) Biodiversity hotspots of the world, Cemex, Prado Norte, Mexico, p. Whitten, T., J. Whitten, C. Goettsch, J. Supriatna & R.A. Mittermeier (1999)- Wallacea. In: R.A. Mittermeier et al. (eds.) Biodiversity hotspots of the world, Cemex, Prado Norte, Mexico, p. Woodroffe, C.D. (1993)- Late Quaternary evolution of coastal and lowland riverine plains of Southeast Asia and northern Australia: an overview. Sediment. Geol. 83, p. 163-175. Woodroffe, C.D. (2000)- Deltaic and estuarine environments and their Late Quaternary dynamics on the Sunda and Sahul shelves. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, 4, p. 393-413. (Deltaic and estuarine environments of Sunda shelf receive large volumes of sediment and had diverse and productive vegetation before clearing. Three periods of change: long-term response of deltaic- estuarine plains to postglacial sea-level rise, Holocene patterns of coastal progradation and distributary migration under relatively stable sea level and impact of human modifications) Woodroffe, C.D. (2005)- Southeast Asian deltas. In: A. Gupta (ed.) The physical geography of Southeast Asia, Oxford University Press, p. 219-236. Woodruff, D.S. (2010)- Biogeography and conservation in Southeast Asia: How 2.7 million years of repeated environmental fluctuations affect today’s patterns and the future of the remaining refugial-phase biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 19, p. 919-941. (SE Asia geography today typical of only 2% of last million years; 90% of time land area was 1.5–2.0x larger as mean sea levels were 62 m lower, climates were cooler, and extensive forests and savanna covered emerged Sunda plains. Land areas varied as sea levels fluctuated up to 50m with each of ~50 Pleistocene glacial cycles, and forests expanded and contracted with oscillations in land area and seasonality) Wurster, C.M., M.I. Bird, I.D. Bull, F. Creed, C. Bryant, J.A.J. Dungaitc & V. Paze (2010)- Forest contraction in north equatorial Southeast Asia during the Last Glacial Period. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 35 p. 1550815511. (online at: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/07/22/1005507107.full.pdf) (Distribution of vegetation in SE Asia during Last Glacial Maximum (23-19 ka) still debated. Carbon isotopes of ancient cave guano profiles suggest substantial forest contraction during LGM on peninsular Malaysia and Palawan (and replaced by open savanna conditions), while rainforest was maintained in N Borneo)


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Wyrtki, K. (1958)- The water exchange between the Pacific and the Indian Oceans in relation to upwelling processes. Oceanography 16, p. 61-65. Wyrtki, K. (1961)- Physical oceanography of the southeast Asian waters. NAGA Rept. 2, Scripps Inst. Oceanography, University of California Press, San Diego, p. Wyrtki, K. (1962)- The upwelling in the region between Java and Australia during the south-east monsoon. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 13, p. 217-225. Wyrtki, K. (1987)- Indonesian throughflow and the associated pressure gradient. J. Geophys. Res. 92, p. 1294112946. (Flow of water from Wn Pacific to E Indian Ocean through Indonesian archipelago governed by strong pressure gradient. Average sea level difference 16 cm and most of pressure gradient contained in upper 200m. Annual maximum during SE monsoon in July- August and minimum in January-February) Xue, Z., J.P. Liu, D. DeMaster, L.V. Nguyen & T.K.O. Ta (2010)- Late Holocene evolution of the Mekong subaqueous delta, Southern Vietnam. Marine Geol. 269, p. 46-60. (High-resolution seismic and coring revealed low gradient, subaqueous paleo-delta system, up to 20 m thick, surrounding modern Mekong RiverDelta, formed around 3000 BP) Zakaria, A.S. (1975)- The geomorphology of Kelantan Delta (Malaysia). Catena 2, p. 337-349. Zuvela-Aloise, M. (2005)- Modelling of the Indonesian Throughflow on glacial-interglacial time-scales. Doct. Thesis Christian-Albrechts Univ. Kiel, 185p.


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I.5. Carbonates, Coral Reefs Akbar, M., B. Vissapragada, A.H. Alghamdi, D. Allen et al. (2001)- A snapshot of carbonate reservoir evaluation. Oilfield Review, Schlumberger, Winter 2000/2001, p. 20- 41. (online at: http://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_review/ors00/win00/p20_41.ashx) (Reservoir evaluation paper with example of M Miocene buildup in Sibolga basin, off NW Sumatra, with unsuccessful 1997 well due to lack of internal seals and late top seal preventing capture of early biogenic gas) Alcock, A. (1902)- Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie Monogr. 16a, p. 1-51 + plates (online at: http://www.archive.org/details/sibogaexpeditie07sibo) (Descriptions of 75 species of modern mainly solitary deep-sea corals from East Indonesia, collected during Siboga Expedition 1899-1900) Ashton, P.R. (1981)- Estimating potential reservies in Southeast Asian Neogene reefs. In: Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas, UN ESCAP CCOP Techn. Bull. 10, p. 244-259. Azmy, K., E. Edinger, J. Lundberg & W. Diegor (2010)- Sea level and paleotemperature records from a midHolocene reef on the North coast of Java, Indonesia. Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundsch.) 99, p. 231-244. (Mid-Holocene fossil fringing reefs at Point Teluk Awur, near Jepara, N coast of Central Java, contains two superposed horizons of Porites lobata microatolls. Age of corals in lower horizon, 80 cm above sea level, ~7000 yr BP, in upper horizon at 1.5 m ~ 6960 ± 60 yr BP, matching transgressive phase of regional sea-level curves) Bak, R.P.M. & G.D.E. Hovel (1989)- Ecological variables, including physiognomic structural attributes, and classification of Indonesian coral reefs. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 23, p. 95-106. Beauvais, L., M.C. Bernet-Rollande, M.C. & A. Maurin (1985)- Reinterpretation of Pretertiary classical reefs from Indo-Pacific Jurassic examples. In: In: C. Gabrie & M. Harmelin (eds.) Proc. Fifth Int. Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti 1985, 6, Misc. Paper (B), p. 581-586. (Jurassic carbonate mounds in W Thailand (M-U Jurassic, Mae Sot basin), C Sumatra (U Jurassic, PadangTembesi River) and Philippines (M Jurassic, Mindoro, -U Jurassic Calamian Isl.) not 'reefs' like present day reefs. Corals typically float in lime mud matrix and are mainly digitate or lamellar, to cope with muddy conditions. Calcareous sponges also common. Main rock-building organisms are Bacinellid- Lithocodiumstromatolite assemblage, as encrusters over exotic grains or as single builder. Jurassic period where corals, sponges etc, have no major rock building potential) Bellwood D.R., T.P. Hughes, S.R. Connolly & J. Tanner (2005)- Environmental and geometric constraints on Indo-Pacific coral reef biodiversity. Ecology Letters 8, p. 643-651. Bernecker, M. (2005)- Late Triassic reefs from the Northwest and South Tethys: distribution, setting, and biotic composition. Facies 51, p. 442-453. (Ladinian and Carnian increasing expansion of reefs. Optimum reef diversity and frequency in Norian, as sponge and coral reefs associated with development of carbonate platforms. Not much on SE Asia) Betzler, C. (1997)- Ecological control on geometries of carbonate platforms: Miocene/Pliocene shallow-water microfaunas and carbonate biofacies from the Queensland Plateau (NE Australia). Facies 37, p. 147-166. (Miocene and Pliocene of ODP Leg 133 sites record biofacies evolution prior and during the partial drowning of Queensland Plateau carbonate platform. M Miocene depositional geometry is carbonate bank with a welldefined rim and flank. Late Miocene- E Pliocene carbonate ramps, rich in large benthic forams. Reconstruction of Tortonian- Messinian relative sea level curve shows rise punctuated by four falls. Lepidocyclina (N.) rutteni described from Australian faunal province for first time) Betzler, C., T.C. Brachert & D. Kroon (1995)- Role of climate for partial drowning of the Queensland Plateau carbonate platform (northeastern Australia). Marine Geol. 123, p. 11-32.


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(Late Miocene- E Pliocene partial drowning of Queensland Plateau carbonate platform off NE Australia. Modern plateau mosaic of pinnacle reefs and largerreefs representing relicts of E-M Miocene buildups. Late Miocene rich in larger forams Lepidocyclina and Cycloclypeus show Pliocene partial drowning of platform preceded by 4 Myr of neritic carbonate deposition without any reefs. Low surface water temperatures (17°19°C) major factor which suppressed reef growth during Late Miocene- E Pliocene) Borel Best, M. & G.S. Boekschoten (1989)- Comparative qualitative studies on coral species composition in various reef sites in the eastern Indonesian Archipelago. Proc. 6th Int. Coral Reef Symp., 3, p. 197-204. Boekschoten, G.J., M. Borel Best, A. Oosterbaan & F.M. Molenkamp (1989)- Past corals and recent reefs in Indonesia. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 23, 2, p. 117-122. (Snellius-II Expedition collections of Lower Pliocene corals near Salayer and Quaternary reefs on Ambon and Sumba and compared with Pliocene of Nias. Absence of Acropora and Montipora from Quaternary coral faunae (common in Pliocene and modern reefs) may reflect disturbance by Pleistocene sea level fluctuations) Bosence, D. (2005)- A genetic classification of carbonate platforms based on their basinal and tectonic setting in the Cenozoic. Sedimentary Geol. 175, p. 49-72. (Eight types of carbonate platform recognized, based on basinal and tectonic setting: Fault-Block, Salt Diapir, Subsiding Margin, Offshore Bank, Volcanic Pedestal, Thrust-Top, Delta-Top and Foreland Margin platforms) Bourrouilh-Le Jan, F.G. (1979)- Les plate-formes carbonatees de haute energie a rhodolithes et la crise climatique du passage Mio-Pliocene dans le domaine Pacifique). Bull. Centr. Rech. Explor.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine 3, 2, p. 489-495. ('The rhodolite high energy carbonate platforms and the climatic crisis of the Mio-Pliocene transition in the Pacific area'. Large M and U Miocene carbonate platforms built on volcanic remains in W and SW Pacific. In rhodolith facies, withour corals, probably related to colder climate interval. Warming around Mio-Pliocene boundary allowed resettlement of corals) Bourrouilh-Le Jan, F.G. & L.C. Hottinger (1988)- Occurrence of rhodolites in the tropical Pacific- a consequence of Mid-Miocene paleo-oceanographic change. Sedim. Geol. 60, p. 355-358. (Rhodolites over wide areas of tropical Pacific dated by as M Miocene. They are preceded in E Miocene and succeeded in Late Miocene by hermatypic coral deposits. Possible causes of facies change: sea-level rise drowning reefs, drop of winter surface water temperature and increase in fertility of surface waters inhibiting compensatory growth of hermatypic corals until sea-level fall restored original conditions of deposition) Bromfield K. (2010)- Evolutionary dynamics of Indo-Pacific reef corals throughout the Neogene. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, p. 1-269. (Study of 155 species of M Miocene- E Pleistocene reef coral communities from Indonesia (Salayar, S Sulawesi), PNG (New Britain) and Fiji. Coral communities vary with global sea level and time. 41.8% of species in M Miocene in New Britain now extinct. Study supports previously proposed models of E Pliocene turnover event in Scleractinia in Indo-Pacific) Bromfield, K. & J.M. Pandolfi (2011)- Regional patterns of evolutionary turnover in Neogene coral reefs from the central Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Evolut. Ecology, May 2011, p. 1-17.p. (Neogene origination and extinction patterns from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Fiji. Two faunal turnover events(1) increase in Scleractinia diversity during M Miocene (17-14 Ma), coinciding with large-scale sea level fluctuations and M Miocene collision event, possibly facilitated by habitat fragmentation associated with tectonism and sea level fall (2) lowering of diversity throughout Late Miocene-Pliocene (7-3 Ma), followed by pulse of extinction at Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary (~2.6 Ma)) Brouwer, H.A. & G.A.F. Molengraaff (1919)- On reef caps. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 21, 2, p. 816-826. (Many islands in E Indonesia covered with Plio-Pleistocene fringing reefs, on some islands up to 1300m. These are signs of recent uplift. Highest reef caps are not necessarily oldest if uplift not uniform


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Brouwer, H.A. (1926)- The origin of coral reefs and reef caps with special reference to mountain building within the Netherlands East Indies. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, p. 1164- . Brownlee, D.N. & M.W. Longman (1981)- Depositional history of a Lower Miocene pinnacle reef, Nido B oilfield, the Philippines. Proc. 4th Int. Coral reef symposium, Manila, 1, p. 619-625. Bubb, N.N. & W.G. Hatlelid (1976)- Recognition of carbonate build-ups on seismic sections. Proc. Indon. Petroleum Assoc. Carbonate Seminar, Jakarta, p. 103-109. Buxton, M.W.N. & H.M. Pedley (1989)- A standardized model for Tethyan Tertiary carbonate ramps. J. Geol. Soc., London, 146, p. 746-748. Camoin, G.F. & P.J. Davies (eds.) (1998)- Reefs and carbonate platforms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Int. Assoc. Sediment. (IAS), Spec. Publ. 25, Blackwell, 336 p. Carnell, A.J.H. & M.E.J. Wilson (2004)- Dolomites in SE Asia- varied origins and implications for hydrocarbon exploration. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 235, p. 255-300. (Dolomite in Paleozoic, Triassic, Paleogene and Neogene carbonates in SE Asia) Carozzi, A.V., M.V. Reyes & V.P. Ocampo (1976)- Microfacies and microfossils of the Miocene reefs carbonates of the Philippines. Philippine Oil Development Company, Manila, Spec. Publ. 1, 80p. Collins, L.B. (2010)- Controls on morphology and growth history of coral reefs of Australia’s western margin. In: W.A. Morgan, A.D. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 195-218. (Description of reefs along W margin of Australia. Latitudinal and climatic gradient from macrotidal tropical in N to microtidal-temperate in S) Conesa, G.A.R., E. Favre, P. Munch, H. Dalmasso & C. Chaix (2006)- Biosedimentary and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Southern Marion Platform from the Middle to Late Miocene (Northeast Australia, ODP Leg 194, Sites 1196 and 1199). In: F.S. Anselmetti et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 194, 5, p. 1-38. Crabbe, M.J.C., M.E.J. Wilson & D.J. Smith (2006)- Quaternary corals from reefs in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia, show similar growth rates to modern corals from the same area. J. Quatern. Sci. 21, 8, p. 803-809. (Study of growth rates of Porites coral from growth bands at Kaledupa island, Tukang Besi, SE Sulawesi. Growth rates of Quaternary species from up to 400m thick uplifted reef terrace slightly lower, but comparable to modern coral (~10-15 mm/yr)) Crevello, P., R. Park, K. Tabri & Premonowati (2006)- Equatorial carbonate depositional systems and reservoir development: modern to Miocene- Oligocene analogs of SE Asia: high resolution exploration and development applications from outcrop to subsurface. AAPG Equatorial Carbonate Field Seminar, 53p. Croize, D., S.N. Ehrenberg, K. Bjorlykke, F. Renard & J. Jahren (2010)- Petrophysical properties of bioclastic platform carbonates: implications for porosity controls during burial. Marine Petrol Geol. 27, p. 1765-1774. (Study of petrophysical properties of Miocene platform carbonates of Marion Plateau, off NE Australia) Davies, P.J. & D.W. Kinsey (1977)- Holocene reef growth- One Tree island, Great Barrier reef. Marine Geol. 14, 1, p. M1-M11. Davies, P.J. & J. Marshall (1985)- Halimeda bioherms-low energy reefs, northern Great Barrier Reef. Proc. 5th Coral Reef Symp., Tahiti 5, p. 1-7.


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De Neve, G.A. (1981)- Development and origin of the Sangkarang reef archipelago (South Sulawesi, Indonesia). Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Bandung, p. 102-108. (Sangkarang (=Spermonde) platform large archipelago of reefs off SW Sulawesi, probably on submerged Pleistocene abrasion platform. Subsurface probably Eocene- Oligocene deep marine sediments and OligoMiocene shelfal carbonates and volcanics, similar to adjacent S Sulawesi) De Neve, G.A. (1982)- Reef distribution in the Sunda strait (Krakatau), the west Java Sea and the Flores Sea. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 99-113. De Neve, G.A. (1983)- Aspects of geohydrology in coral reef atolls of the Kai and Tanimbar Islands, Southerm Moluccas. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 115-126. De Vantier, L., Suharsono, A. Budiyanto, J. Tuti, P. Imanto & R. Ledesma (1998)- Status of coral communities of Kepulauan Seribu, 1985-1995. In: Proc. Coral Reef Evaluation Workshop, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, September 1995, p. 1-26. DiCaprio, L., R.D. Müller & M. Gurnis (2010)- A dynamic process for drowning carbonate reefs on the northeastern Australian margin. Geology 38, 1, p. 11-14. (Australian NE marginal plateaus underwent accelerated tectonic subsidence in Late Miocene- Pliocene that, with second-order global sea-level rises, drowned Miocene carbonate platforms. Mechanism for anomalous subsidence of mature passive margin uncertain. Plate model shows Late Miocene NE Australia overrode subducted slabs from Eocene Melanesian subduction N of PNG. Surface subsidence induced by sinking slabs may have caused relative sea-level rises outpaced Late Miocene reef growth) Dorobek, S.L. (2008)- Carbonate-platform facies in volcanic-arc settings: characteristics and controls on deposition and stratigraphic development. In: A.E. Draut et al. (eds.) Formation and applications of the sedimentary record in arc collision zones, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 436, p. 55- 90. Eberli, G.P., F.S. Anselmetti, A.R. isern & H. Delius (2010)- Timing of changes in sea-level and currents along Miocene platforms on the Marion Plateau. In: W.A. Morgan, A.D. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 219-242. (N and S Marion Platformsoff NE Australia studied by ODP 194 wells and seismic. Built by cool, subtropical faunal assemblages and asymmetric geometry. Four megasequences subdivided into 14 sequences. E-M Miocene sequences are prograding and aggrading sequences. From late M Miocene, mounded geometries in basinal area where large drift deposits accumulated. Two most prominent sequences boundaries are drowning unconformities, at 11.1 Ma (N) and ~7 Ma (S Marion Platform). Timing of many Neogene sequence boundaries coincides with boundaries on Queensland Plateau (ODP Leg 133) and along Bahamas Transect (ODP Leg 166), suggesting global synchroneity of Neogene 3rd order sea-level changes) Edinger, E.N. (1998)- Effects of land-based pollution on Indonesian coral reefs; biodiversity, growth rates, bioerosion, and applications to the fossil record. Doct. Thesis, McMaster University. Hamilton, 297 p.. Edinger, E.N., J. Kolasa & M.J. Risk (2000)- Biogeographic variation in coral species diversity on coral reefs in three regions of Indonesia. Diversity and Distribution 6, p. 113-127. (Coral species diversity along transects from 14 reefs in Ambon S Sulawesi and Java Sea. Siteds relatively unaffected by land-based pollution in E Indonesia 20% more diverse than Java Sea. Despite fact that Java Sea was exposed during Pleistocene lowstands, and was recolonized only within last 10 000 years, coral species diversity and assemblage composition on Java Sea reefs similar to open ocean reefs in E Indonesia) Ehrenberg, S.N. (2004)- Porosity and permeability in Miocene carbonate platforms of the Marion Plateau, offshore NE Australia: relationships to stratigraphy, facies and dolomitization. In: The geometry and petrogenesis of dolomite hydrocarbon reservoirs, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 235, p. 233-253.


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Ehrenberg, S.N., J.M. McArthur & M.F. Thirlwall (2006)- Growth, demise and dolomitization of Miocene carbonate platforms on the Marion Plateau, Offshore NE Australia. J. Sedim. Res. 76, p. 91-116. (Sr-isotope stratigraphy used to determine timing of depositional events and dolomitization in two Miocene carbonate platforms cored by ODP Leg 194, seaward of Great Barrier Reef. Initial transgression of Marion Plateau volcanic basement E Oligocene (29-31 Ma). Main growth of carbonate platforms in Miocene (23-7 Ma), with five depositional sequences. Both platform-demise events (10.7 and 6.9 Ma) coincide with falls in global sea level combined with decreasing water temperature) Escher, B.G. (1920)- Atollen in den Nederlandsch-Oost-Indischen Archipel. De riffen in de groep der Toekang Besi-eilanden. Meded. Encyclop. Bureau, Batavia, 22, 18 p. (‘Atolls in the Netherlands East Indies Archipelago: the reefs in the Tukang Besi Group’, SE Sulawesi'. Some of modern Tukang Besi reefs true atolls up to 48km long, some small barrier reefs around islands up to 274m high. Reefs arranged in four NW-SE trending rows, possibly controlled by underlying structure) Fairbridge, R.W. (1950)- Recent and Pleistocene coral reefs of Australia. J. of Geology 58, 4, p. 330-401. Fairbridge, R.W. (1973)- Geomorphology of the reef islands. In: W. Manser (ed.) New Guinea barrier reefs. University of Papua New Guinea, Geol. Dept., Port Moresby, Occ. Paper 19, p. 129-146. Feary, D.A., P.J. Davies, C.J. Pigram & P.A. Symonds (1991)- Climatic evolution and control on carbonate deposition in northeast Australia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 89, p. 341-361 Feary, D.A., P.A. Symonds, P.J. Davies, G.J. Pigram & R.D. Jarrard (1993)- Geometry of Pleistocene facies on the Great Barrier Reef outer shelf and upper slope seismic stratigraphy of Sites 819, 820 and 821. In: J.A. McKenzie et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program ODP, Sci. Res. 133, College Station, p. 327-343. (online at: www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/133_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr133_24.pdf) Flugel, E. (1981)- Paleoecology and facies of Upper Triassic reefs in the northern Calcareous Alps. In: D.F. Toomey (ed.) European fossil reef models. Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM) Spec. Publ. 30, p. 291-359. Flugel, E. (1982)- Evolution of Triassic reefs: current concepts and problems. Facies 6, p. 297-398. Flugel, E. (2002)- Triassic reef patterns. In: W. Kiessling et al. (eds.) Phanerozoic reef patterns, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM) Spec. Publ. 72, p. 391-463. (Includes summaries of known Triassic reefal carbonates in Timor (various localities with Norian reef sponges corals), Sulawesi, C-E Seram (up to 150m thick sponge-coral-hydrozoan limestone; Wilckens 1937), Papua New Guinea) Friedman, G.M. (1983)- Reefs and porosity: examples from the Indonesian Archipelago. SEAPEX Proc. 6, p. 35-40. (Most porosity in Tertiary reefal carbonates in Indonesia involves post-depositional diagenetic changes) Friedman, G.M. (1988)- Case histories of coexisting reefs and terrigenous sediments: the Gulf of Eilat (Red Sea), Java Sea, and Neogene basin of the Negev, Israel. In: L.J. Royle & H.H. Roberts (eds.) Carbonate clastic transitions, Elsevier Developments in sedimentology 42, p. 77-97. Fulthorpe, C.S. & S.O. Schlanger (1989)- Paleo-oceanographic and tectonic settings of Early Miocene reefs and associated carbonates of offshore Southeast Asia. AAPG Bull. 73, 6, p. 729-756. (Late Oligocene- early M Miocene widespread carbonates/reefs in SE Asia, related to rising eustatic sea level and expansion of coral-algal facies belt N to Japan and S to New Zealand. Examples mainly from Philippines) Gerth, H. (1925)- Die Bedeutung der Tertiaeren Riffkorallenfauna des malaysischen Archipels fur die Entwicklung der lebenden Rifffauna im Indopazifischen und Atlantischen Gebiet. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. ser. 8, (Verbeek volume), p. 173-196.


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Van der Meij, S.E.T., Suharsono & B.W. Hoeksema (2010)- Long-term changes in coral assemblages under natural and anthropogenic stress in Jakarta Bay (1920-2005). Marine Pollution Bull. 60, 9, p. 1442-1454 (Coral reefs in Jakarta Bay have been under long-term natural and anthropogenic stress. Coral species diversity and composition of reefs changed considerably between 1920 and 2005. About half number of species recorded in 1920 was found again in 2005) Verstappen, H.Th. (1953)- Oude en nieuwe onderzoekingen over de koraaleilanden in de baai van Djakarta. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen. 71, p. 472-478. ('Old and new investigations on coral islands in the Bay of Jakarta') Verweij, J. (1930)- Depth of coral reefs and penetration of light. With notes on oxygen consumption of corals. Proc. 4th Pacific Sci. Congr., Java 1929, 2A, p. 277-299. (Oxygen content of water in lagoon of one of islands in Bay of Jakarta rises during day and falls at night, suggesting production of oxygen by algae during day and significant consumption by reef at night. Lower depth limit of reef corals controlled by depth of light penetration (corals depend on zooxanthellid algae for food), Thuis is usually around 40m, but may be reduced in areas of clay-silt sediment supply like bay of Jakarta) Verweij, J. (1930)- Coral reef studies. Treubia 12, p. 305-366. (Mainly zoological studies of Indonesian coral reefs) Verweij, J. (1931)- Coral reef studies II. The depth of coral reefs in relation to their oxygen consumption and the penetration of light in the water. Treubia 13, p. 169-198. Verweij, J. (1931)- Coral reef studies III. Geomorphological notes on coral reefs of Batavia Bay. Treubia 13, p. 199-215. Wahlmann, G.P. (2002)- Upper Carboniferous- Lower Permian (Bashkirian- Kungurian) mounds and reefs. In: W. Kiessling et al. (eds.) Phanerozoic reef patterns, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM) Spec. Publ. 72, p. 271-338. (Includes mention of Timor Permian (Sakmarian) Tubiphytes (Shamovella) grainstones) Wallace, C.C. (1997)- The Indo-Pacific center of coral diversity re-examined at species level. In: Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symposium, Panama, 1, p. 365-370. Wallace, C.C. (1999)- The Togian Islands: coral reefs with a unique coral fauna and an hypothesized Tethys Sea signature. Coral Reefs 18, p. 162. (Acropora coral fauna of Togian Islands, N Sulawesi, high diversity and includes relict Tethys Sea elements) Wallace, C.C., G. Paulay, B.W. Hoeksema, D.R. Bellwood et al. (2000)- Nature and origins of unique high diversity reef faunas in the Bay of Tomini, Central Sulawesi: The ultimate "center of diversity" ? Proc. 9th Int. Coral Reef Symp., Bali 2000, 1, p. 185-192. Webster, J.M., L. Wallace, E. Silver, D. Potts, J.C. Braga, W. Renema, K. Coleman-Riker & C. Gallup (2004)Coralgal composition of drowned carbonate platforms in the Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea: implications for lowstand reef development and drowning. Marine Geol. 204, p. 59-89. (Coral, algae, larger forams facies models and development of Pleistocene carbonate platforms, Huon Gulf) Weidlich, O. (2002)- Middle and Late Permian reefs- distributional patterns and reservoir potential. In: W. Kiessling et al. (eds.) Phanerozoic reef patterns, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM) Spec. Publ. 72, p. 339-390. (Includes SE Asia info: prolific Permian rugose coral faunas found in mainland SE Asia, Sumatra and Timor ) Whitehouse, F.W. (1973)- Coral reefs of the New Guinea Region. In: Biology and geology of coral reefs, 1, Geology 1, p. 169-186.


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Wichmann, C.E.A. (1912)- On the so-called atolls of the East-Indian Archipelago. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 14, p. 698-711. (online at www.digitallibrary.nl) (Review of distribution of modern coral reefs in Indonesia. Most are fringing reefs and patch reefs. True atolls or barrier reefs are virtually absent) Wienberg, C., H. Westphal, E. Kwoll & D. Hebbeln (2010)- An isolated carbonate knoll in the Timor Sea (Sahul Shelf, NW Australia): facies zonation and sediment composition. Facies 56, 2, p. 179-193. (Facies and biota description of Pee Shoal in Timor Sea. Steep and flat-topped knoll. Facies zonation: (A) scarce sponges, hydrozoans and crinoids (320–210 m water depth); (B) hardground outcrops (step-like banks, vertical cliffs) colonized by octocorals and sponges (210–75 m); (C) summit region (75-21 m) slopes merge gently into flat-topped summit, colonized by massive and encrusting corals and octocoral Heliopora. Sediments from summit dominated by Halimeda) Wilson, M.E.J. (2002)- Cenozoic carbonates in Southeast Asia: implications for equatorial carbonate development. Sediment. Geol. 147, p. 295-428. (Comprehensive review of Tertiary carbonates in SE Asia) Wilson, M.E.J. (2008)- Reservoir quality of Cenozoic carbonate buildups and coral reef terraces. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-155, 8p. (On ongoing research on modern carbonates of Wakatobi area, Tukang Besi Islands, SE of Buton/Sulawesi. Archipelago includes large atolls, smaller buildups and 4 main islands with modern rimmed shelves or fringing reefs. On islands >10 Pliocene- Quaternary coral reef terraces, uplifted to ~300 m) Wilson, M.E.J. (2008)- Global and regional influences on equatorial shallow-marine carbonates during the Cenozoic. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 255, p. 262-274. (Marked change from larger foram to coral-dominated carbonate producers around Oligo-Miocene boundary. Early Miocene acme of coral development in SE Asia) Wilson, M.E.J. (2011)- SE Asian carbonates: tools for evaluating environmental and climatic change in the equatorial tropics over the last 50 million years. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 347-369. (Reviews of shallow water carbonate environmental and climatic changes through last 50 My in SE Asia) Wilson, M.E.J. & R. Hall (2010)- Tectonic influences on SE Asian carbonate systems and their reservoir development. In: W.A. Morgan, W.A. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 13-40. (Tectonics control location of SE Asian Cenozoic carbonate deposits. 70% of 250 shallow marine carbonate formations in SE Asia initiated as attached features, 90% of economic hydrocarbon discoveries developed over antecedent topography, of which >75% isolated platforms. Economic reservoirs mainly in backarc and riftmargin settings (40% each). Demise of many platforms influenced by tectonic subsidence, often in combination with eustatic sea-level rise and environmental perturbations. Fractures enhance reservoir quality or may cause compartmentalization of reservoirs through formation of fault gouge or fault leakage) Wilson, M.E.J. & S.W. Lokier (2002)- Siliciclastic and volcaniclastic influences on equatorial carbonates: insights from the Neogene of Indonesia. Sedimentology 49, p. 583-601. (Despite significant clastic influence, Neogene carbonates developed adjacent to major deltas or volcanic arcs, and are comparable with modern mixed carbonate-clastic deposits in region. Regional carbonate development in areas of high clastic input influenced by antecedent highs, changes in amounts or rates of clastic input, delta lobe switching or variations in volcanic activity, energy regimes and relative sea-level change) Wilson, M.E.J. & B.R. Rosen (1998)- Implications of paucity of corals in the Paleogene of SE Asia: plate tectonics or center of origin? In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 165-195.


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(Corals generally rare in SE Asian Eocene- Oligocene carbonates; instead dominated by larger forams and coralline algae) Wilson, M.E.J. & A. Vecsei (2005)- The apparent paradox of abundant foramol facies in low latitudes: their environmental significance and effect on platform development. Earth Science Rev. 69, p. 133-168. (Locally common larger foram-rich carbonates at tropical latitudes) Yamano, H., H. Kayanne, F. Matsuda & Y. Tsuji (2002)- Lagoonal facies, ages, and sedimentation in three atolls in the Pacific. Marine Geol. 185, p. 233-247. (Lagoons in Palau and Marshall islands 3 facies: Calcarina, Calcarina–Heterostegina and Heterostegina facies, based on presence/ absence of larger benthic forams Calcarina (reef flat) and Heterostegina (deep lagoon). Calcarina facies allochthonous reef-derived materials, Heterostegina facies mainly in situ lagoonal materials) Yamano, H., T. Miyajima & I. Koike (2000)- Importance of foraminifera for the formation and maintenance of a coral sand cay: Green Island, Australia. Coral Reefs 19, p. 51-58. (Green Island Reef (Great Barrier Reef, Australia) sand cay major constituents benthic foraminifera (mainly Amphistegina lessonii, Baculogypsina sphaerulata, and Calcarina hispida), calcareous algae (Halimeda and coralline algae), hermatypic corals, and molluscs. Benthic foraminifera ~30% of total sediment)


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II. SUNDALAND II.1. Sumatra Abdullah, M. & C.F. Jordan (1987)- The geology of the Arun Field Miocene reef complex. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 65-96. (Arun gas field 1971 discovery in N Sumatra. Area 18.5 x 5 km. Lower- Middle Miocene carbonate buildup on Arun High with 1080’ of gas column) Abdullah, M. & C.F. Jordan (1988)- The geology of the Arun field Miocene reef complex. Proc. 7th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1988, SEAPEX Proc. 8, p. 203-220. Abdurrachman, M., M.E. Suparka, C.I. Abdullah, S. Piadhy & M. Latuconsina (2008)- Pre-Tertiary basement petrography: Suban Barat-1, South Sumatra. In: Sumatra stratigraphy workshop, Duri (Riau) 2005, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 115-125. (Suban 1910 shallow gas discovery, 180km NW of Palembang. W Suban 1 well penetrated 479m of hydrothermally altered granite- from 2771-3006m, and dominantly granodiorite with some spilitic basalt and marble between 3010-3250m) Abercrombie, R., M. Antolik & G. Ekström (2003)- The June 2000 Mw 7.9 earthquakes south of Sumatra: deformation in the India-Australia Plate. J. Geophys. Res. 108, B1, p. (June 2000 earthquakes S of Sumatra below Indian Ocean predominantly left-lateral strike-slip on vertical N-S trending faults, probably reactivated fracture zones. Earthquakes consistent with recent models of distributed deformation in India-Australia composite plate. Occurrence of Enggano earthquake implies stress field within Indian plate continues to depth of 50 km in subducting slab) Abidin, H.Z. (2008)- Pb-Zn-Ag Deposits at Tanjung Balit, Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 18, 4, p. 253-263. (Epithermal Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization in district Limapuluh Kota, W Sumatra, in metasediments of Tapanuli Group/ Kuantan Fm (Permian)) Abidin, H.Z. & B.H. Harahap (2007)- Indikasi mineralisasi epitermal emas bersulfi da rendah, di Wilayah Kecamatan Bonjol, Kabupaten Pasaman, Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 2, 1, p. 55-67. (Bonjol gold prospect, Pasaman District, N of Padang, W Sumatra, several ore bodies in Early Miocene age (9.3-11.9 Ma; should be Late Miocene?;HvG) altered rhyolitic volcanics of Gunung Amas Fm. Gold deposit probably of low sulphidation epithermal type) Abidin, H.Z. & B.H. Harahap (2007)- Prospek emas Bonjol bersulfida rendah di Wilayah Kecamatan Bonjol, Kabupaten Pasaman, Sumatera Barat. J. Teknologi Min. Batubara 15, 42, p. 1-9. (Bonjol gold prospect paper, similar to above) Achiat, R., J. Guttormsen & R. Waworuntu (2009)- Complex geomodeling: Dayung Field a fractured PreTertiary reservoir in the Southern Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol., IPA09-G148, 15p. (Dayung Field 1991 fractured basement gas field on W flank of C Palembang sub-Basin (Corridor Block), S Sumatera. Mainly Permian meta-carbonate (Leko Fm), intruded by Jurassic (175-205 Ma) granitic complex. Sourced from onlapping Paleogene sediments) Adibrata, B.W.H., Y. Hirosiadi, E. Septama & A. Rachmanto (2004)- From non-economic into producing field, a case study in Ketaling Barat field, Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 166-171. (Field 5 km E of Jambi discovered in 1959 in E Miocene Baturaja carbonate, reappraised in 2001) Adinegoro, U. & P. Hartoyo (1974)- Paleogeography of North East Sumatra. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 45-61.


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(Broad Oligo-Miocene paleogeographic map of N Sumatra onshore, E of Barisan Range, between Tamiang River to N and Toba-Asahan River to S. Eo-Oligocene sediments in NE Sumatra basin 5000-7000 m thick. With discussion of N Sumatra geology and stratigraphy Adiwidjaja, P. & G.L. de Coster (1973)- Pre-Tertiary paleotopography and related sedimentation in South Sumatra. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 89-103. Adlan, F. (2006)- Potensi hidrokarbon prospek dalam pada lapangan-lapangan tua di sub-cekungan Palembang bagian Selatan. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, 7 p. (‘Hydrocarbon prospects in old fields in S part of Palembang sub-basin’. Ten old oil fields on Pendopo-Limau anticlinorium with 1340 MMBO oil and 3 TCF gas in place. Additional prospects remaining in this trend) Aernout, W.A.J. (1927)- Enkele nieuwere gegevens over de ertsafzettingen van Salida. De Mijningenieur 8, p. 73-76. ('Some new data on the ore deposits of Salida', W Sumatra gold-silver mine) Agus, A. Subandrio, S. Widada, Feriyanto, S. Rakimi & Wibisono (2005)- Carbonate development on the “TN” field in the Lematang Trough, South Sumatra basin. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, 13 p. (TN 1997 gas discovery in Baturaja Fm carbonate buildup on local high in Lematang Trough at ~12,000’ depth, and tested 30.7 MMSCFD from 250’ gross interval. Reef complex elongated, NNE-SSE trending, area 18.8 km2 and relief approximately 600’. Carbonate porosity average 6.8-9.6%, moldic/ vuggy and intercrystalline, microfracture type porosity in several areas with permeability between 0.32-1.7 mD) Akbar, M., B. Vissapragada, A.H. Alghamdi, D. Allen et al. (2001)- A snapshot of carbonate reservoir evaluation. Oilfield Review, Schlumberger, Winter 2000/2001, p. 20- 41. (online at: http://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_review/ors00/win00/p20_41.ashx) (Reservoir evaluation paper with example of M Miocene buildup in Sibolga basin, off NW Sumatra, with unsuccessful 1997 well due to lack of internal seals and late top seal preventing capture of early biogenic gas) Akuanbantin, H. & D. Ardiputra (1976)- Geology of East Benakat oil field, South Sumatra. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 59-68. (East Benakat first drilled in 1930, testing minor oil in Talang Akar Fm of NW-SE trending anticline. Renewewed interest and development decision after Pertamina drilled E Benakat 3 in 1973) Alamsyah, M.N., S. Marmosuwito, W. Sutjiningsih, L.P. Marpaung & S. Sukmono (2008)- Seismic reservoir characterization of Indonesia's Southwest Betara Field. The Leading Edge 27, 12, p. 1598-1607. (SW Betara Field 2005 PetroChina discovery in Talang Akar Fm of Jabung Block, S Sumatra) Alamsyah, M.N., A. Wasono Aji, Sihman M., B. Wisnu H. et al. (2006)- Reservoir characterization study to determine thin sand reservoirs using AVO Inversion and spectral decomposition analysis, 3D onshore seismic data of Ripah Field. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 06-RC-04, 6p. (Identification of Late Oligocene Talang Akar Fm NNE trending deltaic channel sands in 2000 Ripah field, Jabung Basin, S Sumatra) Aldiss, D.T. & S.A. Ghazali (1984)- The regional geology and evolution of the Toba volcanotectonic depression, Indonesia. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. 141, 3, p. 487-500. (Sumatra Late Quaternary Toba volcano-tectonic depression largest resurgent cauldron and one of largest ignimbrite fields (Toba Tuffs: 3000 km3 of acid tuffs over 20,000 km2). Greater part of Toba Tuffs single ignimbrite cooling unit, formed ~100,000 years ago. Toba depression formed after lithification of Toba Tuffs by collapse along regional faults. Resurgent uplift raised lake sediments in depression by 500 m. Eruption of Toba Tuffs and post-ignimbrite volcanism on line of W marginal fault of depression. This marginal fault once extended N offshore into zone of Miocene back-arc rifting)


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Aldiss, D.T., R. Whandoyo, A.G. Sjaefudien & Kusyono (1983)- The geology of the Sidikalang quadrangle, Sumatra. Geol Res Dev. Centre Indon., Bandung, 1:250,000 scale map, 41 p. + map. Alexander, W.L. & M.R. Nellia (1993)- 3D Seismic facies analysis of a reefal buildup: NSO' A' Field, offshore North Sumatra. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 137-168. (NSO-A1 1972 gas discovery in M Miocene reefal carbonates. Three facies identified on 3D seismic and wells: reef, near-reef, inter-reef. Near-reef and inter-reef areas better reservoir properties than reef core. Reef facies with zones of vuggy porosity correlatable to lost circulation. Dolomite only in reef facies) Alford, M.E., L.L. Cargile & M.B. Siagan (1975)- Development of the Arun gas field. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 173-187. Almon W.R. & W.C. Dawson (2000)- Paleosols as top seals for nonmarine petroleum systems, Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000, AAPG Bulletin 84, 9 (Abstract) (Paleosols in nonmarine- marginal marine facies in C Sumatra Basin densely compacted, cemented, partially recrystallized clay matrix. Porosity 1.5 -9.7%, perm. 0.2 -0.007 md. Paleosols good seals capable of retaining columns up to 4,600’ oil and 5900’ gas, varying with API gravity, T, and fluid density. Sealing capacity correlates with clay content and position in soil zone. Hydrocarbons can leak across paleosol horizons along faults or where breached by fluvial-tidal channels. Thick paleosol at 25.5 Ma sequence boundary appears to focus migration toward E margin of basin) Amier, R.I. (1991)- Coals, source rocks and hydrocarbons in the South Palembang sub-basin, south Sumatra, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis University of Wollongong, p. Amijaya, D.H. (2005)- Paleoenvironmental, paleoecological and thermal metamorphism implications on the organic petrography and organic geochemistry of Tertiary Tanjung Enim coal, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Rheinisch-Westfalischen Technischen Hochschule, Aachen, 170p. (online at: http://darwin.bth.rwth-aachen.de/opus/volltexte/2005/1266/pdf/Amijaya_Donatus.pdf) Amijaya, H. (2006)- Reappraisal of kerogen typing on low rank coal from South Sumatra basin, Indonesia. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI2006-011, 6p. (Low rank coals from Tanjung Enim area, S Sumatra, mean huminite reflectance 0.35-0.46%. Dominated by huminite (34- 95%), less liptinite (4- 61%) and inertinite (0.2-44%). Lowest Hydrogen Index (HI) values of 171 mg HC/g TOC; sample with high liptinite HI of 507 mg HC/g TOC. Kerogen type mainly type III) Amijaya, H. & R. Littke (2005)- Microfacies and depositional environment of Tertiary Tanjung Enim low rank coal, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 61, p. 197-221. (Tanjung Enim area, South Sumatra, low rank M-L Miocene coals of Muara Enim Fm. Sequence of maceral assemblages represents change of topogenous to ombrogenous peat and development of a raised peat bog) Amijaya, H. & R. Littke (2006)- Properties of thermally metamorphosed coal from Tanjung Enim area, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia with special reference to the coalification path of macerals. Int. J. Coal Geol. 66, p. 271-295. (Tanjung Enim Tertiary age coals thermally metamorphosed by heat from andesitic intrusion. Original coal rank subbituminous- high volatile bituminous, thermally metamorphosed coals medium volatile bituminousmeta-anthracite. Contact metamorphism Temp. 700-750 °C in most metamorphosed coal) Amijaya, H., J. Schwarzbauer & R. Littke (2006)- Organic geochemistry of the Lower Suban coal seam, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia: palaeoecological and thermal metamorphism implications. Organic Geochem. 37, p. 261-279. Amin, T.C. & S. Gafoer (1985)- Hubungan antara Cekungan Bengkulu dengan Sumatera Selatan pada awal Tersier. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1985, p. 49-60. ('Relationship between the Bengkulu Basin and S Sumatra in the Tertiary')


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Amin, T.C., Kusnama, E. Rustandi & S. Gafoer (1993)- Geological map of the Manna and Enggano Sheet, Sumatra, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Incl. fission track age of granite near Tanjungsakti of 9.53 +/- 0.55 Ma) Amin, T.C., Sidarto, S. Santosa & W. Gunawan (1994)- Geology of the Kotaagung Quadrangle, Sumatra. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Amir, V., R. Achdiat, M. Meirita & J. Guttormsen (2011)- Facies architecture and depositional relationship of Baturaja carbonates in Letang, Rawa, and Tengah fields, Corridor Block, South Sumatra. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-090, p. 1-14. (Letang, Rawa and Tengah eqarly 1990’s gas discoveries in Corridor Block E Miocene Baturaja Fm carbonate buildups. Two main carbonate facies, muddy platform facies and coral-algal reefal buildup facies. Build-up facies commonly developed above paleo-highs. Most porosity secondary vuggy and mouldic in leached coralalgal framework. Carbonate platforms separated by deep NW-SE intra-platform channels. Karstification effect related episodes predominantly developed in upper interval) Amlan, M.H, Hendar S.M., Yarmanto & I.A. Muswar (2006)- Influence of strike-slip fault in structural deformation of Asih and Asih North fields, Central Sumatra basin. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, PITIAGI2006-048, 10p. (Asih and Asih North two structural oil fields along N-S strike slip fault, about 30 km from Minas Field. Remapping of Bekasap and Menggala Fm with 3D seismic. Left-stepping en echelon folds and faults represent flower structure formed by NNW-SSE movement along older weak zone or ‘suture’ after SW-NE compression) Anderson, B.L., J. Bon & H.E. Wahono (1993)- Reassessment of the Miocene stratigraphy, paleogeography and petroleum geochemistry of the Langsa Block in the offshore North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 169-189. (Langsa Block Miocene series of multicycles related to tectonic phases. Each multicycle several cycles: 4 in B, 5 in C. Multicycle A not penetrated, but interpreted on seismic. Paleogeographic reconstructions basis for interpretation of source rock distribution. Two source rock types: (1) algal, probably lacustrine (initial AMulticycle) and (2) mixed marine algal/terrestrial (later A-Multicycle). Younger source rocks (B and CMulticycles) also identified but no oils typed to these. Oil generation started at beginning of Miocene in deepest grabens and still continues on graben margin. Gas generation started in Late Miocene in most basinal areas) Andi Mangga, S., Amiruddin, T. Suwarti, S. Gafoer & Sidarto (1994)- Geology of the Tanjungkarang Quadrangle, Sumatra (1:250,000). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. (SE Sumatra map sheet. With a.o. occurrence of Paleozoic? metamorphics (Gunung Kasih complex) and Menanga Fm mid-Cretacous sediments with Orbitolina, interbedded with basalts and arc volcanics. Associated amphibolite schist 125-108 Ma) Andi Mangga, S., S. Gafoer & N. Suwarna (1987)- Hubungan geologi antara Kepulauan Mentawai dan dataran Sumatra bagian Selatan.. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. ('Geological relationships between the Mentawai islands and S Sumatra') Andi Mangga, S., Kusnama & Suryono (2006)- Stratigraphy and tectonic development of Mentawai island, West Sumatra, based on plate tectonic theory. J. Sumberdaya Geol. (GRDC) 16, 3, p. 136-143. Andi Mangga, S., K. Sutisna & Suminto (1996)- Karakteristik batuan klastika Formasi Peneta dan kaitannya dengan indikasi minyak dan gas bumi. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 6, 52, p. 1-11. ('Characteristics of the Peneta Fm clastics and its relation to oil and gas indications'. Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous, NW side of S Sumatra basin) Andi Mangga, S., Suminto, Suyoko & K. Sutisna (1996)- Lingkungan tektonik formasi Mengkarang di daerah Dusunbaru, Jambi. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 6, 60, p. 16-20.


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('Tectonic setting of the Mengkarang Fm in the Dusunbaru area, Jambi'. Permian Mengkarang Fm sediments near Duabelas Mts with warm water fauna and Cathaysian flora. Early Permian island arc volcanics) Andi Mangga, S.A. & Suyono (2007)- Perkembangan tektonik dan petrogenesis batuan ranitan Kapur hingga Tersier di daerah Lampung. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 1, p. 69-82. (Cretaceous- Tertiary granitoids exposed in Lampung, especially SE side of Barisan Mts. I and S type granites, volcanic arc granites and syn-collisional granites and volcanic rocks related to subduction) Anggayana, K., T. Indriati, Syafrizal & Y.B. Adian (1998)- Kandungan abu dan sulfur batubara Air Laya Tanjung Enim yang berasal dari type highmoor pada lingkungan Pengendapan Payau. Jurn. Teknol. Mineral 5, 3, p. (Air Laya Coal, Tanjung Enim, S Sumatra, formed in ombrogenic moor, while Muara Enim coaly formation was deposited in brackish environment. Depositional environment reflected in sulfur content of roof and underlying sediments. Air Laya A-1 and A-2 seams sulfur <1% and ash contents increases from upper to lower part (~1 to 4%). B-1 seam sulfur <1%, ash contents are 4 2-9.9 %. Sulfur in B-2 and C seams postdepositional pyrite as cavity fill and framboidal forms) Anggoro, S., et al. (2009)- Finding by-passed oil in a mature field by reprocessing and reinterpreting existing 3D seismic; a case study of Petapahan Field, Sumatera, Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. Angraini, B. & T. Yonathan S (2011)- Sequence stratigraphy and facies analysis of Muara Enim Formation, to predict prospecting areas in TAC Pertamina- Pilona Petro Tanjung Lontar. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-157, 11p. (On Late Miocene fluvio-deltaic Muara Enim Fm, SW part of South Palembang Basin. Barisan Mts main clastic sediment source for M Miocene Air Benakat Fm and younger sediments; Sunda Craton is main clastic source for E Miocene Gumai Fm and older rocks) I Anonymous (1919)- De Lematang kolenvelden (met nadere beschrijving van het Boekit-Asem kolenveld). Dienst Mijnbouw in Nederl. Oost-Indie, Verslagen Meded. Indische delfstoffen en hare toepassingen 10, p. 130. ('The Lematang coal fields, with more detailed description of the Bukit Asam coal field'. Most likely author Tromp. Early publication describing improvement of normally low grade M-L Miocene Middle Palembang Fm coals to higher grades around young andesite intrusions. Mining of Bukit Asam coal started in 1916, by Netherlands Indies government. Four main coals/ coal intervals, named from old to young: Merapi (8-10m), Petai (5-8m), Soeban (7-10m) and Mangoes (14-22m), interbedded with tuff, sandstones and claystones) Anonymous (1921)- Uitkomsten van mijnbouwkundig-geologische verkenningen in Kerintji (Residentie Djambi). Dienst Mijnbouw in Nederl. Oost-Indie, Verslagen Meded. Indische delfstoffen en hare toepassingen 13, p. 1-24. ('Results of geological-mining reconnaissance in Korinci (Jambi Residency)'. Brief review of geology (mainly summary of Tobler 1910: folded Permian sedments overlain by Tertiarysediments and Quaternary volcanic deposits) and of gold-silver occurrences in Barisan Mts of SW Sumatra. With 1:200,000 scale geologic map of Jambi part of Barisan Mts, Rawas 'Slate Mountains', Lake Korinci area, etc.)) Anugrahadi, A., H.S. Koesnadi, Y. Surachman & D. Muljawan (2004)- Geological condition of the convergent margin system Off West Java and Southern Sumatra. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia & Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 279-285. (Short paper based on BGR 1999 seismic and bathymetry data; not much data) Aprilian, S., K. Kurnely & K. Novian (2003)- Rejuvenation of matured oil fields in South Sumatra, Indonesia. In: SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf. Exhib., Jakarta 2003, 6p.


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(Pertamina operates 55 mature oil fields in S Sumatra in 2 areas, Pendopo and Prabumulih. Rejuvenation projects resulted in 45.6 MMBO of additional oil reserves in 12 fields) Argakoesoemah, R.M.I. & A. Kamal (2004)- Ancient Talang Akar deepwater sediments in South Sumatra Basin: a new exploration play. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia & Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 251-267. (Two potential areas of Talang Akar Fm deepwater play in S Sumatra: C Palembang Sub-basin in W, and Benakat Gully in E. Expected reservoir sandstone wide range of rock properties and compositions. Tuffaceous content in C Palembang sub-basin may be derived from volcaniclastics in Musi Platform and Mambang High. Source rocks mature- overmature Lemat and Talang Akar Fm shales. Sources entered oil window in middle E Miocene and began generating gas in M Miocene. Trap mainly stratigraphic with Late Miocene- PlioPleistocene structures. Intraformational deep marine shales provide vertical seal) Argakoesoemah, R.M.I., M. Rahardja, S. Winardhi, R. Tarigan, T.F. Maksum & A. Aimar (2005)- Telisa shallow marine sandstone as an emerging exploration target in Palembang High, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 101-120. (Lowstand sands in Telisa shale Fm potential hydrocarbon target, but generally poor reservoir quality) Arham, M.A., A. Juniarti & E.F. Adji (2010)- Uranium mineralisation hosted by albite-rich granitoid rocks of Sibolga- North Sumatra. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-283, 10p. (Baturaja Limestone reservoir characterization model of Medco 'F' Field, 3 km E of Soka field, S Sumatra Extension Block. Ten oil producing wells, with average production of ~400 BOD. Some wells tight reservoirs) Ariani, S., A. Y. Sihombing, I.M. Gunawan, A. Setiawan, P. Adam & A. Tarmusi (2010)- Facies and sandstone distribution pattern of “M” sandstone reservoir in Air Benakat Formation, Sungai Gelam Field, Jambi Subbasin. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-167, 12p. (M Miocene reservoir sand in lower Air Benakat Fm in Sungei Gelam field interpreted as tidal deposits) Arnold, C.W. (1992)- A classical reservoir study of the Petani Field- approach to analyzing an older complex reservoir. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 487-515. (Caltex Petani field reservoir study) Arsadi, E.M., S. Nishimura, Suwijanto & J. Nishida (1989)- Preliminary report on magnetotelluric (MT) survey crossing the Semangko fault zone in Sumatra. Geol. Indonesia (J. Assoc. Indon. Geol.) 12, 1, p. 215-226. Aspden, J.A., W. Kartawa, D.T.Aldiss, A. Djunuddin, R. Whandoyo et al. (1982)- The geology of the Padangsidempuan and Sibolga Quadrangle. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 34 p. Atmadibrata, R. (1988)- Top of abnormal pressure zone prediction in the Arun gas field, North Sumatra. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 1-12. Atmosudiro, H.W. (1977)- Huff & puff stimulation, Duri Field. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 143-155. (Shallow giant Duri field in C Sumatra 1941 discovery. 516 wells drilled and 270 MBO produced by 1976. Steam injection used to increase viscous oil recovery) Aulia, K., R. Soeripto, D. Sudradjat & S.P. Silaban (1990)- Geo-traverse across Central Sumatra- Post Convention field trip, 1990. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-32. Aziz, A. & L.H. Bolt (1984)- Occurrence and detection of abnormal pressures from geological and drilling data, North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 195-220.


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(On abnormal pressures in Pertamina-Mobil "B" Block in N Sumatra Basin. Along Arun-Lhok Sukon High and adjacent deeps, overpressure in U-M Miocene Lower Keutapang and Baong formation between 4,000-8,000’ subsea. Overpressure believed to be related to rapid sediment deposition) Bachri, S. (2002)- Endapan danau Eosen di cekungan Ombilin, Sumatra Barat: suatu studi sedimentologi dan stratigrafi formasi yang mengandung serpih minyak. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 127, p. 2- . ('Eocene lake deposits of the Ombilin Basin, W Sumatra: sedimentological- stratigraphic study of the oil source rock') Bahesti, F. (2011)- Palinspatic 2D seismic restoration: simple method for reconstructing inverted structure and basin history, a case study in Langkat Area, North Sumatra Basin. Berita Sedim. 20, p. 22-25. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/bs20-sumatra.html. Restoration of seismic cross-section of Langkat area. Oligocene rifting followed by Miocene quiescence and Plio-Pleistocene 'Barisan' inversion. Detachment depth calculated at ~ 5000 ms in time, extension factor 0.2, compression 0.63) Bachri, S. (2002)- Stratigrafi batuan sedimen Paleogen sub-cekungan Kiliiranjo, Sumatra Barat. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 128, p. ('Stratigraphy of sedimentary rocks of the Kiliiranjo subbasin, W Sumatra') Bachtiar, A., M. Rozalli, F.I. Barus, K. Simanjuntak, H. Gultaf, I. Ansari & H.R. Melsa (2011)- Tectonics and sedimentation of Sihapas and Telisa formations based on outcrop study in Gunung Tua area, Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-449, 10p. (Outcrops along road from Gunung Tua to Padangsidempuan, N Sumatra, include Permian metamorphics and fusulinid limestone (Mergui microcontinent), Sihapas Fm and Telisa Fms. Provenance for synrift Sihapas Fm is Barisan area. Development of structure controlled by strike slip faulting) Bahesti, F., Taufiqurrahman & Anggoro Prima K. (2011)- Pemodelan struktur shale diapir Formasi Baoung derdasakan data seismik, singapan dan oil seepage di onshore Cekungan Sumatera Utara. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-029, 10 p. ('Modeling of Baong Fm shale diapir structures.., onshore N Sumatra basin') Barber, A. J. (2000)- The origin of the Woyla Terranes in Sumatra and the Late Mesozoic evolution of the Sundaland margin. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, 6, p. 713-738. (Jurassic-Cretaceous Woyla Gp of N Sumatra includes fragments of volcanic arcs and imbricated oceanic assemblage. Arc rocks intruded by granitic batholith and separated from original margin of Sundaland by oceanic assemblage. Arc assemblage underlain by continental basement. Quartzose sediments correlated with units in Palaeozoic basement. Continental sliver separated from margin of Sundaland in Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous in extensional strike-slip faulting regime, producing short-lived marginal basin. Separated Sikuleh and Natal microcontinents. In mid-Cretaceous extension followed by compression, crushing continental fragments back against Sundaland, with destroyed marginal basin now represented by imbricated oceanic assemblage. Volcanic assemblage and intrusive granites in Natal area part of Eocene–Oligocene volcanic arc. Radiolarian chert in Woyla Gp of Natal and Padang areas show it is part of Triassic- M Cretaceous ocean basin. Sikuleh microcontinent may be allochthonous and may have originated on N margin of Gondwana) Barber, A.J. & M.J. Crow (2003)- An evaluation of plate tectonic models for the development of Sumatra. Gondwana Res. 6, 1, p. 1-28. Barber, A.J. & M.J. Crow (2005)- Pre-Tertiary stratigraphy. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra- geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 24-53. Barber, A.J. & M.J. Crow (2005)- Structure and structural history. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra- geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 175-233.


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Barber, A.J. & M.J. Crow (2008)- The origin and emplacement of the West Burma- West Sumatra ribboncontinent. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, p. 18-21. (online at http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/001.pdf) (Combined W Burma-W Sumatra ribbon-continent has Cathaysian E Permian fauna and flora similar to S China and Vietnam. Evidence suggests it became separated in M-L Permian from E margin of Cathaysia as thin continental sliver and by M Triassic had moved along transcurrent fault system around Indochina into present position W of Sibumasu. In Miocene, two blocks were separated by formation of Andaman Sea) Barber, A.J. & M.J. Crow (2009)- The structure of Sumatra and its implications for the tectonic assembly of Southeast Asia and the destruction of Paleotethys. Island Arc 18, 1, p. 8-20. (From E to W Malay Peninsula and Sumatra 3 continental blocks: (1) E Malaya with Cathaysian Permian fauna and flora; (2) Sibumasu (W Malay Peninsula and E Sumatra) with glaciogenic Late Carboniferous-Early Permian; (3) W Sumatra, also Cathaysian. Woyla nappe is intraoceanic arc, thrust over W Sumatra block in mid-Cretaceous. Age of Sibumasu- East Malaya collision and destruction of Paleotethys Triassic? W Sumatra block derived from Cathaysia and emplaced against Sibumasu W margin by dextral transcurrent faulting. E Malaya block is part of Indochina block. W Burma block is extension of W Sumatra block, from which it separated by formation of Andaman Sea in Miocene. Woyla nappe correlated with Mawgyi nappe of Myanmar) Barber, A.J., M.J. Crow & M.E.M de Smet (2005)- Tectonic evolution. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra- geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 234-259. Barber, A.J., M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) (2005)- Sumatra: geology, resources and tectonic evolution. Geol Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 1-290. (Major overview of Sumatra geology and mineral occurrences) Barliana, A. (2002)- Oil and gas discoveries in the Baturaja carbonate play, Corridor Block, South Sumatra Basin. IPA News Letter, October 2002, p. 12-16. Barliana, A., G. Burgon & C.A. Caughey (1999)- Changing perceptions of a carbonate gas reservoir: Alur Siwah Field, Aceh Timur, Sumatra. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA99-G-160, p. 1-18. (1972 Alur Siwah discovery looked like substantial gas accumulation. First few wells gas column >110m in E Miocene Peutu Lst build up. OGIP estimated at 727 BCFG. Later wells found poor reservoir quality and OGIP estimates plummeted to 195 BCFG. Subsequent 3D seismic and infill drilling indicates OGIP of 717 BCFG) Barliana, A., T. Wahyudi & M. Chamberlain (1993)- Stratigraphy of outcropping Miocene deposits, Aceh Timur: implications for hydrocarbon exploration. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. IAGI, Bandung 1993, 2, p. 814-831. (N Sumatra Block A exposures of late Early Miocene Peutu Limestone, forming N-S ridge over 25 km) Baroek, M.P., T.L. Heidrick & K.D. Kelsch (1999)- Linked tectonics, a powerful new paradigm for deciphering the structural evolution of the Menggala North Field. In: SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf., Jakarta 1999, 26p. (Structural analysis of 3D seismic dataset of N Menggala field, C Sumatra, unraveling deformation patterns over past 30 Ma. Anticlinal trap formed by inversion of S Balam half-graben along N-S-trending S Balam Border Fault. Three episodes of deformation: (F1) Eo-Oligocene(45-28 Ma) transtension, (F2) Late Oligocene- E Miocene (~28-21 Ma) transpression and (F3) Late Pliocene (3.8 Ma)- Recent compression) Baroux, E., J.P. Avouac, O. Bellier & M. Sebrier (1998)- Slip-partitioning and fore-arc deformation at the Sunda Trench. Terra Nova 10, p. 139-144. Bartram, K. M. & L. Nugrahaningsih (1990)- A palynological study of the Sawahlunto Formation, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra. Lemigas Scientific Contr. Petrol. Sci. Techn., Spec. Issue, p. 123-136.


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Bassoulet, J.P. (1989)- New micropaleontological data on some Upper Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous limestones of Sumatra. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. TP 19, Bangkok, p. 227-241. (Latest Jurassic- basal Cretaceous limestones with Pseudocyclammina lituus from N Sumatra (Tapaktuan, Raba Lamno) and S Sumatra (Tembesi Basin), and Early Cretaceous limestone with primitive orbitolinids from Gumai Mts, S Sumatra. All representative of 'Woyla Terranes'?; HvG)) Basuki, P. & S.Z. Pane (1976)- The hydrocarbon prospects of the Baturaja Formation in South Sumatra. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 109-131. Baumberger, E. (1922)- Uber die Valanginienfauna von Pobungo auf Sumatra. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 16, 5, p. (‘On the Valanginian fauna from Pobungo on Sumatra’ (Jambi Basin)) Baumberger, E. (1925)- Die Kreidefossilien von Dusun Pobungo, Batu Kapur-Menkadai und Sungi Pobungo (Djambi, Sumatra). Verhand. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen., Geol. Ser. VIII (Verbeek volume), p. 17-47. (Lower Cretaceous fossils collected by Tobler in 1907 from 3 Jambi localities. Dark folded shales with ammonites (Neocomites, Thurmannites) and bivalves of Valanginian age in Dusun Pobungo and Batu Kapur show rel. deep marine facies with European,‘alpine’ affinities. Breccious calcareous sandstones with Nerinea in Sungi Pobungo also similar to European Valanginian species ('Himalayan Province of Uhlig 1911)) Beaudouin, T., O. Bellier & M. Sebrier (1995)- Segmentation et alea sismique sur la grande faille de Sumatra (Indonesie). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 409-416. ('Segmentation and seismic hazard along the Great Sumatran Fault, Indonesia') Beaudry, D. (1983)- Depositional history and structural evolution of a sedimentary basin in a modern forearc setting, western Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis California Univ., San Diego, 168p. (Seismic-stratigraphic interpretation of forearc basin of W Sumatra. Late Oligocene unconformity with subaerial erosion) Beaudry, D. & G. Moore (1981)- Seismic-stratigraphic framework of the forearc basin off central Sumatra, Sunda Arc. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 54, p. 17-28. (Forearc basin W of C Sumatra SE of Nias six seismic-stratigraphic sequences. Paleogene prograding slope deposits onlapped by younger Paleogene(?) trough deposits. Uplift associated with rejuvenation of subduction in Late Oligocene led to erosion of shelf and formation of regional unconformity. E Miocene progradation. Buried reef zone near shelf edge. Erosional unconformity on shelf and slope in Late Miocene/E Pliocene time. Late Pliocene flexure at W boundary of basin, displacing outer-arc ridge upward. Over 1 km of PlioceneRecent wedge in deep western portion of basin landward of outer-arc ridge. Up to 800 m of shallow-water limestone on shelf since M-Pliocene) Beaudry, D. & G. Moore (1985)- Seismic stratigraphy and Cenozoic evolution of West Sumatra forearc basin. AAPG Bull. 69, p. 742-759. (W Sumatra forearc 3 tectonic cycles: Paleogene orogeny, Neogene subsidence, Late Tertiary tectonism. Superimposed are 3 transgressive-regressive cycles. Paleogene and older metasedimentary and metamorphic rocks comprise basement beneath landward (inner) margin of forearc basin. Basement rocks and lower Tertiary sedimentary rocks deformed and eroded ~25-30 Ma. Continental shelf exposed to erosion, and basin deposits restricted offshore, coincident with Oligocene lowstand. Paleogene orogeny prior to erosional event that cut angular unconformity on shelf. Neogene characterized by subsidence and near-continuous sedimentation. Latest Oligocene basal transgression culminated in M Miocene. Alternating limestones and shales comprise two 2nd-order cycles superimposed on overall transgression. Pliocene regressive sequence due to influx of siliciclastics from Sumatra. Shelf-slope break prograded basinward nearly 10 km) Beauvais, L. (1983)- Jurassic Cnidaria from the Philippines and Sumatra. CCOP Techn. Bull. 16, p. 39-76.


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Beauvais, L. (1985)- Donnees nouvelles sur les calcaires ‘recifaux’ du Jurassique superieur de Sumatra. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, n.s., 147, p. (‘New data on the ‘reefal’ limestones of the Upper Jurassic of Sumatra’) Beauvais, L. (1989)- Upper Jurassic Madreporia and calcisponges of Sumatra. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. 19, Bangkok, p. 243297. (Upper Jurassic corals- calcisponges from N Sumatra, C Sumatra (Tembesi River) and Gumai Mts (S Sumatra)) Beauvais, L., M.C. Bernet-Rolande & A.F. Maurin (1989)- Microfacies analysis of the Triassic limestone of Sibaganding. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. 19, Bangkok, p. 195-204. (Massive Triassic reefal limestones at Sibaganding, Lake Toba area, N Sumatra with rare corals, calcisponges, and stromatolites) Beauvais, L., M.C. Bernet-Rolande & A.F. Maurin (1989)- Microfacies analysis of the Upper Jurassic limestones of Sumatra. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. 19, Bangkok, p. 299-309. (Upper Jurassic limestones of Sumatra with common corals but are not true reefs. Most species thin, in sediments with high mud content) Beauvais, L., P. Blanc, M.C. Bernett-Rollande & A.F. Maurin (1988)- Sedimentology of Upper Jurassic deposits in the Tembesi River area, Central Sumatra. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 22, p. 45-64. (Tembesi River area interbedded black limestone with Upper Jurassic corals and black shales-sandstones) Beauvais, L., H. Fontaine, S. Gafoer & J.R. Geyssant (1989)- The Cretaceous. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments. CCOP Techn. Publ. 19, Bangkok, p. 313319. (Cretaceous rel. common on Sumatra, especially S Sumatra. Lower Cretaceous limestones hard to distinguish from Upper Jurassic. Upper Cretaceous may be absent. Several localities with E Cretaceous Orbitolina) Beauvais, L., H. Fontaine, Suharsono & D. Vachard (1984)- The Pre-Tertiary palaeontology of the Sarolangun sheet, 1:250,000, South Sumatra. Proc. Geol. SE Asia, CCOP Newsletter, p. Beck, M.E. (1983)- On the mechanism of tectonic transport in zones of oblique subduction. Tectonophysics 93, p. 1-11. (Sumatra oblique subduction created strike-slip fault that traverses magmatic arc) Beddoe-Stephens, B., T.J. Shepherd, J.F.W. Bowles & M. Brook (1987)- Gold mineralization and skarn development near Muara Sipongi, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Econ. Geol. 82, p. 1732-1749. (Gold-mineralized skarns near Muara Sipongi, W Sumatra, in Permo-Triassic limestones and andesitic volcanics into which Late Jurassic I-type diorites and granodiorites have been intruded) Behaki, W.A., A. Sukapradja, R. Siregar, S. Djaelani, B. Sjafwan & R. Wisnu Y. (2012)- 3D pore pressure prediction model in Bentu Block- Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-104, p. 1-13. (Several wells in Bentu and Korinci Baru PSC blocks experienced blow-outsin overpressured M-L Miocene Binio sands: Baru-1 (1951), Baru- 2(1967), Korinci-1 (1983) and Segat-1 (1965). Overpressure thought to be caused by disequilibrium compaction and exacerbated by recent uplift and erosion) Bellier, O., H. Bellon, M. Sebrier, Sutanto & R. Maury (1999)- K/Ar age of the Ranau tuffs: implications for the Ranau caldera emplacement and slip-partitioning in Sumatra (Indonesia). Tectonophysics 312, p. 347-359.


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Bellier, O. & M. Sebrier (1994)- Relationship between tectonism and volcanism along the Great Sumatran Fault zone deduced by SPOT image analyses. Tectonophysics 233, p. 215-231. (Satellite images provide evidence for numerous stepovers, pull-apart grabens and volcanic structures along NW-trending right-lateral Great Sumatran Fault Zone. Geometry of the strike-slip fault evolves through time. Huge volcanic calderas in large releasing stepover fault zones and bounding faults of rectangular pull-apart basins are analogous to the circular ring faults of calderas. Toba caldera elongated parallel to present trace of Great Sumatran Fault and associated with wide pull-apart basin not active at present) Bellier, O. & M. Sebrier (1995)- Is the slip rate variation on the Great Sumatran Fault accommodated by forearc stretching? Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, p. 1969-1972. Bellier O., M. Sebrier & S. Pramumijoyo (1991)- La grande faille de Sumatra: geometrie, cinematique et quantite de déplacement mises en evidence par l'imagerie satellitaire. C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 312, 2, p. 12191226. (‘The Great Sumatra fault zone: kinematics and amount of displacement as shown by satellite imagery’) Bellier, O., M. Sebrier, S. Pramumijoyo, T. Beaudouin et al. (1997)- Paleoseismicity and seismic hazard along the Great Sumatran Fault (Indonesia). J. Geodynamics 24, p. 169-183. Bellon, H., R.C. Maury, Sutanto, R. Soeria-Atmadja, J. Cotton & M. Polve (2004)- 65 m.y.-long magmatic activity in Sumatra (Indonesia), from Paleocene to Present. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 175, 1, p. 61-72. (NW-SE volcanic arc location closely follows Great Sumatran Fault Zone (GSFZ). K-Ar ages show magmatic activity from Paleocene (~63 Ma) until Present. Spatial distribution increased at ~20 Ma, possibly connected to development of GSFZ. Position of Plio-Quaternary magmatic rocks shifted away from trench by few tens of kilometres relative to Paleocene- Miocene arcs, consistent with Cenozoic tectonic erosion of Sundaland margin. Samples display typical subduction-related signatures, but no clear geochemical trends. Lack of regular variations reflects complex igneous petrogenesis where contribution of Sundaland continental crust overprinted those of mantle wedge and subducted slab) Benigno A.Y. (2011)- Tektonostratigrafi dan pola sedimentasi endapan "syn-rift", area Karangmakur, sub cekungan Jambi. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-003, 35 p. ('Tectonostratigraphy and sedimentation patterns of 'syn-rift' deposits, Karangmakur area, Jambi sub-basin'. Descriptions of Oligocene- basal Miocene half-graben in N part of S Sumatra Basin, with four cycles of fluvial and deltaic syn-rift deposits (Lahat- Talang Akar Fms). With good seismic and well log examples and seismic attribute maps suggesting multiple deltaic systems, sourced fromW- NW) Bennett, J.D. (1978)- The structure and metamorphism of Sumatra North of Latitude 38°N. In: Proc. Second Symposium Integrated Geological Survey North Sumatra, 1977, Direct. Min. Resources, Bandung, Indonesia, 3, 1, p. 5-19. Bennett, J.D., D. McC Bridge, N.R. Cameron, A. Djunuddin, S.A. Ghazali et al. (1981)- The geology of the Langsa Quadrangle, Sumatra. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 15 p. Berglar, K. (2010)- The forearc off Sumatra : basin evolution and strike-slip tectonics. Doct. Thesis Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universitat, Hannover, p. 1-131. Berglar, K., C. Gaedicke, D. Franke, S. Ladage, F. Klingelhoefer, Y.S. Djajadihardja (2010)- Structural evolution and strike-slip tectonics off north-western Sumatra. Tectonophysics 480, p. 119-132. (Model for interaction between strike-slip faulting and forearc basin evolution off NW Sumatra between 2°N and 7°N. In Simeulue- and Aceh forearc basins strike-slip faulting controlled forearc basin evolution since Late Miocene. The Mentawai Fault Zone N of Simeulue Island and probably connected to Sumatran Fault Zone until end Miocene. Simeulue Basin two major Neogene unconformities, documenting differences in subsidence evolution along N Sumatran margin linked to subduction processes and strike-slip deformation)


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Berglar, K., C. Gaedicke, R. Lutz, D. Franke & Y.S. Djajadihardja (2008)- Neogene subsidence and stratigraphy of the Simeulue forearc basin, Northwest Sumatra. Marine Geol. 253, p. 1-13. (Simeulue forearc basin Neogene sedimentary fill up to 5 s TWT. Three stages of subsidence evolution after formation of regional basal Neogene unconformity. E-M Miocene stage marked by subsidence in half grabens along W border of basin. Late Miocene/Pliocene change to steadily subsiding trench-parallel trough. Present setup of forearc region under influence of strike-slip faults due to oblique subduction active at least since this time as evidenced by wrench faulting. At end of this stage subsidence expanded significantly E-ward, drowning large carbonate platform that evolved in the then shallows and E parts of basin. Central part of Simeulue basin presently subject to inversion, probably related to reactivation of E-M Miocene half grabens) Berman, A.E. (2005)- The Northern Sumatra earthquake of 2004; forty years of ignoring plate tectonics. Bull. South Texas Geol. Soc., San Antonio, 46, 1, p. 13-22. Bernheimer, F.L. (1986)- Central Sumatra seismic stratigraphy exploration model. In: Seismic Stratigraphy I, Proc. Joint ASCOPE/ CCOP Workshop I, Jakarta 1986. ESCAP CCOP Techn. Publ. 17, p. 89-114. Bianchi, N., E. Barres, R.M.I. Argakoesoemah, C. Syafri & A. Kamal (2007)- Managing uncertainties of petroleum system components in basin modelling studies: an example from South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 16 p. Bishop, M.G. (2000)- South Sumatra Basin Province, Indonesia: The Lahat/ Talang Akar Cenozoic total petroleum system. U.S. Geol. Survey Open File Report, 99-50S, 22 p. (Petroleum assessment S Sumatra Basin. online at http:// pubs.usgs.gov /of/1999/ofr-99-0050/OF9950S/index.html) Blow, W.H. & Banner (1966)- The morphology, taxonomy and biostratigraphy of Globorotalia barisanensis LeRoy, Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor and related taxa. Micropaleontology 12, 3, p. 286-302. (Taxonomy of planktonic foraminifera around E-M Miocene boundary. Includes strat column of Kassikan section, Barisan mountain front, C Sumatra, originally studied by LeRoy 1952) Boettger, O. (1880)- Die Conchylien der unteren Tertiarschichten (Die Conchylien der Untereocänschichten von Westsumatra; Die Conchylien des sumatranischen Krebsmergels; Die Conchylien des sumatranischen Orbitoidenkalks; Die Conchylien der unteren Miocänschichten vom Flusse Kamoemoe, etc.) In: R.D.M.Verbeek et al., Die Tertiarformationen von Sumatra und ihre Tierreste I, Palaeontographica Suppl. 3, 89, p. 29-120. (Eocene- Miocene molluscs from various localities of Sumatra, collected by Verbeek) Boettger, O. (1880)- Die fossilen Mollusken von Batoe Radja am Fluss Ogan. Palaeontographica Suppl. 3, 8-9, p. 92-98. (‘The fossil molluscs from Batu Raja on the Ogan River’ (Type locality of Baturaja Limestone in S Sumatra)) Boettger, O. (1883)- Die Conchylien der Obereocaen-Schichten von Suliki; Die Conchylien der oberen Tertiarschichten Sumatras. In: R.D.M.Verbeek, O. Boettger & K. von Fritsch, Die Tertiarformationen von Sumatra und ihre Tierreste II, Palaeontographica, Suppl. 3, 10-11, p. 17-151. (Additional short papers on Eocene- Miocene molluscs from Sumatra, collected by Verbeek) Boettger, O. (1883)- Orbitoidenkalk von Sumatras Westkuste. Palaeontographica Suppl. 3, 10-11, p. 19-34. (‘Orbitoidal foram limestone from W coast of Sumatra’) Bolt, L.H., M. Soepardi & D. Suherman (1984)- Drilling of Arun Gas Field. J. Petrol. Techn. 36, 5, p.771-778. (Arun gas field discovered in late 1971 in thick Arun limestone reef. Summary of drilling history. Problems of high temperatures, high-pressured Baong shales and saltwater sands above lower-pressured Arun limestone. Gas contains 13.75% CO2 and 0.005- 0.01% H2S)


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Booi, M., I.M. van Waveren, J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert & P.L. de Boer (2008)- New material of Macralethopteris from the Early Permian Jambi flora (Middle Sumatra, Indonesia) and its palaeoecological implications. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 152, 3-4, p. 101-112. (New material of E Permian Jambi flora. Comparison with related Cathaysian and Euramerican species show the isolated occurrence of alethopterid genus Macralethopteris in Cathaysian region) Booi, M., I.M. van Waveren & J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (2009)- Comia and Rhachiphyllum from the early Permian of Sumatra, Indonesia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 156, p. 418-435. (Early Permian flora from Mengkarang Fm of Jambi with Comia, Rhachiphyllum, Supaia-like material and an Autunia fructification, corroborating peltasperm affinity. Material shows strong relationships with North China and even Angaran region, and no Gondwanan elements, suggesting a migration zone running from N China Block to W Sumatra- W Myanmar terrane) Booi, M., I.M. van Waveren & J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (2009)- The Jambi gigantopterids and their place in gigantopterid classification. Botanical J. Linnean Soc. 161, 3, p. 302-328. (Two gigantopterid species/genera from E Permian Mengkarang Fm of Jambi similar to other gigantopterids, but not related directly. Possible scenario for evolution of gigantopterid leaf morphology) Boomgaart, L. (1948)- Tectonics and ore deposits of Mangani (Sumatra). Geol. Mijnbouw 10, 11, p. 293-298. Boyd, J.D. & S.G. Peacock (1986)- Sedimentological analysis of a Miocene deltaic system: Air Benakat and Muara Enim Formations, Central Merangin Block, South Sumatra. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc. p. 245-258. (Outcrop study of Miocene regressive Air Benakat-Muara Enim Fm transition in Merangin Block, S Sumatra suggests deposition in humid tropical deltaic system). Brady, H.B. (1875)- On some fossil foraminifera from the West-coast district, Sumatra. Geol. Mag. 2, p. 532539. (Description of foraminifera collected by Verbeek 1873, including Eocene Nummulites and Discocyclina from Nias island, first description of U Carboniferous or Permian fusulinids from Padang Highlands) Brady, H.B. (1878)- On some fossil foraminifera from the West-coast district, Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 7 (1878), 1, p. 157-169. (Repint of 1875 paper above) Briggs, R.W., K. Sieh, A.J. Meltzner, D. Natawidjaja, J. Galetzka, B. Suwargadi et al. (2006)- Deformation and slip along the Sunda megathrust in the great 2005 Nias-Simeulue earthquake. Science 311, p. 1897-1901. (Seismic rupture produced deformation above a 400-kilometer strip of Sunda megathrust, off N Sumatra. Trench-parallel belts of uplift up to 3 m on outer-arc islands above rupture and 1m subsidence farther from trench. More than 11 m of fault slip under islands) Brouwer, H.A. (1915)- On the granitic area of Rokan (Middle Sumatra) and on contact-phenomena in the surrounding schists. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 17, 3, p. 1190-1202. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012756.pdf) Brouwer, H.A. (1916)- On the post-Carboniferous age of granites of the highlands of Padang. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 18, 2, p. 1513-1520. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012618.pdf) (Contact metamorphism of Carboniferous (should be Permian) fusulinid limestone around granites demonstrates younger age of granites of Padang Highlands) Brouwer, H.A. (1915)- Bijdrage tot de geologie van Boven Kampar- en Rokan streken (Midden Sumatra). Jaarboek Mijnwezen 42 (1913), Verhand., p. 130-170.


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('Contribution to the geology of the Upper Kampar and Rokan areas (C Sumatra)'. Early review of C Sumatra surface geology, incl. Preteriary sediments and granites and poorly dated Tertiary) Brouwer, H.A. (1915)- Erosieverschijnselen in puimsteentuffen der Padangsche Bovenlanden Tijdschrift van Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 1915, 8 p. (‘Erosional features in pumice tuffs of the Padang Highlands’) Buck, S.P. & T.H. McCulloh (1994)- Bampo-Peutu(!) Petroleum System, North Sumatra, Indonesia. In: L.B. Magoon & W.G. Dow (eds.), The Petroleum System- from source to trap, AAPG Mem. 60, p. 625- 637. (Petroleum system in N Sumatra basin discovered reserves 15 TCF of gas and 1.0 Bbbl of condensate and natural gas liquids. Oligocene Bampo Fm principal source of hydrocarbons Miocene Peutu Fm potential secondary source. Timing of peak migration 12-4 Ma. Trapping efficiency of 3.6% calculated for entire system Much higher trapping efficiency (40-70% range) characterizes Arun gas field) Bucking, H. (1904)- Zur Geologie von Nord und Ost-Sumatra. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 8, p. 1-101. (‘On the geology of North and East Sumatra’) Budhitrisna, T. (1989)- Melange di Pulau Pagai dan Pulau Spora, Kepulauan Mentawai. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 13, p. 1-8. (‘Melange of Pagai and Spora islands, Melawai Islands’. Islands off W Sumatra with basal melange of sheared rocks with clasts of ophiolite, pelagic sediments, metamorphics, etc., overlain by Miocene-Pliocene sediments) Budiarto R. (1976)- Sunda Strait, a dividing line between Tertiary structural patterns in Sumatra and Java islands. Geol. Indonesia 3, p. 11-20. Budiharto, R. (1978)- Predicting source, direction of migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons within the Central and South Sumatra Basin. Geol. Indonesia, J. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 5, 2, p. 39-47. Budiharto, R. (1985)- Effects of the Indian Ocean plate convergent to the Central and South Sumatra Basin during Tertiary. Proc. Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1985, p. Budijono, B.D. Suprihatin & M. Yunus (1993)- Geological contribution to the enhanced oil recovery project at Kenali Asam Field. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 937-949. Budiman, A., A. Priyono, A. Samodra, F. Mu’in & M. Latuconsina (2011)- Fractures related fault analysis for basement reservoir identification in Pangea Block, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-124, 15p. (Structural modeling and seismic attribute analysis used to predict presence of fractures in basement rocks in S Sumatra. Main orientations of open fractures NNE-SSW and NE-SW, formed during Late Eocene extension) Budiono (1988)- Anomalous gas- water contact study, Arun field, onshore North Sumatra. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 49-72. Budiyono, D. & Y. Suprihatin (1993)- Geological contribution to the enhanced oil recovery project at Kenali Asam Field. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 937-949. Buhring, C. & M Sarnthein & Leg 184 Shipboard Scientific Party (2000)- Toba ash layers in the South China Sea: evidence of contrasting wind directions during eruption ca. 74 ka. Geology 28, 3, p. 275-278. (Two cores from southern S China Sea contain ash layers that with rhyolithic glass shards, dated ~74 ka, the age of youngest Toba eruption in N Sumatra. Composition of glass almost identical with Toba ash chemistry. Youngest Toba ash layers in S China Sea expand previously known ash-fall zone over >1800 km to E)


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Bunting, T., S. Singh, M. Bayly & P. Christie, (2008)- Seismic imaging of the fault that caused the great Indian Ocean earthquake of 26 December 2004, and the resulting catastrophic tsunami. The Leading Edge, Oct. 2008, p. 1272-1281. (Deep seismic image over area of 2004 tsunami earthquake) Bunyamin, A., T.K. Usman, B. Sutedjo, M. Latuconsina & M.F. Ma'ruf (2006)- Distribusi reservoir lapangan S Blok Japura (Lirik) pada sekuan M. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI2006-040, 8p. (On reservoir distribution in the 'M sequence' (main Lirik Sand) of the 'S field', Japura Block, Lirik Trend, C Sumatra. Of limited use due to lack of detail and disguised location names)

Burckhardt, R. (1906)- Uber die sechs in den untern und mittlern Palembangschichten gefundenen Selachierzahne. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aaardrijksk. Gen. 2, 23, p. 241-243. ('About the six Selachier (shark) teeth found in the Lower and Middle Palembang Beds'. Collected by Tobler) Burnaman, M.D., R.B. Helm & C.R. Beeman (1985)- Discovery of the Cunda Gas field, Bee Block, North Sumatra: an integrated geologic/seismic case history. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 453-495. Butterworth, P.J. (1995)- Lowstands and highstands in the lacustrine brown shale of Central Sumatra: field examples from the Teso block. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 577. (Abstract only) (Two distinct lacustrine basin-fill sequences in Pematang Fm brown shale in Teso area, C Sumatra) Cameron, N.R. (1981)- The geological framework of Northern Sumatra. Berita Direkt. Geologi, Geosurvey Newsletter 4, p. 37-39. Cameron, N.R. (1981)- The regional tectonic setting of Sumatra. Bull. Direct. Miner. Res. Indonesia, p. 137150. Cameron, N.R. (1983)- The stratigraphy of the Sihapas Formation in the North West of the Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. 1983-1, p. 43-65. (Sihapas Fm mainly product of Duri-Bekasap delta system from river draining into NE of basin from Sundaland. Second and thicker Barisan-derived depocentre in W of basin, related to rapid uplift and erosion of basement rocks W of Toru-Asik Wrench Fault ahead of magma which initiated E Miocene volcanic arc. Five units recognised) Cameron, N.R., J.A. Aspden & D.McC. Bridge (1982)- The geology of the Medan Quadrangle (0619), Sumatra., 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Cameron, N.R., J.D. Bennett, D.McC. Bridge, M.C.G.Clarke, A. Djunuddin, S.A. Ghazali et al. (1982)- The geology of the Tapaktuan Quadrangle, Sumatra, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 19p + map Cameron, N.R., J.D. Bennett, D.McC. Bridge, M.C.G.Clarke, A. Djunuddin, S.A. Ghazali et al. (1983)- The geology of the Takengon Quadrangle (0520), Sumatra, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 26p + map Cameron, N. R., M.C.G. Clarke, D.T. Aldiss, J.A. Aspden & A. Djunuddin (1980)- The geological evolution of Northern Sumatra. Proc. 9th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 149-187. (Three pre-Tertiary and one Tertiary- Recent volcano-sedimentary sequences, separated by unconformities. Late Palaeozoic Tapanuli Gp primarily clastic, probably glaciomarine (Permian?). Two deformation periods. Metamorphism prior to deposition of Peusangan Gp Late Permian volcanic arc assemblage (E-dipping subduction) and M-L Triassic back-arc succession. Late Mesozoic Woyla Gp volcanic arc rocks and dismembered ophiolite with back-arc basin cover sequence. Late Cretaceous basin closure and Tertiary low angle plate convergence resulted in deformation of Woyla Group ophiolite. Since at least Late Eocene N


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Sumatra volcanic arc activity, with sedimentation in fore-arc. Last event, contemporary with start of Andaman Sea sea-floor spreading led to rise of Barisan Mts in Pleistocene and growth of Sumatran Fault System. Serpentinites from Woyla Group ophiolite emplaced from latest Miocene) Cameron, N.R. & A. Djunuddin (1980)- The occurrence and structural evolution of a dismembered late Mesozoic ophiolite in N. Sumatra, Indonesia. Geol. Indonesia (J. Indon. Assoc. Geologists) 7, 1, p. 8-16. Cameron, N.R., S.A. Ghazali & S.J. Thompson (1982)- The geology of the Bengkalis and Siak Sri IndrapuraTanjungpinang Quadrangles, Sumatra, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 26p + map Carey, S., H. Sigurdsson & C. Mandeville (1996)- Sedimentology of the Krakatau 1883 submarine pyroclastic deposits. Bull. Volcanology 57, 7, p. 512-530. Carnell, A.J.H., P.J. Butterworth, B. Hamid, A.R.L. Livsey et al. (1998)- The Brown Shale of Central Sumatra: a detailed appraisal of a shallow lacustrine source rock. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 51-70. (Outcrop study in Karbindo coal mine, Kiliran sub-basin, W Sumatra. From base up: 25 m thick palaeosol, 18m black vitreous coal (gas prone source rock), in upper part with brown algal rich coal and freshwater carbonates, interpreted as ephemeral lake deposits. Overlain by 90m Brown Shale facies assemblage of seasonally laminated paper shales, grey shales, red weathering shales, turbidites and gastropod coquinas. Brown Shale excellent algal-rich, oil prone source rock (TOC 2.5- 8.9%, HI up to 743). Interpretation is shallow lake deposition, different from previous deep lacustrine basin interpretations) Caron, M.H. (1917)- Korte mededeelingen over Indische delfstoffen. Het zilver-gouderts voorkomen van Ajer Gedang Ilir, afdeeling Lebong der residentie Benkoelen, Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 44 (1915), Verhand. 2, p. 55- 69. (‘The silver-gold occurrence of Ayer Gedang Ilir, Lebong, Benggkulu’ Three gold-silver-bearing veins in propylitised volcanic breccia, 9 km N of Rejang Lebong mine) Carvalho, H.D.S., S. Purwoko, M. Thamrin & V. Vacquier (1980)- Terrestrial heat-flow in the Tertiary Basin of Central Sumatra. Tectonophysics 69, p. 163-188. Caughey, C., T.C. Cavanagh, J.N.J. Dyer, A. Kohar et al. (eds.) (1994)- Seismic Atlas of Indonesian Oil & Gas Fields. I: Sumatra. Indonesian Petroleum Association, p. Caughey, C.A. & S. Sofyan (eds.) (1994)- Geology of the petroliferous North Sumatra Basin. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Post Convention Field Trip, October 1994, p. 1-129. Caughey, C.A. & T. Wahyudi (1993)- Gas reservoirs in the Lower Miocene Peutu Formation, Aceh Timur, Sumatra. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 191-218. (Peutu Fm outcrops along Barisan Mts foothills vary from thin planktonic shaly beds to 75 m thick skeletal carbonates. Units dip E beneath coastal plain where gas-bearing carbonate buildups reach 300-500 m. Vuggy porosity in foram grainstones and coral boundstones. Platform facies thinner (50 m), tight limestone, sandstone, and shale. Widespread gas-prone reservoirs in Peutu Lst. Exploration success depends on (1) field size: presence of buildups critical for commercial accumulations and (2) gas composition: Peutu reservoirs contain H2S (generally manageable) and CO2 (6- 82%). CO2 from thermal decomposition of carbonates, highest where Peutu deeply buried and unconformably on Tampur dolomite or pre-Tertiary basement) Cecil, C.B., F.T. Dulong, J.C. Cobb & Supardi (1993)- Allogenic and autogenic controls on sedimentation in the Central Sumatra Basin as an analogue for Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata in the Appalachian Basin. In: J.C. Cobb & C.B. Cecil (eds.) Modern and ancient coal-forming environments, Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap. 286, p. 3-22. Chacko, S. (1989)- Porosity identification using amplitude variations with offset: examples from south Sumatra. Geophysics 54, 8, p. 942-951.


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(AVO seismic modeling used to distinguish between porous and tight E Miocene Baturaja limestone facies) Chalik, M., B. Pujasmadi, M. Fauzi & M. Bazed (2004)- Sumpal Field, South Sumatra- case history of the delineation and production of a fractured basement reservoir. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia & Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 199-224. (1994 Corridor Block Sumpal Field dry gas discovery in thin Oligocene sandstones and pre-Tertiary fractured granites and metasedimentary rocks. Structure NW-SE trending anticline with fault to NE. Hydrocarbons generated from Lemat and Talang Akar shales. Brief overview of Pre-Tertiary stratigraphy of S Sumatra.) Chambers, M.J.G. & A. Sobur (1975)- The rates and processes of recent coastal accretion in the province of South Sumatra, a preliminary study. In: Regional Conf. Geol. Min. Res. SE Asia, Jakarta 1975, p. (Palembang had open sea access 700 years ago, now 70km inland, suggesting coastal accretion of ~100m/ yr) Chauhan, A.P.S, S.C. Singh, N.D. Hananto, H. Carton, F. Klingelhoefer et al. (2009)- Seismic imaging of forearc backthrusts at northern Sumatra subduction zone. Geophys. J. Int. 179, 3, p. 1772-1780. Chesner, C.A. (1998)- Petrogenesis of the Toba Tuffs, Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Petrol. 39, p. 397-438. (In last 1-2 my, at least 3400 km3 of magma erupted in four ash flow tuff units from Toba Caldera Complex. Activity culminated with fourth eruption at 74 ka, producing 2800 km3 of magma and 100 km x 30 km caldera. First phase two-pyroxene dacite, successive eruptions rhyodacite to rhyolite with up to 40% crystals of quartz, sanidine, plagioclase, biotite, and amphibole. Much of the crystallization of quartz-bearing tuffs between 700 and 760°C at depths of 10 km. Dense welding of all units except top of youngest unit, and thick accumulations of rhyodacitic magma in the collapsing calderas) Chesner, C.A. (2012)- The Toba caldera complex. Quaternary Int. 258, p. 5-18. (Review of Toba Caldera, N Sumatra. During past 1.3 My, Toba erupted intermediate lavas, followed by intermediate pyroclastics, three quartz-bearing silicic tuffs, followed by intermediate to silicic lavas. Apparent migration of activity to W) Chesner, C.A. & J.F. Luhr (2010)- A melt inclusion study of the Toba Tuffs, Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Volcanology and Geothermal Res. 197, p. 259-278. Chesner, C.A. & W.I. Rose (1991)- Stratigraphy of the Toba tuffs and the evolution of the Toba caldera complex, Sumatra, Indonesia. Bull. Volcanology 53, p. 343-356. Chesner, C.A., W.I. Rose, A. Deino, R. Drake & J.A. Westgate (1991)- Eruptive history of Earth's largest Quaternary caldera (Toba, Indonesia) clarified. Geology 19, 3, p. 200-203. (Two youngest Toba tuffs dated as ~73 and 501 Ma. Timing of youngest and largest eruption coincident with early Wisconsin glacial advance) Chlieh, M., J.P. Avouac, K. Sieh, D.H. Natawidjaja & J. Galetzka (2008)- Heterogeneous coupling of the Sumatran megathrust constrained by geodetic and paleogeodetic measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 113, B05305, 31 p. (Heterogeneous pattern of coupling in Sunda subduction zone. Near equator, megathrust is locked over narrow width of only a few tens of km. In contrast, locked fault zone is up to about 175 km wide in areas where great interplate earthquakes have occurred in past) Clarke, M.C.G. & B. Beddoe-Stephens (1987)- Geochemistry, mineralogy and plate tectonic setting of a Late Cretaceous Sn-W granite from Sumatra, Indonesia. Miner. Mag. 51, 3, p. 371-387. (Hatapang granite in N Sumatra S-type two-mica granite with Sn and W mineralization. Rb-Sr age of 80 Ma. Identification of Cretaceous Sn-W granite in N Sumatra provides link with economically important Late Cretaceous Sn-W granites in Thailand and Burma)


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Clarke, M.C.G., S.A. Ghazali, H. Harahap, Kusyono & B. Stephenson (1982)- The geology of the Pematangsiantar Quadrangle (0718), Sumatra. Scale 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. + map. Clarke, M.C.G., W. Kartawa, A. Djunuddin, E. Suganda & M. Bagdja (1982)- The geology of the Pakanbaru Quadrangle (0816), Sumatra, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 30 p. + map. Clure, J. (1991)- Spreading centres and their effect on oil generation in the Sunda Region. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 37-49. (High-T spreading centre subducted beneath Sumatra, making cool area warmer. Indian Ocean crustal thickness thickens away from spreading centres, affecting Sunda Craton thermal regimes as spreading centres collided with craton. Wharton Ridge paleo-spreading centre collided with Sumatran subduction zone and created ridge/trench triple junction. Collision of Sunda Craton and W Sumatran spreading centre results in parts of trench with thinner crust and certain locations to be hotter. Outer arc basins usually considered nonprospective due to low thermal gradients caused by extra thickness of crust, but areas where spreading centre collides will only be slightly greater than one plate thick and warmer, increasing petroleum potential) Clure, J. (2005)- Fuel resources: oil and gas. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra- geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 131-141. Clure, J. & N. Fiptiani (2002)-Hydrocarbon exploration in the Merang Triangle, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 803-824. (Merang Triangle, S of Jambi, limited exploration. Talang Akar Fm production in Gelam Field in Baturaja carbonates and further stratigraphic potential highlighted. Plio-Pleistocene Sembilang High structural uplift resulted in erosion of thousands of feet. Uplift associated with regional tilt to SE, causing possible re-migration. Recent faulting broke up carbonate complex and off-reef platform facies now structurally higher than original reef crest, which resulted in earlier drilling missing build-up) Cobbing, E.J. (2005)- Granites. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra- geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 54-62. (Carboniferous-Permian and Late Triassic-E Jurassic cycles of syn-post collisional granites, peaking at 220200 Ma, with tin granites. Younger plutonism associated with arc volcanism, broad age range: 203-5 Ma) Collins, J.F. & R. Barton (1994)- Arun gas field and LNG plant, geology of the petroliferous North Sumatra Basin. AAPG, Pre-Conference Field Trip, p. 47-62. Collins, J.F., A.S. Kristano, J. Bon & C.A. Caughey (1996)- Sequence stratigraphic framework of Oligocene and Miocene carbonates, North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 267-279. (N Sumatra Basin Late Eocene - E Miocene early rift, E Miocene N6- N8 sag. Rifting produced N-S trending subsidence with coarse clastics (Bruksah Fm) in rifts prior to P22, followed by widespread marine shales (Bampo Fm) from P22 to N4. Foraminiferal mounds accumulated on ramps and crests of some rifts, with transgressions in P22 and N4. Marine Belumai Fm late rift (N4-N6) sands from craton filled grabens. Unconformity developed above early syn-rift sediments. Sag-phase subsidence accompanied by carbonate deposition (Peutu Fm) associated with flooding events at N7 and N8. On S structures transgressive platforms (N7) overlain by coral reefs or equivalent deep-water carbonates (N8). On craton, carbonate mounds and buildups overlie thick marine sandstones. Between these areas deep-water limestones and marls) Courteney, S., P. Cockcroft, R. Lorentz & R. Miller (eds.) (1990)- Introduction. Indonesia Oil and Gas Fields Atlas, 1, North Sumatra and Natuna, p. 1-11, A1-A3. (Overview of N Sumatra oil-gas fields. First discovery by Zijlker in 1885 at Telaga Said (cum. production 8.4 MMBO). Additional oil discoveries at Darat (1899), Perlak (1900), Serang Jaya (1926), Pulau Panjang (1928), Rantau (1929), Gebang (1936) and Palu Tabuhan (1937), all producing from Miocene Keutapang and Baong sands. Rantau field produced >200 MMB oil, over half of production from Keutapang- Baong play. Additional


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small oil fields developed in 1960's- 70's by Asamera and Pertarnina, all smaller than Rantau or Perlak. Arun giant gas field in E Miocene carbonate discovered in 1968) Courteney, S., P. Cockcroft, R. Lorentz, R. Miller et al. (eds.) (1990)- Introduction. Indonesia Oil and Gas Fields Atlas, 3, South Sumatra, p. 1-9, A1-A2 Courteney, S., P. Cockcroft, R. Lorentz, R. Miller et al. (eds.) (1991)- Introduction. Indonesia, Oil and Gas Fields Atlas, 2, Central Sumatra, p. 1-15, A1-A4 Crawley, M. & D. Ginger (1998)- Depth prediction ahead of the bit: a case study from the Singa-1 discovery well, South Sumatra: Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 251-264. (Singa-1 Batu Raja Fm carbonate buildup prospect in Lematang PSC, S Palembang sub-basi,n at 3026 ms (~12,000’), >3,000’ deeper than previously drilled Batu Raja targets. Pre-drill depth estimates from seismic stacking velocities not accurate enough for picking casing points, so look-ahead VSP and SWD (seismic-whiledrilling) employed during drilling to predict top reservoir) Crostella, A. (1983)- Malacca Strait wrench fault controlled Lalang and Mengkapan oil fields. SEAPEX Proc. 6, p. 24-34. (Two oil fields discovered in 1980-1981 in anticlinal structures along same N-trending left-lateral wrench fault, reservoired in Early Miocene Sihapas Group sandstones) Crow, M.J. (2005)- Pre-Tertiary volcanic rocks. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatrageology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 63-85. (Long range of volcanic activity in Sumatra: Carboniferous- Late Cretaceous and after. Most widespread E-M Permian and Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous) Crow, M.J. (2005)- Tertiary volcanicity. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra- geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 98-119. Crow, M.J. & T.M. van Leeuwen (2005)- Metallic mineral deposits. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra- geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 147-174. Crow, M.J., I.M. Van Waveren & S.K. Donovan (2008)- Tobler's oyster and the age of the Tabir Formation, Jambi Province, Central Sumatra. Geol. Journal 44, 1, p. 117-121. (Tabir Fm of Jambi long considered to be Upper Jurassic, based on small molluscs collected by Tobler and assigned to Ostrea. These are not oysters and other fauna/flora show Tabir Fm is Late Permian) Darman, H. (2011)- Seismic expression of some geological features of Andaman- offshore West Sumatra subduction zone. Berita Sedim. 20, p. 18-21. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/bs20-sumatra.html. Seismic examples of accretionary prism and forearc basins off NW Sumatra and Andaman Sea) Darmono, F.X. (1994)- Geological aspects of horizontal wells in Petani Field, Central Sumatra. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1160-1183. Darwis, A, S.E. Saputra & Drianto S. (2007)- Exploring in mature basins in Sumatra (Sumatera) Island, Indonesia: a historical review to challenge new idea. Abstract AAPG Ann. Conv., Long Beach 2007, 3 p. (online at http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2007/07114darwis/images/darwis.pdf) (Sumatra first discovery 1885 Still active exploration area, particularly South Sumatra. Three producing, 3 non-producing basins) Da Silva Carvalho, H., Purwoko, Siswoyo, M. Thamrin & V. Vacquier (1980)- Terrestrial heat flow in the Tertiary basin of Central Sumatra. Tectonophysics 69, p. 163-188.


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(Heat flow in Central Sumatra basin of calculated from 92 wells. Average gradient 3.7 °F/ 100 ft (67.6°C/km) and average heat flow of 3.27 ± 0.93 HFU, twice world average. Gradient and heat flow vary inversely with depth. Heat flow in N Sumatra basin, S Sumatra Basin, Sunda Strait and W Java is 2.5 HFU, while in Java E of 110°E it drops to 1.9 HFU) Daulay, B. & H. Nursarya (1996)- Petrografi batubara: aplikasinya terhadap lingkungan pengendapan di daerah Bengkulu. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 531-541. ('Coal petrography: its application towards depositional environments in the Bengkulu area') Daulay, B. & B. Santoso (2008)- Characteristics of selected Sumateran Tertiary coals regarding their petrographic analysis. Indon. Mining J. 11, 10, p. 1-18. (Type and rank variation of Ombilin and Bukit Asam Tertiary coals assessed in 170 samples. Coals dominated by vitrinite, common liptinite and rare inertinite and mineral matter. Higher vitrinite reflectance of some coals result of the local igneous intrusions in both areas) Davies, P.R. (1984)- Tertiary structural evolution and related hydrocarbon occurrences, North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 19-49. (N Sumatra along trailing edge of counterclockwise (CCW) rotating 'Sunda Microplate' in Tertiary. EoceneLower Oligocene high-angle convergence between Sunda and Indian-Australian Plates generated Npropagating, dextral, overstepping wrench faults along W edge of microplate. Late Oligocene CCW rotation of Sunda Microplate result of rifting in Thai and Malay basins. N Sumatra basin developed in Late Oligocene- E Miocene as horst and graben structures between reactivated dextral wrench faults along W edge of microplate. E-M Miocene uplift reactivated earlier rifted structures of N Sumatra basin, causing widespread erosion, followed by subsidence and first marine deposits. Second phase of Sunda CCW rotation in late M Miocene, continuing to present day, caused by emplacement of oceanic crust in Andaman Sea. Renewed convergence since late M Miocene at less acute angle, causing compression, inception of subduction complex along W edge Sumatra, uplift of Barisan Mountains, and regressive sedimentation across N Sumatra basin. Evolution of N, C and S Sumatran basins essentially identical) Davies, P.R. (1989)- Tectonics of North Sumatra. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf.Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1987, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 207-227. (Tertiary structural evolution of N Sumatra described as consequence of its position along trailing edge of counterclockwise rotating Sunda microplate, starting in Late Oligocene.) Davis, R.C., W.O. Ardjakusumah & I.S. Soemantri (1998)- Kinetic modeling of the Pematang-Sihapas(!) petroleum system, Malacca Strait PSC, Central Sumatra. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 3550. (Principal and probably only source rock for Malacca PSC oil is Paleogene Pematang Group lacustrine Brown Shale Mb., mature in Bengkalis Graben. Modeling indicates discovery farthest from Bengkalis kitchen likely sourced by long distance migration (~25 km), as local sub-basin (Rangsang Trough) is immature. Other subbasin (Padang Trough) highly mature due to very high geothermal gradient. Heating event responsible for petroleum expulsion extremely recent in C Sumatra Basin) Dawson, W.C. & T.H. Tankersley (1997)- Incised valley sandstone reservoirs: Kotabatak Field, Central Sumatra basin, Indonesia- case example. In: K.W. Shanley & B.F. Perkins (eds.) Shallow marine and nonmarine reservoirs, Gulf Coast Sect. SEPM, 18th Ann. Res. Conf., Houston 1997, p. 81-91. De Beaufort, L.F. (1925)- Het voorkomen van een osteoglosside visch in het Tertiair van Sumatra. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 49-52. ('The occurrence of an osteoglossid fish in the Tertiary of Sumatra'. Discussion of Eocene fresh water bonefish in C Sumatra, collected by Verbeek and Tobler. Described in more detail by Sanders 1934) De Bruijn Kops, G.F. (1853)- Tocht naar de Reteh Rivier ter onderzoeking van steenkolenlagen. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 4, p. 611-626.


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('Trip to the Reteh River to investigate coal beds'. Mainly travel log of trip in 1849 to Reteh River (between Jambi and Indragiri rivers) Sumatra E coast, where, after 5 days sailing from Kota Baru, up to 4 feet thick coals are exposed in river bank) De Coster, G.L. (1974)- The geology of the Central and South Sumatra basins. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 77-110. (Overview of C and S Sumatra Tertiary basins structure, stratigraphy, paleogeography by Stanvac geologist) De Haan, W. (1935)- Gesteeenten van Sumatra’s Westkust. De Ingen. In Nederl. Indie IV, 3, 10, p. 88-97. (Descriptions of igneous and metamorphic rocks from W Sumatra: Salida, Fort de Kock, Soeliki, Mangani. No maps or figures) De Haan, W. (1942)- Over de stratigraphie en tectoniek van het Mangani gebied, Sumatra's Westkust. Geol. Mijnbouw 4, p. 21-23. (‘On the stratigraphy and tectonics of the Mangani area, West coast of Sumatra’) De Haan, W. (1942)- Hydrothermale veranderingen te Mangani. Geol. Mijnbouw 4, 9-10, p. 65-77. ('Hydrothermal alterations at Mangani'. Sumatra gold mine) De Haan, W. (1943)- Gissingen omtrent de geologische gesteldheid in de omgeving van het Singkarak meer. Geol. Mijnbouw 5, 11-12, p. 86-89. ('Speculations on the geology of the area of Singkarak Lake'. Nappe stucture proposed for Singkarak- Ombilin area; Hahn & Weber 1981) De Haan, W. (1948)- The Mangani vein system. Geol. Mijnbouw 10, 11, p. 298-300. (On mineralization at Mangani gold mine district, C Sumatra) De Haan, W. (1956)- Dekblad of autochtoon in het Ombilin gebied (Sumatra). Geol. Mijnbouw 18, 6, p.199- . ('Nappes or autochtonous in the Ombilin region, C Sumatra’) De Haan, W., C. Schouten & P.M. Matthijsen (1933)- Monografie van de ertsafzettingen te Mangani (Sumatra) op de concessies der Mijnbouw-Maatschappij "Aequator". Verhand. Geol.- Mijnbouwk. Gen., Nederl. Kol., Mijnbouwk. Ser. 3, p. 1-212. (‘Monograph on the ore deposits at Mangani (Sumatra) on the concessions of the Aequator mining company’. Detailed descriptions of geology, rocks, mineralization and mine development of Mangani mine, West Sumatra, 185km from Padang. Gold in veins in steeply folded Miocene shales, related to Plio-Pleistocene volcanism) Deibert, D.H. (1961)- Geophysical exploration in Sumatra. Contr. Dept. Geol. Inst. Techn. Bandung 43, 9p (Brief Caltex paper on C Sumatra seismic acquisition) Delisle, G. & M. Zeibig (2007)- Marine heat flow measurements in hard ground offshore Sumatra. EOS Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union 88, 4, doi:10.1029/2007EO040004, p. (Hydrocarbon potential of fore arc basins between Siberut, Nias, Simeulue islands and Sumatra investigated in 2006 by BGR with marine-geophysical and marine-geological techniques) Den Berger, L.G. (1923)- Fossile houtsoorten uit het Tertiar van Zuid-Sumatra. Verhand. Geol. Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 7, p. 143-148. ('Fossil wood species from the Tertiary of South Sumatra'. Comments on identifications of Krausel (1922)) De Neve, G.A. (1945)- Mizzia in Palaeozoische gesteenten uit de omgeving van Palembang. Chronica Naturae, Batavia, 106, 9, p. 224-225. (Permian calcareous algae Mizzia velebitana Pia discovered at Bukit Pendopo, S Sumatra)


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De Neve, G.A. (1961)- Mesozoic orogenies in the island of Sumatra and their ore deposits. Proc. 9th Pacific Science Congr., Bangkok 1957, Geol. Geoph. 12, p. 116. (Abstract only?) De Neve, G.A. (1961)- Correlation of fusulinid rocks from southern Sumatra, Bangka, and Borneo, with similar rocks from Malaya, Thailand and Burma. Proc. 9th Pacific Science Congr., Bangkok 1957, Geol. Geoph. 12, p. 249. De Neve, G.A. (1984)- Quaternary volcanism and other associated phenomena attributed to volcanicity in the Aceh region, North Sumatra. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 67-113. De Neve, G.A. (1984)- Pleistocene- Holocene volcanism of Aceh (North Sumatra). Berita Geol. 16, 18, p. 150158. De Neve, G.A. (1993)- Preliminary outline of the inventory on the old workings and recent mining for gold and/other precious metals in the Aceh north and west Sumatra Provinces. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI),2, p. 926-936. Deplus, C., S. Bonvalot, D. Dahrin, M. Diament, H. Harjono & J. Dubois (1995)- Inner structure of the Krakatau volcanic complex (Indonesia) from gravity and bathymetry data. J. Volc. Geotherm. Res. 64, p. 23-52. (Study of inner structure of Krakatau volcano, Sunda straits, from bathymetry and gravity surveys) De Roever, W.P. (1966)- Dacitic ignimbrites with upwards increasing compactness near Sibolangit (NE Sumatra, Indonesia) and their peculiar hydrology. Bull. Volcanologique 29, p. 105-112. DeShon, H., E. Engdahl, C. Thurber & M. Brudzinski (2005)- Constraining the boundary between the Sunda and Andaman subduction systems: evidence from the 2002 Mw 7.3 Northern Sumatra earthquake and aftershock relocations of the 2004 and 2005 great earthquakes. Geoph. Res. Lett. 32, 24, p. (2004 Mw 9.0 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake initiated along Andaman subduction zone. Earthquakes history suggests S extent of stable Andaman microplate is ~50-100 km NW of previously reported). De Smet, M.E.M. & A.J. Barber (2005)- Tertiary stratigraphy. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra- geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 86-97. Dessa, J.X., F. Klingelhoefer, D. Graindorge, C. Andre, H. Permana et al. (2009)- Megathrust earthquakes can nucleate in the forearc mantle; evidence from the 2004 Sumatra event. Geology 37, 7, p. 659-662. (Seismogenic zone along subduction thrusts generally does not extend to forearc mantle below crust of upper plate. Great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake propagated downdip along interface between forearc mantle and subducting plate and nucleated along reportedly aseismic part of the interplate contact) Detourbet, C., O. Bellier & M. Sebrier (1993)- La caldera volcanique de Toba et le systeme de faille de Sumatra (Indonesia) vue par SPOT. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Ser II, 316, p. 1439-1445. Diament, M., C. Deplus, H. Harjono, M. Larue, O. Lassal, J. Dubois, V. Renard (1990)- Extension in the Sunda Strait (Indonesia): a review of the Krakatau programme. Oceanologica Acta, Spec. Vol. 10, p. 31-42. Diament, M., H. Harjono, K. Karta, C. Deplus, D. Dahrin, M.T. Zen et al. (1992)- Mentawai fault zone off Sumatra: a new key to the geodynamics of Indonesia. Geology 20, p. 259-262. (Oblique subduction in Sumatra region gave rise to Sumatra Fault Zone. New data show second ~600km long Mentawai strike-slip zone in fore-arc E of Mentawai islands, creating Sumatra sliver plate) Dieckmann, W. (1917)- Praetertiaire goudafzettingen en de hieruit voortgekomen stroomgoudbeddingen in het gebied tussen de rivieren Rawas (Res. Palembang) en Tabir (Res. Djambi). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 46 (1917), Verhand. 1, p. 78-153.


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(‘Pre-tertiary gold deposits and the alluvial gold deposits in the area between the Rawas and Tabir rivers', S Sumatra. Gold in veins in metamorphic rocks associated with old granodiorite intrusions and in deposits of most rivers in area) Direzza, A., S.S. Surjono & E. Widianto (2011)- Analisis stratigrafi seismik endapan syn-rift area Lembak, cekungan Sumatera Selatan: preliminary study for underexplored area. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-190, 8p. ('Seismic stratigraphic analysis of syn-rift deposits in the Lembak area, South Sumatra basin' Alluvial-fluviallacustrine facies interpreted from seismic in half-graben in SE part S Sumatra basin) Djamil, H. (1988)- Reservoir description of the Arun limestone in the Arun OBS-2 (A64) well. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 87-97. Dobson, P.B., T. Rahardjo, C.A. Atallah, F.I. Frasse, T.D. Specht et al. (1998)- Biogenic gas exploration in Miocene carbonate, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 349 (Poster Abstract. Nias PSC offshore W Sumatra fore-arc basin primary exploration play was M Miocene Isolated Reefs. Low geothermal gradient favors biogenic gas generation and entrapment. Biogenic gas in Miocene pinnacle reefs in 5 of 6 wells. Ibusuma #1 dry hole failed due to poor timing between vertical gas generation and entrapment. Analogous nearby Union Oil Suma #1 and Singkel #1 discoveries likely lateral migration component. Miocene carbonate porosity >23% log, 13.4-39.6% SWC, and 16-70 mD permeability) Douville, H. (1912)- Les foraminiferes de l’Ile de Nias. Samml. Geol. Reichsmuseums Leiden, 1, 8, 5, p. 253278. ('The foraminifera from Nias Island'. Descriptions of larger foraminifera from Nias from samples collected by Schroder and Verbeek. Includes Middle Eocene Nummulites bagelensis, N. Pengaronensis, Discocyclina (here called Orthophragmina) and Assilina javana, also Early Miocene Lepidocyclina spp. (Eulepidina and Nepholepidina). No stratigraphy, no maps (see locality map in Van der Veen 1913; HvG)) Druif, J.H. (1932)- De bodem van Deli. I. Inleiding tot de geologie van Deli. 1932. Meded. Deli Proefstation, ser. 2, 75, p. 1-158. ('The soil of Deli, 1, Introduction to the geology of Deli'. North Sumatra) Druif, J.H. (1935)- Over gesteenten van Poeloe Berhala (Straat van Malakka, Sumatra Oostkust). Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 38, 6, p. 639-650. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016745.pdf) ('On rocks from Pulau Berhala (Malacca Straits, Sumatra East coast)'. Island 90 km E of Belawan Deli mainly composed of granites, also aplite-pegmatite, gneiss, mica schists, hornfels. Gneiss and mica schist highly deformed, strike NE-SW, dipping ~35-40° to NW) Dufour, J. (1957)- On regional migration and alteration of petroleum in South Sumatra. Geol. Mijnbouw 19, p. 172-181. Duquesnoy, T., O. Bellier, M. Sebrier, M. Kasser, C. Vigny, F. Ego, I. Baha, E. Putranto & I. Effendi (1999)Etude geodesique d'un segment sismique de la Grande Faille de Sumatra (Indonesie). Bull. Soc. Geol. France 170, 1, p. 25-30. ('Geodetic study of a seismic segment of the Great Sumatra fault'. Deformation around central part of Great Sumatran Fault determined by geodetic surveys 1991-1994. About 90 mm displacement of far field points. Fault segment is locked. Slip rate calculated from far field points (27.5 mm/yr) similar with geologically determined long term slip rate (23 mm/yr)) Durham, J.W. (1940)- Oeloe Aer fault zone, Sumatra. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 24, 2, p. 359-363. (One of earliest observations of right-lateral stream offsets along Medan-Padang segment of Great Sumatra Fault zone)


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Durham, J.W. (1940)- Triassic fossils near Rantauprapat. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 1940, 3, p. 41-42. Dwiyanti, R., J. Prosser & R. Sosrohadisewoyo (2001)- Integrated lithofacies characterization within carbonates of the Baturaja Formation, Soka Field, using borehole image data and conventional cores. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 643-663. (Soka oil field recent Medco discovery in the central part of the Musi Platform, S Sumatra, an area known for gas production from E Miocene Baturaja Fm limestone buildups. Soka 1 170' of gas column. Field on S rim of NE-SW trending Pre-Tertiary high (Bungur High), composed of metavolcanics. Within limestone reservoir several upward shoaling successions; highly variable reservoir quality) Edwards, T. (2000)- Life in old oil fields: Arahan-Banjarsi Fields, South Sumatra. SEAPEX Press 3, 5, p. 1217. Ekaninggarani F. & K. Aprianto (2011)- Define clastic stratigraphic play on 2D seismic data with field analogy and geological concept. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-154, 11p. (On stratigraphic plays in S Sumatra basin. Ibul Field in Talangakar Fm distributary channel sand is proven stratigraphic trap with reserves of 25 MMBOE. Kalidua area N of Ibul Field may have similar traps potential) Elber, R. (1938)- Geologie des Kuestengebietes von Benkoelen zwischen Seblat (NW) und Bintoehan (SE) (Westkueste von Sumatra). BPM Report, 24p. (Unpublished BPM report on geology of W Sumatra coastal region near Bengkulu between Seblat in NW and Bintuhan in SE) Elbert, J. (1909)- Magnet- und Roteisenerzvorkommen in Sud-Sumatra. Zeitschr. Prakt. Geol. 17, p. 509-513. ('Magnetite and hematite occurrences in S Sumatra'. Occurrence of iron ores in mica schist formation of Lampung. Most of Lampong area composed of mica schists (more than mapped by Verbeek), mostly covered by laterite. Main strike of schist WNW-ESE, dips up to 75°. Locally significant magnetite ore bodies in schist (= banded iron ore formation of Subandrio & Tabir 2006?; HvG). Intrusions of red granites with some gold-siver mineralization. No figures) Endharto, Mac (1996)- Neogene geology of the outer-arc ridge: with a special reference of Simeuleu island, West of Sumatra. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 3, p. 470-487. Erb, F. (1905)- Beitrage zur Geologie und Morphologie der südlichen Westküste von Sumatra. Zeitschr. Ges. Erdkunde zu Berlin 4, p. 251-284. (‘Contributions to the geology and morphology of the southern West coast of Sumatra’. Mainly summary of observations on coastal geomorphology of Bengkulu province) Eubank, R.T. & A.C. Makki (1981)- Structural geology of the Central Sumatra back-arc basin. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 153-194. (Key paper on C Sumatra back-arc basin and hydrocarbons by Caltex. Newly described type of fold, Sunda fold. Basin with very high Temp gradient of 3.38 °F/ 100ft. Kerumutan Line separates Pre-Tertiary oceanic and continental crust) Everwijn, R. (1860)- Onderzoek naar kolen in de Residentie Palembang. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 21, p. 81-88. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen NOI 1879, 2, p. 163-171) ('Investigation into coals in the residence Palembang'. Early'Mijnwezen' survey of Miocene coal near Bali Bukit and Lematang River near Lahat, S Sumatra. Deemed to be poor quality lignite, less valuable than Borneo coals. Also oil seeps S of Bali-Bukit) Everwijn, R. (1867)- Verslag van een onderzoekingsreis in het rijk van Siak. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 29, p. 289-358. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen NOI 1874, 1, p. 83-155) ('Report on a reconnaissance trip in the state of Siak', Sumatra)


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Everwijn, R. (1873)- Onderzoek van Sumatra kolen en vergelijking van deze met andere koolsoorten. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 2 (1873), 1, p. 203-219. ('Investigation of Sumatra coals and comparison with other coal types') Everwijn, R. (1876)- Over nieuwe vindplaatsen van kolen in de assistent-residentie Bengkoelen. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 5 (1876), 2, p. 223-241. ('On new localities of coal in the Bengkulu province') Fahmi, M. (2010)- Sequence stratigraphy of shallow-water deposits in the Sihapas Group, Northwest Central Sumatra Basin. AAPG Hedberg Conference, Jakarta 2009, Search and Discovery Article #50254, 6 p. (Extended Abstract. Five transgressive-regressive sequences identified in shallow-water Sihapas FM in NW part of C Sumatra Basin. Depositional environments from fluvial to offshore marine/shelf. SW-ward prograding sandy delta front/shoreface-belts) Fatchur, M. & M. Irfani (1991)- Perkembangan “barrier bar” pada batupasir Formasi Keutapang bawah daerah Aru, cekungan Sumatera Utara. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 206-230. ('Barrier bar' environment for the Lower Keutapang Fm sandstone, Aru area, N Sumatra basin') Fatimah & C.R. Ward (2009)- Mineralogy and organic petrology of oil shales in the Sangkarewang Formation, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 77, p. 424-435. (Significant oil shale deposits in Late Eocene- E Oligocene lacustrine shales of Sangkarewang Fm, intercalated with thin laminated calcareous sandstones. Organic matter in oil shales dominated by liptinite macerals, particularly alginate (mainly lamalginite) and sporinite. Dominance of lamalginite in liptinite suggests material is lamosite. Vitrinite reflectance between 0.37- 0.55%, lower than reflectance for coal from overlying Sawahlunto Fm (0.68%). Algal abundance associated with carbonate deposition) Fauzi, R.M., R. McCaffrey, D. Wark, P.Y. Prih Haryadi & Sunarjo (1996)- Lateral variation in slab orientation beneath Toba caldera, northern Sumatra, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, p. 443-446. (Investigator Fracture zone subducts beneath Toba caldera, suggesting relationship to volcanism) Fediaevsky, A. & Sujatmiko (1975)- Existence d'une episode climatique aride a la base du Tertiaire de Sumatra. Proc. 9th Int. Sedimentology Congress, Nice 1975, 1, p. 79-85. ('Existence of a dry climate period at the base of the Tertiary of Sumatra'. Faceted sand-blasted pebbles from basal Tertiary conglomerate near Murobungo, Barisan mountain front, C Sumatra, below Talang Akar Fm white quartz-rich sandstones) Fennema, R. (1885)- Verslag van het onderzoek van het kolenterrein rondom den Boekit Soenoer, in de Ommelanden van Benkoelen. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie (1885), Techn. Ged., p. 5- 66. ('Report on the coal terrains around Bukit Sunur in the Bengkulu region', W Sumatra) Fennema, R. (1887)- Topographische en geologische beschrijving van het Noordelijk gedeelte van het Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie, 1887, Wet. Ged., p. 129-252. ('Topographic and geologic description of the northern part of the Sumatra West Coast province') Fennema, R. (1890)- Rapport over het voorkomen van petroleum in Beneden-Langkat, Oostkust van Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie, 1890, Techn. Admin. Ged. 2, p. 10-91. ('Report on the occurrence of petroleum in the lower Langkat, E coast of Sumatra'. Indies government survey with some drilling in 1886 lead to the founding of the 'Koninklijke Maatschappij tot exploitatie van petroleumbronnen in Ned. Indië', which became 'Royal Dutch/ Shell') Ferdyanto, G., E. Sunardi & Ismawan (2003)- Analysis of sequence stratigraphy, Lemat Formation to Gumai Formation, GN Field, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 29th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-13. (Basic paper; few specifics; no field location, not real field name ?)


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Feriyanto, F. Kamil, Y. Kusnandar & Y. Yanto (2005)- Successful identification of thin carbonate on paleobasement high: special case in Palembang High, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 91-100. (On seismic recognition of thin Baturaja Fm buildups on Palembang High, S Sumatra) Finger, K.L. & W.S. Drugg (1992)- Microfossils as indicators of deltaic subenvironments, Minas Field, Central Sumatra. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 225-237. (Depositional environments of E Miocene Bekasap Fm interpreted as fluvial delta plain to distal delta front or prodelta. Biotic distributions controlled primarily by salinity and pH gradients. Association of large coastal foraminifera with minute deeper water forms implies shoreward transport of latter and supports concept of tide-dominated Bekasap delta) Firmansyah D.A., A. Rifai, S. Yudho, A. Kamal & R.M.I. Argakoesoemah (2007)- Exploring shallow prospects in Iliran Basement High, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-141, 10 p. (Hydrocarbon exploration in Iliran High region since early 1900s, when heavy oil was produced from shallow wells around asphalt, oil and gas seeps. Down flank discoveries W Iliran and S Tabuan in 1980s. Iliran High remained high since Late Oligocene and focal point for hydrocarbon migration since Late Miocene. PlioPleistocene tectonics resulted in tilting to SW. Three exploration plays: crest-structure, down-flank, and fractured basement. Prospects all < 2500’, and seal highest risk) Fitch, T.J. (1972)- Plate convergence, transcurrent faults, and internal deformation adjacent to Southeast Asia and the western Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 77, p.4432-4460. Fitrianto, T., H.N. Saputra, B. Syam & A.H. Purwanto (2012)- The origin, distribution and prediction of CO2 in South Sumatra, a case study: Jabung Block and surrounding area. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-025, p. 1-10. (Several gas discoveries in S Sumatra Jabung, South Jambi and Corridor Blocks CO2 contents 40%- 90% CO2 or more. Carbon isotopes in Jabung area suggest origin of CO2 mainly from inorganic mantle degassing, with minor contribution from thermal breakdown of kerogen and carbonate) Fletcher, G. & Yarmanto (1993)- Post-Convention fieldtrip 1993- Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 71 p. Fliegel, G. (1901)- Uber Oberkarbonische Faunen aus Ost und Sudasien. I. Oberkarbonische Fauna von Padang. Palaeontographica 48, 2-3, p. 91-136. ('On Upper Carboniferous faunas from East and South Asia, 1. Upper Carboniferous of Padang') Fontaine, H. (1983)- Some Permian corals from the Highlands of Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 4, p. 1-31. (Middle Permian reefal limestone from Guguk Bulat and Silungkang areas E of Singkarak lake, C Sumatra. Coral faunas include Wentzelloides, etc., and similar to those from mainland SE Asia) Fontaine, H. (1986)- Microfacies of a few Permian limestones of Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 18, p. 148-157. (Incl. photomicrographs of Permian foram-algal grainstones-packstones and oolitic limestone from Jambi Province) Fontaine, H. (1986)- Discovery of Lower Permian corals in Sumatra. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p.183-191. (First record of E Permian corals from Sumatra, in Jambi Province (Pulau Apat, Muara Liso, Batu Gajah, Batu Impi). Associated with M-L Asselian Pseudoschwagerina zone fusulinids. Lower Permian sediments well developed in upper Mesumai River area and represent forested volcanic arc surrounded by shallow sea)


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Fontaine, H. (1989)- Lower Carboniferous corals. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Paper 19, Bangkok, p. 41-44. (Corals present but not prolific in Lower Carboniferous limestones of N and C Sumatra. Mainly solitary Rugosa (Zaphrentites) and compound Rugosa (Siphodendron). No massive Rugosa found) Fontaine, H. (1989)- Lower Permian corals of Sumatra. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Paper 19, Bangkok, p. 95-98. (Rugose and large tabulate corals from two Lower Permian localities along Mesumai River, Jambi Province) Fontaine, H. (1989)- Middle Permian corals of Sumatra. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Paper 19, Bangkok, p. 149-165. (M Permian tabulate and rugose corals from three localities. Guguk Bulat rich and massive tetracorallia colonies and is reefal facies) Fontaine, H. (1990)- Guguk Bulat, a very famous Permian limestone locality of Sumatra, Indonesia. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) Ten years of CCOP Research on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia, CCOP Techn. Publ., 20, p. 43-54. (Reprint of 1982 paper in CCOP Newsletter. Classic locality 3.5 km NE of Singkarak Lake in Padang Highlands of ~150m thick grey, bedded M Permian limestone rich in corals (including massive tetracorallia of Waagenophyllidae family), tubular sponges, algae and occasional fusulinids (type locality of Sumatrina, also Verbeekina). Faunas many similarities with M Permian rocks on SE Asia mainland. Limestone not metamorphosed, but some local recrystallization near ?Triassic granite intrusions) Fontaine, H., M.S. Asiah & S.H.Sanatul (1992)- Pre-Tertiary limestones found at the bottom of wells drilled in Malacca Straits. CCOP Newsl. 17, 4, p.12-17. (Four wells: Singa Besar-1 with Permian fossils, including foram genus Shanita at depth 2630’- 2740’) Fontaine, H. & L. Beauvais (1985)- Stratigraphic units, fossil localities, oil wells, radiometric dating, paleogeography. In: The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, 22nd CCOP Session, Guangzhou, p. Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (eds.) (1989)- The pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments. Comm. Coord. Joint Prosp. Mineral Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Techn. Publ. TP 19, Bangkok, 356 p. (Main localities: Aceh area, Tapaktuan, Sungai Alas, Rantauprapat, Sibaganding near Lake Toba, Sawahlunto, Agam River, Kuantan Go) Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- Pre-Carboniferous rocks. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. TP 19, Bangkok, p. 15-17. (Pre-Carboniferous ages postulated for low-metamorphic sediments wells in C Sumatra and for metamorphics in Lampung, S Sumatra (possibly Archean; Umbgrove 1938)) Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- The Carboniferous. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. TP 19, Bangkok, p. 19-29. (Carboniferous rel. widespread in N Sumatra and correlate with Carboniferous of westerm Malay Peninsula. Kuantan Fm shows affinities with Carboniferous of eastern Malay Peninsula. N Sumatra Bohorok Fm contains pebbly mudstones, of possible glacial origin. Lower Carboniferous limestones with cosmopolitan foram faunas) Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- The Lower Permian. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. TP 19, Bangkok, p. 47-51. (Lower Permian of Merangin River area W of Bangko, Jambi Province, well known since 1930's for its Cathaysian 'Jambi Flora' in Mengkarang Fm. Associated with limestones with fusulinids, incl Monodiexodina wanneri. This E Permian flora and fauna similarities with C Euroe; nothing similar in Australia) Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- The Middle Permian. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. TP 19, Bangkok, p. 99-112.


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(Middle Permian of Padang Highlands well-known since early 1900's. Also at Bukit Pendopo, S Sumatra and in N Sumatra. Volcanics common, associated with fusulinid limestones) Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- Upper Permian- Lower Triassic. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The PreTertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. TP 19, Bangkok, p. 167. (Upper Permian not established with certainty on Sumatra. Lower Triassic also absent or rare) Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- Triassic. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. TP 19, Bangkok, p. 169-177. (Late Triassic sediments known from N Sumatra since 1899. Also present in Padang Highlands, Lake Toba area, Bangka and Belitung (Norian), etc. Deep water Mutus assemblage in oilwells in Pakanbaru area, C Sumatra) Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- The Jurassic. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. TP 19, Bangkok, p. 207- 225. (Overview of Jurassic localities in N, C and S Sumatra.Almost 30 formations identified. Mainly shallow marine shelf deposits) Fontaine, H., S. Gafoer & Suharsono (1990)- Well-dated horizons of the pre-Tertiary of Sumatra. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) Ten years of CCOP research on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia, CCOP Techn. Publ. 20, p. 55-58. (Reprint of 1988 paper in CCOP Newslett. 13, 2, p. 26-30. Table of occurrences of fossiliferous Lower Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous outcrops on Sumatra) Fontaine, H. & D. Vachard (1981)- A note on the discovery of Lower Carboniferous (Middle Visean) in Central Sumatra. CCOP Newslett. 8, 1, p. 14-18. (Lower Carboniferous limestones with M Visean foraminifera in Agam River, E of Bukit Tinggi along road to Payakumbuh. Lower Carboniferous limestones rel. poor in fossils and darker than associated Permian fusulinid limestone. Have not undergone regional metamorphism, just local contact metamorphism around igneous intrusions) Fontaine, H. & D. Vachard (1990)- A note on the discovery of Lower Carboniferous (Middle Visean) in Central Sumatra. CCOP Techn. Publ. 20, p. 35-41. (Reprint of paper above) Fontaine, H. & D. Vachard (1984)- New palaeontological data on the Upper Paleozoic of Sumatra. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, n.s., 147, p. 49-54. (Lower Carboniferous corals in Padang Highlands may be considered part of Chinese province. Early Permian volcanics, clastics and limestone with fusulinids in Jambi Province; no evidence of glaciations) Fontaine, H. & D. Vachard (1986)- Study of Permian samples collected from Sumatra. CCOP Techn. Bull. 18, p. 112-116. (Brief review of five Permian limestone localities in Jambi Province, one Asselian, others Murgabian in age) Ford, C. (1985)- Tales from the files: an historical perspective of oil exploration in Sumatra. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 401-403. Franke, D., M. Schnabel, S. Ladage, D.R. Tappin, S. Neben, Y.S. Djajadihardja, C. Muller, H. Kopp & C. Gaedicke (2008)- The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquakes-imaging the boundary between the ruptures of the great 2004 and 2005 earthquakes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 269, p. 118-130. (Ridge on subducting Indo-Australian oceanic crust may exert control on margin segmentation. Ridge masked by sediment; most likely trend NNE–SSW. Interpreted as fracture zone on subducting oceanic plate) Frech, F. & O.E. Meyer (1922)- Mitteljurassische Bivalven von Sungi Temalang im Schieferbarissan (Residentschaft Djambi). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 5, 5. p. 223-229.


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('Middle Jurassic bivalves from Sungei Temalang, Jambi, in the ‘Schieferbarisan’. Small bivalve fauna of probable M Jurassic age collected by Tobler in isoclinally folded phyllitic rocks in tributary of Limun River in S part of Jambi Residency. With Astarte, spp., Opis and Cypricardia. Ammonites-belemnites absent) Frijling, H. (1928)- Geologisch-mijnbouwkundig onderzoek in den omtrek van de Asahan- and Koealoe rivieren (Toba landen, Oost Sumatra). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 54 (1925), Verhand. 2, p. 153-173. (‘Geological-mining investigation around the Asahan and Kualu rivers, Toba Lands, E Sumatra’. Primarily an investigation of folded Triassic limestones, unconformably overlain by Eocene conglomerates and coaly beds) Fuse, A., K. Tsukada, W. Kato, H. Honda, A. Sulaeman, S. Troyer, L. Wamsteeker, M. Abdullah, R.C. Davies & P. Lunt (1996)- Hydrocarbon kitchen and migration assessment of North Aceh Offshore Basin, North Sumatra, Indonesia from views of sequence stratigraphy and organic geochemistry. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 15-28. (Hydrocarbon generation and migration pathways evaluated for the deep-water N Aceh Offshore Basin. Best source-rock is the transgressive marine Bampo mudstone (P21 to N4), which is primarily gas-prone. Migration pathway map defined three migration fairways from the North Lho Sukon Deep to its peripheries) Gafoer, S. (2002)- Stratigrafi dan mintakat Pra-Tersier di Sumatra bagian selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 121, p. 2- . ('Stratigraphy and Pre-Tertiary in South Sumatra') Gafoer, S. & T.C. Amin (1993)- Tinjauan kembali geologi Pra-Tersier daerah Garba, Sumatera Selatan. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 16, p. 17-26. (New geologic observations in the pre-Tertiary area of Garba, S Sumatra. Oldest rocks are low-grade metamorphics of possible Carboniferous age. Tectonically juxtaposed against Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous volcanic rocks and chert of possible oceanic affinity in E Cretaceous (mélange complex). Both rock types intruded by Late Cretaceous granites; 116-80 Ma) Gafoer S., T.C. Amin & R. Pardede (1992)- Geological map of the Bengkulu Quadrangle, Sumatra, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Gafoer S., T.C. Amin & R. Pardede (1994)- Geological map of the Baturaja Quadrangle, Sumatra. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Gafoer, S., G. Burhan & J. Purnomo (1986)- The geology of the Palembang Quadrangle, Sumatra (Quadrangle 1013), 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 18 p. + map Gafoer, S., T. Cobrie & J. Purnomo (1986)- The geology of the Lahat Quadrangle, Sumatra (Quadrangle 1012), 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 25 p. + map Gafoer, S. & K.D. Kusumah (2002)- Cekungan batubara paleogen daerah Pangkalan Kotabaru dan sekitarnya, Sumatra Barat-Riau. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 129, p. 2('Paleogene coal basins in the area of Pangkalan Kotabaru and surroundings, Sumatra West Riau') Gafoer, S., K.D. Kusumah & N. Suryono (2001)- Kegiatan tektonik Tersier: hubunannya dengan pembentukan cekungan dan akumulasi batubara di sub-cekungan Jambi bagian Barat. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 26, p. 73-97. (‘Relations between Tertiary tectonics and coal deposits in W Jambi sub-basin, S Sumatra’) Gafoer, S. & M.M. Purbo-Hadiwidjoyo (1986)- The geology of Southern Sumatra and its bearing on the occurrence of mineral deposits. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 12, p. 15-30. (Oldest rocks in S Sumatra locally metamorphosed Carboniferous and Permian sediments. Silurian- Devonian granites known from two wells. Also Permian volcanics, unconformably overlain by Triassic clastics. Late


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Triassic tin-granites on Bangka-Belitung. Flysch-type U Jurassic- Lw Cretaceous. M-Late Cretaceous granites and Kikim Tuffs. Widespread Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene ‘Old Andesite’ along Barisan Range ) Gasparon, M. (1994)- Origin and evolution of mafic volcanics of Sumatra (Indonesia): their mantle sources, and the role of subducted oceanic sediments and crustal contamination. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Tasmania, p. Gasparon, M. (2005)- Quaternary volcanicity. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra: geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc. London, Mem. 31, Chapter 9, p. 120-130. Gasparon, M. & R. Varne (1995)- Sumatran granitoids and their relationship to Southeast Asian terranes. Tectonophysics 251, 1-4, p. 277-299. Geinitz, H.B. (1876)- Zur Geologie von Sumatra. Palaeontographica 22, p. 399-404. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1878, 1, p. 127-137) ('On the geology of Sumatra'. One of first papers on Sumatra West coast geology, with descriptions of fusulinids, brachiopods, etc.. Companion paper by Von der Marck (1876) on Tertiary fossil fish from region, p. 405-414) Genrich, J.F., Y. Bock, R. McCaffrey, L. Prawirodirdjo, C.W. Stevens, S.S.O. Puntodewo, C. Subarya, & S. Wdowinski (2000)- Distribution of slip at the northern Sumatran fault system. J. Geophys. Res. 105, p. 28,32728,342. (Sumatran fault in N Sumatra (1°S- 3°N) GPS-derived slip rates increase slightly N-ward from 23 mm/yr at 0.8°S to 26 mm/yr at 2.7°N. Banda Aceh embayment is extruded to NW at 5 mm/yr. N part of back arc basin is part of rigid Sunda Shelf, while N forearc is subjected to extension nearly parallel to arc Gibbons, A. J.M. Whittaker & P. Muller (2010)- Revisiting the magnetic anomalies along the West Australian margin identifies a new continental fragment that accreted to Sumatra during the Early Eocene. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010, Abstract #T13C-2223. (Abstract only) (Reconstruction of abyssal plains along W Australian margin reveals that, apart from Greater India and Argoland, a third continental block (Gascoyneland) must also have rifted from Australia since Jurassic. From 132 Ma it formed the stretched continental crust of Exmouth Plateau and then oceanic crust of Gascoyne and Cuvier abyssal plains. At 115 Ma Gascoyneland began moving N while Greater India continued W. Gascoyneland would have reached W Sumatra at ~60 Ma. Woyla Group, consisting of the Sikuleh, Natal and Bengkulu terranes, alongW coast of Sumatra, identified as oceanic arc, which accreted in Jurassic-Early Cretaceous after formation of short-lived, narrow marginal seaand may overlie continental crust due to the presence of the Sikuleh granitoid batholith. We propose Gascoyneland now buried beneath Woyla Terrane) Ginger, D. & K. Fielding (2005)- The petroleum systems and future potential of the South Sumatra basin. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 67- 89. (S Sumatra Basin mixed terrigenous, volcaniclastic and carbonate fill. Five main plays: Pre-Tertiary fractured basement, Oligocene-E Miocene (Lower Talang Akar Fm) fluvio-deltaic sandstones, E Miocene (Batu Raja Fm) carbonates and E Miocene (Gumai Fm) and M Miocene (Air Benakat Fm) shallow marine sandstones. Oligocene-E Miocene age lacustrine and deltaic source rocks. Pinch-out of Oligocene and Miocene regional seals limit prospectivity on E side of basin. Cumulative oil production >2 BBO, original gas reserves 22 TCF, with <6 TCF produced. Undiscovered 6 -10 TCF of gas and 0.2- 0.5 MMB oil in proven plays) Gluyas J. & N. Oxtoby (1995)- Diagenesis: a short (2 million year) story- Miocene sandstones of Central Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Sedim. Res. A65, p. 513-521. (Cementation of Miocene Sihapas Fm sands different in two adjacent oilfields: shallow Melibur Field (300 m) uncemented, deeper Kurau Field (1430 m) has common quartz and illite cement, reducing porosity from 30 to 20%. Cementation believed to have taken place in last 2 My. Conclusion disputed by Wilkinson et al. 1998) Graha, D.S., S. Permanadewi & D.A. Siregar (1990)- Penarikhan Kalium Argon dan radiokarbon di daerah Propinsi Bengkulu. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 42-49. ('K-Ar and radiocarbon results in the Bengkulu area')


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Graindorge, D., F. Klingelhoefer, J.C. Sibuet, L. McNeill, T.J. Henstock, S. Dean et al. (2008)- Impact of lower plate structure on upper plate deformation at the NW Sumatran convergent margin from seafloor morphology. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 275, p. 201-210. (Multibeam bathymetric data in region of 26 Dec. 2004 earthquake providing seafloor images of NW Sumatra forearc. Greatest slope gradients in frontal 30 km of forearc, at toe of accretionary wedge. N-S oriented lineaments on incoming oceanic plate, etc.) Gramberg, J.S.G. (1865)- Over aardolie van Palembang. Natuurk. Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 28, 6, 3, p. 467-471. ('On petroleum of Palembang'. First description by ship surgeon Gramberg of three oil seeps near Karang Raja along Lematang river, S of Muara Enim, S Sumatra) Gramberg, J.S.G. (1869)- De petroleum-bronnen van Palembang. De Economist 18, 1, p. 1-16. (‘The petroleum seeps of Palembang’) Graves, R.R. & A.A. Weegar (1973)- Geology of the Arun Gas Field, North Sumatra. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 23-51. (Arun gas-condensate field 225 km NW of Medan in large N-S trending, E-M Miocene reefal carbonate buildup. Depth to crest ~9400’ subsea. Arun Limestone thickness ~200’ offreef to maximum 1100-1200’ at buildup.) Grey, D.W.J. (1935)- Notes on the Balimbing Mine, West Coast of Sumatra. Trans. Inst. Mining Metallurgy 45, p. 221-281. (Overview of orebodies and operations at rel. small Balimbing gold mine in Barisan Mts, 2 km E of Bonjol village and 60 km from Fort de Kock and 8 km WSW of now depleted Mangani mine. Young gold-silver hydrothermal mineralization, mainly along two N10°E-striking faults. Surrounding rocks isoclinally folded Permo-Carboniferous slates and sandstones, Eocene 'Brani-conglomerate', Early Miocene bituminous shales with Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, etc., overlain by younger Balimbing- Mangani volcanic rocks)) Gumert, W.R., V. Gratero & F. Fanani (2003)- The Central Sumatra airborne gravity and magnetic survey; an example of the usefulness of an aerogravity survey and the application of geologically constrained gravity interpretation. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 28th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Jakarta, 13p. (Results of airborne gravity- magnetic survey and modeling over Kondur Petroleum Malacca Strait Block. Study confirms N-S and NW-SE oriented Tertiary basins, connected by major strike slip faults. Basins bound by normal faults, small rift basins with small inversions in central parts) Gunawan, W., A. Kadir, S. Sukmono, M.T. Zen, L. Hendrajaya & D. Santoso (1996)- Gravity evidence for the thinning of the crust around the North Sumatra area. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 81-91. (Major structural discontinuity around N Sumatra, tied to split in descending oceanic plate along continuation of Investigator Ridge Transform. Discontinuity reflected by a change of Sumatra Fault segment's geometrical fractal dimension, volcanic line offset and major changes to strike of Batee fault and Batee trench. Area around discontinuity characterized by very low gravity anomaly closure (up to -96 mgal) with higher anomaly in center, indicating a low density body of mantle material intruded by higher density igneous material in center) Gunther, A. (1876)- Contributions to our knowledge of the fish-fauna of the Tertiary deposits of the Highlands of Padang, Sumatra. Geol. Mag. (2), 3, p. 433-440. (First description of Ombilin Basin Eocene or younger fresh-water fish fauna, collected by Verbeek in 1874. More on this by Von der Marck 1876, Rutimeyer 1880, Sanders 1934, Musper 1935) Gunther, A. (1878)- Contributions to our knowledge of the fish-fauna of the Tertiary deposits of the Highlands of Padang, Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 7 (1878), 1, p. 171-184. (Reprint of 1876 paper above)


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Guntoro, A. & Y.S. Djajadiharja (2005)- Tectonic scenario of the Sumatra fore-arc basin in relation to the formation of petroleum systems. In: Int. Conf. Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (GEOINDO 2005), Khon Kaen, Thailand, p. Guntur, A., S. Hastuti, B. Situmorang & B. Yulihanto (1993)- Studi fasies dan batuan asal formasi Sawahtambang cekungan Ombilin, Sumatra Barat. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, p. 1028-1043. (‘Study of rocks and facies of Sawahtambang Fm, Ombilin Basin, W Sumatra’) Guntur, A., R.S. Himawan & B. Situmorang (1992)- The formation and evolution of Paleogene Talawi Graben, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 565-584. Gutomo, A. & M.B. Satyawan (1995)- Development concept of Rantau Field based on 3-D seismic data. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 583Guttormsen, J. (2010)- Naturally fractured basement reservoirs: using South Sumatra to characterize the challenges of exploring and exploiting fracture basement reservoirs. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-183, 15p. (Data from S Sumatra fracture basement reservoirs of Suban, Sumpal, and Dayung gas fields. Fractured reservois include granite, Permian meta-limestone (Leko), quartzites and pelitic rocks (phyllites and schists). In S Sumatra metasediments dominant reservoir lithology, but better test rates in granites and meta-carbonates) Guttormsen, J., R. Achiat, R. Indrawan & R. Waworuntu (2009)- Phyllitic fractured reservoirs of Southern Sumatra. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-149, p. 257-272. (Major accumulations of hydrocarbons in fractured metasedimentary reservoirs in S Sumatra Basin. Basement composed of Permian- Cretaceous sediments, intruded by felsic magmas) Gutzwiller, E. (1914)- Petrografische beschrijving der eruptiefgesteenten van het Goemai-gebergte. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 41 (1912), Verhand., p. 50-86. (Petrographic descriptions of igneous rocks from Gumai Mountains, collected by Tobler: Pre-Tertiary granites, porphyrites, diabase, tuffs and Young Tertiary liparite, dacite, andesite, basalt) Haanstra, U. & E. Spiker (1932)- Uber jungneogene Molluskenfaunen aus den Residenzen Benkoelen und Palembang, S.W. Sumatra. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 35, 10, p. 1313-1324. (Online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016359.pdf) (‘On Late Neogene mollusk faunas from the Bengkulu and Palembang Residencies, SW Sumatra’. Molluscs from Bengkulu area collected by Erb in 1902 along coast between Bengkulu and Krue (72 species, 36% Recent, suggesting Late Neogene age), and from Lower Palembang Fm at Talang Akar anticline N of Talang Abab, Palembang Province (50 species, 26% Recent, suggesting Miocene age)) Hadi, T. & B. Simbolon (1976)- The carbonate rocks of the Batu Raja Formation in its type locality, Batu Raja, South Sumatra. Proc. Carbonate Seminar, Jakarta 1976, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Spec. Vol., p. 67-78. (Baturaja Fm in Baturaja area of S Sumatra bedded limestones in lower, massive limestones in upper part. Texture of limestones varies from reef (boundstone) to wackestone and wacke-packstone and suggest depositional environments from open shoal reef, fore reef, transition to open basin to open littoral back reef) Hadiyanto (1992)- Organic petrology and geochemistry of the Tertiary formations at Meulaboh area, West Aceh Basin, Sumatera, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wollongong, Australia, p. 1-219. (online at: http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1397/) (Meulaboh forearc basin with thick succession of OligocenePliocene coal-bearing sediments. Coal and clastic rocks potential source rocks but mostly immature and have not produced significant liquid hydrocarbons. Late Oligocene- E Miocene Tangla Fm shales and M Miocene Kueh Fm best source rocks. Oligocene coal and possibly Miocene coal good hydrocarbon generation potential. Onshore vitrinite reflectance gradients greater than offshore, so oil window predicted to be shallower onshore)


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Hahn, L. (1981)- The Tertiary deposits of West Central Sumatra. Geol. Jahrbuch B47, p. 41-53. (West Central Sumatra (Ombilin basin area) Tertiary composed of Oligocene Breccia-marl formation, OligoMiocene Quartz sst Fm and Mio-Pliocene Telisa and Palembang Fms. Bituminous marl at base Breccia-Marl Fm with abundant freshwater fish fauna) Hahn, L. & H.S. Weber (1981)- Geological map of West Central Sumatra 1:250,000- with explanatory notes. Geol. Jahrbuch B47, p. 5-19. (Geologic map of W Central Sumatra, compiled during 1976-1978 Indonesian- German Uranium Exploration Project. Mainly Barisan Mountains NE of Padang, including Ombilin Basin. Permian Limestones with fusulinids (at Batang Siputar with 'antitropical' Monodiexodina wanneri). Triassic clastics with Halobia and also Triassic limestones. Unconformably overlain by Oligocene lacustrine deposits rich in fish fossils and Oligo-Miocene quartz sandstones. Permian - Recent volcanics and Permian-Tertiary granitic massifs) Hahn, L. & H.S. Weber (1981)- The structure system of West Central Sumatra. Geol. Jahrbuch B47, p. 21-39. (Central Barisan Mts area four prominent NW-SE trending fault zones, main one is Central Barisan dextral strike-slip fault zone. Intimate relationship between tectonic and volcanic history. Major tectonic events M Cretaceous, M Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene) Haile, N.S. (1978)- A comment on stratigraphical relationships in the Indarung Area, Padang District, West Sumatra. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 10, p. 93-95. (McCarthy et al. 2001: Critical discussion of Yancey and Alif (1977). Inclusion of deep water radiolarian cherts with shallow-marine limestones in single formation deemed inappropriate. Cherts less extensive than shown by Yancey and Alif (no chert was seen as outcrops ~0.5 km E of Ngalau Quarry. Some rocks at Ngalau Quarry not chert, but weathered stratified rock) Haile, N.S. (1979)- Palaeomagnetic evidence for rotation and northward drift of Sumatra. J. Geol. Soc., London, 136, p. 541-546. (?Permian, U Triassic, Lower Cretaceous, and Lower Tertiary rocks from 25 sites in N and C Sumatra. Results indicate 12° N-ward drift since Late Triassic, with 40° clockwise rotation. Remaining localities less reliable, but confirm low palaeolatitudes (within 26° of present latitude) and clockwise rotation since Permian. Clockwise rotation of Sumatra contrasts with anti-clockwise rotation of W Borneo, Malay Peninsula and SW Sulawesi and suggests Sumatra not coupled to 'Sundaland' until mid-Tertiary). Hakim, F., C. Elders & B. September (2006)- Dextral shear induced inversion of the North Sumatra basin, Indonesia.Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-PG-22, 6p. (Extended Abstract. N Sumatra N-S trending basin formed during Late Oligocene- E Miocene rifting. Second extension phase affected Late Miocene and Pliocene, coincident with Pliocene folding. Topaz Anticline growth began in Late Miocene. Main phase of fold activity Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene). Hakim, M.R., M. Faris & M. Yordan Y. N. (2007)- Hydrocarbon play in North Sumatera basin and sequence stratigraphy application on Keutapang reservoir formation based on well logs data. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-SG-006, 11p. Hall, A. & S.J. Moss (1997)- The occurrence of laumontite in volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks from southern Sumatra. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 15, 1, p. 55-59. (Laumontite in Tertiary and Quaternary volcanics of Gumai Mountains product of hydrothermal alteration rather than weathering or metamorphism) Hall, D.M., B.A. Duff, M.C. Courbe, B.W. Seubert, M. Siahaan & A.D. Wirabudi (1993)- The southern fore-arc zone of Sumatra: Cainozoic basin forming tectonism and hydrocarbon potential. Proc. 22nd. Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 319-344. (Bengkulu PSC localized basins with four megasequences: (1) Paleogene syn-rift in NE-trending half grabens; (2) Major unconformity, then Late Paleogene- E Miocene in local pull-apart basins on underlying graben; (3) Unconformity, then M - Late Miocene open marine deposition in unified forearc basin; (4) regressive Pliocene-


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Recent syn-orogenic megasequence, from main Barisan Mts uplift. Basin inversion intensity increases from offshore to mountain belt. Fore-arc tectonically heterogeneous with potential for localised Paleogene and early Neogene basins and hydrocarbons. Wells indicate mature source and migrated hydrocarbons, and contradict assumption that heat flow in fore-arc areas is insufficient to allow expulsion and migration of hydrocarbons) Hambali, H. & P. Dolan (1990)- Melibur Field: an integrated approach to reservoir development. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 141-154. Hananto, N.D., S.C. Singh, M. Mukti & I. Deighton (2012)- Neotectonics of North Sumatra Forearc Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-100, p. 1-13. Handayani, R.S.W., D. Setiawan & T. Afandi (2008)- Reservoir characterization of thin oil columns to improve development drilling in a carbonate reservoir: case study of Gunung Kembang Field. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-E-160, 15p. (Medco Gunung Kembang field in anticlinal structure in E Miocene Baturaja platform carbonate on Musi Platform, S Sumatra. Oil column 40', gas cap 120' thick. Cumulative oil production since 1988: 3.8 MMBO) Hanus, V., A. Spicak & J. Vanek (1996)- Sumatran segment of the Indonesian subduction zone: morphology of the Wadati-Benioff zone and seismotectonic pattern of the continental wedge. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 13, 1, p. 39-60. (Earthquake foci in Sumatra either in recent Benioff zone or in continental wedge. Intermediate-depth aseismic gap in Wadati-Benioff zone associated with young calc-alkaline volcanism. Subduction process was correlated with stratigraphy and geology. Duration of present cycle of subduction ~6-8 Ma. Oligocene volcanism and deep earthquakes point to Tertiary subduction zone underlying present slab. Seismotectonic pattern of continental wedge described by 11 seismically active fracture zones) Hanzawa, S. (1947)- Note on some species of Pseudocyclammina from Sumatra. Japan J. Geol. Geogr. 20, 2-4, p. 5-8. (Fontaine et al. 1983: Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous Pseudocyclammina from Gumai Mountains and deep well in Kikim oilfield near Gumai Mts.) Harahap, B.H. (2006)- Petrology of the Upper Miocene volcanic rocks on the western Barisan Mountain Ranges, Lubuk Sikaping region, West Sumatera. Bul. Geologi (ITB) 38, 3, p. 81-108. Harahap, B.H. (2007)- Petrologi batuan magmatis Neogen daerah Pangkalan Kotabaru Limapuluh kota, Sumatera Barat. Jurn. Sumber daya Geol. (GRDC, Bandung) 17, 4, p. 207-217. ('Petrology of Neogene magmatic rocks in Pangkalan Kotabaru region, W Sumatra'. Andesites- dacites are related to subduction) Harahap, B.H. (2010)- Ciri geokimia batuan vulkaniklastika di daerah Tanjung Balit, Sumatra Barat: suatu indikasi kegiatan magma pada Eosen. J. Geol. Indonesia 5, 2, p. 75-91. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/266) ('Geochemical characteristics of volcanoclastic rocks in the Tunjung Balit area, W Sumatra: some indications of magmatic activity in the Eocene'. Chemistry of ?Eocene red mudstones overlying Permian Kuantan Fm in Barisan Mts suggests altered volcanoclastic origin) Harahap, B.H. (2011)- Magma genesis in Kabanjahe region continental margin arc of Sumatra. J. Geol. Indonesia 6, 2, p. 105-127. (Volcanic rocks in Kabanjahe area, N Sumatra Province, are products of old Toba Caldera, Sibayak Volcano, and Sipiso-piso Volcano. Rhyolitic tuff most common, also basalt, andesite, dacitic, rhyolite. Rocks originated from magma of continental origin formed at subduction zone environment) Harahap, B.H. & Z.A. Abidin (2007)- Petrology of lava from Maninjau Lake, West Sumatera. Jurn. Sumber daya Geol. (GRDC, Bandung) 16, 6, p. 359-370.


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Harbury, N.A. & H.J. Kallagher (1991)- The Sunda outer-arc ridge, North Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 463-476. (Revised stratigraphy and Tertiary evolution of Nias and Simeulue islands in outer part of forearc. Oligocene and Eocene increase in subduction rate led to basin inversion and uplift of outer arc ridge. Deposits include melanges (?Eocene-Oligocene) and Neogene initially (E Miocene) deposited in deep water. Stable convergence rates through M Miocene, with deposition dominated by shallow water clastics and carbonates deposited on well-developed shelf and shelf-break. In Late Miocene, outer shelf limestones. Plio-Pleistocene clastics with volcanic detritus from rapidly eroding Sumatra volcanic arc) Harbury, N.A., B. Situmorang, Sarjono D., J. Milsom, F.T. Banner & M.G. Audley-Charles (1989)- Tectonic inversions in the Sunda forearc. In: Proc. 24th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok 1987, 2, p. 116- 122. (Simeulue island in N Sumatra forearc two compressional and two extensional phases since end of Eocene. Forearc emerged as island in Late Oligocene- E Miocene, exposing imbricated ophiolite and melange. Fringing reefs developed in E-M Miocene. Mio-Pliocene turbidites (extension) followed by re-emergence after strong Late Pliocene- Early Quaternary folding) Harding, T.P. (1983)- Structural inversion at Rambutan oil field, South Sumatra Basin. In: A.W. Bally (ed.) Seismic expression of structural styles: a picture and work atlas, AAPG Studies Geol. 15, 3, p.13-18. (Rambutan oil field shows structural inversion of a graben into a high structure) Hardjono & C.M. Atkinson (1990)- Coal resources in Central Sumatra. Directorate Mineral Res., Bandung, Spec. Publ. 30, p. Hariadi, N. & R.A. Soeparjadi (1975)- Exploration of the Mentawai Block, West Sumatra. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 55-65. (Post-mortem on unsuccessful exploration of Mentawai Block, offshore W Sumatra fore arc, by Jenney group 1969-1974. Two wells drilled in 1972 Mentaeai A 1 and C1 with minor methane shows. Two onshore stratigraphic wells drilled in 1974 without hydrocarbon indicatons: Bengkulu X-1 and X2. One active onshore oil seep identified SE of Bengkulu town)) Harjono, H., D. Dahrin & S. Wirasantosa (1995)- Neogene opening of the Sunda Strait: constraint from gravity data. In: Proc.Oji Seminar on Neogene Evolution of Pacific Ocean Gateways, Kyoto, IGCP-355, p. 57-61. Harjono, H., M. Diament, J. Dubois, M. Larue & M.T. Zen (1991)- Seismicity of the Sunda Strait: evidence for crustal extension and volcanological implications. Tectonics 10, p. 17-30. (Sunda Strait between Java frontal subduction and Sumatra oblique subduction. Microearthquake survey recorded 300 local events. Crustal earthquakes in the Sunda Strait area occurs in three main areas: (1) beneath the Krakatau complex, (2) in graben in W part of strait; and (3) in diffused zone to S of Sumatra. Sunda Strait is in extensional tectonic regime as result of NW movement of Sumatra sliver plate along Semangko fault zone) Harjono, H., M. Diament, L. Nouaili & J. Dubois (1989)- Detection of magma bodies beneath Krakatau volcano (Indonesia) from anomalous shear waves. J Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 39, p.335-348. Harjono, H., M. Diament & M. Sabrier (1993)- Correction and addition to seismicity on the Sunda Strait; evidence for crustal extension and volcanological implications. Tectonics 12, 3, p. 787-790. Harris, L. (1989)- Conjugate faulting associated with orthogonal subduction in Indonesia: structural constraints for the timing of the rotation of Sumatra. SGTSG Conference, Kangaroo Island 1989, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts, p. 59-60. Harsa, A.E. (1975)- Some of the factors which influence oil occurrence in the South and Central Sumatra basins. Proc. Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1975, p.


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Harsa, A.E. & A. Kohar (1976)- Distribution of carbonate build-ups in Stanvac’s South Sumatra Area. Proc. Carbonate Seminar, Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., Spec. Vol., p. 116. (Abstract only) Harsono, D. G.J. Manchester & R. Hanschitz (1989)- Arun field reservoir management, Sumatra. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 67-90. Harting, A. (1930)- Verslag van een mijnbouwkundig-geologisch onderzoek in de omstreken van Tambang Sawah in de jaran 1924-1927. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 58 (1929), Verhand., p. 229-264. ('Report of mining-geological survey in the region of Tambang Sawah in the years 1924-1927'. Investigation of additional gold-silver prospects in Bengkulu region, but no prospective localities found. Area with presumably Mesozoic granites, overlain by M-U Mioceneshales and sands, Late Miocene or Pliocene vlcanic breccias with some coal and younger andesite-liparite volcanics. With 1:20,000 geologic map) Hartanto, K., E. Widianto & Safrizal (1991)- Hydrocarbon prospect related to the local unconformities of the Kuang Area, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 17-35. (Kuang area one of most stable parts of S Sumatra Basin. Three local unconformities: (1) vadose zone on top Baturaja Fm, (2) turbidite sediments during sea level drop when Gumai Fm was deposited; (3) local unconformity within Air Benakat Fm) Hartmann, E. (1917)- Over de geologie van de Lampongsche Distrikten en het zuidelijk deel der residentie Palembang, Zuid Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 44 (1915), Verhand. 2, p. 90- 132. (‘On the geology of the Lampung Districts and the southern part of the Palembang Residency, S Sumatra’ Results of 1915 reconnaissance. Pretertiary metamorphics and granites, overlain by folded ‘Eocene’ quartz sandstones with coal, Oligocene Baturaja Limestone (few 100m thick; should be E Miocene age; HvG), 500m or more marine Telisa/ Gumai clays, tuffs and limestones, 1000m of Miocene-Pliocene L-M Palembang clayssandstones (rel. little coal in this area) and 500m Upper Palembang Fm quartz-rich tuffs. Overlain by unfolded Quaternary conglomerates and volcanics) Hartmann, E. (1921)- Geologisch rapport over het kolenvoorkomen in de mijnconcessies 'Soekamarinda' en 'Boenian' en het tusschen deze beide gelegen kolenveld 'Ajer Serillo', gelegen in de onderafdeeling Lematang Oeloe, Residentie Palembang. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 47 (1918), Verhand. 2, p. 108- 140. (Detailed study of Middle Palembang Fm coals in 3 mining concessions in Lematang Ulu area, Palembang Residency, S Sumatra) Hartanto, K., R. Djaafar & I. Yuswar (1990)- Evaluasi cekungan dengan metode restorasi dalam hubungannya dengan akumulasi hidrokarbon di Tinggian Kuang, Sumatra Selatan. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 264-291. ('Basin evaluation with restoration methods in relation with hydrocarbon accumulation in Tinggian Kuang, S Sumatra') Hartono, U. (2002)- Permian magmatism in Sumatra: their tectonic setting and magmatic source. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 129, p. Hartono, U., S. Andi Mangga & A. Achdan (1996)- Geochemical results of the Permian and Silungkang volcanics, southern Sumatra. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC Bandung), 5, 56, p. 18-24 Hasan, M.A., Kamal & F.B. Langitan (1977)- The discovery and development of the Minas Field. Proc. First Ann. Conf. ASEAN Council on Petroleum, p. 323-345. (also in Oil and Gas J., 22 May 1978, p. 168-177) Hasan, M.A., Kamal & F.B. Langitan (1978)- Discovery and development of the Minas Field. SEAPEX Proc. 4, Singapore 1977/78, p. 138-157.


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(Minas field 35 km N of Pekanbaru, Sumatra is largest known oil field in SE Asia. Discovered in late 1944. Field is a broad low anticline, with productive area of 57,100 acres and 425’ oil column. Main reservoirs in Miocene Sihapas Group. Five major sand units. Cumulative oil production >2 billion bbl) Hasan, M.M. & D.S. Soebandrio (1988)- The petroleum geology of Tanjung Laban Field, South Sumatera. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 257-274. (Tanjung Laban 1982 discovery in Late Oligocene Talang Akar Fm sandstones in WNW-ESE trending structural closure) Hasibuan, F. (1993)- Posidonia dari Trias Sumatera Barat. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, p. 1061-1074. (Open marine mollusc Posidinia from M-L Triassic Sawahlunto Limestone in W Sumatra) Hasibuan, F. (2007)- A study on paleoflora (Permian) of Jambi, South Sumatera. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 2, p. 135-147. (Revisit of Mengkarang Fm along Merangin River, W of Bangko, W Jambi, by multi-disciplinary team in 2003. Mengkarang Fm 400m thick, basal basalt overlain by fluviatile system, with marine limestone beds ands shale interbeds containing fusulinids, crinoids, ammonites, and brachiopods. Two plant associations of Jambi Early Permian paleoflora, suggesting one new local and one probable S Cathaysian affinity paleofloral domain) Hasibuan, F., S. Andi Mangga & Suyoko (2000)- Stereochia semireticulatus (Martin) dari Formasi Mengkarang, Jambi, Sumatra. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Paleont. Ser. 10, Bandung, p. 59-69. (Permian brachiopods from Jambi series along Mengkarang River, SW of Bangko, C Sumatra) Hastuti, S., Sukandarrumidi & S. Pramumijoyo (2001)- Kendali tektonik terhadap perkembangan cekungan ekonomi Tersier Ombilin, Sumatra Barat. Teknosains 14, 1, p. 1-12. (online at: http://i-lib.ugm.ac.id/jurnal/detail.php?dataId=7607) ('Tectonic control on the develoment of the Ombilin Tertiary economic basin, West Sumatra'. Ombilin intermontane basin in Barisan Mts is pull-apart basin due to dextral movement of Silungkang and Takung Faults since Paleocene, 60 km long and 30 km wide. Two subbasins, Talawi and Sinamar. Five tectonic phases Hazairin, B., H. Wisnu & K.M. Mangold (1995)- Extracting reservoir properties from 3-D seismic attributes at Ubi-Sikladi Fields, Central Sumatra. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 323-335. Heer, O. (1874)- Ueber fossile Pflanzen von Sumatra. Abhand. Schweiz. Pal. Ges. 1, p. 3- 19 (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost- Indie 9 (1880), 1, p. 135-168). ('On fossil plants from Sumatra'. Description of plants from Eocene marls near coalfields of Ombilin Basin, collected by Verbeek in 1874. Believed to be Miocene age by Heer. Associated with fish fauna described by Rutimeyer 1874, Sanders 1934, etc.) Heer, O. (1879)- Beitrage zur fossilen Flora von Sumatra. Neue Denkschr. Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. 1879, 1, p. 322. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 9 (1880), 1, p. 169-202) ('Contributions to the fossil flora of Sumatra') Heesterman, L.J.H. (1984)- Geology and mineralisation of the Mangani Area, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. London, p. Hehuwat, F. (1977)- The CCOP/ IDOE Sumatra Transect: a summary of activities. Proc. 14th Sess. CCOP, Manila 1977, p. 399-406. Heidrick, T.L. & K. Aulia (1993)- A structural and tectonic model of the Coastal Plains Block, Central Sumatra basin, Indonesia. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 285-317. (Coastal Plains in E C Sumatra Basin 15 oil fields. Three structural episodes: F1- Eo-Oligocene rifting along N-NNE striking basement faults and reactivation of WNW-trending basement arches; F2- E Miocene sag,


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regional dextral wrenching; F3- M Miocene-Recent WSW-directed compression along older NNW-striking wrench faults and transtension along N-NNE-striking elements) Heidrick, T.L., K. Aulia, B. Mertani & Yarmanto (1996)- Petroleum geology of Indonesian basins, II: Central Sumatra basin. Pertamina BPPKA, 232p. Heim, A. & R. Potonie (1932)- Beobachtungen uber die Entstehung der Tertiaren Kohlen (Humolithe und Saprohumilithe) in Zentral Sumatra. Geol. Rundschau 23, p. 145-172. (‘Observations on the origin of Tertiary coals in Central Sumatra’. Rel. young Oligocene coals reach anthracite stage due to elevated temperature only) Hendrian, D. & A. Fadly (2010)- Development drilling at fault zone in Pedada field, Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-219, 7p. Hennings, P., P. Allwardt, P. Paul, C. Zahm, R. Reid, H. Alley, R. Kirschner, Bob Lee & E. Hough (2012)Relationship between fractures, fault zones, stress, and reservoir productivity in the Suban gas field, Sumatra, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 96, 4 , p. 753-772. (Analysis of fractured Miocene carbonate and Pre-Tertiary crystalline basement reservoirs of Suban gas field, S Sumatra. Structures composite of Paleogene extensional elements, modified by Neogene contraction. Faults along W flank of field show classic oblique-compressional geometry. Reservoir potential most enhanced in areas of field that are in strike-slip stress style and lower in areas of thrust-fault stress) Henstock, T.J, L.C. McNeill & D.R.Tappin (2006)- Seafloor morphology of the Sumatran subduction zone; surface rupture during megathrust earthquakes? Geology 34, 6, p. 485-488. (High-resolution multibeam bathymetry data from Sumatran subduction zone) Heriana, N. (1996)- Prospektifitas hidrokarbon di tepian cekungan Sumatra Utara berdasarkan aspek batuan induk. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 459-477. ('Hydrocarbon prospectivity on the margin of the North Sumatra basin based on aspects of source rocks') Heriana, N. (1999)- Gas habitat in the southern part of the North Sumatra Basin. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 135-144 (Gas in S part N Sumatra Basin in Keutapang, Mid-Baong Sandstone (MBS), and Belumai Fms. Usually gas with oil or condensate; Wampu Field gas without associated liquids. Gases two groups: Rantau in N with condensate, Aru-Langkat in S from non-associated sapropelic organic matter. Bampo Fm black shales reached gas generation phase and possible gas source. Traps formed in Plio-Pleistocene and may still be filling) Heriana, N. & R. Ryacudu (1993)- Structural evaluation of onshore Northern Sumatra. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1993, 1, p. 112-125. Hermiyanto, H.M. (2008)- Coalbed methane potential and coal characteristics in Kuantan Singingi, Central Sumatera Basin, Riau. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 18, 4, p. 239-251. (Analysis of Eocene coal from Keruh Fm in small intra-montane basin at SW side of C Sumatra basin) Hermiyanto, H.M. & N.S. Ningrum (2009)- Organic petrology and Rock-Eval characteristics in selected surficial sampes of the Tertiary formation, South Sumatra basin. J. Geol. Indonesia 4, 3, p. 215-227. (Study of organic matter types and maturation of Oligocene- Miocene outcrop samples from S Sumatra) Hermiyanto, H.M. & H. Panggabean (2008)- Karakteristik oil shale di kawasan Bukit Susah, Riau. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 18, 1, p. 3-13. ('Characteristics of oil shale in the Bukit Susah District, Riau'. C Sumatra basin Kelesa Fm at Bukit Susah with ~28m of oil shale. Vitrinite reflectance 0,27- 0,43% (immature). Palynology suggests M-L Eocene age)


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Herudiyanto (2000)- Systematic geological assessment of coal and peat of the South Sumatera Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 36th Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Hanoi 1999, p. 67-71. (Majority of Indonesian coal in S Sumatra Basin (>70% of low-rank coal). Calculated resources of 6 areas in S Sumatra at least 2.04 billion tonnes coal and 1.59 bilion m3 of peat) Heruyono, B. & T. Villarroel (1989)- The Parum Field: an example of a stratigraphic Trap in P.T. Stanvac's Central Sumatra Kampar Block. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 193-216. Heryanto, R., N. Suwarna & H. Panggabean (2004)- Hydrocarbon source rock potential of the EoceneOligocene Keruh Formation in the SW margin of the Central Sumatra basin. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 14, 3, p. -133. Heryanto, R. (2004)- Batuan sumber dan diagenesis batupasir Formasi Talangakar di daerah Merlung, Sub Cekungan Jambi. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 14, 3, p. 134-147. ('Source rocks and sandstone diagenesis of the Talang Akar Fm in the area of Merlung, Jambi sub-basin') Heryanto, R. (2005)- Hubungan antara reflektan vitrinit, diagenesis, dan kematangan hidrokarbon, batuan pembawa hidrokarbon Formasi Lakat di Lereng Timur laut Pegunungan Tigapuluh. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 1, p. 111-123. ('Relation between vitrinite reflectance, diagenesis and hydrocarbon maturation, Lakat Fm at Lereng Timur, Tigapuluh Mts' (Eo- Oligocene)) Heryanto, R. (2006)- Diagenesis, coalification, and hydrocarbon generation of the Keruh Formation in KuantanSingingi Area, Central Sumatera, Indonesia. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 16, 1, p. 3-15. (Source potential of Eo-Oligocene Keruh Fm, which correlates to Pematang and Kelesa Fms of C Sumatra) Heryanto, R. (2006)- Karakteristik Formasi Seblat di daerah Bengkulu Selatan. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. 16, 3, p. 179-195. ('Characteristics of the E-M Miocene Seblat Fm in the South Bengkulu area'. Oldest sediments outcropping in Bengkulu Basin. Arkosic sands, derived from volcanic arc and orogenic complex, like Pretertiary of GumaiGarba Mts) Heryanto, R. (2006)- Perbandingan karakteristik lingkungan pengendapan, batuan sumber, dan diagenesis Formasi Lakat di lereng timur laut dengan Formasi Talangakar di tenggara Pegunungan Tigapuluh, Jambi. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 1, 4, p. 173-184. (Sedimentology of Oligocene Lakat- Talang Akar Fms in Tigapuluh Mts area, Jambi sub-basin) Heryanto, R. (2007)- Batuan sumber batupasir formasi Lemau di cekungan Bengkulu. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 2, p. 167-179. ('Source rocks of Limau Fm sandstone in the Bengkulu Basin'. M-L Miocene Lemau Fm alternating claystone and sandstone with coal seams. Sandstone feldspatic litharenite and litharenite, grains dominated by rock fragments and quartz with minor feldspar. Provenance ‘magmatic arc’ and recycled orogen’, probably from Pre-Tertiary Gumai zone) Heryanto, R. (2007)- Diagenesis batupasir Formasi Lemau di Cekungan Bengkulu dan potensinya sebagai batuan reservoar hidrokarbon. Mineral dan Energi 5, p. 58-70. (Diagenesis of Limau Fm sands in the bengkulu Basin, and potential as hydrocarbon reservoir rock') Heryanto, R. (2007)- Hubungan antara diagenesis, reflektan vitrinit, dan kematangan batuan pembawa hidrokarbon batuan sedimen Miosen di Cekungan Bengkulu. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia, 2, 2, p. 99-111. ('Relations between diagenesis, vitrinite reflectance and maturity for hydrocarbons of Miocene sediments of the Bengkulu basin')


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Heryanto, R. (2007)- Kemungkinan keterdapatan hidrokarbon di Cekungan Bengkulu. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia, 2, 3, p. 119-131. ('Hydrocarbon potential of the Bengkulu basin') Heryanto, R. & H. Hermiyanto (2006)- Potensi batuan sumber (source rock) hidrokarbon di Pegunungan Tigapuluh, Sumatera Tengah. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 1, 1, p. 37-48. ('Hydrocarbon source rock potential in the Tigapuluh Mts, C Sumatra'. Source rocks S of C Sumatra Basin margin fine grained clastics in Late Eocene Kelesa and Oligocene Lakat Fms. Kelesa Fm TOC 2.3-9.6%, Lakat Fm TOC 0.7-3.5%, Thermal maturation of Kelesa Fm late immature- early mature, kerogen types I and II, Lakat Fm late immature, kerogen types I, II, and III) Heryanto, R. & K.D. Kusamah (2001)- Sedimentasi batuan pembawa-batubara Formasi Talang Akar di daerah Lubuk Madrasah, sub-cekungan Jambi. In: Geologi formasi pembawa batubara di beberapa Cekungan Tersier Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 26, p. 99-114. (On the E Miocene fluvio-deltaic coal-bearing Talang Akar Fm in W part Jambi basin) Heryanto, R. & H. Panggabean (2006)- The Tertiary source rock potential of the Bengkulu Basin. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-PG-26, 4p. (Bengkulu forearc basin in SW Sumatra intiated in Eocene-Oligocene with deposition of Lahat equivalent Fm, unconformably overlain by Oligo Miocene Hulusimpang Fm volcanics, E-M Miocene Seblat Fm siliciclastics and carbonates, M-L Miocene Lemau Fm, etc. Geochemical analysis of outcrop, well samples and oil seeps identified organic matter of terrestrial origin. Best potential source rocks in Lemau Fm, although these are immature and oil seeps were derived from a mature source rock) Heryanto, R., N. Suwarna, & H. Panggabean (2001)- The Lakat Formation in the Northeastern flank of the Tigapuluh Mountains and its possibilities as a source rock. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 10th GEOSEA Reg. Congr., p. Heryanto, R., N. Suwarna & H. Panggabean (2004)- Hydrocarbon source rock potential of the EoceneOligocene Keruh Formation in the Southwestern margin of the Central Sumatera Basin. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (J. Geol. Resources) 14, 3, p. 118-133. Heryanto, R. & Suyoko (2007)- Karakteristik batubara di Cekungan Bengkulu. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 2, 4, p. 247-259. (Online at http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20070405.pdf) ('Characteristics of coal in the Bengkulu Basin') Hestu S.N., Joan C.T., F. Asrul, E. Wijayati, S. Pujiastuti & T. Iswachyono (2010)- Tight carbonate platform: a new opportunity reservoir in Musi Platform a case study of Naya F4 well. Proc. 39th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-172, 7p. (On oil-bearing, but tight platform carbonate in 2008 Naya F4 well at NE flank of 'Naya field' buildup, SW Sumatra basin (probably not real field name; map looks like Soka field; HvG)) Heyde, I., M. Block, Y.S. Djajadihardja, J.P. Hutagaol, H. Lelgemann, H.A. Roeser & B. Schreckenberger (2001)- Gravimetric measurements and their interpretation on the active convergence zone between the East Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates along Indonesia. In: Proc. CCOP 37th Ann. Sess. Bangkok 2000, 2, Techn. Repts., p. 12-26. (Free air gravity anomaly maps of forearc of SW Sumatra- W Java and Sunda Straits and comparison with satellite gravity. Marine gravity data higher resolution than satellite data) Hickman, R.G., P.F. Dobson, M. van Gerven, B.D. Sagala & R.P. Gunderson (2004)- Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of the Sarulla graben geothermal area, North Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 23, p. 435-448. (Sarulla graben Plio-Pleistocene basin along Sumatra fault, where fault coincides with volcanic arc. Offset of 0.27 Ma rhyodacite dome by strand of Sumatra fault indicates ~9 mm/y slip, lower than previous estimates of ~25-30 mm/y for Holocene slip on Sumatra fault determined from stream offsets. Discrepancy may be due to (1)


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difference between Holocene and late Quaternary rates and (2) additional slip on other faults. Sarulla area volcanic centers: Sibualbuali stratavolcano (~0.7-0.3 Ma), Hopong caldera (~1.5 Ma), and Namora-I-Langit dacitic dome field (0.8-0.1 Ma). These generated majority of tuffs and tuffaceous sediments of Sarulla graben. Geothermal systems linked to faults and volcanoes) Hinton, L.B., W.S. Atmadja & P.S. Suwito (1987)- Peusangan C1 reef interpretation with top reef transparent to seismic. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 339-362. Hinz, K. (1980)- Malacca Strait survey 1979. Proc. 17th Sess. CCOP, Bangkok 1980, p. 212-215. Hirschi, H. (1910)- Geographisch-geologische Skizze vom Nordrand von Sumatra. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen. 27, p. 741-763. (Early geographic-geological survey of N Sumatra coastal region) Hirschi, H. (1915)- Geologische Reiseskizze durch das Aquatoriale Sumatra. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen. 32, p. 476-508. (‘Geological travels through Equatorial Sumatra’) Hirschi, H. (1916)- Kontaktmetamorphe Tertiarkohlen in Sud-Sumatra, sudlich Muara Enim, Residenz Palembang. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardr. Gen. 33, p. 569-577. (‘Contact-metamorphic Tertiary coals in S Sumatra, S of Muara Enim, Palembang Residency’. As already described by Tobler (1906) Miocene Middle Palembang Fm lignites altered into high- grade coal by young andesite intrusions at several localities, including Bukit Asam,Bukit Gendi and Ayer Milang. M Palembang coals associated with common tuffs with quartz crystals, typically unfossiliferous except for plants) Hochstein M.P. & S. Sudarman (1993)- Geothermal resources of Sumatra. Geothermics 22, 3, p. 181-200. Hoehn, M.H., I Arif, C. Welch, F.H. Sidi, D. Rubyanto, R. van Eykenhof et al. (2005)- Combined geostatistical inversion and simultaneous AVA inversion: extending the life of a mature area, Kotabatak Field, Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 25-38. (Kotabatak Field in C Sumatra 1952 discovery; produced >250 MMBO since 1971. Dense well control, but still surprises with reservoir distribution in Bekasap Fm sands. Inversion helped map reservoirs) Holis, Z., B. Sapiie, I.N. Suta, M.K. Utama & M. Hadiana (2010)- Fault characteristic and palinspastic reconstructions of the Jabung Field, South Sumatera Basin. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-066, 20p. (Reconstruction of faults around Jabung Field, Jambi Basin, N flank S Sumatra Basin. Area dominated by NWSE and NE-SW trending basement structures. S Sumatra Basin formed as pull-apart basin related to NW-SE trending dextral strike-slip faults. Early extensional faults formed syn-rift deposits, followed by inversion structures and cross-cut by latter extensional structurs, all formed during continuous strike-slip deformation. since Paleogene. Maximum extension in NW-SE direction and shortening in NNE-SSW direction) Hong, K.C., R.L. Schmidt & A.A. Reed (1990)- Steamflood potential of light oil in deltaic deposits of Central Sumatra. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 155-178. (Channel sands attractive steamflood target because fining-up bedding character places lower permeabilities at top, which retard steam gravity override and result in good vertical sweep. Bar sands, with coarsening-up character accentuates steam gravity override, and not attractive. With Sihapas Gp paleogeography map) Hoogenraad, G.B. (1934)- De Salida Mijn. De Ingen. in Nederl.-Indie,1, 4, p. IV.3-IV.13. (Review of operations of Salida gold-silver mine of W Sumatra, 80km from Padang. First exploited with mixed success by the East Indies Companiy (VOC) in 1669-1735 with miners from Hungary and slaves from Madagascar, then from 1912-1928 by Salida Mining company. Two main ore veins. Peak production in 1917: 427 kg gold, 8633 kg silver)


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Hopper, R.H. (1976)- The discovery of Indonesia's Minas oilfield. Reprint from Oil- lifestream of progress, Caltex Petroleum Corporation, p. 1-11. (Caltex Minas field, N of Pekanbaru, C Sumatra, largest oil field in Indonesia. Discovery well drilled in 1944 by Japanese occupation army on site selected and prepared by Caltex in 1942. Large domal structure identified by shallow corehole drilling and seismic. Waxy low-sulfur crude, producing since 1952) Houpt, J.R. & C.C. Kersting (1978)- Arun Reef, ‘B’ Block, North Sumatra. Proc. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Carbonate Seminar, Jakarta 1976, p. 42-60. (Description of large Arun gas-condensate field in large reefal buildup of late Early- early M Miocene (Lower Tf) carbonate, N Sumatra. Area of reef complex 6 x 20 km, NNW-SSE trending, thickness up to 1200'. Entire reef complex recrystallized and diagenetically altered; porosity mainly moldic and vugular) Hovig, P. (1914)- De goudertsen van de Lebongstreek (Benkoelen). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 41 (1912), Verhand., p. 87-276. (‘The gold ores of the Lebong area, Bengkulu’. With detail maps of the 8 principal gold mines. Includes first description of truscottite (Ca-zeolite) from Lebong Donok mine in Bengkulu district) Hovig, P. (1917)- De beteekenis der Zuid-Sumatrasche antiklinalen. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser., II, 5, p. 233-242. (‘The significance of the South Sumatra anticlines’. Early discussion of relation between types of anticlines and oil occurrences in Jambi and Palembang sub-basins) Hovig, P. (1917)- Contactmetamorphe ijzerertsafzettingen in Nederlandsch-Indie. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 77, 3, p. 71-103. ('Contact-metamorphic iron ore deposits in Netherlands Indies'. On epithermal iron ore deposits, mainly from Sumatra) Howells, C.G. (1997)- Tertiary sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Ombilin intramontane basin, West Sumatra. Ph.D. Thesis University of London, p. Howells, C.G. (1997)- Tertiary response to oblique subduction and indentation in Sumatra, Indonesia - new ideas for hydrocarbon exploration. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 126, p. 365-374. (Sumatra Tertiary basins evolution related to oblique subduction and indentation from Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates collision. Rift-sag geometry with plate-margin parallel sag basins over N-S-oriented grabens. Grabens control lacustrine source-rock distribution. Ombilin Basin three-fold evolution. Eocene sedimentation controlled by normal faults, not strike-slip, suggesting genetic relationship with N-S-oriented early Tertiary of N, C and S Sumatra Basins not local pull-apart related to Sumatra Fault Zone. Oligocene sedimentation dominated by fluvial deposition at time of active volcanism and strike-slip faulting, indicating modification of initial basin style by strike slip along Sumatra Fault Zone. E Miocene dominated by marine deposits and thermal subsidence. Uplift to present intramontane setting and differentiation from C and S Sumatra Basins in M Miocene or later. Similar genetic origin to C and S Sumatra Basins is suggested) Howles, A.C. (1984)- Structural and stratigraphic interpretation of the Bengkulu shelf, southwest Sumatra. M.Sc. Thesis University South Carolina, p. 1-94. Howles, A.C. (1986)- Structural and stratigraphic evolution of the southwest Sumatran Bengkulu shelf. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 215-243. (Paleogene basin with > 10,000’ sediment under Bengkulu shelf interpreted to be continuation of S Sumatran graben system. Mid-Oligocene unconformity truncates basement high and signifies possible change in tectonic configuration of region. Switch of rapid subsidence from E side of basement high to W side with initiation of Sumatran forearc. Right-lateral slip along Sumatran fault began in M Miocene. Restoring ~150 km offset along Sumatran fault causes graben to line up with S Sumatra Benakat Gully. Neogene transgressive cycle began with deposition of E Miocene Baturaja carbonates. M Miocene Parigi carbonate between fine clasticts and younger


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deltaic regressive sequence. Erosion of Barisan Mountains generated Plio-Pleistocene deltaic/slope deposits which prograde onto E flank of Sumatran forearc basin) Huchon, P. & X. Le Pichon (1984)- Sunda Strait and central Sumatra fault. Geology 12, p. 668- 672. (Right-lateral Central Sumatra fault accommodates oblique subduction and terminates in SE at extensional zone of Sunda Strait) Hudya, F.D., A. Aimar, T. Afandi, D. Setiawan & R.S.W. Handayani (2008)- Recovery optimization strategy for thin oil column reservoir with large gas cap: case study of Gunung Kembang Field. Proc. SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conf., Perth 2008, 7 p. (Exploitation of thin (25’-40’) oil rim below thick gas cap in Gunung Kembang field challenging. Horizontal oil wells in upper oil rim near gas oil contact best strategy for depletion of oil rim. Oil recovery expected to rise to ~ 8% while gas is being delivered) Humphreys B., et. al. (1994)- Origin of grain-coating chlorite by smectite transformation: an example from Miocene sandstones, North Sumatra back-arc basin, Indonesia. Clay Minerals 29, 4, p. 681-692. Hutapea, O.M. (1976)- Depositional environments and their control of oil accumulation in the Abab field, South Sumatra. J. Assoc. Indon. Geol. (IAGI) 3, 1, p. 37-43. Hutapea, O.M. (1978)- Pengembangan lapangan Benakat: suatu perangkap stratigrafi. Geol. Indon. (J. Indon. Assoc. Geol., IAGI) 5, 1, p. 45-57. ('Development of the Benakat field; some stratigraphic traps'. S Sumatra) Hutapea, O.M. (1981)- Pewatasan lapisan waduk Formasi Tualang, di Merbau, Riau. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 222-229. ('Traps in the Tualang Fm at Merbau, Riau') Hutapea, O.M. (1981)- The prolific Talang Akar Formation in Raja Field South Sumatra. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 251-267. (S Sumatra Raja field 1940 discovery in Late Oligocene- E Miocene deltaic- shallow marine Talang Akar Sst) Hutapea, O. (1998)- The Semoga- Kaji discoveries: large stratigraphic Batu Raja oil fields in South Sumatra. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 313-326. (Semoga, Kaji and Sembada first E Miocene Baturaja carbonates discoveries on Palembang High and with stratigraphic trapping components. In Rimau Block only Talang Akar Fm had been productive. Good quality reef-related carbonate reservoir. Hydrocarbons from Talang Akar and Lemat Fm lacustrine shales, trapped by combination structural- stratigraphic controls, after initial migration into paleo-traps, then remigrating into present traps. Telisa shales acts as top seal, facies change of Baturaja carbonates acts as lateral seal) Hutapea, O. (2002)- What makes Kaji-Semoga field so big? In: F.H. Sidi & A. Setiawan (eds.) Proc. Giant field and new exploration concepts seminar, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 2002, p. 1-5. (Extended Abstract. Small 1996 discoveries in E Miocene Baturaja Fm limestones at Semoga 1, Kaji 1 and Sembada 1 wells proved to be part of single large oil pool with recoverable reserves of ~200 MMBO. Oil below structural spill points, demonstrating stratigraphic control on hydrocarbon accumulation) Hwang, R.J., T. Heidrick, B. Mertani, Qivayanti & M. Li (2000)- Correlation and migration studies of North Central Sumatra oils. Organic Geochem. 33, 12, p. 1361-1379. (Tertiary lacustrine shale, Brown Shale, long recognized as main source rock for C Sumatra basin oils. Biomarker and carbon isotopic data from producing fields indicate oils quite similar geochemically but several genetic groups, tied to subtle differences in source facies) Icke, H. & K.Martin (1907)- Over Tertiaire en Kwartaire vormingen van het eiland Nias. Samml. Geol. ReichsMus. Leiden (1) 8, p. 204-252.


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(‘On Tertiary and Quaternary deposits of Nias Island’. Mainly description of molluscs. No maps) Imtihanah (2000)- Isotopic dating of igneous sequences of the Sumatra Fault System. M.Sc. Thesis, London University, p. Imtihanah (2005)- Rb/Sr geochronology and geochemistry of granitoid rocks from Western part of Central Sumatra. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 2, p. 103-117. (Three granitoid plutons studied, Sulit Air, Lassi and Lolo. Age of Lassi is 55-52.2 Ma (Eocene) and Lolo 15.15.8 Ma (M-L Miocene)) Indarto, S., Sudaryanto & E. Soebowo (1994)- Kualitas batubara ditinjau dari kondisi geologi dan analisis proksimat di wilayah Bengkulu, Sumatra. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 1076-1085. ('Coal quality viewed from geological conditions and proximity analysis in the Bengkulu Province, Sumatra') Indranadi, V.B., L. Sitohang & Wibisono (2011)- Unconformity-bounded stratigraphic units of the Central Sumatra basin: implication for basin history and petroleum system in Bengkalis Trough. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-442, 17p. (Three main unconformity bounded units in Late Eocene- Pliocene of C Sumatra: (1) Kelesa Synthem: Late Eocene-Oligocene synrift sequence, equivalent to Lower Red Beds, Brown Shale, Upper Red Beds; (2) Sihapas Synthem: Late Oligocene- M Miocene post-rift, equivalent with Lakat, Tualang and Telisa Fms. Terminated by structural inversion of Binio Event in M Miocene and Barisan Mts uplift at 13 Ma; (3) Petani Synthem: M Miocene- Recent inverted basin sequence, equivalent to Binio and Korinci Fms. Binio Event local unconformity. Minas Event is youngest deformation in Plio-Pleistocene (~5 Ma)) Iskandar, E. ( 1994)- Thermometamorphose im Bukit Asam Kohlenrevier, Sudsumatra, Indonesien. InauguralDissertation, Universitat Koln, p. 1-120. ('Thermal metamorphism in the Bukit Asam coal deposit, S Sumatra'. Thermal influence on Miocene coal seams up to few 100m away from E Pleistocene igneous intrusion. Coal rank increases from 0.4 Rm% (subbituminous) in uninfluenced area to 2.5 Rm% (semi-anthracite/anthracite) near contact )) Iskandar E.A.P., I.M. van Waveren & J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (2006)- Pecopterids from the Lower Permian of Jambi Sumatra. Trans. Royal Soc. Scotland, p. Izart, A., B.M. Kemal & J.A. Malod (1994)- Seismic stratigraphy and subsidence evolution of the northwest Sumatra fore-arc basin Marine Geol. 122, 1-2, p. 109-124. (New seismic in Sumatra margin fore-arc. Area of oblique subduction with two large strike-slip faults parallel to subduction trench, Sumatra fault on Sumatra and Mentawai fault offshore, separating accretionary prism from fore-arc basin. Widespread Paleogene uplift and erosion followed by Miocene subsidence, evidenced by two transgressive-regressive shelf sequences. In Pliocene-Quaternary fore-arc basin segmented into several sub-basins (Aceh, Simeulue and Nias basins) by compressional zones or strike-slip faults. Subsidence rate increased, producing sequence 3 for Pliocene, and 4 for Quaternary. Local variations in sediment thickness indicate tectonics prevail over eustacy) Jacobs, S.T. (1986)- Bentayan Field: unique method of heavy oil production, South Sumatra. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 65-76. (S Sumatra Corridor Block Bentayan Field discovered by BPM in 1932 in Talang Akar Sst. Until 1985 undeveloped due to heavy crude properties (22° API, pour point 115°F). Downhole blending with low pour point crude allows production of refinery ready product) Jackson, A. (1961)- Oil exploration- a brief review with illustrations from South Sumatra. Contr. Dept. Geol. Inst. Techn. Bandung 40, 9p (Brief Shell paper on S Sumatra oil exploration)


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Janele, P.T., T.H. Tankersley, G.H. Schmit, B.C. Wibowo, A. Rahardja H. & W.C. Dawson (2000)- Stochastic modeling at Kotabatak Field, Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 19p. (Kotabatak oil field modeling. NE-SW trending estuarine channels in Bekasap Fm reservoirs) Jenkins, S.D., Hendar S.M. & E. J. Kodl (1994)- Integrated analysis of Petani gas sands in selected fields, Central Sumatra. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 373-385. (Seismic anomalies used to identify M-L Miocene Petani gas sands and allow areal mapping beyond the areas of well control. Anomalies integrated with structure maps, sand isopach maps, facies maps and log gas indications enable quick evaluation of small, shallow gas plays) Jobson, D.H., C.A. Boulter & R.P.Foster (1994)- Structural controls and genesis of epithermal gold-bearing breccias at the Lebong Tandai Mine, western Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 50, p. 409-428. (Lebong Tandai Neogene low-sulphidation, volcanic-hosted epithermal gold deposit in foothills of Barisan Mts) Johansen, S. & H. Semimbar (2010)- Sand-rich tide-dominated deltaic systems of the Lower Miocene, Central Sumatran Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Hedberg Conference, Jakarta 2009, Extended Abstract, 8p. (online at: www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2010/50255johansen/ndx_johansen.pdf) (C Sumatran Basin >100 oil-gas fields, mainly in E Miocene Sihapas Group sand-rich, tide-dominated deltaic systems and updip fluvial equivalents. Preserved depositional systems tracts extend from updip fluvio-tidal channels into delta-front inclined tidal-marine sands and muds, then into delta front deposits interbedded with marine mudstones, sandy foram grainstones and cross-bedded glauconitic sands. Overall trend transgressive and capped by marine shales) Johari, S. (1988)- Geochemistry and tin mineralisation in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. In: C.S. Hutchison (ed.) Tin mineralisation, with emphasis on Asian deposits. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, p. 541-556 Jongmans, W.J. & W. Gothan (1925)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Oberkarbons von Sumatra. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser., 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 279-303. ('Contibutions to the knowledge of the flora of the Upper Carboniferous of Sumatra'. First report on classic Early Permian ‘Jambi flora’. 80 species, including 14 Pecopteris spp. Interpreted here as Upper Carboniferous age, but subsequent papers all call it Permian) and of ‘European’ affinity, with no relations to Gondwana flora) Jongmans, W.J. & W. Gothan (1935)- Die Ergebnisse der paläobotanischen Djambi-Expedition 1925. 2. Die palaeobotanischen Ergebnisse. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie (1930), 59, Verh. 2, p. 71-201. ('The results of the 1925 paleobotanic Jambi expedition'. Rich ‘Upper Carboniferous’ plant floras collected by Tobler in Djambi many European affinities, no Gondwana elements. Later workers (van Waveren, etc.) reinterpreted as Early Permian age, and confirmed Cathaysian affinity) Jordan, C.F. & M. Abdullah (1988)- Lithofacies analysis of the Arun reservoir, North Sumatra. In: A.J. Lomando & P.M. Harris (eds.) Giant oil and gas fields, a core workshop. SEPM Core Workshop 12, p. 89-117. (Arun gas-condensate field in N Sumatra, producing from 1100' thick E-M Miocene reefal carbonate buildup. Four facies associated with patch reef complexes. All facies in communication through microporous limestone. Diagenetic reactions creating porosity far outweigh depositional controls on porosity distribution) Jordan, C.F. & M. Abdullah (1992)- Arun Field- Indonesia North Sumatra Basin. AAPG Treatise Petroleum Geology, Stratigraphic Traps III, p. 1-39. (Arun largest gas field in N Sumatra basin, with initial dry gas in place of >16 TCF. Reservoir E-M Miocene reefal buildup limestone) Kadar, D., R. Preece & J.C. Phelps (2008)- Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. In: Sumatra stratigraphy workshop, Duri (Riau) 2005, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 5-51. (Six Late Oligocene- M Miocene planktonic foram zones in C Sumatra subsurface. Early M Miocene hiatus in Minas and other fields, called Duri event, spans zone N10)


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Kadir, W.G.A., S. Sukmono, M.T. Zen, L. Hendrajaya & D. Santoso (1996)- Gravity evidence for the thinning of the crust around the North Sumatra area. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 81-91. (Structural discontinuity around N Sumatra effect of split in descending oceanic plate along continuation of Investigator Ridge Transform Fault. Discontinuity reflected by sharp change of Sumatra Fault, volcanic line offset and major changes to strike of Batee fault and Batee trench. Area around discontinuity low gravity anomaly with higher anomaly in center, indicating low density body of mantle material intruded by higher density igneous material in center. Gravity model pattern reflects thinning of crust beneath N Sumatra due to regional tensional stresses of mantle depth at ~20 km depth) Kalan, T., R.J. Maxwell & J.H. Calvett, (1984)- Ramba and Tanjung Laban oil discoveries, Corridor Block, South Sumatra. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 365-384. (Two oil discoveries in E Miocene Baturaja Limestone reservoirs. Ramba 1 with 57m reefal limestone, average porosity 19%, Tanjung Laban 1 has 63m limestone, 18m oil pay) Kallagher, H.J. (1989)- The structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Sunda Forearc Basin, North Sumatra. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. London, 387 p. Kamal, A. (2000)- Hydrocarbon potential in the Pasemah Block, a frontier area in South Sumatra. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 49-63. (Pasemeh Block is small intra-montane basin near Pageralam in Barisan Mts, behind Gumai Mts. Miocene stratigraphy with Talang Akar quartz sandstones and baturaja Limestone suggests it was western extension of S Sumatra basin. Surface oil and gas seeps and thermogenic hydrocarbons (incl. high-CO2 gas) in first exploration well Ruas-1 suggest working petroleum system in Muara Dua area in SE of block. Quality of seismic data poor, due to presence of young near-surface volcanics) Kamal, A., R.M.I. Argakoesoemah & Solichin (2008)- A proposed basin-scale lithostratigraphy for South Sumatra Basin. In: Sumatra stratigraphy workshop, Duri (Riau) 2005, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 85-97. (Description of Eocene- Pliocene stratigraphy of S Sumatra basin) Kamili, Z.A. & A.M. Naim (1973)- Stratigraphy of Lower and Middle Miocene sediments in North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 53-72. (Discussion of stratigraphy and facies of E Miocene of NE Sumatra basin) Kamili, Z.A., A. Wahab, J. Kingston, Z. Achmad, S. Sosromihardjo & C.U. Crausaz (1976)- Contribution to the Pre-Baong stratigraphy of North Sumatra. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 91-108. Karig, D.E., M.K. Lawrence, G.F. Moore & J.R. Curray (1980)- Structural framework of the fore-arc basin, NW Sumatra. J. Geol. Soc. London 137, p. 77-91. (Sumatra fore-arc basin subsiding trough between rising subduction complex and elevated continental core. Up to 4 km of Miocene-Recent on E flank of basin over unconformity cut across Paleogene continental margin that was uplifted and disrupted in Late Oligocene. Large step-like offsets of paleo-shelf edge attributed to rightlateral strike-slip faults, splaying across fore-arc from Sumatra Fault Zone. Offsets up to 100 km+, producing marginal re-entrants that became sites of turbidite-filled basins behind growing Neogene accretionary prism. Larger re-entrants may be floored with oceanic crust. Seaward flank of fore-arc basin migrated W during Neogene subduction. By late M Miocene, trench slope break was near sea level and formed shelf edge high. Thrusting and folding related to subduction probably decreased gradually upslope until LatePliocene, when large flexures and E-directed reverse faults developed) Karig, D.E., G.F. Moore, J.R. Curray & M.B. Lawrence (1980)- Morphology and shallow structure of the lower trench slope off Nias Island, Sunda Arc. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands-1, AGU Geoph. Mon. 23, p. 179-208.


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Karig, D.E., S. Suparka, G.F. Moore & P.E. Hehunassa (1978)- Structure and Cenozoic evolution of the Sunda Arc in the Central Sumatra region. CCOP Techn. Bull. 12, p. 43-86. (Same paper as above) Karig, D.E., S. Suparka, G.F. Moore & P.E. Hehunassa (1978)- Structure and Cenozoic evolution of the Sunda Arc in the Central Sumatra region. In: Geological and geophysical investigations of continental margins, Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol., Mem. 29, p. 223-237. (W Sumatra margin reflects effects of subduction and right-lateral slip. Nias consists of mid-Tertiary melange and less deformed younger beds. Forearc basin at least 4km sediment. Unconformity around PaleogeneMiocene boundary. Inner shelf and coastal mountains common Oligocene andesitic intrusives and volcanics (farther W than younger and older volcanic centers). Major uplift of Barisan Mts in Late Miocene- Pliocene) Karig, D.E., S. Suparka, G.F. Moore & P.E. Hehunassa (1978)- Structure and Cenozoic evolution of the Sunda Arc in the Central Sumatra region. UN ESCAP, CCOP Techn. Bull. 12, p. 87-108. (Same paper as above) Karta, K., Zuki & Isnawati (1998)- Geodynamics of the north Sumatra fore arc as caused by oblique subduction: results of the Sumenta expedition of R.V. Baruna Jaya III. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 34th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Taejon, Korea 1997, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 172-185. Kastowo & G.W. Leo (1973)- Geologic map of the Padang Quadrangle, Sumatra (4/VIII), 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Katili, J.A. (1960)- Geological investigations in the Lassi granite mass (Central Sumatra). Doct. Thesis Inst. Techn. Bandung, 127p. (Unpublished) Katili, J.A. (1962)- On the age of the granitic rocks in relation to the structural features of Sumatra. In: G.A. MacDonald & H. Kuno (eds.) The crust of the Pacific Basin. Am. Geoph. Union Mon. 6, p. 116-121. Most granites of Sumatra post-Triassic and pre-Tertiary in age, but some granites in S Sumatra of Cretaceous age. In C Sumatra only one definite unconformity between Triassic and Tertiary deposits. No accurate age of folding can be established from field data. Radiometric age of Lassi granites in C Sumatra 112 ± 24 Ma, midCretaceous= tied to folding?) Katili, J.A. (1968)- Permian volcanism and its relation to the tectonic development of Sumatra. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Mining Bandung 1, 1, p. 3-13. (also in “Geotectonics of Indonesia- a modern view’, Bandung 1980) (Extensive Permian volcanics SE of Lake Singkarak, mainly flows of hornblende and augite andesites ('diabase of Verbeek 1883). Thin-bedded limestone-shale in tuffs with Upper Permian fusulinids Doliolina lepida, Pseudofusulina padangensis, Neoschwagerina multiseptata and Fusulinella lantenoisi. Local contact metamorphism around mid-Cretaceous Lassi granites, simultaneous with main folding phase of region) Katili, J.A. (1969)- Permian volcanism and its relation to the tectonic development of Sumatra. Bull. Volcanologique 33, p. 530-540. (same paper as above) Katili, J.A. (1970)- Large transcurrent faults in Southeast Asia, with special reference to Indonesia. Geol. Rundschau 59, 2, p. 581-600. Katili, J.A. (1970)- Naplet structures and transcurrent faults in Sumatra. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Mining, Bandung, 3, 1, p. 11-28. (Disputes nappe structure of Sumatra Pre-Tertiary, as proposed by Tobler 1917) Katili, J.A. (1973)- Geochronology of West Indonesia and its implication on plate tectonics. Tectonophysics 19, p. 195-212.


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(Radiometric age dates from Sumatra, Java, Natuna, etc.) Katili, J.A. (1974)- Sumatra. In: A.M.Spencer (ed.) Mesozoic-Cenozoic Orogenic Belts, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 317-331. Katili, J.A. & F. Hehuwat (1967)- On the occurrence of large transcurrent faults in Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Geosci. Osaka City Univ. 10, 1, p. 5-17. (Several geologic features suggesting 20-25km right-lateral slip along Sumatra fault zone) Katili, J.A. & Kamal (1961)- Laporan sementara mengenai geologi daerah Ombilin Pesisir utara Danau Singkarak. Proc. Inst. Tekn. Bandung 1, 1, p. 5-23. (online at: http://journal.itb.ac.id/index.php?li=article_detail&id=836) (Geological mapping in Ombilin area N of Lake Singkarak to study Late Paleozoic- E Mesozoic Silungkang Fm volcanic-sedimentary deposits, Triassic and 'Pre-Permian' Guguk Bulat granite. Fusulinids of Silungkang Fm determined as Permian by P. Marks. Part of limestone in Lurah Tambang River not Triassic, but Silungkang Fm. Pre-Permian granite does not exist; arkosic rock of Guguk Bulat part of Tertiary quartz sandstone formation, resulting from weathering of granite of possible Cretaceous age) Kato, M., D. Sundari, T.C. Amin, D. Kosasih, S.L. Tobing et al. (1999)- A note on the reconfirmation of Lower Carboniferous age of the Agam River limestone of the Kuantan Formation, West Sumatra. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 9, p. 53-61. (Corals in Agam River limestone in Padang Highlands E of Bukittingi confirm E Carboniferous, Visean age) Katz, B.J. & W.C. Dawson, (1997)- Pematang-Sihapas petroleum system of Central Sumatra.. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 685698. (Lacustrine Pematang Group Brown Shale Fm generated -60 GB oil. E Miocene Sihapas sandstones principal reservoirs. Giant fields (Minas, Duri) principally along E margins of sub-basins. Smaller fields with Pematang nonmarine reservoirs in deeper troughs. Pematang Group in series of grabens, with basal fluvial/alluvial unit (Lower Red Bed), medial lacustrine unit (Brown Shale), upper fluvial/alluvial unit (Upper Red Bed). Pematang disconformably overlain by Menggala Fm with quartzose- subarkosic sandstones with average porosity >20% and permeability of 1500 md. Many oil fields associated with paleohighs, drag folds, and post mid-Miocene inversion. Hydrocarbon generation initiated in Miocene and continues currently in parts of basin) Katz, B.J., W.C. Dawson, C. Atallah, B. Gunardi et al. (1998)- Anatomy of a lacustrine source- the Brown Shale of Central Sumatra, Indonesia. AAPG Ann. Mtg., Salt Lake City 1998 (Abstract) (Brown Shale Fm of Pematang Group lacustrine source rock, with oil-prone facies in more rapidly subsiding sub-basins and more distal settings. Oil-prone facies in upper portion of sequence. Multiple oil sub-families, reflecting environmental variations (water depth, salinity, etc.) and relative proportion of allochthonous organic matter. Oil sub-families geographically restricted, and associated with distinct sub-basin) Katz, B.J. & B. Mertani (1989)- Central Sumatra- a geochemical paradox. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 403-425. Kavalieris, I., D.J. Turvey & L.J.L. Heesterman (1987)- The geology and mineralization of the Mangani Mine, Sumatra, Indonesia. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, p. 221-225. (Historically important but small Mangani gold-silver mine was discovered in 1907, exploited between 19121931 and 1940-1941. Located along splay of NW-SE trending Sumatran Fault System. Mineralization young low sulfur type epithermal system, hosted by Tertiary andesite) Keats, W. (1981)- Cainozoic sedimentation in Sumatra north of 3°N. In: Proc. Second Symp. Integrated geological survey of northern Sumatra. Laporan Simposium Direktorat Sumber Daya Mineral, Direct. Min. Res., Bandung, 3A, p. 87-101.


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(Cenozoic stratigraphy of N and E parts of N Sumatra well established, from oil and gas exploration activities. Modified formation names proposed. Depositional model postulates presence off NW of Sumatra, of a chain of non-volcanic outer arc islands between 35/32 Ma - 18/17 Ma, similar to present Nias-Mentawai islands. E-M Miocene uplift of Asahan Arch and volcanism, mid-Miocene orogeny linked to initial opening of Andaman Sea, Late Miocene- Quaternary volcanism, and latest Plio-Pleistocene orogenic pulse) Keil, K.F.G. (1931)- Over het ontstaan van karakteristieke kalk concreties in de Telisa-lagen aan den oostrand van het Goemai-gebergte. De Mijningenieur 12, p. 193-198. ('On the origin of characteristic calcareous concretions in the Telisa beds at the E margin of the Gumai Mountains'. Formed by physical- chemical processes) Kelley, P.A., B. Mertani & H.H. Williams (1995)- Brown Shale Formation: Paleogene lacustrine source rocks of Central Sumatra. In: B.J. Katz (ed.) Petroleum source rocks, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 283-308. Kertapati, E.K. (1984)- Penelitian seismotektonik Teluk Lampung dan sekitarnya. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 65-96. ('Investigation of seismotectonics of Lampung Bay and surroundings') Kesumajana, A.H.P., D. Noeradi, B. Sapiie & A. Priono (2010)- The role of hydrocarbon maturation modeling, A case study: South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-147, 4 p. (Summary of thermal modeling study in S Sumatra basin from hydrocarbon maturity data. Five phases: (1) increase in heat flow during rift phase (30.5- 25 Ma), (2) decrease during sag phase (25- 20 Ma), (3) increase again due to magmatic activity (20- 10 Ma), (4) decline after cessation of magmatism (10- 1.6 Ma) and (5)final increase with final magmatic activity (1.6- 0 Ma). Khan, P.K. & P.P. Chakraborty (2009)- Bearing of plate geometry and rheology on shallow-focus mega-thrust seismicity with special reference to 26 December 2004 Sumatra event. J. Asian Earth Sci. 34, p. 480-491. Kieckhefer, R.M., G.F. Moore, F.J. Emmel & W. Sugiarta (1981)- Crustal structure of the Sunda forearc region west of central Sumatra from gravity data. J. Geophys. Res. 86, p. 7003-7012. (Gravity modeling of transect S of Nias. Free-air anomalies -100 mGal low 10-20 km landward of trench axis and +80 mGal high over outer arc ridge but also large anomalies unrelated to topography. An 80 mGal rise may be near-surface body of high-density material (oceanic crust?). This slab may be exposed on SW coast of Nias, where ultramafic bodies were mapped. A -30 mGal free-air low over forearc basin modeled best if preMiocene mélange or continental crust underlies basin) Kieckhefer, R.M., G.G. Shor, J.R. Curray, W. Sugiarta & F. Hehuwat (1980)- Seismic refraction studies of the Sunda trench and forearc basin. J. Geophys. Res. 85, B2, p. 863-889. (Six refraction lines around Nias Island, NW Sumatra, parallel to structure) Kieft, C. & I.S. Oen (1973)- Ore minerals in the Telluride-bearing gold-silver ores of Salida, Indonesia, with special referenc to the distribution of Selenium. Mineral. Deposita 8, p. 312-320. Kieft, C. & I.S. Oen (1977)- Ore mineral parageneses in Mn-Sn-Ag-Au-Se-bearing veins of Mangani, Sumatra, Indonesia. In: Problems of ore deposition 2, 4th IAGOD Symposium, Varna, Publ. House Bulgarian Acad. Sci., Sofia, p. 295-302. Kimpe, W.F.M. (1944)- De eruptiva van het Siboemboen-gebergte en hun contactgesteenten (Padangsche Bovenlanden, Sumatra). Doct. Thesis University. of Amsterdam, 141p. (Descriptions of igneous rocks of Sibumbum Mountains, E of Lake Singkarak, Padang Highlands) Kingston, J. (1978)- Oil and gas generation, migration and accumulation in the North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 7th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 75-104.


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Kingston, J. (1978)- Oil and gas generation, migration and accumulation in the North Sumatra Basin. SEAPEX Proc. 4, Singapore 1977/78, p. 158-182. (N Sumatra Tertiary source rocks are deep in basin and older than lower Middle Miocene) Kirby, G.A., R.J. Morley, B. Humphreys, C.J. Matchette-Downes, M.J. Sarginson, G.K. Lott et al. (1993)- A reevaluation of the regional geology and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the onshore central North Sumatra basin. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 243-264. (BGS/ LEMIGAS study of onshore central N Sumatra Basin. Results indicate possibility of hydrocarbons in stratigraphic traps and closures in Miocene sediments and Palaeogene half-grabens which are believed to have been source kitchens. Marine mudstones poor source potential for gas only. Source rocks probably lacustrine, very mature, located in Palaeogene half grabens. Oil generation began at ~11 Ma in deepest of half-grabens) Kirby, G.A., B. Situmorang & B. Setiardja (1989)- Seismic stratigraphy of the Baong and Keutapang Formations, North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 289-301. (Seismic stratigraphy of M-L Miocene sandstones in Pertamina Unit I area, N Sumatra. Dominantly deltaic sequences of Keutapang Fm in S and the marine Upper Baong Shale to N. Three separate phases of delta progradation. Clastic source directions mainly from SSW and SW, from rising Barisan Mountains. Besitang River Sst in NE from continental source in East) Kjellgren, G.M. & H. Sugiharto (1989)- Oil geochemistry: a clue to the hydrocarbon history and prospectivity of the southeastern North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 363-384. (Oils from onshore and offshore N Sumatra basin two separate phases. Oldest severely biodegraded and probably expelled from syn-rift E Oligocene Bampo Fm. Widespread post-rift Late Oligocene- M Miocene Lower Baong/Belumai Fm is source for second and final oil phase) Klein, W.C. (1916)- On a trilobite fauna of presumably Devonian age in the Dutch East Indies near Kaloee, Tamiang District, S.E. Atjeh). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 18, 2, p. 1632-1636. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012632.pdf) (Discovery of presumably Devonian limestones with trilobites W of Kaloee on Simpang Kiri River, SE Aceh, in 190m thick, weakly folded limestone-shale succession. Trilobite probably of genus Proetus. Associated with brachiopods, corals and crinoids. No map or illustrations. Trilobite subsequently determined to be Permian in age by Tesch, 1916) Klein, W.C. (1918)- De Oostoever van het Toba-meer in Noord-Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 46 (1917), Verh. 1, p. 136-187. (Geologic description of eastern shore of Lake Toba, N Sumatra, with 1:200,000 geologic map) Klein, W.C. (1918)- Voorloopige mededeeling over de geologie van den oostoever van het Tobameer in N.Sumatra. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie 77, 3, p. 206-216. (‘Preliminary communication on the geology of the eastern shore of Lake Toba, N Sumatra’. Two amphibolebiotite granite massifs intruded into highly folded Paleozoic limestones and slates, overlain by little- folded ?Eocene quartz sandstones, liparite tuffs and andesite intrusives. Old lake terraces up to 250m above present lake level) Klompe, Th.H.F. (1954)- On the supposed Upper Paleozoic unconformity in North Sumatra. Madjalah Ilmu Alam untuk Indonesia (Indon. J. Nat. Sci.) 111, p. 151-165. (also 1955 Leidsche Geol. Meded. 20, p. 120-134) (No obvious Paleozoic- Mesozoic unconformity along NE shore lake Toba, but folded Upper Triassic shaleslimestones unconformably overlain by Tertiary clastics (Paleogene conglomerates, E Miocene marine shale) Knight, M.D., G.L. Walker, B.B. Ellwood & J.F. Diehl (1986)- Stratigraphy, palaeomagnetism, and magnetic fabric of the Toba tuffs: constraints on sources and eruptive styles. J. Geoph. Res. 91, p. 355-382. Kobayashi, T. & K. Masatani (1968)- Upper Triassic Halobia (Pelecypoda) from North Sumatra with a note on the Halobia facies in Indonesia. J. Geol. Geogr. Japan, 39, 2-4, p. 113-123.


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(Lake Toba area 'Kualu Fm' open marine mudstone with Carnian deeper marine bivalves Halobia tobaensis n.sp. and Halobia kwaluana. Carnian-Norian subdivided into four zones based on Halobia species) Koesoemadinata, R.P. & T. Matasak (1981)- Stratigraphy and sedimentation: Ombilin Basin, Central Sumatra (West Sumatra Province). Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 217-249. (Ombilin basin asymmetric intermontane basin, folded in E part. Carboniferous Limestones (Kuantan Fm), Permian volcanics (Silungkang Fm) and Triassic sediments, intruded by granites. Paleocene Sangkarewang Fm lacustrine shales with fish fossils, interfingering with Brani Fm alluvial fan conglomerates. In NW these units overlain by probably Eocene coal bearing Sawahlunto Fm. Paleogene ~2600 m thick, overlain by Ombilin Fm marine clay-marls (Lower Miocene), unconformably overlain by Ranau Fm Quaternary tuffs) Koning, T. (1985)- Petroleum geology of the Ombilin intermontane basin, West Sumatra. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 117-137. (Sinamar No. 1 first oil exploration well in Tertiary intermontane basin in Indonesia. Ombilin Basin rel. small (~1500 km2), but up to 4600 m of M Eocene -E Miocene sediments with significant depositional hiatuses. Massive debris flows and extensive alluvial fan deposits on basin margins and large Eocene lake in center. Uplift and erosion since M Miocene reduced Ombilin Basin to present area. Located in Sumatra magmatic arc, but temperature gradients cooler than Sumatra back-arc basins. Eocene lacustrine shales and Oligocene marine shales likely source rocks for hydrocarbons tested in Sinamar 1 and oil seeps along basin margins) Koning, T. (1992)- Oil production from Pre-Tertiary basement rocks in Indonesia: examples from Sumatra and Kalimantan. AAPG Ann. Mtg. Calgary 1992 (Abstract) (Beruk NE (1976) field in C Sumatra produces from pre-Tertiary basement. Beruk NE 1 tested 1680 BOD and ~2 MBO produced from metaquartzites, weathered argillites and granite. Radiometric ages E Permian- E Cretaceous. Unusual production problems due to reservoir variability, four separate oil-water contacts, and possible unrecognized water-bearing fracture systems. Tanjung field in Barito basin, S Kalimantan (1938), produced 21 MBO from Pre-Tertiary volcanics, pyroclastics and metamorphosed sandstones and claystones, locally weathered and fractured. Both fields faulted anticlines, and oil source rocks adjacent Tertiary shales) Koning, T. & K. Aulia (2000)- Exploration in the Ombilin intermontane basin, West Sumatra. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000. (Abstract only) (Caltex 1984 Sinamar-1 first well in intermontane Ombilin Basin in Barisan Mts., with noncommercial oil and gas. Apache 1994 South Sinamar-1 was 1140 m dry hole. Despite small area (1500 km2), up to 4600 m of Tertiary sediments. Basin initially Early Tertiary intermontane trough with debris flows and alluvial fans on margins and Eocene lake in center. Uplift-erosion since M Miocene reduced original basin extent. Although in present-day magmatic arc and partially covered by volcanics, T gradients lower than Sumatra back-arc basins. Eocene lacustrine shales likely source for hydrocarbons in Sinamar-1 and two oil seeps along basin margin) Koning, T. & F.X. Darmono (1984)- The geology of the Beruk Northeast Field, Central Sumatra; oil production from Pre-Tertiary basement rocks. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 385-406. (Beruk NE oil field in C Sumatra discovered in 1976, testing 1680 BOPD from Pre-Tertiary fractured metaquartzites, weathered argillites, and weathered granite. Radiometric ages mainly Jurassic- E Cretaceous. Bohorok Fm at nearby Cucut 1 well contains an E-M Carboniferous flora) Koolhoven, W.C.B. & W.A.J. Aernout (1928)- De afzettingen van Simau (Res. Benkoelen). De Mijningenieur 9, p. 150-163 and p. 177-187. ('The deposits of Simau, Residency of Bengkulu'. On gold-silver deposits in Simau mine area, SW Sumatra. These mines were in production by 'Simau Mijn maatschappij' from 1910-1941 and connected to the outside world only by 30km narrow guage rail line) Kopp, H.. E.R. Flueh, D. Klaeschen, J. Bialas & C. Reichert (2001)- Crustal structure of the central Sunda margin at the onset of oblique subduction. Geophys. J. Int. 147, 2 p. 449-474. (Data off S Sumatra and Sunda Strait show lateral increase in dip of subducted plate from 5° to 7° below outer high off Sumatra to Sunda Strait. Downgoing slab traced to >30 km depth. Backstop structure underlying


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trench slope break defines landward termination of accretionary prism. Velocities of outer high moderate, suggest sediments. Reduced reflectivity beneath rugged top basement supports high degree of deformation and compaction. Several km of sediment in forearc, with distinct basin recognized off S Sumatra but not off Sunda Strait. Bathymetric elevation of Java shelf in S Sunda Strait corresponds to increased basement high velocities and is connected to Sunda Strait transtensional basin. Velocity-depth model indicates continental-type crust under forearc basin off S Sumatra, whereas lower velocities found beneath Sunda Strait forearc) Kopp, H., R. Weinrebe, S. Ladage, U. Barckhausen, D. Klaeschen, E.R. Flueh, C. Gaedicke, Y. Djajadihardja et al. (2008)- Lower slope morphology of the Sumatra trench system. Basin Research 20, p. 519-529. (Lower plate fabric extensively modulates upper plate morphology and morphotectonic segmentation of Sumatra trench system is linked to subduction of reactivated fracture zones and aseismic ridges of Wharton Basin. In general, increasing intensity of mass-wasting processes, from S to N, correlates with oversteepening of lower slope, probably in response to alternating phases of frontal accretion and sediment underthrusting) Koulakov, I., T. Yudistira, B.G. Luhr & Wandono (2009)- P, S velocity and VP/VS ratio beneath the Toba caldera complex (Northern Sumatra) from local earthquake tomography. Geoph. J. Int. 177, 3, p. 1121-1139. Krausel, R. (1922)- Fossile Holzer aus dem Tertiar von Sud-Sumatra. Beitr. Geol. Palaont. Sumatra 4, Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 5, 5, p. 231-287. ('Fossil wood from the Tertiary of South Sumatra'. Descriptions of Miocene silicified woods collected by Tobler. Up to 10m long silicified tree trunks in tuffaceous Upper Miocene Lower Palembang Fm. Some name changes suggested by Den Berger (1923)) Krausel, R. (1929)- Fossile Pflanzen aus dem Tertiar von Sud-Sumatra. Beitr. Geol. Pal. Sumatra 11, Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, 1, p. 1-44. ('Fossil plants from the Tertiary of South Sumatra'. Description of plants collected by Tobler from M and U Palembang Fms. Late Miocene S Sumatra forests not much different from present-day. No locality maps, stratigraphy) Kristanto, A.S. (1991)- Structural analysis of the Sumatran Fault Zone around the Semangka Bay. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 354-375. Krumbeck, L. (1914)- Obere Trias von Sumatra (Die Padang-Schichten von West-Sumatra nebst Anhang). Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederländisch-Indien II, 3, p. 195-266. (Stratigraphy- paleontology of ~200m thick Upper Triassic Padang beds. Poorly fossiliferous sandstones, shales and marls, but four layers of blue-grey, marly fossiliferous, platy limestones. Bivalve faunas look related to Carnian North-Apine Cardita facies. Absence of Misolia, despite same age as Fogi Beds of Buru?) Kugler, H. (1921)- Geologie des Sangir-Batangharigebietes (Mittel-Sumatra). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 5, 4, p. 135-201. (Geology of the Sangir- Batang Hari area', S part of Padang Highlands, N of Korinci volcano. Metamorphic rocks of ‘Schieferbarisan’, Permian fusulinid limestones, Late Triassic limestones with Cardita and with Gervilia and Loxonema molluscs, granites, peridotites, etc.) Kurnely, K., B. Tamtono, S. Aprilian & I. Doria (2003)- A preliminary study of development of Coalbed Methane (CBM) in South Sumatra. SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf., Jakarta 2003, 6p. (South Sumatra onshore basin assesed potential Coal Bed Methane gas 120 TCF. Not much detail) Kurnio, H., U. Schwarz-Schampera & M. Wiedicke (2008)- Structural geological control on the mineralization on Tabuan Island, Semngko Bay, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Bull. Marine Geol. 23, 1, p. 18-25. (online at: http://isjd.lipi.go.id/admin/jurnal/231081825.pdf) (Basaltic-andesitic volcanics of Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene Hulusimpang Fm distributed in broad zone along Semangko Fault zone and are hosts for several epithermal-style gold deposits. Mineralization on Tabuan


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island in Semangko Bay, SE Sumatra, with moderate enrichments in Au, Ag, Zn, Pb, Cu, As, Sb, Ba, and Mn.

Normal faults and margins of grabens may have acted as fluid channelling structures) Kusnama (2003)- The significance of sedimentary rocks of the Bengkulu Basin in the development of the fore arc basin, Sumatra. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 12, 128, p. 2-13. Kusnama (2004)- Tertiary succession of the Gedongharta Region and its relation to the tectonics of South Sumatra. GRDC Bandung, Spec. Publ. 31, p. 14-23. Kusnama (2005)- Stratigrafi daerah Toba-Samosir, Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol.15, 2, p. 31-48. ('Stratigraphy of the Toba-Samosir area, N Sumatra'. Area in Barisan magmatic arc and Sumatera back arc. Paleozoic Tapanuli Group with Pangururan Fm slate, marble, and mudstone and (Late Carb.- E Permian) Bohorok Fm conglomeratic sandstone with schist, quartzite, granitic rocks, marble and quartz fragments. Unconformably overlain by Peusangan Gp Late Triassic Kualu Fm clastics and Sibaganding Fm bioclastic limestone. Tertiary consists of (E-M Miocene?) Parapat Fm quartz sst and conglomerate, Oligo-Miocene Haranggaol Fm welded tuff and pyroclastics and Plio-Pleistocene Simbolon and Takur-takur Fm. Pyroclastic and lava rocks are youngest rock units) Kusnama & S. Andi Mangga (2007)- Perkembangan geologi dan tektonik Pretersier pada mintakat Kuantan Pegunungan Dua Belas dan mintakat Gumai-Garba, Sumatera Bagian Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 17, 6, p. 370-384. (Overview of geology of Pre-Tertiary basement of S Sumatra Kuantan-Duabelas Mts. Carboniferous-Triassic are intruded by Permian and Early Jurassic granitoids. Presence of E-M Permian Cathaysian fusulinids and floras. Gumai- Garba terrane is Jurassic-Cretaceous mélange intruded by late Cretaceous granitoids) Kusnama, S. Andi Mangga & D. Sukarna (1993)- Tertiary stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of southern Sumatra. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on the Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 33, p. 143-152. Kusnama & H. Panggabean (2009)- Karakteristik batubara dan batuan sedimen pembawanya, Formasi Talangakar, di daerah Lampung Tengah. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 4, 2, p. 133-144. ('Characteristics of coal-bearing Talang Akar Fm in the C Lampung area', SW margin S Sumatra Basin. Conglomerates and quartz sst in lower part; shale, claystone, siltstone and coal in upper part. Coal bearing unit believed to be fluvial- paralic Talang Akar Fm. coaly section overlain by E-M Miocene limestone and intruded by M-L Miocene granodiorite. Basement is Gunungkasih metamorphics and Cretaceous granite) Kusnama, R. Pardede, S. Andi Mangga & Sidarto (1993)- Geologic map of the Sungaipenuh and Ketaun sheets, Sumatra, 1: 250.000, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Kusumahbrata, Y. & N. Suwarna (2003)- Characteristics of the Keruh Formation oil shale: its implication to oil shale resource assessment. Pros. Kolok. Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2003, p. 362-370. (Eo-Oligocene organic shale in Keruh Fm along Keruh River, NW of Petai, Riau Province, C Sumatra Basin) Ladage, S., C. Gaedicke, U. Barckhausen, I. Heyde, W. Weinrebe, E.R. Flueh et al. (2006)- Bathymetric survey images structure off Sumatra. EOS Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union 87, 17, p. 165. (Fault rupture models and aftershock activities of 2004 and 2005 earthquakes postulate strong structural segmentation of the Sumatra fore arc. Bathymetric images reveal multitude of morphological features) Laing, J.E. & B.P Atmodipurwo (1992)- The Dalam Sandstone deeper EOR potential in the Duri Field, Sumatera Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 91-112. Laing, J.E., B.P. Atmodipurow & A. Rauf (1995)- Structural evolution of the Pematang reservoirs, Kelabu Jingga Gas Fields, Sumatra. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Southeast Asian Basins: oil and gas for the 21st century, Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 37, p. 55-75.


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Lambrecht, K. (1931)- Protoplotus beauforti n.g. n.sp., ein Schlangenhalsvogel aus dem Tertiar von W. Sumatra. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Ned. Indie 17, p. 15-24. (Long-necked bird skeleton from ?Eocene fish-rich lacustrine clays in Ombilin basin, collected by Musper in 1927. Oldest known member of Anhingidae water-bird family. With common gastroliths (= stomach stones)) Lange, D., F. Tilmann, A Rietbrock, R. Collings, D.H. Natawidjaja, B.W. Suwargadi et al. (2010)-The fine structure of the subducted Investigator Fracture Zone in Western Sumatra as seen by local seismicity. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 298, p. 47-56. (Earthquake data from dense local seismic network along segment of Sumatran margin where Investigator Fracture Zone is subducted below Sunda plate. Well-defined linear streak of seismicity extending from 80- 200 km depth along prolongation of IFZ sub-ridges. More intermediate depth seismicity to SE related to subducted rough oceanic seafloor) Lange, E. (1925)- Eine mittelpermische Fauna von Guguk Bulat (Padanger Oberland, Sumatra). Verh. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 7, 3, p. 213-295. (‘A Middle Permian fauna from Guguk-Bulat, Padang Highlands, Sumatra’. Famous M Permian reefal limestone locality in Padang Highlands near Lake Singkarak, first decribed by Volz 1904 and interpreted as Carboniferous. Re-sampled by Tobler in 1909. Bivalves, cephalopods and trilobites are absent. Mainly description of foraminifera (incl. diverse fusulinids Verbeekina, Doliolina, Neoschwagerina), colonial corals (Lonsdaleia) and brachiopods. Part of the 'Cathaysian' West Sumatra block of Barber et al. (2005); HvG) Lashita, S., M. Radhakrishna & T.D. Sanu (2006)- Seismically active deformation in the Sumatra- Java trencharc region: geodynamic implications. Current Sci. 90, 5, p. 690-696. (Overview of crustal deformation rates for Sumatra-Java arc region) Lassal, O., P. Huchon & H. Harjono (1989)- Extension crustale dans le detroit de la Sonde (Indonesie). donnees de la sismique reflexion (Campagne Krakatau). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, 309, p. 205-212. ('Crustal extension in Sunda Straits, Indonesia, based on seismic reflection data (Krakatau campaign)') Laumonier, Y. (1997)- The vegetation and physiography of Sumatra. Geobotany 22, Kluwer, p. 1-227. (Modern overview of geomorphology and vegetation of Sumatra) Lawless J.V., P.J. White, I. Bogie & M.J. Andrews (1995)- Tectonic features of Sumatra and New Zealand in relation to active and fossil hydrothermal systems: a comparison. In: Proc. PACRIM' 95 Conf., Australian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, p 311-316. Lawver, L.A. & P.T. Taylor (1987)- Heat flow off Sumatra. In E.N. Shor & C.L. Ebrahimi (eds.) Marine geophysics: a Navy symposium, p. 67-76. Lay, T., H. Kanamori, C.J. Ammon, M. Nettles, S.N. Ward, R.C. Aster et al. (2005)- The Great SumatraAndaman earthquake of 26 December 2004. Science 308, p 1127-1133. Leach, P.E. & S.K. Kartono (1990)- Pematang Bow Field, Central Sumatra: a case study of 3-D seismic as an effective reservoir management tool. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., I, p. 209-224. Lee, R.A. (1982)- Petroleum geology of the Malacca Strait contract area (Central Sumatra Basin). Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 243-263. Leinz, V. (1933)- Petrographische Untersuchungen der Sedimente des Toba-Sees (Nord-Sumatra). Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Suppl. Band, 12, p. 635-669. ('Petrographic investigations of the sediments of Lake Toba, N Sumatra')


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Lelgemann, H., M. A. Gutscher, J. Bialas, E.R. Flueh, W. Weinrebe & C. Reichert (2000)- Transtensional basins in the western Sunda Strait. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, p. 3545-3548. (On crustal structure and evolution of Sunda Strait, based on 1999 seismic survey. Transtensional character of the area shown by faulted blocks of arc basement and active normal faults on both sides of large graben at W entrance to Sunda Strait. Over 6 km of graben fill sediment, associated with substantial crustal thinning. S part of region 50 km from trench and Moho of downgoing plate is at depth of 28 km) LEMIGAS and British Geological Survey (1993)- The North Sumatra Basin- Hydrocarbon potential of the PERTAMINA UEP-I area. 2 vols. (Marine geophysical survey 1999 shows Sunda Strait transtensional graben, with faulted arc basement blocks at both sides and >6 km of graben-fill sediment) Leo, G.W., C.E. Hedge & R.F. Marvin (1980)- Geochemistry, strontium isotope data, and potassium-argon ages of the andesite-rhyolite association in the Padang area, West Sumatra. J. Volc. Geoth. Res. 7, p. 139-156. (Quaternary volcanoes in Padang area, W coast Sumatra. Andesite compositions 55-61% SiO2. K-Ar wholerock age determinations range from 0.27 - 0.83 Ma) LeRoy, L.W. (1939)- Some small foraminifera, ostracoda and otoliths from the Neogene ("Miocene") of the Rokan-Tapanoeli area, Central Sumatra. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl.- Indie 99, 6, p. 215-296. (Descriptions of 95 species of Miocene small benthic foraminifera and six species of ostracoda from Telisa and Palembang formations along E front of Barisan mountains) LeRoy, L.W. (1944)- Miocene foraminifera from Sumatra and Java, Netherlands East Indies. 1. Miocene foraminifera of Central Sumatra, NEI. Quart. Colorado School Mines 39, 3, p. 1-69. (Descriptions of 183 species of Miocene small benthic foraminifera from Telisa and L-M Palembang formations along E front of Barisan mountains. Little or no stratigraphic or locations information) LeRoy, L.W. (1952)- Orbulina universa d’Orbigny in Central Sumatra. J. Paleont. 26, 4, p. 576- 584. (Lowest occurrence of planktonic foram Orbulina good base of Middle Miocene marker horizon. Some info on Kasikan section, Barisan mountain front) Lin J.Y., X. Le Pichon, C. Rangin, J.C.Sibuet & T. Maury (2009)- Spatial aftershock distribution of the 26th December 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake in the northern Sumatra area. Geochem. Geoph. Geosyst. 10, Q05006, p. Lin, Y.N., K. Sieh & J. Stock (2010)- Submarine landslides along the Malacca Strait- Mergui Basin shelf margin: insights from sequence-stratigraphic analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 115, B12102, p. 1-13. (Seismic profiles over Pleistocene shelf margin of Malacca Strait-Mergui Basin NE of N Sumatra show three sediment packages interpreted as submarine landslides, aged 20-30 ka, 342-364 ka and 435-480 ka. Events occurred near times of sea-level lowstands, implying that high sediment influx during glacial periods is essential for basin-margin submarine landsliding) Ling, H.Y. & M.A. Samuel (1998)- Siliceous microfossils from Nias Island: their significance for the Tertiary paleoceanography of the northeast Indian Ocean. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16, 4, p. 407-417. (M Eocene radiolarians in red chert from SW Nias constrains oldest age of emplacement of ophiolitic basement) Liro, L.M., W.C. Dawson & Yarmanto (1977)- Alluvial fan/ fan delta sequence stratigraphy in a structurally segmented rift basin: Sidingin Field, North Aman Trough, Central Sumatra Basin , Indonesia. In: K.W. Shanley & B.F. Perkins (eds.) Shallow marine and non-marine reservoirs, Gulf Coast Sect. SEPM, 18th Ann. Res. Conf., Houston 1997, p. 171-181. (Sidingin Field 1989 discovery at N end Aman Trough, C Sumatra. Reservoir rocks fluvial sands, interpreted to be part of alluvial fan- fan delta complex)


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Lismawaty, K. Simanjuntak & A. Bachtiar (2010)- Studi provenance batupasir Formasi Sihapas daerah Gunung Tua- Sumatera Utara. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-083, 15p. ('Provenance study of Sihapas Fm sandstone, Gunung Tua area, North Sumatra') Liu, C.S., G.G. Shor & J.R. Curray (1991)- Velocity structure and nature of the forearc basin off West Sumatra from expanding spread experiments. Acta Oceanogr. Taiwanica 27, p. 21-39. Lohr, R. (1922) Beitrage zur Petrographie von Sud- Sumatra (West Palembang). Unpublished Dissertation Munster University, 65 p. ('Contribution to the petrography of S Sumatra (W Palembang)'. Descriptions of rocks collected by H.M.E. Schurmann) Longley, I.M., R. Barraclough, M.A. Bridden & S. Brown (1990)- Pematang lacustrine petroleum source rocks from the Malacca Strait PSC, Central Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 279299. (Wells on margins of Bengkalis Trough encountered Eocene-Oligocene Pematang Group lacustrine mudstones ('Brown Shale') in shallow, immature sub-basin. Oil-source correlation suggests similar lacustrine sediments in Bengkalis Trough main source of oil in area. Relative 'deep' and 'shallow' lake and marginal lake sediments encountered, with characteristic palyno- and organo- facies. Anomalous low velocity and density of Brown Shale causes distinct seismic response, used to map extent of source) Longman, M.W., R.J. Maxwell, A.D.M. Mason & L.R. Beddoes (1987)- Characteristics of a Miocene intrabank channel in Batu Raja Limestone, Ramba field, South Sumatra, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 71, p. 1261-1273. (Ramba Field produces from Lower Miocene reefal limestone buildup. Channel facies between buildups rel. tight and may act as lateral seal) Longman, M.W., C.T. Siemers & T. Siwindono (1992)- Characteristics of low-relief carbonate mudbank reservoir rocks, Baturaja Formation (Lower Miocene), Air Serdang and Mandala Fields, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. In: Carbonate rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia, a core workshop, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 9.1 -9.11. (Air Serdang and Mandala fields reservoirs skeletal packstones in Lower Miocene Baturaja Fm at ~1500m. Reservoir rocks common fragments of branching corals with molluscs, and benthonic foraminifers in micritic and locally quite porous matrix, deposited in carbonate mudbanks draped over basement paleohigh during E Miocene marine transgression. Low-relief channels separate carbonate mudbanks) Lutz, R., K. Berglar, C. Gaedicke & D. Franke (2007)- Petroleum systems modelling in the Simeulue forearc basin off Sumatra. AAPG Hedberg Conference, The Hague, p. (Abstract only) (Simeulue forearc basin off N Sumatra explored by Union Oil from 1968-1978. Three wells encountered gas in carbonate reservoirs but none commercial. New 2D seismic by BGR (2006) shows 25 carbonate buildups, most in >1000 m water depth, showing backstepping geometry. Source rocks in area are not confirmed by drilling) Lutz, R., C. Gaedicke, K. Berglar, D. Franke, S. Schloemer & Y.S. Djajadihardja (2009)- Petroleum Systems of the Simeulue Fore-arc Basin off Sumatra, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2009, Expanded Abstract, 7 p. (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2010/10230lutz/ndx_lutz.pdf) (Short version of paper below) Lutz, R., C. Gaedicke, K. Berglar, S. Schloemer, D. Franke, & Y.S. Djajadihardja (2009)- Petroleum systems of the Simeulue fore-arc basin, offshore Sumatra, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 95, 9, p. 1589-1616. (Fore-arc basins generally not considered as important petroleum provinces because of low heat flow. Simeulue fore-arc basin off N Sumatra bright spots on seismic above potential carbonate platform reservoirs, with AVO/AVA analyses indicating presence of gas. Petroleum system modeling of assumed source rocks in Eocene and E-M Miocene reveals hydrocarbon generation is possible in main depocenters of C and S Simeulue Basin and may be more prolific than previously thought)


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MacGregor, D.S. & A.S. MacKenzie (1986)- Quantification of oil generation and migration in the Malacca Strait region Central Sumatra. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 303-320. Machali Muchsin, A., C.C. Johnson, M.J. Crow, A. Djumsari & Sumartono (1997)- Geochemical atlas of Southern Sumatra. Regional geochemical atlas series of Indonesia 2, Direct. Miner. Res., Bandung, 63 p. (Distributions of 15 metals/ elements in 13,187 stream sediments from Sumatra S of the Equator) Madon, M. B. & M.B.Ahmad, (1999)- Basins in the Straits of Melaka. In: The Petroleum Geology and Resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 235-250. Maliki, M.A. & S. Soenarwi (1991)- South Lho Sukon-D1 discovery, North Sumatra. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 235-254. Malod, J. & B.M. Kemal (1996)- The Sumatra margin: oblique subduction and lateral displacement of the accretionary prism. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of SE Asia. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 19-28. (Oblique convergence in Sumatra forearc partitioned into trench- perpendicular convergence and strike-slip parallel to trench. Strike-slip along two major faults, Sumatra and Mentawai FZ. Mentawai fault attenuated at N end, terminates in accretionary prism. It is relayed and connected to Sumatra fault. Pattern can be explained with two sliver plates, Mentawai and Aceh, on top of which forearc basin developed. Accretionary prism moving NW along Mentawai fault. No extension within Mentawai plate, suggesting uniform motion along Sumatra fault S of 3°N. Strike-slip along Mentawai fault explained by better coupling between subducting slab and upper plate beneath accretionary prism compared to forearc) Malod, J.A., B. M. Kemal, M.O. Beslier, C. Deplus, M. Diament et al. (1993)- Deformations du bassin d’avantarc au Nord-Ouest de Sumatra: une reponse a la subduction oblique. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 316, p. 791-797. (‘Deformation of the fore-arc basin NW of Sumatra; a response to oblique subduction’. NW Sumatra example of oblique convergence, expressed by two major strike-slip fault zones: Sumatra and Mentawai faults. Mentawai fault zone continues N-ward, and fore-arc basin segmented by strike-slip or compressional features) Manaf, N.A. & N. Mujahidin (1993)- Evaluasi migrasi hidrokarbon di sub cekungan Jambi berdasar pemelajaran biomarker dan sejarah tektoniknya. Proc 22nd Ann Conv Indon Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, p. 736-746. (Evaluation of hydrocarbon migration in Jambi sub-basin, C Sumatra, using biomarkers) Mandre, D. (2000)- Coal geology of the Bengkulu Block. In: Proc. Southeast Coal Geology Conference, Directorate General of Geology and Mineral Res. Indonesia, Bandung, p. Mangold, K.M., Erlina & E.B. Hamzah (1992)- Critical aspects of 3-D seismic surveys for field development in Central Sumatra. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.,1, p. 257-286. Mangunkusumo, R.I. (1982)- Infill drilling in old fields. In: SPE Offshore South East Asia Conf, Singapore 1982, 16p. (On infill drilling program by Stanvac in Raja and Abab old oil fields, onshore S Sumatra, to identify and recover remaining oil not drained by existing wells. Original development on 80-acre spacing did not define all hydrocarbon bearing zones nor establish all drainage points in complex Talang Akar sandstone reservoirs) Mannhardt, F.G. (1921)- Verslag over de resultaten van geologisch- mijnbouwkundig onderzoek der Tandjoeng kolenvelden (Res. Palembang). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 47 (1918), Verh. 2, p. 67-107. (Investigation of S Sumatra Tanjung coal fields (including Bukit Asam), 13 km S of Muara Enim. Coal beds in 700-800m thick Middle Palembang Fm. Coal grade locally improved by andesite intrusives) Manuyama, J.M.B., Nazirman & Haryoto (2004)- Characterization of reservoir carbonate and hydrocarbon potential Baturaja Formation on Nova structure, South Sumatra. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 172-180.


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(Nova field in Baturaja Limestone in SW part S Sumatra basin discovered in 1998. 31 wells drilled, but 8 wells unsuccessful and 3 wells with poor flow, all due to poor reservoir quality. High porosity values in reefal buildup, rel. low value in platform facies) Marpaung, L.P., B.J. Katz & M.H. Amlan (2010)- Brown shale characterization in Kiri Trough, Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-058, 12 p. (C Sumatra basin prolific hydrocarbons, with most oil sourced from Oligocene lacustrine shales-coal of Brown Shale Fm. Brown Shale in Kiri Trough TOC 0.7-13% for shales, mainly type III kerogen from higher plant material (pristane/phytane ratio >3). Kiri Trough Brown Shale deposited in more paludal setting than lacustrine Brown Shale of other troughs in C Sumatra. This facies of Brown Shale typically generates gas) Marpaung, L.P., K.A. Maryunani, I.N. Suta & C. Irawan (2007)- Quantitative biostratigraphy of Jabung Block, South Sumatra Basin: a probablilistic approach for biozonation and correlation. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 317-331. (Probabilistic analysis of Oligocene- lower Middle Miocene in 10 S Sumatra wells enabled higher precision of correlation and biozonation. An eight-biozone scheme is proposed) Marpaung, L.P., D.H. Mulyono, A.H. Satyana, & E.A. Subroto (2005)- Oil family characterization of Jabung area, Jambi sub-basin. Proc. Joint 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 30th Indon. Assoc. Geoph. (HAGI), Surabaya, JCS2005-G087, p. 164-172. (Oils of Jabung area mainly sourced from higher terrestrial-land plants. Shales and coals of Talang Akar are main source rocks of oils) Marpaung, L.P., I.N. Suta & A.H. Satyana (2006)- Gumai shales of Jabung area: potential source rocks in Jambi sub-basin and their contributions to the new petroleum system. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI2006-013, 12p. (E-M Miocene marine Gumai shales in Jambi Basin, C Sumatra, generally low TOC, dominated by Type II and III kerogen and thermally immature to early mature. However, some oils in Jabung area show close correlation to Gumai shales, showing that shales generated oils) Marpaung, L.P., I.N. Suta, A.H. Satyana & J.A. Paju (2008)- Gas geochemistry of Betara Complex, Jabung Area, South Sumatra Basin: genetic characterization and habitat of natural gases. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 569-580. (Jabung area in Jambi sub-basin, N part of S Sumatra Basin, with oil and gas production since 1997 after 1995 discoveries of N Geragai and Makmur Fields, 1997 NE Betara and subsequent discoveries. Gas geochemistry shows wet thermogenic gases. Locally high CO2 gas in Lower Talang Akar Fm from thermal destruction of carbonate. Sources and reservoirs of gas encompass almost whole of Oligocene to Miocene sediments) Martadinata, A.H. (1999)- Gas potential of the Musi Platform, South Sumatra. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 145-151 (First field on Musi Platform in 1939 (BPM Kikim-1) discovered gas in Baturaja limestone, the main producing reservoir on platform. Over next 60 years, 20 additional wells discovered hydrocarbons: only two were oil; remainder found gas. Five types of carbonate build-up in Baturaja Fm. Exspan 1997 Soka-1 on flank of Bungur basement high substantial gas in Baturaja reefal limestone) Martadinata, A.H. & J.H. Wright (1984)- Development of Ibul stratigraphic play, South Sumatra Basin, by integration of geologic and seismic data. Proc. 13th Ann.. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 51-62. Martin, K. (1928)- Mollusken aus dem Neogen von Atjeh in Sumatra. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl-Indie 10, p. 1-36. (Descriptions of Neogene mollusks from Aceh, N Sumatra, collected by 'Dienst Mijnwezen'. Indo-Pacific fauna) Martin, K. |(1928)- Concerning the Tertiary of Atcheen. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 31, 3, p. 300. (online at http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015579.pdf)


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(One-page communication summarizing work on molluscs from ~3000m thick Pliocene deposits of N Aceh. Department of Mines collected >6000 molluscs, belonging to 347 different species. Typical Indo-Pacific fauna) Martin, K. (1929)- Ein neues Argonautiden Geschlecht von Sumatra. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 3, p. 221-226. ('A new Argonaut genus from Sumatra'. New octopod nautiloid shell, described as Kapal batavus, from clay nodule in M-L Miocene Lower Palembang Beds of Pangadang, 25 km W of Sekayu, S Sumatra) Ma'ruf, M.F., A. Arsyad, G. Crouzet, S. Handoko & F. Langitan (1996)- Improved reservoir geology model using seismic 3D and Well Data, a case study, Rantau Field, Indonesia. In: SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference, Adelaide 1996, 12p. (Reservoir geology model for part of Rantau oil field, N Sumatra. Discovered by BPM in 1929, 550 oil wells and recoverable reserves ~300 MMBO, most if which has been produced) Maryanto, S. (2001)- Stratigrafi cekungan Tersier Bengkulu: kaitannya dengan keterdapatan batubara. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 26, p. 53-71. (‘Stratigraphy of the Bengkulu Basin and links with coal’. Late Miocene- Pliocene Simpangaur Fm important coal formation. Coalification due to Pliocene (~3.5 Ma) dacite intrusions. Coal seams 30 cm- 7m thick) Maryanto, S. (2002)- Stratigrafi formasi pembawa batubara Paleogen di Linggapura, Padangratu, Lampung. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 126, p. . ('Stratigraphy of the Paleogene lower coal formation in Linggapura, Lampung', S Sumatra') Maryanto, S. (2005)- Sedimentology batuan karbonat Tersier, Formasi Baturaja, di lintasan Air Napalan, Baturaja, Sumatra Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 1, p. 83-101. ('Sedimentology of Tertiary Baturaja Fm carbonate at the Air Napalan section, S Sumatra') Maryanto, S. (2007)- Petrografi dan proses diagenesis batugamping Baturaja di lintasan Air Saka, OKU Selatan, Sumatra Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 17, 1, p. ('Petrograpy and diagenetic processes of the Baturaja Fm limestone at the Air Saka section, S Sumatra') Maryanto, S. (2008)- Hubungan antarkomponen mikrofasies lereng Terumbu dan cekungan lokal terumbu belakang batugamping bioklastika Formasi Baturaja di daerah sekitar Muaradua, Sumatera Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 18, 2, p. 107-120. (Microfacies of bioclastic Baturaja Limestone in Muaradua area, S Sumatra) Masturyono, R. McCaffrey, D.A. Wark, S.W. Roecker, Fauzi, G. Ibrahim & Sukhyar (2001)- Distribution of magma beneath Toba Caldera, North Sumatra, Indonesia, constrained by 3-dimensional P-wave velocities, seismicity, and gravity data. Geochem., Geoph. & Geosyst. 2, 24 p. Matasak, T. & R. Kendarsi (1980)- Geologi endapan batubara di Bukit Asam, Sumatra Selatan. Bul. Dep. Geologi Inst. Tekn. Bandung 1, p. 11-33. (‘Geology of Bukit Asam coal deposits, S Sumatra') Matchette-Downes, C.J., A.E. Fallick, Karmajaya & S. Rowland (1994)- A maturity and paleoenvironmental assessment of condensates and oils from the North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. In: A.C. Scott & A.J. Fleet (eds.) Coal and coal-bearing strata as oil-prone source rocks?, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 77, p. 139-148. (Five light oils-condensates from wells in N Sumatra Basin. Source facies dominantly lacustrine with subordinate ombrogenous raised peat bog palaeoenvironments. Oils and condensates mature to extremely mature. Some oils mixtures of different maturities and discrete terrestrial sources) Matson, R.G. & G.F. Moore (1992)- Structural influences on Neogene subsidence in the Central Sumatra forearc basin. In: J.S. Watkins et al. (eds.) Geology and geophysics of continental margins. AAPG Mem. 53, p. 157181.


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(C Sumatra fore-arc Singkel and Pini subbasins eleven Neogene sequences. In Miocene- E Pliocene, two subbasins subsided independently. Initial subsidence of Singkel Basin from lateral translation of structural block between Batee and Singkel faults. Regional basin subsidence from deflection of descending oceanic plate, created when material was added to and/or redistributed in accretionary wedge. Structural influences on forearc basin subsidence: (1) location of continental margin; (2) presence of strike-slip faults traversing fore arc; and (3) local and regional deformation within accretionary wedge) Maulana, E., A. Sudarsana & S. Situmeang (1999)- Characterization of a fluvial oil reservoir in the Lemat Sandstone (Oligocene), Puyuh Field, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 83104. (Puyuh Field produces oil from thick Lemat Sst in four-way dip closure. Basal Lemat deposits reddish brown shale unconformably over pre-Tertiary metasediment and volcanics. Reservoir sands thin updip and shale out before reaching Bertak and Kubu. Nested fluvial channels in N-S trending depocenter on W flank of field.. Updip pinchout of deeper sand forms separate stratigraphic trap. High net-to-gross (50-80%) and excellent reservoir quality (av. perm. 300 md, 19% porosity). Sands mainly quartz with some lithics and feldspar. Clay content 8-15%. Oil lacustrine origin, 28° API gravity and requires blending with lighter oil for transportation) Mazumder, S., I.B. Sosrowidjojo & A. Ficarra (2010)- The Late Miocene Coalbed Methane system in the South Sumatra Basin of Indonesia. In: SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf., Brisbane 2010, 29 p. (Review of S Sumatra coalbed methane (CBM) potential. Basin ranked high, but well testing still in earliest stages. Late Miocene Muara Enim Fm >3500 ft of paralic clastics, with 10-15 thick coal seams. Coals thickest and most numerous in SW half of basin (Lematang Depression, C Palembang sub-basin). Coals eroded over anticlines. Coals sub-bituminous rank) McArthur, A.C. & R.G. Helm (1982)- Miocene carbonate buildups, offshore North Sumatra. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 127-146. (Seismic mapping revealed >70 E-M Miocene Belumai Fm carbonate buildups in Mobil North Sumatra offshore area (NSO). Four oil and four gas discoveries from 12 wildcats. First gas discovery NSB-A1 in 1972. Most buildups are pinnacle-like reefs, with up to 1,100 feet of relief and 3,000 acres of areal closure, located on basement highs. Gas up to 1.5% H2S and 31% C02. High gravity, low pour point oil in NSB-L1 well) McCaffrey, R. (1991)- Slip-vectors and stretching of the Sumatra fore arc. Geology 19, p. 881-884. (Thrust earthquakes at Java trench SW of Sumatra suggest Sumatra fore arc translated to NW by oblique plate convergence. NW motion of forearc rel. to SE Asia increases from zero at Sunda Strait to 45-60 mm/yr in NW Sumatra) McCaffrey, R. (1996)- Estimates of modern arc-parallel strain rates in fore arcs. Geology 24, 1, p. 27-30. McCaffrey, R. (1996)- Slip partitioning at convergent plate boundaries of SE Asia. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 106, p. 3-18. McCaffrey, R. (2009)- The tectonic framework of the Sumatran subduction zone. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 37, p. 345-366. (Well-illustrated overview of Sumatra subduction zone and earthquakes) McCaffrey, R., P.C. Zwick, Y. Bock, L. Prawirodirdjo, J.F. Genrich, C.W. Stevens, S.S.O. Puntodewo & C. Surabaya (2000)- Strain partitioning during oblique plate convergence in northern Sumatra: geodetic and seismologic constraints and numerical modeling. J. Geophys. Res. 105, B12, p. 28,363-28,376. (GPS measurements along subduction zone of N Sumatra (2°S to 3°N) reveal oblique convergence strain partitioned between trench-normal contraction in forearc and trench-parallel shear strain in few tens of km of Sumatran fault. Volcanic arc can help partitioning by localizing margin-parallel shear strain in upper plate if weaker than its surroundings. Highest coupling on plate boundary beneath and seaward of forearc islands, consistent with rupture zones large earthquakes there)


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McCarthy, A.J. (1997)- The evolution of the transcurrent Sumatran fault system, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University London, 387 p. McCarthy, A.J. & C.F. Elders (1997)- Cenozoic deformation in Sumatra: oblique subduction and the development of the Sumatran fault system. In: A.J. Fraser & S.J. Matthews (eds.) Petroleum Geology of SE Asia. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 355-363. (Sumatra pre-Tertiary history of accretion was followed byPalaeogene basin formation. Strong mid-Miocene inversion event recorded in onshore part of forearc basin in S Sumatra, same time as inception of seafloor spreading in Andaman Sea and probable inception of major strike-slip movement along the SFS, possibly following clockwise rotation of Sumatra towards it present NW-SE trend. SFS complex deformation history including polyphase reactivation of fault surfaces and contemporaneous strike-slip and orthogonal compression or extension. New estimate of ~150 km offset of Mesozoic units across SFS in C Sumatra proposed. Several basins formed along SFS in Quaternary) McCarthy, A.J., B. Jasin & N.S. Haile (2001)- Middle Jurassic radiolarian chert, Indarung, Padang District, and its implications for the tectonic evolution of western Sumatra, Indonesia. J Asian Earth Sci. 19, 1-2, p. 31-44. (Radiolaria chert in Indarung Area, E of Padang, Aalenian (lower M Jurassic) age. Carbonate in area dated as U Jurassic- E Cretaceous based occurrence of Lovcenipora (more likely Late Triassic?; HvG), and overlying tuff K/Ar age of ~105 Ma/ Albian, but suspect. Chert probably faulted into younger limestone during ENEdirected compression. This is one of best dated occurrences of allochthonous material in Sumatra and confirms accretion of oceanic material along Sunda margin in M- Late Cretaceous) McCloskey, J., D. Lange, F. Tilmann, S.S. Nalbant, A.F. Bell, D.H. Natawidjaja & A. Rietbrock (2010)- The September 2009 Padang earthquake. Nature Geoscience, doi:10.1038/ngeo753, p. McCourt, W.J. & E.J. Cobbing (1993)- The geochemistry, geochronology and tectonic setting of granitoid rocks from southern Sumatra, western Indonesia. S. Sumatra Geol. Mineral Exploration Project Report Ser. 9, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. McCourt, W.J., M.J. Crow, E.J. Cobbing & T.C. Amin (1996)- Mesozoic and Cenozoic plutonic evolution of SE Asia: evidence from Sumatra, Indonesia. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 106, p. 321-335. (Barisan Mts of S Sumatra four periods of plutonic activity: Miocene-Pliocene (20-5 Ma), E Eocene (60-50 Ma), Mid-Late Cretaceous (117-80 Ma) and Jurassic-E Cretaceous (203-130 Ma). Also plutonic activity in Permian (287-256 Ma) and suggestions of magmatism in Late Triassic- E Jurassic (220-190 Ma) and M Jurassic-E Cretaceous (170-130 Ma). Ages from E Sumatra indicate Triassic- E Jurassic (240-195 Ma) tin-belt magmatism of Peninsular Malaysia Main Range extends into area. Plutonic suites in NW-SE trending belts. Breaks in plutonic activity correspond to changes in approach angle and/or rate of subduction, and in some instances relate to periods of collision and accretion of allochthonous material. At least two such events: early M Cretaceous collision and accretion of oceanic Woyla terranes, and latest Cretaceous possible collision of continental sliver/block, the W Sumatra terrane to Sundaland margin) Meckel, L., M. Gidding, M. Banukarso, D. Sim, A. Setoputri, A. Abimanyu, M. Sompie, N. Citajaya & M. Gunarto (2012)- Hydrocarbon systems of the offshore North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA12-G-012, p. 1-11. (Offshore North Sumatra Basin considered under-explored, with 130 offshore exploration wells drilled through 2011. At least 5 plays, syn-rift Oligocene clastics (Parapat Fmn), Oligocene-Miocene carbonate build-ups (Tampur and Peutu Fms), and Miocene-Pliocene turbidites (Bampo, Baong, Keutapang, and Seurula Fms)) Mertani, B. et al. (1996)- Petroleum geology of the Central Sumatra basins. In: Pertamina BPPKA Petroleum geology of Indonesia, II, p. 157-192. Mertosono, S. (1975)- Geology of Pungut and Tandun oil fields, Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 156-179.


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Mertosono, S. & G.A.S. Nayoan (1974)- The Tertiary basinal area of Central Sumatra. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 63-76. Metcalfe, I. (1983)- Conodont faunas, age and correlation of the Alas Formation (Carboniferous), Sumatra. Geol. Mag. 120, 6, p. 737-746. (Alas Fm shelfal limestones reinterpreted to be of Late Visean (E Carboniferous) age rather than Permian, making it oldest dated formation on Sumatra) Metcalfe, I. (1986)- Conodont biostratigraphic studies in Sumatra: preliminary results. In: In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 243247. (Samples from Sumatra Late Paleozoic- Triassic limestones analyzed for conodonts. Lower Carboniferous (Visean) in Alas Fm near Bukittinggi. M and U Triassic conodonts from several other localities, some of which (e.g. Sungei Kalue Lst) were previously considered to be Permo-Carboniferous) Metcalfe, I. (1989)- Triassic conodonts of Sumatra. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. 19, Bangkok, p. 191-194. (Six limestone localities in N Sumatra Lake Toba area with Late Triassic (Carnian) conodonts) Metcalfe, I. (1989)- Carboniferous conodonts. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Publ. 19, Bangkok, p. 45-46. (Two limestone localities with E Carboniferous conodonts: Alas Fm in Alas Valley (N Sumatra; Late Visean, Metcalfe 1983) and Agam River (C Sumatra near Bukittingi; M-L Visean) Metcalfe, I., T. Koike, M.B. Rafek & N.S. Haile (1979)- Triassic conodonts from Sumatra. Paleontology 22, 3, p. 737-746. (Late Carnian conodonts from limestones 3 km N of Prapat, Lake Toba, overlying Halobia- Daonella shale. Also probably Late Triassic conodonts from limestones from C Sumatra Padang Highlands Sawahlunto area) Meyer, O.E. (1922)- Brachiopoden des Perm und Untercarbon der Residentschaft Djambi (Sumatra). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 5, 5, p. 203-221. ('Brachiopods form the Permian and Late Carboniferous from the Jambi Residency'. 15 species of brachiopods, collected by Tobler from 6 localities in Jambi area, incl. Dalmanella, Chonetes, Productus, Spirigera, etc.. Most species described also known from Timor. Little or no locality or stratigraphic information) Michel, G.W., M. Becker, C. Reigber et al. (2001)- Regional GPS data confirm high strain accumulation prior to the 2000 June 4 Mw=7.8 earthquake at southeast Sumatra. Geophys. J. Int. 146, p. 571-582. Miftah, A. & D. Hernadi (1993)- Tinjauan geologi pada perencanaan EOR dalam upaya meningkatkan perolehan minyak sekunder di struktur Kuala Simpang Barat, Lapangan Rantu. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, p. 781-792. (On secondary oil recovery in Rantu field) Mijnwezen personnel (1918)- Verslag over het onderzoek der Tertiaire petroleumterreinen in de onderafdeelingen Bireuen, Lho Seumawe en in een gedeelte van Lho Soekon, ter Noordkust van Atjeh (Terrein 'Atjeh I'). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 46 (1917), Verhand. I, p. 208-275. (Description of petroleum areas of Bireuen, Llho Seumawe, etc., N coast Aceh, N Sumatra. Overview of stratigraphy, descriptions and maps of 19 anticlinal structures, oil seeps, etc.) Milsom J. (1993)- Interpretations of gravity data from the vicinity of Nias. Southeast Asia Res. Group, London University, Report 119, 57 p.


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Milsom J. (2005)- Seismology and neotectonics. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatrageology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 7-15. Milsom, J., S.B.S. Dipowirjo & J. Sipahutar (1990)- Gravity surveys in the North Sumatra forearc. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 21, p. 85-96. (Land gravity surveys on N Sumatra forearc Nias, Simeulue, Banyak and Butu islands. Regions of high fields and strong gradients associated with presence of mafic and ultramafic rocks) Milsom, J., S.B.S. Dipowirjo, B. Sain & J. Sipahutar (1990)- Gravity surveys in the North Sumatra forearc. Lemigas Scientific Contr. Petrol. Sci. Techn., Spec. Issue, p. 112-122. (same paper as above) Milsom, J., B. Sain & J. Sipahutar (1995)- Basin Formation in the Nias area of the Sumatra forearc, western Indonesia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, Southeast Asian basins: oil and gas for the 21st century. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 37, p. 285-299. Milsom J. & A. Walker (2005)- The gravity field. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatrageology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem 31, p. 16-23. Mitchel, R.G., B. Subiyanto & I. Arif (2006)- High-density 3D seismic for better reservoir development in CSB, Sumatra. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI2006-047, p. (N.A.?) Moerman, C. (1916)- Verslag van een geologisch-mijnbouwkundigen verkenningstocht in een gedeelte der residentien Benkoelen en Palembang (Zuid-Sumatra). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 44 (1915), Verh. 1, p. 33-198. ('Report of a geological-mining reconnaissance survey in parts of the residencies of Bengkulu and Palembang (S Sumatra)'. Traveled 6450 km in 576 field days in 1909-1911. With 4 maps at 1:200,000 scale. Reports granites, Jurassic phyllites and diabase tuffs, Eocene sst-shales, Miocene marls, Quaternary volcanics, etc.) Moore, D. E. (1997)- Mineralogical and microstructural investigations of core samples from the vicinity of the Great Sumatran Fault, Indonesia. USGS Open-File Report 97-694, p. 1-112. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0694/report.pdf) (Summary of petrographic investigations of core samples from geothermal wells drilled by Unocal near Great Sumatran fault zone.) Moore, D.E., S. Hickman, D.A. Lockner & P.F. Dobson (2001)- Hydrothermal minerals and microstructures in the Silangkitang geothermal field along the Great Sumatran fault zone, Sumatra, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 113, 9, p. 1179-1192. Moore, G.F. (1978)- Structural geology and sedimentology of Nias Island. Indonesia: a study of subduction zone tectonics and sedimentation. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Cornell University, 142p. Moore, G.F. (1979)- Petrography of subduction zone sandstones from Nias Island, Indonesia. J. Sed. Petrol. 49, p. 71-84. (Rocks on Nias two tectonostratigraphic units: (1) deformed late Oligocene-E Miocene trench deposits (tectonic melange) and (2) Miocene-Pliocene trench slope deposits. Sandstone rich in quartz and lithic fragments. Quartzose nature of Nias sediments indicates provenance from Sumatra W coast exposures of E Tertiary quartz-rich sediments and Paleozoic/Mesozoic metamorphic and plutonic rocks. Much lower contents of volcanic lithic grains than most arc-derived sandstones may be due to nonvolcanic source terrane on W coast) Moore, G.F., H.G. Billman, P.E. Hehanussa & D.E. Karig (1980)- Sedimentology and paleobathymetry of Neogene trench-slope deposits, Nias Island, Indonesia. J. Geol. 88, p. 161-180.


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Moore, G.F. & J.R. Curray (1980)- Structure of the Sunda Trench lower slope off Sumatra from multichannel seismic reflection data. J. Marine Geoph. Res. 4, p. 319-340. Moore, G.F., J.R. Curray & F.J. Emmel (1982)- Sedimentation in the Sunda trench and forearc region. In: J.K. Leggett (ed.) Trench-forearc geology, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 10, p. 245-258. (Much of Sumatra fore-arc trench sediment as far as W Sunda Straits is of Himalayan origin) Moore, G.F., J.R. Curray, D.G. Moore & D.E. Karig (1980)- Variations in geologic structure along the Sunda fore arc, Northeastern Indian Ocean. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands- I. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 23, p. 145-160. (On Sunda fore arc from Birma to Sumba. Differences in styles due to oblique versus perpendicular subduction and thickness of sediments entering trench, mainly from Bengal Fan. Sumatran Fault System apparently connected to spreading centers in Andaman Sea. Part of Sumatra SW of Sumatra Fault zone moves NW with 'Burma Plate') Moore, G.F. & D.E. Karig (1976)- Development of sedimentary basins on the lower trench slope. Geology 4, p. 693-697. Moore, G.F. & D.E. Karig (1980)- Structural geology of Nias Island, Indonesia: implications for subduction zone tectonics. Amer. J. Sci. 280, p. 193-223. (Nias Island exposes mid-Tertiary subduction complex. Lowest complex (Oyo) strongly sheared mélanges, overlain by deformed Neogene (Nias beds)) Morton, A.C., B. Humphreys, D.A. Dharmayanti & Sundoro (1994)- Palaeogeographic implications of the heavy mineral distribution in Miocene sandstones of the North Sumatra Basin. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 10, 3-4, p. 177-190. (Heavy minerals record changes in provenance in N Sumatra Basin. E Miocene Belumai Mb (Peutu Fm) sandstones derived from granitic terrain in E or SE. Uplift of Barisan Mts in early M Miocene led to introduction of sand from W or SW (Keutapang Fm), from metamorphosed pelitic rocks intruded by granites. Contemporaneous intermediate- acidic volcanic rocks also involved. Chrome spinel abundant in Lower Keutapang but rare in Upper Keutapang Mb, indicating ultramafic rocks important component of Barisan Mountain source in M Miocene, but insignificant by Late Miocene) Mosher, D.C., J.A. Austin, D. Fisher & S.P.S. Gulick (2008)- Deformation of the northern Sumatra accretionary prism from high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and ROV observations. Marine Geol. 252, p. 89-99. (Multibeam bathymetry over 2004 earthquake site suggests 2004 tsunami not triggered by single zone of offset, but series of small faults across broad frontal accretionary wedge) Moss, S.J. & A. Carter (1996)- Thermal histories of Tertiary sediments in western Central Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 14, 5, p. 351-371. (AFT and OM data suggest Tertiary sediments exposed in Ombilin Basin have low-medium thermal maturities (Ro-average 0.39–0.50%). This suggests outcrops studied were not part of main Paleogene-Neogene graben system that was subsequently inverted, but likely represent marginal, rift shoulder sedimentation) Moss, S.J. & C.G. Howells (1996) An anomalously large liquefaction structure, Oligocene, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra, Indonesia. J Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 14, 1-2, p. 71-78. Moulds, P.J. (1989)- Development of the Bengkalis Depression, Central Sumatra and its subsequent deformation- a model for other Sumatra grabens? Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 217-245. (Bengkalis Depression N-S Paleogene graben complex: chain of interconnected lozenge-shaped depressions with several side grabens. It formed by extension, with complexities related to basement inhomogeneities. Neogene-Recent compression caused uplift, erosion and destruction of graben and its fill, progressively from S. Compression and tectonic overprinting of earlier extension produced major basement block uplift, normal fault


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rejuvenation and strike-slip faulting. Interplay of lines of basement weakness with structural grain and compression have produced variety of features: en echelon folds, chains of anticlines and Sunda Folds) Mount, V. & J. Suppe (1992)- Present-day stress orientations adjacent to active strike-slip faults: California and Sumatra. J. Geophys. Res. 97, B8, p. 11,995-12,013. (Present-day stress directions from well bore breakouts near crustal-scale strike-slip faults (San Andreas in California and Great Sumatran fault in Sumatra) indicate maximum horizontal stress direction (SH) at high angle (70°-90°) to both faults. Young deformation in C and S Sumatra is compressional, indicating decoupling of strike-slip and compressional components of deformation within broadly transpressive zones) Muchsin, A.M., C.C.Johnson, M.J. Crow, A. Djumsari & Sumartono (1997)- Geochemical atlas of southern Sumatra (Atlas geokimia daerah Sumatera bagian selatan). regional geochemical Atlas series of Indonesia 2, Bandung, p. Mujito, S. Hadipandoyo & J.B. Rachmat (1990)- Middle Baong Sandstone turbidite play, North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. In: CCOP/WRGA Play modelling exercise 1989-1990, CCOP Techn. Publ. 23, p. 17-38. (Description and hydrocarbon assessment of M-L Miocene Middle Baong Sst depwater sand play, N Sumatra) Mujito, S. Hadipandoyo & T.H. Sunarsono (1990)- Hydrocarbon resources assesment in the North Sumatra Basin. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 21, p. 97-116. (Lemigas assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in four plays in N Sumatra basin. Keutapang Wedge Top Play ranked highest, with undiscovered oil ranging from 0.37- 504 MMBO) Mukherjee, A.N. (1935)- Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der pliocanen Braunkohle des Tandjoeng Kohlenfeldes Palembang, Sud-Sumatra. Diss. Sachsischen Bergakademie Freiburg. 30 p. (‘A contribution to the knowledge of the Pliocene lignites of the Tanjung coalfield, Palembang, S Sumatra’. Early Pliocene Middle Palembang Fm lignites at Bukit Asam locally altered into coal- anthracite by heat from andesite intrusion. Coals composed of wood (incl. palm), cork, amber, leaves and cuticles, fungi, pyite. Good thin section photos) Mukti, M.M., S.C. Singh, N.D. Hananto, D. Ghosal & I. Deighton (2011)- Structural style and evolution of the Sumatran forearc basins. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-082, p. 1-7. (Crust beneath Sumatra fore arc basin thin (~20 km), thickens towards mainland. NE-SW extensional structures with probably Late Eocene- E Oligocene syn-rift sediments. Late Oligocene- E Miocene post-rift sediments in grabens and slopes. Grabens exhibit transtensional structures. Inversion of structures related to transpressional strike-slip fault zone, followed by M-L Miocene marked subsidence, overprinting older depocenters) Mukti, M.M., S.C. Singh, R. Moeremans, N.D. Hananto, H. Permana & I. Deighton (2012)- Neotectonics of the southern Sumatran Forearc. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-074, p. 1-10. Mulhadiono (1976)- Depositional study of the Lower Keutupang sandstone in the Aru area, North Sumatra. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 115-132. (U Miocene Lower Keutupang sands in coastal and shallow marine facies. Sourced from SE (Barisan Mts)) Mulhadiono & S. Asikin (1989)- The pull-apart basin offshore Bengkulu promises attractive exploration ventures. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology, Mineral and Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta, 1987, IAGI, p. 271-289. (Bengkulu offshore forearc basin probably Oligo-Miocene pull apart feature that may be attractive for exploration. Nine wells by Marathon and Aminoil, mostly away from kitchen areas. Oil and gas shows in wells, and seeps around Bengkulu town. Early and Late or Middle Miocene carbonates. Oligocene volcanics ‘basement’. Traditionally thought to be ‘cold’ basin, but wells suggest normal T gradients ?) Mulhadiono, P. Hartoyo & P.A. Soedaljo (1978)- The Middle Baong Sandstone Unit as one of the most productive units in the Aru area, North Sumatra. Proc. 7th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 107-132.


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(M Miocene (N13-N14) sandstone in middle part of Baong Fm oil-bearing at Tabuhan Barat, Telaga Said, Darat oil Fields, and also at new Besitang discovery) Mulhadiono, R.P. Koesoemadinata & Rusnandar (1982)- Besitang River sand as the first turbidite reservoir in Indonesia. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 265-298. (Productive M Miocene (zone N14) Besitang River sands in M Baong Fm, Aru area, N Sumatra, are turbidites within marine shale sequence. Fluid properties and production performance encourage further potential in structural and stratigraphic traps) Mulhadiono & Marinoadi (1977)- Notes on hydrocarbon trapping mechanism in the Aru area, North Sumatra. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 95-115. (N Sumatra Lower Baong and Pre-Baong are best source rocks. Vertical migration important in trapping of hydrocarbon in Aru area) Mulhadiono & J.A. Sutomo (1984)- Determination of economic basement of rock formation in exploring the Langkat-Medan area, North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 75-108. (In N Sumatra basin favourable reservoirs in E Miocene Belumai Fm, but Pre-Belumai rocks, especially "Basal Sandstone" strongly affected by diagnesis, have very low porosity, and should be considered "economic basement". 'Basal Sandstone' belongs to Permo-Triassic-Jurassic Kualu Fm) Mulja, T., M. Collins, H.H. Wong, R. Rizal, T. Brown & M. Zainuddin (2003)- An integrated mineral exploration programme in the Takengon tenement, Aceh magmatic arc, north Sumatra. Geochem. Expl., Env., Analysis, 3, 4, p. 321-335. (Discovery of gold and base metals in 1996-1998 in Takengon tenement of Aceh magmatic arc, N Sumatra. NNW–SSE and NNE–SSW trending fault zones related to mineralization.) Mundt, P.A. (1983)- Miocene reefs, offshore North Sumatra. In: Proc. Offshore SE Asia Conf. (SEAPEX) 6, Singapore, p. 1-9. (Mobil exploration and appraisal program for Miocene pinnacle reefs in NSB area off N Sumatra. Up to 70 reefs mapped in area of 1800 km2 on Malacca Shelf. Twelve wells resulted in 8 discoveries. Gas reserves 2 TCF in four fields. Gas contains 1-15% H2S and 28-31% CO2) Murphy, J. (1993)- The sedimentology of the Early Miocene, Lower Sihapas Sandstone reservoirs in the Kurau Field, Malacca Strait PSC, Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. In: C.D. Atkinson et al. (eds.) Clastic rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia: a core workshop, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 37-57. (Well MSBG-1 Early Miocene Lower Sihapas fluviodeltaic sands. Cored complete single parasequence exhibiting a 110’ thick progradational cycle from delta front through tidal flat to distributary channel deposits capped by channel abandonment facies. Sediments deposited in tide- dominated delta, with repeated stacking of reservoir units. This is discovery well of Kurau Field with >150 MBO in place) Muraoka, H., M. Takahashi, H. Sundhoro, S. Dwipa, Y. Soeda, M. Momita & K. Shimada (2010)- Geothermal systems constrained by the Sumatran Fault and its pull-apart basins in Sumatra, Western Indonesia. Proc. World Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali, 8p. (online at: http://b-dig.iie.org.mx/BibDig/P10-0464/pdf/1248.pdf) (Two types of geothermal systems in Sumatra (1) on the slope of volcanic edifices and (2) in pull-apart basins along the Sumatran strike-slip fault zone. Thirteen pull-apart basins identified) Musgrove, F.W. & A.C. Sunaryo (1998)- Compression or strike slip along the North Sumatra mountain front: controls on fracture permeability. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-15. (Production rates at Pase A field controlled by tectonically induced fractures in tight limestone reservoir. Area may have had transpressive deformation associated with oblique plate collision nearby. Much support for dominantly compressional tectonic model, little evidence for strike slip after reservoir was deposited) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1928)- Indragiri en Pelalawan. Uitkomsten van het mijnbouwkundig- geologisch onderzoek in de jaren 1922-1926. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 56 (1927), Verhand. 1, p. 1-245.


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(Report on 1922-1926 geological investigations in Indragiri and Pelalawan) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1929)- Geologische waarnemingen in de Padangsche Bovenlanden II. Het Si Karikir gebergte. De Mijningenieur 10, p. 112-118. ('Geological observations in the Padang Highlands II: the Si Karikir Mountains'. Mountain chain composed of Upper Triassic limestone locally rich in molluscs. Adjacent granodiorite is younger, but Mesozoic age because its erosional products present in Early Tertiary) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1930)- Beknopt verslag over uitkomsten van nieuwe geologische onderzoekingen in de Padangsche bovenlanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 58 (1929), Verhand., p. 265-331. ('Brief report on the results of new geological investigations in the Padang Highland's. Fieldwork in 19271928, in area surrounding Ombilin Basin Eocene fish locality. Presence of limestones of M Permian (G. Bulat and E of Lake Singkarak: fusulinid limestones; see also Lange 1925), Carboniferous (N of Moeko Moeko; with Paleozoic tabulate corals) and Triassic age (S of Sawah Loento; rich in Triassic bivalves; >500m thick). Aso Mesozoic granites and Tertiary sediments including basal Miocene/ Te limestones) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1933)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200 000. Toelichting bij Blad 15 (Praboemoelih). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Bandung, 41p. + map. ('Geologic map of Sumatra 1:200,000, sheet 15- Prabumulih') Musper, K.A.F.R. (1934)- Nieuwe fossielresten en de ouderdom der kalksteenen in het Pretertiair van het Goemai Gebergte. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 1, 8, sect. 4, p. 134-142. ('New fossils and the age of the limestones in the Pre-Tertiary of the Gumai Mountains'. Limestones interbedded with volcanics in Saling River, S Sumatra contain Orbitolina, Loftusia and nerineids, suggesting EM Cretaceous age. Earlier determination of Triassic age based on Lovcenipora wrong (Yabe 1943 suggests Late Jurassic age; HvG). Also new species of gastropod Nerinea palembangensis) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1934)- Een bezoek aan de grot Soeroeman Besar in het Goemaigebergte (Palembang, ZuidSumatra). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 51, 4, p. 521-531. ('A visit to the Suruman Besar cave in the Gumai Mountains, S Sumatra'. Extensive cave system in Cretaceous limestones. Little geology information) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1935)- Die fischfuhrende Breccien- und Mergelschieferabteilung des Tertiars der Padanger Hochlande (Mittel-Sumatra). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 11, 2, p. 145-188. ('The fish-bearing breccia and marl-shale series of the Padang Highlands (C Sumatra)'. Detailed description of area containing Paleogene lacustrine marly shales with famous fresh-water fish fossils near Talawi village on Ombilin River) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1936)- Einige Bemerkungen zur fossilen Fischfauna von Padang (Sumatra). De Ingen. In Nederl. Indie 3, 4, sect. 4, p. 70-74. ('Some remarks on the fossil fish fauna from Padang (Sumatra)'. Critique of Sanders (1934) monograph of Eocene fresh or brackish water fish fauna) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1937)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200 000. Toelichting bij Blad 16 (Lahat). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Bandung, 110p. (Map sheet Lahat, S Sumatra, with explanatory notes) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1938)- Fundorte und stratigraphisches Lager neuer Aufsammlungen Tertiarer Landpflanzenbesonders Kiezelholzreste auf Sumatra und Java. De Ingen. in Ned. Indie 5, 12, sect. 4, p. 169-181. (Localities and stratigraphic position of 2020 samples of Tertiary land plants and silicified wood from C Sumatra (Padang Highlands, Indragiri), S Sumatra (SW of Palembang) and W Java) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1939)- Kritische Betrachtungen über Herkunft und genaueres Alter der aus dem Tertiar Niederlandisch-Indiens beschriebenen Hölzer. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 99, p. 1-21.


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('Critical notes on the origin and precise ages of Tertiary wood fossils described from Netherlands Indies') Nabasir, A., Andriyani S., Hendar S.M., Haruji M.P. & Subagio (1999)- Integrated study of the Telisa shaly sand in the Bangko Field, C Sumatera Basin. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 59-78. Nainggolan, D.A. (2007)- Tinjauan analisis gaya berat terhadap bentukan struktur bawah permukaan di Lembar Medan, Sumatera Utara. Jurn. Sumberdaya Geol. 17, 4, p. 243-256. (Interpretation of Medan sheet, N Sumatra, gravity data) Nainggolan, D.A. & T. Padmawijaya (2003)- Studi geodinamika lajur akresi daerah Siberut dari data gayaberat. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 13, 143, p. ('Study of geodynamics of the accretionary prism in the Siberut area from gravity data') Nakano, M., H. Kumagai, S. Toda, R. Ando, T. Yamashina, H. Inoue & Sunarjo (2010)- Source model of an earthquake doublet that occurred in a pull-apart basin along the Sumatran fault, Indonesia. Geoph. J. Int. 181, p.141-153. (2007 earthquake doublet along Sumatran fault near Padang Panjang, C Sumatra. Focal mechanisms indicate right-lateral strike-slip faults, consistent with geometry of Sumatran fault. Both nucleated below N end of Lake Singkarak, which is in pull-apart basin between Sumani and Sianok segments of Sumatran fault system) Napitupulu, H. & W.S. Sadirsan (2000)-The origin of light oil and condensates in the Musi Block- South Sumatra Basin. AAPG Ann.Mtg. New Orleans 2000, p. (Abstract only) (S Sumatra Basin oil, biomarker, carbon isotope analyses show hydrocarbons mainly from Talang Akar- Lahat Fms terrestrial source rock. Light oil and condensate formed by evaporative fractionation. Oil formed and trapped in lower formation, then light fraction migrated into overlying limestone reservoir. This process responsible for hydrocarbons in Musi and Klingi fields, located in basement high area 20 km W of kitchen) Nas, D.S. & J.B. Supandjono (1995)- Geological map of the Telo sheet, Sumatra, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Nash, J.M.W. (1929)- Radiolarienhoudende gesteenten van Sumatra. De Mijningenieur 10, p. 249-255. ('Radiolarian-bearing rocks from Sumatra'. New localities with radiolarians in S Sumatra; no true radiolarites) Nash, J.M.W. (1930)- De Trias ten zuiden van Sawah Loento. De Mijningenieur 11, 8, p. 159-164. (‘The Triassic S of Sawahlunto’. Triassic sediments intruded by diorite porphyry in Jurassic-Cretaceous during or after folding) Natawidjaja, D.H. (2002)- Neotectonics of the Sumatran Fault and paleogeodesy of the Sumatran subduction zone. Ph.D.Thesis California Inst. Technology, Pasadena, 289p. (Online at: http://etd.caltech.edu/etd/available/etd-05222003-155554/unrestricted/DHN_Thesis.pdf. Collection of typescripts; no figures) Natawidjaja, D.H., K. Sieh, S.N. Ward, H. Cheng, R.L. Edwards et al. (2004)- Paleogeodetic records of seismic and aseismic subduction from central Sumatran microatolls, Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res. 109, B04306, doi:10.1029/2003JB002398, 34 p. (Coral microatolls in W Sumatra used to document recent vertical deformation associated with subduction) Natawidjaja, D.H., K. Sieh, J. Galetzka, B.W. Suwargadi, H. Cheng, R.L. Edwards & M. Chlieh (2007)Interseismic deformation above the Sunda Megathrust recorded in coral microatolls of the Mentawai islands, west Sumatra, J. Geophys. Res. 112, B02404, doi:10.1029/2006JB004450, p. Natawidjaja, D.H. & W. Triyoso (2007)- The Sumatran fault zone- from source to hazard. J. Earthquake and Tsunami 1, 1, p. 21-47.


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(Substantial portion of Sumatran oblique convergence accommodated by Sumatran fault. 1900 km-long active strike-slip fault, 20 major segments, which range in length from about 60 to 200 km. Slip rates along fault increase NW-ward, from ~ 5 mm/yr around Sunda Strait to 27 mm/yr around Toba Lake) Natsir, M., T. Nasiruddin & N. Hasani (2010)- Rejuvenation of Niru: an integrated subsurface re-interpretation. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-103, 8p. (S Sumatra Niru field 1949 BPM discovery on flank Limau anticlinorium. Peak production of 6000 BOPD reached in 1958. 2006 step-out drilling found additional reservoir on flank, significantly increasing production) Nayoan, G.A.S., D. Arpandi & M. Sumawa (1984)- Geological notes on hydrocarbon occurences in the carbonate rocks of the Belumai Formation, North Sumatra, Indonesia. In: The hydrocarbon occurrence in carbonate rocks, Proc. Joint ASCOPE/CCOP workshop, Surabaya 1982, ASCOPE, Jakarta, p. 383-405. Neeb, E.A. (1902)- Verslag omtrent het onderzoek naar tinertsafzettingen in een gedeelte van Midden- Sumatra, omvattende de landschappen V. Kota, III. Kota Kampar, IV. Kota di Mudik, VII. Kota Kampar di Ilir, Rokan Kiri, IV. Kota, Kunto, Ramba, Dalu-Dalu, Kampennan en aangrenzende streken. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 31 (1902), p. 113-145. ('Report on the investigation of tin ore deposits in a part of C Sumatra, in the areas of Kota, Kota Kampar, etc.'. Concludes that, despite some local exploitation, there are no commercial tin deposits in this part of C Sumatra. With two 1:100,000 scale geologic maps of Upper Kampar, Rokan Kiri rivers areas) Nelson, H. F., M. Abdullah, C.F. Jordan & A.J. Jenik (1982)- Petrography of the Arun gas field, Aceh Province, Indonesia. In: Joint ASCOPE/CCOP Workshop on hydrocarbon occurrences in carbonates, Surabaya 1982, 38 p. Newcomb, K.R. & W.R. McCann (1987)- Seismic history and seismotectonics of the Sunda arc. J. Geophys. Res. 92, p. 421-439. Nicholson, R.A. & S. Soekapradja (1990)- Organic geochemical studies in the North Sumatra Basin. In: Scientific contribution on petroleum science and technology, Spec. Publ. LEMIGAS, Jakarta, p. 45-67. Ninkovich, D. (1976)- Late Cenozoic clockwise rotation of Sumatra. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 29, p. 269-275. (Clockwise rotation of Sumatra of ~20° about axis near Sunda Strait inferred from: (1) Sumatra volcanic arc at angle of 20° with volcanic arc farther E; (2) Benioff zone maximum depth of 600 km E of Sunda Strait, but decreases to 200 km NW along Sumatra island; (3) age of volcanic activity younging to NW (?)) Ninkovich, D., N.J. Shackleton, A.A. Abdel-Monem, J.D. Obradovich & G. Izett (1978)- K-Ar age of the Pleistocene eruption of Toba, North Sumatra. Nature 276, p. 574-577. (Late Pleistocene eruption of Toba is largest explosive eruption documented from Quaternary. K–Ar dating of the uppermost Toba Tuff gives age of ~ 75,000 yr) Ninkovich, D., R.S.J. Sparks & M.T. Ledbetter (1978)- The exceptional magnitude and intensity of the Toba eruption, Sumatra: an example of the use of deep-sea tephra layers as a geological tool. Bull. Volcanologique 41, p. 285-298. Nishimura, S., E. Abe, J. Nishida, T. Yokoyama, A. Dharma, P. Hehanussa & F. Hehuwat (1984)- A gravity and volcanostratigraphic interpretation of the Lake Toba region, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Tectonophysics, 109, p. 253-261, 265-272. Nishimura, S. & H. Harjono (1992)- The Krakatau Islands: the geotectonic setting. GeoJournal 28, p. 87-98. (Sunda Strait transitional zone between Java frontal and Sumatra oblique subductions. Krakatau complex at intersection of two graben zones and N-S active fracture zone with fissure extrusion of alkali basaltic rocks commencing at Sukadana and continuing S as far as Panaitan island through Rajabasa, Sebuku and Krakatau)


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Nishimura, S., J. Nishida, T. Yokoyama & F. Hehuwat (1986)- Neotectonics of the Strait of Sunda, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 1, p. 81-91. (Sunda Strait rapidly subsiding trough, with thick U Pliocene- Quaternary clastics from Lampung to Krakatau fracture zone. Krakatau complex at intersection of two graben zones and N-S active seismic belt. Gravity anomalies in (1) N of Ujung Kulon, indicating existence of low gravity caldera, from which Malingping and Banten tufts were ejected 0.1 Ma ago, and (2) area of Kotaagung, where graben structure was observed and ignimbrite eruption occurred at 1 Ma. Paleomagnetic studies suggest Sumatra rotated clockwise relative to Java from 2.0 Ma- present at 5-10°/ My. Difference in strike of Java and Sumatra exceeds 20 °, so rotation of Sumatra and opening of Strait Sunda might have started before 2 Ma) Nishimura, S., S. Sasajima, K. Hirooka, K.H. Thio & F. Hehuwat (1978)- Radiometric ages of volcanic products in Sunda Arc. CCOP/ SEATAR Workshop on the Sumatra Transect, Parapat, p. Nocker, H. (1919)- Beitrage zur Petrographie von Sud-Sumatra (Lampong Distrikte). Inaugural Dissertation, Wilhelms Universitat, Munster, p. 1-53. ('Contributions to the petrography of South Sumatra (Lampong Districts)'. Petrographic descriptions of igneous (granite, gabbro, diorite), volcanic (andesite, liparite, dacite) and metamorphic rocks (gneiss, amphibolite, muscovite schist, quartzite) collected by Elbert around Lampung Bay. No pictures; poor locality descriptions) Noeradi, D., Djuhaeni & B. Simanjuntak (2005)- Rift play in Ombilin Basin outcrop, West Sumatera. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 39-52. (Ombilin Basin Eo-Oligocene half-graben in Barisan Mountains. Two wells drilled in 1983 (Sinamar-1, TD 3020m) and 1994 (S Sinamar 1). Both on inversion structures and with hydrocarbon shows in cuttings. Abundant Paleogene reservoir potential, but reservoir quality questionable) Noujaim, A.K. (1977)- Drilling in a high temperature and overpressured area, Sunda Straits, Indonesia. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, 2, p. 211-214. (1973 Aminoil C-1SX well a few km from Krakatau volcano very high temperature. Well TD still in Upper Pliocene after penetrating over 8,000’ Upper Pliocene clastics. Formation T over 450° F at TD 9860’) Nugraha, R., B. Abrar & D. Hernadi (2007)- Pemodelan geologi untuk pengembangan lapangan Beruk North, Blok Coastal plains, Pekanbaru. Proc. Simp. Nas. IATMI, UPN ‘Veteran’, Yogyakarta 2007, TS-02, 11p. (online at http://elib.iatmi.or.id/uploads/IATMI_2007-TS-02_Reza_Satria_Nugraha,_BOB_PT.pdf ) (3-D geological model of 1985 North Beruk Field, Coastal Plains Block, Central Sumatra) Nugroho, S.B., Y. Hartono & R.N. Ardianto (2010)- Integrated geology, geophysics and petrophysics data to describe lateral and vertical reservoir heterogeneity to optimize field development plan Limau Field, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. In: Proc. SPE Int. Oil and Gas Conf. Exhibition in China, Beijing 2010, 22p. (Integrated 3D model of E Miocene Talang Akar Fm sandstone reservoirs of Limau oil field, Prabumulih, S Sumatra Basin, discovered by BPM in 1951 and still producing. Original oil in place 823 MMBO, cumulative production 265.4 MMBO)) Nugroho, S.B. & U.B. Santoso (1999)- Using the resistivity and GR log to guide slimhole drilling on 415 m horizontal section of 3 to 5 m thick oil rim between gas cap and water zone within the Baturaja Limestone; an example from Musi-28 Well, Prabumulih, South Sumatera. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 2, p. 147-158. Nur'aini, S., S. Martodjojo, F.W. Musgrove & J. Bon (2000)- Deep-water basin floor fans of the Lower Baong Formation, a new exploration objective, offshore North Sumatera. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 177-184 (Good quality M Miocene sands penetrated on Malaka Shelf in Transgressive System Tract (TST) sheet sands, and will only be trapped structurally. Thick deep-water basin floor fans interpreted past shelf-slope break have potential to form large stratigraphic traps. Prospective stratigraphic traps ideally located next to Lho Sukon Deep kitchen known to have sourced most of N Sumatra gas. Primary risk is updip seal of stratigraphic traps)


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Nur'aini, S., S. Martodjojo, F.W. Musgrove & J. Bon (2001)- Revisiting the Middle Baong sand: basin floor fan or slope fan in origin? Berita Sediment. 15, p. 6-9. Nuryadin, H., F. Kamil, A. Kamal & R.M.I. Argakoesoemah (2006)- A challenge and future potential of basal clastic play in Paleo-Basement High, Musi Platform, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-PG-23, p. 1-5. (Musi Platform traditional objective is Baturaja carbonates. Most exploration wells drilled basement, some have thin Basal Clastics unit, possibly equivalent to Upper Talang Akar Fm. Hydrocarbon potential of basal clastic play shown by successful tests in recent wells like Soka F-2, Kembar-1, and Fariz-3. Reservoir quality variable. Play mostly a combination stratigraphy- structure) Oostingh, C.H. (1941)- Over de Tertiaire molluskenfauna van Palembang. De Ingen. Nederl. Indie 8, p. 21-29. (‘On the Tertiary mollusc fauna from Palembang’) Oppenoorth, W.F. (1918)- Foraminiferen van de Noordkust van Atjeh. Verhand Geol-Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. ser. 2, p. 249-258. (‘Foraminifera from the North coast of Aceh’. At several localities limestone at base of Neogene, rich in Lepidocyclina Miogypsina, Cycloclypeus. Interbedded with marls with Orbulina universa. Age assumed to be Aquitanian, but more likely Middle Miocene; HvG) Oppenoorth, W.F.F. & J. Zwierzycki (1918)- Geomorfologische en tektonische waarnemingen als bijdrage tot verklaring van de landschapsvormen van Noord Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 46 (1917), Verhand. I, p. 276-311. (‘Geomorphological and tectonic observations as a contribution to the explanation of the landforms of North Sumatra’) Osberger, R. (1954)- Die Geologie des Sibumbungebirges nebst Beschreibung der hier und in benachbarten Gebieten liegenden Ertzvorkommen (Mittel-Sumatra). Sitzungsber. Osterr. Akad.Wiss., Math.-Naturw. Kl., 1, 163, 9-10, p. 689-723. ('The geology of the Sibumbun Mountrains with description of the associated and nearby ore occurrences (C Sumatra)'. Summary of geology and copper and iron mineralizations associated with Carboniferous- Triassic intrusives in NE of Singkarak Lake, Padang province) Osberger, R. (1955)- Uber Deckenbau und andere geologische Probleme im Pratertiair Sumatras. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaont., Monarshefte 1955, 8, p. 321-341. (‘On nappe structures and other geological problems in the Pre-Tertiary of Sumatra’. Assumes existence of nappe structure in Toba area of N Sumatra) Osberger, R. (1956)- On the nappe structure and other geological problems in the Pre-Tertiary of Sumatra. 20th Sess. Int. Geol. Congr., Mexico, 5, p. 411-420. (Assumes existence of nappe structure in Toba area of N Sumatra) Ozawa, Y. (1929)- A new occurrence of Schwagerina princeps in Sumatra. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 22, p. 51-52. (Occurrence of fusulinids in Productus limestone of Teluk Gedang on Merangin River, below plant beds with Pecopteris of Garing River) Page, B.N.G., J.D. Bennett, N.R. Cameron, D.M. Bridge, D.H. Jeffrey et al. (1979)- A review of the main structural and magmatic features of northern Sumatra. J. Geol. Soc., London, 136, 5, p. 569-579. (Three main periods of Cenozoic volcanismin N Sumatra: E Oligocene, Oligo-Miocene and Miocene- Recent. Large transcurrent movements on SFS indicated by (a) regional slivers of oceanic crust trapped at leading junction of W continental plate as it moved NW against main mass of island; (b) palaeomagnetic evidence showing E Sumatra as part of Malaya block and in equatorial position since Cretaceous, while palaeolatitude of NW tip of Sumatra (W of SFS), was farther S; (c) juxtaposition of Li-rich and Li-poor geochemical provinces


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along SFS. Sumatran magmatic arc commenced at least in Mesozoic. Offset of current arc to E at Lake Toba ascribed to change in angle of Benioff Zone, divided by split in descending plate coincident with prolongation of Investigator transform fault) Page, B.G.N. & R.D. Young (1981)- Anomalous geochemical patterns from northern Sumatra: their assessment in terms of mineral exploration and regional geology. J. Geochem. Expl. 15, p. 325-365. (Stream sediment geochemical survey in Sumatra N of 4°N. Linear high-copper zone along axial Barisan Mts, derived from ophiolites and copper-rich calc-alkaline intrusives. High chromium over ophiolites. High lead E of linear copper zone and along oil and gas basins of E coast strip. High tin values W of copper rich intrusives. Pattern does not conform to classic zonation of mineral deposits across simple subduction system) Panggabean, H. & R. Heryanto (2009)- An appraisal for the petroleum source rocks on oil seep and rock samples of the Tertiary Seblat and Lemau Formations, Bengkulu Basin. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 4, 1, p. 43-55. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20090105.pdf) (Bengkulu Basin Eocene-Oligocene fore-arc basin. Oldest ‘Lahat-equivalent’ formation unconformably overlain by Oligocene-Miocene Hulusimpang Fm volcanic rocks, then by siliciclastics and minor carbonates of E-M Miocene Seblat Fm. Geochemistry on selected outcrop samples and Padangcapo village oil seep indicates potential source rocks may occurred in Lahat- equivalent Seblat, and Lemau Fms) Panguriseng, M.J., E. Nurjadi, W.S. Sadirsan, B.W.H. Adibrata & D. Priambodo (2011)- Determination of turbidite "lobe" distribtion and geometry in Middle baong sand, North Sumatra Basin: artificial neural network approach of multi-atribute analysis. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011389, 12p. (In Indonesian. M Miocene Middle Baong Sand prolific reservoir in N Sumatra Basin. Deep marine sand, with lateral discontinuity major issue. Artificial Neural Network method of seismic multi-attribute analysis used for reservoir characterization and geometry analysis) Panjaitan, S. (2006)- Struktur dan geometri cekungan oil shale di daerah Taluk, Riau, berdasarkan metode gaya berat. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC), 16, 2, p. 75-93. ('Structure and geometry of the oil shale basin in the area of Taluk, Riau, based on gravity method') Pannetier, W. (1994)- Diachronism of drowning event on Baturaja limestone in the Tertiary Palembang subbasin, South Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 10, 3-4, p. 143-157. (Oligocene-E Miocene transgression in Lahat and Talang Akar formations from W to E. Deposition of Baturaja carbonate on tectonic uplifts interpreted as lowstand system tract. Drowning of carbonate platform by Gumai shales diachronous. Carbonate drowning coincides with renewed volcanic and tectonic activities and cooling) Paramita, D. & R. Santoso (2011)- Sequence stratigraphy and facies distribution analyses to define reservoir lateral distribution in Meruap Field, Jambi. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-154, 12p. (Meruap Field in Jambi Sub-basin, discovered in 1974. Main oil reservoir is sand of M Miocene Air Benakat Fm. Total oil produced 10.3 MMBO. Sequence stratigraphy study suggests five sequence boundaries. Sands deposited in deposited in tide- dominated delta, with three depositional facies: tidal channel, tidal sand bar, and tidal sand flat, with depositional trend oriented SW-NE) Pardede, R., T.C. Amin & S. Gafoer (1986)- Geologic map of the Bengkulu Quadrangle, Sumatra, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Pardede, R. & K. Brata (1984)- Geologic Map of the Sungaipenuh and Ketaun Quadrangles, Sumatra (Quadrangle 0812 and 0813), 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Open File. Permana, A.K. (2008)- Coal characteristics of Sarolangun- Pauh region: implication for coalbed methane potential. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. 14, 6, p. 351-360.


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(Muara Enim Fm coal in Sarolangun- Pauh region, Jambi Provice, S Sumatra, prospective for CBM. Coal mainly vitrinite with rare inertinite, minor exinite and mineral matter. Open microcleats dominate over closed microcleats. Coalbed methane content expected to be low- moderate) Permana, H., K. Hirata, T. Fujiwara, Udrekh, E.Z. Gaffar, M. Kawano & Y.S. Djajadihardja (2010)- Fault pattern and active deformation of outer arc ridge of Northwest of Simeulue Island, Aceh, Indonesia. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-241, 6p. (Interpretation of structural deformation in Sumatra forearc NW Simeuleu from new bathymetry map) Pesicek, J.D. (2009)- Structure of the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone. Ph.D. Thesis University of Wisconsin, Madison, p. 1-167. (Seismic tomography studies of mantle, using new teleseismic data from aftershock sequences of 2004, 2005, and 2007 earthquakes) Pesicek, J.D., C.H. Thurber, S. Widiyantoro, E.R. Engdahl & H.R. DeShon (2008)- Complex slab subduction beneath northern Sumatra. Geoph. Res. Lett. 35, L20303, 5p. (New data from 2004-2005 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake sequences allows improved detail of P-wave velocity structure beneath Sumatra and adjacent regions. Below N Sumatra slab is folded at depth. Fold plays major role in segmentation of Sumatra megathrust, and may impede rupture propagation in region. N of Sumatra, significant slab material in mantle transition zone imaged for first time) Pesicek, J.D., C.H. Thurber, S. Widiyantoro, H. Zhang, H.R. DeShon & E.R. Engdahl (2010)- Sharpening the tomographic image of the subducting slab below Sumatra, the Andaman Islands and Burma. Geoph. J. Int. 182, 1, p. 433-453. (Increased ray coverage following 2004 and 2005 earthquakes allowed improved imaging of slab geometry in upper-mantle and transition zone regions along Sumatra, Andaman and Burma subduction zones) Pesicek, J. D., C. H. Thurber, H. Zhang, H.R. DeShon, E.R. Engdahl & S. Widiyantoro (2010)- Teleseismic double-difference relocation of earthquakes along the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone using a 3-D model. J. Geophys. Res., 115, B10303, p. 1-20. Peter, C.K. & Z. Achmad (1976)- The petrography and depositional environment of Belumai Formation Limestone in the Bohorok area, North Sumatra. In: Proc. Int. Carbonate Seminar, Jakarta 1976. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Spec. Vol., p. 61-66. (E Miocene Belumai Fm Limestone Mbr shallow open marine shelf conglomerates and limestones accumulated on local topographic high, overlain by deeper shelf limestones. No reefal facies limestones seen in area) Petersen, M.D., J. Dewey, S. Hartzell, C. Mueller, S. Harmsen, A.D. Frankel & K. Rukstales (2004)Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Sumatra, Indonesia, and across the Southern Malaysian Peninsula. Tectonophysics 390, p. 141-158. (Ground motion hazard models for Sumatra and Malay peninsula by USGS) Philippi, H. (1917)- Morphologische en geologische aantekeningen bij de kaart van Zuid-Sumatra, 1. Het Ranau Meer. Jaarverslag Topographische Dienst Nederl. Indie 1916, p, 182-207. ('Morphological and geological notes with the map of S Sumatra, 1. Ranau Lake') Philippi, H. (1918)- Morphologische en geologische aantekeningen bij de kaart van Zuid-Sumatra, 2. Kolenterreinen in Benkoelen. Meded. Encyclopedisch Bureau (Batavia) 18, p. 1-86 + maps ('Morphological and geological notes with the map of South Sumatra, 2. Coal terrains in Bengkulu'. Notes on coal occurrences in Bengkulu area, made during topographic survey. Coal in Bengkulu surveyed earlier by Van Dijk (1875), Verbeek (1881) and Moerman (1915). Coal in two horizons, both folded/ faulted: 'Old Miocene' (rel. good quality; locally improved by thermal metamorphism by common young igneous intrusions) and 'Young Miocene' (low grade, poor quality, water content 15-19%), separated by 'Middle Miocene' interval rich in tuffs (Sekajoen Tuffs, Balai Tuffs, Kaboe andesites-breccias). Age control of formations poor)


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Philippi, H. (1923)- Contributions a la geologie de la partie meridionale de Sumatra: gisements de fer dans les districts des Lampongs. Univ. Geneve Fac. Sci., Thesis 720, 42p. ('Contributions to the geology of the southern part of Sumatra; iron-bearing beds in the Lampung District.' Rel. little detailed description of iron-bearing rocks near Sukadana/ Telukbetung) Philippi, H. (1925)- Beschrijving van ijzerertsafzettingen op de hellingen van den Radjabasa (Lampongsche Districten). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 393-403. ('Description of iron ore deposits on the slopes of the Rajabasa (Lampong Districts)'. On non-commercial iron ore deposits on N slope Rajabasa volcano, S Sumatra) Poerwanto, J.H., C.F. Sugembong, J.M. Bagzis & A.D. Martinez (1995)- Application of hydraulic fracturing technologies to the shallow Telisa Formation. SPE Asia Pacific Oil Gas Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1995, p. 277-284. (On fracturing treatments in shallow (600'), high permeability (10-100 mD) laminated sandstone reservoir in E Miocene Telisa Fm, South Balam Field, 50 km NW of Duri, C Sumatra) Posavec, M., D. Taylor, T. van Leeuwen & A. Spector (1973)- Tectonic controls of volcanism and complex movements along the Sumatran fault system. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 6, p. 43-60. (Rio Tinto work along Sumatra fault zone. Igneous activity along E-W alignments suggested by magnetic lineaments. Active volcanic centers spaced at 75-100 km along active fault zone. Total horizontal offset along fault ~130 km since inception of present volcanic cycle) Posthumus, O. (1927)- Some remarks concerning the Palaeozoic flora of Djambi, Sumatra. Proc. Kon. Acad. Wet. Amsterdam 30, 6, p. 628-634. (Carboniferous or Permian fossil plants from Jambi show most resemblance to Gigantoperis flora of E Asia, not Gondwana Glossopteris fauna) Pramumijoyo, S. (1993)- Neotectonique et sismotectonique de la terminaison meridionale de la Grande Faille de Sumatra et du Detroit de la Sonde (Indonesie). Doct. Thesis, Universite Paris XI, Paris, p. ('Neotectonics and seismotectonics at the southern end of the Great Sumatra Fault and Sunda Straits') Pramumijoyo, S. & M. Sebrier (1991)- Neogene and Quaternary fault kinematics around the Sunda Strait area, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, 2, p. 137-145. (Sunda Strait transition zone from orthogonal subduction off Java to oblique subduction off Sumatra. Opening of Sunda Strait consequence of right lateral movement of Sumatran Fault System-SFS. Two main kinematics on faults around Sunda Strait area: dextral strike-slip and normal. Strike-slip deformations in Miocene or older rocks, Pliocene and younger formations only normal faulting. Dextral slip on SFS began during M Miocene and normal faulting prevailed in Sunda Strait since 5 Ma, controlling bathymetry of Sunda Strait) Pranyoto, U., B. Setiardja & E. Sjahbuddin (1990)- Pembentukan, migrasi dan terperangkapnya hidrokarbon di daerah Rantau, Aru dan Langkat-Medan, Cekungan Sumatra Utara. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 175-200. ('Formation, migration and trapping of hydrocarbons in the Rantau, Aru and Langkat-Medan areas, N Sumatra basin') Praptono, S.H., R. Dwiputro, I.M. Longley & R.W. Ward (1991)- Kurau: an example of the low-relief structural play in the Malacca Strait PSC, Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 299-318. (Kurau field two separate low relief anticlinal structures on E margin of Bengkalis Trough. Traps formed by drape over structures formed in Late Oligocene. These structures, cored by basement and Pematang Group rocks, remained largely unaffected by Late Miocene- Pliocene tectonism. This later tectonism produced many high-relief structures which were focus for early exploration. Stacked oil pools, with >150 MMBO in-place, largest in PSC . Discovered late in exploration history of area due to relatively subtle nature of trap)


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Prasetyo, H., E. Suparka & D. Noeradi Darussalam (2009)- Characterization of low-permeability reservoir rock using petrography and depositional studies- case study: optimizing production from low-permeability Bekasap Sandstones in Central Sumatra, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exh., Rio de Janeiro 2009, Search and Discovery Article #40513 (2009), 13p. (Extended Abstract) (E Miocene Bekasap Fm sandstone reservoirs in C Sumatra basin deposited in estuarine, tide-dominated delta system. Overall fining-upward: lower part m- grained, conglomeratic, cross-bedded and massive sandstones, with permeability up to 1900 mD, upper part f-vf-grained, bioturbated sandstone with permeability from 10's200 mD. In general, reservoir quality more controlled by depositional environment than diagenetic processes. At depth both permeability and porosity reductions significantly controlled by cementation) Pratiwi, F.I., V.B. Indranadi & B. Toha (2011)- Sequence stratigraphy for facies modeling of Upper Lakat and Tualang Formation: implication for Late Oligocene to Early Miocene paleogeography of southern Bengkalis Trough. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-225, 12p. (Sequence stratigraphy of Late Oligocene-E Miocene fluvial- tidal channel reservoir intervals in field 'X' (probably Stanvac Kayuara field; HvG), at S end Bengkalis Trough, C Sumatra Basin. Sands quartz-rich and derived from N-NE part of Bengkalis, from Malacca Terrane basement high) Prawirodirdjo, L., Y. Bock, J.F. Genrich, S.S.O. Puntodewo et al. (2000)- One century of tectonic deformation along the Sumatran fault from triangulation and Global Positioning System surveys. J. Geophys. Res. 105, p. 28,343-28,361. (Analysis combining historical triangulation and recent GPS measurements in W and N Sumatra reveals detailed slip history along central part of Sumatran fault) Prawirodirdjo, L., Y. Bock, R. McCaffrey, J. Genrich, E. Calais et al. (1997)- Geodetic observations of interseismic strain segmentation at the Sumatra subduction zone. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 21, p. 2601-2604. (GPS suggests complete coupling of forearc to subducting plate S of 0.5°S, half as much to N) Prayitno, W., J.W. Armon & S. Haryono (1992)- The implications of basin modeling for exploration- Sunda Basin case history, offshore southeast Sumatra. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 379-416. Premonowati (2011)- Outcrops conservation of Tanjung Baru or Lower Talang Akar Formation, Baturaja city of Palembang area - South Sumatra Basin: how important? Berita Sedim. 20, p. 7-11. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/bs20-sumatra.html. Proposal to conserve quarry in Late Oligocene or basal Miocene fluvial conglomeratic quartz sst of Gritsand Mb of Lower Talang Akar Fm E of Baturaja, with proposal to rename into Tanjung Baru Fm. With overview of stratigraphy of this part of S Sumatra basin) Priwastono, D., A. Kohar, J. Layundra & D. Wanengpati (2005)- The seismic characteristics of the Langsa “L” carbonate build-up, the first offshore oil production in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA05-G-171, 10p. (L oil field discovered in 1980 by Mobil in Malacca Straits. Reservoir Early Miocene Malacca Fm carbonate buildup with av. porosities 6.4- 10.7%) Priyomarsono, S. & A. Sumarsono (1993)- Tektonik geologi daerah pegunungan Tigapuluh dan daerah sekitarnya, cekungan Sumatra selatan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 103-111. (Tectonics of Tigapuluh Mountains and surrounding area, S Sumatra Basin) Pubellier, M., C. Rangin, J.P. Cadet, I. Tjashuri, J. Butterlin & C. Mueller (1992)- L’ile de Nias, un edifice polyphase sur la bordure interne de la fosse de la Sonde (Archipel de Mentawai, Indonesie). C.R. Acad. Sci., Ser. II, 8, p. 1019-1026. (Nias Island classically regarded as emergent accretionary wedge. Complex belt affected by polyphase tectonics in Eocene and M Miocene. Sediments shelf clastics and limestone. Nias Melange extremely thin mylonites and olistostromic scaly clay at several decollement levels. Reactivation of Eocene Tethys suture zone within crustal blocks of Sunda margin could be alternative hypothesis for structure of Mentawai Islands)


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Pudjowalujo, H. (1990)- Cenozoic tectonics of North Sumatra with particular reference to the Sumatran fault system. Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 90, Gold Coast 1990, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, p. 209-215. Pujasmadi, B., H. Alley & Shofiyuddin (2002)- Suban gas field, South Sumatra- example of a fractured basement reservoir. In: F.H. Sidi & A. Setiawan (eds.) Proc. Giant Field and New Exploration Concepts Seminar, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, October 2002, p. 25-44. (Suban gas field 1998 discovery 165km WNW of Palembang. Over 1000m gas column between 1800-3300m, straddling E Miocene Baturaja Fm reefal limestone (33% of reserves), Oligocene Talang Akar Fm sandstones and Eocene- Oligocene Lemat Fm conglomerates (19%) and fractured basement composed of M Jurassic andesites, E Cretaceous granitoids and Permo-Carboniferous marine metasediments (48% of reserves)) Pujobroto, A. (1997)- Organic petrology and geochemistry of Bukit Asam coal, South Sumatra, Indonesia, Ph.D. Thesis, School of Geosciences, University of Wollongong, p. Pulunggono, A. (1969)- Basement configuration in the South Palembang basinal area: its signficance to depositional conditions and oil-trappping. In: Fourth ECAFE Symp. Development of petroleum resources Asia and Far East, Canberra 1969, 16p. Pulunggono, A. (1986)- Tertiary structural features related to extensional and compressive tectonics in the Palembang Basin, South Sumatra. Proc.15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 187-213. (Tertiary basin history. Tensional phase in Late Oligocene- E Miocene, coinciding with standstill of Indian oceanic plate subduction below Sundaland. Oblique compression of N-ward converging Indian Ocean plate solely accomodated by NW-SE trending proto-Barisan by lateral movements. The early M Miocene onset of compression connected with renewed subduction. Diastrophism in Palembang Basin mainly confined to narrow N-S zone with highest heatflow and most fields) Pulunggono, A. & N.R. Cameron (1984)- Sumatran microplates, their characteristics and their role in the evolution of Central and South Sumatra basins. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 121-143. (Milestone paper on Sumatra Pre-Tertiary mosaic of basement terranes. Mergui, Malacca and East Malaya continental microplates joined in Late Triassic to form Sundaland, followed by Late Cretaceous accretion of W coast Woyla volcanic arc terrain(s). Suture zone between Mergui and Malacca microplates, named Mutus assemblage, major zone of weakness during formation of Tertiary C and S Sumatra basins. It is a zone of high heat flow and underlies ~95% of two basin's oil production. Young Tertiary structures in this zone are related to wrenching in N and S, and to compressional reactivation of cross cutting WNW-ESE faults formed during the accretion of Woyla Terrains ) Pulunggono, A., A. Haryo S. & C.G. Kosuma (1992)- Pre-Tertiary and Tertiary fault systems as a framework of the South Sumatra Basin; a study of SAR-maps. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 339-360. (S Sumatra dominant trends WNW-ESE, N-S, NW-SE and ± N 30°E. Distribution of Jurassic and Cretaceous granites important to explain geological evolution of Sundaland. Paleogene initiation of S Sumatra back-arc basin by way of subsiding "block-areas" along WNW-ESE (Lematang) and N-S trending strike-slip faults of Pre-Tertiary origin, rejuvenated as normal faults. Neogene compressive tectonics marked S Sumatran back-arc basin development a.o. inducing inversion along WNW-ESE faults. NW-SE (Barisan or Semangko) trend offsets WNW-ESE trend and presently active strike-slip fault zone at crestal parts of Barisan Mountain Range) Pulunggono, A., C.I. Abdullah, D. Noeradi, E. Suparka, Djuhaeni & L. Samuel (1999)- Sumatran megashears; Their crucial role in (Tertiary) sedimentary basin development. In: FOSI 1st Regional Seminar: Tectonics and sedimentation of SE Asia, Bandung 1999. (Abstract only?) Purucker, M. & T. Ishihara (2005)- Magnetic images of the Sumatra region crust. EOS 86, 10, p. (Magnetic images near Great Sumatra earthquake. Along fault rupture magnetic crustal thicknesses increase to E and NE. Island arc and subducting slab are magnetic, and subducting slab is diving into mantle at steep angle, increasing magnetic thickness. Between Singapore and S coast Borneo, a previously unrecognized first-


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order feature parallels active subduction zone. Like present subduction zone, it is characterized by 2-3 fold increase in magnetic thickness in NE direction, probably reflecting past history of subduction in region) Purwaningsih, M.E.M., B. Mujihardi, L. Prasetya, W.A. Suseno & Y. Sutadiwirya (2006)- Structural evolution of the Jambi Sub-Basin: a rotated strike-slip mechanism. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-OT-60, 6p. (Extended Abstract) (Structural evolution of Jambi sub-basin three orders. Jambi sub-basin block rotation of 45° clockwise relative to Great Sumatra strike slip fault) Purwanti, Y., A. Bachtiar & A. Balfas (2003)- Petrophysics and organic geochemistry of basement section in Malacca Strait area. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. IAGI and 28th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Jakarta, 6p. (Basement in N-S trending Bengkalis Trough in Malacca Strait mainly meta-sediments and limestone in N, quartzite and mudstone in S. Hydrocarbon shows in some parts. TOC of basement shales from 0.11- 1.43%, Ro from 1.12- 4.33% (overmature). N area more mature than S. Tectonic uplift of block 2300' to 3850') Puspoputro, B. (1984)- Tinjauan atas hasil penyelidikan transiel di daerah kerja Pertamina. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 127-134. (An overview of results of a transect study of Pertamina exploration block) Putra, D.D. (1999)- Analysis of the possible reserve in Eq. Baturaja Limestone by applying the bungin Batu geological model; a case study on the West of East Ketaling Structure, Jambi. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 99-114. Putrohari, R.D. (1992)- MSDC-1: a gas discovery in the Malacca Strait PSC, Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 201-223. (MSDC-1 gas well on E margin of Bengkalis Trough, in pre-Sihapas objective. Structure Upper Oligocene inversion anticline. DC structure low relief hydrocarbon column exceeds mapped structural closure. Proposed geological model shows trapping mechanism partly stratigraphically controlled) Raguwanti, R., A. Sukotjo & B.W.H. Adibrata (2005)- Innovative approach using geostatistical inversion for carbonate reservoir characterization in Sopa Field, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 61-66. (Geostatistical inversion of thin carbonate reservoir of Baturaja Fm in Sopa Field, South Sumatra) Rahmat, J. & S. Oemar (1998)- Exploration opportunities in the Bengkulu frontier basin, West Sumatra, offshore Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 33rd Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, 2, Techn. Reports, p. 114-127. (Hydrocarbon potential potential of Bengkulu fore-arc basin proven by presence of Oligocene or E Miocene brown shales with good TOC, onshore oil seeps and offshore oil shows in wells. Potential reservoirs Baturaja and Parigi Fm equivalent carbonate buildups and E Miocene Talang Akar Fm equivalent sandstones. Temperature gradients in wells 2.8- 4.0 °C/ 100m) Rampino M.R. & S. Self (1992)- Volcanic winter and accelerated glaciation following the Toba super- eruption. Nature 359, 6390, p. 50-52. Rangin, C., X. Le Pichon & J. Lin (2007)- Docked or accreted Indian Ocean fracture ridges along the Sumatra subduction zone northern tip. AGU 2007 Fall Mtg., EOS Trans. Amer. Geoph. Un. 88, 52, Suppl, Abstract T31G-06 (Abstract only) Rashid, H., I.B. Sosrowidjojo & F.X. Widiarto (1998)- Musi Platform and Palembang High: a new look at the petroleum system. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.,1, p. 265-276. (Musi Platform and Palembang High in S Sumatra important exploration targets. Source rocks Lahat/ Lemat Fm Paleogene lacustrine shales and fluvio-deltaic to marginal marine Talang Akar shales- coals. Three oil


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groups: marine, lacustrine, deltaic. Palembang High oils fluvial-deltaic, probably mix of two oils from S and N Palembang High. Marine carbonate oil in condensate from Pre-Tertiary Basement fracture in Musi Platform) Ratman, N. & G.P. Robinson (1999)- Umur batuan sedimen meta dan batugamping Mesozoikum di daerah Tembesi, Jambi, Sumatera Bagian Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral 9, 89, p. 2-9. ('Age of Mesozoic metasediments and limestones in the Tembesi area, S Sumatra') Reaves, C.M. (1996)- Variations in sour gas concentrations in the NSB 'A' Field, Offshore North Sumatra. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 453-464. (NSB 'A' field gas H2S content <0.5% to over 5%. CO2 also variable. Variations in sour gas concentrations controlled by production of gas from formation water) Reaves, C.M. & A. Sulaeman (1994)- Empirical models for predicting CO2 concentrations in North Sumatra. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 33-43. (Up to 95% CO2 in N Sumatra gases, primarily from inorganic sources. Empirical models developed which utilize reservoir lithology, temperature and pressure to calculate CO2 concentrations. Principal mechanism controlling CO2 in clastic reservoirs is interaction of silicate transformations and carbonate dissolution. Carbonate reservoirs exposed to significant up dip fluid flow will possess CO2 concentrations representative of base or entry point of regional flow system) Redfern , J. (1998)- The deep gas potential of the Batu Raja Formation in South Sumatra. a case history: the Singa gas discovery. Warta Geologi 24, 6, p. 303-310. Riadhy, S., A. Ascaria, D. Martono, A. Sukotjo et al. (2000)- Carbonate play concept in Sopa and surrounding areas: an alternative model for hydrocarbon occurrence, Musi Platform, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. , p. 145-157. (Reefal facies in carbonate plays usually good reservoir, but in Musi Platform Sopa carbonate complex platform and reefal facies relatively tight with mainly isolated biomoldic porosity without fractures. In contrast, prograding carbonate clastic facies 15- 25% chalky porosity and 300-2000 mD permeability) Riadhy, S. & A. Gutomo (1993)- Notes: "Basal Sandstone", existence and hydrocarbon potential in the North Sumatra Basin, a case study in Batang Sarangan, Langkat and Gebang Areas. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 265-284. (Prospectivity of Eocene-Oligocene ‘Basal Sandstone’ alluvial and fluvial deposits in lows. Two kinds: syn-rift (Batang Sarangan Type) and post-rift deposits (Langkat-Gebang Type). Riadhy, S., C. Ismi & S. Iriani (1998)- North Sumatra's Middle Miocene reservoir prediction and characterization using sequence stratigraphy, 2D seismic inversion and 3D seismic data. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 239-250. (Lower and Middle Baong sandstones M Miocene age. Lower Baong sourced from Malacca Platform in N, interpreted as highstand- shelf margin-system tract, prograding S. Shift in sediment supply to S (Barisan) and drop of sea level drop resulted in deposition of M Baong lowstand unit in S of area. Differences of two sand members clearly defined from seismic model, sand provenance and well correlation. Prograding shelf margin is less attractive exploration target due to thinner sand thickness in poor quality reservoirs. Lowstand produced medium thickness, good quality sand reservoirs) Riadhy, S., Medianto B.S. & S. Fajari (1996)- Aplikasi stratigrafi sekuen pada Formasi Belumai- Peutau- AruLangkat, Cekungan Sumatra Utara. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 275-293. ('Application of sequence stratigraphy on the Belumai- Peutau- Aru- Langkat Fms, N Sumatra basin') Riadhy, S. & A. Sulaeman (1995)- The Baong reservoir distribution prediction using sequence stratigraphy analysis: a regional study in north Sumatra Basin. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 581.


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Richmond, W.C., H. Dwidjojuwono, A. Tastari & B. Toha (2002)- Reservoir compartmentalization: an integrated evaluation of supermature Minas oil field, Central Sumatra. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 137-156. (Minas oil field produced more than four billion barrels of oil since early 1950’s. NW-SE trending anticline. Main producing reservoirs, originally thought to be regionally continuous fluvial/deltaic sands, are commonly compartmentalized, primarily due to complex stratigraphic and structural setting, with some post-depositional diagenetic processes. Detailed depositional framework constructed using 1430 wells. Sequence stratigraphic framework of E Miocene Bekasap Fm reservoir 11 regionally correlatable flooding surfaces and five sequence boundaries in overall regressive-transgressive package) Robinson, K.M. & A. Kamal (1988)- Hydrocarbon generation, migration and entrapment in the Kampar Block, Central Sumatra. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 211-256. (Kampar Block 3 oil types. Majority of oils in fields along Merbau and Lirik Trends plus Pekan and Binio Fields, sourced from deep lacustrine, non-marine algal Kelesa shales. Panduk and N Merbau probably sourced from lake edge, mainly terrestrial/minor algal Kelesa shales. Parum Field probably sourced from Kelesa or, Lakat coals and coaly shales. Generation of oils over narrow maturity range of Ro = 0.55- 0.64%. Lacustrine Kelesa shale source rock in deepest parts of S Bengkalis half graben. Lateral extent mapped by palaeogeography of pre-29 mybp sequence. Source rock mature and in main to late phase of oil generation. Onset of major oil generation in Plio-Pleistocene, probably due to increase in heat flow. Distribution of oil fields fault controlled. Migration distance small (2-10 km). Quantification of oil charge to prospects/Fields along Lirik and Merbau Trends indicate Kelesa source can easily account for oil found in Block to date) Rock, N.M.S., D.T. Aldiss, J.A. Aspden, M.C.G. Clarke, A. Djunuddin et al. (1983)- The geology of the Lubuksikaping Quadrangle, Sumatra (Quadrangle 0716) 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 60p. Rock, N.M.S., H.H. Syah, A.E. Davis, D. Hutchison M.T. Styles & R. Lena (1982)- Permian to Recent volcanism in northern Sumatra, Indonesia: a preliminary study of its distribution, chemistry and peculiarities. Bull. Volcanologique 45, 2, p. 127-152. (Sumatra has been volcanic arc above NE-dipping subduction zone since Late Permian. Main volcanic episodes N of Equator: Late Permian, Late Mesozoic, Paleogene, Miocene and Quaternary. Late Permian volcanic rocks are altered porphyritic basic lavas interstratified with limestones and phyllites. Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks widely distributed along and W of Sumatra Fault System, include ophiolite-related spilites, andesites and basalts. Miocene volcanic rocks widely distributed along W coast. Quaternary volcanism is irregular and anomalous in relation to S Sumatra and adjacent Java-Bali) Rodriguez, N.D. & R.P. Philp (2012)- Productivity and paleoclimatic controls on source rock character in the Aman Trough, north central Sumatra, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 45, p. 18-28. (C Sumatra Basin oil sourced from Brown Shale Fm of Pematang Gp.. Oils in Aman Trough, variable molecular and isotopic compositions, reflecting lateral facies variations in source rock. Source rock deposited in fresh to brackish water stratified lake with CO2 limiting conditions. Isotopic data indicate changes in paleoclimatic conditions, possibly associated with Eocene-Oligocene paleoclimatic transition) Roemer, F. (1880)- Uber eine Kohlenkalk-fauna der Westkuste von Sumatra. Palaeontographica 27, p. 1-11. ('On a 'coal-limestone' (=Carboniferous) fauna from the West coast of Sumatra'. Same as Roemer 1981, below) Roemer, F. (1881)- Uber eine Kohlenkalk-fauna der Westkuste von Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 10 (1881), 1, p. 289-305. ('On a 'coal-limestone' (=Carboniferous) fauna from the West coast of Sumatra'. First description of dark grey, limestone from near Padang, W Sumatra, with striking resemblance to Upper Carboniferous ‘Kohlenkalk’ of NW Europe. Contains fusulinids, brachiopods (incl. Productus sumatrensis n.sp.), crinoids, nautiloids, gastropods and a trilobite (incl. Phillipsia sumatrensis n.sp.)) Roezin, S. (1974)- The discovery and development of Petapahan Oil Field, Central Sumatra. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 111-127.


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(Petapahan 1971 oil discovery 60km W of Pekanbaru in Lower Miocene Sihapas Group. Young NW-SE trending anticline) Rory, R. (1990)- Geology of the South Lho Sukon 'A' Field, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 1-40. (South Lho Sukon 'A' 1972 gas discovery,~35 km SE of Arun. Reservoir E-M Miocene Peutu Fm reefal buildup, overlain by M Miocene Baong shales. Overlying rocks mildly folded and faulted during the Barisan orogeny in Plio-Pleistocene. As at Arun, reservoir limestones deposited in reef, near-reef and "lagoonal" environments in E- M Miocene. Average porosity 8-15% ) Rose, R. (1983)- Miocene carbonate rocks of Sibolga Basin, Northwest Sumatra. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 107-125. (1970’s Union Oil exploration of Sibolga forearc basin discovered gas in six localities, five in carbonate reservoirs. Moderately deformed Neogene 1000’-15,000’ thick over folded Paleogene sediments and volcanics. Miocene carbonates primarily beneath present-day shelf on E side of basin. Oldest unit in N is M Miocene, possibly E Miocene shelf limestone with reefs, overlain by deepwater clay-mudstone-siltstone, then U Miocene shelf carbonate-clastics with reefs. In S carbonate deposition late M Miocene- Late Miocene, with fewer reefs than to N. Methane gas in U Miocene in Keudepasi 1 and Singkel 1 wells, both in reefal deposits) Rose, W.I. & C.A. Chesner (1987)- Dispersal of ash in the great Toba eruption, 75 ka. Geology 15, p. 913-917. Rose, W.I. & C.A. Chesner (1990)- Worldwide dispersal of ash and gases from earth's largest known eruption: Toba, Sumatra, 75 ka. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 89, 3, p. 269-275. (Eruption of Youngest Toba Tuffat ~75 ka in N Sumatra produced >2800 km3 of dense rock equivalent rhyolite magma. Much of volume preserved as non-welded outflow sheet covering 20,000-30,000 km2 and thick, welded intracaldera tuff. At least 800 km3 of Toba ash deposited in ash blanket over Indian Ocean and S Asia. Masses of ash and gases released nearly two orders of magnitude higher than any known historic eruption) Rozalli, M., A. Putra, A. Bachtiar, P.A. Suandhi, W. Utomo & A. Budiman (2012)- New insights into the petroleum geology of the Mountain Front area, Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA12-G-178, p. 1-15. (Mountain front area on S margin of Central Sumatra Basin no proven petroleum system) Rozeboom, J.J. (1961)- Paleontologic methods of correlation in Central Sumatra. Contr. Dept. Geol. Inst. Techn. Bandung 46, 13p (Brief Caltex paper on Central Sumatra basin stratigraphy and micropaleontology) Rosidi, H.M.D, Tjokrosaputro & B. Pendowo (1975)- Geologic map of the Painan and northeastern part of the Muarasiberut Quadrangles, Sumatra(5/VIII), 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 10 p. + map Rusli, B., M.A. Arham, E. Wijayanti & A. Ridlo (2010)- Acceleration of thin oil rim development of Fariz Field. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-E-029 7 p. (Small S Sumatra Fariz Field 2004 Medco discovery 3 km E of Soka. with 250' gas cap, surrounded by 80' oil rim in Baturaja limestone and Talang Akar Fm conglomerate) Rustanto, B. & E. Hartono (1991)- Sekuen pengendapan dan ”systems tracts” Formasi Belumai daerah AruLangkat, cekungan Sumatra Utara. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 237-260. (Sequence stratigraphy in Belumai Fm, Aru-Langkat area, N Sumatra) Rustanto, B. & E. Hartono (1991)- Sekuen pengendapan dan “systems tract” Formasi Belumai daerah Aru dan Langkat Cekungan Sumatera Utara. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol., p. 237 - 260. Rutimeyer, L. (1874)- Bemerkungen zu den fossilen Fischen aus Sumatra. Abhand. Schweiz. Pal. Ges. 1, p. 2026.


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('Remarks on fossil fishes from Sumatra'. Description of fish fossils from Eocene lacustrine deposits of Ombilin Basin, collected by Verbeek in 1874. Associated with plants described by Heer 1874. Fish fauna re-described by Sanders 1934) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- Sumatra, Chapters 24-31. In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 343-497. (1927 review of geology of Sumatra in Rutten's classic lecture series) Ruttner, F. (1935)- Kieselgur und andere lakustrische Sedimente im Tobagebiet. Archiv. Hydrobiologie, Suppl. vol. 13, Tropische Binnengewasser, 5, p. 399-461. ('Diatomite and other lacustrine sediments in the Toba area'. Quaternary lake sediments in Lake Toba area, N Sumatra. See also Van der Marel 1947) Ryacudu, R. (2005)- Studi endapan syn-rift Paleogen di cekungan Sumatra Selatan. Thesis Institut Teknologi Bandung ITB, p. (Unpublished) (Study of Paleogene syn-rift deposits in the South Sumatra basin') Ryacudu, R. (2008)- Neogene tinjauan stratigrafi Paleogen Cekungan Sumatra Selatan. In: Sumatra stratigraphy workshop, Duri (Riau) 2005, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 99-114. (Stratigraphic nomenclature of Paleogene in S Sumatra basin. Clasified as pre-rift (Pre-Tertiary and Kikim Fm), syn-rift (Benakat and Lemat Fms of Lahat Group) and post-rift (Tanjungbaru and Talang Akar Fms.) Ryacudu, R., R. Djaafar & A. Gutomo (1992)- Wrench faulting and its implication for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuala Simpang Area- North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 93-116. Ryacudu, R. & E. Sjahbudin (1994)- Tampur Formation, the forgotten objective in North Sumatra basin ? Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 160-179. (Tampur Fm Late Eocene shelf carbonate on Tampur Platform. W margin of shelf marked by N-S LokopKutacane Fault zone. E of fault zone, reefal buildups on shelf edge. Dolomitisation may have resulted in reservoir rocks. Formed on basin highs, adjacent to shale-rich troughs. Shales mature since Miocene. Significant gas from Tampur Fm under Peutu carbonates at Alur Siwah, Peulalu and from beneath Malacca Limestone Mb reefs offshore. Strong gas shows also in Sembilan-A1 well in Aru onshore area) Sagita, R., Q.S. Chandra, M. Chalik, R. Achdiat, R. Waworntu & J. Guttormsen (2008)- Reservoir characterization of complex basement- Dayung. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-208, 12p. (Dayung Field 1991 discovery in Corridor Block, S Sumatra, with 11 wells drilled, and with >600 m gas column in fractured Lower Tertiary and basement reservoirs. Basement is Permian Leko Limestone intruded by Jurassic (~170- 205 Ma Argon ages) granitic complex. Also influenced by violent hydrothermal event intruding granite and dated at 17 Ma.) Saifuddin, F. et al. (2001)- Acoustic impedence as a tool to identify reservoir targets: a case study of the NE Betara-11 horizontal well, Jabung Block, South Sumatra. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 135-152. Saito, K. et al, (1985) Sand body correlation in deltaic setting, East Ketaling Field. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 499-515. Salisbury, M.J., J.R. Patton, A.J.R. Kent, C. Goldfinger, Y. Djadjadihardja & U. Hanifa (2012)- Deep-sea ash layers reveal evidence for large, late Pleistocene and Holocene explosive activity from Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Volcan. Geothermal Res. 231-232, p. 61-71. (Tephra ash layers in deep-sea sediment cores from Sunda trench area off Sumatra reveal evidence for five previously undocumented, large explosive eruptions over last ~31,000 years, presumably from Sumatra)


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Samuel, M.A. (1994)- The structural and stratigraphic evolution of islands of the active margin of the Sumatra forearc, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of London, 345 p. Samuel, M.A. & N. Harbury (1995)- Basin development and uplift at an oblique-slip convergent margin: Nias Island, Indonesia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, Southeast Asian basins: oil and gas for the 21st century, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 101-116. Samuel, M.A. & N.A. Harbury (1996)- The Mentawai fault zone and deformation of the Sumatran forearc in the Nias area. In: R. Hall and D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 106, p. 337-351. (Sumatran Forearc not behaving as a rigid plate and that rate of slip increases along the right-lateral Sumatran Fault System from southeast to northwest. Two hypotheses to explain this pattern of decoupling: (1)arc-parallel stretching;(2) major right-lateral strike slip zone, parallel to Sumatran Fault System (Mentawai fault zone). Mentawai fault zone S of Nias can be explained as inversion of originally extensional structures and mud diapirism. Strike-slip motion is of limited importance along 600 km long Mentawai fault zone) Samuel, M.A., N.A. Harbury, A. Bakri, F.T. Banner & L. Hartono (1997)- A new stratigraphy for the islands of the Sumatran Forearc, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 15, 4-5, p. 339-380. Samuel, M.A., N.A. Harbury, M.E. Jones & S. J. Matthews (1995)- Inversion-controlled of an outer-arc ridge: Nias Island, offshore Sumatra. In: J.H. & P.G. Buchanan (eds.) Basin Inversion, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 88, p. 473-492. (Three main sub-basins on Nias. Late Paleogene-Neogene sedimentation controlled by r extensional faults. Two inversion phases: (1) E Miocene, in W, (2 ) initiated in Pliocene, in all sub-basins. Latest Pliocene-Pleistocene rocks unconformably overlie Miocene. Uplift and deformation controlled by reactivation of extensional faults and oblique-slip movements on transecting faults. Diapiric melanges developed during inversion. Uplift of subbasins on Nias inversion of original major extensional faults rather than thrust-slices in accretionary prism. Nias not part of accretionary complex; accretionary prism SW of Nias) Sanders, M. (1934)- Die fossilen Fische der Alttertiaren Susswasser Ablagerungen aus Mittel-Sumatra. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. en Kol., Geol. Ser. 11, 1, p. 1-144. (also Thesis University of Amsterdam, 142p.) ('The fossil fishes from Early Tertiary fresh water deposits from Central Sumatra'. Description of wellpreserved Eocene fresh-water fish fossils from bituminous marly shales, first discovered by Verbeek in 1874, with further collections by Musper in 1927 from S. Sipang, Ombilin basin, Padang Highlands. Includes 7 species of cyprinid fish, mainly extant species. Associated with plant fossils described by Heer 1874 and a water bird described by Lambrecht 1931) Santoso, B. & B. Daulay (2005)- Vitrinite reflectance of Ombilin coal according to its petrographic analysis. Indon. Mining J. 8, 1, p. 9-20. Santoso, B. & B. Daulay (2006)- Coalification trend in South Sumatera basin. Indon. Mining J. 9, 6, p. 9-21. Santoso, D., W.G.A. Kadir & S. Alawiyah (2000)- Delineation of reservoir boundary using AVO analysis. Exploration Geophysics 31, 2, p. 409- 412. (N Sumatra Basin M Miocene Keutapang Fm sandstones- shale deposited in coastal environment, 500-1300 m thick. Top of porous sandstone reservoir zone is AVO anomaly, so can be used for delineation of reservoir) Santoso, D., S. Sukmono & H. Setyadi (1994)- The characteristics of Neogene sediments and structure in Siberuang area (Central Sumatra Indonesia) based on gravity data. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 471-478.


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Santy, L.B. (2001)- Structural evolution of the North Bengkalis Trough, Malacca Straits, Central Sumatra Basin and its implication in creating traps for hydrocarbon accumulation. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 739-747. (N Bengkalis Trough in Malacca Straits PSC. Exploration targets footwall traps of Padang Fault. Structural reconstruction shows four periods: (1) extension (Pematang time, Eocene -Oligocene?), creating N-S trending half graben in which Pematang Brown Shale source rock was deposited; (2) First compression (MenggalaSihapas time, U Oligocene -E Miocene) NW- SE dextral strike-slip fault zone. Structural growth continued until Lower Sihapas time (3) Tectonic quiescence (Telisa time, E-M Miocene); (4) Second compression (M MiocenePliocene) Saputra, H.N. & B. Sapiie (2005)- Analogue study of basement fractured reservoirs in Kotopanjang Area, Central Sumatra. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 53- 60. Sardjito, E.F., Djumlati & S. Hansen (1991)- Hydrocarbon prospect of Pre Tertiary basement in Kuang Area, South Sumatra. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 255-277. (Kuang area ~40 km S of Prabumulih, well known oil and gas producing area. Hydrocarbons structurally trapped in Baturaja and Talang Akar Fms. ASD-1 well proved hydrocarbons also in Pre-Tertiary fractured granodiorite and quartzite basement) Sarjono, S. & Sardjito (1989)- Hydrocarbon source rock identification in the South Palembang Sub-basin. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 424-467. Sartono, S. & H. Murwanto (1990)- Kompleks melange di Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. Proc 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1988 p. 65. (Abstract only?) ('Melange complex in S Sumatra') Sartono, S. & R. Sinuraya (1985)- Kelompok Tapanuli di Sumatra Utara. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 193-204. ('The Tapanuli Group of North Sumatra') Sasajima, S, Y. Otofuji, K. Hirook, S. Suparka & F. Hehuwat (1978)- Paleomagnetic studies on Sumatra Island: on the possibility of Sumatra being part of Gondwanaland. Rock Magnetism Paleogeoph. 5, p. 104-110. (Haile 1981: clockwise rotation of Sumatra since Triassic) Sato, K. (1991)- K-Ar ages of granitoids in Central Sumatra, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan 42, p. 111-181. (online at: http://www.gsj.jp/Pub/Bull/vol_42/42-03_01.pdf) (K-Ar ages of 3 granitoid plutons in Barisan Mts, C Sumatra. Tourmaline-bearing biotite granite N of Sijunjung dated at 247 Ma， which may tie to Permian-Triassic tin granites of E Belt of Malay Peninsula． Two Late Cretaceous-Paleocene granodiorite-tonalites near Sumatran Fault zone: Lassi pluton E of Solok (56 Ma) and Padangpanjang pluton S of Bukittinggi 64Ma. Petrography different from Late Cretaceous Hatapang pluton in N Sumatra (with tin-tungsten mineralization; 78-81 Ma age) Satrio, B. & Soejanto (1994)- Asih Field discovery: detailed structural reevalution along a wrench fault system in the Central Sumatra Basin, an exploration opportunity in a mature area. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1039-1049. Sayentika, Syafruddin & B. Sapiie (2003)- Eocene-Middle Miocene structural reconstruction of the Duri Anticline, Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-11. (At least four structural events in C Sumatra Basin: Pre-Tertiary basement development, Eocene-Oligocene rifting, M Miocene strike-slip and M Miocene-Recent compression. Duri Anticline reconstruction using flattened seismic lines) Schlueter, H.U., C. Gaedicke, H.A. Roeser, B. Schreckenberger, H. Meyer, C. Reichert et al. (2002)- Tectonic features of the Sumatra-Java forearc of Indonesia. Tectonics 21, 5, p. 1047-1062.


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(Sunda Arc off S. Sumatra-E Java two accretionary wedges: inner wedge I Late Oligocene tectonic flakes and Neogene-Recent outer wedge II. Wedge I forms outer arc high and backstop for outer wedge II. Missing outer arc high of S Sunda Strait explained by Neogene transtension due to clockwise rotation of Sumatra and arcparallel strike-slip movements. Rotation created pull-apart basins along W Sunda Strait (Semangka Graben) and transpression and inversion on E Sunda Strait in Krakatau Basin. Sumatra FZ probably attached to Java Cimandiri-Pelabuhan Ratu strike-slip fault prior to Sumatra rotation) Schmidt, C. (1901)- Observations geologiques a Sumatra et a Borneo. Bull. Soc. Geol. France IV, 1, p. 260267. (‘Geological observations on Sumatra and Borneo’. Summary description of Sumatra and Borneo geology, with cross sections through Bangka and south Sumatra) Schouten, C. (1928)- Mineragrafisch onderzoek van goudertsen van Lebong Bahroe en Tandaiberg (Mijnbouwmaatschappij Simau, Sumatra). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Mijnbouwk. Ser. 2, 4, p. 161-233. (Minerographic study of gold ores from Lebong Baru and Tandaiberg (Mining company Simau, Sumatra)'. Miscroscopic study of gold, silver and copper minerals from hydrothermal veins associated with andesites from Lebong Baru and Lebong Tandai, complex, NE of Bengkulu, C Sumatra) Schurmann, H.M.E. (1922)- Over de Neogene synclinaal van Zuid Sumatra en het ontstaan van bruinkool. De Mijningenieur 3, 5, p. 67-70. en 6, p. 77-81. (‘On the Neogene syncline of South Sumatra and the development of lignites’) Schurmann, H.M.E. (1923)- Uber die Neogene Geosynclinale von Sud-Sumatra und das Erstehen der Braunkohle. Geol. Rundschau 14, p. 239-252. (‘On the Neogene syncline of South Sumatra and the development of lignite’. German version of 1922 Dutch paper) Schurmann, H.M.E. (1929)- Ofiolieten en abyssieten in Noord Sumatra. De Mijningenieur 10, 11, p. 235-237. (‘Ophiolites and abyssal rocks in North Sumatra’. In Barisan Mts area between Tangse and Geumpang, Aceh. Ocean crust assemblage of serpentinites and gabbro associated with red siliceous shales and radiolarites) Schurmann, H.M.E. (1930)- Geologische notities uit de Batak landen, Noord Sumatra. De Mijningenieur 11, 10, p. 197-200. (‘Geologic notes from the Batak territories, N Sumatra’. Paleogene outcrops in several areas. Pre-Eocene rocks in Wilhelmina mountains) Schwartz, M.O. & Surjono (1990)- Sungai Isahan- a new primary tin occurrence in Sumatra. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 26, p. 181-188. (New primary tin occurrence at Sg Isahan has cassiterite mineralization in hydrothermally altered muscovite granite. Radiometric age (193, 197 Ma= earliest Jurassic; HvG) and tectonic position suggests correlation with Main Range of Peninsular Malaysia) Sebrier M., S. Pramumijoyo & O. Bellier (1993)- Miocene to Recent kinematic evolution around the Sunda Strait and southern end of the great Sumatra Fault: microtectonic approach. 10th Ann. French Indonesian Cooperation in Oceanography, Jakarta, p. 37-40. Setiawan, H., P.S. Widiantoro, Hendarman & M. Primaryanta (2012)- Success story with low resistivity sand in an exploration block, western edge of Central Sumatran Basin. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-095, p.1-8. (Three exploration wells at W edge C Sumatra Basin tested oil up to 3000 BOPD of 44 API oil in E Miocene Lower Sihapas Fm sandstones. Low resistivity (6-8 Ohm m). Resistivity of Sihapas oil sands lower than older U Pematang water sands, probably result of clay minerals in dispersed and laminated shale)


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Setijadji, L.D. (2009)- Overview of the metallogeny of Sumatera. MGEI Bull. 1, p. Setyobudi, E.B. (1982)- Batupasir Binio; lapisan pengandung gas dangkal di lapangan minyak Merbau (Riau). Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 145-154. ('Binio sand: shallow gas trap in the Merbau oil field') Setyobudi, E.B. & Solichin (1996)- Study of oil migration and remigration in the Southern Kampar Block, Central Sumatra. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-14. (Small Paleogene Binio sub-graben between Lirik and Binio Fields likely source kitchen for Binio, Pekan and Lirik Trend Fields. Sub-graben part of larger Bengkalis Trough. Major oil generation between ~10-8 Ma, when Binio- Lirik Trend structures not yet formed. Hydrocarbons filled nearby paleo-structures, until PlioPleistocene inversion tectonics caused spillage to present-day traps. Remaining exploration potential in subtle folds in migration and remigration pathways) Setyowiyoto, J. (1998)- Sedimentology of the Lower Sihapas Formation identified on conventional core data, Bengkalis Trough. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 146-158. Shaw, J.H., S.C. Hook & E.P. Sitohanh (1997)- Extensional fault-bend folding and synrift deposition: an example from the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 81, 3, p. 367-379. (Geometry and structural history of Paleogene half-grabens) Shell Mijnbouw (1978)- Geological map of the South Sumatra coal province, 1:250,000. (Unpublished) Sibuet, J.C., C. Rangin, X. Le Pichon, S.C. Singh, A. Cattaneo, D. Graindorge, F. Klingelhoefer, J.Y. Lin, J. Malod et al (2007)- 26th December 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake: seismogenic zone and active splay faults. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 263, p. 88-103. Sieh, K. & D. Natawidjaja (2000)- Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res. 105, p. 28,295-28,326. Siemers, C.T. & R.A. Lorentz (1992)- Sedimentological/petrological analysis of reservoir units within the fluvial/estuarine/marine depositional complex of the Talang Akar Formation (Oligocene), Bentayan Field, South Sumatra, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015. (Abstract only) (Bantayan field NW trending anticlinal structure on NE flank of S Sumatra basin.1932 discovery in upper Talang Akar sandstones. Up to 12 potentially productive sandstone units. Six main fluvialshallow marine reservoir intervals, of variable quality. Stacked fluvial channel braidplain deposits are only ones with good reservoir potential; channel-fills tend to merge into well-connected braidplain type reservoir system) Silitonga, P.H. & D. Kastowo (1975)- Geologic map of the Solok Quadrangle, Sumatra (5/VIII) 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 8p. + map Silvestri, A. (1925)- Sur quelques foraminiferes et pseudoforaminiferes de Sumatra. Verhand. Geol.Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 449-458. ('On some foraminifera and pseudoforaminifera from Sumatra'. Foraminifera from Cretaceous limestones from Sungi Tuo (Korinci, Jambi) with Choffatella (= Pseudocyclammina; Yabe 1943) and Gumai Mts Saling series with Lacazina (=Loftusia)) Silvestri, A. (1932)- Revisione di foraminiferi preterziarii del Sud-Ouest di Sumatra. Riv. Ital. Pal. 38, p. 75107. ('Revision of Pre-Tertiary foraminifera from SE Sumatra'. Cretaceous foraminifera from SE Sumatra described by Silvestri (1925) as Choffatella should be assigned to Pseudocyclammina Yabe and Hanzawa and Lacazina lamellifera is a Loftusia)


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Simanjuntak, T.O., Surono, S. Gafoer & T.C. Amin (1991)- Geological map of the Muara Bungo Quadrangle, Sumatera, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Jurassic K-Ar dates of 180 and 159 Ma from Tigapuluh and Duabelas Mts granites of South Sumatra, but may be reset of older granites; Pulunggono & Cameron 1984) Simoes, M., J. Avouac, R. Cattin & P. Henry (2004)- The Sumatra subduction zone: a case for a locked fault zone extending into the mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 109, B10, B10402, 16p. (Subduction interface locked between large interplate earthquakes (locked fault zone, LFZ), postulated to not extend into mantle because serpentinization of mantle wedge favors aseismic sliding. Uplift rates from coral growth and GPS indicate LFZ extends ~132 km from trench, to 35-57 km depth. LFZ extends below forearc Moho, estimated at ~30 km depth, 110 km from trench, probably into mantle) Singh, S.C., H. Carton, P. Tapponier, N.D. Hananto, A.P.S. Chauhan et al. (2008)-. Seismic evidence for broken oceanic crust in the 2004 Sumatra earthquake epicentral region. Nature Geosc. 1, p. 777-781. (Sumatra 2004 earthquake caused by sudden slip along plate interface between subducting Indo-Australian plate and overriding Sunda plate. Deep seismic section of focal region reveals subducting crust and oceanic Moho are broken and displaced by landward-dipping thrust ramps, suggesting megathrust now lies in oceanic mantle. Active thrust faults at front of accretionary wedgeconsistent with thrust aftershocks on steeply dipping planes. Brittle failure of mantle rocks accounts for initiation of exceptionally large earthquake) Singh, S.C., N.D. Hananto & A.P.S. Chauhan (2011)- Enhanced reflectivity of backthrusts in the recent great Sumatran earthquake rupture zones, Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L04302, p. 1-5. Singh, S.C., N.D. Hananto, A.P.S. Chauhan, H. Permana, M. Denolle, A. Hendriyana & D. Natawidjaja (2010)Evidence of active backthrusting at the NE margin of Mentawai Islands, SW Sumatra. Geoph. J. Int. 180, 2, p. 703-714. (Onshore Great Sumatra Fault takes up significant part of strike-slip motion of oblique subduction of IndoAustralian plate beneath Sunda plate, but offshoreMentawai Fault characterized by active SW dipping backthrusts) Singh, S.C., N. Hananto, M. Mukti, H. Permana, Y. Djajadihardja & H. Harjono (2011)- Seismic images of the megathrust rupture during the 25th October 2010 Pagai earthquake, SW Sumatra: Frontal rupture and large tsunami, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16313, p. 1-6. Singh, S.C., N.D. Hananto, M. Mukti, D.P. Robinson, S. Das, A. Chauhan, H. Carton, B. Gratacos, S. Midnet, Y. Djajadihardja & H. Harjono (2011)- Aseismic zone and earthquake segmentation associated with a deep subducted seamount in Sumatra. Nature Geoscience 4, p. 308-311. (Imaging of subducted seamount 3-4 km high and 40 km wide at 30–40 km below Sumatra forearc mantle. Seamount remained intact despite >160 km of subduction, and no seismic activity above or below seamount. Coupling between seamount and overriding plate appears weak and aseismic. Subduction of such a topographic feature could lead to segmentation of subduction zone) Siregar, B.S.A., Y.A. Nagarani, S.H. Sinaga & K.P. Laya (2008)- Paleogeographic & paleoenvironment reconstruction of Tertiary Leman coal-bearing formation, Bengkulu Basin. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 399-409. (Mid-Miocene coal-bearing Lemau Fm in Bengkulu Fore-Arc Basin. Lower Lemau Fm sapropelic coals (durite dominated) forming lenses and thin beds in massive claystone. Upper Lemau Fm humic coals with thicker seams (>2m and significant lateral extent; dominated by vitrites and klarites; marshes on coastal plain). Paleogeographic reconstruction shows rapid shoreline progradation) Sitompul, N., Rudiyanto, A. Wirawan & Y. Zaim (1992)- Effects of sea level drops during Late Early Miocene to the reservoirs in South Palembang sub Basin, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 309-324.


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(Late Early Miocene sea level drops form sequence boundaries in late N6 and late N7. SB in Late N6 in Lower Talang Akar Fm, forming thick sand bodies which could be reservoirs. Late N7 sea level drop produced secondary porosity for carbonate reservoirs) Situmeang & P.R. Davies (1986)- A geochemical study of Asamera’s Block ‘A’ Production Sharing Contract, North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 321-340. (N Sumatra Block "A" with 11 commercial oil fields, which produced over 100 MBO, and one non-commercial gas field at Alur Siwah. In E part of block kerogen characterized by abundant land-derived organic material, while marine sapropelic organic matter increases to W, suggesting influx of land- derived organic matter from eastern land mass in area of Malacca Straits. Oils from Keutapang and Seureula Fm reservoirs of six different fields typically non-waxy, paraffinic, with 49.2° - 59°API gravities. Oils have common origin, probably fine grained marine sediments of M-L Miocene Baong Fm) Situmeang, S.P., C.W. Zeliff & R.A. Lorents (1992)- Characterization of low relief carbonate banks, Baturaja Formation, Ramba A and B pools, South Sumatra, Indonesia. In: C.T. Siemers et al. (eds.) Carbonate rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia: a core workshop. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p 8.1 - 8.10. (Ramba Field produced 60 MBO oi1 1982-1992 from A and B pools, separated by paleochannel. Best reservoir rocks coral-rich packstones- wackestones, with 16-18% porosity) Situmorang, B., N.A. Harbury & M.G. Audley-Charles (1987)- Tectonic inversions in the Sunda Forearc: evidence from Simeulue. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 57-63. (Cenozoic history of Simeulue, NW of Nias, includes Oligo-Miocene erosional unconformity. Repeated tectonic inversions may be related in part to transpression and transtension stresses generated by strike-slip motion interacting with sinuosities in trench and Sumatran fault system) Situmorang, B. & Soepatono (1975)- Results of petroleum exploration in the interdeep basin off West Sumatra Indonesia. Proc. 12th Sess. CCOP, p. 255-262. Situmorang, B., S Wijaya, M. Husen & B. Yulihanto (1990)- Analisis struktur geologi Pulau Nias. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 27-41. ('Analysis of the structure of Nias island') Situmorang, B. & B. Yulihanto (1985)- The role of strike slip faulting in structural development of the North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 21-38. (N Sumatra Basin development controlled by strike slip faulting. Several major N-S trending strike slip faults mainly with dextral movements formed in present back-arc region and arranged in en echelon pattern. Since then and until M Miocene, basin characterized by normal faulting. This episode corresponds to change in Indian Ocean spreading direction from N-S in E Paleogene to NE-SW. Convergence highly oblique in Late Miocene, producing compressive deformation and uplift. Compressional structures continuously affected sedimentary cover in Plio-Pleistocene due to strike slip faulting along Sumatran Fault system) Situmorang, B. & B. Yulihanto (2007)- Formation of pull-apart basin along transcurrent fault: lesson from Sumatera. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33,1, p. 29-48. (Two prominent NW-SE transcurrent fault zones in Sumatra: Sumatera FZ parallel to the axis of the Barisan Mountains and Mentawai FZ along E slope of fore-arc ridge. N of Nias, MFZ and SFZ are linked by Batee Fault. Transtentional basins in back-arc (N, C, S Sumatra, Ombilin) and fore-arc (Singkel, Pini in NW, Bose, Sipora grabens in Mentawai area and Pagarjati, Kedurang in Bengkulu to SE). Situmorang, B., B. Yulihanto, A. Guntur, R. Himawan & G. J. Jacob (1991)- Structural development of the Ombilin basin, West Sumatra. Proc. 20st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.p. 1-15. Situmorang, B., B. Yulihanto, S. Sofyan, J. F. Collins, R. Barton et al. (1994)- Geology of the petroliferous North Sumatra Basin. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Post Convention Field Trip, October 1994, p. 1-127.


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(Guidebook of 4-day fieldtrip to outcrops and oilfields of N Sumatra, traverse across NE Aceh, Arun gas field and Lake Toba area) Sjahbuddin, E. & R. Djaafar (1993)- Hydrocarbon source rock characteristics and the implications for hydrocarbon maturation in the North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv., 1, p. 509-532. (Crude oils from Rantau, Aru and Langkat-Medan blocks very light condensates from source in reducing environment. Some difference in level of maturity) Skeels, D.D. & G.W. Cooper (1985)- North Sumatra, including centenary visit to Telaga Said Field. Guidebook 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Post Convention Fieldtrip, p. 1-10, 27a-108. Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1932)- The Tertiary virgations on Java and Sumatra, their relation and origin. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 35, 4, p. 584- 593. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016261.pdf (On young anticlinal trends of Sumatra and Java) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1951)- On the origin and age of the peneplain of Palembang (Sumatra). Geol. Mijnbouw 13, p. 1-11. (On drainage sytem, fluvial terraces, etc., in SE Sumatra) Sobari, I., A. Manurung & N. Buyung (1992)- Bouguer anomaly map of the Bengkulu Quadrangle, Sumatera. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Soeparjadi, R.A. (1982)- Geology of the Arun gas field. Proc. Southeast Asia Petrol. Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX) 6, p. 1163-1171. (Same as paper below) Soeparjadi, R.A. (1983)- Geology of the Arun Gas Field. J. Petrol. Techn. 35, 6,, p. 1163-1172. (Arun gas field discovered in 1971 in Mobil Bee Block in Aceh, N Sumatra, W of Lho Sukon, 225 km NW of Medan. Condensate-rich gas in E-M Miocene reefal carbonates, Locally over 305 m thick. Carbonates on large N-S trending paleotopographic high. Trap mainly stratigraphic, porous reef facies capped by M-U Miocene Lower Baong Fm shales. Structure ~18.5 by 5.0 km large. Abnormally high pressure of 7,100 psig (49 MPa) and 178° C) at 10,000 '. Pay thickness averages ~152 m. In place reserves 16.2 TCF) Soeria-Atmadja, R. & D. Noeradi (2005)- Distribution of Early Tertiary volcanic rocks in South Sumatra and West Java. The Island Arc 14, 4, p. 679-686. (Three phases of Tertiary- Quaternary volcanism (1) Early Tertiary (43-33 Ma) flows of island arc tholeiites; (2) tholeiitic pillow basalt at beginning of Late Miocene (11 Ma); (3) Pliocene-Quaternary medium-K calcalkaline magmatism. Paleogene volcanic rocks wider distribution than recognized. Early investigators assumed continuation from S Sumatra- Java to S Kalimantan, but E Tertiary volcanics can be traced from Java S coast East as far as Flores) Soeryowibowo, M., T.L. Heidrick & E.G. Frost (1999)- Structural development of the Eo-Oligocene Tapung half-graben, Central Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 127-143. (Tapung half-graben of C Sumatra 25 km x 8 km. SW of giant Minas Field and viewed as S terminus of N-Strending Aman rift system. En echelon array of NNW-SSE striking border faults. Detachment of border fault <6.5 km, consistent with thickness of syn-depositional section (max. 1500 m) and β factor <12%. Development of Tapung half-graben similar to other C Sumatra half-grabens, with oblique extension commencing in Late Eocene and ceasing by Late Oligocene) Somantri, M. (2000)- Distribution of gamma-ray values and sulphur contents in relation with depositional environment of the coals in Bayunglincir coal area, South Sumatera. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 155-176.


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Sosromihardjo, S.P.C. (1988)- Structural analysis of the North Sumatra Basin- with emphasis on Synthetic Aperture Radar data. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 187-209. Sosrowidjojo, I.B. (2006)- Coalbed methane potential in the South Palembang Basin. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 06-CH-05, 5p. Sosrowidjojo, I.B., R. Alexander & R.I. Kagi (1994)- The biomarker composition of some crude oils from Sumatra. Organic Geochem. 21, p. 303-312. (Crude oils from N, C and S Sumatra basins analysed for biomarkers. Three types: (1) N Sumatra marine carbonate depositional setting (2) C Sumatra waxy crudes from brackish- lacustrine, and (3) light oil from N Sumatra and two oils from S Sumatra from deltaic/ nearshore depositional setting) Sosrowidjojo, I.B & F.X. Djatmiko (1997)- Petroleum system di Cekungan Sumatera Selatan, suatu kajian awal eksplorasi di sistem karbonat. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Hydrocarbons, p. 50-57. ('Petroleum system in the S Sumatr basin, some early exploration studies in the carbonate system') Sosrowidjojo, I.B., B. Setiardja, Zakaria, P.G. Kralert, R. Alexander & R.I. Kagi (1994)- A new geochemical method for assessing the maturity of petroleum: application to the South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 439-455. (Assessing maturity of petroleum and source rocks using vitrinite reflectance and conventional biomarker data can be problematic when source rocks subjected to rapid heating and contain abundant land plant remains or when crude oil has been biodegraded. New maturity indicator based upon reactions of cadalene proposed) Sosrowidjojo, I.B. & A. Saghafi (2009)- Development of the first coal seam gas exploration program in Indonesia: reservoir properties of the Muaraenim Formation, South Sumatra. Int. J. Coal Geol. 79, p. 145-156. (Late Miocene Muaraenim Fm thick, low rank coals (lignite to sub-bituminous) in twelve named horizons. Believed most prospective for CBM production in Indonesia. Five exploration wells in Rambutan Gas field to ~1000m depth. Five major coal seams between 450-1000 m. Coals vitrinite-rich (>75%). Gas contents in samples up to 5.8m3/t, mainly methane (CH4 80-93%, CO2 6 -19%). Gas released into production well richer in CH4 (94-98%). Suitable gas recovery parameters for three of five coal seams with total thickness of >30 m) Specht, T.D., T. Rahardjo, F.I. Frasse & P.B. Dobson (2000)- A comprehensive evaluation of the exploration potential of the Offshore Sibolga Area, West Coast Sumatra Island, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Bali 2000. (Abstract only) (Caltex Sibolga PSC in Mentawai Forearc Basin acquired in 1996. Water depths from onshore to >2000’; sediments up to ~20,000’ thick. Bordered by outer arc and Mesozoic-Paleozoic core and volcanic arc of Sumatra. Basin began to subside around 17 Ma and received nearly continuous Neogene sedimentation. Regional right-lateral strike-slip faults produced differences in structural and stratigraphic evolution between sub basins. Shallow burial depths limit size of biogenic accumulations and low heatflow suggests only limited thermogenic petroleum system). Stankiewicz, J., T. Ryberg, C. Haberland, Fauzi & D. Natawidjaja (2010)- Lake Toba volcano magma chamber imaged by ambient seismic noise tomography. Geoph. Res. Lett. 37, L17306, 5 p. (Ambient noise tomography used to image low-velocity body representing magma chamber under Quaternary Lake Toba caldera. Chamber complex 3-D geometry, with at least two separate sub-chambers. Deep low velocity body below 7 km depth SW of lake possibly another magma chamber. Sumatra Fault marks velocity contrast, but only down to 5 k) Stevens, S.H. & G.F. Moore (1985)- Deformational and sedimentary processes in trench slope basins of the western Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Marine Geol. 69, 1-2, p. 93-112. (Structure and stratigraphy of trench slope basins W of Nias Island) Stockmal G.S. (1983)- Modeling of large-scale accretionary wedge deformation. J. Geoph. Res. 88, B10, p. 8271-8287.


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(Physical modeling of accretionary wedge deformation, loosely based on C Sumatra forearc) Streiff, A. (1877)- Over petroleum van de afdeeling Lematang Ilir, Res. Palembang. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 37, p. 238-240. ('On petroleum of the Lematang Ilir department, Palembang residency', Early description of two S Sumatra oil seeps, in area subsequently explored by 'Muara Enim Petroleum Co' which became part of Royal Dutch/ Shell) Subagyo Pramumijoyo & M. Sebrier (1991)- Neogene and Quaternary fault kinematics around the Sunda Strait area, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, 2, p. 137-145. Subandrio, A.S. (2006)- The possibility Archean- Proterozoic sedimentary rocks in Indonesian island arc related to controversial discovery of banded iron formation (BIF) in Tanggumas, Lampung. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, 20p. (Banded Iron ore Formation deposits generally associated with old craton or shield of Archaen- Proterozoic age. First discovery of thin 'BIF-like' outcrops in Tanggamus area of Lampung, SE Sumatra, presumably in Permian magmatic arc deposits. Characterized by intercalation of laminations meta-quartzite and iron oxide. Two different kinds of iron formation recognized) Subandrio, A.S. (2007)- Indonesian Banded Iron Formation (BIF): a controversial in age and tectonic setting of BIF formation in Tanggamus area- Lampung, South Sumatra. Proc. Joint Conv. 32nd HAGI, 36th IAGI and 29th IATMI, Bali 2007, JCB2007-024, p. 1-12. (Banded Iron Formation mineralization in Tanggamus area, Lampung, presumably associated with PermianCretaceous magmatism. Classified on Algoma type iron formation, rel. small, and associated with submarine rift hydrothermalism. Oldest rock units in S Sumatra Permian (286-248 Ma)) Subandrio, A.S., R. Gatzweiler & G. Friedrich (2007)- Relationship between magnetite- ilmenite series and porphyry copper-tin metallogenic province of Sumatra Island- with special aspects of Sibolga and Bangka granitoid complex. Proc. Joint Conv. 32nd HAGI, 36th IAGI and 29th IATMI, Bali 2007, JCB2007-027 p. 1-10. (Sibolga granitoid plutons in area of 50 x 50 km2 along W coast of N Sumatra, intruded into Kluet Fm. Radiometric ages 257±24 Ma (K/Ar, biotite; late Permian) and 217.4±4.4 Ma (Rb/Sr, biotite; Triassic). Mainly A-type biotite granites. Most Sibolga igneous rocks in Magnetite-Series, different from SE-Asia/ Bangka tin granites, which fall in I & S-type, Ilmenite-Series) Subandrio, A.S. & R. Soeria-Atmadja (1995)- Petrologic relations and Uranium distribution in the Sibolga granitoid complex, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Eighth Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA ’95, Manila 1995, 19p. Subandrio, A.S., A. Sudradjat, M.F. Rosana & I. Syafri (2010)- Uranium mineralisation hosted by albite-rich granitoid rocks of Sibolga- North Sumatra. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PITIAGI-2010-266, 15p. (On uranium mineralisation in albite-rich granitoids of Permo-Carboniferous crystalline- metasedimentary Tapanuli Group) Subandrio, A.S. & M.E. Suparka (1994)- Petrological and geochemical characteristics of A-type Sibolga granitoid rock, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 334354. Subandrio, A.S. & K.N. Tabri (2006)- Indonesian Banded Iron Formation (BIF): a new controversial discovery of BIF deposit associated with island arc system in Tanggamus Area- Lampung, South Sumatra. Jurnal Geoaplika 1, 1, p. 55-70. (online at http://fosi.iagi.or.id/bsarchives/geoaplika_55_70_2006.pdf) (Banded Iron Formation deposits generally associated with sedimentary or meta-sedimentary rift basins in Archaean- Precambrian cratons. Late Paleozoic ‘BIF-like’ meta-sedimentary rocks outcrop at Tanggamus, Lampung, over narrow, >50 km belt along depositional strike, slightly parallel to main direction of Sumatra)


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Subarya, C., M. Chlieh, L. Prawirodirdjo, J.P. Avouac, Y. Bock, K. Sieh et al. (2006)- Plate-boundary deformation associated with the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Nature 440, p. 46-51. Subastedjo, M.T. & Sukarsono (1983)- Penyelidikan geologi untuk perencanaan tambang batubara dengan contoh kasus perencanaan tambang batubara Muara Tiga, Bukit Asam Sumatra Selatan. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 209-213. ('Geological investigation for coal mine planning, with example of Muara Tiga mine, Bukit Asam, S Sumatra') Subiyanto & H. Panggabean (2003)- Batuan terobosan dan pengaruhnya terhadap pematang batubara di daerah Bukit Kendi, Tanjung Enim, Sumatra Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 13, 134, p. ('Intrusive rocks and and their influence on coal seams in the Bukit Kendi area, Tanjung Enim, S Sumatra') Subiyanto & H. Panggabean (2004)- Karakteristik pematangan dan peningkatan mutu batubara di daerah Bukit Asam, Muara Enim, Sumatera selatan. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol., GRDC Bandung, (14) 1, 1, p. 37-54. (On the enhancement of Muara Enim Fm coal quality by igneous intrusions in Bukit Asam area, S Sumatra) Subroto, E.A., R. Alexander, U. Pranyoto & R.I. Kagi (1992)- The use of 30-norhopanes series, A. Novel carbonate biomarker in source rock to crude oil correlation in the North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., I, p. 145-163. (N Sumatra oils two groups: shaly and coaly, with distinct biomarker distributions. The 30-norhopanes as one of carbonate biomarkers have been proposed recently. Three types of source rocks have been recognised in N Sumatra Basin: shale, carbonaceous shale and calcareous shale. Recognition of three source types can only be observed using hopane distribution. Crude oil of coaly shale type not found during this study) Sudarsana, A. & E. Maulana (2000)- Factors affecting productivity in a shallow shoreface sandstone reservoir: a case study from the Rebonjaro Field, South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 55-69. (Oil productivity of very shallow A sand near top of M Miocene Lower Palembang Fm in 1929 field is better in cross-bedded facies than in bioturbated facies) Sudewo, B., A.R Suhendan & S. Chacko (1987)- Physical properties of carbonate reservoirs in South Sumatra. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 363-383. (Early Miocene Baturaja Lst in S Sumatra Basin significant oil- gas accumulation. Porosity varies widely between tight platform facies and porous reefal facies. Seismic data may provide indirect evidence of porosity. Iincreasing trend of acoustic impedance with depth is correlated with decrease in porosity, indicative of compaction of limestones,) Suhendan, A.R. (1984)- Middle Neogene depositional environments in Rambutan area, South Sumatra. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.,1, p. 63-73. (Miocene of Rambutan area, SW part of S Sumatra basin. Rambutan field oil in M Miocene Lower Palembang Fm clastics) Sukanta, U., Yarmanto, D. Kadar, H. Semimbar & D.A. Firminsyah (2008)- Current interpretation of regional stratigraphy of Late Oligocene- Miocene Sihapas Group in the Central Sumatra Basin. In: Sumatra stratigraphy workshop, Duri (Riau) 2005, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 81-82. (Abstract only) (Summary of sequence stratigraphic study of C Sumatra Late Oligocene- E Miocene Sihapas Group. Five lithostratigraphic units (old to young: Menggala, Bangko, Bekasap, Duri and Telisa Fms.). Seven basin-wide sequence boundaries (SB 25.5, 22, 21, 17.5, 16.5, 15.5 and 13.8 Ma), bounding six 3rd order sequences. Younger sands mainly developed in N, NE and E of basin and Telisa shale best developed to W and SW, suggesting sand sourced dominantly from N and NE, from Thailand-Malaysian Highs) Sukanta, U., Yarmanto, A. Susianto & H. Semimbar (2008)- Syn-rift stratigraphy and sedimentation of EoceneOligocene Pematang Group, Central Sumatra Basin. In: Sumatra stratigraphy workshop, Duri (Riau) 2005, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 65-79.


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(C Sumatra Eocene-Oligocene synrift continental deposits known as Pematang Group. Three units: Lower Red Bed (alluvial fan- fan delta; up to 1000m thick in Dalam depocenter), Brown Shale (up to 600m thick; lacustrine shales, also coal beds) and Upper Red Bed (braided stream, flood plain with paleosols. Pematang Group generally poor quality reservoirs. No documentation of ages)) Sukarna, D. et al. (1998)- Batuan granitian Jura-Kapur Sumatra bagian selatan: ciri geokimika dan kaitannya dengan evolusi tektonika. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 10, 100, p. ('Jurassic- Cretaceous granitic rocks and their relationship to the tectonic evolution') Suklis, J., A. Ames & E. Michael (2004)- CO2 in South Sumatra- observations and prediction. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia and Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 269-278. (Large quantities of gas found in S Sumatra since early 1990’s. Along with hydrocarbon gas, high % of CO2. CO2 data suggest mixing from organic and inorganic CO2 sources. Higher concentrations consistent with reservoir temperatures and isotope values expected from carbonate dissociation or magmatic sources. No simple model for high CO2 (> 40%) gases in low T reservoirs) Sukmono, S. (2007)- Application of multi-attribute analysis in mapping lithology and porosity in the PematangSihapas Groups of Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. The Leading Edge 26, 2, p. 126-131. Sukmono, S., D. Noeradi, F. Fitris, Tafsillison, W.C. Richmond, Seffibudianti & Pujiyono (2003)- Integrated seismic multi-attribute analysis for complex fluvio-deltaic reservoir properties mapping, Minas Field, Central Sumatra. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-23. (Minas field 1942 discovery, reseroirs complex fluvio-deltaic depositional system. 3D seismic used to differentiate sands from shales Five main oil-producing reservoirs. Few specific conclusions) Sukmono, S., M.T. Zen, W.G.A. Kadir, L. Hendrajaya & D. Santoso (1995)- Geometry and fractal characteristics of the Sumatra Active Fault. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 201-214. (Sumatra Fault zone eleven segments. Six fractal discontinuities from changes of fractal dimensions and gravity anomaly patterns. Variations suggest Sumatra mainland not rigid, but segmented into several blocks. N-S to NNE-SSW-oriented discontinuities correspond to major structural breaks in Sumatra fore-arc. Segmentation may also explain discrepancy between displacement and velocity of Andaman Sea opening, Sumatra fault motion and Sunda Strait opening) Sukmono, S., M.T. Zen, W.G.A. Kadir et al. (1996)- Fractal geometry of the Sumatra active fault system and its geodynamical implications. J. Geodynamics 22, 1-2, p. 1-9. Sukodri, K. & H. Hatuwe (1982)- Evaluasi kandungan minyak: batasan parameter petrofisika dalam formasi Keutapang dan Baong, Sumatra Utara. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 9, 2, p. 58-70. Sulistyo, A., K. Kelsch, V. Noguera, T. Heidrick, M. Djamaludin, A. Linawati et al. (1999)- Integrated reservoir characterization of the Kulin Field- Central Sumatra. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p.105-125. (Kulin oil field 1970 discovery 135 km NW of Pekanbaru. Original oil in place (OOIP) ~500 MBO, but low recovery (13% after 25 years of production) due to high oil viscosity (20° API) and heterogeneous reservoir. Main reservoir in E Miocene deltaic Duri Fm. Detailed reservoir model lead to better understanding of complex compartmentalization of stratigraphy) Sulitra, M.D. (1989)- The recognition and mapping of tight zones in the Arun reservoir, Sumatra: a synergistic effort. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 91-120. Sumardi, D. & Hertono R.P. (1990)- Kajian komposisi abu dan unsur kimia batubara Ombilin serta lingkungan geokimia pembentukan batubara. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 242-463. ('Study of Ombilin coal ash composition and chemical factors with geochemical environment of coal formation')


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Sumotarto, U. (1985)- Tambang emas rakyat di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong-Bengkulu. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 233-251. ('Local people's goldmines in the Rejang-Lebong district, Bengkulu') Sun, J. & T.C. Pan (1995)- Seismic characteristics of Sumatra and its relevance to Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, 1-2, p. 105-111. (Earthquake risking; little or no geology) Sunaryo, A.C. (1994)- NSO “A” Field: a new geological model, incorporating results of an integrated study of 3D seismic analysis and geologic well data. In: 10th Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1994, p. 223-237. (Mobil NSO A 1972 offshore N Sumatra gas discovery in M Miocene Malacca Limestone carbonate buildup Carbonate total thickness ~950’; 415’ gas column in discovery well) Sunaryo, A.C. & A.H. Djamil (1990)- Development of Arun East flank, Onshore North Sumatra. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 517-546. Sunaryo, A.C., R. Widjanarko, F.W. Musgrove, R. Kristanto & D.G. Ward (1998)- Development of the South Lho Sukon reef fields by horizontal wells. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 17-33. (South Lho Sukon A and D field produce gas from M Miocene Peutu Lst buildups. Reefal carbonates caused permeability substantial lateral variation, indicating preservation of original reef fabrics.) Supardi, A.D. Subekty & S.G. Neuzil (1993)- General geology and peat resources of the Siak Kanan and Bengkalis Island peat deposits, Sumatra, Indonesia. In: J.C. Cobb & C.B. Cecil (eds.) Modern and ancient coalforming environments. Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap. 286, p. 45-62. Suparka (1983)- Posisi tektonik batuan kegunungapian Musala, Sibolga, Sumatra Utara. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 233-242. ('Tectonic position of the Musali vocanic complex, Sibolga, N Sumatra') Suparka, S. & Sukendar Asikin (1981)- Pemikiran perkembangan tektonik Pra-Tersier di Sumatra Bagian Tengah. Riset (LIPI, Bandung) 4, p. 1-13. ('Thoughts on the tectonic development of the Pre-Tertiary of Central Sumatra'. Includes reversal of direction subduction at end Mesozoic) Suparman, A., A. Asseggaf & A. Haryo S. (1991)- Garba Mtn.- South Sumatra. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Post Convention Field Trip, 40 p. Surabaya, C., M. Chlieh, L. Prawirodirdjo, J.P. Avouac, Y. Bock, K. Sieh et al. (2006)- Plate-boundary deformation associated with the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Nature 440, 2, p. 46-51. (2004 earthquake magnitude >9.0 ruptured Sunda subduction megathrust over >1500 km, with >20m of slip off N Sumatra) Suryanto, U. & N. Said (1991)- The Sihapas porosity and hydrocarbon distribution pattern in the Pematang and Bekasap Fields, Central Sumatera. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 40-60. Suryanto, U. & W.A. Wycherly (1984)- A high resolution seismic stratigraphy study, Central Sumatra Basin Indonesia. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 281-300. (Caltex seismic stratigraphy study of Duri sands near Bangko field, Bima 1 well) Suryono & M.C.G. Clarke (1982)- Primary tungsten occurrences in Sumatra and the Indonesian tin islands. In: J.V. Hepworth (ed.) Tungsten Geology symposium, Jiangxi, China, 1981, ESCAP/RMRDC, p. 217-231. (In NE Bangka discontinuous serpentinites at Pemali Mine; viewed as trace of southern continuation of Triassic Raub-Bentong suture of Malay Peninsula by Pulunggono & Cameron 1984)


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Susanto, E., H. Priadi & P. Pathak (2008)- NSO Gas field simulation and production optimization. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-E-124, 18p. (Reservoir model of 1972 NSO gas discovery, 100km off N Sumatra. Producing since 1999. 415' gas column in E-M Miocene Malacca Lst reefal buildup. Area ~7 x 10km, OGIP 2.7 TCF gas. NSO gas ~32.5% CO2 and 1.5% H2S) Suseno, P.H., Zakaria, N. Mujahidin & E.A. Subroto (1992)- Contribution of Lahat Formation as hydrocarbon source rock in South Palembang Area, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 325-337. (Lahat or Lemat Fm mainly coarse volcanic rocks, but in some areas also claystone/ shale, like Benakat Shale. Such sediments organic-rich and in oil window. Mixed Type II- III kerogens may yield oil and gas. Biomarkers suggest Lahat and Talang Akar source rocks are identical) Susianto, A., E.S. Utoro & S. Grahia (2006)- Oligocene- Early Miocene paleogeography models South Balam Trough, Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI2006-053, 16p. (S Balam Trough one of most prolific petroleum systems in C Sumatra Basin. Paleogeographic maps made for three chronostratigraphic intervals. In Oligocene syn-rift time half grabens created with lake deposits in center (Pematang Brown Shale), bordered by fan deltas. Late Oligocene map of early post-rift phase illustrates Pematang Upper Red Bed formation deposition. In late post-rift Early Miocene more shallow marine influence, with fluvial and deltaic deposition (Menggala Fm)) Susilawati, R. & C.R. Ward (2006)- Metamorphism of mineral matter in coal from the Bukit Asam deposit, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 68, p. 171-195. (Miocene coal of Bukit Asam in S Sumatra mostly sub-bituminous, consistent with regional burial. Effects of Plio-Pleistocene igneous intrusions produced coal with vitrinite reflectance up to 4.17% (anthracite). Unmetamorphosed coals contain well-ordered kaolinite and quartz. Heat-affected coals, with Rv >1.0%, dominated by interstratified illite/smectite, poorly crystallized kaolinite and paragonite) Susilo, A., B.S. Widjiono & B. Setyanta (1999)- Gravity expression on the North end of the Bengkalis Trough. In: H. Darman & F.H. Sidi (eds.) Tectonics and Sedimentation of Indonesia, Indon. Sedim. Forum (FOSI), Spec. Publ. 1, p. 40-42. Susilohadi, S., C. Gaedicke & Y. Djajadihardja (2009)- Structures and sedimentary deposition in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 467, p. 55-71. (Sunda Strait opening initiated in early Late Miocene following M Miocene onset of Sumatra fault system. Three major graben systems/ pull-apart basins: W and E Semangko and Krakatau. Prior to Late Miocene most of Sunda Strait and surroundings probably developed in non-marine environment.) Susilohadi, S., C. Gaedicke & A. Ehrhardt (2005)- Neogene structures and sedimentation history along the Sunda forearc basins off southwest Sumatra and southwest Java. Marine Geol. 219, 2-3, p. 133-154. (20 seismic lines in SW Sunda arc margin between Manna and W Java show fore-arc basin structures and stratigraphy since Late Paleogene. Paleomorphology of Cretaceous continental margin persisted until Oligocene and paleoshelf margin extended NW off Sumatra. Two structural events between Late OligocenePliocene. Back thrust-faulting along S border of fore-arc basin and initiation of Cimandiri FZ in Late Oligocene; Sumatra and Mentawai FZ initiated in Pliocene. Four Neogene sedimentary cycles. Volcanic activity abundant since late M Miocene. Turbidite deposition common along and seaward of basin slope during sea level lows in late M Miocene and L Miocene) Suta, I.N. & L. Xiaoguang (2005)- Complex stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Jabung Subbasin and its hydrocarbon accumulation: case study from Lower Talang Akar reservoir, South Sumatra basin, Indonesia. Proc. Int. Petrol. Techn. Conf., Doha 2005, IPTC 10094, 9 p. (Combined stratigraphic and young inversion structural traps in Oligocene Lower Talang Akar Fm of Betara field complex in N part of S Sumatra basin)


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Sutanto (1997)- Evolution temporelle du magmatisme d’arc insulaire: geochronologie, petrologie et geochimie des magmatismes mesozoiques et cenozoiques de Sumatra (Indonesie). Doct. Thesis, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, 212 p. (On evolution of Mesozoic- Cenozoic arc volcanics of Sumatra) Sutanto (2005)- Palaeogene volcanic activities in Sumatera. Majalah Geol. Indon. 20, p. 51-60. Sutanto, R. Soeria Atmadja, R.C. Maury & H. Bellon (1998)- Origin of high-K Paleogene volcanics from the Natal Region, Sumatera; a response to subducted fracture zone. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 37-43. Sutarwan, A. H. (1995)- Petrographical and chemical properties of coals from the Southern Peranap deposit Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis University of Wollongong, p. Sutiana, F.X. Widiarto, I. Siregar & S.M. Ulibasa (1994)- Analisis biomarker beberapa perconto Formasi Sangkarewang dan Formasi Sawahlunto di cekungan Ombilin. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1097-1106. ('Biomarker analysis of some samples of the Sangkarewang and Sawahlunto Formations in the Ombilin basin') Sutopo, B., M.L. Jones & B.K. Levet (2003)- The Martabe gold discovery: a high-sulphidation epithermal goldsilver deposit, north Sumatra, Indonesia. In: NewGenGold 2003 Conference, Case histories of discovery, Perth, Gold Mining J., Proc., p. 147-158. Sutriyono, E. (1998)- Cenozoic thermotectonic history of the Sunda-Asri basin, southeast Sumatra: new insights from apatite fission track thermochronology. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16, 5-6, p. 485-500. Suwarna, N. (2000)- Tataan geologi Sumatra bagian selatan. In: N. Suwarna et al. (eds.) Evolusi tektonik Pratersier Sumatera bagian Selatan, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Spec. Publ., p. 15-28. ('Data on the geology of S Sumatra') Suwarna, N. (2004)- Relation of organic facies to palaeoenvironmental deposition; case study in the 'Papanbetupang-Kasiro Coal Measures', South Sumatera. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 14, 2, p. 61Suwarna, N. (2004)- Shale gas potential of Tertiary oil-shale bearing formation in Central Sumatra region. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. 14, 2, p. Suwarna, N. (2004)- Maceral composition and rank of Kasiro coals: implications for hydrocarbon generation. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. 14, 2, p. (On Early Miocene coals from Kasiro-Sarolangun area of S Sumatra) Suwarna, N. (2006)- Source-rock organic geochemistry and petrography of the Eo-Oligocene Kasiro Formation, in the intramountain Papanbetupang Basin, Southern Sumatera. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, 06-PG-25, 3p. (Abstract only) (Papanbetupang Sub-basin in Asai-Rawas region of Jambi and S Sumatera Provinces. Meta-sediments of E-M Jurassic Asai Fm and Jurassic-Cretaceous Peneta Fm and Jurassic Mersip limestone form basement. Coals and organic rich mudstones/oil shales of Eo-Oligocene Kasiro Fm good to excellent source potential. Oil shalebearing formations deposited in WNW- ESE grabens or half-grabens) Suwarna, N. (2006)- Permian Mengkarang coal facies and environment, based on organic petrology study. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 1, 1, p. 1-8. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20060101.pdf) (Analysis of E-M Permian Mengkarang coal from Mengkarang-Merangin, Bangko Area, C Sumatera. Mengkarang coal measures up to 1000 m thick, with Cathaysian flora, brachiopods and fusulinids, and


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intruded by Triassic- Jurassic granite. Dominant maceral vitrinite, less inertinite. Coals formed in wet zone of mire (limnic-telmatic to telmatic wet forest)) Suwarna, N. & H. Hermianto (2010)- Mesozoic sediment characteristics in the Asai- Rawas region of the Southern Sumatra. Proc. IGCP 507 Project Symp. Paleoclimates in Asia during the Cretaceous, Yogyakarta 2010, 2 p. (Abstract only; online at: http://igcp507.grdc.esdm.go.id/downloads/cat_view/34-documents) (Jurassic-Cretaceous of Asai- Garba Terrane in S Sumatra (= Woyla or W Sumatra Terrane?; HvG) two facies domains: shallow marine Asai (M Jurassic), Mersip (Late J) and Peneta (Late J- early K) Fms and deep marine facies Rawas Fm (Late J- Early K). All thermally mature. Paleomagnetic work suggests paleolatitudes of 30°32°S and counterclockwise rotation) Suwarna, N. & Y. Kusumahbrata (2010)- Macroscopic, microscopic, and paleo-depositional features of selected coals in Arahan, Banjarsari, Subanjeriji, and South Banko Regions, South Sumatra. J. Geol. Indonesia 5, 4, p. 269-290. (online at http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/283) (Coal samples from Mio-Pliocene Muaraenim Fm of Lematang Depression, S Palembang sub-basin. Nine named coal horizons. Dominant maceral group vitrinite (69- 97.4 %), less inertinite (0.4- 22 %), exinite (0.418 %). Vitrinite reflectance low- moderate (0.34- 0.59 %). Coals deposited in lower delta plain) Suwarna, N., H. Panggabean & R. Heryanto (2001)- Oil shale study in the Kiliranjao Sub-basin, Central Sumatera. Proc. Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and GEOSEA 10, Yogyakarta, p. Suwarna, N., Suharsono, Amiruddin & Hermanto (1998)- Geological map of the Bangko Quadrangle, Sumatera (Quad. 0913), 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Suwarna, N., Suharsono, S. Gafoer, T.C. Amin, Kusnama & B. Hermanto (1992)- Geologic map of the Sarolangun Quadrangle, Sumatera, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Suwarna, N. & Suminto (1999)- Sedimentology and hydrocarbon potential of the Permian Mengkarang Formation, Southern Sumatera. Proc. Southeast Asian Coal Geology, Bandung, p. Suwarna, N., Sutisna & Suharsono (1999)- Stratigraphy, sedimentology and provenance analyses of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Asai Rawas Group, southern Sumatera. In: H. Darman & F.H. Sidi (eds) Tectonics and sedimentation of Indonesia (Abstracts volume), Indon. Sedim. Forum Spec. Publ. 1, p. 36-39. Suwarti, T., S. Andi Mangga & Amiruddin (1985)- Ciri-ciri batuan granitoid daerah Tanjungbintang Lampung Selatan. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 141-148. ('Characteristics of granitoids in the Tanjungbintang area, South Lampung', S Sumatra) Suyoko (1996)- Penelitian sedimentologi dan paleontologi formasi Mengkarang di daerah Dusunbaru, Kabupaten Bangko, Jambi. In: Evolusi tektonik Pratertier Sumatera bagian selatan. Proyek kajian dan informasi geologi tematik Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi, 32 p. (Sedimentology and paleontology of Mengkareng Fm, Jambi. Incl. Early Permian brachiopods from Jambi) Syaefuddin (1998)- Studi sekuen stratigrafi sedimen Miosen cekungan muka busur Nias, Sumatera Utara. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Sed. Pal. Strat., p. 106-124. ('Sequence stratigraphic study of Miocene sediments in the Nias fore-arc basin, N Sumatra') Syafri, Chairul (1997)- Geochemical evaluation of the oils and source rocks of the South Palembang Sub-Basin, South Sumatra, Indonesia. MS Thesis Univ. Texas at Dallas, p. Syafrin, K. Novian (1995)- Deposition of middle Baong Sandstone as post-rift incised valley sequence, Aru onshore area, North Sumatra. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 131-145. (Basal Tortonian/ zone N14 Middle Baong Sst interpreted as incised valley system)


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Syafrin, K. Novian, Erwinsyah & H. Harun (2008)- Stratigrafi zona dalam di daerah Gunung Kemala, Prabumulih: suatu perspektif baru pada penegasan stratigrafi Paleogen Cekungan Sumatra Selatan. In: Sumatra stratigraphy workshop, Duri (Riau) 2005, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 127-141. ('Stratigraphy of the 'Zona Dalam' in Gunung Kemala area, Prabumulih'. Pertamina 1997 Tapus Field with 25 oil-gas horizons in 950m of syn-rift and post-rift deposits. Subsequent deeper wells in old fields Gunung Kemala and Talang Jimar also successful ?) Syaiful, M. (1999)- Coal exploration in Mampun Pandan Area, Jambi, Sumatera. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 2, p. 301-312. Syam, B., A. Aayuba, H.N. Saputra & T. Fitriano (2010)- Application of surface geochemistry for hydrocarbon detection case study: Panen Field, Jabung Block, South Sumatra. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-034, 10p. (On gas anomalies from surface geochemistry sampling in Jabung Block, S Sumatra) Tamrin, M., Siswoyo & Prayitno (1981)- Heat flow in the Tertiary Basin of North Sumatra: Proc. CCOP, XVII, 58, Paper 25, p. 394-408. Tamtono, B. & E. Artono (1998)- Reservoar Pra-Tersier sebagai peluang eksplorasi Abad 21 studi kasus di daerah Beringin, Cekungan Sumatera Selatan. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 106-116. ('Pre-Tertiary reservoirs as exploration play; Abad 21 case study in the Beringin region, S Sumatra basin') Tamtomo, B., I. Yuswar & E. Widianto (1997)- Transgressive Talang Akar sands of the Kuang area, South Sumatra basin; origin, distribution and implication for exploration play concept. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 699-708. (Kuang area distribution of Talang Akar reservoirs controlled by basement highs, and stratigraphic traps form as onlaps along flanks of highs. Lower Talang Akar productive in Beringin Field, Upper Talang Akar produces in Air Serdang Field) Tangkalalo, D. & M.F. Ma'ruf (1993)- Eksploitasi hidrokarbon pada endapan turbid lapisan BRS struktur PTB lapangan Pangkalan Susu. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 794-802. ('Hydrocarbon exploitation in bedded turbidite deposits, BRS structure, Pangkalan Susu field', N Sumatra) Tangkalalo, D., M.F. Ma'ruf & A. Sudiono (1997)- Gas reservoir delineation of Pantai Pakam Timur field, North Sumatera - Indonesia. Proc. Soc. Petrol. Eng. (SPE) Ann. Tech. Conf., San Antonio 1997, p. 507-520. (Same as paper below) Tangkalalo, D., M.F. Ma'ruf, A. Sudiono & Widjiono (1998)- Gas reservoir delineation of Pantai Pakam Timur Field, North Sumatra, Indonesia. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1998, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 123-133. (Seismic amplitude anomaly in rel. shallow (~1250m) Lower Keutapang Fm sandstone unit used to delineate gas reservoir. Sediment sourced from SW. Not much geology) Tangkalalo, D. & A A.P. Reddy (1994)- Preliminary study of hydrocarbon potential in old oil wells of Pulau Panjang Field, North Sumatra. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 2, p. 1107-1117. Tan Sin Hok (1933)- Uber Leptodus (Lyttonia auctorum) cf. tenuis (Waagen) vom Padanger Oberland (Mittel Sumatra). Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 25, p. 66-70. (Permian brachiopod Leptodus collected by Musper from Padang Highlands, C Sumatra, confirms presence of rocks of younger Permian in Sumatra. Other Leptodes in Indonesia only known from Timor) Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Bemerkungen uber die Cycloclypeen von Sipoera (Mentawai-Inseln). Geol. Mijnbouw 15, 7, p. 57('Remarks on Cycloclypeus from Sipura, Mentawai Islands')


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Tappenbeck, D. (1936)- Uber Tertiare Foraminiferengesteine von Sipoera (Mentawei-Inseln). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad Wetensch. Amsterdam 39, 5, p. 661-670. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016907.pdf) ('On Tertiary foraminifera rocks from Sipura (Mentawai Islands)', W Sumatra. Larger foraminifera in M Eocene black limestone (zone Ta with Assilina, Nummulites), Early Miocene (zone Te with Spiroclypeus, Miogypsina, Nephrolepidina spp.) and Late Miocene (Tf with Pliolepidina and Cycloclypeus cf. guembelianus) marl and limestones) Tappin, D.R., L.C. McNeil , T. Henstock & D. Mosher (2007)- Mass wasting processes; offshore Sumatra. In: V. Lykousis (ed.) Submarine mass movements and their consequences, 3rd Int. Symp., Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research 27, Springer, p. 327-336. (online at: http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/gg/sumatra/documents/tappin_etal_sumatra_mass_wasting_2007.pdf) (Mapping of convergent margin offshore Sumatra using swath bathymetry, seismic and seabed photography reveals common seabed failures, but mainly small-scale blocky debris avalanches and sediment flows. Large landslides usually form in areas of high sediment input. Off Sumatra most sediment derived from oceanic plate, and little sediment entering system from adjacent land areas. Input from oceanic source limited due to diversion of sediment entering subduction system, attributed to Ninetyeast Ridge- Sunda Trench collision at ~1.5 Ma) Tarazona, C., J.S. Miharwatiman, A. Anita, & C. Caughey (1999)- Redevelopment of Puyuh oil field (South Sumatra): a seismic success story. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 65-82. (1993 Puyuh oil discovery in small domal closure in ?Oligocene Upper Lemat Sst in NE part of Corridor PSC. Puyuh-1 tested 625 BOPD from 1582-1600 m) Tarsis A.D. (2005)- Inventarisasi bitumen padat dengan metoda "outcrop drilling" di daerah Petai Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi Provinsi Riau. Kolokium Hasil Lapangan- DIM, 2005, p. 30.1- 30.10. (online at: http://psdg.bgl.esdm.go.id/kolokium/Batubara/30.%20Pros_petai_No.9.pdf) (Evaluation of bituminous shale ('bitumen padat') deposits in the 'Lower Telisa Formation' of the Petai area, Kuantan Singingi regency, SW part of teh C Sumatra basin) Taverne, N.J.M. (1924)- Bijdrage tot de geologie van de Gajo-Lesten en aangrenzende gebieden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie, 50 (1921), Verhand. 1, p. 162- 186). ('Contribution to the geology of the Gajo-Lesten and adjacent regions', Aceh, N Sumatra. Followed by petrographic rock descriptions of Taverne samples by W.F. Gisolf, p. 187-268) Teguh F. & Agus H.P. (2011)- Jabung block basement- their characteristics and their economic potential. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-002, 10 p. (On hydrocarbon potential of fractured Pre-Tertiary basement rocks in Jambi sub-basin, S Sumatra. Part of 'Malacca Microplate', composed of granite (K/Ar age ~180 Ma, E Jurassic), Kluang Limestone and low-grade metamorphics) Teerman, S.C. & R.J. Hwang (1989)- Evaluation of the source rock potential of Sumatran coals by artificial maturation of coal. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 469-489. Terpstra, H. (1932)- Voorloopige mededeeling over een geologischen verkenningstocht op de eilanden Siberoet en Sipoera (Mentawi-eilanden, Sumatra's Westkust). De Mijningenieur 13, 2, p. 16-20. ('Preliminary note on a geological reconnaissance trip on the islands of Siberut and Sipura (Mentawai Islands, Sumatra W coast)'. On Siberut no Pre-tertiary rocks. On Sipura schists and amphibolites, but mainly Tertiary similar to Siberut. Between Tertiary rocks serpentinized basic volcanics and dikes of andesite and basalt) Terpstra, H. (1932)- The joint systems in the vicinity of the Salida Mine (West coast of Sumatra). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 35, p. 891-897. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016298.pdf) (Four groups of orientation of quartz veins in Salida mine area: N30°E, N40°W, N10°E, N90°E)


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Terres, R.R. & Soejanto (1995)- Central Sumatra prospect evaluation, structural and stratigraphic fluid barriers and hydrodynamic systems as indicated by wireline formation pressures. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 19-32. Tesch, P. (1916)- Permische trilobieten van Atjeh. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen. Ser. 2, 33, p. 610-611. ('Permian trilobites from Aceh'. Two species of trilobite casts in dark red, tuffaceous marly rock, associated with corals, crinoids, brachiopods and gastropods, previously reported by Klein 1916 as presumably Devonian. Species very similar those described form Permian in Timor) Thamrin, H.M. (1985)- Studi pendahuluan prospek batubara di lapangan Benuang Sumatra Selatan. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 223-231. ('Preliminary study of coal prospects in the Benuang field, S Sumatra') Thamrin, M. (1980)- Heat-flow in the Tertiary basin of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 17th Sess. Comm. Coord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok, p. 394-408. Thamrin, M., Siswoyo, S. Sandjojo, Prayitno & S. Indra (1980)- Heat flow in the Tertiary basin of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 16th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bandung 1979, p. 250-271. (Heat flow of S Sumatra basin determined from 358 wells in 54 oil fields. Average heatflow 2.58 Mcal/cm sec. Centre of basin rel. cool with <3 HFU, NE and SW flanks >3 HFU) Thesly, H.D., D.S. Asra, E.I. Gartika, T. Febriwan & J.J.Wood (2010)- Integrated geology and reservoir study in determining hydrocarbon reserves in Pangkal field, South Sumatra. Proc. 39th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-170, 8p. (Reserves study of Pangkal field in Palembang High area, S Sumatra basin, NE of Kaji Semoga field (= Medco Langkap field). Discovered in 1987; 35 wells drilled; current production 1400 BOPD from 14 wells. Reservoir Talang Akar Fm stacked fluvial channel sandstones with 15-21% porosity. OOIP of field is 24 MMBO, EUR 7 MMBO, cumulative oil production 5 MMBO) 'T Hoen, C.W.A. (1922)- Verslag over het onderzoek der Tertiaire petroleumterreinen ter Oostkust van Atjeh (terrein Atjeh II). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 48 (1919), Verhand. 1, p. 163-229. ('Investigation of the Tertiary petroleum terrains of the East coast of Aceh (terrain Aceh II), N Sumatra') 'T Hoen, C.W.A. (1931)- Mededeeling over een vondst van diamanten in de Siaboe Rivier, ten zuiden van Bangkinang (Midden-Sumatra). De Mijningenieur 13, p. 176-178. ('Communication on a discovery of diamonds in the Siabu River, S of Bangkinang (C Sumatra)'. About 150 small diamonds found during exploration for tin ore. Bedrocks is Tertiary clay-shales and granite. Diamonds were found in the parts of the kaksa richest in tin ore) 'T Hoen, C.W.A. (1932)- Oliesporen in het Oembilin kolenveld. De Mijningenieur 13, p. 194 ('Oil traces in the Ombilin coal field'. Exploration well penetrated coal between 190-208m and another thin (20cm) coal at 272m. At 283m a 4m thick oil-stained sandstone from which a few liters of oil were obtained) Thomas, L.P. (2005)- Fuel resources: coals. In: A.J. Barber, M.J. Crow & J.S. Milsom (eds.) Sumatra- geology, resources and tectonic evolution, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 31, p. 142-146. (Brief overview of coal distribution in N, C and S Sumatra. Producing mines only in Central Sumatra (Ombilin; Eocene-Oligocene), S Sumatra (Late Miocene- Pliocene) and Bengkulu (Miocene) Basins) Thompson, M. L. (1936)- The fusulinid genus Verbeekina. J. Paleont. 10, 3, p. 193-201. (Eight species of Permian fusulinid genus Verbeekina from Padang Highlands, W. Sumatra) Thompson, M.L. (1936)- Lower Permian fusulinids from Sumatra. J. Paleont. 10, 7, p. 587-592.


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(New species of Lower Permian fusulinids Schwagerina and Pseudoschwagerina from ~100’ thick "Productus limestone" of Telok Gedang, C Sumatra (Merangin?). Overlain by Soengi Garing plant beds) Tien, N.D. (1986)- Foraminifera and algae from the Permian of Guguk Bulat and Silungkang, Sumatra. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 18, p. 138-147. (Two Permian limestone localities from Padang Highlands, C Sumatra. Guguk Bulat reefal limestone with corals and diverse fusulinid and small benthic foram assemblages) Tien, N.D. (1989)- Lower Permian foraminifera. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Papers 19, Bangkok, p. 71-93. (Rel. rich Lower Permian foram assemblages of fusulinids and smaller benthic forams from W Jambi province) Tien, N.D. (1989)- Middle Permian foraminifera. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Papers 19, Bangkok, p. 113-148. (Review of M Permian foraminifera from four areas on Sumatra, incl. rich basal Murghabian fusulinid assemblage at Bukit Pendopo outcrop, S Sumatra) Tiltman, C.J. (1990)- A structural model for North Sumatra. Lemigas Scient. Contr. Petrol. Science Techn., Spec. Issue, p. 24-44. Tissot van Patot, A. (1920)- Aanteekeningen uit de Bataklanden. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 5, 2, p. 37-52. (‘Notes from the Batak Lands’. Notes on volcanoes between Lakae Toba and W coast of N Sumatra) Tiwar, S. & J. Taruno P.H. (1980)- The Tanjung (South Kalimantan) and Sei Teras fields (South Sumatra): a case history of petroleum in Pre-Tertiary basement. Proc. 16th Sess. CCOP, Bandung 1979, p. 238-249. (Part of oil production in Stanvac NE Teras field, S Sumatra basin, is from Pre-Tertiary weathered and fractured volcanics and volcanoclastics. Cumulative production since 1977 about 15,000 BO) Tjia, H.D. (1970)- Nature of displacements along the Semangko fault zone, Sumatra. J. Tropical Geogr., Singapore, 30, p. 63-67. (One of first papers to recognize Central Sumatra fault zone as major left-lateral wrench fault) Tjia, H.D. (1977)- Tectonic depressions along the transcurrent Sumatra fault zone. Geol. Indonesia 4, 1, p. 1327. (Depressions along Sumatra fault zone tied to dextral strike slip movenment. About 25 km horizontal displacement since Late Miocene. Offset of Jurassic outcrops suggest total displacement may be 180 km. Fault zone at least 18 segments, mainly en echelon arrangement) Tjia, H.D. (1989)- Tectonic history of the Bentong- Bengkalis suture. Geol. Indon. 12, 1 (Katili Volume), p. 89111. (Bentong suture in Peninsular Malaysia continues into Bengkalis depression of Sumatra until it abuts against Tigapuluh Mts. Suture separates Gondwana terrane in W from Cathaysian terrane in E) Tjia, H.D. & T. Boenteran (1969)- A morpho-structural study of Nias. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geology and Mining, Bandung 2, 2, p. 21-28. Tjia, H.D. & K. Kusnaeny (1976)- An Early Quaternary age of an ignimbrite layer, Lake Toba, Sumatra. Sains Malaysiana 5, 1, p. 67-70. Tjia, H.D. & M. Posavec (1972)- The Sumatra fault zone between Padangoenjang and Muaralabuh. Sains Malaysiana 1, 1, p. 77-105. (Study of complex fault displacements along right-lateral Sumatra Fault zone. Jurassic-Triassic outcrops suggest dextral offset between 190-270 km)


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Tjia, H.D. & R.F. Muhammad (2008)- Blasts from the past impacting on Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 54, p. 97-102. (online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/BGSM/GSM%20Bulletin%20No54%20Paper16.pdf) (At Plio-Pleistocene transition 3 large volcanic centres in Barisan Mts., Sumatra, began producing large amounts of felsic tephra and pyroclastic flows. At Toba perhaps 4 paroxysmal events between 1.9 Ma- ~30 ka. Centres marked by 100's of m of ignimbrite, pyroclastic tuffs and air-fall tephra. Air-fall tuff identified throughout Peninsular Malaysia, up to 1m thick and generally attributed to single 'Toba eruption' at 70-75 ka, but possibly multiple eruptions) Tobler, A. (1903)- Einige Notizen zur Geologie von Sudsumatra. Verhand. Naturf. Ges. Basel 15, 3, p. 272-292. (‘Some notes on the geology of South Sumatra’) Tobler, A. (1906)- Topographische und geologische Beschreibung der Petroleumgebiete bei Moeara Enim (Sud-Sumatra). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 23, p. 199- 315. ('Topographic and geologic descriptions of the petroleum areas near Muara Enim, S Sumatra'. With geologic maps, cross-sections, etc.) Tobler, A. (1907)- Uber das Vorkommen von Kreide- und Carbonschichten in Sudwest-Djambi (Sumatra). Centralblatt Min. Geol. Palaont. 16, p. 484-489. ('On the occurrence of Cretaceous and Carboniferous beds in SW Jambi, Sumatra’. Batu Kapur locality on Limoen river steeply dipping dark limestones and claystones with Lower Cretaceous ammonites, poosibly underlain by Carboniferous and unconformably overlain by Miocene U Palembang beds. Similar Cretaceous outcrops with ammonites near Poboengo village. Macrofossils described by Baumberger (1925)) Tobler, A. (1912)- Voorlopige mededeeling over de geologie der Residentie Djambi. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 39 (1910), Verhand., p. 1-29. ('Provisional note on the geology of the Jambi Residency’. Brief overview of Jambi work; subsequently reported in great detail by Tobler in 1918, 1922) Tobler, A. (1913)- Korte beschrijving der petroleum terreinen gelegen in het zuidoostelijk deel der residentie Djambi (Sumatra). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 40 (1911), Verhand., p. 12- 28. ('Brief description of the petroleum terrains in the SE part of the Jambi Residency, Sumatra'. Detailed mapping of surface anticlines. Numerous oil-gas seeps) Tobler, A. (1914)- Geologie van het Goemai gebergte (Res. Palembang, Zuid Sumatra). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 41 (1912), Verhand., p. 6-49. (‘Geology of the Gumai Mountains, Palembang Residency, S Sumatra’) Tobler, A. (1917)- Uber Deckenbau im Gebiet von Djambi. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel. 28, 2, p. 123-147. ('On the nappe structures in the Jambi area, Sumatra'. Classic paper on presence of large nappe structures in Pre-Tertiary of Sumatra, with 'Hoch-Barisan' and 'Vor-Barisan' thrusted over autochtonous 'Schiefer-Barisan'. Interpretation accepted by Zwierzycki, Van Bemmelen, etc., but challenged by subsequent authors (Klompe et al. 1957, Katili 1970, etc.) Tobler, A. (1918)- Korte beschrijving van het petroleum gebied van Midden-, Noordwest en Noord-BenedenDjambi. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 45 (1916), Verhand. II, p. 141-201. (‘Brief description of the petroleum areas of Central, NW and North Lower Jambi’, C. Sumatra. Not-so-brief overview of stratigraphy and descriptions of 26 anticlinal structures. With 1:200k scale geologic map and 1:25,000 scale maps of 20 anticlinal structures) Tobler, A. (1922)- Djambi verslag. Uitkomsten van het geologisch- mijnbouwkundig onderzoek in de residentie Djambi 1906-1912. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie (1919), Verhand. III, p. 1-585 + Atlas


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(Extensive report on geological survey of Jambi province, including parts of the Barisan, Pre-Barisan and ‘Schiefer barisan Mts., the Duabelas Mts, Tigapuluh Mts and sedimentary basins in-between. Petroleum geology already described in Tobler (1918). Cross-sections show large thrust sheets of ‘normal’ PermianMesozoic sediments over highly folded metamorphic Mesozoic and older rocks ('Schieferbarisan’). Upper Miocene coals autochtonous and widespread, but thinner (~3-4m) than in Muara Enim area to S, and thinning in N direction. With 1:200,000 scale geologic map on 4 sheets) Tobler, A. (1923)- Unsere palaeontologische Kenntniss von Sumatra. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 18, 2, p. 313-342. (‘Our paleontological knowledge of Sumatra’. Localities of Carboniferous- Neogene macrofossils) Tobler, A. (1925)- Mesozoikum und Tertiar des Gumaigebirges. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 521-535. ('Mesozoic and Tertiary of the Gumai Mts', S Sumatra. Anticlinorium with core of Pre-Tertiary metamorphics, tuffs, diababse and ?Triassic and Upper Cretaceous limestones. Unconformably overlain by ?Eocene quartz sandstones with fossil wood. Miocene Gumai marine shales, locally with reefal limestone (Baturaja Fm) at base; much thicker in East (1500m) than in West (300m). Capped by Mio-Pliocene Palembang Beds) Toh, E.C. (1979)- Rio Tinto's placer gold work in Sumatera. In: A. Prijono, C. Long and R. Sweatman (eds.) The Indonesian mining industry, its present and future, Proc. First Indonesian Mining Symposium, Jakarta 1977, Indon. Mining Assoc., p. 356-386. (On gold placer exploration in in drainage basins of major E-flowing rivers of C Sumatra, Rawas-Tembesi, Batang Hari and Indragiri- Singingi. No commercially viable gold deposits found) Toha, B., K. Aulia & H. Primadi (1999)- High resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Minas oil field: a key reference for reservoir management and EOR oil field development. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 167-182. Tonkin, P.C. & R. Himawan (1999)- Basement lithology and its control on sedimentation, trap formation and hydrocarbon migration, Widuri-Intan oilfields, SE Sumatra. J. Petrol. Geol. 22, 2, p. 141-165. (Widuri-Intan oilfields in NW Asri Basin produce from Late Oligocene Talang Akar Fm fluvial-deltaic sandstones. Oil in structural and stratigraphic traps in sinuous-meandering channel sandstones. Reservoir sands interbedded with mudstone and coal and overlie Cretaceous basement rocks. Basement lithologies: (1) hornblende granodiorite; (2) metamorphic rocks (mainly mica schist); (3) plugs of metabasalt and related volcanic rocks; (4) dolomitic limestone. Basement topography influenced subsequent distribution of fluvial channels and sand pinch-outs. Faults controlled by basement lithology, especially at boundaries of intrusives. NW-SE shear zone offset basement between main Widuri and Intan fields. Lidya field reservoir pinch-out onto eroded areas of basement silicification along shear zone. Drape and compaction over eroded volcanic plugs enhanced structural-stratigraphic plays. Reservoir at Indri field underlain by dolomitic limestone and exhibits karst sinkhole and collapse structures) Tromp, H. (1918)- De Lematang-kolenvelden. Weekblad voor Indie 24, 22 Sept. 1918, p. 279-287. (‘The Lematang coal fields’. Popular magazine article on S Sumatra Miocene coals) Tromp, H. (1919)- De wetenschappelijke en technisch-economische beteekenis der Lematang-kolenvelden. De Ingenieur 40, p. 721-734, 41, p. 747-752 and 43, p. 767-774. ('The scientific and technical-economic significance of the Lematang coalfields'. In three parts) Truscott, S.J. (1912)- Gold and silver in Sumatra. The Mining Mag. 6, 5, p. 355-364. (online at: http://www.archive.org/details/miningmagazine06londuoft) (Brief review of gold mining activities and geology of Sumatra prior to 1912) Tsukada, K., A. Fuse, W. Kato, H. Honda, M. Abdullah, L. Wamsteeker, A. Sulaeman & J. Bon (1996)Sequence stratigraphy of North Aceh Offshore Basin, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 29-41.


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(Main results of stratigraphic prospecting: (1) 30 Ma P21 SB marks sudden break from non-marine to bathyal. A downlap or onlap surface of P22 SB represents favorable combination of porous sandstone and top-sealing compact deep-water mudstone. P21 and P22 SBs overlap on seismic sections because of thin sedimentary separation;(2) SBs of N11-N14 should be markers that identify exploration target in Baong sst. N14 Baong lowstand fan identified as stratigraphic prospect) Ubaghs, J.G.H. (1941)- The geology of Benkoelen and the oil possibilities. Indonesia Geol. Survey Bandung, Open File Report A41-2, p. 1-35. Ubaghs, J.G.H. (1941)- De geologie van de Lampongsche districten. Indonesia Geol. Survey Bandung, Open File Report, p. 1-24. (‘The geology of the Lampung districts’)) Ueno, K., S. Nishikawa, I.M.van Waveren, F. Hasibuan, Suyoko et al. (2006)- Early Permian fusuline faunas of the Mengkarang and Palepat Formations in the West Sumatra Block, Indonesia: their faunal characteristics, age and geotectonic implications. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Geological Anatomy of E and S Asia, Paleogeography and Paleoenvironment in Eastern Tethys (IGCP 516), Quezon City, p. 98-102. (Rel. high diversity E Permian fusulinid assemblages in Jambi, associated with famous Cathaysian 'Jambi flora') Ueno, K., S. Nishikawa, I.M.van Waveren, M. Booi, F. Hasibuan, Suyoko, E.P.A. Iskandar et al. (2007)- Early Permian fusuline faunas from Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia: faunal characteristics and palaeobiogeographic implications. Abstracts, 16th Int. Congr. Carboniferous and Permian, Nanjing, J. of Stratigraphy 31, Suppl. 1, p. 138-139 Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1928)- Neogene en Pleistoceene koralen van Sumatra. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 4, 32, p.25- 55. (‘Neogene and Pleistocene corals from Sumatra’. Descriptions of Miocene-Pleistocene corals from N Aceh, collected by 'Mijnbouw' and from other N Sumatra localities collected by Tobler.) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1928)- Een Zaphrentis van Kota Tengah (Padangsche Bovenlanden). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 56 (1927), Verhand. 1, p. 246-247. ('A Zaphrentis from Kota Tengah (Padang Highlands)'. Carboniferous or Permian solitary corals Zaphrentis and Caninia? from limestone collected by Zwierzycki near Kota Tengah, Lisun-Kwantan-Lalo Mts., Sumatra) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1929)- Lepidocyclina transiens, spec. nov. van Sumatra. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 9, p. 109-113. (New species of Lepidocyclina from marly limestone in Ayer Laje, a few km S of Bataraja, S Palembang, S Sumatra. Embryon advanced nephrolepidine to trybliolepidine. Probably Upper Tf, Middle-Late Miocene age) Untung, M., N. Buyung, E. Kertapati, Undang & C.R. Allen (1985)- Rupture along the Great Sumatran fault, Indonesia, during the earthquakes of 1926 and 1943. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 76, p. 313-317. (1943 earthquake at least 2-3 m lateral displacement along 60 km segment) Utomo, W., D. Hendro H.N., K. Simanjutak, A. Krisyunianto & A. Bachtiar (2011)- Characteristic of Pematang facies at Rantauberangin and surrounding area, Riau Province. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-466, 10p. (Late Eocene- Oligocene Pematang Fm in C Sumatra may contain reservoir rocks. Five Pematang facies identified: braided channel, meandering channel, paleosol- braided river, gravity flow (low energy), and debris flow-alluvial fan (high energy) facies. Braided channel facies good reservoir quality, debris flow facies poor. Deposition in semi-enclosed valleys bounded by normal fault creating alluvial fans, some of which poured into deep lakes, with braided and meandering rivers in other end of valley)


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Vachard, D. (1989)- Microfossils and microfacies of the Lower Carboniferous limestones. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Papers 19, p. 31-40. (Rel. rich Lower Carboniferous foraminifera assemblage from C Sumatra limestones. At least 3 biozones) Vachard, D. (1989)- A rich algal microflora from the Lower Permian of Jambi Province. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Papers 19, p. 59-69. (Microfauna of grainstone sample from Pulau Apat, with algae, oncolites, foraminifera (incl. fusulinids) and small volcanic clasts. Warm climate assemblage and probably Late Asselian age . Calcareous algae strong Tethyan affinities) Vachard, D. (1989)- Triassic micro-organisms from the Sibaganding Limestone. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Papers 19, p. 179-189. (Illustrations of U Ladinian- Lower Carnian algae (Thaumotoporella, Globochaete) and foraminifera (lituolids, Endothyra, Duotaxis, Aulotortus) from reefal limestones with corals, oncoliths, etc. Resembles microfauna from Kodiang Lst of NW Malay Peninsula and Namyua Gp in E Burma, but different from U Triassic of Seram) Vacquier, V. & P.T. Taylor (1966)- Geothermal and magnetic survey off the coast of Sumatra. 1. Presentation of data. Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, 44,p. 531-540. (online at http://repository.dl.itc.utokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/12265/1/ji0442007.pdf) (Band of high heat flow in front of deep sea trench off Sumatra. Magnetic anomalies trend mostly E-W; do not follow curve of Indonesian island arc) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1930)- The origin of Lake Toba. Proc. Fourth Pacific Science Congr., Java 1929, IIA, p. 115-124. (Lake Toba in N Sumatra largest lake in Indonesia, 87x 31 km. Formed as large collapse crater, in which younger acidic volcanoes developed) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1931)- Het Boekit Mapas-Pematang Semoet vulkanisme (Zuid-Sumatra). Verhand. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen. Nederland Kol., Geol. Ser. IX; p. 57-76. (Different types of volcanism in two nearby young volcanic centers in S Sumatra: Bt. Mapas basic andesite and basalt flows, Pg. Semoet acid tuffs) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1932)- Geologische waarnemingen in de Gajo landen (N-Sumatra). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Indie 59 (1930), Verhand. 3, p. 71-94. (Geological observations in conjunction with road building project in ‘Gajo lands’, Aceh, in the N Sumatra sector of Barisan Mts.) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1932)- Geologische Kaart van Sumatra 1:200,000. Toelichting bij Blad 10 (Batoeradja). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Bandung, 45p. (‘Geologic map of Sumatra 1:200k; Sheet 10- Baturaja’) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1933)- Geologische Kaart van Sumatra 1:200,000. Toelichting bij Blad 6 (Kroei). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Bandung, 61p. (‘Geologic map of Sumatra 1:200k, Sheet 6- Krui’) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1934)- De tektonische structuur van Zuid-Sumatra. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 94, 1, p. 7-14. (‘The tectonic structure of South Sumatra’) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1939)- The volcano-tectonic origin of Lake Toba (North Sumatra). De Ingenieur in Nederl. Indie 6, p. 126-140. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- Sumatra. In: The geology of Indonesia, Government Printing Office, Nijhoff, The Hague, 1, p. 659-707.


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Van Bemmelen, R.W. & J. Zwierzycki (1936)- Het Paleogeen van Sumatra. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 3, 9, sect. IV, p. 160-161. ('The Paleogene of Sumatra'. Critical discussion of Sumatra chapter of Badings (1936) review paper) Van der Marel, H.W. (1941)- Onderzoek omtrent het voorkomen van de mineralen orthiet en zirkoon in de liparietgronden van Sumatra's Oostkust. De Ingen. in Nederl.-Indie 8 (4), 4, p. 33-38. ('Investigation of the occurrence of orthite and zircon in the liparite areas of Sumatra's E coast'. Acid volcanic liparite tuffs of Sumatra East coast, probably of Lake Toba origin, always with orthite and zircons) Van der Marel, H.W. (1947)- Diatomaceous deposits at Lake Toba. J. Sedim. Res. 17, 3, p. 129-134. (Description of Early Quaternary fresh-water diatomaceous deposits around Toba caldera lake, N Sumatra, now at 150m above lake level. Layers up to 75-100 cm thick. Some diatomites mainly composed of mainly of Synedra rumpens, others mainly Denticula species) Van der Marel, H.W. (1948)- Volcanic glass, allanite and zircon as characteristic minerals of the Toba rhyolite at Sumatra's East coast. J. Sedim. Res. 18, p.24-29. (Widespread rhyolitic tuff from Toba eruption characterized by common volcanic glass, allanite and zircon) Van der Veen, A.L.W.E. (1913)- Bijdrage tot de geologie van Nias. Sammlung. Reichs-Mus. Leiden Ser. 1, 9, p. 225-243. ('Contribution to the geology of Nias'. Petrography of samples from Nias island, off W Sumatra, collected by Schroder. Includes ultrabasic rocks (gabbro, sepentinite, basalt), metamorphics (garnet mica schist), sandstones, Eocene foram breccia and Miocene limestone (see also Douville 1912). With sample location map) Van der Vlerk, I.M. & J.H.L. Wennekers (1929)- Einige foraminiferenfuhrende Kalksteine aus Sud-Palembang (Sumatra). Eclog. Geol. Helv. 22, 2, p. 166-172. ('Some foraminifera-bearing limestones from South Palembang (Suamatra)'. Larger foraminifera from Early Miocene (lower Tf) Baturaja limestones between Batu Raja and Muara Dua) Van Dijk, P. (1860)- Inleiding tot de geologie van Sumatra's Westkust. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 22, p. 180. ('Introduction to the geology of Sumatra's West coast') Van Dijk, P. (1860)- Ontginbare kolenlagen in de ommelanden van Benkoelen. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 22, p. 181-217. ('Exploitable coal beds in the surroundings of Bengkulu'. Early survey of Miocene coals at Bukit Sunur, Duson Baru, etc., in Bengkulu area, SW Sumatra. Quality of coal comparable to SE Kalimantan coal and some localities attractive for exploitation) Van Dijk, P. (1864)- Zwartkolen in en nabij de Baai van Tapanoeli. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 26, p. 4163. ('Black coal in and near the Bay of Tapanuli', Sumatra. Same paper as Van Dijk 1875) Van Dijk, P. (1864)- Bruinkool van Ketaoen in Moko-Moko, Benkoelen. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.Indie 27, p. 259-264. ('Lignite of Ketaun in Moko-Moko, Bengkulu') Van Dijk, P. (1875)- Ontginbare kolenlagen in de ommelanden van Benkoelen. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1875, 2, p. 97-120. ('Exploitable coal beds in the surroundings of Bengkulu'. Same paper as Van Dijk 1860) Van Dijk, P. (1875)- Zwartkolen in en nabij de Baai van Tapanoeli. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1875, 2, p. 121-157.


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('Black coal in and near the Bay of Tapanuli', Sumatra. Same apper as Van Dijk 1864) Van Eek, D. (1937)- Foraminifera from the Telisa and Lower Palembang beds of South Sumatra. De. Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 4, p. 47-55. (Lepidocyclinids, Miogypsina from4 localities collected by Van Tuyn on Gedongratoe map, Lampong Districts. Telisa Fm Early-Middle Miocene with zones Te5, Tf1 and Tf2 larger forams (assemblage A with Lepidocyclina (N) besaiensis n. sp. and Miogypsina borneensis, assemblage B with Miogypsina indonesiensis and M borneensis and Lepidocyclina (T.) martini). Lower Palembang Fm Middle Micene zone Tf3(?), with Miogypsina indonesiensis and Lepidocyclina pilifera. Little or no stratigraphic info) Van Es, L.J.C. (1930)- Over eenige nieuwe vondsten van granite en Trias on the Beneden-Rokan en MiddenSiak streken en hare beteekenis voor de tektoniek van Midden-Sumatra. De Mijningenieur 8, p. 164-167. ('On some new discoveries of granite and Triassic in the Lower Rokan and middle Siak regions, and their significance for the tectonics of C Sumatra'. Low hills of Pre-Tertiary granite and quartz sandstone at both sides of Lower Rokan River, E Central Sumatra, represent southern continuation of geology of BelitungBangka and W Malay Peninsula) Van Gorsel, J.T. (1988)- Geological fieldtrip to South Sumatra and Bengkulu, October 28-31, 1988. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, 42p. (Guidebook for S Sumatra E-W transect from Palembang to Bengkulu) Van Leeuwen, T.M., R.P. Taylor & J. Hutagalung (1987)- The geology of the Tangse porphyry coppermolybdenum prospect, Aceh, Indonesia. Econ. Geol. 82, 1, p. 27-42. (Copper-molybdenum deposit at Tangse, N Sumatra, hosted by multiphase quartz diorite intrusions, termed Tangse stock, emplaced along segment of transcurrent Sumatera fault system. Intrusive rocks belong to normal K calc-alkaline suite. Low initial strontium isotope ratios prohibit significant involvement of sialic crustal component in magma genesis. M-L Miocene K-Ar ages for intrusion-cooling (13.1 Ma) and hydrothermal alteration-mineralization (9.0 m.y.). Three intrusive phases, the older porphyries forming bulk of Tangse stock ) Van Lohuizen, H.J. (1924)- Verslag over het onderzoek van het Landschap Langkat (Oostkust van Sumatra). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie, 50 (1921), Verhand. 1, p. 56-94. (Early geological survey of Langkat region, E Sumatra) Van Raalten, C.H. (1932)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200,000. Toelichting bij Blad 7 (Bintoehan). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Bandung, 34 p. ('Geologic map of Sumatra 1:200,000, sheet 7 Bintuhan') Van Schelle, C.J. (1876)- Mededeeling over het voorkomen van aardolie bij het dorp Kollok, Padangsche Bovenlanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 5 (1876), 1, p. 188-189. ('Note on the petroleum occurrence near the village of Kollok, Padang Highlands'. Early report of oil seep in Ombilin Basin, W Sumatra) Van Schelle, C.J. (1877)- Mededeeling over het voorkomen van koollagen in het beekje Katjang-Pai, Padangsche Bovenlanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 6 (1877), 1, p. 241-244. ('Note on the occurrence of coal beds in the Kacang-Pai creek, Padang Highlands', W Sumatra) Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1938)- Exploratie in de Gajo Landen (Algemeene resultaten van de 1937 Losir Expeditie). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 55, 5, p. 728-801. (‘Exploration in the Gajo Lands; results of 1937 Losir expedition’) Von Steiger, H.G. (1922)- Resultaten van geologisch-mijnbouwkundige verkenningen van Midden-Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verhand. 1, p. 87-200. ('Results of geological-mining reconnaissance of Central Sumatra')


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Van Tets, G.V., P.V. Rich & H.R. Marino (1989)- A reappraisal of Protoplotus beauforti from the Early Tertiary of Sumatera on the basis of a new Pelecaniform family. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 5, p. 57-75. (Suggest Eocene water bird fossil initially described by Lambrecht 1931 from lacustrine shales of Ombilin basin should be placed in new pelicaniform family, Protoplotidae) Van Tongeren, W. (1935)- Chemische analyses van gesteenten van Poeloe Berhala. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 38, 6, p. 634-639. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016744.pdf) ('Chemical analyses of rocks from Poeloe Berhala', Malacca Straits. Rocks collected by Druif: granite, gneiss (very high quartz), aplite-pegmatite and lime-silica hornfels. No tin detected) Van Tongeren, W. (1936)- Mineralogical and chemical composition of the syenite-granite from Boekit Batoe near Palembang, Sumatra, Neth. East Indies. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 39, 5, p. 670673. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016908.pdf ) (Bukit Batu hill 60 km E of Palembang. Ridge 50km long, 15km wide in E Sumatra coastal swamp, and is Eward continuation of Palembang~anticline. Mainly composed of Late Miocene Lower Palembang Fm claystones. Highest hills formed by syenite, quartz-syenitic and granitic rocks, comparable in composition to other 'tin granites'. Batholithic rocks outcrop ~5 km2) Van Tuijn, J. (1931)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200.000. Toelichting bij blad 4 (Soekadana). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie. 20 p. ('Geological map of Sumatra 1:200,000, 4 (Sukadana sheet)'. Crystalline schists massif in W, with gneiss and quartzmica schist. Overlain by young acid tuffs and Quaternary fluvial deposits. Large olivine-bearing Sukadana plateau basalt complex in SE of map sheet (ages around 1.0 Ma; Gasparon 2005)) Van Tuijn, J. (1934)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200.000. Toelichting bij blad 8 (Menggala). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie. 24 p. ('Geological map of Sumatra 1: 200,000, 8 (Menggala Sheet)'. Coastal area of SE Sumatra, much of it coastal swamp. Slightly folded Late Miocene-Pliocene Middle Palembang lignite-bearing tuffaceous sandstones and lignite-free Upper Palembang Fm) Van Tuijn, J. (1937)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200.000. Toelichting bij blad 9 (Gedongratoe). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Bandung, p. 1-37. ('Geological map of Sumatra 1: 200,000, 9 (Gedongratu Sheet)'. Map sheet West of sheet 8, Menggala in SE Sumatra) Van Tuijn, J. (1937)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200.000. Toelichting bij blad 13 (Wiralaga). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Bandung, 28 p. 1-28. (Geological map of Sumatra, Wiralaga sheet SE of Palembang. Mainly coastal plain, with low hills up to 25m elevation, composed of weakly folded, unfossiliferous (M-Late Miocene?) 'Middle Palembang Fm' tuffaceous deposits and lignites, surrounded by swamps area with near-recent sediments) Van Waveren, I. M., M. Booi, J.H.A.Konijnenburg van Cittert (2006)- Paleogeographic and ecologic aspects of the Early Permian flora of Sumatra (Indonesia). In: Galtier Conference, A life of ferns and gymnosperms, Montpellier April 2006, p. 29. (Early Permian Jambi paleoflora is tropical wet flora, best matched to S Cathaysian floras, in accordance with reconstructions that place the W Sumatra Terrane in contact with the Indochina and S Cathaysia blocks) Van Waveren I. M., F. Hasibuan, Suyoko, P.L. de Boer, D. Chaney, K. Ueno et al. (2006)- Taphonomy, paleoecology and paleobotany and sedimentology of the Mengkarang Formation (Early Permian, Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia). In: S.G. Lucas & K.E. Zeigler (eds.) The non-marine Permian, New Mexico Mus. Natural History & Science, Bull. 30, 333-341.


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(Mengkarang Fm 360-meter regressive sequence. Floodplain deposits of a meandering system follow marine and deltaic deposits. Braided river deposits in upper part, followed by alluvial fan conglomerates) Van Waveren, I.M., E.A.P. Iskandar, M. Booi & J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (2007)- Composition and palaeogeographic position of the Early Permian Jambi flora from Sumatra. Scripta Geol. 135, p. 1-28. (Online at www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/144475) (Revision of E Permian Jambi flora results in lower number of taxa. Brachiopods and fusulinids indicate E Permian age. Comparisons with E Asian Permian floras of Cathaysian realm indicate Jambi palaeoflora most similar to relatively xeric Cathaysian flora, possibly indicative of relatively high latitude) Vazquez, J.A. & M.R. Reid (2004)- Probing the accumulation history of the voluminous Toba magma. Science 305, p. 991-994. Velbel, M.A. (1985)- Mineralogically mature sandstones in accretionary prisms. J. Sedim. Res. 55, p. 685-690. (Mid-Tertiary quartz-rich sandstones from Nias Island accretionary prism mineralogically more mature than expected in this tectonic setting. Provenance petrogeneticall may be unrelated to arc-trench system) Veldkamp, J. (1957)- Mechanism of shallow and intermediate earthquakes in Sumatra. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 18 (Gedenkboek Vening Meinesz), p. 295-303. Verbeek, R.D.M. (1874)- Eerste verslag over een onderzoek naar kolen op het eiland Nias. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 3 (1874), 1, p. 157-163. ('First report on a survey for coal on the island of Nias', W Sumatra) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1875)- Over den ouderdom der steenkolen van het Oembilien kolenveld in de Padangsche Bovenlanden en van de sedimentaire van Sumatra in het algemeen. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 4 (1875), 1, p. 135-146. ('On the age of coal of the Ombilin coal field in the Padang Highlnds and of the sediments of Sumatra in general') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1875)- Het Oembilin kolenveld in de Padangsche Bovenlanden, Sumatra's Westkust. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 4 (1875), 2, p. 3-84. ('Sumatra's West coast- Report 3. The Ombilin coal field in the Padang Highlands') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1875)- Over de beste ontginningswijze van een gedeelte van het Oembilien kolenveld. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 4 (1875), 2, p. 85-95. ('On the best way to exploit part of the Ombilin coal field') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1875)- De fossielen in de kolenkalksteen van Sumatra's westkust. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 4 (1875), 2, p. 186-189. ('The fossils of the (Permian) 'kolenkalksteen' limestone of Sumatra's west coast') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1875)- On the geology of Central Sumatra. Geol. Magazine, Decade II, 2, p. 477-486. (Introduction to series of papers on Sumatra fossils collected by Verbeek in 1873- 1874 in Padang Highlands and Nias island, Gunther, Rupert Jones, Woodward and Brady) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1876)- Geologische beschrijving van het eiland Nias. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 5 (1876), 1, p. 3-13. (‘Geological description of Nias Island, NW Sumatra’) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1876)- Geologische beschrijving van het Siboemboem Gebergte. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 5 (1876), 2, p. 51-79 ('Sumatra's West coast- Report 6. Geologic description of the Sibumbum Mountains')


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Verbeek, R.D.M. (1877)- Geologische beschrijving van de landstreek tussen Siboga en Sipirok, Residentie Tapanoeli, Sumatra's Westkust. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 6 (1877), 1, p. 21-37. ('Geologic description of the area between Siboga and Sipirok, Residency Tapanuli, W Sumatra') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1877)- Yzererts bij den Goenoeng Bessie, in de nabijheid van Fort van der Capellen. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 6 (1877), 1, p. 39-44. ('Sumatra's West coast- Report 11. Iron ore near Gunung Besi, in the proximity of Batusangkar, Tanah Datar') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1877)- Kolen bij Indrapoera, Sumatra's Westkust. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 6 (1877), 1, p. 345-50. ('Coal near Indrapura, Sumatra's West coast') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1877)- Voorlopig verslag over een geologische verkenningstocht door Bengkoelen en Palembang in 1876. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 6 (1877), 2, p. 111-135. ('Preliminary report on a geological reconnaissance trip through Bengkulu and Palembang in 1876') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1877)- Over een onderzoek naar kolen aan de rivier Sepoeti, Lampongsche Districten, Sumatra's Zuidkust. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 6 (1877), 2, p. 176-179. ('Investigation of coals along the Seputi River, Lampung districts, S Sumatra') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1878)- Voorlopig verslag over een geologische verkenningstocht door de Lampongse Districten en een deel van Palembang in 1877. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 7 (1878), 1, p. 185-200. ('Preliminary report on a geological reconnaissance trip through Bengkulu and Palembang in 1876') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1881)- Geologische aantekeningen over de eilanden van de Nederlandsch-Indischen Archipel en over de fossielhoudende lagen van Sumatra in het bijzonder. Verhand. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Afd. Natuurk., p. 1-27. ('Geologic notes on the islands of the Netherland-Indies Arcipelago and on the fossiliferous beds of Sumatra in particular'. Brief review of literature decribing Paleozoic, Eocene and Miocene fossil localities) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1881)- Topographische en geologische beschrijving van Zuid-Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 10 (1881), 1, p. 1-215. (Early geological and topographic description of South Sumatra, including Krakatoa before the 1883 eruption) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1883)- Topographische en geologische beschrijving van een gedeelte van Sumatra’s Westkust. Landsdrukkerij, Batavia, 674p. + atlas. (Early geological and topographic description of part of Sumatra’s West coast) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1914)- Die Lagerungsverhältnisse der Trias-Schichten im Padangsche Hochlande. Palaeontographica, Suppl. IV, p. 199-202. (‘Stratigraphy of the Triassic beds in the Padang Highlands’, W Sumatra. Discussion of probable Late Triassic age of dark claystones, sandstones and thin platy limestones E and NE of Lake Singkarak. Wanner noted similarities of this ‘Padang fauna’ with Upper Norian Nucula marl of Misool. Faunas subsequently described as Carnian by Krumbeck (1914). Triassic unconformably overlain by Eocene sands-conglomerates) Verbeek, R.D.M., O. Boettger & K. von Fritsch (1880)- Die Tertiarformationen von Sumatra und ihre Thierreste I, Geologische Skizze der Sedimentformationen des Niederlandisch-Indischen Archipels. Palaeontographica Suppl. 3, 8-9, p. 3-120. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost-Indie 1881, 2, p. 3-210) ('The Tertiary formations of Sumatra and its animal fossils-1 Geological overview of the sediment formations of the Netherlands Indies Archipelago'. With descriptions of Lower Tertiary molluscs by Boettger) Verbeek, R.D.M., O. Boettger & K. von Fritsch (1883)- Die Tertiarformationen von Sumatra und ihre Thierreste 2. Palaeontographica Suppl. 3, 9-10, p.. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost-Indie 1883, Wet. Ged., 2, p. 5-284)


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('The Tertiary formations of Sumatra and its animal fossils, 1. Collection of papers on molluscs by Boettger) Verstappen, H.Th. (1961)- Some ‘volcano-tectonic’ depressions of Sumatra: their origin and mode of development. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B64, 3, p. 428-443. (Lakes Kerinci, Singkarak and Toba represent volcanic features formed in pre-existing graben structures, not volcano-tectonic collapse features as proposed by Van Bemmelen) Verstappen, H.Th. (1973)- A geomorphological reconnaissance of Sumatra and adjacent islands. WoltersNoordhoff, Groningen, 182 p. Verstappen, H.Th. (1975)- The effect of Quaternary tectonics and climates on erosion and sedimentation in Sumatra. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 49-53. (Drier climate in glacial times reduced vegetation from rainforest to tree-savannah with more physical weathering. During interglacial tropical-humid climate and dense rainforests more confined river systems and more chemical weathering) Veth, P.J. (1881)- Midden-Sumatra. Reizen en onderzoekingen der Sumatra-expeditie, uitgerust door het Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1877-1879. Brill, Leiden, 4 vols. (Vol. 2, without plates, online at: http://bhl.ala.org.au/bibliography/46719#/summary) (Report of Netherlands Geographical Society expedition to C Sumatra; with minimal geological observations) Vigny, C., W.J.F. Simons, S. Abu, R. Bamphenyu, C. Satirapod, N. Choosakul, C. Subarya et al. (2005)- Insight into the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from GPS measurements in Southeast Asia. Nature, 436, p. 201206. (Data from 60 GPS sites in SE Asia show Rupture plane of 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake must have been at least 1,000 km long. Small but significant co-seismic jumps detected more than 3,000 km from epicentre.) Villarroel T. (1985)- Observations on the sealing properties of faults in Sumatra. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 105-116. Vinassa de Regny, P. (1925)- Sur l’age des calcaires du Barissan et des Monts Gumai a Sumatra. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 405-414. (On the age of the Mesozoic limestones collected by Tobler in Barisan Mts, Jambi and Gumai Mts, Palembang. Part of Gumai Mts limestones determined as Triassic based on Lovcenipora, but Musper (1934) found good Orbitolina indicating E-M Cretaceous age) Vita-Finzi, C. (2008)- Neotectonics and the 2004 and 2005 earthquake sequences at Sumatra. Marine Geol. 248, 1-2, p. 47-52. (Deformation of outer-arc islands Nias and Simeulue associated with 2004 and 2005 earthquakes generally ascribed to stress release on interface between Indian and Eurasian plates at Java trench. Shallow seismicity and Holocene deformation of islands suggest also activity on imbricate faults in sediment prism behind trench) Vita-Finzi, C. & B. Situmorang (1989)- Holocene coastal deformation in Simeulue and Nias, Indonesia. Marine Geol. 89, p. 153-161. Volz, W. (1899)- Beitrage zur geologischen Kenntnis von Nord-Sumatra. Zeitschr. Deutsch Geol. Ges. 51, 61p. (Contributions to the geological knowledge of North Sumatra’. First description of 600-800m thick Upper Triassic with Daonella and Halobia molluscs in N Sumatra) Volz, W. (1904)- Zur Geologie von Sumatra. Beobachtungen und Studien. Geol. Palaeont. Abh., Jena, N.F. 6, 2, 112, p. 87-194. (online at: http://openlibrary.org/works/OL1123202W/Zur_geologie_von_Sumatra) ('On the geology of Sumatra; observations and studies'. Early description of geology, Paleozoic-Tertiary stratigraphy, Ombilin coal field, young volcanoes, etc., of W Sumatra Padang Highlands)


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Volz, W. (1904)- Zur Geologie von Sumatra. Beobachtungen und Studien, Anhang II, Einige neue Foraminiferen und Korallen sowie Hydrokorallen aus dem Obercarbon Sumatras. Geol. Palaeont. Abh., Jena, N.F. 6, 2, 112, p. 177-194. ('Some new foraminifera and corals as well as hydrocorals from the Upper Carboniferous of Sumatra'. Descriptions of probably Permian-age faunas from limestones of Padang Highlands, incl. smaller foraminifera Bigenerina spp. and new fusulinid foram genus/species Sumatrina annae from Bukit Bessi, NE of Lake Singkarak. Also new colonial corals Lonsdaleia frechi and L. fennemai and stromatoporid Myriopora) Volz, W. (1907)- Die Battak-Lander in Zentral Sumatra. Zeitschrift Ges. Erdkunde Berlin 1907, p. 662-693. ('The Batak lands in Central Sumatra'. Mainly early geographic descriptions) Volz, W. (1907)- Vorlaufiger Bericht uber eine Forschungsreise zur Untersuchung des Gebirgsbaus und der Vulkane von Sumatra in den Jahren 1904-1906. Sitzungsber. Kon. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch., Phys.-Math. Cl., 6, p. 127-140. ('Preliminary report on a research trip to investigate the mountain building and volcanoes of Sumatra in the years 1904-1906'. No maps or figures) Volz, W. (1909)- Jungpliozanes Trockenklima in Sumatra und die Landverbindung mit dem asiatischen Kontinent. Gaea 1909, 7-8, 16 p. ('Late Pliocene dry climate of Sumatra and the land connection with the Asian continent) Volz, W. (1909)- Nord Sumatra. 2 vols. 1909, 1912, p. (Two books by German geographer Volz reporting on multiple reconnaissance trips to North Sumatra) Volz, W. (1913)- Oberer Jura in West-Sumatra. Centralblatt Miner. Geol. Pal. 24, p. 753-758. (‘Upper Jurassic in W Sumatra’. Stromotoparoid Myriopora verbeeki from limestones SE of Merapi volcano in Padang Highlands look identical to forms from U Jurassic in Japan) Volz, W. (1914)- Sud-China und Nord-Sumatra. Zur Charakterisierung des Zerrungs-Phanomens in Sudostasien. Mitteil. Ferdinand von Richthofen-Tages 1913, Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, p. 29-54. (Old paper on structural geology of Sumatra and comparison with South China) Von der Marck, W. (1876)- Fossile Fische von Sumatra. Palaeontographica 22, p. 405-414. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1878, 1, p. 138-155) ('Fossil fish from Sumatra'. Part of Geinitz (1876) paper. Warly paper on Eocene fresh water fish fossils from Ombilin Basin, W Sumatra) Von Schwartzenberg, T. (1989)- The Air Laya coal deposit- South Sumatra. Braunkohle 38, p. 307-315. Von Steiger, H. (1922)- Resultaten van geologisch-mijnbouwkundige verkenningen in een gedeelte van Midden Sumatra. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 49 (1920), Verhand. 1, p. 87-200. (Geological-mining reconnaissance in C Sumatra in upper reaches of Kampar, Siak and Rokan Rivers. With 4 sheets of 1:200,000 scale map and cross-sections) Vozenin-Serra, C. (1986)- Two gymnospermous woods from the Lower Permian of Jambi, Sumatra. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) The Permian of Southeast Asia, CCOP Tech. Bull. 18, Bangkok, p. 168-171. (Lower Permian fossil wood abundant at Telok Gedang, left bank of Merangin River. Tropical species assigned to Dadoxylon, not related to Gondwanan woods) Vozenin-Serra, C. (1989)- Lower Permian continental flora of Sumatra. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds.) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments. CCOP Techn. Publ. 19, Bangkok, p. 53-57. (Mainly summary of Jongmans and Gothan (1925) work.Famous Lower Permian Djambi flora probably Upper Asselian, possibly Sakmarian age and corresponds to oldest stage of Cathaysian flora of N China)


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Wahab, A. (1986)- Hydrocarbon potential of Klingi area, South Sumatra. Geol. Indonesia 11, 2, p. 7-10. Wain, A.S. & B.A. Jackson (1995)- New Pematang depocentres on the Kampar Uplift, Central Sumatra. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 215-233. (New Pematang depocentres recognised in Teso and Cenako PSC's, C Sumatra and include S extension to Bengkalis Trough. Bengkalis Trough extends onto Kampar Uplift, previously thought to mark its S boundary. S extension of Bengkalis Trough represented by Cenako half-graben. Seismic facies analysis indicated low velocity, high amplitude reflectors in axis of half-graben represent lacustrine "brown shales") Wajzer, M.R. (1986)- Geology and tectonic evolution of the Woyla Group, Natal Area, N. Sumatra. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. London, p. Wajzer, M.R., A.J. Barber, S. Hidayat & Suharsono (1991)- Accretion, collision and strike-slip faulting: the Woyla Group as a key to the tectonic evolution of North Sumatra. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 447-461. (Woyla Group re-interpreted as part of accretionary complex formed from ocean floor materials of Triassic to Early Cretaceous age, incorporating collided sea-mounts, plateaux and volcanic arc fragments accumulated during the subduction of major ocean, Tethys III, prior to India's collision with Asia. Time of accretion midCretaceous. Langsat volcanics at W end dated as Late Oligocene, demonstrating that they are unrelated to rest of complex and emplaced along strike-slip faults prior to M Miocene) Walker, P., M. Maas & M.D. Burnaman (1986)- Structure interpretation problems of a Lower Miocene reef associated with a shallow low velocity anomaly, North Sumatra. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 279-304. (On structure mapping of large reefal buildup of Peusangan XL structure, off N Sumatra) Wally, G.J. (1939)- De Oembilin steenkolenmijnen. De Ingenieur in Nederl. Indie IV, 6, 10, p. 1-26. ('The Ombilin coal mines', C Sumatra. General overview of C Sumatra coal mine operations) Wang, Y.F., F.M. Budijanto, M.L. Johnson & R.S.A. Siringoringo (1989)- Neogene seismic sequences and structural styles in "B" and Peusangan Blocks, North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 339-361. (Ten Neogene seismic sequences. E Miocene Peutu Fm deposited during rising sea level, with reefal buildups and subaerial erosion over highs; hemipelagic deposition in lows. M Miocene Baong Fm deep marine shales onlapped and buried highs. In Late Miocene Barisan Mts began emerging, with regressive Keutapang and Lower Seurula Fms. Pliocene U Seurula and Julu Rayeu Fms two prograding units, interrupted by four unconformities of possible eustatic origin. Sedimentation and structural style different across NW trending wrench fault on W flank of Arun-Cunda-Peusangan High. To E sedimentation more responsive to eustatic changes: sediments less disturbed and well-defined sequence boundaries. To W overpressure facilitates thrusting and slumping and wrench faults cut into shallow structures, complicating correlations) Waren, R. & Dardji Noeradi (2010)- Reservoir geometry identification of tide dominated estuarine environment deposits and its implication to reservoir qualities: case study within the upper sand of Bekasap Formation, Gadang Field, Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-SG-043, 11 p. (Core description and well logs of Bekasap Fm in Gadang field, C Sumatra, suggest tide-dominated estuarine environment: WSW-ENE trending estuarine channels and tidal flat/ sand bar) Wechsler, D. & A.F. Talib (2006)- Reservoir characterization for a thermal recovery projects: North area, Duri Field. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, PITIAGI2006-045, 15p. (New North Duri field reservoir characterization after drilling of 20 new wells and seismic reprocessing, in advance of expansion of Duri steamflood project to more complex northern area of field. Not much detail) Wennekers. J.H.L. (1958)- South Sumatra basinal area. In: Habitat of Oil, AAPG Spec. Publ. 18, p. 1347- 1358.


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Westerveld, J. (1931)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200 000. Toelichting bij Blad 5 (Kotaboemi). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Bandung, p. 1-28. Westerveld, J. (1933)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200 000. Toelichting bij Blad 3 (Bengkoenat). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Bandung, p. 1-44. (Bengkunat map sheet, SW coastal area of Sumatra. Oldest rocks are 'Old Andesite' volcanics (Oligocene-E Miocene ?). Overlain by 700m or moreFolded 'Old Neogene' interbedded claystones, tuffs, thin coal lenses and limestones with Eulepidina and Miogypsina (=Te5, basal Miocene Baturaja equivalent; HvG). 'Young neogene' rel. undeformed and with common molluscs. Also large granite intrusion and young volcanics) Westerveld, J. (1941)- Three geological cross-sections across South Sumatra. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 44, 9, p. 1131-1139. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017672.pdf) (Three SW-NE coast-to-coast cross-sections across S Sumatra) Westerveld, J. (1942)- Welded rhyolithic tuffs or 'ignimbrites' in the Pasoemah region, West Palembang, South Sumatra. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 13, 1, p. 202-217. (In Pasumah region of Barisan Range in S Sumatra widespread young welded tuffs (‘ignimbrites’; >50m thick over >800km2), overlain by andesitic tuffs and agglomerates from young volcanoes (Dempo, Semendo Highland, Isau-Isau) Westerveld, J. (1947)- On the origin of the acid volcanic rocks around Lake Toba, North Sumatra. A further contribution to the knowledge of welded rhyolite-tuffs deposited along the Sumatran longitudinal fault-trough system. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Sect. 2, 43, 1, p. 1-52. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011879.pdf) (Overview of geology of Lake Toba region, N Sumatra, particularly young volcanic rocks ) Westerveld, J. (1952)- Quaternary volcanism on Sumatra. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 63, p. 561-594. (Extensive sheets of acid pumice tuffs in initial stages of Sumatra Quaternary volcanism, followed by cones of andesitic volcanism) Westerveld, J. (1953)- Eruptions of acid pumice tuffs and related phenomena along the Great Sumatran faulttrough system. Proc. VIIth Pacific Science Congress, New Zealand 1953, 2, p. 411-438. Westerveld, J. & W. Uytenbogaardt (1948)- Eenige mineragrafische notities betreffende het erts van de mijn Salida, S.W.K.. Verhand. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Mijnbouwk. Ser, 4, p. 59-69. ('Some mineragraphic notes on the ore of the Salida mine, Sumatra's West Coast'. Descriptions of ore minerals in Salida gold-silver mine in Painan District, 80 km from Padang. Initially exploited by Dutch East Indies Company between 1669-1735. Last exploitation period 1914-1928. Ore veins in E Miocene andesitic volcanics) Whateley, M.K.G. & G. Jordan (1989)- Fan-delta-lacustrine sedimentation and coal development in the Tertiary Ombilin Basin, W Sumatra, Indonesia. In: M.K.G. Whateley & K.T. Pickering (eds.) Deltas: sites and traps for fossil fuels, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 41, p. 317-332. (Coal in Ombilin basin mined in Sawahlunto area since 1891. Basin fill ~4600 m of M Eocene- E Miocene sediments. Fan-delta sediments below oldest M Eocene seam, seam itself and sediments overlying C seam investigated along W margin. Ombilin Basin is a graben-like 'pull-apart' basin. Debris flows and fan-delta formation around margin of basin, with lake sediments in basin centre. Peat accumulation influenced by underlying fan-delta lobe geometry. In interlobe areas thick sequences of low ash peat accumulated, while central lobe areas high ash coal or carbonaceous shale formed) Whitten, A.J., S.J. Damanik, J. Anwar & N. Hisyam (1987)- The ecology of Sumatra. Gadjah Mada Univ. Press, Yogyakarta, 583 p. (also in The Ecology of Indonesia Series, 1, Periplus Editions (HK), 2000, 478p.)


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Wibiksana, H., G. Mawhinney & R.A. Lorentz (1992)- Bentayan field development- an exploitation success. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 143-162. (Bentayan field BPM 1932 discovery in Corridor Block, S. Sumatra. Waxy, heavy oil (19.1°API) in Talang Akar Fm,. OOIP reserves 87 MBO. Long regarded as uneconomic, but now being developed by Asamera, using blend with light Jambi crude for handling/ transportation) Wibisono, R.K. & A. Fanandi (1999)- Application of sequence stratigraphy and core analysis determining well completion and stimulation treatments in Telisa Formation, Minas Field, Riau, Sumatera. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 2, p. 121-146. Wibowo, B.C., D. Sofyan G., T. Tankersley & W.C. Dawson (1996)- Reservoir characterization by integrating production and geological information; case study: Kotabatak pattern waterflood "high-grade" area selection. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 329-342 (Kotabatak field NW-SE trending anticline, producing since 1971, produced 182 MBO by 1996. Channelized and non-channelized sands reservoirs in Bekasap Fm) Wichmann, C.E.A. (1904)- Uber die Vulkane von Nord-Sumatra. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 56, p. 227-239. (‘On the volcanoes of North Sumatra’) Widarmayana, I.W.A. (2007)- The giant Arun gas field (North Sumatra)- gas from beneath the earth to LNG export- a 30 year success story. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA 07-E-110, 11 p. (Arun gas field discovered 1971 in E-M Miocene carbonate build-up on NNE- SSW trending basement horst block associated with Paleocene-Oligocene rifting. Sea-level fluctuations in last stages of carbonate development resulted in secondary permeability in upper reservoir unit. Shape carbonate build-up controlled by antecedent topography. 118 wells. 13 TCF of dry gas produced to date) Widianto, E. & N Muskin (1989)- Seismic stratigraphy study on the Talang Akar Fm in the Selat area, Jambi. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 323-338. Widiyantoro, S. (2003)- Constraints on upper mantle structure and seismicity beneath the Sunda Strait from teleseismic data. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 28th HAGI Ann. Conv., Jakarta, 6p. (Sunda Strait area of active extension, marking transition from oblique subduction along Sumatra to nearperpendicular subduction along Java. Seismic tomography and seismicity pattern under Krakatau suggest (1) mantle plume ascending toward Krakatau volcano; and (2) columnar cluster of earthquakes below Krakatau trending almost vertically from Wadati-Benioff zone) Wikarno, D.A.D. Suyatna & S. Sukardi (1988)- Granitoids of Sumatra and the tin islands In: C.S. Hutchison (ed.) Geology of tin deposits, Springer Verlag, p. 571-589. Wilkinson, M.R., S. Haszeldine, J. Gluyas & N.H. Oxtoby (1998)- Diagenesis; a short (2 million year) story; Miocene sandstones of central Sumatra, Indonesia; discussion and reply. J. Sed. Res. 68, p. 231-234. (Discussion of Gluyas & Oxtoby 1995 paper, disputing the proposed rapid cementation rates) Williams, H.H. & R.T. Eubank (1995)- Hydrocarbon habitat in the rift graben of the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. In: J.J. Lambiase (ed.) Hydrocarbon habitat in rift basins. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 80, p. 331371. (C Sumatra prolific oil attributed to graben sequences with thick organic-rich lacustrine shales, overlying marine sag sequence with excellent reservoirs, development of early structures and high heat flows. Geothermal gradient, average 6. I~ m (3.38~100'). Distribution of oilfields largely fault controlled. Oil migrated vertically out of Eocene-Oligocene Pematang lacustrine shales and laterally up flanks of graben, generally in E direction, filling Miocene Sihapas Fm reservoirs. Hydrocarbos also in rift-fill sequence. Migration distance up to 20 km. Differences in oils reflect different depositional and environmental histories of lake systems)


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Williams, H.H., P.A. Kelley, J.S. Janks & R.M. Christensen (1985)- The Paleogene rift basin source rocks of Central Sumatra. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 58-90. Winderasta, W., K. Witjaksono, E. Mastoadji & Yarmanto (2008)- Central Sumatra and Ombilin Basin: a tectonostratigraphic approach for basin correlation. Indon. Asooc. Geol. (IAGI), Sumatra stratigraphy workshop, p. 1-4 (Abstract only. General similarities in C Sumatra and Ombilin Basin fill, but Ombilin Basin development earlier: Paleocene onset, mid-Oligocene rifting. Red Beds and Brown Shale in C Sumatra are Eocene in age with Late Oligocene main rift phase) Wing Easton, N. (1889)- Geologisch onderzoek van den omtrek der Brandewijnsbaai. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1889, Wetensch. Ged., p. 5-23. ('Geological investigations around Padang Bay', W Sumatra) Wing Easton, N. (1894)- Het voorkomen van Bismuth op het schiereiland Samosir (Toba-Meer). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1894, Techn. Admin. Ged., p. 84-93. ('The occurrence of bismuth on Samosir Peninsula (Lake Toba)'. Small round spheres up to 125 grams of native bismuth in tuffaceous sandstone formation. Periodically exploited by local Batak population for manufacturing bullets. Possibly related to melting of older material during formation of older liparite deposit) Wing Easton, N. (1894)- Een geologische verkenning in de Toba-landen. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 1894, Wetensch. Ged., p. 99-164. ('A geological reconnaissance in the Toba lands', N Sumatra) Wing Easton, N. (1895)- Eenige nadere opmerkingen aangaande de geologie van het Toba-Meer en omgeving. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1895, Wetensch. Ged., p. 149-157. ('Additional comments on the geology of Lake Toba and surroundings', N Sumatra) Wing Easton, N. (1896)- Der Toba See. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 48, p. 435-467. ('Lake Toba', N Sumatra) Wing Easton, N. (1926)- Die wichtigsten Edelmetall-Lagerstatten Sumatras. Archiv Lagerstattenforschung Preussischen Geol. Landesanstalt, Berlin, 35, 53p. ('The most important precious metal deposits of Sumatra'. Overview of principal gold-silver occurrences of W Sumatra: Lebong Donok, Lebong Sulit (Kataun), Lebok Tandai (Simau), Karang Suluh, Lebok Husin (Kandis), Tambang Sawah, Gedang Ilir, Lebok Simpang, Sungei Pagu (Puding), Tambang Salida, Mangani, Roemput, Pait, Belimbing) Wirasantosa, S., H. Harjono & S. Suparka (1994)- Geoscientific surveys of the Sumatra margin. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 29th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Hanoi 1992, Bangkok, 2, p. 147-150. (Brief discussion of marine cruises and profiles in the S part of the offshore Sumatra forearc) Wirasatia, D., E. Arifriadi, R. Adiarsa, R. Adhitiya & Yuki A.N. (2009)- Paleogen system of Bengkulu Basin correlated with South Sumatra basin and source rock prospectivity. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang, PITIAGI2009-148, 14p. (in Indonesian) Wirjodihardjo, K. (1992)- Seismic reef expression in the North Sumatra Basin. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 117-144. (Criteria for E Miocene reefs recognition on N Sumatra seismic. Not much regional info) Wisnu, A. & Nazirman (1997)- Statistic "direct HC indicator" terhadap keberadaan HC di blok Raja, Sumatera Selatan. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, Hidrokarbon, p. 71-88.


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Wissema, G.G. (1947)- Young Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda from the Island of Nias (Malay Archipelago). Doct. Thesis Univ. Leiden, p. 7-212. Wongsosantiko, A. (1976)- Lower Miocene Duri Formation sands, Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 63-76. (E Miocene Duri Fm sand reservoirs productive in 12 fields in C Sumatra. Deltaic sands, derived from North) Woodward, H. (1879)- Further notes on a collection of fossil shells, etc., from Sumatra (obtained by M. Verbeek, Director of the Geological Survey of the West Coast, Sumatra), Part III. Geol. Mag. 6, p. 492-500. Xie Chuanli, Ma Haofan, Liang Honggang, Li Dongmei et al. (2007)- Alluvial fan facies and their distribution in the Lower Talang Akar Formation, Northeast Betara Oilfield, Indonesia. Petroleum Sci. 4, 2, p. 18-28. (Lower Talang Akar Fm in NE Betara Oilfield, Jabung Block, S Sumatra, in alluvial fan facies. Bed F coarse grained, poorly sorted and low quality. Conglomerates characterized by low gamma-ray, low resistance, high density and poor physical reservoir properties) Yabe, H. (1946)- On some fossils from the Saling Limestone of the Goemai Mts., Palembang, Sumatra- part 1. Proc. Japan Acad. 22, 6, p. 200-203. (online at http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/…) (On 1943 examination in Bandung of thin sections of Saling Limestone in supposedly Cretaceous volcanic Saling Series of Gumai Mts. Presence of coral-like Lovcenipora and stromatoporoid Myriophorella. Saling limestone probably same age as U Jurassic Toriosu Lst of Japan. Saling series older than mid-Cretaceous Lingsing series quartz sst, shale with Orbitolina limestone. Relative age of formations is reverse of that suggested by Musper) Yabe, H. (1946)- On some fossils from the Saling Limestone of the Goemai Mts., Palembang, Sumatra- part 2. Proc. Japan Acad. 22, 8, p. 259-264. (Loftusia bemmeleni Silvestri from Saling Lst, S Sumatra, more likely Pseudocyclammina. Corals described from here not Lovcenipora but Late Jurassic Cladocoropsis miriabilis) Yancey, T.E. & S.A. Alif (1977)- Upper Mesozoic strata near Padang, West Sumatra. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 8, p. 61-74. (U Jurassic- Lw Cretaceous Indarung Fm limestones and clastics exposed near Indarung, few km E of Padang. Carbonates wth coral-like Lovcenipora near base and bedded cherts (Ngalan Mb) near top. Indarung Fm used to determine ~200km of offset along Sumatra fault zone. N.B.: Cherts subsequently dated as Aalenian, basal M Jurassic, by McCarthy et al. 2001; Lovcenipora believed to signify Late Triassic age by several authors; HvG) Yanto, Y. & T. Febriwan (2008)- AVO-inversion for reservoir characterization of Baturaja carbonate, Gunung Kembang Field, South Sumatra basin. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-047, 11p. (Gunung Kembang gas-oil field in E Miocene Baturaja Fm carbonates in anticlinorium with max. reservoir thickness 80m, gas cap 40 m, underlain by 8-12m oil column. AVO inversion used to map oil distribution.) Yarmanto & K. Aulia (1989)- Seismic expression of wrench tectonics in the Central Sumatra Basin. Geol.Indonesia (IAGI) 12, 1 (Katili Volume), p. 145-175. (Tertiary wrench faulting dominant in C Sumatra basin. Main deformation phases Pre-Tertiary, Eo-Oligocene and Plio-Pleistocene. Plio-Pleistocene deformation NW-SE, older structures trend mostly N-S) Yarmanto, T.L. Heidrick, Indrawardana & B.L. Strong (1995)- Tertiary tectonostratigraphic development of the Balam depocenter, Central Sumatra basin, Indonesia. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 33-45. (Three major Tertiary tectonic- stratigraphic episodes in Balam Depocenter. Eocene (?)- Oligocene rifting (F1, ±45–25.5 Ma) created N-NNW-trending half-grabens. Balam depocenter compartmentalized. Rift margin faults N-S (Manggala) or NNW-SSE (Jakun and Balam) and dip E-ENE at low-angles. ENE-trending Antara-Nella Accommodation Zone (ANAZ) subdivides Balam Depocenter into shallow N and deep central sections. Regional base Miocene unconformity marks beginning of F2 tectonism (25.5–13.8 Ma). It cuts across basement platforms and F1 inversion structures and grades laterally into sag disconformities above F1 graben thicks. Isopach-


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lithofacies suggest N-S incised braided stream system. Final structuring (F3, 13.8 Ma-Recent) linked to widespread inversion of faults and folds. Giant Bangko and Balam S fields results of F3 structural episode) Yarmanto, I. Muswar, D. Kadar & S. Johansen (2006)- Re-appraisal of shallow marine reservoirs in the Central Sumatra basin, sixty-five years after first hydrocarbon discovery. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exh., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., PG-07, 3 p. (Abstract only) (Sihapas Group 5 major sequences; little or no supporting data) Yarmanto, D. Noeradi & Hendar (2010)- Telisa deposition model in the Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-204, 11p. (On depositional environment and paleogeography of Early Miocene marine shale-dominated Telisa Fm, C Sumatra) Yeni, Y.F. (2011)- Perkembangan sedimentasi Formasi Brani, Formasi Sawahlunto dan Formasi Ombilin ditinjay dari provenance dar komposisi batupasir cekungan Ombilin. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-070, 21p. (On composition and provenance of sandstones of Brani, Sawahlunto and Ombilin Fms in Ombilin Basin, W Sumatra) Yokoyama, T., A. Dharma & P. Hehanussa (1989)- Radiometric ages and paleomagnetism of the Sigura-Gura Formation, upper part of the 'Toba Tuffs' in Sumatra, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 72, p. 161-175. Yokoyama, T. & P.E. Hehanussa (1981)- The age of "Old Toba Tuff" and some problems on the geohistory of Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia. In: Palaeolimnology of Lake Biwa, Japan, Pleistocene, 9, p. 117-186. Yokoyama, T., S. Nishimura, E. Abe, Y. Otofuji, T. Ikeda, S. Suparka & A. Dharma (1980)- Volcano-, magneto- and chronostratigraphy and the geologic structure of Danau Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia. In: S. Nishimura (ed.) Physical geology of Indonesian island arcs, Kyoto University, p. 122-143. Youens, S. (1986)- Porosity determination from seismic data in the Rawa area, Corridor Block PSC. CCOP Tech. Publ. 17, p. 143-155. Yulihanto, B. & B. Situmorang (1998)- Petroleum system of the Mentawai Bengkulu forearc basin, West Sumatra, Indonesia. APEA J. 38, p. 891-892. (Abstract only) (Mentawai-Bengkulu Forearc Basin two phases of development. Bengkulu Sub-basin developed as NE-SW Paleocene graben, followed by N-S Late Oligocene-E Miocene graben system. Mentawai Sub-basin N-S oriented Late Oligocene- E Miocene graben system only. Bengkulu Basin Eocene lacustrine sediments poorly documented. Onshore Late Oligocene- Early Miocene prospective petroleum source rocks. High pristane/ phytane ratio and alkanes from waxy material of terrestrial plants. Potential reservoir rocks in Eocene and Late Oligocene-E Miocene fluvial-alluvial clastics, Oligo-Miocene carbonate facies and shallow marine sandstones). Other potential reservoirs early M Miocene reefal carbonates in Mentawai Sub-basin. Regional seal U Miocene-Pliocene marine shales) Yulihanto, B. & B. Situmorang (2002)- Structural inversion and its influence on depositional processes in the Aru area, North Sumatra basin, Indonesia. Proc. First Offshore Australia Conf., p. III-25- III-42. Yulihanto, B. & B. Situmorang (2002)- Tertiary inversion tectonics in the North Sumatra basin, Indonesia. Jour. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 130, p. 28-48. Yulihanto, B., B. Situmorang, A. Nurdjajadi & B. Sain (1995)- Structural analysis of the onshore Bengkulu basin and its implications for future hydrocarbon exploration activity. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 85-96.


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(Two asymmetrical grabens in area, Pagarjati Graben in NW, Kedurang Graben in SE, separated by N-S trending Masmambang High. Two rift phases: NE-SW Paleogene grabens, overprinted by N-S Oligo-Miocene grabens, related to dextral motions along Sumatra Fault System. First transtensional episode in Oligo-Miocene (fluvialshallow marine Seblat Fm sst, conglomerates, tuffaceous shales and limestones). Rejuvenation of extensional faults in M-L Miocene (Lemau Fm sst, claystones, coals). Basin subsidence continued during Late Miocene-Pliocene (littoral Simpangaur Fm). Shallow marine Plio-Pleistocene Bintunan Fm deposited during Barisan orogeny basin uplift and volcanic activity. Exploration potential in Pagarjati and Kedurang Grabens in Seblat Fm sands and M Miocene limestones and potential source rocks in organically rich Lemau Fm. If Paleogene basin initiation model is accepted, may be potential for lacustrine source rocks) Yulihanto, B., S. Sofyan, S. Widjaja, A. Nurdjajadi & S. Hastuti (1996)- Bengkulu forearc basin (South Sumatra). Post-Convention field trip, October 1996, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 68p. Yulihanto, B. & I.B. Sosrowijoyo (1996)- Constraints on the new exploration strategies in the future for the Bengkulu forearc basin, Indonesia. In: Proc. 11th Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1996, p. 169-176. (W Sumatra Bengkulu forearc basin exploration mainly targeting Miocene carbonate buildups and E Miocene basal sandstones. Prior to M Miocene Barisan Range uplift Bengkulu basin was comnnected to S Sumatran basin. Future exploration may be concentrated in Paleo-Eocene and Oligo-Miocene grabens) Yulihanto, B. & B. Wiyanto (1999)- Hydrocarbon potential of the Mentawai forearc basin, West Sumatra. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 24 p. (Series of N-S trending Paleogene grabens, partly inverted in M-L Miocene with various potential hydrocarbon plays) Yunus, M., B. Denk & Suprihatin (1993)- Geological contributions to the enhanced oil recovery project at the Kenali Asam Field. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 793-793. Yuwono, R.W., B.S. Fitriana, P.S. Kirana, S.Djaelani & B.A. Sjafwan (2010)- Bentu & Korinci Baru block: proven and potential shallow biogenic gas in Central Sumatra Basin. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-226, 16p. (Bentu and Korinci Baru PSC in C Sumatra contain biogenic gas fields with up to 350 BCF of biogenic gas. Formerly considered drilling hazard in search for deeper oil, now producing. Main gas sands in Late MiocenePliocene Binio Fm coastal deposits, in NW-SE anticlines. Reservoirs 600'-2000' below sea level, 7-25' thick, and excellent porosity. Seismic data shows strong amplitude anomalies, but some bright spots are coals or thin stacked water sands. Biogenic gas origin demonstrated by carbon isotope d13C values of -62 to -66 ‰.) Yuwono, R.W., B.S. Fitriana, P.S. Kirana, S.Djaelani & B.A. Sjafwan (2011)- Biogenic gas exploration and development in Bentu PSC. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-108. 17 p. (Same paper as above) Zachariasen, J., K. Sieh, F.W. Taylor, R.L. Edwards & W.S. Hantoro (1999)- Submergence and uplift associated with the giant 1833 Sumatran subduction earthquake: evidence from coral microatolls. J. Geophys. Res. 104, p. 895-919. Zachariasen, J., K. Sieh, F.W. Taylor & W.S. Hantoro (2000)- Modern vertical deformation above the Sumatran subduction sone: paleogeodetic insights from coral microatolls. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90, p. 897-913. Zaim, Y., Y. Rizal, G.F. Gunnell, T.A. Stidham & R.L. Ciochon (2011)- First evidence of Miocene avian tracks from Sumatra. Berita Sedim. 20, p. 5-6. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/bs20-sumatra.html. Ombilin Basin E Miocene intertidal beach sediments of Sawahlunto Fm with tracks of two different types of shorebirds. Represent first discovery of bird footprint fossils in Indonesia)


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Zeliff, C.W. & D. Bastian (2000)- New play in a mature basin: prospecting for gas. AAPG Int. Conf and Exhib., Bali 2000, AAPG Bull. 84, 9 (Abstract only) (Dayung-1 1991 wildcat well, S Sumatra tested gas in fractured pre-Tertiary granite wash and granite. Since Dayung, Gulf discovered 8 gas fields where basement rocks represent primary reservoir) Zeliff, C.W., S.W. Trollope & E. Maulana (1985)- Exploration cycles in the Corridor Block, South Sumatra. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 379-400. (Corridor area in S Sumatra several cycles of petroleum exploration. Exploration by BPM (Shell) in early 1890's, resulted in several small, shallow oil fields. Second cycle concentrating on deep Talang Akar prospects through 1930's terminated by World War II. Low level of activity post World War II through late 1960's. Modern exploration cycle initiated by Stanvac in 1971 and Asamera after 1980, with Tanjung Laban and Ramba fields discoveries in 1982). Zen, M.T. (1970)- Origin of Lake Singkarak in the Padang Highlands (Central Sumatra). Inst. Tekn. Bandung J. Science 5, 1, p. 1-8. (Lake Singkarak in Padang Highlands previously interpreted as volcanic caldera, but Singkarak Trough is fault-bounded depression, and part of Sumatra Rift zone, stretching for 1650 km from Sumatra’s N tip to Semangko valley in SE, and already identified by Westerveld (1952), Katili (1967), etc.) Zen, M.T. (1983)- Krakatau and the tectonic importance of Sunda Strait. Bull. Jurusan Geol., 12, p. 9-22. Zen, M.T. (1989)- Seismicity of the Sumatra fault zones. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 197-205. (Earthquakes in W Sumatra either shallow and related to subduction or related to right-lateral Sumatra Fault) Zen, M.T. (1993)- Deformation de l'avant-arc en reponse a une subduction a convergence oblique. Exemple de Sumatra. Doct. Thesis, Univ. Paris VII, Institut de Physique du Globe, p. ('Deformation of the fore-arc in response to oblique convergence- example of Sumatra') Ziegler, K.G.J. (1921)- Verslag over de resultaten van geologisch- mijnbouwkundig onderzoek van het KendiRingin kolenveld (Res. Palembang). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 47 (1918), Verh. 2, p. 141-189. ('Report on the results of geological-mining investigation of the Kendi-Ringin coal field (Res. Palembang)'. Coal field with 12 coalbeds in Middle Palembang Fm. Coal grade improved by andesite intrusives) Ziegler, K.G.J. (1922)- Verslag over het onderzoek der asfalt-terreinen by Tandjoeng Laoet (Res. Palembang). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 47 (1920), Verh. 1, p. 33-69. ('Investigation of asphalt deposits near Tanjung Laut (Res. Palembang)'. Six surface asphalt deposits 50 km WNW of Palembang, S Sumatra, which are large, degraded oil seeps in outcropping ?Pliocene clastics) Zonneveld, J. P., Y. Zaim, Y. Rizal, R.L. Ciochon, E.A. Bettis, Aswan & G.F. Gunnell (2011)- Oligocene shorebird footprints, Kandi, Ombilin Basin, Sumatra. Ichnos 18, 4, p. 221-227. (Two types of bird footprints in intertidal sand flat fine sandstone of Oligocene Sawahlunto Fm in outcrop near Kandi Ombilin Mine. Referable to ichnogenus Aquatilavipes and similar to small modern shorebirds) Zonneveld, J.P., Y. Zaim, Y. Rizal, R.L. Ciochon, E.A. Bettis, Aswan & G.F. Gunnell (2012)- Ichnological constraints on the depositional environment of the Sawahlunto Formation, Kandi, northwest Ombilin Basin, west Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 45, 2, p. 106-113. (Low diversity trace fossil assemblage from Oligocene Sawahlunto Fm near Kandi, NW Ombilin Basin, W Sumatra. Traces and mud-draped and bidirectional ripples imply tidally-influenced marine setting. Bird footprints (Aquatilavipes) imply periodic subaerial exposure) Zulkarnain, I. (2007)- Variasi geokimia batuan volkanik daerah Bengkulu di sabuk pegunungan Bukit Barisan, Sumatera dan implikasi tektoniknya, J. Tekn. Mineral (ITB) 14, 2, p. 89-102.


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(‘Geochemical variation of volcanic rocks in the Bengkulu area in the Barisan mountain belt and tectonic implications’. Bengkulu volcanics derived from two sources. Magma “one” in E area indicates young (<30 Ma) and hot subducted slab involved in subduction, producing adakite-like volcanics. Geochemical character reflects backarc-side of volcanic arc) Zulkarnain, I. (2007)- Geochemical character of Hulusimpang Formation volcanics around Kota Agung area, and their genetic implication. J. Tekn. Mineral (ITB) 14, 3, p. 156-167. (Hulusimpang Fm Oligocene- E Miocene volcanics mainly in S Sumatera Bengkulu and Lampung Provinces and associated with gold mineralization. Around Kota Agung bimodal medium-K calc-alkaline magmas of basalt and dacite. Absence of andesitic rocks indicates change from basaltic to dacitic caused by contamination processes instead of fractional crystallization or magmatic differentiation. REE diagrams suggest Hulusimpang Fm rocks derived from same magma source, similar to backarc “magma one” of Bengkulu; Zulkarnain 2007) Zulkarnain, I. (2008)- Petrogenesis batuan vulkanik daerah tambang emas Lebong Tandai, Provinsi Bengkulu, berdasarkan karakter geokimianya. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 3, 2, p. 57-73. (Lebong Tandai in N Bengkulu known as gold mine since Dutch time. Hulusimpang Fm volcanics dominated by andesites with minor dacite and basalt, transitional between calc-alkaline and tholeiite. Derived from adakitic source. Magma activity since >30 Ma in back-arc environment. Gold mineralization corresponded with observation from Phillippine that adakitic rocks contain higher gold concentration than calc-alkaline rocks) Zulkarnain, I. (2009)- Geochemical signature of Mesozoic volcanic and granitic rocks in Madina Regency area, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and its tectonic implication. Jurnal Geol. Indon. 4, 2, p. 117-131. (Permian-Triassic basalts, Triassic-Jurassic granitic rocks, and Miocene andesite from Madina Regency area, W Sumatra Block. Petrographic analysis of Mesozoic basaltic samples indicates island-arc/ back-arc marginal basin tectonic setting. Mesozoic granitic rocks and Miocene andesite reflect active continental margin) Zulkarnain, I. (2011)- Geochemical evidence of island-arc origin for Sumatra Island; a new perspective based on volcanic rocks in Lampung Province, Indonesia. J. Geol. Indonesia 6, 4, p. 213-225. (online at: www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article.../317) (Volcanic rock chemistry from Lampung volcanics suggest suggests volcanics from W are island-arc fragment and E part belongs to Eurasia continental margin. Collision zone between Sumatra island-arc fragments with Eurasia continental margin probably located along Sumatra Fault System) Zwierzycki, J. (1918)- Geologische beschrijving van het eiland Poeloe We, onderafdeeling We der afdeeling Groot Atjeh. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 48 (1916), Verh. 2, p. 1-10. (Geological description of Pulau We, Aceh. Island off NW tip of Sumatra, composed of young andesitic volcanics only) Zwierzycki, J. (1922)- Geologische overzichtskaart van den Nederlandsch Oost Indischen Archipel, schaal 1: 1000,000- Toelichting bij blad 1 (Noord Sumatra). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 48 (1919), Verh.1, p. 11-71. (Part of series of 1: 1 million geological overview maps. Map 1: North Sumatra) Zwierzycki, J. (1922)- Geologische overzichtskaart van den Nederlandsch Oost Indischen Archipel, schaal 1: 1000,000- Toelichting bij blad VII (Tapanoeli, Sumatra’s Oostkust, Sumatra’s westkust). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 48 (1919), Verh. 1, p. 72-192. (Geological overview map 1: 1 million- VII: Tapanuli, C Sumatra) Zwierzycki, J. (with W.J. Twiss) (1922)- Verslag over een geologische verkenning van het Jong-Tertiaire gebied van Noordwest Atjeh in de onderafdeeling Groot-Atjeh (Terrrein “Atjeh III”). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 48 (1919), Verh.1, p. 230-249. ('Report on a geological reconnaissance of the Late Tertiary area of NW Aceh '. Permo-Carboniferous and Jurassic unconformably overlain by Paleogene sands and Neogene clastics and limestones With 1:100,000 scale map)


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Zwierzycki, J. (1930)- Geologische overzichtskaart van den Nederlandsch Oost Indischen Archipel, schaal 1: 1000,000- Toelichting bij blad VIII (Midden Sumatra, Bangka en de Riauw eilanden). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 58 (1929), Verh., p. 73-157. ('Geological overview map of the Netherlands Indies Archipelago1: 1 million- VIII, Central Sumatra, Banka and Riau islands') Zwierzycki, J. (1931)- Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1:200.000. Toelichting bij blad 1 (Teloekbetoeng). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, 30 p. ('Geological Map of Sumatra, 1:200,000, sheet 1- Telukbetung'. Map sheet SE tip of Sumatra. Crystalline schists, presumably pre-Carboniferous, intruded by granites, presumably Pre-Cretaceous, locally overlain by folded Cretaceous clastics with mid-Cretaceous Orbitolina in adjacent map sheet. Tertiary- Quaternary rocks exclusively volcanics) Zwierzycki, J. (1932)- Geologische kaart van Sumatera, schaal 1:200 000. Toelichting bij Blad 2 (Kotaagoeng). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, 30p. ('Geological Map of Sumatra, 1:200,000, sheet 2- Kota Agung'. Map sheet S tip of Sumatra. Isoclinally folded crystalline schists in NE, presumably pre-Carboniferous, locally overlain by folded marine Cretaceous shales (stike NW-SE), sandstone, radiolarian cherts and limestone with mid-Cretaceous Orbitolina. Mid Tertiary ‘Old Andesites’ and older formations overlain by transgressive Neogene clastics and reefal limestones) Zwierzycki, J. (1933)- Enkele nieuwere geologische waarnemingen op de tineilanden en op Sumatra betreffende het tinvraagstuk. De Mijningenieur 14, p. 171-176. (‘Some newer geological observations on the tin islands and on Sumatra regarding the tin problem’) Zwierzycki, J. (1935)- Die Ergebnisse der palaobotanischen Djambi-Expedition 1925. 1. Die geologischen Ergebnisse. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 59 (1930), Verh. 2, p. 1-70. ('The geological results of the 1925 paleobotanical Jambi expedition', C Sumatra. Expedition to sample Permian plant fossils (see Jongmans & Gothan 1935, Van Waveren et al. op. div.). Two large granite massifs: Nalo- Airbatoe (older than Upper Carboniferous; part of large nappe) and Nagan (intruded in isoclinally folded Triassic-Jurassic slates. Paleozoic Vorbarisan thrusted over Mesozoic, probably from East) Zwierzycki, J. & R.W. van Bemmelen (1936)- Het Paleogeen van Sumatra. De Ingen. in Nederl.-Indie IV, 3, 9, p. 160-161. ('The Paleogene of Sumatra'. Critical review of Sumatra chapter of Badings (1936) compilation of Paleogene in Indonesia) Zwierzycki, J. & O. Posthumus (1926)- De paleobotanische Djambi-expeditie (1925). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 43, 1926, p. 203-216. ('The paleo-botanic Jambi expedition 1925'. First report of the expedition to the famous Jambi Early Permian flora localities on the Merangin River, ~75km W of Sarolangun, C Sumatra)


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II.2. Sunda Shelf (incl. 'Tin islands', Singkep, Karimata) Abidin, H.Z. (2000)- Penagan tin deposits, Bangka island. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 10, 110, p. Abidin, H.Z. (2002)- Stratiform tin deposit at Sambung Giri, Bangka, Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 126, p. 2- . Abidin, H.Z. & B.H. Harahap (2005)- Petrologi granit pluton dari daerah Tenggara Palau Bangka. J. Sumber daya Geol. 15, 1, p. 102-110. ('Petrology of a granite plution from the SE area of Bangka Island') Adam, J.W.H. (1960)- On the geology of the primary tin ore deposits in the sedimentary formation of Billiton, Indonesia. Geol. Mijnbouw 39, 10, p. 405-426. (Billiton Island part of belt of tin mineralization from Burma, Malaya into Java Sea. Primary cassiterite lodes emplaced in folded Permo-Carboniferous sediments, near Cretaceous granite intrusives. Most important cassiterite deposits are bedding-plane lodes at contact of shale and sandstone or radiolarite. Magnetite common in many lodes) Aernout, W.A.J. (1922)- Verslag over eene geologisch-mijnbouwkundige verkenning der Karimata-eilanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verh. 1, p. 305-320. (Reconnaisance geological-mining investigation of Karimata group of 50 islands off SW Kalimantan. Mainly Lower Cretaceous granites and volcanics. Minor contact-metamorphic Triassic-Jurassic sediments (hornfels, quartzite). Regarded as western continuation of Schwaner Mountains (also related to Bangka-Billiton tin islands ?; HvG). U Cretaceous- Lower Tertiary sediments probably absent. With 1:200,000 scale map) Akkeringa, J.E. (1872)- Rapport van het Distrikt Blinjoe, eiland Bangka. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 1872, 1, p. 41-148. ('Report on the Blinyu District, Bangka island') Akkeringa, J.E. (1873)- Verslag van een onderzoek naar tinaders op het eiland Billiton. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1873, 2, p. 3-72. ('Report on an investigation of tin ore veins on the island of Belitung') Aleva, G.J.J. (1956)- The grain size distribution of quartz in granitic rocks of Billiton, Indonesia. Geol. Mijnbouw 18, p. 177-187. (Chemical nature of weathering of granites in Billiton causes complete alteration of feldspar and Fe-Mg minerals, leaving residu of quartz and some accessory minerals. Lognormal size distribution of quartz in Billiton granite) Aleva, G.J.J. (1960)- The plutonic rocks from Billiton. Geol. Mijnbouw 39, 10, p. 427-436. Aleva, G.J.J. (1973)- Aspects of the historical and physical geology of the Sunda Shelf, essential to the exploration of submarine tin placers. Geol. Mijnbouw 52, p. 78-91. Aleva, G.J.J. (1985)- Indonesian fluvial cassiterite placers and their genetic environment. J. Geol. Soc., London 142, p. 815-836. (On tin placer deposits in alluvial valley systems near Belitung and Singkep island. 95% of mineable cassiterite directly on weathered bedrock) Aleva, G.J.J., E.H. Bon, J.J. Nossin & W.J. Sluiter (1973)- A contribution to the geology of part of the Indonesian tin belt: the area between Singkep and Bangka islands and around the Karimata islands. In: Proc. Regional Conf. Geology of Southeast Asia, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 6, p. 257-271. (also in Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Mining, Bandung, 4, 1, p. 1-22 (1972))


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(Acoustic surveys and core holes between Singkep and Bangka and around Karimata islands. Basement covered by unconsolidated sub-horizontal sands with peat interbeds, probably Late Tertiary age. Followed by sediment-filled gullies, incised into older sediments, also with peat, also Late Tertiary. Near-horizontal planation surface at 20-30m below sea level, overlain by young marine sediments) Archbold, N.W. (1983)- A Permian nautiloid from Belitung, Indonesia. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 4, p. 32-36. (Fragment of nautiloid Neorthoceras suggests E Permian age for part of NE Belitung Island 'basement' rocks. With summary of other Late Paleozoic macrofossil occurrences) Aryanto, N.C.D., N. Sukmana & P. Rahardjo (2001)- Specific heavy minerals study on the South Bangka island: a statistical approach. In: Proc. CCOP 37th Ann. Sess. Bangkok 2000, 2, Techn. Repts., p. 65-70. Baartmans, J.A., H. Boissevain, J. van Galen, P.H. Kuenen, T. Raven, G.L. Smit Sibinga, J. Weeda & J.I.S. Zonneveld (1947)- De morfologie van de Java- en Soenda Zee. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen. II-64, p. 442465 and p. 555-576. ('The morphology of the Java and Sunda Sea'. Overview of Java Sea morphology and morphological history) Baharuddin & Sidarto (1995)- Geologic map Belitung, Sumatra. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Batchelor, B.C. (1979)- Geological characteristics of certain coastal and offshore placers as essential guides for tin exploration in Sundaland, Southeast Asia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 11, p. 283-313. (Over 95% of tin production in Malaysia and Indonesia from 'alluvial' placers. Discontinuously rising late Cenozoic eustatic sea-levels and accompanying climate changes main controls on Sundaland sedimentation. Late Cenozoic subdivided into Sundaland regiolith (Late Miocene- E Pliocene), Older sedimentary cover (Pliocene- E Pleistocene) and Young Alluvium (Late Pleistocene- Holocene)) Batchelor, B.C. (1979)- Discontinuously rising late Cainozoic eustatic sea-levels, with special reference to Sundaland, Southeast Asia. Geologie Mijnbouw 58, 1, p. 1-20. (M Miocene- Recent cyclicity) Bellwood, P. (1990)- From Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene in Sundaland. In: C. Gamble & O. Soffer (eds.) The world at 18 000 BP; II, Low latitudes, p. 255-263. Ben-Avraham, Z. & K.O. Emery (1973)- Structural framework of Sunda Shelf. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 57, p. 2323-2366. Bird, M. I., W.C. Pang & K. Lambeck (2006)- The age and origin of the Straits of Singapore. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 241, p. 531-538. Bodenhausen, J.W.A. (1954)- The mineral assemblage of some residual monazite- and xenotime-rich cassiterite deposits of Banka (Indonesia). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet. B57, 3, p. 322-328. (Heavy minerals of young clastics of Muntok District, Bangka, 30-60% cassiterite, 19-22% monazite, 11-31% ilmenite, 1-5% xenotime) Bon E.H. (1979)- Exploration techniques employed at the Pulau Tujuh tin discovery. In: A. Prijono, C. Long and R. Sweatman (eds.) The Indonesian mining industry, its present and future, Proc. First Indonesian Mining Symposium, Jakarta 1977, Indon. Mining Assoc., Jakarta, p 147-183. Bothe, A.C. (1924)- Enkele opmerkingen over stroomtinertsvorming op het eiland Bintan. De Mijningenieur 5, 9, p. 146-151. ('Some remarks of the formation of alluvial tin ore on Bintan island'. With geologic map S Bintan 1:150,000)


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Bothe, A.C.D. (1925)- Het voorkomen van tinerts in den Riau archipel en op de eilanden van Poelau Toedjoeh (Anambas en Natuna eilanden). Verslag. Meded. Indische Delfstoffen en Hare Toepassingen, Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.- Indie 18, p. 1-42. (‘The occurrence of tin ore in the Riau Archipelago and the Anambas and Natuna islands’. Widespread indications of cassiterite ore, but no large deposits. Includes presence of Upper Triassic Halobia-bearing shales. With maps of islands of Karimon, Kundur, Bintan, Lingga, Batam and Anambas- Natuna. Geology described in more detail in Bothe 1928) Bothe, A.C.D. (1928)- Geologische verkenningen in den Riouw-Lingga archipel en de eilandengroep der Poelau Toedjoeh (Anambas en Natoena eilanden). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 54 (1925), Verhand. 2, p. 101-152. (‘Geological reconnaissance in the Riau-Lingga Archipelago and Anambas and Natuna islands’.) Cissarz, A. & F. Baum (1960)- Vorkommen und Mineralinhalt der Zinnerzlagerstatten von Bangka (Indonesien). Geol. Jahrbuch 77, p. 541-580. ('Occurrence and mineral content of tin ore deposits of Bangka, Indonesia'. Primary tin mineralization associated with Young Cimmerian granites in Triassic sediments) Collette, B.J. (1954)- On the gravity field of the Sunda region. Geol. Mijnbouw 16, p. 271-300. De Groot, C. (1887)- Herinneringen aan Blitong, historisch, lithologisch, mineralogisch, geographisch, geologisch en mijnbouwkundig. H.L. Smits, The Hagua, p. 1-549. ('Memories of Belitung, historic, lithologic, mineralogic, geologic and mining'. One of oldest reports on geology and tin mining on Billiton/ Belitung island by mining engineer De Groot) De Neve, G.A. & W.P. de Roever (1947)- Upper Triassic fossiliferous limestones in the island of Bangka. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 50, 10, p. 1312-1314. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018447.pdf) (Upper Triassic low metamorphic limestones below Loemoet mine tin deposits, SE of Klabat Bay, folded with phyllites and fine-crystalline quartzites. First documentation of poorly preservled Norian corals (Montlivaltia molukkana), calcareous sponges (Peronidella moluccana) and crinoids (Entrochus spec., Encrinus). No illustrations) De Roever, W.P. (1950)- Over een door oplossing van kalksteen gevormde depressive in het kongoppervlak op Banka, waarin een grote hoeveelheid tinerts is geaccumuleerd (mijn 7 der Sectie Belinju). De Ingen. in Indonesia, IV, 2, 3, p. 6-16. ('On a depression in the kong surface of Bangka formed by dissolution of limestone, in which a large quantity of tin ore accumulated (mine 7 of Belinju sector)') De Roever, W.P. (1951)- Some additional data on the stratigraphy of Bangka. Geol. Mijnbouw 13, 10, p. 339342. (New fossil finds on Bangka Island include: Upper Triassic in limestone bed in dynamo-metamorphic clastics and volcanics in Lumut tin mine (coral Montlivaltia molukkana Wanner, sponges Peronidella moluccana Wilckens and crinoids). Also Permian white silicified limestone interbedded in phyllite-sandstone series with fusulinids in old tin mine 17 at at Airduren, NE Bangka, including ) Dickerson, R.E. (1941)- Molengraaff river; a drowned Pleistocene stream and other Asian evidences bearing upon the lowering of sea level during the ice age. Proc. Univ. Penn. Bicent. Conf., p. 13-24. (In Pleistocene a great river, here named Molengraaff River, flowed N between Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with its headwaters in Sumatra. Evidenced by distribution of similar freshwater fish species in E Sumatra and W Kalimantan and configuration and sediments of drowned valley. Sea level was lowered by 240-300’ during last glaciation)


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Dirk, M.H.J. & U. Hartono (2003)- Kondisi yang memungkinkan mineralisasi timah pada batuan granitik: suatu analisis kasus pada batuan granitik dari Menumbing Pulau Bangka, Karimun dan Kundur. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 13, 144, p. ('Possible tin mineralization conditions from granitic rocks; analysis…Bangka, Karimun and Kundur islands') Dirk, M.H.J. (2004)- Granit Menumbing, Pulau Bangka. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 14, 1, p. ('The Menumbing granite, Bangka Island') Dirk, M.H.J. (2004)- Lingkungan tektonik dan skenarion pembentukan batuan granitik Menumbing Pulau Bangka, Pualu Karimun, Pulau Kundur dan pulau Bintan, berdasarkan kandungan unsure jejak. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 14, 2, p. ('Tectonic overview and intrusion scenario of Menumbing granitic rocks from the islands Bangka, Karimun, Kundur and Bintan') Doorman, W.H.C. (1910)- De tinontginningen in Nederlands Oost-Indie, in het bijzonder die op Billiton. De Indische Gids 32, 1, p. 595-619. ('The tin exploitation in Netherlands East Indies, particularly those on Belitung') Edwards, G. & W.A. McLaughlin (1965)- Age of granites from the tin province of Indonesia. Nature 206, 4986, p. 814-816. (Radiometric dating of igneous rocks collected by Schurmann) Emery, K.O. (1969)- Distribution patterns of sediments on the continental shelves of western Indonesia. United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 2, p. 79-82. Emmel, F.J. & J.R. Curray (1982)- A submerged late Pleistocene delta and other features related to sea level changes in the Malacca Strait. Marine Geol. 47, p. 192-216. Esenwein, P. (1933)- Die Eruptiv-, Sediment- und Kontaktgesteine der Karimata-Inseln. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 24, 116 p. ('The volcanic, sedimentary and contact-metamorphic rocks of the Karimata islands'. Located between Belitung and W Kalimantan and considered to be western geological continuation of Kalimantan Schwaner Mountains. Common ?Triassc-Jurassic? igneous (incl. granites, gabbro, diabase) and contact-metamorphic rocks. Relatively minor ?Triassic- Jurassic? unfossiliferous sediments) Everwijn, R. (1872)- Verslag van een onderzoek naar tinerts op eenige eilanden behorende tot de residentie Riouw. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1872, 2, p. 73-126. ('Report of a survey of tin ore on some islands in the Riau residency') Germeraad, J.H. (1941)- On the rocks of the island of Koendoer, Riauw Archipelago, Netherlands East Indies. Proc. Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 44, 10, p. 1227-1233. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017687.pdf) (Brief review of Kundur island geology, probably continuation of Malay Penisula geology: granitic batholiths intruded into pre-Carboniferous schists/ amphibolites and lateritized ?Triassic sediments (red quartz-rich conglomerates, quartzites, limonite-rocks), causing contact-metamorphism. Petrography of rocks collected by Roggeveen during tin survey in 1930: amphiblolites (metamorphoesed gabbro), quartzites, greisens, granites, quartz veins with cassiterite and wolframite, etc. ) Groothoff, C.T. (1915)- De greisen-vorming in het Batoe-Besie granietmassief (Billiton). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 1, p. 319-336. ('Greisen-formation in the Batu Besi granite massif (Belitung)') Groothoff, C.T. (1916)- De primaire tinertsafzettingen van Billiton. Thesis Delft Technical Univ., p. 1-103. ('On the primary tin deposits of Billiton Island'. Tin-bearing quartz veins associated with cooling of granites)


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Groothoff, C.T. (1916)- Eenige merkwaardige gesteenten van Billiton. Verhand. Nederl. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 3 (Molengraaf Volume), p. 89-106. ('Some remarkable rocks from Belitung'. Includes descriptions of granite with primary cassiterite, granite with fluorite, topaze-bearing rocks, tourmaline greisen, etc.) Haile, N.S. (1971)- Quaternary shorelines in West Malaysia and adjacent parts of the Sunda Shelf. Quaternaria 15, p. 333-343. Haile, N.S. (1973)- The geomorphology and geology of the northern part of the Sunda shelf and its place in the Sunda mountain system. Pacific Geol. 1973, 6, p. 73-89. Hamzah, Y. (1995)- Tin placer deposits off the Rebo area, East coast of Bangka Island, Indonesia. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 79-89. Hamzah, Y. (1998)- Geophysical survey of tin placer deposits in West Singkep offshore, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 34th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Taejon, Korea 1997, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 55-63. (Geophysical survey W of Singkep, NW of Bangka, to map cassiterite-bearing channels on biotite granite basement surface) Hanebuth, T.J.J. & K. Stattegger (2003)- The stratigraphic evolution of the Sunda Shelf during the past fifty thousand years. In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Deltas of Southeast Asia and vicinity-sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology, SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, p. 189-200. (Sunda shelf extensively exposed during last glaciation, with soil formation and sediment bypass. Subsequent sea level rise caused stepwise drowning) Hanebuth, T.J.J. & K. Stattegger (2004)- Depositional sequences on a late Pleistocene-Holocene tropical siliciclastic shelf (Sunda Shelf, Southeast Asia). J. Asian Earth Sci. 23, p.113-126. (Sunda Shelf tropical siliciclastic shelf with low gradient, extreme width, huge paleo-valley systems, high sediment input due to large catchment area. Four systems tracts during last glacial sea-level fall and subsequent deglacial rise: (a) wide, partly detached deltaic clinoforms indicate forced regression; (b) shoreline deposits and soil formation of lowstand systems tract; (c) backstepping coastline deposits form confined transgressive systems tract and mainly restricted to paleo-valley system; (d) thin marine mud cover as condensed section over whole shelf (base of HST)) Hanebuth, T.J.J., K. Stattegger & A. Bojanowski (2009)- Termination of the Last Glacial Maximum sea-level lowstand: the Sunda-Shelf data revisited. Global Planet. Change 66, p. 76-84. (Sunda Shelf Late Pleistocene paleo-coastal relict forms indicating older lowstand 5 m deeper than sea level during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21-19 ka BP). Sunda shelf LGM sea level recalculated to 123 ± 2 m below modern water depth) Hanebuth, T.J.J., K. Stattegger & P.M. Grootes (2000)- Rapid flooding of the Sunda Shelf- a late-glacial sealevel record. Science 288, p.1033-1035. (Sea level rise after last glacial maximum at ~20 ka derived from siliciclastic shoreline facies. Record generally confirms reconstructions from coral reefs (~ -115m at 20 ka). Rise of sea level during meltwater pulse 1A was 16 m in 300 years between 14.6 to 14.3 ka) Hanebuth, T.J.J., K. Stattegger & Y. Saito (2002)- The stratigraphic architecture of the central Sunda Shelf (SE Asia) recorded by shallow-seismic surveying. Geo-Marine Lett. 22, p. 86-94. (Shallow seismic identified units and surfaces of last three 100 ka Pleistocene sea-level cycles)


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Hanebuth, T.J.J., K. Stattegger, A. Schimanski, T. Ludmann & H.K. Wong (2003)- Late Pleistocene forced regressive deposits on the Sunda Shelf (SE Asia). Marine Geol. 199, p. 139-157. Hanebuth, T.J.J., H.K. Voris, Y. Yokoyama, Y. Saito & J. Okuno (2011)- Formation and fate of sedimentary depocentres on Southeast Asia's Sunda Shelf over the past sea-level cycle and biogeographic implications. Earth Sci. Rev.104, p. 92-110. (Review of sedimentary-biogeographic history of tropical Sunda Shelf as end-member of continental shelves of extreme width, enormous sediment supply and high biodiversity in response to rapid sea-level fluctuations) Hantoro, W.S., P.A. Pirazzoli, H. Faure, R. Djuwansah & L. Faure-Denard (1995)- The Sunda and Sahul continental platform: lost land of the last glacial continent in SE Asia. Quatern. Int. 29-30, p. 129-134. Hardjawidjaksana, K. & B. Dwiyanto (1998)- Submarine surface sediment distribution and mineral resources map of Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, 2, p. 231-245. (Broad Sunda shelf region in Indonesia marked by complex depositional and erosional patterns. In addition to tin, large offshore deposits of detrital heavy minerals zircon and rutile offshore S Kalimantan and Java Sea) Hardjawidjaksana, K., N.A. Kristanto & M. Salahudin (2000)- Offshore mineral deposits, an assessment of seabed resources of Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 45-60. Harsono, R.A.F. (1975)- Pengaruh gerak Kwarter terhadap akumulasi sekunder bijih timah di Bangka. Geol. Indonesia 2, 3, p. 1-9. (On Quaternary secondary tin accumulations of Bangka island) Harsono, R. (1987)- General aspects of the granitoids in the Indonesian Tin islands and the surroundings. SEATRAD Bull. VIII, 2, p. 17-27. Hehuwat, F. (1973)- The significance of zircon and rutile distribution pattern on the Sunda shelf. UN ESCAP Repts. 9th Session CCOP, Bandung 1972, p. 164-171. (Sunda Shelf locally covered by thin veneer of Quaternary relict and residual sediments. Zircon and rutile derived from metamorphic and igneous rocks. Main concentrations of heavy minerals at S side of Sunda Shelf platform) Hermes, J.J. & D.R. de Vletter (1942)- Contribution to the petrography of Bintan (Riouw Lingga Archipelago). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 45, 1, p. 82-88. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017703.pdf) (Petrography of rocks collected at Bintan island by Roggeveen in 1930. Bintan dominated by granitic rocks. Sediments two formations: Triassic highly folded phyllites, liparite- dacite-tuffs and quartz schists, intruded by granite and unconformably overlain in S and SW by much less folded clastics with streaks of coal) Hinde, G.J. (1897)- Note on a radiolarian chert from the island of Billiton. In: Verbeek (1897) Geologische beschrijving van Bangka en Billiton, Jaarboek Mijnwezen in Nederl. Oost-Indie 26 (1897), p. 223-227. (Radiolarian cherts in folded Triassic shales-sands of Billiton/ Belitung Island) Holt, R.A. (1998)- The gravity field of Sundaland- acquisition, assessment and interpretation. Ph.D. Thesis. Birkbeck College and University College, University of London, p. . Hosking, K.F.G., T.E. Yancey, H.L. Strimple & M.T. Jones (1977)- The discovery of macrofossils at Selumar, Belitung, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Soc.Malaysia 8, p. 113-116. Hosking, K.F.G. & T.B.A. Rabelink (1978)- Galena-bearing grains from the Lenggang stanniferous placers, Belitung, Indonesia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 10, p. 63-72.


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Houtz, R.E. & D.E. Hayes (1984)- Seismic refraction data from Sunda Shelf. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 68, 12, p. 1870-1878. (Seismic refraction data along 2 Sundaland profiles, one NW of Natuna island, one off N Borneo. Offshore Sarawak Basin underlain by oceanic crust and now covered by 8 km of undisturbed sediment, implying that shelf edge has advanced about 300 km N-ward over oceanic crust as result of post-Eocene progradation) Hovig, P. (1920)- Banka, the geology and the tin ores. Gen. Engin. Congr., Batavia May 1920, 41 p. Huguenin, J.A. (1877)- Rapport van het district Toboali, eiland Bangka. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 6 (1877), 1, p. 81-185. (Early geological- mining survey of Bangka island. With rel. detailed 1:60,000 scale geologic map) Hutchison, C.S. (1968)- Invalidity of the Biliton granite, Indonesia, for determining the Jurassic/ Upper Triassic boundary in the Thai-Malayan orogen. Geol. Mijnbouw 47, 1, p. 56-60. Isaacs, K.N (1963)- Interpretation of geophysical profiles between Singapore and Labuan, North Borneo. Geophysics 28, 5, p. 805-811. (Airborne magnetometer profile and gravity profile from Singapore to Labuan, N Borneo, indicates shallow basement along W half of profile, except for minor sedimentary basins ~50 miles W of Tambelan Islands and in W Borneo. East of Kuching, Sarawak, major basin, with ~10,000’ sediment) Johnson, H.D., F.A. Alqahtani, C.A.L. Jackson, M.R.B. Som, D.P. Ghosh & W.K.W. Sulaiman (2010)- Fluvial reservoir analogues in the Malay Basin: analysis of shallow 3D seismic data of Pleistocene rivers on the Sunda Shelf. In: L.J. Wood et al. (eds.) Seismic imaging of depositional and geomorphic systems, Gulf Coast Sect. SEPM, Ann. Perkins Research Conf. 30, Houston, p. 328-329. Johnson, R.F. & Marjono (1963)- Geology and bauxite deposits of the central Riau Islands, Indonesia. Direktorat Geologi, Bandung, Publ. Teknik, Seri Geologi Ekonomi 6, p. 1-54. (Occurrence of bauxite on several islands of Riau Archipelago (Lobam, Ngenang), in addition to known Bintan occurrences. Some laterites residual on granitic rocks, some in marine terraces) Jones, M.T., B.L. Reed, B.R. Doe & M.A. Lanphere (1977)- Age of tin mineralization and plumbotectonics, Belitung, Indonesia. Econ. Geol. 72, p. 745-752. (Primary tin deposits on Belitung related to Upper Triassic granites with Rb-Sr isochron age of 213 + - 5 Ma. Average K-Ar age of muscovite from two cassiterite-bearing greisens 198 Ma, suggesting tin mineralization is not simple late-stage event in emplacement of plutons) Jongmans, W.J. (1951)- Fossil plants of the Island of Bintan. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B54, 2, p. 183-190. (First description of latest Triassic 'Bintan flora', Riau islands. More comparable to Neocomian of W Malaysia according to Kon’no (1972), but still considered to be Rhaetian-Liassic by Wade (2008)) Junker, H.W. (1936)- Bauxit und Laterit auf Banka. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Geologie von Banka. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 3, p. 15-23. ('Bauxite and laterite on Bangka; a contribution to the knowledge of the geology of Bangka') Kanayama, S. (1973)- Tin bearing granites and tin placers in Bangka and Billition islands, in Indonesia. Kyoto University, Southeast Asian Studies 11, 3, p. 321-337. (Online at: http://kyoto-seas.org/pdf/11/3/110302.pdf kyoto-seas. Mainly in Japanese) (Tin in Indonesia mainly exploited from placers with cassiterite. Source rocks are tin granites of collision type, which are more common in Europe and USA than Cardilleran type of Japan. Economic cassiterite concentrations limited to area within 14-15 km from edges of granitic mother rocks)


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Katili, J.A. (1967)- Structure and age of the Indonesian tin belt with special reference to Bangka. Tectonophysics 4, p. 403-418. (Radiometric ages Billiton-Singkep granites Late Jurassic (too young?; HvG). Oldest rocks in Bangka fossiliferous Permo-Carboniferous and Triassic; locally metamorphosed. Folding in Bangka probably also Late Jurassic) Katili, J.A. (1968)- Cross-folding in Bangka, West Indonesia. Contr. Dept. Geol. Inst. Tekn. Bandung 68, p. 6170. (Cross-folds in N Bangka result of two orogenic movements.: NW-SE trending folds formed in Late Jurassic, superimposed on NE-SW structures probably Paleozoic) Keller, G.H. & A.F. Richards (1967)- Sediments of the Malacca Strait, Southeast Asia. J. Sedim. Petrology 37, p. 102-127. Kieft, C. (1952)- Accessory transparent minerals in tin granites of North Banka, Indonesia. Proc.Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B55, p. 140-149. (Accessory heavy minerals in Banka tin granites include zircon, orthite, xenotime, monazite and allanite) Kiel, B.A. & L.J. Wood (2010)- Correlations among seismic attributes and incised valley thicknesses in recent stratigraphy of the Sunda Shelf, Indonesia. In: L.J. Wood, T.T. Simo & N.C. Rosen (eds.) Seismic imaging of depositional and geomorphic systems, Gulf Coast Sect. SEPM, Ann. Perkins Research Conf. 30, Houston, p. 23-48. Ko, U. Ko (1986)- Preliminary synthesis of the geology of Bangka Island, Indonesia. In: In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 81-96. (Stratigraphy Bangka 4 main units: (1) U Paleozoic Pemali Gp deep marine sediments, (2) M-U Triassic marine Tempilang Sst, (3) Lw Tertiary Fan Fm fluvial deposits and (4) U Tertiary- Quaternary Ranggam Gp. Thrusting and granitizaton and uplift in Late Triassic- E Cretaceous, followed by N-S high-angle cross faulting. At Toboali in S Bangka, Permo-Carboniferous with glaciogenic ‘pebbly mudstones'?) Koesoemadinata, R.P.K. & A. Pulunggono (1975)- Geology of the southern Sunda Shelf in reference to the tectonic framework of Tertiary sedimentary basins of Western Indonesia. J. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, 2, p. 1-11. Kruizinga, A. (1950)- Agathiceras sundaicum Han., a Lower Permian fossil from Timor (should be Billiton). Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam 53, 7, p. 1056-1063. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018850.pdf) (First Paleozoic fossil found on Billiton island is small ammonite in lump of cassiterite from Lenggang district. Identified as Agathiceras sundaicum, also common in Lower Permian of Timor (Bitauni). New find indicates presence of Lower Permian sediments, subsequently intruded/ metamorphosed by post-Triassic 'tin granites') Kudrass, H.R. & H.U. Schluter (1994)- Development of cassiterite-bearing sediments and their relation to Late Pleistocene sea-level changes in the Straits of Malacca. Marine Geol. 120, p. 175-202. (Survey of tin-bearing sediments in central parts of Straits of Malacca by seismic profiling and vibrocoring. Placer deposits found in tidal scour channel of Cape Rachado and Pleistocene river valley. Cassiterite derived from local primary mineralization of granite and from long-distance fluvial transport) Kusnama, K. Sutisna, T.C. Amin & Sidarto (1995)- Geology of the Batam and Bintan area. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 18, p. 56-67. (Batam and Bintan islands, S of Singapore. Outcrops of Permo-Carboniferous Berakit Fm metamorphics, intruded by Late Triassic 'tin granites' (~225-230 Ma). Unconformably overlain by latest Triassic fluvialshallow marine Duriangkang Fm sands-shales with 'Bintan flora' (see also Wade-Murphy et al. 2008), ?Jurassic redbeds, E Cretaceous Pancur Fm and Late Cretaceous Semarung Fm clastics)


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Lehmann, B. & Harmanto (1990)- Large scale tin depletion in the Tanjung Pandang tin granite, Belitung Island, Indonesia. Economic Geol. 85, p. 99-111. (M Triassic Tanjungpandan batholith on Belitung associated with major alluvial tin ore deposits. Two rock suites: widespread biotite granite and more restricted quartz syenite. Hydrothermal removal of tin by high-T fluids allowed exceptional degree of redistribution of tin) Mainguy, M. & L.W. Stach (1968)- Regional geology and petroleum prospects for mineral resources on the northern part of the Sunda Shelf. United Nations ECAFE CCOP Techn. Bull. 1, p. 129-142. Martin, K. (1880)- On a post-Tertiary fauna from the stream tin deposits of Blitong (Biliton). Notes from the Leyden Museum 3, p. 17-22. Menten, J.H. (1877)- Verslag van een onderzoek naar tinerts op het eiland Singkep. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1877, 2, p. 145-171. (Early geological- mining survey for tin ore of Singkep Island, off NE Sumatra. With rel. detailed 1:75,000 scale map of survey areas. Results not encouraging for commercial exploitation) Meyer, H.C. (1975)- Mineralogy of the primary tin deposits of Kelapa Kampit, Belitung, Indonesia. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Mining 5, 1, p. 1-12. Molengraaff, G.A.F & M. Weber (1919)- Het verband tusschen den Plistoceenen ijstijd en het ontstaan der Soenda-zee (Java- en Zuid-Chineesche Zee) en de invloed daarvan op de verspreiding der koraalriffen en op de land-en zoetwater-fauna. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet., Verslag Vergad. Wis- en Natuurk. Afd., 28, p. 497-544. (Early paper explaining origin of continental shelves as drowned coastal peneplains during Pleistocene lowered sea level. Sunda shelf averages 40-50m depth and has remnants of river valleys. Coral reefs relatively rare in Sunda Sea, probably because of rapid drowning. Line of coral islands in S China Sea follows 40 fathoms contour, believed to follow paleo-coastline of Pleistocene Sunda land. Similarly, modern reefs lining Borneo Bank (=Paternoster Platform) near Makassar Straits mark NE margin of Pleistocene Sundaland) Molengraaff, G.A.F. & M. Weber (1921)- On the relation between the Pleistocene glacial period and the origin of the Sunda Sea (Java- and South China Sea), and its influence on the distribution of coral reefs and on the land- and freshwater fauna. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 23, 1, p. 395-439. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014627.pdf) (English version of above paper) Osberger, R. (1967)- Prospecting tin placers in Indonesia. Mining Mag., Aug. 1967, 117, p.. 97-103. Osberger, R. (1967)- Dating Indonesian cassiterite placers. Mining Mag., Oct. 1967, 117, p. 260-264. Osberger, R. (1968)- Billiton tin placers: type occurence and how they were formed. World Mining, June 1968, p. 34-40. Osberger, R. (1968)- Uber die Zinnseifen Indonesiens und ihre genetische Gliederung. Zeitschrift Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 117, 2-3, p. 749-766. ('On the tin deposits of Indonesia and their genetic formation'. In German. On distribution and types of cassiterite-bearing deposits on 'Tin islands' Bangka, Belitung, Singkep; less on Karimun, Kundur) Padmanegara, S. & R.P. Johnson (1964)- Geologic investigations on the Singkep island and adjacent islands. Bull. Geol. Survey Inonesia 1, 23 p. Pelejero, C., M. Kienast, L. Wang & J.O. Grimalt (2000)- The flooding of Sundaland during the last deglaciation: imprints in hemipelagic sediments from the southern South China Sea. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 171, 4, p. 661-671. (Postglacial sea level rise of last 30 kyrs modified hydrography of S China Sea, including submergence of Sundaland in S and opening of channels connecting it to tropical Indo-Pacific. Main changes at ~15-13.5 ka


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BP, when sea surface temperatures rose and clay content dropped, reflecting rapid retreat of coastline and initial flooding of Sundaland. Second change at ~11.5 ka, culminating at 10 ka, establishment of modern hydrographic conditions) Posewitz, T. (1885)- Geologische Notizen aus Bangka, 1. Das geotektonische Verhalten der Granitmassive und das Maarasgebirge. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 44, p. 108-115. ('Geologic notes from Bangka: the geotectonic behaviour of the granite massifs and the Maras Mountains') Posewitz, T. (1885)- Die Zinninseln im Indischen Oceane. 1. Geologie von Banka. Mitteil. Jahrbuch kon. Ungar. Geol. Anstalt 7, p. 153-182. ('The tin islands in the Indian Ocean, 1. Geology of Bangka') Posewitz, T. (1886)- Die Zinninseln im Indischen Oceane. 2. Das Zinnertzvorkommen und die Zinngewinnung in Banka. Mitteil. Jahrbuch kon. Ungar. Geol. Anstalt 8, p. 55-106. ('The tin islands in the Indian Ocean, 2. The tin ore occurrences and tin mining on Bangka') Posewitz, T. (1887)- Das Laterit-Vorkommen in Bangka. Petermann Geogr. Petrogr.Mitt. 1887, 1, p. 20-25. ('The laterite occurrence of Bangka') Posewitz, T. (1887)- Die geologischen-montanistischen Verhaltnisse der Insel Billiton (Blitong). Petermann Geogr. Petrogr. Mitt. 1887, p. 108-116. (The geologic-'montanistic(?) relationships of Belitung island'. Summary of geology of Belitung and occurrence and mining of tin) Praditwan, J. (1989)- Mineral distribution study for cassiterite associated heavy minerals in Belitung Island, Indonesia. SEATRAD Centre, Ipoh, Malaysia, Report of Investigation 76, p. 1-33. Priem, H.N.A., N.A.I.M. Boelrijk, E.H. Bon, E.H. Hebeda, A.E.T. Verdurmen & R.H. Verschure (1975)Isotope geochronology in the Indonesian tin belt. Geol. Mijnbouw 54, 1, p. 61-70. (Granite from Karimata Islands 78 Ma, Late Cretaceous, etc. ) Priem, H.N.A. & E.H. Bon (1982)- A calibration point in the Late Triassic: the tin granites of Bangka and Belitung, Indonesia. In: G.S. Odin (ed.) Numerical dating in stratigraphy, Wiley, p.501-507. (Bangka steeply folded Late Carboniferous- Triassic (incl. Norian limestones) deep-water low-grade metasediments, intruded by Latest Triassic- Early Jurassic tin granites. These rocks unconformably overlain by weakly folded Bintan Fm molasse series; originally thought to be Late Triassic age based on plants, but more likely Early Cretaceous. Radiometric ages of tin granites most likely ~216 Ma= Late Triassic) Richards, G.H. & A.F. Keller (1967)- Sediments of the Malacca Strait, Southeast Asia. J. Sedim. Petrol. 37, p. 102-127. Roggeveen, P.M. (1932)- Tektonik des Zinnertzgrubengebietes von Klappa Kampit, Billiton, Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam 35, p. 575-579. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016259.pdf) ('Tectonics of the tin ore quarry area of Klappa-Kampit, NE Belitung'. Steeply dipping (generally to S), isoclinally folded unfossiliferous quartzites and shales, generally striking 90-110°, with veins of tin ore) Roggeveen, P.M. (1932)- Mesozoisches Koniferenholz (Protocupressinoxylon malayense n.s.) von der Insel Soegi im Riouw Archipel, Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 35, p. 580-584. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016260.pdf) (‘Mesozoic conifer wood from Sugi Island, Riau Archipelago’. Silicified conifer wood in probably Triassic-age sandstone-shale-conglomerate series at cliff of Tanjung Riau, S coast of Sugi island. )


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Ronojudo, A. (1972)- Offshore exploration of the cassiterite placers of Belitung, Indonesia. UN ESCAP Repts. 9th Session CCOP, Bandung, p. 149-158. Sathiamurthy, E. & H.K. Voris (2006)- Maps of Holocene sea level transgression and submerged lakes on the Sunda Shelf. Nat. Hist. J. Chulalongkorn Univ., Suppl. 2, p.1-43. Schuurman, J.A. (1898)- Historische schets van de tinwinning op Bangka. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 48 (1919), Techn. Admin. Ged., 2, p. 1-112. (Detailed early history of tin mining on Bangka island, off Sumatra (1710-1816)) Schuurman, J.A. (1922)- Historische schets van de tinwinning op Bangka, II: Tijdperk loopende van 18161900. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 48 (1919), Verhand. 2, p. 1-365. (Part 2 of history of tin mining on Bangka island, off Sumatra, 1816-1900) Schwartz, M.O. (1990)- Geochemical criteria for distinguishing magmatic and metasomatic albite-enrichment in granitoids- examples from the Ta-Li granite Yichun (China) and the Sn-W deposit Tikus (Indonesia). Mineral. Deposita 27, 2, p. 101-108. (On Late Triassic Tikus granite, Belitung) Schwartz, M.O., S.S. Rajah, A.K. Askury, P. Putthapiban & S. Djaswadi (1995)- The Southeast Asian tin belt. Earth Science Rev. 38, p. 95-290. (Major review of SE Asian tin belt, including Indonesian tin islands) Schwartz, M.O. & Surjono (1990)- Greisenization and albitization at the Tikus tin-tungsten deposit, Belitung, Indonesia. Econ. Geol. 85, p. 691-713. (Tikus is most important granite-hosted primary tin-tungsten deposit on Belitung island. Deposition mechanism for cassiterite and wolframite was pH increase and temperature decrease in both greisen and moderately albitized granite) Schwartz, M.O. & Surjono (1990)- The strata-bound tin deposit Nam Salu, Kelapa Kampit, Indonesia Economic Geol. 85, 1, p. 76-98. (Nam Salu horizon at Kelapa Kampit on Belitung Island is richest stratabound tin mineralization in SE Asia. It is in Carboniferous-Permian sediments and volcanics, intruded by Triassic granitoids. Most likely source of Sn-bearing fluids is granitic magmatism) Schwartz, M.O. & Surjono (1990)- Sungai Isahan- a new primary tin occurrence in Sumatra. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 26, p. 181-188. Schwartz, M.O. & Surjono (1991)- The Pemali tin deposit, Bangka, Indonesia. Mineral. Deposita 26, 1, p. 1825. (Pemali tin deposit of NE Bangka in Triassic two-mica granite pluton. Mineralization consists of disseminated cassiterite and greisen-bordered veins) Setiagraha, D (1993)- Granit Bukit Limau, P. Karimun Besar, Riau. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral (GRDC) 3, 23, p. 10- . (Granite of Bukit Limau, Karimun Besar, Riau') Simatupang, M. (1979)- Indonesian offshore tin development. In: A. Prijono, C. Long and R. Sweatman (eds.) The Indonesian mining industry, its present and future, Proc. First Indonesian Mining Symposium, Jakarta 1977, Indon. Mining Assoc., Jakarta, p. 93-103. Siregar, D.A. & M. Situmorang (1994)- The C-14 carbon dating and age of Quaternary deposits in Sunda Shelf. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC), 4, p.


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Sitanggang, J.M. (1983)- The use of alkali elements as a guide to tin mineralization in some granite rocks in the island of Bangka. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 163-167. Sitanggang, J.M. (1986)- Distribution of major and some trace elements of some granites from Bangka, Indonesia. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 401-422. Sitha, K., L.D. Setijadji, K. Sanematsu, T. Ikuno, A. Imai, A. Dimara & K. Watanabe (2009)- REE in monzogranites in Bangka Island, Indonesia. Proc. 2nd Reg. Conf. Interdisc. Res. Natural Resources and Materials Engineering, Yogyakarta 2009, p. Slik, JW.F., S. Aiba, M. Bastian, F.Q. Brearley, C.H. Cannon, K.A.O. Eichhorng, G. Fredriksson et al. (2011)Soils on exposed Sunda shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 30, p. 12343-12347. (Marked present-day biogeographic difference between W (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra) and E Sundaland (Borneo) surprising as these areas formed single landmass for long time in Pleistocene. Dry savanna corridor dispersal barrier during glacial maxima proposed to explain this, but short duration of dry savanna conditions make it an unlikely sole cause. Analysis of tree inventories suggest exposed sandy sea-bed soils acted as dispersal barrier; no confirmation of savanna corridor) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1949)- Pleistocene eustasy and glacial chronology in Java and Sumatra. Verhand. Nederl. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 15, p. 1-31. Soeria-Atmadja, R., D. Darda & D. Hasanuddin (1986)- Some aspects of southern granitoid complex and tin mineralization in the northern part of Bangka, Indonesia. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 349-367. (Petrographic details of S-type granitoids of Bangka. Tin mineralization mostly along WNW, NNE and N-S directions, seem related to Late Triassic deformation) Stattegger, K., W. Kuhnt, H.K. Wong, C. Buhring, C. Haft, T. Hanebuth et al. (1997)- Sequence stratigraphy, Late Pleistocene- Holocene sea level fluctuations and high resolution record of the Post-Pleistocene transgression on the Sunda Shelf. Cruise Report Sonne 115, Sundaflut, Univ. Kiel, Geol.-Pal. Institut, Reports 86, 211p. Steinke, S., T.J.J. Hanebuth, C. Vogt & K. Stattegger (2008)- Sea level induced variations in clay mineral composition in the southwestern South China Sea over the past 17,000 yr. Marine Geol. 250, p. 199-210. (Variations in clay mineral composition of Sunda Shelf margin and slope cores over past 17,000 yrs. Deglacial sea level rise principal factor driving changes. Late Glacial high kaolinite reflect higher contribution of clays from soils formed on exposed Sunda Shelf. After coastline retreated close to present-day position in midHolocene stronger influence of illite-rich sources (e.g. Borneo)) Steinke, S., M. Kienast & T. Hanebuth (2003)- On the significance of sea-level variations and shelf paleomorphology in governing sedimentation in the southern South China Sea during the last deglaciation. Marine Geol. 201, p. 179-206. (Quaternary deglacial sedimentation on outer Sunda Shelf, shelf margin and slope controlled by shelf paleophysiography and changes in sea level and sediment supply. Five sites along transect across outer shelf and continental slope document four intervals of significant depositional changes in last 20 000 years: drowning of lower course of North Sunda (Molengraaff) River (16.5-14.5 ka), rapid rise in sea level with flooding of middle part of paleo-valley at 14.5-14 ka and flooding of surrounding plains of river valley (14-8.5 ka). Coastline reached modern position between ca. 8.5- 6 ka) Strimple, H.L. & T.E. Yancey (1976)- Moscovicrinus preserved in magnetite from Selumar, Belitung Island, Indonesia. J. Paleontology 50, 6 p. 1195-1202.


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(Rare, probably Early Permian age crinoid from folded, E-W trending sandstones-shales in Selumar open pit mine on E side of Billiton Island, near margin of magnetite-cassiterite vein) Sudibyo, H.T. (1984)- Paleotopografi dan endapan timah sekunder di daerah air Bara, Bangka. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 439-454. ('Paleogeography and secondary tin deposits in the area of Bara waters, Bangka') Sujitno, S. (1977)- Some notes of offshore exploration for tin in Indonesia. CCOP Techn. Bull. 11, p. 169-182. (Indonesian tin belt on islands Riau-Lingga, Singkep, Bangka and Belitung, Karimata are S part of the SE Asian tin belt extending from N Burma- Thailand- W Malaysia. Tin tied to Late Triassic granites, except Karimata, where granite dated as Late Cretaceous (74 Ma)) Sujitno, S. & M.K. Ginting (1980)- Search for tin offshore the Riau Islands, Indonesia. Proc.17th Sess. CCOP, Bangkok 1980, p. 141-156. Sujitno, S. & M. Simatupang (1981)- Review of discoveries of new tin deposits in Indonesia. Proc. 5th World Conf. on Tin, Kuala Lumpur 1981, 44 p. Sujitno, S., Ronojudo, A. and Muljadi (1981)- The occurrences of complex tin-iron in Belitung, Indonesia. In: A.H.H. Hasbi & H. van Wees (eds.) Complex tin ores and related problems. SEATRAD Centre Techn. Publ., 2, p. 107-136. Sun X., X. Li, Y. Luo, X. Chen (2000)- The vegetation and climate at the last glaciation on the emerged continental shelf of the South China Sea. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 160, p. 301-316. Surjono & M.C.G. Clarke (1982)- Primary tungsten occurrences in Sumatra and the Indonesian tin islands. Proc. Tungsten Geology Symp., Jiangxi 1981, UN ESCAP, p. 217-231. Sutedjo & Sujitno (1979)- Some notes on offshore exploration for tin in Indonesia 1966-1976. In: A. Prijono, C. Long and R. Sweatman (eds.) The Indonesian mining industry, its present and future, Proc. First Indonesian Mining Symposium, Jakarta 1977, Indon. Mining Assoc., Jakarta, p. 124-146. Syamsudin, Z (1994)- Deep seated alluvial tin exploration in offshore areas of Bangka- Indonesia, status and problems. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 29th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Hanoi 1992, Bangkok, 2, p. 253- 261. Tjia, H.D. (1964)- Topographic lineaments in Riauw and Lingga Archipelagoes, Indonesia. Their structural significance 22nd Int. Geol Congr., New Delhi, p. Tjia, H.D. (1970)- Quaternary shorelines of the Sunda Land, Southeast Asia. Geol. Mijnbouw 49, 2, p. 135-144. (Sundaland elevated shorelines at +10-12m, 16-18m 30-33m and 50m. Submarine strandlines at -82-90m, 67m, -60m, -50m, -45m, -36m, -30-33m, -28m, -22m, -18m, -13m, -10m and -7m. Sea levels of last 6000 years up to +6m) Tjia, H.D. (1980)- The Sunda Shelf, Southeast Asia. Zeitsch. Geomorph., N.F. 24, p. 405-427. Tjia, H. (1996)- Sea-level changes in the tectonically stable Malay-Thai Peninsula. Quatern. Int. 31, p. 95-101. Tjia, H.D., S. Asikin & R. Soeria-Atmadja (1968)- Coastal accretion in western Indonesia. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Min. 1, 1, p. 15-46. Tjia, H.D., S. Fujii & K. Kigoshi (1977)- Changes of sea-level in the southern China Sea area during Quaternary times. In: Quaternary geology of the Malay-Indonesian coastal and offshore areas, UN ESCAP, CCOP Techn. Publ. 5, p. 11-35.


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(Review of shoreline indicators on and around Sunda Shelf (Malay Peninsula, Bangka- Belitung, etc.). Drowned Pleistocene shorelines traced to depths of 82-90m and raised shorelines at elevations up to 50m above sea level) Tjia, H.D., S. Sujintno, Y. Suklija, R.A.F. Harsono, A. Rachmat et al. (1984)- Holocene shorelines in the Indonesian tin islands. Modern Quat. Res. South- East Asia 8, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.p. 103-117. Untung, M. (1967)- Results of a sparker survey for tin ore off Bangka and Belitung islands, Indonesia. United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Reports of 4th Sess., p. 61-67. Van Baren, F.A. & H. Kiel (1950)- Contribution to the sedimentary petrology of the Sunda Shelf. J. Sed. Petr. 20, 4, p. 185-213. (As sugggested by Molengraaff, Sunda Shelf is drowned peneplain. Abundant quartz in area around Borneo and Malacca, low-quartz sediments N of Java. Heavy minerals in seafloor sediments suggest ten petrological provinces. Along shore Sumatra and Java augites, hypersthenes and hornblendes of probable Tertiary volcanic source. Metamorphic andalusite and staurolite along Borneo coast, epidote and blue-green hornblende prominent in S China Sea area. Epidote, glaucophane, zircon, and rutile common in Meratus-Pulau Laut group, derived from dynamic metamorphic rocks of Bobaris-Meratus Mts. Also picotite from ultrabasic rocks) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1940)- Komen op Bangka pretriadische kristallijne schisten voor? De Ingen. in Nederl Indie 7, 5, p. 67-68. ('Are pre-Triassic crystalline schists present on Bangka?') Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- The Sunda shelf. In: The geology of Indonesia, Government Printing Office, Nijhoff, The Hague, 1, p. 298-325. Van den Bold, W.A. & J.P. van der Sluys (1942)- On rocks from the isle of Batam (Riouw Archipelago). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 45, 10, p. 1003-1009. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017847.pdf) (Petrographic descriptions of rocks collected by Roggeveen. Mainly post-Triassic granites, CarboniferousTriassic 'Pahang Volcanic Series' and Upper Triassic 'Central Batam Fm' sandstones-shales) Van Diest, P.H. (1872)- Inleiding tot de geognostische mijnbouwkundige rapporten der distrikten van Bangka. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1872, 1, p. 3-40. (Introduction to geognostic- mining reports of the districts of Bangka'. Part of series of mining evaluations on Bangka Island) Van Diest, P.H. (1872)- Rapport van het distrikt Soengei-liat, eiland Bangka. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1872, 2, p. 3-71. ('Report on the district Sungei-Liat, Bangka island') Van Diest, P.H. (1873)- Rapport van het distrikt Merawang, eiland Bangka. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 1873, 1, p. 3-104 and 242-243. ('Report on the district Merawang, Bangka island') Van Dijk, P. (1879)- Obsidiaan van Billiton. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Oost-Indie 2, p. 225 ('Obsidian from Billiton'. First? description of Pleistocene tektites, locally common on Belitung island (part of large SE Asian- Australia tektite-strewn field, dated at ~0.7 Ma; HvG)) Van Lohuizen, H.J. (1918)- Over de wijze van voorkomen van het tinerts in het district Blinjoe op Bangka. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie, 46 (1917), Verhand. 1, p. 192-207. ('On the mode of occurrence of tin ore in the district Blinjoe on Bangka')


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Van Overeem, A.J.A. (1960)- The geology of the cassiterite placers of Billiton, Indonesia. Geol. Mijnbouw 39, 10, p. 444-457. (Probable Cathaysian Permian plant assemblages on Billiton and Cathaysian Permian schwagerinid fusulinids in borehole off North Billiton) Van Raadshoven, B. & J. Swart (1942)- On rocks from Karimon (Riouw Archipelago). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 45, 1, p. 89-96. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017704.pdf) (Karimun island, SW of Singapore. Rocks collected by Roggeveen. Most of island post-Triassic biotite granites. Sediments in NE of island contact-metamorphic slates, quartzites, limestone, etc., possibly of Carboniferous and Triassic age. Basic plutonic rocks and associated metamorphics (metagabbros, diallagites, microfolded hornblende schists identical to schists of Singkep lsland) on small islands Temblas and Merak, off S coast of Karimun. Interpreted to be trace of Raub-Bentong Triassic suture zone by Pulunggono and Cameron 1984) Van Wessem, A. (1941)- On rocks from the islands of Soegi, Tjombol and Tjitlim, Riouw Archipelago, Netherlands East Indies. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 44, 10, p. 1219-1226. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017686.pdf) (Petrographic descriptions of rocks collected by Roggeveen: schists, radiolarian chert as pebbles in conglomerate, quartzite, sandstones, greywackes, porphyrite, diotite, etc.) ) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1897)- Geologische beschrijving van Bangka en Billiton. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 26, Verh., p. 1-272. (Geological description of Bangka and Billiton (Belitung) Islands, E Sumatra, with focus on occurrences of tin) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1897)- Glaskogels van Billiton. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie, Wet. Ged., 1897, p. 235-272 ('Glass pebbles from Billiton'. Early description of Pleistocene tektites, locally common on Belitung island (part of large SE Asian- Australia tektite-strewn field, dated at ~0.7 Ma; see also Krause (1898), Wing Easton (1915), Von Koenigswald (1935), Chapman (1964), etc.; HvG) Von Koenigswald. G.H.R. (1933)- Soenda-plat en poolverplaatsing. De Mijningenieur. 14, p. 124-130. (‘The Sunda Shelf and polar wandering’) Wade-Murphy, J. & J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (2008)- A revision of the Late Triassic Bintan flora from the Riau Archipelago (Indonesia). Scripta Geologica 136, p. 73-105. (Online at: http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/08/nr136/a04) (Flora from SW Bintan Island, Riau Archipelago, partly described by Jongmans in 1951. Additional taxa determined. Absence of fern and sphenophytes and dominance of diminutive Pterophyllum and Ptilophyllum leaves. Stronger similarities between Bintan and SW Asian than with SE Asian floras. Differences may point to slightly younger age (E-M Jurassic), but unlikely to be Early Cretaceous as suggested by Kon’no 1972) Wang, X.M., X.J. Sun, P.X. Wang & K. Stattegger (2007)- A high-resolution history of vegetation and climate history on Sunda Shelf since the last glaciation. Science in China Ser., D- Earth Sci., 50, p. 75-80. (16,500-year high-resolution pollen and spore records from sediments of core 18287 on continental slope of southern S China Sea. Between 16.5-13.9 ka BP low-mountain rainforest dominated. In 13.9-10.2 ka BP lowland rainforest and ferns expanded, indicating warming at last deglaciation and pollen sedimentation rates reduced, implying rise of sea level/ sub-mergence of shelf. After 10.2 ka BP, decreasing fern indicates early Holocene (10.2- ka B.P.) cold period, while increasing of fern marks rising temperature (7-3.6 ka BP). Warburg, O. (1897)- Zwei neu fossile Phanerogamen-Gattungen von der Insel Bangka. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Neder. Oost Indie 26, p. 229-234. ('Two new phanerogam species from Bangka island'. Pliocene plant fossils)


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Westerveld, J. (1936)- On the geology of North Banka (Djeboes). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 39, 9, p. 1122-1132. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016981.pdf) (Survey of NW Banka Island. Monotonous series of presumably Triassic intensely folded dark shales and yellowish sandstones with a large (~100km) intrusive granite mass. Presence of radiolaria similar to Triassic rocks in Malaya, etc.) Westerveld, J. (1936)- The granites of the Malayan tin belt compared with tin granites from other regions. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 39, p. 1199-1209. (Brief overview, without figures, of tin granites of Sumatra (Banka, Billiton, etc.), Malay Peninsula, Cornwall, Saxony, Bolivia and South Africa) Westerveld, J. (1937)- The tin ores of Banca, Billiton and Singkep, Malay Archipelago- a discussion. Econ. Geol. 32, p. 1019-1041. (Discussion of Wing Easton 1937 paper, arguing that (1) there is one granite instead of two; depth of granitic intrusion and mineralization was deep; some contact-metamorphism is present; tin mineralization is not Pliocene but is post-Triassic and probably pre-Cenomanian, etc.) Westerveld, J. (1941)- Mineralisatie op de tineilanden. Jaarboek Mijnbouwk. Stud. Delft 1938-1941, p. 187233. ('Mineralization on the tin islands'. Rel. comprehensive review of geology and tin mineralization on Banka and Billiton) Wikarno, U., A.D. Suyatna & S. Sukardi (1988)- Granitoids of Sumatra and the tin islands. In: C.S. Hutchison (ed.) Geology of tin deposits in Asia and the Pacific, Springer Verlag, Berlin, p. 572-589. Wilhelm, C.H.J. (1928)- De tinertsafzettingen van het eiland Singkep en de genese der alluviale afzettingen. Thesis University of Delft, Waltman, Delft, 126 p. ('The tin ore deposits of Singkep island (E Sumatra) and the genesis of the alluvial deposits') Wing Easton, N. (1925)- Billiton- herinneringen. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Ned. Kol., Geol. Ser. VIII, (Verbeek volume), p. 125- 154. ('Billiton memories'. Geological observations on geology and tin mineralization of Belitung island, made in 1919/1920) Wing Easton, N. (1921)- The billitonites (an attempt to unravel the tectite puzzle). Verhand. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, sect. 2, 22, 2, 32 p. (On 'billitonites' (tektites; glass pebbles associated with meteorite impacts) from Belitung Island (also known from Malaysia, Indochina, Philippines; HvG). First reported by Verbeek (1887) and Krause (1898)) Wing Easton, N. (1937)- The tin ores of Banca, Billiton and Singkep, Malay Archipelago, Part I. Economic Geol. 32, 1, p. 1-30. (First overview in English languge of geology and tin mining on Bangka, Belitung and Singkep- part 1. Most of tin produced from secondary placer deposits, but primary mineralization in veins in granite. WE believes there are two groups of granites, one older than the folded sediments without tin and one younger, Cretaceous age with tin mineralizion. Mineralization age believed to be Pliocene. Conclusions disputed by Westerveld 1937) Wing Easton, N. (1937)- The tin ores of Banca, Billiton and Singkep, Malay Archipelago, part II. Economic Geol. 32, 2, p. 154-182. (Overview in English languge of geology and tin mining on Bangka, Belitung and Singkep- part 2. On ore deposits, mainly formation and distribution of valley placer deposits called 'kaksa beds') Wisoko (1981)- Geologi endapan timah primer di Pemali, Bangka. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 193-203. ('Geology of primary tin deposits in Pemali, Bangka')


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Wisoko (1983)- Pengaruh kipas aluvial terhadap penyebaran bijih timah sekunder daerah Mentok Selatan Bangka. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 293-300. ('Influence of alluvial fan deposition on secondary tin ore deposition in the South Mentok area, Bangka') Wong, H.K., T. Ludmann, C. Haft & A.M. Paulsen (2003)- Quaternary sedimentation in the Molengraaff Paleodelta, Northern Sunda Shelf (Southern South China Sea). In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia- sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology, SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, p. 201216. (Seven seismic units) Wu, S.G., H.K. Wong, Y.L. Luo & Z.R. Liang (1999)- Distribution and origin of sediments on the northern Sunda Shelf, South China Sea. Chinese J. Oceanology Limnology 17, p. 28-40. (77 surface sediment samples and seismic profiles from outer Sunda Shelf analyzed. Seismic shows thick, prograding Pleistocene deltaic sequence near shelf-break and thin Holocene sediment layer on outer shelf. Five sedimentary areas distiguished: modern Mekong sediments, insular shelf area receiving sediments from Borneo rivers, shelf area near Natuna-Anambas islands, area of relict sediments on outer shelf N of Natuna Islands, and coral reefs and detritus) Zwartkruis, T.C.J. (1962)- Orbicule-bearing blastopsammitic hornfelses from southern Bangka, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of Amsterdam, 94 p. (Descriptions of contactmetamorphic hornfels, adjacent to probably E-M Jurassic-age tin granites. Material collected by De Roever in 1947. Orbicular structures probably metamorphosed calcareous concretions in clastic precursor rock) Zwierzycki, J. (1933)- Enkele nieuwere geologische waarnemingen op de tineilanden en op Sumatra betreffende het tinvraagstuk. De Mijningenieur 14, p. 171-176. ('Some newer observations on the tin islands and on Sumatra regarding the tin problem')


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II.3. Natuna, Anambas Adrian, H., L. Andria & A. Sudarsana (2005)- Horizontal well placements using V shale and facies geomodel: an example from Belanak Field, South Natuna Sea, Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 145-162. (Main reservoirs in Belanak Field, S Natuna Sea Block ‘B’ are U Oligocene Gabus Massive Sand and Gabus Zone-3. Massive Sand gas with thin oil rim, deposited in a fluvial channel environment. Multi-storied channel sands. Porosity ranges similar throughout field, but permeabilities are variable) Alyadrus, M.A. & R.L. Coates (1990)- Successful marginal feld development, Ikan Pari Field, Natuna Sea. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 345-351. (Ikan Pari Field, discovered in 1983, 50 miles NE of Udang Field. Developed with four seafloor completions) Bachtel, S.L., R.D. Kissling, D. Martono, S.P. Rahardjanto, P. Dunn & B.A. MacDonald (2004)- Seismic stratigraphic evolution of the Miocene-Pliocene Segitiga platform, East Natuna Sea, Indonesia: the origin, growth, and demise of an isolated carbonate platform. In: G. Eberli et al. (eds.) Seismic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems, AAPG Mem. 81, p. 309-328. (High-res 2D seismic survey over Segitiga Platform (1400 km2), E Natuna-Sarawak Sea. Terumbu Fm carbonate up to 1800 m thick, subdivided into 12 seismic sequences, showing (1) initial isolation; (2) progradation /coalescence; (3) backstepping; (4) terminal drowning. Platform originated as 3 smaller platforms on highs, separated by deep intraplatform seaways. Three platforms merged into composite platform in M-U Miocene. Rapid end Miocene sea level riset caused major backstepping of carbonate margins (and drowning of Natuna field carbonate platform to E) resulting in smaller platform in Lower Pliocene. Rapid subsidence at end of E Pliocene, caused terminal drowning) Ben-Brahmin, L. et al. (1999)- Characterization of seismic anomalies using converted waves: a case of history from East Natuna Basin. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 295-302. Bennett, M. (1999)- Intra-Muda shallow gas in Cumi-Cumi PSC, Natuna Sea- a driller's nightmare becomes a geophysicist's dream. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 303-321. (M Miocene age Intra-Muda Fm. sandstones draped over inversion feature. Strong seismic amplitude anomaly over crest, with 'flatspots' around flanks of structure and gas-charged in Tenggiri 1 and Mako 1 wells) Bhikuningputra, D. (1986)- Seismic stratigraphic study to evaluate reservoirs and seals of the Natuna area. In: Seismic Stratigraphy I, Proc. Joint ASCOPE/ CCOP Workshop, Jakarta 1986.CCOP Tech. Publ. 17, p. 157-180. Bothe, A.C. (1928)- Geologische verkenningen in den Riouw-Lingga archipel en de eilandengroep der Poelau Toedjoeh (Anambas- en Natoena-eilanden). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 54 (1925), Verh. 2, p. 101152. (Geological reconnaissance surveys of Riau Archipelago (common granites), Anambas Islands (mainly granites) and Natuna islands (metamorphic rocks, possibly Jurassic radiolarian chert, serpentinites, granites)) Budiyono (2002)- Forel field reservoir characterization and field assessment, West Natuna Basin Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis Univ. Texas, Austin, p. (Unpublished) Burton, D. & L.J. Wood (2010)- Seismic geomorphology and tectonostratigraphic fill of half grabens, West Natuna Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 94, 11, p. 1695-1712. (Study of Eo-Oligocene synrift architectures of Cenozoic grabens in W Natuna Basin (WNB) from Gabus and Belanak 3D seismic surveys. Five facies: fluvial, deltaic, alluvial fan, shallow lacustrine and deep lacustrine. Synrift stratigraphy shows strong tectonic control. Hydrocarbon in basin restricted to upper synrift- postrift reservoirs in M Miocene inversion anticlines, but synrift may have potential)


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Burton, D. & L.J. Wood (2010)- Interpreting the rift stratigraphy and petroleum systems elements of the West Natuna Basin using 3D seismic geomorphology. In: L.J. Wood et al. (eds.) Seismic imaging of depositional and geomorphic systems, Gulf Coast Sect. SEPM, Ann. Perkins Research Conf. 30, Houston, p. 376-395. Chalik, M. (2001)- Sealing and non-sealing faults along a major wrench trend in the Kakap area, West Natuna Basin. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 757-778. Challis, M., R. Adhyaksawan & V. Ball (2006)- Seismic prediction of thin sand intervals for development drilling at North Belut Field, Block B, South Natuna Sea. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-CH-06, 5 p. Dajczgewand, D. (2005)-Tectonic evolution and structural styles of deformation of southern Kakap Blocks, West Natuna Basin, Indonesia. In: Proc. 6th Congr. Exploracion y desarrollo de hidrocarburos, Mar del Plata, Argentina, 2005, 12p. (Structural evolution of Kakap oilfield area, W Natuna basin, based on work done in 2003 M.Sc Thesis at University of London. Extension started in Late Eocene, creating E-W trending half-graben with N-dipping normal faults. Second extensional phase began in M Oligocene. Compression started in latest Late Oligocene, initial stage being mild, and was stronger in E. Strongest compression/ tectonic inversion in M Miocene. Muda regional unconformity developed during late Middle Miocene and early Late Miocene and was subsequently deformed by compression, continuing to recent times) Daines, S.R. (1985)- Structural history of the West Natuna Basin and the tectonic evolution of the Sunda Region. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 39-61. (Structures in W Natuna Basin formed during two deformation periods: (1) extension from ~38-29 Ma, resulting in graben development in Boundary area; (2) compression, resulting in 2 stages basin inversion, 2920 Ma left-lateral wrench movement and !5- 10 Ma when most NE-SW oil-bearing anticlines formed. Extensive Jurassic suture, separating Indochina and Sunda, responsible for propagation of Malay-Natuna-Lupar shear zone, and facilitated basin development in area) Darmadi,Y., E. Hartadi, B. Pangarso, I. Sihombing & R. Wijayanti (2011)- Reservoir characterization of the Gabus-1 reservoir in North Belut Field: an integration of core,well logs and seismic, Natuna Sea Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-196, 19p. (N Belut 1974 gas discovery with stacked sand reservoirs across 1700’ interval deposited in fluvio-deltaic environments in Oligo-Miocene Udang and Gabus formations. Gabus 1 interval two major sequences with sharp erosional base and shale on top. NNE-SSW trending incised valley system) Darmadi, Y, B.J. Willis & S.L. Dorobek (2007)- Three-dimensional seismic architecture of fluvial sequences on the low-gradient Sunda Shelf, Offshore Indonesia. J. Sedim. Res. 77, p. 225-238. (Sequence stratigraphy of Belida Field area, W Natuna Basin. Upper Muda Fm Pliocene-Holocene fluvial architecture study from high-resolution seismic. 225m dominantly fluvial section. Five main sequences of episodic channel incision and bypass alternating with periods of floodplain aggradation) Dash, B.P. (1971)- Preliminary report on seismic refraction survey southeast of Natuna Islands and seismic profiling in the vicinity of the Natuna and Tioman Islands on the Sunda Shelf. United Nations ECAFE, 8th Session CCOP, p. 168-174. Dash, B.P., C.M. Shepstone, S. Dayal, S. Guru, B.L.A. Hains, G.A. King & G.A. Ricketts (1972)- Seismic investigations on the northern part of the Sunda shelf South and East of Great Natuna Island. United Nations ECAFE CCOP Techn. Bull. 6, p. 179-196. (Regional shallow seismic survey of 1160km, SE of Great Natuna island, showing basinal and ridge-like features. Khorat- Natuna swell may be linked with mainland Asia and NW Kalimantan) Dickerman, K.M. (1993)- The utilization of 3D seismic for small fields in the South Natuna Sea Block B. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 659-678.


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Dunn, P.A., M.G. Kozar & Budiyono (1996)- Application of geoscience technology in a geologic study of the Natuna gas field, Natuna Sea, offshore Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 117-130. Eric, M. & A. Hendro (1996)- The petroleum systems of west Block 'B' PSC, South Natuna Sea, Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc, 1, p. 465-479. Evans, H. (1998)- New life in an old basin, an example from Natuna Sea Block A. In: Proc. SEAPEX Expl. Conf. OFFSEA 98, Singapore 1998, p. 141-154. Eyles, D.R. & J.A. May (1984)- Porosity mapping using seismic interval velocities, Natuna L structure. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 301-316. Fachmi, M. & L.J. Wood (2005)- Seismic geomorphology: a study from West Natuna Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 163(Two types of U-M Miocene fluvial/ fluvial-deltaic systems can be identified on 3D seismic horizon slices from Belanak and Gabus areas in W Natuna basin: a meandering river system and distributary channel system) Fahman, M., Faisal Nur, J.S. Djalal, Subagio & Kasjati (1991)- An overview of the Anoa field development. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 293-313. Fainstein, R. & J. Meyer (1997)- Structural interpretation of the Natuna Sea, Indonesia. SEG 1997 Conv. Abstract, p. 639-642. (W Natuna Basin extensional episodes in Eocene and Oligocene, followed by compression/ inversion peaking in Late Miocene, with oil fields in syn-rift clastics and inversion anticlines. East Natuna basin major features are Miocene carbonate buildups) Fairburn, J.R. (1994)- Conoco Belida Field- directional driling case study. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Jakarta 1994, 2, p. 315-325. Franchino, A. (1990)- Notes sur les Iles Natuna. Archipel 39, p. 47-63. ('Notes on the Natuna islands'. Mainly geographic description with notes and map on geology. Core of island E-W trending high composed of Jurassic- Cretaceous sediments and volcanics of Bunguran Beds, with cherts and gabbros-serpentinites. Late Cretaceous granite intrusions, the largest Mount Ranai (1035m). Overlain by Oligocene Natuna Sandstone) Franchino, A. & P. Liechti (1983)- Geological notes on the stratigraphy of the island of Natuna, Indonesia. Mem. Scienze Geol. (Padova) 36, p. 171-193. Franchino, A. & C. Viotti (1986)- Stratigraphic notes on Middle Miocene-Recent sequence in East Natuna Basin (Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol. (Padova) 38, p. 111-127. Gaynor, J., G. Hepler & M. Thornton (1995)- the importance of reservoir characterization and sedimentology in the Belida Field development. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 361-375. (On reservoir characterization of 214 MMBO Belida Field. Oil in two major units separated by 200’ thick Barat shale: Oligocene Udang Fm fine-grained in lacustrine delta sandstone, and E Miocene Lower Arang Fm m-grained tide dominated marine shelf sandstones) Ginger, D.C., W.O. Ardjakusumah, R.J. Hedley & J. Pothecary (1993)- Inversion history of the West Natuna Basin: examples from the Cumi-Cumi PSC. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. I, p. 635-658. (W Natuna Basin similar to many Sundaland basins with Late Eocene- E Oligocene extension creating complex system of rift basins. From earliest Miocene times basins progressively inverted in right-lateral stress regime. Wrench zones also developed by reactivation of NW-SE faults in earlier rift system. Displacement across faults


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relatively small, 1-2 km in Cumi-Cumi PSC. Magnitude of graben inversion depends on initial size and orientation of original half graben. Each graben unique inversion history in framework of Miocene inversion) Grabowski, G.J., R.M. Kick & D.A. Yurewicz (1985)- Carbonate dissolution during late-burial diagenesis of the Terumbu Limestone (Miocene), East Natuna Basin, South China Sea, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 69, 2, p. 258 (Abstract only. Terumbu Lst reservoir 200 TCF (72% CO2), 1500 m of M-L Miocene platform-reef carbonates with complex diagenetic history. Partial marine cementation and micritization in platform environments during deposition. Freshwater diagenesis below subaerial unconformities within and at top Terumbu. Aragonitic grains leached, pores partially cemented by low-Mg calcite. Pressure solution and cementation during burial to ~3,000m left minor porosity. Late burial leaching high-Mg calcite. Ferroan-calcite and dolomite cements line pores and fluorite crystals occlude many pores. Whole-rock isotopes suggest high-T carbonate alteration. CO2 derived from dissolved Terumbu Lst. Fluoride-bearing hydrothermal fluids from granitic basement selectively dissolved constituents in deeply buried Terumbu) Gunarto, M.O., B.P. Istadi & H.R. Siregar (2000)- Sequence stratigraphy study in Northwest Natuna. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 103-139. (11 sequences in Late Eocene- M Miocene between basement and base Muda unconformity (M-L Miocene boundary. Geological history Natuna basin 4 phases: syn-rift (seq. 1-2; Late Eocene- E Oligocene), post-rift (seq. 3-4; Late Oligocene), syn-inversion (seq. 5-10; E-M Miocene), post-inversion (Late Miocene- Recent) Haile, N.S. (1970)- Radiocarbon dates of Holocene emergence and submergence in the Tambelan and Banguran Islands, Indonesia. Geol. Survey Malaysia Bull. 3, p. 135-137. (C14 dates from Natuna islands suggest sea level was higher by at least 0.3m at ~5600 BP and 0.4m at ~5270 BP. Wood from peat below tide level indicates sea level 0.7m lower at ~6260 BP) Haile, N.S. (1970)- Notes on the geology of Tambelan, Anambas and Bunguran (Natuna) islands, Sunda shelf, including radiometric age determinations. United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 3, p. 55-90. (Tambelan Islands S of Natuna composed of basic-intermediate igneous rocks and tuffs, intruded by Late Cretaceous (84 Ma) granite. Anambas Islands, SW of Natuna, composed of granite, andesite, etc. BunguranNatuna Islands composed of probably Mesozoic folded cherts and metasediments, with three granite intrusions, one dated as 73 Ma. Unconformably overlain by flat-lying Tertiary Natuna sandstone) Haile, N.S. (1971)- Late Cretaceous age based on K/Ar dates of granitic rock from the Tambelan and Bunguran Islands, Sunda Shelf, Indonesia. Geol. Mijnbouw 50, 5, p. 687-690. Haile, N.S. (1971)- Confirmation of the Late Cretaceous age for granite from the Bunguran and Anambas islands, Sunda shelf, Indonesia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 30, p. 6-8. (Late Cretaceous radiometric ages for granites from Natuna- Anambas islands) Hakim, A.S. (2004)- The occurrence of the dismembered ophiolite in the Bunguran islands, Riau Province, Sumatra. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 14, 3, p. 1Hakim, M.R., M.Y.Y. Naiola, Y.R.A. Simangunsong, K.P. Laya & T.Y.W. Muda (2008)- Hydrocarbon play of West Natuna basin and challenge for new exploration related to structural setting and stratigraphic succession. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-SG-039, 11 p. (W Natuna Basin started to form in Late Eocene by SW-NE trending half-graben rifting within Sunda Platform. M Oligocene- E Miocene tectonic quiescence followed by M Miocene tectonic inversion. Significant inversion in N part of basin, none in main area. Eo-Oligocene lacustrine source rocks. Primary reservoir M-L Oligocene Gabus Sst. Still remaining hydrocarbon potential. Hakim, A.S. & N. Suryono (1994)- Geological map of the Teluk Butun and Ranai Sheet, Sumatera. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Includes Natuna Islands surface geology. Mainly E-M Cretacoeus Bunguran Fm melange sediments and Late Cretaceous granites)


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Hakim, A.S. & N. Suryono (1997)- Geologi Kepulauan Bunguran, Riau. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 7, 73, p. 1728. ('Geology of the Bunguran islands, Riau', E Sumatra) Harahap, B.H. (1994)- Middle to Late Cretaceous age based on K/Ar dating of granitic rocks from the Serasan Islands, South Natuna. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC, Bandung) 4, 31, p. 2-4. Harahap, B.H., S.A. Mangga & U. Hartono (1996)- High Nb content basalts from Midai Island South Natuna: evidence for intraplate volcanism? J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC, Bandung) 6, 54, p. 6-11. Harahap, B.H. & S. Wiryosujono (1994)- Geology of the South Natuna sheet. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC, Bandung) 4, 30, p. 15-23. Harahap, B.H., S. Wiryosudjono & S.A. Mangga (1995)- Geological map of South Natuna sheet, scale 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Hutomo, P. & W.V. Jordan (1985)- Wireline pressures detect fluid contacts, Ikan Pari Field, Natuna Sea. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 543-563. Ilona, S. (2006)- 3D structural architecture of the KRA Field, West Natuna Basin, Indonesia. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta 06-PG-14 3D, 5p. (Extended Abstract) (KRA Field large structure in W Natuna Basin, formed by NNW-SSE trending Eocene-E Oligocene extension, followed by E-M Miocene compression) Ilona, S. (2006)- 3D structural architecture and evolution of the West Natuna Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhibition, Perth 2006, 6p. (extended abstract) Jonklaas, P. (1991)- Integration of depth conversion, seismic inversion and modelling over the Belida Field, South Natuna Sea Block ‘B’, Indonesia. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. I, p. 557-585. (Belida 1989 oil-gas field in S Natuna Sea with 190 MB oil and 75 GCF of recoverable gas. Structure broad low relief anticline, ~10x5 km with 160’ of vertical closure) Koswara, A. & N. Suryono (2000)- Struktur geologi kepulauan Natuna, Riau Kepulauan, Sumatra. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 11, 115, p. ('Structural geology of the Natuna islands, Riau') Kraft, M.T. & J.B. Sangree (1982)- Seismic stratigraphy in carbonate rocks: depositional history of the Natuna D-Alpha block (L-structure): stage II. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 299-321. Krause, P.G. (1898)- Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Mineralien und Gesteinen aus Bunguran (Gross Natuna) und Sededap im Natuna-Archipel. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 5, 5, p. 221-236 (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1898, Wet. Ged., p. 1-16) ('Description of a collection of minerals and rocks from Bunguran (Natuna Besar) and Sededap in the Natuna Archipelago'. Brief descriptions of granite, quartzite, serpentine, etc. ) Mattes, E.M. (1979)- Udang Field: a new Indonesian development. Proc. 8th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 177-184. (Conoco Udang field in Natuna Sea discovered in 1974. Reservoir is GabusFm alluvial fan sands. Production start January 1979) Mattes, E.M. (1981)- Indonesia's Udang field developed. Oil Gas J. 79, 18, p. 127-132.


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Maubeuge, F. & I. Lerche (1994)- Geopressure evolution and hydrocarbon generation in a North Indonesian basin: two dimensional quantitave modelling. Marine Petrol. Geol. 11, 1, p. 105-115. (Unnamed basin = ?) May, J.A. & D.R. Eyles (1985)- Well log and seismic character of Tertiary Terumbu carbonate, South China Sea, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 69, 9, p. 1339-1358. Maynard, K. & I. Murray (2003)- One million years from the Upper Arang Formation, West Natuna Basin, Implications for reservoir distribution and facies variation in fluvial deltaic deposits. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 270-276. (M Miocene Upper Arang Fm important reservoir, comprising fluvial deltaic deposits with gas sourced from interbedded coals. Periodic marine flooding events provide intra-formational seals. Series of horizon slices over a 1 million year time interval, at ~4,800’ illustrate major changes in reservoir distribution and facies. Lateral and vertical complexity of these reservoir not resolved by limited well penetrations) Maynard, K., W. Prabowo, J. Gunawan, C. Ways & R. Brotherton (2003)- Maximising the value of a mature asset, the Belida Field, West Natuna- can a detailed subsurface re-evaluation really add value late in field life? Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 291-305. (Belida Field 1989 discovery, EUR ~350 MMBO developed in 1992, with peak oil production of 135,000 bopd in 1994 from two fluvial deltaic sandstone reservoirs,E Miocene Lower Arang Fm and Oligocene Udang Fm) Maynard, K., P. Siregar & L. Andria (2002)- Seismic stratigraphic interpretation of a major 3D, the Gabus Subbasin, Blocks B and Tobong, West Natuna Sea, Indonesia: getting the geology back into seismic. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 87-104. (Conoco 2000 large regional 3D survey in Gabus Sub-Basin, W Natuna. Interpretation focused on stratigraphy. Source rock distribution re-interpreted based on seismic facies) Meirita, M.F. (2003)- Structural and depositional evolution, KH Field, West Natuna Basin, Offshore Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis Texas A&M University, 56p. (online at http://txspace.tamu.edu/..) (3D seismic study. KH structure formed by N-S trending Eo-Oligocene rifting, reactivated by E-M Miocene inversion) Michael, E. & H. Adrian (1996)- The petroleum systems of West Block ‘B’ PSC, South Natuna Sea, Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 465-479. (Two petroleum systems in Conoco West Block 'B': (1) coals and coaly shales of Arang and Gabus Fms and (2) lacustrine synrift Belut/Gabus Fms. Synrift organic facies divided into "deep" lacustrine and shallow lacustrine. Early synrift sections expel as early as 29-19 Ma, shallower; more gas prone synrift sections expel from 26-12 Ma and 23-0 Ma. Coals and coaly shales in Arang and Gabus expulsion below 7,500’ (0.7% Ro) suggesting charging from 8 Ma- present. Late formed traps (<20 Ma) likely charged from gas prone synrift facies or syninversion coals and coaly shales) Michael, E. & D. Bond (1997)- Integration of 2D modelling, drainage polygon analysis and geochemistry as petroleum systems analysis tools: West Block B PSC, S Natuna Sea. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.), Petroleum Systems Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 391-401. (2D modeling of hydrocarbon generation and migration) Mochammad, F. (2003)- Quantitative seismic geomorphology of Gabus and Belanak Fields, West Natuna Basin, Indonesia. Masters Thesis University of Texas, Austin, 74 p. (Morphology of fluvial and deltaic depositional systems imaged in 3D seismic from W Natuna Basin, Indonesia. Fluvial systems include straight, low-sinuosity, high-sinuosity, anastomosing and braided rivers. No consistency of channel axis. Shore zone represented by prograding strandplain systems. Shelf systems identified from very flat and uniform amplitude map. Channel width ranges from 45-2,174 m, meander belt width 2438,750 m, meander wavelength 540- 18,450 m, radius of curvature 119 to 4,635 m and sinuosity 1.0 to 3.4)


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Mone, A. & S. Samsidi (1993)- A successful gas injection project in the Kakap KF Field: design, implementation and results. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 323-340. Morley, R.J., H.P. Morley & P. Restrepo-Pace (2003)- Unravelling the tectonically controlled stratigraphy of the West Natuna Basin by means of palaeo-derived Mid-Tertiary climate changes. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 561- 584. (15 climate cycles interpreted from Late Eocene- M Miocene. Arang Fm climate cycles reflect mainly very wet climates, but with cool lowstand phases, and warm climate highstands. Barat, Udang and Gabus cycles characterized by cool and dry lowstands and warm and slightly wetter highstands. Belut Group cycles trend from drier to wetter with little temperature change) Morley, R.J., P. Salvador, M.I. Challis, W.R. Morris & I.R. Adhyaksawan (2007)- Sequence biostratigraphic evaluation of North Belut Field, West Natuna Basin. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-120, p. 357-375. (Stratigraphic model of N Belut field reservoir interval from foraminiferal and palynological analysis of Barat, Udang and Gabus Fms. Fourteen biofacies in lacustrine and coastal plain facies. Shales either allocyclic or autocyclic. 15 cycles, capped by allocyclic shale and interpreted as 4th-order sequences, identified through U Gabus and Udang Fms. Packages can be differentiated into 3 groups, thought to reflect 3rd-order sequences) Mujito, S. Hadipandoyo & Suprijanto (1995)- Hydrocarbon assesment of the carbonate play, East Natuna basin. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 10-19. (E Natuna basin considered to form W part of large Sarawak Basin. N-S trending Oligo-Miocene rift-basin. Middle-Late Miocene carbonates with local buildups in N half of E Natuna basin (Terumbu Fm). Risked total resources in carbonate paly may be as high as 1,196 MT oil and 3,110 Gm3 of gas) Murbini, S. (2000)- Technology challenge for Natuna gas development. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc, 2, p. 339-351. Nagura, H., H. Honda & S. Katori (2000)- Tertiary inversion tectonics and petroleum systems in West Natuna Sea Basins, Indonesia. J Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn. 65, 1, p. 91-102. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (In Japanese, with English summary. W Natuna Sea Basins inverted Tertiary intra-continental rift-basins on Sunda Shelf. Basin deposits include M-U Eocene lacustrine, Oligocene fluvial-deltaic, E Miocene muddy facies, M Miocene sand-dominant deposits, and Late Miocene-Recent mud-sand deposits. No E-M Miocene carbonates. Four petroleum systems identified: 1A (Belida oil field), 1B (Tembang, Buntal and Bintang Laut gas pools), 2B (Forel oil pool, Belanak oil and gas field) and 2A (Udang oil field)) Nugraha, R.S., R. Wijayanti & H. Mohede (2012)- Geological concept to geomodel: lessons learned from the Belanak Field Arang-3 development. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-182, p. 113. (Reservoir model of Late to M Miocene Arang-3 secondary gas reservoir in Belanak oil-gas field in Block B, Natuna Sea. Interpreted as NNE-SSW trending lower delta plain distributary channel complex) Pangarso, B., J. Guttormsen, P. Schmitz, I. Sihombing & H. Eko (2010)- North Belut Field- complex clastic diagenesis in an inverted paleo-structure. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA10-G-184, 16 p. (W Natuna Basin Belut 1974 discovery undeveloped until 2009. Structure originally paleo-tilted fault block, which flooded, filled, then inverted. Hydrocarbon zones in Udang and Gabus Fms fluvial- deltaic clastics. Crest of structure good porosity- permeability sands; downdip portions of field tight due to ferroan cement) Phillips, S., L. Little, E. Michael & V. Odell (1997)- Sequence stratigraphy of Tertiary petroleum systems in the West Natuna Basin, Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 381-389.


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(W Natuna Tertiary 3-4 megasequences (Oligocene syn-rift, Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene post-rift, E-M Miocene syn-inversion, Late Miocene-Recent post inversion), subdivided into third-order sequences. Two major Tertiary petroleum systems: syn-rift and syn-inversion. Two source intervals in syn-rift of larger rift halfgrabens: (1) early syn-rift open lacustrine, with algal organic matter, and (2) late syn-rift shallow lacustrine/ shoreline,with mixed algal- terrestrial organic matter. Source rocks of syn-inversion coals and coaly shales) PND- Patra Nusa Data (2006)- Cakalang, Kerapu and Baronang Blocks, Northwest Natuna. Inameta J. 3, p. 2832 (online at: www.patranusa.com) (Overview of geology and prospectivity of W Natuna Basin tender blocks) Pollock, R.E., J.B. Hayes, K.P. Williams, & R.A. Young (1984)- The petroleum geology of the KH Field, Kakap, Indonesia. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 407-424. (KH oil-gas field in SW corner of Kakap discovered in 1980 in faulted anticline with four-way dip. Reservoirs fluvial channel sands of Late Oligocene Gabus Formation. Overlying E Miocene Arang Fm sands reservoirs for nonassociated gas. Hydrocarbon generation and migration very late (5 Ma), postdating regional unconformity at base Muda Fm. Light, waxy crudes with gravities of 42-47.5° API at 65°F) Prasetyo, B. (2002)- Source rock evaluation and crude oil characteristics, West Natuna Area, Indonesia. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 825-837. (W Natuna Basin source rock candidates Keras, Benua and Barat Shales. Only effective source is Benua Shale at P-13 (10,295-10,895’) and P-15 wells (11,138-11,280’). Hydrocarbon generation started at 17.5 Ma and is still occuring in Lower Gabus Fm. Source rock environment shallow lacustrine with terrestrial input) Prasetyo, T., S. Danudjaja & Y. Budiningsih (2000)- Reservoir characterization study to improve future field development plans, Tembang Field, West Natuna basin. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 35-54. (Tembang 1981 discovery, with gas in 13 deltaic sand horizons in E-M Miocene Arang Fm) Prasetyo, T., S. Danudjaja & Y. Budiningsih (2001)- Application of reservoir characterization to better handle reservoir management plan for Belida shallow gas. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 581-596. (E-M Miocene Beta-1A zone is shallowest gas reservoir in Oligocene- Miocene clastics reservoirs of 1989 Conoco Belida oil-gas Field. Lower delta plain sandstones with general channel direction trend N to NE) Pribadi, A. & B. Simbolon (1984)- Penyelidikan atas distribusi overpressure dan salinitas di cekungan sedimentasi Tersier daerah Natuna. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 463-480. ('Study of distribution of overpressure and salinity in the Tertiary sedimentary basin of the Natuna area') Rodriguez, F.H. & B. Peribere (1986)- A proposed solution to the challenge of producing oil reserves from offshore marginal fields in the Natuna Sea of Indonesia. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 7985. Rudolph, K.W. & P.J. Lehmann (1989)- Platform evolution and sequence stratigraphy of the Natuna Platform, South China Sea. In: P.D. Crevello, J.L. Wilson et al. (eds.) Controls on carbonate platform and basin development, SEPM Spec. Publ. 44, p. 353-361. (Seven depositional sequences in Miocene Terumbu Fm carbonates of Natuna Platform. Highest porosity in grain-prone carbonates of late highstand-systems tract on platform crest. Porosity also downdip in onlapping lowstand-systems tract. Increased subsidence from M Miocene caused retreat of platform, more on W (lowproductivity, shelfward) side. Eustatic sea-level rise in E Pliocene, combined with continued subsidence, drowned platform and ended carbonate sedimentation) Ryer, T.A., J. Meyer, M. Bagge, N.J. Comrie-Smith & G.Van Mechelen (2000)- Sequence stratigraphy and depositional history, Upper Sandy Member of Gabus Formation (Miocene), Kerisi-Hiu area, West Natuna Basin, South China Sea, Indonesia. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. AAPG, New Orleans, Search and Discovery Art. 90914 (Abstract only)


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Salvador, P., W.R. Morris, R.J. Morley, M. Gunarto, R. Adhyaksawan & M. Challis (2008)- Managing reservoir uncertainty at the North Belut Field, Offshore Indonesia, Natuna Sea: an integrated analysis of biostratigraphy, core, wireline and seismic data. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-205, 14p. (Reservoir study of North Belut gas field in Udang and Gabus sands. 1500 ft section of thin, stacked lacustrine and deltaic sands with significant variation in vertical and lateral reservoir development) Sangree, J.B. (1981)- Use of seismic stratigraphy in carbonate rocks, Natuna D-Alpha Block Example. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 135-152. (Natuna D-Alpha "L" structure large Late Miocene reef complex, 5,250’ gas column, 67%- 82%CO2. Arang Fm considered source of methane; CO2 believed to be from deep igneous activity. E-M Miocene Arang and Barat-Gabus shale widespread and uniform thickness, suggesting stable nonmarine-shallow marine shelf conditions. Post-Arang normal faulting resulted in rotation and faulting of "L" structure and Terumbu (U Miocene) carbonate development Further downfaulting in Lt Miocene- E Pliocene resulted in widespread carbonate deposits with local reef development on W shelf area and local buildups on crest of 'L' structure) Satriawan, R.W., T. Read & H. Baskara (2005)- Applying seismic attribute analysis and inversion techniques to understand the trapping mechanism in the Gajah Abu Abu Field, West Natuna Offshore. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 135- 144. (Gajah Abu Abu field in W Natuna Basin 1992 discovery in faulted Late Miocene inversion anticline. Significant stratigraphic component in Gajah Abu Abu trap) Subono, S, Siswoyo & A. Firman (1995)- Heat flow in border areas of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 59-75. (Mainly on heatflow from 46 wells in West and 24 wells in East Natuna basins. Av. T gradient 39.7 °C/km) Sugihardjo, S.S. Aprilian, A. Yusuf & S Sumardan (2000)- Investigations of the storage efficiency of CO2 in carbonate aquifers. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 79-93. Suryono, N. (1997)- Analisa struktur P. Laut dan P. Sekatung, Kepulauan Natuna besar. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 7, 74, p. 2-24. ('Analysis of the structure of the Laut and Sekatung islands, Natuna Besar island group') Sutoto, A. (1991)- Reservoir geology of the Belida Field South Natuna Sea, Block B. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 453-478. (1989 Conoco Belida oil field with 187 MBO and 130 BCF gas. Trap four-way closure, a structural inversion of half-graben during E Miocene (later?; HvG) regional compression. Age of sediments over Cretaceous granite Oligocene- Holocene. Oil reservoirs Oligocene Udang and E Miocene Lower Arang Sands, gas in E Miocene Arang Fm. Udang Fm sands stacked fluvial channels, Lower Arang sands distributary mouth bars in progadational lacustrine delta. Good vertical and lateral reservoir continuity. Sands ~30% porosity) Thamrin, M., Prayitno, S. Tiwar & Solichin (1983)- Heatflow investigation in the Tertiary basins of Natuna Sea. Proc. 19th Sess. CCOP, Tokyo 1982, 2, Techn. Repts., p. 153-166. (Heatflow data from 29 wells in Indonesian sector of Natuna Sea. Heatflow in W area of Natuna Arch (av. 2.03 HFU, T gradient av. 3.45 248 °C/100m) higher than in E (av. 1.59 HFU, T gradient av. 3.36 °C/100m)) Tjia, H.D. (1997)- Regional northwest to west-northwest lineaments in the southern part of the South China Sea Basin. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 23, 5, p. 297-302. Van Mechelen, G., J. Meyer & R. Gir (1998)- Correlation mapping technique, a powerful tool to minimize risk and to guide future development plans. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 175-196. (Geophysical study over two gas fields in W Natuna Basin)


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Wagimin, N. & E.A. Sentani (2009)- Opportunities (II), East Natuna area. Inameta J. 7, p. 24-27. (online at: www.patranusa.com) (Brief overview of E Natuna Basin, in conjunction with tender round offering) Wirojudo, G.K. & A. Wongsosantiko (1985)- Tertiary tectonic evolution and related hydrocarbon potential in the Natuna area. Energy 10, 3/4, p. 433-455. Wongkosantiko, A. & P. Prijosoesilo (1995)- Geologic summary of the Natuna Sea. In: Seismic Atlas of Indonesian Oil and Gas Fields, II: Java, Kalimantan, Natuna, Irian Jaya, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, 6p. Wongkosantiko, A. & G.K. Wirojudo (1984)- Tertiary tectonic evolution and related hydrocarbon potential in the Natuna area. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 161-183. (W and E Natuna Basins separated by N-S trending Natuna basement Arch. W Natuna Basin started in E Oligocene by rifting/ pull-apart, producing SW-NE half-grabens filled with non-marine sediments. Extension in W Natuna little effect on E Natuna Basin, where Oligocene sediments more uniform thickness. Compressive forces started in W Natuna in E Miocene, resulting in inversions of former half grabens)


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III. JAVA, MADURA, JAVA SEA Abdissalam, R., S. Bronto, A. Harijoko & A. Hendratno (2009)- Identifikasi gunung api purba Karangtengah di Pegunungan Selatan, Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. J. Geol. Indonesia 4, 4, p. 253-267. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20090403.pdf) ('Identification of the Karangtengah ancient volcano in the Southern Mountains, Wonogiri, C Java'. Identification of E Miocene Karangtengah paleovolcano eruptive center, which formed on seafloor, basaltic in composition, and part of volcanic island arc) Abercrombie, R., M. Antolik, K. Felzer & G. Ekstrom (2001)- The 1994 Java tsunami earthquake: slip over a subducting seamount. J. Geophys. Res. 106, B4, 13p. (First recorded large thrust earthquake on Java subduction zone, interpreted as slip over subducting seamount, which is a locked patch in otherwise decoupled subduction zone) Abdullah, C.I., N.A. Magetsari & H.S. Purwanto (2003)- Analisis dinamik tegasan purba pada satuan batuan Paleogen- Neogen di daerah Pacitan dan sekitarnya, Provinsi Jawa Timur ditinjau dari studi sesar minor dan kekar tektonik. ITB Journal, Science and Technology, 35A, 2, p. 111-127. (Structural analysis of faults in Pacitan area, S coast of East Java. Four trends: NW-SE (~N320°E; Early Miocene), N-S, NE-SW (~N045°E; E; M Miocene), and E- W (N080°E)) Abidin, H.Z., H. Andreas, T. Kato, T. Ito, I. Meilano, F. Kimata, D.H. Natawidjaya & H. Harjono (2009)Crustal deformation studies in Java (Indonesia) using GPS. J. Earthquake and Tsunami 3, 2, p. 77-88. (GPS surveys in W Java show areas around Cimandiri, Lembang and Baribis fault zones have horizontal displacements of ~1-2 cm/yr or less. C Java May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquakes caused by sinistral movement of Opak fault with horizontal co-seismic deformation generally <10 cm. Post-seismic horizontal deformation of July 2006 S Java tsunami earthquake in first year after earthquake <5 cm, decreasing after that) Abidin, H.Z., H. Andreas, I. Meilano, M. Gamal, I. Gumilar & C.I. Abdullah, (2009)- Deformasi koseismik danpascaseismik gempa Yogyakarta 2006 dari hasil Survei GPS. J. Geol. Indonesia 4,.4, p. 275-284. (On deformation caused by 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake from GPS data) Abidin, H.Z. & Soetrisno (1992) Geology of the Pamanukan Quadrangle, Jawa. Quadrangle 1209-6, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Indonesia, 7 p. Accordi, G., F. Carbone, M. Di Carlo, R. Matteucci, J. Pignatti & A. Russo (2010)- Biostratigraphy of the Jatibungkus olistolith (Central Java). Forams 2010, Int. Symposium on Foraminifera, Bonn. (Poster Abstract) (online at: http://www.girmm.com/abstracts/Accordi_etal_Jatibunkus_2010.pdf) (Eocene Karangsambung melange with exotic blocks, including huge Jatibungkus limestone olistolith. Larger forams (Ranikothalia, Miscellanea, rotaliids and discocyclinids), corals (11 species) and calcareous algae (incl. Distichoplax biserialis) suggest Thanetian age (foram zones SBZ3/SBZ4). Three main depositional environments) Adiwiarta, A.M., R.M Zainal & Y. Hirosiadi (2010)- Kemandung Ridges play concept to increase exploration prospectivity in East Tuban Block: preliminary study. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G207, 6p. (Seismic reprocessing improves imaging of NE-SW trending basement high named Kemandung Ridge, with potential overlying Ngimbang or Kujung Fm carbonate build-ups, in Tuban Block, NE Java basin) Adhidjaja, J.I., A.J. Davidoff & I.R. Novianti (2002)- PSDM Enhances reef interpretation in Jatiluhur Block, West Java. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 31-43 (Jatiluhur Block covers Bogor Trough and volcanic centers in S. Poor seismic imaging due to volcanic cover and rugged topography, associated with complicated structures. One target is Batu Raja Limestone, with best reservoir quality in buildup facies and typically developed on basement highs. Pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) improved imaging. One prospect is probable Batu Raja reefal buildup on basement high) Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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Adhyaksawan, R. (2002)- Seismic facies and growth history of Miocene carbonate platforms, Wonocolo Formation, North Madura Area, East Java Basin, Indonesia. M.S. Thesis, Texas A&M University, College Station, p. Adhyaksawan, R. (2003)- Seismic facies and growth history of Miocene carbonate platforms, Wonocolo Formation, North Madura area, East Java Basins, Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 163-184. (Miocene Wonocolo Fm in N Madura area numerous isolated carbonate platforms across ~3000 km2 area. Five growth phases. Platforms in W larger than to E and record history of platform initiation, backstepping, progradation, coalescence into composite platforms, and termination. Eastern platforms 1) smaller in plan view, 2) more widely spaced, 3) steeper platform margins, 4) largely aggradational stratal geometries, 5) slightly thicker than W platforms, and 6) tops at greater burial depths than W platforms. Most differences attributed to faster subsidence rates in E from 1-6 Ma, probably related to differential loading by volcanic arc) Adinegoro, U. (1973)- Reef limestone in the Sukabumi area. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 109-120. (Study of Late Oligocene Rajamandala Limestone around Sukabumi, W. Java. Age close to foram zone N4, larger foram zone Lower Te with Heterostegina borneensis, Miogypsinoides spp, Spriroclypeus, etc.) Adinegoro, U. & Arpandi (1976)- Guide book fieldtrip to Sukabumi and Padalarang area. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Carbonate Seminar, September 1976, p. Adisaputra, M.K. & Hartono (2004)- Late Miocene- Holocene biostratigraphy of single core in Roo Rise, Indian Ocean South of East Jawa. Marine Geological Bull. 19, 1, p. 27-48. Adisaputra, M.K. & Budiman (1995)- Biostratigrafi Formasi Cimandiri, di daerah Jampang Tengah, Sukabumi, berdasarkan foraminifera plangton dan foraminifera besar. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 5, 45, p. 2-11. ('Biostratigraphy of the Cimandiri Formation in the Central Jampang area, Sukabumi, based on planktonic and larger foraminifera'. M Miocene, SW Java) Adisaputra, M.K. & H. Prasetyo (1998)- Foraminifera from dredged samples in Bali and Flores basins: implications for tectonic environment. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 34th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Taejon, Korea 1997, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 22-34. (Early Miocene shallow water limestone samples with Miogypsina-Miogypsinoides dredged from sites D1 and D2 (1500 and 2100 m) in Bali-Flores Basin, N of Sumbawa. May be reworked into Pliocene- Pleistocene deep water sediments from nearby uplifted fault blocks. Not much detail on sample positions) Adisaputra-Sudinta, M.K. & P.J. Coleman (1983)- Correlation between larger benthonic and smaller planktonic foraminifera from the mid-Tertiary Rajamandala Formation, Central West Java. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 4, p. 37-55. (Samples from Tagogapu/ Cikaming part of Rajamandala Limestone in W Java with both planktonics (zones N2-N4) and larger forams (mainly Te1-4, at top Te5; Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene) Adisaputra-Sudinta, M.K., R. Smit & E.J. van Vessem (1978)- Miogypsina cushmani and Miogypsina antillea from Jatirogo (East Java). Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. 29-47. (Localities in Jatirogo mapping quadrangle, NE Java, with Miogypsina cushmani in M Rembang Beds below Ngrayong quartz sst, and Miogypsina antillea in 200m thick ‘U Rembang Fm/ Tlatah Limestone Beds, probably equivalent of M Miocene ‘Platen Limestone’) Adnan, A., Sukowitono & Supriyanto (1991)- Jatibarang sub basin- a half graben model in the onshore of Northwest Java. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 279-298. (Jatibarang sub-basin in E part of NW Java Basin with oil-gas in E Oligocene- Late-Miocene reservoirs (Jatibarang, Talang Akar, U Cibulakan and Parigi Fms). Sub-basin formed in E Tertiary with formation of


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half-graben. Two graben generation stages, each initially filling with clastics, then terminating with carbonate sedimentation. Hydrocarbons controlled by presence of normal faults which provided vertical migration for hydrocarbon sourced from Talang Akar Fm. With seismic lines, x-sections) Adriansyah, A. & G.A. McMechan (2001)- AVA analysis and interpretation of a carbonate reservoir, Northwest Java basin, Indonesia. Geophysics 66, 3, p.744-754. (Seismic amplitude analysis of M Miocene Parigi Fm carbonate reefs in NW Java basin) Adriansyah, A. & G.A. McMechan (2002)- Analysis and interpretation of seismic data from thin reservoirs. Northwest Java basin, Indonesia. Geophysics 67, 1, p. 14-26. (Analysis of 2-D seismic line over thin reservoirs in upper Cibulakan Fm in NW Java Basin. Attribute analysis, impedance inversion, and full-wavefield modeling suggest gas reservoirs are detectable even when less than tuning thickness) Akmaluddin (2008)- Age correlation of Oyo Formation based on nannofossils and foraminifera biostratigraphy at Southern Mountains area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In: Proc. 6th Int. Workshop on Earth Science and Technology, p. 247-252. Akmaluddin, A. Kamei & K. Watanabe (2009)- Preliminary study of high-resolution correlation and calibration of biodatum marine microfossils (foraminifera and nannofossils) using strontium isotope stratigraphy: case study in Southern Mountains, Central Java-Indonesia. In: Proc. Int. Seminar on Geology of the Southern Mountains of Java, Yogyakarta 2009, 1, p. 103-108 Akmaluddin, A. Kano & K. Watanabe (2009)- Paleoclimate reconstruction based on oxygen isotope composition of foraminifera in Southern Mountains area, Central Java, Indonesia. In: Proc. Int. Seminar on Geology of the Southern Mountains of Java, Yogyakarta 2009, 1, p. 97-102. Akmaluddin, D.L. Setijadji, K. Watanabe & T. Itaya (2005)- New interpretation on magmatic belts evolution during the Neogene- Quaternary periods as revealed from newly-collected K-Ar ages from Central-East Java, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya, p. Akmaluddin, T. Susilo & W. Rahardjo (2006)- Calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphy of Ngalang River section, Southern Mountain area, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, 1 p. (Abstract only) (Samples from Miocene Sambibitu and Oyo Fms of Ngalang River section, S Mountains, C Java. Sambipitu Fm shows 5 zones (NN2-NN6; E- M Miocene), Oyo Fm 3 zones (NN8-NN10; M- L Miocene). Results suggest gap between Sambipitu and Oyo Fms. Formations show younger age than dated previously) Akmaluddin, K. Watanabe, A. Kano & W. Rahardjo (2010)- Miocene warm tropical climate: evidence based on oxygen isotope in Central Java, Indonesia. World Academy of Science, Engin. Technology, 71, p. 66-70. (online at: http://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v71/v71-11.pdf) (O and C isotopes records of foraminifera and bulk carbonates from Oyo- Sambipitu Fms, S Mountains, C Java, demonstrate warm sea surface T during Miocene. Decrease of O isotope values at ~14 Ma, tied to M Miocene Optimum. Warming of sea surface T related to development of W Pacific Warm Pool and flow of warn water through Indonesian seaway. Cooling at ~12 Ma, tied to Late Miocene global cooling or due to closing of Indonesian Gateway) Alderton, D., R. Harmon, R. Sloane & T.Sudharto (1994)- Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies at Gunung Limbung Cu/Pb/ Zn deposit, West Java. J. Asian Earth Sci. 10, p. 25- 38. Alderton, D.H.M. & R.T. Sudharto (1987)- Mineralization at Gunung Limbung, West Java: a fluid inclusion and geochemical study. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 5-8. (Cu-Pb-Zn sulphide mineralization associated with M-U Miocene quartz monzonite stock, 40km W of Bogor)


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Aldrich, J.B., G.P. Rinehart, S. Ridwan & M.A. Schuepbach (1995)- Paleogene basin architecture of the Sunda and Asri Basins and associated non-marine sequence stratigraphy. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. on Sequence Stratigraphy in SE Asia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 261-287. (Nearly symmetric, fault bounded extension in Sunda and Asri basins early history, followed by shift to more asymmetric rift. Early Sunda Basin fill consists of Banuwati Fm and Zelda Mb of Talang Akar Fm. Banuwati Fm of Sunda Basin records overall transgressive event and culminates in widespread deposition of Banuwati Shale which is main source rock in Sunda Basin. Well log sequence stratigraphy and core study of non-marine Banuwati Fm in Sunda Basin identified alluvial fan, fluvial, and shallow lacustrine facies) Alloy, S., B. Kartika & M. Tambunan (1992)- Geology study Malingping area, Southern West Java. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 463-476. Alves, S., P. Schiano & C.J. Allegre (1999)- Rhenium-Osmium isotopic investigation of Java subduction zone lavas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 168, p. 65-77. (Java arc lavas low in Osmium. Mixing between unradiogenic Os from peridotitic upper mantle and two different radiogenic Os components, reflecting two crustal contaminants or different proportions of subducted oceanic crust and sediments) Alzwar, M., N. Akbar & S. Bachri (1992)- Geology of the Garut and Pameungpeuk Quadrangle, Jawa. Quad. 1208-6 & 1208-3, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 12 p. Amiarsa, D.P., D. Noeradi, A.H. Harsolumakso & S. Ubaidillah (2011)- Potensial hydrocarbon reservoir at the Pliocene carbonate sediment, Situbondo Area, East Java. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11SG-020, 8p. (On Pliocene Pacalan Mb globigerinid limestone exposed on flank of anticline in Situbondo area, S of Madura Straits, E Java) Amijaya, H., M.I. Novian & E. Iswandi (2011)- Contribution of organic petrography study on organic-rich sediemnt to the depositional environment determination of Upper Semilir Formation of Southern Mountain in Yogyakarta. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-215, 8p. (Organic rich coaly silt-sandstone and coal in upper Semilir Fm, interpreted as lagoonal-estuarine facies) Aminuddin, B.M., T.Y. Nahrowi, P.K. Yohannes & M.G. Rukmiati (1981)- Studi anggota Selorejo, Cekungan Jawa Timur bagian Utara. Proc. 10th Ann. Mtg. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. 144-155. ('Study of the Selorejo Formation, NE Java'. ‘Coquina sand’ of Late Pliocene (N21) age. Thickness 100-300m in N, 0-50m in S. Gas-bearing in Cepu area (Balun, Tobo), oil-bearing near Surabaya) Amri, I.U., T. Octaviani & B. Indra (2011)- Hydrocarbon traps modelling in Mojokerto area East Java region, based on gravity data. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA11-SG-015, 7p. Andrearto, W. & B. Syam (2010)- Carbonate reservoir prospect in Madura Island. Proc. 39th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-161, 5p. (Seven wells drilled in Madura island show carbonates in Madura Island have good reservoir potential. Prupuh Fm carbonates (N4, latest Oligocene- earliest Miocene) in S part of island bioclastic carbonates deposited in shallow marine- open marine facies with porosity 5-10%. Carbonate deposition in N relatively shallow marine and porosity 10-20%) Angeles, C.A., S. Prihatmoko & J.S. Walker (2002)- Geology and alteration-mineralization characteristics of the Cibaliung epithermal gold deposit, Banten, Indonesia. Resource Geol. 52, 4, p, 329-339. (Cibaliung gold project in Neogene Sunda-Banda arc. Gold-silver mineralization in sub-aqueous basaltic andesite volcanics with intercalated sediments, intruded by andesite-diorite plugs and dykes. Gold-silver mineralization in quartz veins. Hydrothermal system responsible for mineralization may be related to rhyolitic magmatism near volcanic intrusive center during back arc rifting that formed graben or pull-apart basin)


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Anonymous (1922)- Jodium. Dienst Mijnbouw in Nederl. Oost-Indie, Verslagen Meded. Indische delfstoffen en hare toepassingen 14, p. 1-40. ('Iodine'. Overview of occurrences and production of iodine in Indonesia, mainly from wells in Tertiary basins of E Java, north of the volcanic arc) Anonymous (1924)- Uitkomsten van de mijnbouwkundig-geologische onderzoekingen in the Djampangs (Residentie Preanger Landschappen). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.- Indie, Verslagen Meded. Indische delfstoffen en hare toepassingen, 16, p. 1-28. ('Results of mining-geological surveys in the Jampangs, Priangan Residency'. Unlike conclusions of earlier workers on Java there are potentially commercial gold-siver-copper mineralizations in the Jampang area SW of Sukabumi, SW Java, in quartz veins associated with igneous intrusives) Anonymous (1939)- Delfstoffen op Java, met uitzondering van aardolie, kolen en ertsen. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Verslagen Meded. Indische delfstoffen en hare toepassingen 22, p. 1-87. ('Minerals on Java, with exception of oil, coal and metals'. Occurrences of gas, barite, phosphate, sulfur, iodine, quartz sand, marble, etc., on Java and Madura) Ansori, C. (2010)- Model mineralisasi pembentukan opal Banten. J. Geol. Indonesia 5, 3, p. 151-170. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/272) ('Mineralization model of Banten opal'. Precious opal at Lebak Regency, W Java, is opal is opal-CT, associated with Late Pliocene - Pleistocene folding, weathering, and silica leaching from volcanic glass. Host rock is dark grey claystone below polymict conglomerate, more than 8 m deep) Anwar Maruyani, Khoiril (1998)- Pola sebaran foraminifera dalam hubungannya dengan stratigrafi sikuen (studi kasus: daerah Blora dan sekitarnyaldaerah lintang rendah. Proc. Inst. Tekn. Bandung 30, 3, p. 1-16. (Online at: http://journal.itb.ac.id/index.php?li=article_detail&id=645) ('Foraminifera distribution patterns within sequence stratigraphy; a case study in Blora and surrounding areas'. Age, paleobathymetry and sequences identification at Braholo, Guwo, Ledok and Ngliron River sections. Ngrayong Sst Fm generally age N9-N10 ) Apotria, T., M.A. Weidmer, D. Walley, A. Derewetzky & D. Millman (2009)- Mass wasting and detrital carbonate deposition, Cepu Block, East Java. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA09-G-143, p. 1-9. (On detrital carbonate aprons around Oligo-Miocene buildups in Cepu Block, as penetrated by Jambaran 2) Arai, S. & N. Abe (1996)- Detrital chromian spinels of fore-arc mantle origin in meta-conglomerate from a preTertiary metamorphic complex of Jiwo Hills, Central Java, Indonesia. In: H. Noda & K. Sashida (eds.) Professor H. Igo Commemorative volume, Tokyo, p. 217-224. (Pre-Eocene meta-conglomerates from Jiwo Hills with clasts of poorly sorted sandstones and volcanics and common chromian spinel grains derived from mantle peridotites. Conglomerate possibly fill of Marianas-type trench, where peridotites were exposed and sediments and volcanics were supplied from arc) Arai, S., D.A.D. Sujatna, K. Hardjadinata & N. Niitsuma (1981)- Metamorphic and related rocks from Jiwo hills near Yogyakarta, Java. In: T. Saito (ed.) Micropaleontology, petrology and lithostratigraphy of Cenozoic rocks of the Yogyakarta region, Central Java. Publ. Yamagata Univ., p. 7-14. Ardhana, W. (1993)- A depositional model for the Early Miocene Ngrayong Formation and implications for exploration in the East Java Basin. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 396-443. (Ngrayong Fm regressive-transgressive cycle with coarse sands in lower part, fine clastics and limestones towards top. Five facies: tidally-influenced cross-bedded sandstones, sandy turbidites, contourites, hemipelagic mudstones and carbonates. Cross-bedded sandstones, capped by thin bioclastic carbonates, widely distributed in shelf- upper slope area in N of study area. Contemporaneous turbidites, contourites and hemipelagic slopebasinal mudstones to S. Basement architecture controlled Oligocene-Miocene paleogeography and Ngrayong deposition. Sandy turbidite facies most productive and primary exploration target. Cross-bedded sandstones


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produced gas in NW, but no hydrocarbons elsewhere Main reason is destruction of traps by exposure and erosion. Deep marine carbonate contourites tested hydrocarbons in Tuban Block and form secondary target) Ardhana, W., P. Lunt & G.E. Burgon (1993)- The deep marine sand facies of the Ngrayong Formation in the Tuban Block, East Java Sea. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA Sandstone Core Workshop, Jakarta 1993, p. 117-175. (Early M Miocene Ngrayong Fm quartz sands most productive reservoir onshore E Java. Fields near Cepu and outcrops to N and W show thickly bedded, m-grained, cross-bedded sandstones. Three wells drilled further S (Tuban JOB; Ngasin 1, Gondang 1, Grigis Barat 1) are silt to fine sand, with some m-grained quartz. Palaeontology suggests bathyal facies. Sediments thinly bedded and locally good flow rates. Gondang-1 tested 538 BOPD from 25’ sandy pelagic carbonate. Deposition mainly from deep sea currents (contourites). Grigis Barat-1 with features indicative of distal turbidite) Ardila, L.E. (1983)- The Krisna High: its geologic setting and related hydrocarbon accumulations. Proc. SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia 6 Conf., Singapore 1983, p. 10-23. (Krisna Field 1976 discovery on W flank Sunda basin, Java Sea. Mainly stratigraphic trap. Old basement High fringed by Early Miocene Baturaja reefal buildup)) Ardila, L.E. & I. Kuswinda (1982)- The Rama Field: an oil accumulation in Miocene carbonates, West Java Sea. Proc. ASCOPE/CCOP Workshop., Surabaya 1982, Techn. Paper TP/2, p. 341-382. Arifin, L., S. Hakim, K. Tamaki, K. Kisimoto, T. Yokokura & Y. Okuda (1987)- Seismic reflection of the Sunda Trench in Western Java. CCOP Techn. Bull. 19, p. 13-23. Ariyanto, P., A.I. Maulana & A. Suardiputra (2008)- The application of balancing cross-section and sandbox modeling for imbricate thrust system characterization in the Sumedang Area of West Java. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA08-SG-043, 10 p. Armandita, C., M.M. Mukti & A.H. Satyana (2009)- Intra-arc trans-tension duplex of Majalengka to Banyumas area: prolific petroleum seeps and opportunities in West-Central Java border. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-173, p. 573-588. (W Central Java poorly explored area with oil seeps) Armandita, C., B. Raharjo, A.H. Satyana, I. Syafri, M. Hariyadi et al. (2002)- Perkiraan inversi sesar Baribis serta perannya terhadap proses sedimentasi dan kemungkinan adanya "reworked source" pada endapan turbidit lowstand setara Talang Akar. Bul. Geol. ITB, 34, 3, p.205-220. (Baribis Fault at N side of Bogor Trough, W Java, is normal movement in Oligocene- Pleistocene, inverted to thrust fault after Pleistocene. Normal movement created S-dipping slope with abrupt change from shelf sedimentation in NW Java Basin to turbidite system of Bogor Trough. Reworked organic material from Talang Akar Fm in NW may be source rock for oil- gas in Sumedang region and surrounding Bogor Trough) Armandita, C., A.H. Satyana, M.M. Mukti & I. Yuliandri (2011)- Trace of the translated subduction in Central Java and its role on the Paleogene basins and petroleum systems development. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-462, p. 1-19. (NW-SE trending,right-lateral Pamanukan- Cilacap Fault interpreted to have translated SW-NE trending PreTertiary subduction zone and Paleogene shelf edge by ~200 km to S and separates two Neogene deep water basins: Bogor in W and North Serayu in E) Armon, J., W.E. Harmony, S. Smith, B. Thomas et al. (1995)- Complementary role of seismic and well data in identifying upper Talang Akar stratigraphic sequences- Widuri field area, Asri basin. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence stratigraphy in SE Asia, Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 289-309. (Four parasequences in uppermost Talang Akar Fm in Widuri field). Arpandi, D. & Sujitno Patmosukismo (1975)- The Cibulakan Formation as one of the most prospective stratigraphic units in the North-West Java basinal area. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.1, p. 181-207.


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Arsadi, E., S. Suparta & S. Nishimura (1995)- Subsurface structure of Merapi inferred from magnetotelluric, gravimetric and geomagnetic surveys, Merapi Volcano Decade International Workshop, Yogyakarta, Oct. 1995. Ascaria, N.A., N. Muksin, D. Hernadi, A. Samodra, P. Busono & D. Puspita (2000)- Play concept of syn-rift and post-rift sediments in the half graben system, Northwest Java. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 235-239. (Onshore NW Java basin traditional plays Miocene carbonate buildups on structural highs and E Oligocene Jatibarang volcanics. Cipunegara Low studied for Talang Akar Fm rift-fill history and potential plays) Asikin, Sukendar (1974)- Evolusi geologi Jawa Tengah dan sekitarnya ditinjau dari segi tektonik dunia yang baru. Ph.D. Thesis, Bandung Inst. Technology, 103 p. (‘Geological evolution of Central Java and vicinity in the light of the new global tectonics’. Paltinieri et al. 1976: ) Asikin, S., A. Handoyo, H. Busono & S. Gafoer (1992)- Geologic map of Kebumen Quadrangle 1401-1, Java, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 24p. + map. (In NW corner of map part of Karangsambung Anticline and Luk Ulo Cretaceous- Paleogene basement/ melange complex outcrops) Asikin, S., A. Handoyo, B. Prastistho & S. Gafoer (1992)- Geologic map of the Banyumas Quadrangle 1308-3, Java, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 22p. + map Astadiredja, K.A.S, Nurdrajat & F. Muhamadsyah (1993)- Turbidite parasequence set of the Citarum Formation, Rajamandala High, West Java. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1175-1180. (Citarum Fm overlying Rajamandala Limestones ~3000m thick and composed of two parasequence sets of submarine fan deposits) Asikin, S., S. Hendrobusono & A.H. Handoyo (1992)- Geologic map of the Banyumas and Kebumen sheets, Java, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Center Bandung (S coastal area C Java with interesting juxtaposition of stratigraphies) Asikin, T.S., A.M.T. Ibrahim & Sukowitono (1991)- Pendekatan struktural untuk penentuan "play type" dalam eksplorasi hidrokarbon di Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 605- 607. (On NW Java basin play types) Asjhari, I. (2000)- Fast track exploration, development, production, and facilities to maximise return in the Poleng Field, Offshore Madura, Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 71-84. Astadiredja, K.A.S., Nurdradjat & F. Muhammadsyah (1993)- Turbidite parasequence set of the Citarum Formation, Rajamandala High, West Java. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1175-1180. Aswan (2004)- Micro and macro molluscan fossils from the Middle Miocene Nyalindung Formation, Sukabumi, West Jawa, Indonesia. Bul. Geol. 36, 2, p. 47-72. Aswan (2006)- Taphonomic significance and sequence stratigraphy of the lower part of Nyalindung Formation (Middle Miocene), Sukabumi. Bull. Dep. Geol. Inst. Tekn. Bandung 38, p. 131-144. (In Indonesian) Aswan (2006)- Middle Miocene climate change indicated by molluscan fossil associations and glacio-eustatic fluctuations in lithofacies, Nyalindung Formation, Jawa, Indonesia. Jurn. Tekn. Mineral (ITB) 13, 3, p. (Sedimentary facies and tidal- shallow marine Nyalindung Fm molluscs from Cijarian River section, Sukabumi, W Java, suggest climate change at ~12 Ma (M Miocene). Increase in water depth corresponds to a marine


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climatic warming. At least nine cyclic facies changes from gravelly shellbed or sandstone to muddy sandstone. Cool period at ~12 Ma and warm period at ~11.75 Ma related to sea-level changes) Aswan & T. Ozawa (2006)- Milankovitch 41000-year cycles in lithofacies and molluscan content in the tropical Middle Miocene Nyalindung Formation, Jawa, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 235, p. 382405. (Mollusc associations suggest 9 cycles, each ~2m thick, reflecting changes in water depth of ~30m; no detailed age control, so 41k cyclicity perhaps more model-driven ?) Aswan, E. Suparka, S. Rijani, D. Sundari & E.Y. Patriani (2008)- Asymmetrical condition of the Bogor Basin (West Jawa, Indonesia) during the Middle Miocene to Pliocene based on taphonomic study of shellbed and its sequence architecture. Bull. Geol. Survey Japan 59, 7/8, p. 319-325. Aswan, Y. Zaim, Y. Rizal & I. Sopandi (2007)- Sedimentary cycle of Cijulang Formation, Tambaksari area, Ciamis, West Jawa. Buletin Geologi (ITB) 39, 1, p.25-30. Aswan, Y. Zaim & T. Ozawa (2004)- A new species of Ampullonatica from the Eocene Nanggulan Formation, Central Jawa, Indonesia and its implication for Paleogene Tethyan biogeography. Bul. Geol. (ITB) 36, 1, p. 1520. Atmawinata, S. & H.Z. Abidin (1991)- The geology of the Ujung Kulon quadrangle, West Java (1109-1), scale 1: 100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 27 p. Atkins, D. (2005)- Integrating geology and petrophysics into seismic interpretation for reservoir definition and improved field development: a case study from the Banuwati Field. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 283- 296. (Study of gas-bearing Baturaja Fm carbonate buildup at Banuwati field, Sunda basin) Atkinson, C.D., G.C. Gaynor & C.L. Vavra (1993)- Sedimentological and reservoir characteristics of the upper Cibulakan sandstones (main interval) in cores from the B-Field, offshore northwest Java. In: C.D. Atkinson et al. (eds.) Clastic rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia: a core workshop. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 59-90. (M Miocene Upper Cibulakan Fm reservoirs ~75% of hydrocarbons discovered in ARCO NW Java PSC. BField produced 150 MMBO from B28/29 "Main" interval (N13-N14; E Tortonian). B28 interval is interbedded sandstones, shales and thin limestones. Ten depositional facies, reflecting series of deltaic to nearshore subenvironments, mostly mouth-bar, channel and channel fringe settings. Sandstone distribution influenced by syndepositional structuring: thickest pay on flanks of field and thin dramatically over crest of structure. Highest oil rates from wells in elongate, channel sandstone bodies off main crest of structure) Atkinson, C., M. Renolds, A, Clarke & S. Sampurno (2004)- Why look in deepwater when elephants prefer the shallows? The Biliton Basin revisited. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia and Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 225-249. (Tertiary Biliton basin, W Java Sea, one of the country's last remaining unexplored frontiers. Typical EoceneOligocene rift basin on SE margin of Sunda craton, NW of Karimundjava Arch. NE-SW trending, two depocenters with depth to metamorphic basement >4000m. M Miocene erosion-uplift episode) Atkinson, C.D. & S.W. Sinclair (1992)- Early Tertiary rift evolution and its relationship to hydrocarbon source, reservoirs and seals in the offshore northwest Java Basins, Indonesia. AAPG 1992 Int. Conf., Sydney, AAPG Bull. 76, p.1088. (Abstract only. Offshore NW Java basins originated by Late Eocene- E Oligocene rifting of S margin of Sunda Platform. N-S half-grabens fragment low-grade schist and igneous terrane. Most grabens show hanging-wall blocks dipping E. Oligocene largely nonmarine rift-fill deposits overlain by U Oligocene- Lower Miocene postrift paralic- marine succession. In syn-rift phase block rotation and truncation episode noted. Half-grabens excellent hydrocarbon generation and accumulation systems)


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Aziz, S., Y. Noya & K. Brata (1993)- Geology of the Tanjungbumi Pamekasan sheet, Java (1609-2, 1608-5), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Bambang S.W. & B. Seyanta (2010)- Anomali gaya berat, struktur kerak dan mendala tektonik Jawa Timur dan sekitarnya. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 20, 1, p. ('Gravity anomalies, crustal structure and basin tectonics of East Java and surroundings') Banerjee, B.R. (1993)- Seismic signature as a porosity indicator in Early Miocene reefs in the Madura Strait via AVO inversion and modelling. Proc, 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 445-481. (High porosity carbonate acoustic impedence can be similar to, or lower than, that of overlying sediments, whereas, acoustic impedence in low porosity carbonate is usually much higher than in overlying rocks) Barianto, D.H., E. Aboud & L.D. Setijadji (2009)- Structural analysis using Landsat TM, gravity data, and paleontological data from Tertiary rocks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Mem. Fac. Engineering, Kyushu University, 69, 2, p. 65-77. (online at: https://qir.kyushu-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2324/14900/1/paper4.pdf) (Development of NE-SW trending Yogyakarta graben. Two major faults divide area into three parts. Different uplift rates created depressed block between two faults. Foraminifera suggest all blocks in shallow marine environment in zone N9 (~15 Ma). Pliocene uplift after deposition of Kepek and U Sentolo marls, followed by extension since Pleistocene. W part uplifted >590m, central part <120m, E part uplifted above 170-300m) Barianto, D.H., A. Harijoko & K. Watanabe (2009)- The Tertiary volcanic rocks distribution in Yogyakarta and its vicinity, Indonesia. In: Proc. Earth Science Int. Conf., Manila 2009, p. Bartstra, G.J. (1974)- Notes about Sangiran (Java, Indonesia). Quartar 25, p. 1-11. Bartstra, G.J. (1976)- Contributions to the study of the Palaeolithic Patjitan culture, Java, Indonesia. Thesis Univ. Groningen, Brill, Leiden, 121 p. (Includes good overview of geology of S Mountains Gunung Sewu Wonosari limestone karst terranes, etc.) Bartstra, G.J. (1977)- The height of the river terraces in the transverse Solo valley in Java. Modern Quat. Res. South East Asia 3, p. 143-155. Bartstra, G.J. (1982)- The river-laid strata near Trinil, site of Homo erectus, Java, Indonesia. Modern Quat. Res. in Southeast Asia 7, p. 97-130. (Review of stratigraphic interpretations of Pleistocene Trinil Beds of C Java since Dubois. Two fluvial sand horizons along Solo River at Trinil, the site of first Pithecanthropus and of abundant vertebrate fossils collected by Dubois, Selenka, etc. Lower horizon called Kabuh Beds of M and Late Pleistocene age, upper horizon is Late Pleistocene Solo River terrace sediment.. Sands composed of andesitic material and unconformably overlie Late Neogene marine marls) Basden, W.A., J.V.C. Howes & S. Wibisana (1999)- Integrated evaluation of a paleo gas-water contact and residual gas zone in the Sirasun Field, East Java, East Indonesia. In: In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 153-168. (Strong seismic DHI beneath Sirasun gas field, cutting across lithologic boundaries and coinciding with base of residual gas zone 10 m below current free water level) Basden, W.A., H.W. Posamentier & R.A. Noble (1999)- Structural history of the Terang and Sirasun Fields and the impact upon timing of charge and reservoir performance, Kangean PSC, East Java Sea, Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 269-286. (Terang-Sirasu- Batur structure offshore N Bali (E of Madura) with late charge of 0.9- 1.5 TCF biogenic gas. Reservoirs Late Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene sands and globigerinid limestones. Structuring Pleistocene (1.5 Ma) and recent inversion of Cretaceous-Oligocene extensional faults after (E?-) M Miocene early inversion)


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Basuki, A., D.A. Sumanagara & D. Sinambela (1994)- The Gunung Pongkor gold-silver deposit, West Java, Indonesia. In: T.M. van Leeuwen et al. (eds.) Indonesian Mineral Deposits- Discoveries of the past 25 years. J. Geochem. Explor. 50, p. 371-391. (Gunung Pongkor gold-silver deposit in W Java several steeply dipping epithermal quartz-veins, associated with Neogene calc-alkaline volcanism. K/Ar dates of mineralization 8-9 Ma. Production starting in 1994) Basuki, A., E. Suparka & Y. Sunarya (1999)- Gold deposit in the Cikidang area, West Java, Indonesia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur 1998, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 251-259. (Epithermal gold deposit associated with Plio-Pleistocene intrusion, hosted in Miocene volcanics. Age of mineralization probably same as at Pongkor, where dated as 2.1- 1.5 Ma) Basuki, N.I. (2009)- A petrographic study on diagenesis of reef-associated Rajamandala carbonate rocks, Padalarang area, West Java, Indonesia: In: 11th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, p. Baumann, P. (1975)- The Middle Miocene diastrophism: its influence on the sedimentary and faunal distribution of Java and the Java Sea Basin. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Mining, Bandung, Indonesia 5, 1, p. 13-28. Baumann, P. (1982)- Depositional cycles on magmatic and back arcs: an example from Western Indonesia. Rev. Inst. Francais Petr. 37, 1, p. 3-17. (Four main sedimentary cycles on Java-Sumatra-Sunda Shelf, each starting with transgression and ending with vocanism and tectonism: (1) M Eocene- E Oligocene, (2) Late Oligocene- E Miocene,(3) E-M Miocene (missing in many places under M Miocene erosional surface, (4) M-Late Miocene, (5) Pliocene- Recent) Baumann, P., P. de Genevraye, L. Samuel, Mudjito & S. Sajekti (1973)- Contribution to the geological knowledge of Southwest Java. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 105-108. (Summary of geology- stratigraphy of SW Java) Baumann, P.H., H. Oesterle, Suminta & Wibisono (1972)- The Cenozoic of Java and Sumatra. Proc. 1st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc, p. 31-42. Bazzacco, M. (2001)- Revision of a Middle Miocene mollusc assemblage of Nanggulan (Java, Indonesia), with discovery of a new species of Solen and proposal of a new name for a Ptychocerithium species. Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 53, p. 29-35. (Listings of Middle Eocene mollusc assemblages from Nanggulan, W of Yogyakarta, studied earlier by Boettger 1883 and Martin 1914, 1931. Of 74 mollusc species, 16 also found in other Tethys basins, while 35 others have affinities with European Eocene species) Beach, A., J.L. Brown, P.J. Brockbank, S.D. Knott et al. (1997)- Fault seal analysis of SE Asian basins with examples from West Java. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 126, p. 185-194. Beauducel, F. (1998)- Structures et comportement mecanique du volcan Merapi (Java): une approche methodologique du champ de deformations. Doct. Thesis Univ. Paris 7, 243 p. (online at www.ipgp.jussieu.fr/~beaudu/download/ecrit.pdf) ('Structures and mechanical behaviour of the Merapi volcano (Java)') Beets, C. (1943)- Uber Puruninella permodesta (Martin) aus dem javanischen Obereozan von Nanggulan. Geol. Mijnbouw 5, p. 92-93. (On Eocene gastropod species Puruninella permodesta from Upper Eocene of Nanggulan, C Java) Behrens, T.H. (1880)- Beitrage zur Petrographie des Indischen Archipels. I. Mikroskopische beschrijving van gabbro en serpentijn, augietandesieten, basalt en Tachylyt, benevens tertiaire conglomeraten uit de omgeving der Tjiletoek-baai. Verslag. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Afd. Natuurk., 20, 80p.


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('Microscopic descriptions of gabbro, serpentine, augite andesites, basalts, tachylyt and Tertiary conglomerates from the surroundings of Ciletuh Bay'. One of first descriptions of rocks from SW Java melange complex) Bellon, H., M. Polve, H. Pringgoprawiro, B. Priadi, R.C. Maury & R. Soeria-Atmadja (1989)- Chronologie 40K-40Ar du volcanisme Tertiaire de Java Central (Indonesie): mise en evidence de deux episodes distincts de magmatisme d'arc. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Ser. II, 309, 19, p. 1971-1977. (Evidence for two Tertiary subduction-related magmatic events in C Java: Eocene- E Miocene 40-19 Ma and late M Miocene- Pliocene, 11-3 Ma (initiation of modern Sunda arc)) Bellon, H., R. Soeria-Atmadja, R.C. Maury, E. Suparka & Y.S. Yuwono (1989)- Chronology and petrology of back-arc volcanism in Java. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia GEOSEA VI, Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p.245-257. (On Miocene-Pleistocene volcanism on Java Sea islands Bawean, Karimunjaya and Java N coast (Lasem, Ungaran, Muria). Java Pleistocene volcanoes (1.6 – 0.3 Ma) increasing K2O content away from trench) Benaron, N. (1982)- A geophysical study of the forearc region South of Java, Indonesia. Master Thesis, University of San Diego, CA, 83 p. Berger, P. & R.E. Crumb (1990)- An integrated approach for the evaluation of shaly-sands reservoirs, North West Java. In: 8th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1990, SEAPEX Proc. 9, p. 133-142. (On log analysis procedures in shaly sands in Miocene Main/ Massive Formations, Arjuna basin) Berthommier, P.C., G. Camus, M. Condomines & P. Vincent (1990)- Le Merapi (Centre-Java): elements de chronologie d'un strato-volcan andesitique. C. R. Acad. Sci. 311, p. 213-218. (‘Chronology of the Merapi andesitic strat-volcano, Central Java’) Bettis, E.A., Y. Zaim, R.R. Larick, R.L. Ciochon, Suminto, Y. Rizal, M. Reagan & M. Heizler (2004)Landscape development preceding Homo erectus immigration into Central Java, Indonesia: the Sangiran Formation Lower Lahar. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 206, 1-2, p. 115-131. (Sangiran Lower Lahar Unit debris flow age 1.9 Ma, terminates Late Pliocene shallow marine sedimentation) Bettis, E.A., A.K. Milius, S.J. Carpenter, R. Larick, Y. Zaim, Y. Rizal, R.L. Ciochon, S.A. Tassier-Surine, D. Murray, Suminto & S. Bronto (2009)- Way out of Africa: Early Pleistocene paleoenvironments inhabited by Homo erectus in Sangiran, Java. J. Human Evolution 56, 1, p. 11-24. (Stratigraphyand paleosols at Sangiran, C Java, Indonesia, document environments of Homo erectus in E Pleistocene. Earliest human immigrants encountered low-relief lake-margin landscape dominated by moist grasslands with open woodlands in driest positions. By 1.5 Ma, large streams filled lake and landscape became more riverine. Long-term shift toward regional drying or longer dry seasons through E Pleistocene) Bettis, E.A., Y. Zaim & Y. Rizal (2009)- Plio-Pleistocene climatic and volcanic controls on high to moderate accommodation space systems in the Solo Basin, Central Java, Indonesia. AAPG Hedberg Conf. 'Variations in fluvial-deltaic and coastal reservoirs deposited in tropical environments', Jakarta 2009, 3p. (online at: www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/pdf/2010/hedberg_indonesia/abstracts/ndx_bettis.pdf) (Extended abstract. Late Pliocene- Pleistocene marginal marine, lacustrine and fluvial sediments exposed in Sangiran Dome interpreted in terms of interactions between tectonics and climate change over past 2 My) Bijaksana, S., L.O. Ngkoimani, C.I. Abdullah & T. Hardjono (2003)- Reconstructing Cenozoic Java using paleomagnetic data. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 28th HAGI Ann. Conv., Jakarta, 4p. (Abstract only) Bishop, M.G. (2000)- Petroleum systems of the Northwest Java province, Java and offshore Southeast Sumatra. USGS Open File report 99-50-R, 34p. (Online at: http:// pubs.usgs.gov /of/1999/ofr-99-0050/OF9950R/index.html) (Petroleum assessment NW Java basins)


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Blattmann, S. (1938)- Basaltisch-andesitische Gesteine des Salak-Gebirges in West Java. Neues Jahrb. Min., Geol. Palaeont., Abh. A, 3, p. 352-374. (‘Basaltic-andesitic rocks of the Salak mountains in W Java’) Boehm, A. (1882)- Ueber einige Tertiare Fossilien von der Insel Madura nordlich von Java. Denkschr. kon. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturw. Cl., 45, p. 359-372. ('On some Tertiary fossils from Madura island, North of Java') Boettger, O. (1883)- Die Mollusken der Oligocanen Schichten vom Bawang-Flusse, Res. Djokdjakarta, Insel Java. Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1883, Wet. Ged., p. 225-266. (also in Palaeontographica 1883, p. 125-148) ('The molluscs of the Oligocene beds of the Bawang River, Residency Yogyakarta, Java'. North Serayu Mts) Bolli, H.M (1966)- The planktonic foraminifera in well Bojonegoro-1 of Java. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 59, 1, p. 449465. (Classic study of E Miocene (G. insueta zone)- Pliocene (Gr. menardii zone) planktonic foraminifera, based on continuous core samples from 1934 BPM well Bodjonegoro 1 (Benthic forams from same well described by Boomgaart, 1949; HvG)) Bolliger, W. & P.A.C. de Ruiter (1975)- Geology of the South Central Java Offshore area. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 75-81. (1971-1974 Shell work on South Java forearc basin exploration. Two dry holes in Miocene carbonate targets) Boomgaart, L. (1947)- Some data on the Muriah volcano (Java), and its leucite-bearing rocks. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 50, 6, p. 649-652. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018361.pdf) (Brief survey of Muriah volcano complex, NE Java. N slope built up mainly of breccias of leucite-bearing rock fragments with intercaled basaltic and leucitite flows. Columnar leucite tephrite on E side of N slope) Boomgaart, L. (1949)- Smaller foraminifera from Bodjonegoro (Java). Doct. Thesis, University Utrecht, 175 p. (Classic study of E Miocene- Pliocene benthic foraminifera in continuously cored 1934 BPM Bojonegoro 1 well E of Cepu: one of first examples of the use of benthic forams for paleobathymetry interpretation. Entire late Early Miocene- Pliocene section is in bathyal facies) Boomgaart, L. & J. Vroman (1947)- Smaller foraminifera from the marl zone between Sonde and Modjokerto (Java). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 39, 3, p. 419-425. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016873.pdf) (Distribution of benthic foraminifera in samples from Late Pliocene- Pleistocene sediments from eastern Kendeng zone near Mojokerto, E Java. Mainly shallow marine miliolids, rotalids. No location maps, stratigraphy) Bothe, A.C.D. (1929)- Djiwo Hills and Southern Range. Fourth Pacific Science Congr. Java 1929, Excursion Guide C1, p. 1-14. Bothe, A.C.D. (1934)- Geological map of Java, Sheet Klaten. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung, (Unpublished). Boudagher-Fadel, M.K. & S. Lokier (2005)- Significant Miocene larger foraminifera from South Central Java. Rev. Paleobiologie 24, 1, p. 291-309. (M Miocene Tf1-Tf2 larger forams from Gunung Sewu area Wonosari Fm) Bransden, P.J.E. & S.J. Matthews (1992)- Structural and stratigraphic evolution of the East Java Sea, Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 417- 453. (Key E Java sea paper, describing Neogene inversion of Paleogene extensional basins. Widespread uplift/ inversion in Middle Miocene (~N11/N12). Oldest sediments overmature Upper Cretaceous, ovrlying Lower Cretaceous? accretionary complex)


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Bronto, S. (2003)- Gunungapi Tersier Jawa Barat: identifikasi dan impliksinya. Majalah Geol. Indon. 18, 2, p. 111-135. (‘West Java Tertiary volcanoes: identification and implications’. W Java ten Oligo-Miocene volcanoes, mostly close to South coast. Fifteen Mio-Pliocene volcanoes in central-northern part, roughly same zone as Quaternary belt. Eocene-Oligocene volcanics more rare and widely scattered) Bronto, S. (2009)- Merapi volcano and the Southern Mountains, Yogyakarta: volcanoclastic rocks for petroleum geologist. Fieldtrip Guidebook, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 48p. Bronto, S., S. Bijaksana, P. Sanyoto, L.O. Ngkoimani, G. Hartono & S. Mulyaningsih (2005)- Tinjauan volkanisme Paleogene Jawa. Majalah Geol. Indon. 20, p. 195-204. (Review of Java Paleogene volcanism) Bronto, S., E. Budiadi & G. Hartono (2006)- A new perspective of Java Cenozoic volcanic arcs. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-OT-09, 4p. (Extended Abstract) (Volcanic arcs of Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary were superimposed, and among them intra-arc basins developed) Bronto, S., G. Hartono & B. Astuti (2004)- Hubungan genesa antara batuan beku intrusi dan ekstrusi di Perbukitan Jiwo, Kecamatan Bayat, Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Majalah Geol. Indonesia 19, 3, p.147-163. (‘Genetic relationships between intrusive and extrusive rocks, Jiwo Hills, C Java’) Bronto, S., G. Hartono & S. Mulyaningsih (2008)- Peninjauan kembali Formasi Nglanggran serta implikasinya terhadap mula jadi dan penamaan satuan batuan resmi di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 269-284. (Discussion of Late Oligocene Nglanggran Fm volcanic breccias and agglomerates of S Mountains, C Java) Bronto, S., G. Hartono & D. Purwanto (1998)- Batuan longsoran gunungapi Tersier di Pegunungan Selatan, studi kasus di Kali Ngalang, Kali Putar dan Jentir, Kab. Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 44-49. ('Tertiary volcanic gravity slide rocks in the S Mountains near Yogyakarta; special study at Ngalang, Putar rivers and Jentir') Bronto, S. & U. Hartono (2006)- Potensi sumber daya geologi di daerah cekungan Bandung dan sekitarnya. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 1, 1, p. 9-18. (On energy and minerals potential of the Bandung basin, W Java) Bronto, S. S. Mulyaningsih, G. Hartono & B. Astuti (2008)- Gunung Api purba Watuadeg: sumber erupsi dan posisi stratigrafi. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 3, 3, p. 117-128. (Oligocene? pillow basalt lava flows exposed at Opak River, W of Watuadeg Village, Sleman- Yogyakarta. Small hill ~15 m high and 150 m away from river to W was eruption source. Lavas overlain by pumice-rich Semilir Fm volcaniclastic rock (Early Miocene), probably unconformable over basaltic pillow lavas) Bronto, S. S. Mulyaningsih, G. Hartono & B. Astuti (2009)- Waduk Parangjoho dan Songputri: alternatif sumber erupsi Formasi Semilir di daerah Eromoko, Kabupaten Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 4, 2, p. 79-92. (Two alternative eruption centers for pumice-rich acid volcanics of E Miocene Semilir Fm in the Eromoko area, S of Wonogiri, S Mountains, SE Java) Bronto, S., S. Pambudi & G. Hartono (2002)- The genesis of volcanic sandstones associated with basaltic pillow lavas: a case study at the Djiwo Hills, Bayat area (Klaten, Central Java). J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 131, p. 2-16. (Same as paper below)


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Bronto, S., S. Pambudi, G. Hartono & D. Purwanto(2002)- The genesis of volcanic sandstones associated with basaltic pillow lavas: a case study at the Jiwo Hills, Bayat area (Klaten, Central Java). Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya, p. 788-806. (Oligocene Kebo-Butak Fm at Baturagung escarpment, Jiwo, S Mountains, >650m thick, composed of volcanic sandstones, pillow basalts and calcareous sediments, deposited in submarine fan environment. Sandstone composed of very angular volcanic glass grains, probably products of nearby submarine volcano) Brontodihardjo, A.P.P. (1984)- Batugamping kalkarenit Juwangi dan masalah penggunaannya sebagai Batu Bahan Urugan bendungan Kedung Ombo di Jawa Tengah. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 161-188. (On Juwangi calcarenitic limestones near Kedung Ombo, C Java) Brotopuspito, K.S., R.D. Indriana & M. Nukman (2006)- Sedimentary rock thickness at Kendeng- Rembang zone, Central Java- Indonesia, as constructed based on regional Bouguer gravity anomaly map. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosciences Conf. and Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., OT-44, 5p. (Extended Abstract) (Sediment thickness below Kendeng-Rembang zones 11,000- 13,000m, with Kendeng deeper than Rembang). Brouwer, H.A. (1913)- Leucite-rocks of the Ringgit (East-Java) and their contact metamorphosis. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 15, 2, p. 1238-1245. (online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) Brouwer, H.A. (1915)- Geologische overzichtskaart van den Nederlandsch-Indische Archipel, schaal 1:1 000 000. Toelichting bij Blad XVII (Oost Java, Madoera, Bali, Lombok, Soembawa). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie, Verhand. 2, p. 3-54. (Geological overview map and explanation from E Java to Sumbawa; sheet 17 of 1:1 million map series) Brouwer, H.A. (1928)- Alkaline rocks of the volcano Merapi. (Java) and the origin of these rocks. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 31, 4-5, p. 492-498. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015607.pdf) (Nearly all Java volcanoes produced pyroxene andesites and basalts. Xenoliths in volcanic rocks of Merapi volcano include metamorphic limestones with wollastonite and diopside, sandstones and arkose) Brouwer, H.A. (1945)- The association of the alkali rocks and metamorphic limestone in a block ejected by the volcano Merapi. (Java). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 47, p. 166-189. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018161.pdf) (Another description of large block of metamorphosed limestone from lahar derived from pyroxene-andesite flow in Kali Batang at SW slope of Merapi. Originally described as lenses of limestone in green ‘schist’, but is limestone transformed into wollastonite, gehlenite, leucite-bearing minerals, etc. No fossil evidence reported from limestone) Brouwer, J. (1957)- Stratigraphy of the younger Tertiary in North-East Java and Madura. Bataafse Int. Petroleum Maatschappij, The Hague, Rept. EP-37680, p. 1-41. (Unpublished; English translation of Dutch BPM report on P. Lunt website www.nummulites.net/Books/NE_Java.PDF) Budhitrisna, T. (1992)- Geologic map of Salatiga Quadrangle, 1408-6, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Budhitrisna, T. (1987)- Geologic map of Tasikmalaya Quadrangle, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Budiarso, H. (1996)- Distribusi gas CO2 dan upaya mengurangi resiko eksplorasi pencairan hidrokarbon di Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 447-458. (On CO2 gas distribution in NW Java basin)


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Budiman, I. (2000)- Main fault structure of Karangsambung area based on gravity model. Geol. Res. Dev.Centre, Bandung, Geoph. Ser. 1, p. 1-6. (Interpretation of N-S gravity profile of Karangsambung area, C Java. Gravity high interpreted as basement high, possibly Eocene sandstones. No ties to surface geology) Budisantoso Pendowo (1991)- Geology of the Besuki Quadrangle, Java, Explanatory notes and map. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Budiyani, S., D. Priambodo & B. Wikan Haksara (1991)- Konsep ekplorasi hidrokarbon untuk Formasi Parigi di Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 180-198. ('Hydrocarbon exploration concepts for the Parigi Fm in the NW Java Basin'. M Miocene limestone play) Budiyani, S. & A. Mukmen & L. Silalahi (1994)- Penyebaran Formasi Ngrayong sebagai penghasil hidrokarbon di daerah Gondang dan sekitarnya cekungan Jawa Timur. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 140-154. (E Java Basin M Miocene Ngrayong Fm sandstone in Gondang area in submarine fan facies. With log crosssections and examples of seismic mounding) Bukhari, T., J.G. Kaldi, F. Yaman et al. (1992)- Parigi carbonate buildups, Northwest Java Sea. In: C.T. Siemers et al. (eds.) Carbonate rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia: a core workshop. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 6-1 to 6-10. (Parigi Limestone Late Miocene zones N17/NN11, forming N-S trending buildups up to 1100’ thick in NW Java basin onshore and offshore.Eight carbonate lithofacies, up to four transgressive marine episodes. Porosity mainly primary interparticle, with local enhancement by dissolution) Buning, F. (1922)- Het voorkomen en de ontginningswijze van natuurasphalt in verband met de asphaltexploitatie te Cheribon. Ind. Bouwk. Tijdschr. 25, p. 330-335. (On the occurrence and exploitaton of natural asphalt near Cirebon, with some chemical- technical analyses. See also Mannhardt 1920, Pringgoprawiro et al. 1977) Burbury, J.E. (1977)- Seismic expression of carbonate buildups, NW Java Basin. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 239-268. (NW Java Basin carbonates at four stratigraphic levels. Widespread carbonate deposition in Oligocene-lower Miocene and late M Miocene time intervals, more localized deposition during two intervals in lower to middle Miocene. Carbonate build-ups developed in each of these times. Size, shape and disposition of build-ups, except those developed during late middle Miocene, related to tectonic framework, depositional history and local structural features of the basin) Burckle, L.H. (1982)- Diatom biostratigraphy of Late Miocene and Pliocene sediments of eastern Java (Indonesia). Marine Micropal. 7, p. 363-368. (Marine diatoms from Late Miocene- Pliocene Njepung section, Kendeng zone, E Java. Foraminifera studied by Saint-Marc & Suminta,1979. Lower part of Globigerina marls in Late Miocene- E Pliocene Thalassiosira convexa zone, middle part M Pliocene Nitzschia jousea zone. Open oceanic environment with strong upwelling suggested by presence of Thalassiosira nitzscioides, especially in lower part of section) Burgon, G.E. & P. Willumsen (1995)- Indonesian Petroleum Association East Java Fieldtrip October 13-15, 1995. IPA Field trip Guide Book, p. 1-68. (3-day trip to Sekarkorong, Ngepon, Mudi, Bromo, Kalipanjang) Burgon, G., P. Lunt & T. Allan (2002)- IPA Fieldtrip to Eastern Java, 2002. Indonesian Petroleum Association, Field trip Guide Book, 33 p. (Semarang-Surabaya route, generally N of most E Java fieldtrips, with stops at Kali Lutut, documenting Early Miocene? uplift event, )


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Burhanudin, B. & Y. Prakarsa (2000)- Remodeling geology of Parigi reservoir at Tugu Barat- a structure, North West Java Basin. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 141-150. Burollet, P.F., R. Boichard, B. Lambert & J.M. Villain (1986)- The Paternoster carbonate platform. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 15, 1, p. 155-169. (Recents sediment samples all m-c grained carbonate sand from coral, red algae, molluscs and foraminifera. In some sheltered lows abundant Halimeda calcareous algae, representing 80% of the sediment. Corals source of bioclasts on or near reef islands, elsewhere sand mainly forams) Bushnell, D.C. & M.D. Temansja (1986)- A model for hydrocarbon accumulation in Sunda basin, West Java Sea. Proc 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 47-75. Butterworth, P.J. & C.D. Atkinson (1993)- Syn-rift deposits of the Northwest Java Basin: fluvial sandstone reservoir and lacustrine source rocks. Indonesian Petroleum Association, Core Workshop, Clastic Rocks and Reservoirs of Indonesia, Jakarta, p. 211-229. Butterworth, P.J., R. Purantoro & J.G. Kaldi (1995)- Sequence stratigraphic interpretations based on conventional core data: an example from the Miocene upper Cibulakan Formation, offshore Northwest Java. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence Stratigraphy in SE Asia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 311-325. C&C Reservoirs (1996)- Bima Field, Sunda Basin, Indonesia. Reservoir evaluation report, 20 p. (Part of series of unpublished multi-client oilfield summaries) C&C Reservoirs (1996)- Krisna Field, Sunda Basin, Indonesia. Reservoir evaluation report, 27 p. C&C Reservoirs (1996)- Rama Field, Sunda Basin, Indonesia. Reservoir evaluation report, 16 p. C&C Reservoirs (1998)- Ardjuna-B Field, NW Java Basin, Indonesia. Reservoir evaluation report, 26p. C&C Reservoirs (2001)- Pagerungan Field, East Java Basin, Indonesia. Reservoir evaluation report, 27p. (Part of series of unpublished multi-client oilfield summaries. East Java Sea gas field discovered in 1985, producing since 1994, with recoverable reserves of 1.8 TCF Gas. Trap M-L Miocene W-E trending elongate inversion-related anticline, not filled to spill. Reservoir ~300 ft thick M-U Eocene Ngimbang Clastics Fm, two fluvial sandstone reservoirs separated by a 7' shale seal unit (Lower Coal/Shale Member) C&C Reservoirs (2002)- Cinta Field, Sunda Basin, Indonesia. Reservoir evaluation report, 24 p. C&C Reservoirs (2002)- Widuri Field, Sunda Basin, Indonesia. Reservoir evaluation report, 40 p. Cahyo, F.A., I. Fardiansyah, O. Malda & C. Prasetyadi (2011)- 3D modeling of Kerek turbidite sand bodies based on outcrop study in Kedungjati area, Central Java: an analog for sandy Miocene Formation in western Kendeng Zone. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA11-SG-036, 18 p. (Outcrop study of Late Miocene Kerek Fm calcareous sandstone turbidites in 8 measured sections in Kedungjati area, W Kendeng zone. Depositional environment interpreted as lower submarine fan system. Paleocurrent directions from flute casts suggest main sediment supply from NW (opposite of presumed southern origin of volcanic provenance in Ngawi area ?; HvG)) Cahyono, A.A. & A. Felder (2010)- Well placement optimization for a thin oil rim development in the Ujung Pangkah Field, East Java, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-E-079, 7p. (Java Sea Ujung Pangkah field E Miocene Kujung-I carbonate reservoir with 60-90' oil column and >250' gas cap. Trap combination rim shelf morphology and young Madura inversion. Lower part of reservoir highly porous reefal limestone, upper part lower porosity red-algal dominated reef)


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Cahyono, A.B. & C.F. Burgess (2007)- Cepu 3D seismic- variations in Oligo-Miocene carbonate buildup morphology. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 561-567. (Carbonate build-up morphologies in Cepu Block vary from steep-sided, narrow pinnacles to broad platform deposits. Buildups developed on isolated platform that began to form in E Oligocene. Through Late OligoceneE Miocene, carbonate deposition ceased over parts of platform while other areas continued to grow, resulting in isolated carbonate buildups, drowning at different times, with morphologies related to underlying extensional faults and subsidence rates across platform. Buildups up to 2 km thick. Thicker buildups drown in E Miocene and are covered by M Miocene clastics that are low quality seals. Other areas of Cepu platform drowned in Oligocene. These carbonates have different morphology, lower reservoir quality and more clay-rich seals and commonly contain large gas columns) Carnell, A. (1996)- The Rajamandala limestone of the Sukabumi area of West Java. SPE Indonesia Branch, Field Trip Guide Book, 46p. Carnell, A. (2000)- The Rajamandala limestone at Sukabumi; can it be considered a field analogue for the Baturaja limestone, Proc. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Int. Conf., Bali, p. A13-A14 + extended abstract on CD. (Late Oligocene Rajamandala reefal limestone of W Java outcrops between Cibadak in W and Bandung in E. Deposition interpreted as series of small coral islands, surrounded by foraminiferal/algal dominated shelf sediments. Rajamandala Fm often regarded as analogue for oil-productive Batu Raja Lst of S Sumatra and NW Java, but they are not direct age equivalents (Batu Raja age is Early Miocene; HvG)) Carter, D.C. (2003)- 3-D seismic geomorphology: insights into fluvial reservoir deposition and performance, Widuri Field, Java Sea. American Assoc. Petr. Geol. Bull. 87, 6, p. 909-934. (Seismic images of 4 reservoir intervals in Widuri Field show meandering fluvial depositional patterns) Carter, D.C., J. Armon, W.E. Harmony, R.S. Himawan, P. Lukito, I. Syarkawi & P.C. Tonkin (1998)- Channel and sandstone body geometry from 3-D seismic and well control in Widuri field, offshore SE Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 155-173. Carter, D.C., W.E. Harmony, L. Harvidya, G. Juniarto, S. Lestari & A. Purba (2001)- Seismic interpretation methodology for fluvial sandstone reservoirs in Widuri field, offshore SE Sumatra, Indonesia. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 153-183. Carter, D.C. & M. Hutabarat (1994)- The geometry and seismic character of Mid-Late Miocene carbonate sequences, SS Area, Offshore Northwest Java. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol.Assoc., p. 323-338. (M Miocene Paprigi and Pre-Parigi ~N-S trending linear buildups) Carter, D.J., D. Mandhiri, R.K. Park, I. Asjhari, S. Basyuni, S. Birdus et al. (2005)- Interpretation methods in the exploration of Oligocene-Miocene carbonate reservoirs, offshore northwest Madura, Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 179-214. (Kodeco 2000-2005 oil- gas discoveries in Oligocene- E Miocene Kujung Fm carbonate in Kujung I reefal buildups and Kujung II-III platform carbonates. Kujung I discoveries KE-23B, KE-40, KE-24 and KE-30 in 2001-2001 followed by discovery of Kujung III interval in KE-40 in 2002. Seven further Kujung I discoveries in 2002- 2004. S Poleng largest discovery and doubled size of Poleng field, 30 years after discovery) Carthaus, E. (1911)- Zur Geologie von Java, insbesondere des Ausgrabungsgebietes. In: M.L. Selenka & M. Blankenhorn, Die Pithecanthropus-Schichten auf Java, Geologische Ergebnisse der Trinil-Expedition (19071908), Engelmann, Leipzig, p. 1-33. ('On the geology of Java, in particular the excavation area'. Mainly on Plio-Pleistocene deposits around Trinil excavation area of Selenka Expedition, C Java) Caudri, C.M.B. (1932)- De foraminiferen-fauna van eenige Cycloclypeus-houdende gesteenten van Java. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, p. 171-204. (Miocene larger forams from Java localities S Kediri, S. Priangan and Purwakarta. Little or no stratigraphy)


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Caudri, C.M.B. (1939)- Lepidocyclinen von Java. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 12, p. 135-257. (Oligo-Miocene Lepidocyclina larger foraminifera from Java) Caughey, C.A.J., N.J. Dyer, A. Kohar, L. Haryono et al. (eds.) (1995)- Seismic atlas of Indonesian oil and gas fields II: Java, Kalimantan, Natuna, and Irian Jaya. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Seismic Atlas 2. Choiriah, S.U. (1999)- Paleoclimatic interpretation using calcareous nannoplankton, Solo River Ngawi area, Indonesia. Abstract, AAPG Foundation Grants-in-Aid Recipients 1999, AAPG Bull. 83, 11 p. 1896 (Abstract). (Late Miocene to M Pleistocene of Kendeng zone shows climate changes in nannoplankton. Twelve alternating warm- cold zones. Kerek Fm Zone 1 and 2 warm zone and cold zone of lower NN12 and NN12-NN13 respectively. Kalibeng Fm: transitional zone 3 (NN13-NN14), Zone 4 warm (NN14-NN15), Zone 5 (cold, NN15), Zone 6 (warm, NN16), Zone 7 (cold zone, NN16), Zone 8 (warm, NN16), Zone 9 (transitional, NN16), and Zone 10 (warm, NN16-NN18). Klitik Fm: zone 11 cold, NN18, zone 12 warm zones, 12a,b, NN19 and NN20, with barren zone between 12a and 12b) Choiriah, S.U. & R. Kapid (1999)- Nannoplankton biozonation in Bengawan Solo River, Ngawi. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 3, p. 35-46. Choiriah, S.U., R. Kapid & H. Pringgoprawiro (2000)- Interpretasi paleotemperatur berdasarkan nannoplankton lintasan S. Bengawan Solo, Ngawi, Jawa Timur. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 4, p. 47-59. (Nannofossil species and diversity from Late Miocene- Pliocene in Solo River, Ngawi (Kendeng Zone) section suggest 12 alternating warm-cold zones) Choiriah, S.U. & B. Triwibowo (2002)- Studi biozonasi nannoplankton daerah Gunung Pendul Formasi Wungkal, Bayat Klaten, Jawa Tengah. In: Sumberdaya Geologi daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah, Ikatan Ahli Geologi Pengurus Daerah DIY-Jateng, p. 41-53. ('Nannoplankton biozonationof the Wungkal Fm in the Gunung Pendul area, Bayat, Klaten, C Java') Chotin, P., A. Giret, J.P. Rampnoux, Sumarso & Suminta (1980)- L’ile de Java, un enregistreur des mouvements tectoniques a l’aplomb d’une zone de subduction. C.R. Somm. Soc. Geol. France, 22, 5, p. 175177. (‘Java island, a record of tectonic movements up a subduction zone’. Java fault systems N30°, N70°, N90°, N135° and N165°. Left-lateral strike slip faults at N70° offset Quaternary intra-arc and volcanic chain) Chotin, P., A. Giret, J.P. Rampnoux, L. Rasplus, Suminta & S. Priyomarsono (1984)- Etude de la fracturation dans l’ile de Java, Indonesia. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 26, 6, p. 1325-1333. ('Study of the fracturing on Java island'. Java fault systems determine locations of volcanoes along N 000 and N 045 tension gashes. N 070 strike slip zone marks boundary between western subduction system and eastern collision-subduction Australian system) Chotin, P., L. Rasplus, J. Rampnoux, Suminta & N. Hasjim (1984)- La sedimentation associee a une structure decrochante majeure dans la partie centrale de l'Ile de Java (Indonesie). Bull. Soc. Géol. France 26, p. 12591268. ('The sedimentation associated with a major wrench fault in the central part of the island of Java, Indonesia') Clements, B. (2008)- Paleogene to Early Miocene tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of West Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Royal Holloway University of London, 431p. (Unpublished) (Eocene arc S of Java, mostly submerged; rarely did its products reach Java. Arc became emergent during Late OligoceneE Miocene and volcanic activity probably increased. M Miocene carbonates deposited above arc rocks. Late Miocene resumption of volcanism N of Paleogene arc. Another arc jump since Late Miocene and modern Sunda Arc volcanoes now on deformed Late Miocene arc products. Paleogene quartz sandstones sourced from Sundaland granitic and metamorphic rocks. Zircons from M Eocene record contributions from


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Cretaceous arc and post collisional volcanic rocks. New structural model for W Java suggests major thrusting in S Java has previously been overlooked. Paleogene and Late Miocene arcs have thrust northwards by >50 km and are now thrust onto shelf sequences that formed on Sundaland continental margin. In C Java a deeper structural level is exposed and arcs have been removed by erosion. The thrusting is Late Miocene or Pliocene) Clements, B. & R. Hall (2006)- Provenance of Paleogene sediments in West Java, Indonesia. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosciences Conf. and Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 5 p. (Eo-Oligocene quartz-rich sediments in W Java from multiple sources, from North. Much of quartz is from lowgrade metamorphics) Clements, B. & R. Hall (2007)- Cretaceous to Late Miocene stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of West Java. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-037, p. 87-104. (Cretaceous-Late Miocene paleogeographic maps W Java) Clements, B. & R. Hall (2008)- U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from West Java show complex Sundaland provenance. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-115, 19 p. (Ages of zircons from M Eocene volcanoclastic Ciletuh Fm indicate Late Cretaceous- Early Paleogene local volcanic arc source. M Eocene- Oligocene quartzose formations sourced from Sundaland, with wide zircon age ranges (Proterozoic- Eocene). M Eocene Ciemas Fm mainly Permo-Triassic ages, and derived from Malay Peninsula- Tin Islands granites, Late Eocene Bayah Fm higher contribution of Early- M Cretaceous granites from Borneo Schwaner Mts) Clements, B., R. Hall, H.R. Smyth & M.A. Cottam (2009)- Thrusting of a volcanic arc: a new structural model for Java. Petroleum Geoscience 15, 2, p. 159-174. (Java apparently simple structure with E-W physiographic zones broadly corresponding to structural zones. Simplicity complicated by structures inherited from Cretaceous subduction, by extension related to development of volcanic arcs, extension related to development of Makassar Straits, Late Cenozoic contraction, and active cross-arc extensional faults. Major thrusting in S Java displaced Early Cenozoic volcanic arc rocks N-wards by 50km or more. C Java displays deepest structural levels of N-directed thrusts, with Cretaceous basement exposed; overthrust arc largely removed by erosion. In W and E Java overthrust volcanic arc still preserved. W Java arc now thrust onto shelf sequences that formed on Sundaland continental margin. In E Java volcanic arc thrust onto thick volcanic/sedimentary sequence formed N of arc in basin due largely to volcanic arc loading) Cole, J.M. & S. Crittenden (1997)- Early Tertiary basin formation and the development of lacustrine and quasilacustrine/marine source rocks on the Sunda Shelf of SE Asia. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 147-183. Condon, W.H., L. Pardyanto &, K.B. Ketner (1975)- Geologic map of the Banjarnegara and Pekalongan Quadrangles, Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bandung, 5 p. (also 2nd ed. 1996) (Map of C Java Dieng Plateau, Sundoro volcano, N Serayu Mts folds and at S border ophiolitic basement outcrops of Lok Ulo) Cook, P., D. Jayson, S.Y. Ritha, P.J. Nichols, D.W. Ellis & J. Zwaan (2003)- Quantifying geohazards through advanced visualisation and integration in the Terang-Sirasun development, Kangean PSC, Indonesia. Proc. 29th Annual Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-17. (Terang-Sirasun reservoir Plio-Pleistocene Paciran Fm Globigerina calcarenites. Development of 1 TCF GIIP complicated by shallow gas in overburden and faults, some with seabed expression. Sirasun fewer faults and little shallow gas but near shelf-slope break, with potential mass flow features. Little geology info) Cosijn, J. (1931)- Voorloopige mededeeling omtrent het voorkomen van fossiele beenderen in het heuvelterrein ten Noorden van Djetis en Perning (Midden Java). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, 2, p. 113-119.


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('Preliminary communication on the occurrence of fossil bones in the hill country N of Jetis and Perning, C Java'. Localities N of Mojokerto. Bone-bearing layers similar to those from Trinil, and considered to be Pliocene in age) Cosijn, J. (1932)- Tweede mededeeling over het voorkomen van fossiele beenderen in het heuvelland ten Noorden van Djetis en Perning (Java). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, 3, p. 135148. ('Second communication on the occurrence of fossil bones in the hill country N of Jetis and Perning, C Java') Courteney, S. (1996)- The future hydrocarbon potential of Western Indonesia. In: C.A. Caughey, D.C. Carter et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence Strat. in SE Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 397-415. (Over 3000 exploratory wells drilled in W Indonesia and ~750 discoveries reported. W Indonesia mature province with >300 fields producing in 12 basins. A further 100 fields abandoned or shut-in. Framework based on sequence stratigraphy established for productive basins) Courteney, S., P.J. Cockroft, R. Miller, R.S.K. Phoa & A.W.R. Wight (1989)- Introduction. Indonesia Oil and Gas Fields Atlas, 4, Java. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1- 13, A1-A4. Crie, M.L. (1888)- Recherches sur la flore Pliocene de Java. Sammlung Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, Beitrage zur Geologie von Ost-Asia 5, p. 1-21. ('Investigations on the Pliocene flora of Java') Crumb, R.E. (1989)- Petrophysical properties of the Bima Batu Raja carbonate reservoir, offshore N.W. Java. Proc. 18th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 161-208 (Bima Batu Raja carbonate buildup reservoir undercompacted mudstone, wackestone and packstone with porosity up to 40 %. Laboratory cut-offs (used to determine net-pay) unusually high at 26% porosity and 10 md permeability because rock believed to contain non-interconnected porosity) Cucci, M.A. & M.H. Clark (1993)- Sequence stratigraphy of a Miocene carbonate buildup, Java Sea. In R.G. Loucks & J.F. Sarg (eds.) Carbonate sequence stratigraphy, recent developments and applications, AAPG Mem. 57, p. 291-303. (Late Eocene Miocene Gunung Putih carbonate complex in E Java Sea WSW-ENE trending asymmetric buildup, with aggradational N side inferred to lie on paleowindward side. Late Oligocene erosional event, Late Miocene drowning of reef) Cucci, M.A. & M.H. Clark (1996)- Carbonate systems tracts of an asymmetric Miocene buildup near Kangean Island, E. Java Sea. In: C.A. Caughey, D.C. Carter et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence stratigraphy in Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 231-251. Dam, M.A.C. (1994)- The Late Quaternary evolution of the Bandung Basin, West Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 252 p. Dam, M.A.C., P. Suparan, J.J. Nossin & R.P.G.A. Voskuil (1996)- A chronology for geomorphological developments in the greater Bandung area, West-Java, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 14, p. 101-115. (Bandung area large intramontane basin surrounded by volcanic highlands, which developed during MiddleLate Quaternary, in particular since 125 kyr B.P.) Danes, J.V. (1910)- Die Karstphanomene im Goenoeng Sewoe auf Java. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., ser. 2, 27, p. 247- 260. (‘The karst phenomena in Gunung Sewu on Java’. Brief summary of early study of the famous cone karst of the Southern Mountans of C and E Java. Published in more detail in 1915) Danes, J.V. (1915)- Das Karstgebiet Goenoeng Sewoe in Java. Sitzungsber. Koningl. Boehm. Gesellsch. Wissensch. Prag, Math.-Naturw. Kl.,p. 1-90.


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(‘The Gunung Sewu karst region of Java’. Classic Southern Mountains karst study. Reviewed by Hol (1918)) Danisworo, C. (1992)- Magnetostratigraphy of Plio-Pleistocene deposits in the Sangiran area, Central Java. Proc. 21st Ann. Mtg. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. 477-485. Dardji, Noeradi (1997)- Evolusi Cekungan Paleogen di daerah Ciletuh Jawa Barat Selatan. Buletin Geologi, 27, ITB, Bandung, p. 27-42. Dardji, N., E.A. Subroto, H.E. Wahono, E. Hermanto & Y. Zaim (2006)- Basin evolution and hydrocarbon potential of Majalengka-Bumiayu transpression basin, Java Island, Indonesia. AAPG 2006 Int. Conf. Exhib., Perth. (Abstract only) (NW-SE zone from Majalengka to Bumiayu characterised by fold belt of Neogene sediments.Zone is between two majors NE-SW lineaments i.e. Cimandiri and N70E fault zones. Both indicate left lateral movement and place Majalengka-Bumiayu folded zone in transpression zone. Stratigraphy complicated, composed of OligoMiocene to Pleistocene rocks. Distal turbidite system in lower part, shallowing upward to coarser turbidites and to fluvial-shallow marine clastics in Plio-Pleistocene. At least twelve oil seeps, ten suspected gas seeps and one discovery well in E-M Miocene turbiditic sandstones) Dardji, N., T. Villemin & J.P. Rampnoux (1994)- Paleostresses and strike-slip movement: the Cimandiri Fault Zone, West Java, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 1-2, p. 3-11. (Cimandiri FZ sinistral strike-slip zone) Darman, H. (1996)- Studi provenance batupasir Formasi Halang, kaitannya dengan paleogeografi Miosen daerah Bantarkawung, Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Berita Sedimentologi (Indon Sed. Forum) 3, p. (Provenance study of Halang Fm sandstones and implications for Miocene paleogeography of Bantarkawung area, Brebes area, C Java) Darmoyo, A.B., S.P.C. Sosromihardjo & B. Satyamurti (2001)- The sedimentology of Pleistocene volcanoclastic in the Lapindo Brantas Block, East Java. Majalah Geol. Indon 16, 1, p. 15-38. (Pleistocene volcanoclastics gas-bearing in Wunut field, E Java. Pleistocene overall regressive marine to nonmarine sequence prograding to N in E Pleistocene, more to NE and E in Late Pleistocene- Holocene. Five higher order sequences in 1.5 My of Pleistocene- Holocene; tied to Mitchum 1993 cycle chart) Datun, M. (1982)- Penelitian asal pasir Ngrayong, Jawah Tengah. Geol. Indonesia (J. Indon. Assoc. Geologists IAGI) 9, 2, p. 71-78. (‘Investigation of Ngrayong sandstone provenance, Central Java’. Measured sections of 590 m thickness in Candi and Todanan areas show M Miocene (N11-N12) Ngrayong sandstones composed of : 71-87% quartz, 011% clay minerals, 0-11 % glauconite, 0-12.4% iron oxide; 0-2.2% opaque mineral and plagioclase- biotite 00.2%. Quartz types metamorphic 64.4%, plutonic 28.3%, reworked sedimentary 7.1% and vein quartz 0.2%. Ngrayong provenance mainly metamorphic and granitic plutonic rocks) Datun, M., Sukandarrumidi, B. Hermanto & N. Suwarna (1996)- Geological map of the Ngawi Quadrangle, Jawa, 2nd Ed. (Quad. 1508-4), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Indonesia. Datun, M., B. Toha & Widiasmoro (1985)- Fieldtrip guidebook Sangiran Dome and Southern Mountains, Central Java. Gadjah Mada University, 29p. Davies, R.J., M. Brumm, M. Manga, R. Rubiandini, R. Swarbrick & M. Tingay (2008)- The East Java mud volcano (2006 to present): an earthquake or drilling trigger? Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 272 627–638 (‘Lusi’ active mud volcano in E Java probably caused by drilling of nearby Banjar Panji-1 exploration well) Davies, R.J., M. Manga, M. Tingay, S. Lusianga & R. Swarbrick (2010)- Discussion: Sawolo et al. (2009) The LUSI mud volcano controversy: was it caused by drilling?’ Marine Petrol. Geol. 27, p. 1651-1657. (Disagree with the Sawolo et al. (2009) conclusion that drilling was not cause of E Java Lusi mud volcano)


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Davies, R.J., S.A. Mathias, E. Swarbrick & M. Tingay (2011)- Probabilistic longevity estimate for the LUSI mud volcano, East Java. J. Geol. Soc., London, 168, 2, p. 517-523. (Estimate of duration of LUSI mud volcano in E Java, assuming carbonates at 2500–3500m are water source, with area 100-600 km2, thickness 0.2–1.0 km, porosity 15-25%, initial pressure 13.9-17.6 MPa, and separate, shallower source of mud. Time for flow to decline to <0.1 Ml/day is 26 years. Can continue to flow at lower rates for thousands of years. Land surface subsidence of ~ 95- 475 m can be expected within 26 year time) Davies, R.K., D.A. Medwedeff, G.P. O'Donnell et al. (1996)- Regional and reservoir scale analysis of fault systems and structural development of Pagerungan gas Field, East Java Sea, Indonesia. American Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Annual Conv., San Diego, Abstracts, 5, p. A33. (Abstract only) (Pagerungan gas field complexly faulted and folded anticline N of Sakala-Paliat Fault System, offshore Bali. Eocene clastic reservoir affected by two generations of faults: Eocene normal and Neogene compressional) Davies, R.J., R.E. Swarbrick, R.J. Evans & M. Huuse (2007)- Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006. GSA Today 17, 2, p. 4-9. (Mud eruption appears triggered by drilling of overpressured porous and permeable limestones at ~2830 m in Banjar Panji 1 exploration well) Davis, R.C. (1995)- Analysis of oil and gas seeps from Central Java, results of field survey. Multi-client study. PT Geoservices, Jakarta, 130 p. (N Serayu Mts ‘classic’ oil seep of Reerink 1865 mixed terrestrial-marine biomarkers, but significantly different isotope ratios from’Cepu’ oils) De Beaufort, L.F. (1928)- On a collection of Miocene fish-teeth from Java. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 8, p. 3-6. (Fish teeth (incl. shark) and teeth of ?crocodile and Cetacea in agglomerate at base of manganese ore seam in Kleripan mine, Kulun Progo, Yogyakarta district. Seam is between Miocene limestones, possibly with Lepidocyclina flexuosa. Kleripan fish fauna similar to that of oil-bearing limestone in Ngembak described by Martin 1919, presumably with Cycloclypeus annulatus (= M Miocene)) De Boer, P.L., C.G. Langereis, J.D.A. Zijderveld, A.J.T. Romein et al. (1987)- Beryllium-10 data from redeposited Late Miocene pelagic sediments (East Java, Indonesia). Nuclear Instruments and methods in Physics Res. B29, p. 322-325. De Creve, W.H. (1865)- Aardolie en haar voorkomen in Nederlandsch Indie. Tijdschr. Nijverheid Landbouw Nederl. Indie 1865, 6. 4, p. ('Petroleum and its occurrence in Netherlands Indies'. Early paper on occurrence of oil seeps on Java) De Genevraye, P. & L. Samuel (1972)- The geology of Kendeng Zone (East Java). Proc. 1st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petroleum Assoc., p. 17-30. (Classic BEICIP Kendeng zone summary paper) De Groot, C. (1851)- Eiland Bawean. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie 1, 2, p. 262-274. (First geological reconnaissance of Bawean island, Java Sea) Deighton, I., P. Conn & C. LeRoy (2010)- New seismic in the Java forearc basin: implications for plate tectonic reconstructions. Proc. HAGI-SEG Int. Geosciences Conf., Bali 2010, IGCE10-OP-167, 8p. (New long-offset 2D seismic along S Java forearc basin images basement under mid-late Tertiary forearc fill. W sector of offshore S Java Basin heterogeneous basement with no significant internal reflectivity over large areas but some low angle dipping reflector sequences. This and sharp rugose basement interface suggest oceanic or transitional crust. E sector of offshore S Java relatively thin Miocene- younger sediments, underlain by 3+ seconds of block-faulted parallel-bedded sedimentary section, similar in seismic character to Mesozoic


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from Australian NW Shelf, and possibly fragment of Gondwanaland ('Argo Land'). Underlying basement too deep to image. Two basin sectors separated by a prominent structural high) Deighton, I., T. Hancock, G. Hudson, M. Tamannai, P. Conn & K. Oh (2011)- Infill seismic in the Southeast Java forearc basin: implications for petroleum prospectivity. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-068, 14p. (More new, deep 2D seismic lines along E part of Java forearc, imaging >3 seconds TWT of unexpected blockfaulted parallel-bedded sediments, with similarities in seismic character to Mesozoic sections from Australian NW Shelf, buried under >2 seconds TWT of mid-late Tertiary forearc deposits. Also map of M Miocene reef complexes) Del Marmol, M.A. & B.D. Marsh (1988)- Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia: petrology and geochemistry. Chemical Geology 70, 1-2, p. 86 Dengler, L. (1893)- Ueber einige neue Erdole aus Java. Thesis Technische Hochschule, Karlsruhe, 51 p. (‘On some new crude oils from Java’. Early chemical analyses of crude oils from five NE Java wells: Koeti 4, Koeti 20, Berbek 2, Gogor and Roengkoet. Oils mostly naphtene, followed by paraffins. Gogor and Roengkoet oils very heavy and no paraffins) De Vogel, H.A.F. (1859)- Kajangan-api of vuurwellen van Bodjonegoro. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 16, p. 320-324. (Early description of the long-lived, burning Kayangan-api gas seep(s), 25 km from Bojonegoro, NE Java) Dharma, B. (2000)- Fossil molluscs from Java. Club Conchylia Informationen 32, p. 59-64. Dianto, Y. & Y. Saamena (2008)- Gunung Badak, Cikepuh-Citisuk, dan Citirem, kompleks petrotektonik jalur subduksi Kapur Jawa Barat. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 717-729. ('Gunung Badak, Cikepuh-Citisuk and Citirem, Cretaceous subduction complex, W Java'. Another summary of the Ciletuh melange complex of SW Java, with some new rock geochemical data)) Dibyantono, H. & S. Sutrina (1977)- Bouger anomaly map of Banjornegara & Pekalangan quadrangle, Java, 1: 100 000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Dinkelman, M.G., J.W. Granath, P.A. Emmet & D.E. Bird (2008)- Deep crustal structure of East Java Sea backarc region from long-cable 2D seismic reflection data integrated with potential fields data. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-153, 6 p. (JavaSpan deep seismic imaging overview) Direktorat Jenderal Minyak dan Gas Bumi, Cepu (1993)- Geological map of the Kendeng zone, 1:100,000. (Unpublished) Dirk, M.H.J. (1997)- Studi petrologi batuan ofiolit dari komplek bancuh Ciletuh, Jawa Barat. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral 7, 67, p. 26-31. ('Petrologic study of ophiolite rocks from the Ciletuh melange complex, W Java') Djaja, I. (1987)- The FWS Area on the F-High Trend, offshore NW Java: a new approach to an old play. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 41-56. (On potential play at E side of Arjuna basin in 'Main' Sst and 'Massive' Lst formations) Djajadihardja, Y.S. et al. (1999)- Investigation of methane venting and hydrothermal activity in the Sunda Trench, Southern offshore of West Java Island. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 47-58.


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Djoehanah, S., D.H. Natawidjaja & Praptisih (1993)- Karakteristik perubahan litologi, biostratigrafi dan model sedimentasi dari Formasi Waturanda- Penosogan- Halang. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1076-1090. (Lithology, biostratigraphy and sedimentation model of Miocene turbiditic Waturanda, Penosogan and Halang Fms of C Java) Djuanda, H. (1985)- Facies distribution in the Nurbani carbonate build-up, Sunda Basin. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1985, 2, p. 507-533. (E-M Miocene Nurbani reef Batu Raja carbonate build-up on W flank Sunda Basin. Sub-commercial 1983 oilgas discovery. Basal transgressive platform limestone with several successive carbonate build-ups. Three lithofacies: (1) reef front skeletal packstones- wackestones along E flank, (2) lagoonal back-reef mudstonesmarly limestones and (3) narrow band of reef core coral- algal boundstone. Best reservoir in skeletal packstones and wackestones with extensive mouldic and vuggy porosity, and with some fracturing) Djubiantono, T. (1992)- Les derniers depots marins de la depression de Solo (Java Central, Indonesie)chronostratigraphie et paleogeographie. Doct. Thesis, Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Paris, 208 p. (‘The final marine deposits of the Solo Depression, Central Java; chonostratigraphy and paleogeography’) Djubiantono, T. & F. Semah (1991)- Lower Pleistocene marine-continental transitional beds in the Solo depression and their relation to the environment of the Pucangan hominids. In: P. Bellwood (ed.) Indo-Pacific Prehistory 1990, Indo-Pacific Prehistory Assoc. Bull. 11, p. 7-13. (Online at: http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/view/595/584) (Kaliuter River section 10 km N of Sangiran shows transition from Pliocene folded marine Lower KalibengFm marls and Late Pliocene- E Pleistocene Upper Kalibeng Fm regressive series, unconformably overlain by unfolded M-U Pleistocene non-marine series with hominids. ‘Grenzbank’ is unconformity surface) Djubiantono, T., F. Semah & A.M. Semah (1992)- Chronology and palaeoenvironment of Plio- Pleistocene deposits in the Solo Depression (Central Java): the Kaliuter area and its relations with the ancient Javanese settlements. In: VIth Nat. Archaeological Congr. on Indonesian Archaeology, Malang 1992, II, p. 191-242. (C Java around Lw-M Pleistocene boundary (1.0- 0.8 Ma) dramatic volcano-tectonic activity, involving uplift of ranges around Solo Depression: Kendeng zone last major phase of folding and probably S Mountains uplift) Djuhaeni (1994)- Stratigraphie sequentielle des series sedimentaires marines du Neogene et du Pleistocene dans la region de Cepu, bassin Nord-Est de Java, Indonesie. Doct. Thesis, Universite Claude Bernard, Lyon, 218p. (Sequence stratigraphy of the marine Neogene-Pleistocene in the Cepu region, NE Java) Djuhaeni (1995)- Hubungan antara fluktuasi paras muka laut relatif dan biostratigrafi pada endapan Neogen dan Plistosen di daerah Cepu, Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Jurnal Tekn. Mineral 2, p. 33-48. Djuhaeni (1996)- Signifikasi aplikasi konsep stratigrafi sikuen pada endapan berumur Neogen-Plistosen di daerah Cepu, Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Jurnal Teknologi Mineral (ITB), 3, 2, p. 43-60. (‘Application of sequence stratigraphic concepts in the Neogene- Pleistocene of the Cepu area, NE Java’ Fourteen measured sections sampled for foraminifera. Sequence boundariess, characterized by erosional surfaces caused by drop of sea-level, identified. Sequences in NE Java Basin primarily highstand systems tracts dominated by carbonate or pelagic/hemipelagic facies. Basal parts of sequences may be lowstand and transgressive systems tracts) Djuhaeni (1996)- Efek tektonik dan ‘ecstasy’ terhadap terkembangan sikuen: suata contoh pada endapan Miosen Atas-Pliosen, zona N17-N20 di dareah Cepu, Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Proc. 25th Ann. Mtg. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. 242-261. (Tectonic and stratigraphic effects on sequences in Upper Miocene- Pliocene N17-N20 in Cepu area) Djuhaeni (1997)- Fenomena stratigrafi selama Miosen-Tengah hingga Pliosen di cekungan Java Timur Utara. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 314-325.


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(M Miocene- Pliocene sequence stratigraphic phenomena in NE Java basin) Djuhaeni (2004)- Stratigrafi cekungan Jawa Timur Utara: perkembangan tatanama satuan stratigrafi. In: Proc. Workshop Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa, Bandung 2003, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 30, p. 59-69. (NE Java basin stratigraphy) Djuhaeni (2004)- Problem tatanama satuan litostratigrafi endapan volkanoklastik laut-dalam di P. Jawa: suatu alternatif peningkatan kedalam kelompok. In: Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 30, p. 95-106. (‘Problems of marine volcanoclastic deposits nomenclature on Java’) Djuhaeni & S. Martodjojo (1989)- Stratigrafi daerah Majalengka dan hubungannya dengan tatanama satuan litostratigrafi di cekungan Bogor. Geol. Indonesia, 12, 1 (Katili Volume), p. 227-252. (Study of C Java Majalengka-Sumedang area between Bogor and Kendeng Troughs, characterized by M Miocene- Pliocene deep marine turbiditic facies, incl. Late Miocene volcanoclastics) Djuhaeni & S. Martodjojo (1990)- Studi batupasir Selorejo di daerah Cepu, Jawa Tengah. Proc. 19th Ann. Mtg. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 216-229. ('Study of the Selorejo sand in the Cepu area') Djuhaeni & D. Nugroho (2002)- Siklus transgresi-regresi dan sedimentasi Tersier di Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara: suatu kajian berdasarkan stratigrafi sikuen. Bul. Geol. 34, 3, Special Ed., p. (NE Java Tertiary sediments two transgression-regression (TR) supercycles. Early transgression at P15 (Upper Eocene), and maximum transgression during N19-N20 (Pliocene), with maximum regression at N11 (Middle Miocene). First TR Supercycle P15 to N11 (Upper Eocene-M Miocene). Maximum transgression at N7, marked by middle-neritic marl, part of Tuban Fm. Second TR supercycle N11 - N22 (Pliocene). Maximum transgressive during N19-N20, the biggest transgression in Tertiary, marked by upper-bathyal Mundu Fm marls, or Paciran Fm shelfal limestones. Evolution of sedimentation from Kujung Fm up to Lidah Fm indicated relationship between sediment supply, local tectonic and relative sea-level fluctuation or transgression-regression) Djunaedi, M.T. & M. Taufiq (2010)- Larger foraminifera from the bottom of Wonocolo Formation, East Java. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-248, 10p. (In Indonesian. Larger foraminifera from base of Wonocolo Fm at Kedungatta River, Larangan village, Pati District, three species: Cycloclypeus eidae, Lepidocyclina (T.) rutteni and Lepidocyclina B form, indicating zone Tf1-2 age, upper M Miocene- lower Late Miocene. Can be correlated with planktonic foraminifera zones N15/N16. Deposited in middle neritic environment) Djuri, M. (1973)- Geologic map of the Arjawinangun Quadrangle, Java, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung. (Area around and NW of Ciremai volcano,W-C Java) Djuri, M. (1975)- Geologic map of the Purwokerto and Tegal Quadrangles, Java, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung. (Area around Slamet volcano; some of folding of Miocene rocks concentric around Slamet) Donovan, S.K., W. Renema & D.N. Lewis (2010)- A new species of Goniocidaris Desor (Echinoidea, Cidaroida) from the Middle Miocene of Java. Alcheringa 34, 1, 87-95. (Distinctive cidaroid echinoid spines from M Miocene Bulu Fm, Java, described as Goniocidaris paraplu n.sp.) Doornink, H.W. (1932)- Tertiary Nummulitidae from Java. Verhand. Geol-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Ned. Kol., Geol. ser. 9, 4, p. 267-316.


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Dorobek S.L. & R. Adhyaksawan (2003)- Conditions conducive to coalescence of isolated platforms in the Miocene Wonocolo Formation, North Madura area, East Java Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Ann. Conv., Salt Lake City 2003. (Abstract only) (M-U Miocene (~12-6 Ma) Wonocolo Fm offshore N Madura numerous isolated carbonate platforms, with up to five growth phases. In W part of area individual platforms larger in plan view than age-equivalent platforms to E and show initial development of several closely spaced isolated platforms that coalesce at middle of growth history into larger composite platforms. Leeward (E) margins of W-most platforms greatest amounts of progradation and filling of interplatform troughs. Smaller platforms in E part of study area steeper sided, farther apart, and largely aggradational geometries, possibly due to faster subsidence rates in E) Dorojatun, A., A. Kusnin, M. Hutabarat, R.K. Suchecki & S.G. Pemberton (1996)- Geological reservoir heterogeneity of Talang Akar depositional system in the Jatibarang Sub-Basin, Offshore NW Java, Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 357-373. (Talang Akar reservoirs in Jatibarang sub-basin along N border fault heterogeneous, coarse-grained sandstones to sandy mudstones deposited in fluvial-delta setting. Deposits historically regarded as alluvial-fan facies including highly anisotropic braided-stream fill and debris flows. Sedimentology and ichnology used to re-interpret these deposits as coarse-grained fluvial-deltaic to marginal marine with deposition along N border fault related to changes of base level or relative sea level that includes tectonic movements) Douville, H. (1916)- Les foraminiferes des couches de Rembang. Sammlungen Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, ser. 1, 10, p. 19-35. (’The foraminifera from the Rembang Beds’. Miocene Cycloclypeus annulatus and Lepidocyclina from Ngampel, Ngandong, etc., in NE Java samples collected by Martin. Also Flosculinella bontangensis from Sedan in sample collected by Verbeek) Dozy, C.M.. (1911)- Bemerkungen zur Stratigraphie der Sedimente in der Triniler Gegend. In: M.L. Selenka & M. Blankenhorn, Die Pithecanthropus-Schichten auf Java, Geologische Ergebnisse der Trinil-Expedition (1907-1908), Engelmann, Leipzig, p. 34-36. ('Notes on the stratigraphy of the sediments in the Trinil region'. Brief note on stratigraphy of latest PliocenePleistocene deposits around Trinil excavation area of Selenka Expedition, C Java) Dragan, E., J.A. Simo, E. Sharaf, J. Tang, J. Naranjo & A. Carroll (2006)- Oligocene-Miocene carbonate mounds in the East Java Basin, Indonesia. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosciences Conf. and Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-SRC-03, 6 p. (Extended Abstract) (E Java Basin three main intervals of carbonate platform and mound growth: Kujung (carbonate mound and off-mound, ~28-22 Ma), Tuban (mixed carbonate mounds-siliciclastics,~22-15 Ma), and Wonocolo (Bulu limestone, ~13-12 Ma). Each interval multiple generations of carbonate growth and demise. Geometries of platform and mound margins vary through time and interval from steep and aggradational to gradual and progradational and do not have consistent windward-leeward direction) Druif, J.H. (1930)- Een nieuwe vindplaats van glaucophaan in den bodem van Java, benevens enkele opmerkingen aangaande de vermoedelijke herkomst. De Mijningenieur 11, p. 242-244. ('A new location of glaucophane in the soil of Java, with some remarks regarding its probable origin'. Material from extinct mud volcano of Pulungan, Kalang Anyar, S of Surabaya. Suspected to be from 'Sundaland' (= just N of Lusi/ Sidordjo mud blowout. Glaucophane suggests accretionary basement, not continental terrane; HvG) Dubois, E. (1908)- Das geologischer Alter der Kendeng- oder Trinil-Fauna. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Genoot. 2, 25, p. 1235-1270. (On the Pleistocene age of the Kendeng or Trinil vertebrate faunas) Duhaeni (2004)- Stratigrafi cekungan Jawa Timur utara: Perkembangan Tatanama Satuan Stratigrafi. Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa. GRDC Bandung Spec. Publ. 30, p. 59-70. Durham, J.W. (1940)- Aturia in the Upper Miocene of Java. J. Paleontology 14, 2, p. 160-161.


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In:

Duyfjes, J. (1936)- Zur Geologie und Stratigraphie des Kendenggebietes zwischen Trinil und Soerabaja (Java). De Ingen. in Nederl.-Indie, Sect. IV Mijnbouw en Geol. 4, 8, p. 136-149. (‘On the geology and stratigraphy of the Kendeng area between Trinil and Surabaya’. Discussion of PlioPleistocene geology and stratigraphy of 1930's E Java mapping by Bandung Geological Survey. English translation at www.petropep.de/Duyfjes36engl.pdf) Duyfjes, J. (1938)- Geologische kaart van Java 1:100.000. Toelichting bij blad 109 (Lamongan). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Batavia, 68 p. Duyfjes, J. (1938)- Geologische kaart van Java 1:100.000. Toelichting bij blad 110 (Modjokerto). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Batavia, 68 p. Duyfjes, J. (1938)- Geologische kaart van Java 1:100.000. Toelichting bij blad 115 (Soerabaja). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Batavia, 73 p. Duyfjes, J. (1938)- Geologische kaart van Java 1:100.000. Toelichting bij blad 116 (Sidoardjo). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Batavia, 79 p. Duyfjes, J. (1941)- Report of the geological survey made in the southern part of the District Djampangkoelon during two trips in 1940. Geological Survey Bandung Open File Report E40-88 (or 8/g/41) (Early report on Ciletuh area Pretertiary, etc. rocks) Dwi Putranto, G.N. (2006)- Sandbox modeling of thrust-fold belt in Kendeng zone, East Java Basin. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, p. Ebanks, W.J. & C.B.P. Cook (1993)- Sedimentology and reservoir properties of Eocene Ngimbang clastics sandstones in cores of the Pagerungan-5 Well Pagerungan Field, East Java Sea. In: C.D. Atkinson et al. (eds.) Clastic rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia, IPA Core Workshop Notes, Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 9-36. (Sedimentological descriptions of Eocene gas-bearing fluvial clastics of Pagerungan field, E Java Sea) Edwards, C.M.H., M. Menzies & M. Thirlwall (1991)- Evidence from Muriah, Indonesia, for the interplay of supra- subduction zone and intraplate processes in the genesis of potassic alkaline magmas. J. Petrol. 32, 3, p. 555-592. (High-K alkaline volcano Muriah in C Java has younger highly potassic series (HK) and an older potassic series (K). Proposed model for Muriah lavas three source components: (1) asthenosphere of mantle wedge of Sunda arc, which has Indian Ocean MORB characteristics; (2) metasomatic layer at base of lithosphere, which has enriched mantle characteristics; (3) subducted pelagic sediments. Calc-alkaline magma contaminated by arc crust before mixing. Magmas show transition from intraplate to subduction zone processes in their genesis) Edwards, C.M.H., M.A. Menzies, M.F. Thirlwall, J.D. Morris, W.P. Leeman &, R.S. Harmon (1994)- The transition to potassic alkaline volcanism in island arcs: the Ringgit-Beser complex, East Java, Indonesia. J. Petrol. 35, 6, p. 1557-1595. (Ringgit-Beser volcanic complex lavas of normal island arc calc-alkaline type and atypical potassic lavas, including high-Mg lavas. Incompatible trace element and Pb isotope data for calc-alkaline lavas indicate similar source to other calc-alkaline lavas in Java (Indian Ocean MORB mantle fluxed by fluids from subducted slab). Potassic lavas from enriched mantle sources within wedge not affected by recent subduction processes) Effendi (1974)- Geologic map of the Bogor Quadrangle, Java, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bandung, 2nd ed. 1998. Ehrenberg, C.G. (1855)- Nahere Bestimmung der Mischung des frischen Auswurfs des Schlammvulkans von Poerwodadi auf Java. Ber. k. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., p. 570-576. ('Determination of the mixture of fresh outflow of the mud volcano of Purwodadi on Java')


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Elmaleh, A., J.P. Valet, X. Quidelleur, A. Solihin, H. Bouquerel, T. Tesson, E. Mulyadi, A. Khokhlov & D. Wirakusumah (2004)- Palaeosecular variation in Java and Bawean islands (Indonesia) during the Brunhes chron. Geophys. J. Int. 157, 1, p. 441-454. (Palaeomagnetic study from lava flows and dykes of Merapi and Merbabu, Bromo-Tengger, Lurus and Bawean Island. Ages mainly in Brunhes chron. Few reverse polarity flows probably emplaced during late Matuyama chron. Bawean leucite-bearing volcanics M Pleistocene age (0.3-0.8 Ma)) Emery, K.O., E. Uchupi, J. Sunderland, H.L. Uktolseja & E.M. Young (1972)- Geological structure and some water characteristics of the Java Sea and adjacent continental shelf. United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 6, p. 197-223. (Report on 1971Woods Hole marine geological- geophysical survey of Java Sea and part of Sunda Shelf. Identified NE trending basement ridges, etc.) Emmet, P.A. (1996)- Cenozoic inversion structures in a back-arc setting, Western Flores Sea, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Rice University, Houston, 277 p. (online at: http://scholarship.rice.edu/handle/1911/16969) (Geophysical- geological study of marginal basin in W Flores Sea. Underlying crust transitional between Sunda craton continental crust to W and Banda back-arc oceanic crust to E. Half-grabens began to form in M Eocene by extensional reactivation of thrusts in peneplained Cretaceous accretionary prism basement complex. Extension and regional subsidence continued until E Miocene, when compression began to invert extensional faults of half-grabens as thrusts. Inversion most dramatic during Late Miocene and Pliocene and continues today. Paleogene orthogonal extension, oriented N-S. Neogene depositional sequences determined from seismic stratal patterns and biostratigraphy data compare generally favorably to Haq et al. (1987) global cycle chart) Emmet, P.A. & A.W. Bally (1996)- Evolution of Cenozoic inversion structures, East Java Sea, Indonesia. AAPG Ann. Conv., San Diego May 1996. (Abstract only). (Study of deep water (>200 m) subbasin in E Java Sea. Pelitic basement deformed in Cretaceous accretionary prism and uplifted/ peneplained in E Tertiary. ENE- trending half-grabens formed in Sunda back-arc in M Eocene- E Oligocene. Basin-bounding faults listric and inferred to sole into sub-horizontal detachment at <10 km. Extensional structures controlled by pre-existing thrusts and shaly bedding planes in basement. Eocene rifting in few deep basins. Oligocene rifting more broadly distributed in shallower basins. Inversion began in E Miocene as basin-bounding faults reactivated and graben-fill sediments displaced towards adjacent horst blocks. Most inversions trend ENE and grew in bathyal water depth. Inversion progressed through Miocene and culminated in development of regional basement-involved inversion high (E extension of Kangean high), uplifted and truncated in latest Miocene. Despite regional compression which continues today at deep structural level, small-displacement domino-style normal faults ubiquitous at shallow structural level and apparently form on flanks of growing inversions by gravity sliding) Emmet, P.A. & P.R. Vail (1996)- Cenozoic inversion structures, East Java Sea, Indonesia: can tectonic and eustatic influences on stratal architecture be distinguished? AAPG Ann. Conv., San Diego 1996. (Abstract only. Extensional half-grabens in Sunda back-arc filled by M Eocene non-marine siliciclastics, including lacustrine coals, transgressed by Late Eocene shallow-water carbonates on margins of rift basins with shale dominant in basin axes. Late Oligocene- E Miocene regional sag with aggradation of shallow water carbonates on basin margins, deep-water carbonate mudstone and shale in basin axes. Onset of compression in E Miocene reflected by increase in subsidence and sedimentation rates. Paleogene extensional basins progressively inverted as thick wedges of Miocene and younger calcareous mudstone accumulated on flanks. In Miocene N margin of basin strongly progradational reflecting tectonic stability and dominant eustatic influence, S margin back-stepped due to higher tectonic subsidence related to inversion process. In deep basin, horizons defining growth phases of inversion structures correlate with eustatically-controlled unconformities on basin margins ) Emmet, P.A., J.W. Granath & M.G. Dinkelman (2009)- Pre-Tertiary sedimentary “keels” provide insights into tectonic assembly of basement terranes and present-day petroleum systems of the East Java Sea. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-046, 11p.


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(E Java Sea deep seismic imaged up to 5 km of pre-M Eocene beds below angular unconformity, locally preserved in faulted synclines 20-50 km wide. These 'synformal keels' lie below known inversion structures, indicating Eocene extensional basins and Miocene inversions nucleated on pre-existing structures. E-W orientation of better imaged keels may represent fabric of source terrane, presumably Australian margin.) Endharto, Mac (2004)- The tidal flat-shelf depositional system of the Ngrayong Sandstone in the western part of the Madura Island. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 17-42. Endharto, Mac (2005)- The tidal flat-shelf depositional system of the Ngrayong Sandstone in the western part of the Madura Island. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (J. Geol. Resources; GRDC) 15, 2, p. 61-80. (Gunung Geger-Gujug Laut-Water Fall section suggests Ngrayong Sst formed in tidal sand flat, from supratidal-salt marsh to shallow subtidal environments. Tabular cross bedding in bioclastic lithic arenite, interpreted as sand flat in headward portion of macrotidal estuaries. Marine shelf transgression shown by sandy limestone at upper part of sequence. Paleocurrents from cross bedding S-SW direction (200°- 190°). Ernando, Z. & A. Fathoni (2011)- Volcanic reservoir characterization of Jatibarang Formation base on an integrated study of petrography, sidewall core, Fmi, well test data, and well log. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA11-G-166, 12p. (On reservoir properties of Eo-Oligocene Jatibarang Fm fractured volcanoclastics in NW Java basin) Everwijn, R. (1874)- Iets over aardolie in de residentie Cheribon op Java. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 1874, 1, p. 167-171. ('On petroleum in the Residency Cirebon on Java') Fainstein, R. (1987)- Exploration of the North Seribu Area, Northwest Java Sea. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 191-214. Fainstein, R. & V.R. Checka (1988)- Seismic exploration of the Thousand Islands area, Java Sea. In: Proc. 58th Ann. Int. Mtg Soc. Expl. Geoph. SEG, Anaheim, S8.7, p. 877-881. Fainstein, R. & H. Pramono (1986)- Structure and stratigraphy of AVS Field, Java Sea. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 19-45. (AVS Field multiple Oligocene Talang Akar Fm channel sand reservoirs. Two facies (1) fluvial/upper deltaic and (2) transitional/lower deltaic. Oil is on structural roll-overs confined laterally by growth faults of Thousand Islands Fault System. No communication between multiple reservoir zones. Twenty oil- bearing reservoirs. Recoverable reserves >20 MBO) Felix, J. (1913)- Die fossilen Anthozoa aus der Umgegend von Trinil. Palaeontographica 60, p. 311-365. (‘The fossil corals from the surroundings of Trinil’, Central Java) Fennema, R. (1886)- De vulkanen Semeroe en Lemongan. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1886, Wet. Ged., p. 5-130. (Early paper on Semeru and Lamongan volcanoes, E Java) Fermin, P.G.H.A. (1951)- Mangaanertsen op Java. Geol. Mijnbouw 13, p. 68-79. ('Manganese ores on Java') Fisher, D.A. & L Suffendy (1999)- Dim spots and non-bright AVO associated with gas in the South Arjuna Basin, offshore NW Java. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 169-178. Flathe, H. & D. Pfeiffer (1963)- Outlines of the hydrogeology of the Isle of Madura (Indonesia). Int. Ass. of Scient. Hydrology, 64, Berkeley, p. 543-560. (1961 hydrogeological inventory survey on Madura)


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Flathe, H. & D. Pfeiffer (1965)- Grundzuge der Morphologie, Geologie und Hydrogeologie im Karstgebiet Gunung Sewu (Java, Indonesien). Geol. Jahrbuch 83, p. 533-562. (‘Fundamentals of the morphology, geology and hydrogeology in the Gunung Sewu karst area, Java’. On tropical karst in massive reef limestone of Miocene Wonosari beds of Gunung Sewu region alongS part of C and E Java. Limestone gently folded and dips slightly to SE. Terrain here called sinus karst because of sinusoidal contour of rounded hills which rise 30-70 m above floor. Drainage mainly subsurface) Fletcher, G.L. & K.W. Bay (1975)- Geochemical evaluation, NW Java Basin. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 211-240. (Early ARCO source rock paper, suggesting main source rocks are in U Cibulakan and Talang Akar formations) Franchino, A., E. Robba & D. Sartorio (1991)- Remarks on the age of the limestones of southeastern Java (Indonesia). Riv. Ital. Paleont. Stratigr. 97, 3-4, p. 629-638. Fukushima, Y., J. Mori, M. Hashimoto, Y. Kano (2009)- Subsidence associated with the LUSI mud eruption, East Java, investigated by SAR interferometry. Marine Petrol. Geol. 29, p. 1740-1750. (Using satellite data to detect subsidence around E Java Lusi mud volcano) Gaffar, E.Z. (1998)- Kemagnetan purba daerah Ciletuh, Jawa Barat pada Mesozoikum Akhir: studi pendahuluan untuk rekonstruksi kemagnetan purba daerah Jawa Barat. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 10-15. ('Paleomagnetism of the Ciletuh area, W Java at end-Mesozoic; study for paleomagnetic reconstruction of the W Java area') Gafoer, S. & N. Ratman (1998)- Geological map of Western Part of Java, 1:500,000, 2nd ed.. Geol. Res. Dedv. Centre, Bandung. Ganie, B.M., Syaifudden, A. Superman & E. Honza (1987)- Geomorphological features in the Eastern Sunda Trench. CCOP Techn. Bull. 19, p. 7-12. Garrard, R.A., D.M. Schiller, C.T. Siemers & J.T. van Gorsel (1990)- IPA Post-Convention fieldtrip- SouthWest Java. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 86 p. (4-day fieldtrip to Eocene- Miocene outcrops of Cibadak, Bayah, Ciletuh and Pelabuhan Ratu areas) Genna, A., M. Jebrak, E. Marcoux & J.P. Milesi (1996)- Genesis of cockade breccias in the tectonic evolution of the Cirotan epithermal gold system, West Java. Can. J. Earth Sci. 33, p. 93-102. Geological Survey of Indonesia (1963/1977)- Geological map of Java and Madura, scale 1:500,000. Sheet I, West Java. Bandung. Geological Survey of Indonesia (1963/1977)- Geological map of Java and Madura, scale 1:500,000. Sheet II, Central Java. Bandung. Geological Survey of Indonesia (1963/1977)- Geological map of Java and Madura, scale 1:500,000. Sheet III, East Java. Bandung. Gerth, H. (1921)- Die Fossilien von Java auf Grund einer Sammlung von Dr. R.D.M. Verbeek und von anderen bearbeitet durch Dr. K. Martin. Anthozoen von Java und die Mollusken der Njalindungschichten erster Teil. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Museum Leiden (N.F.) 1, 2, 3, p. 387-445. (Fossils from Java collections of Verbeek and Martin: Corals from Java and molluscs from Nyalindung beds)


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Gerth, H. (1929)- The stratigraphical distribution of the larger foraminifera in the Tertiary of Java. Proc. 4th Pacific Sci. Congr., Java 1929, IIB, p. 591-599. (short paper) Gerth, H. (1930)- Ein neues Eocaen-Vorkommen bei Djokja auf Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 33, 4, p. 392-395. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015901.pdf) (‘A new Eocene locality near Yogyakarta on Java’. White limestone outcrops of Gunung Gamping, 4 km W of Yogyakarta Illustrated by Junghuhn (1850) and thought to be of Miocene age by Verbeek and Fennema (1896) and Martin (1914), but abundant Pellatispira and some Nummulites demonstrate Late Eocene age. Typical reefal limestone with common coral, i.e. different facies from nearby Nummulites limestone localities of Jiwo and Nanggulan) Gerth, H. (1931)- Der geologische Bau Javas. Geol. Rundschau 22, 3-4, p. 188-200. ('The geologic framework of Java'. Only three areas of Pretertiary outcrop, below thick cover of Tertiary sediments. Unconformities between Pretertiary and Paleogene and between Paleogene and Neogene reflect Tertiary orogenic phases: main phase at end of Neogene. Today’s active volcanoes appeared in Quaternary. With cross-sections, stratigraphic columns and tables) Gerth, H. (1933)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Korallenfauna des Tertiars von Java. I. Die Korallen des Eocaen und des alteren Neogen. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Wetensch. Meded. 25, 45 p. ('New contributions to the knowledge of the coral fauna of the Tertiary of Java. I. The corals of the Eocene and older Neogene'. Descriptions of four species of solitary corals from Nanggulan, W of Yogyakarta, and species from Oligo-miocene of Rajamandala, Serayu and Rembang areas. Little stratigraphy and locality information) Gerth, H. & W.F.F. Oppenoorth (1929)- The Upper Eocene Nanggoelan beds. Fourth Pacific Science Congress, Java 1929, Excursion D1, 7 p. Gingele, F.X., P. De Deckker, A. Girault & F. Guichard (2002)- History of the South Java Current over the past 80 ka. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol.. 183, p. 247-260. Goppert, H.R. (1854)- Die Tertiarflora der Insel Java, nach den Entdeckungen des Herrn Fr. Junghuhn beschrieben und erörtert in ihrem Verhaltnisse zur Gesammtflora der Tertiarperiode. C.W. Mieling, The Hague, 169 p. (First description of Tertiary plant fossils from Java, collected by Junghuhn) Goppert, H.R. (1864)- Uber die Tertiarflora von Java. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal. 1864, p. 177-186. ('On the Tertiary flora of Java') Gordon, T.L. (1985)- Talang Akar coals- Ardjuna subbasin oil source. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 91-120. (One of first papers to propose coals as oil source rocks in fields off NW Java) Graetzer, M.K. (1980)- Upper Eocene-Lower Miocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of wells JS 25-1 and JS 52-1, Offshore Eastern Java, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis University of Oklahoma, 112 p. Granath, J.W., P.A. Emmet & M.G. Dinkelman (2009)- Crustal architecture of the East Java Sea-Makassar Strait region from long-offset crustal-scale 2D seismic reflection imaging. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-047, 14p. (East Java Sea-Makassar Straits, Banda Sea, Flores (oceanic) basin deep seismic lines) Granath, J.W., J.M. Christ, P.A. Emmet & M.G. Dinkelman (2010)- Pre-Tertiary of the East Java Sea revisited: a stronger link to Australia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-007, 13p.


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(Seismic lines over Pre-Tertiary in E Java Sea area suggests history of rift-fill, cratonic sedimentation and inversion similar to Goulburn Graben of Arafura Shelf. Suggest departure of E Java Terrane from Australian margin in Late Jurassic and suturing to SE Sundaland in mid-Cretaceous. N part of EJT (affected by Eocene Makassar Straits extension) probably related to E Indonesian islands and Tasman orogenic belt, while south correlates to Australian craton) Granath, J.W., J.M. Christ, P.A. Emmet & M.G. Dinkelman (2011)- Pre-Tertiary sedimentary section and structure as reflected in the JavaSPAN crustal-scale PSDM seismic survey, and its implications regarding the basement terranes in the East Java Sea. In: R. Hall et al. (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 355, p. 53-74. Grandesso, P. (2001)- Contribution to biostratigraphy of the Nanggulan Formation (Java) based on planktonic foraminifera. Mem. Scienze Geol.,Padova, 53, p. 23-28. (Nanggulan section W of Yogya: lower part (Kalisonggo Mb, 200m) with planktonic foram assemblages of zones P11- P14 (M Eocene), upper part (Seputih Mb, 60m) zones P15-P19 (Late Eocene-Early Oligocene)) Grandjean, J.B. & T. Reinhold (1933)- De diatomeeenaarde van Darma in Cheribon. De Mijningenieur 14, p. 40-46. ('The diatomite of Darma in Cirebon') Gresko, M.J. & P. Lowry (1996)- Seismic expression and channel morphology of a Recent incised-valley complex, offshore Northwest Java. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence Stratigraphy in S.E. Asia. Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 21-33. (Identification of incised-valley complex on 3D seismic. Located within large erosional valley, 20-30km wide, >300 km long and >100 m relief, likely formed during repetitive sea-level lowstands in Pleistocene. It focused drainage from fluvial systems in NW Java, SE Sumatra, and possibly S Borneo into area of present-day Java Sea. From there fluvial systems drained into Indian Ocean through Sunda Straits) Gresko, M., C. Suria & S. Sinclair (1995)- Basin evolution of the Ardjuna rift system and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration, Offshore Northwest Java, Indonesia. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 148-161. (Ardjuna Basin on S edge of Sunda craton, originated during Eocene- Oligocene rifting event. Large sag basin over three precursor rift halfgrabens, with varying amounts of primary hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoir facies, the Oligocene Talang Akar Fm) Gross, O.P., R.J. Drevet, A. Sulaeman, E.M. Johnstone, J.G. McPherson, J. Stevens & D.C. Johnstone (2006)A new look at the East Java Basin using a genetic basin analysis approach. Proc. Int. Geosc. Conf., Jakarta 2006, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 5 p. (Extended abstract of NE Java basin regional study) Guntoro, A. (1999)- Tectonic and structural setting of the East Java-Flores Seas; an indication of a new subduction reversal polarity in eastern Indonesia. In: B. Ratanasthien & S.L. Rieb (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Shallow Tethys 5. p. 389-402. (E-W oriented Tertiary sedimentary basins of E Java-Flores two major zones with back-arc thrusting, Wetar N of Wetar-Alor and Flores thrust N of Flores-Sumbawa. Hamilton (1979) proposed back-arc thrusts indicate subduction polarity reversal. Large negative free-air anomalies over accreted wedge 30 km S of deepest part of the Flores Sea suggest underthrusting plate is pulled down, as in subduction zones. Crustal loading between Flores and Flores thrust cannot completely explain deflection of Flores Basin lithosphere if bent as elastic plate. Underthrusting plate may extend to negative gravity anomalies of Flores Island, or gravitational instability is pulling it down into asthenosphere. Effect of subduction polarity influenced by type of basement) Guntur, A., Sriwijaya, A. Ruswandi & Y. Setyoko (2011)- Potensi hidrokarbon di sub-cekungan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah bagian selatan. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-474, 20p.


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('Hydrocarbon potential of Banyumas sub-basin, s part of C Java'. Banyumas Sub-basin numerous oil and gas seeps. Several wells drilled, but unsuccessful. Source rock identified includes Paleogene of Nanggulan and Late Miocene of Halang Formations. Oil from seeps of fluvio-deltaic kerogen origin) Guppy, H.B. (1889)- Preliminary note on the geological structure of the Sindang-barang district, on the South coast of Java. Scottish Geogr. J. 5, 2, p. 73-76. Haanstra, U. & E. Spiker (1932)- Uber Fossilien aus dem Altmiozan von Rembang (Nord Java). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam 35, 8, p. 1096-1104. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016326.pdf) (‘On fossils from the Early Miocene of Rembang, N Java’. Study of molluscs collected by Erb from Ngrayong Beds at North side Lodan saddle. Grey and brown-grey clays interbedded with Lepidocyclina limestones, marls and quartz sandstones. Molluscs 47 species, 17% Recent) Hadi, T., L. Samuel & H. Widodo (1982)- Field trip guide book Prupuh- Karren carbonate rocks. Joint ASCOPE/ CCOP workshop on hydrocarbon occurrence in carbonate formation, Surabaya 1982, 9 p. (Descriptions of Early Miocene Prupuh and late Miocene Karren limestone formations for 1-day fieldtrip) Hadiwisastra, S. (2001)- Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy of the Nanggulan Formation, Central JavaIndonesia. Jurnal Teknol. Mineral (ITB) 8, 4, p. (Calcareous nannoplankton zonation of Nanggulan Fm, C Java, zones CP 13- CP 16 (M- L Eocene)) Hadiwisastra, S. & H. Kumai (2000)- Calcareous nannoplankton of Paleogene sediment from the Bayat area, Central Java. J. Geol. Soc. Japan (Chishitsugaku Zasshi) 106, 10, p. 651-658. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (First paper on calcareous nannofossils of ~70m thick section of Wungkal Fm, E side of Gunung Pendul, Bayat area, 20km E of Yogyakarta. Range from Late Eocene/CP 14- Early Oligocene/CP 16c. Eocene-Oligocene boundary recognized by last occurrence of Discoaster saipanensis, Discoaster barbadiensis and Cribrocentrum reticulatum. Subzone CP 16c in upper part of section identified by co-occurrence of Reticulofenestra umbilicus, Cyclicargolithus floridanus and Reticulofenestra bisecta) Hadiwisastra, S. & H. Kumai (2000)- Biostratigraphy of calcareous nannofossils in the Paleogene chaotic sediments in the Karangsambung area, Central Java, Indonesia. J. Geosc., Osaka City Univ., 43, 2, p. 21-31. (online at: http://dlisv03.media.osaka-cu.ac.jp/infolib/user_contents/kiyo/DB00010785.pdf ) (Paleogene of Loh Ulo mainly olistostromes with mudstones and scaly clays with exotic blocks. Lower part (Karangsambung Fm) with late M Eocene NP16-NP17 and reworked Upper Cretaceous nannofossils; upper part (Totogan Fm) Oligocene age) Hadiwisastra, S., S. Siregar, E.P. Utomo & Suwijanto (1994)- Depositional setting and distribution of carbonate facies of Wonosari Formation, Central Java. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Neogene Evolution of Pacific Ocean Gateways, Inter-University Seminar House of Kansai, Kobe, Japan, IGCP-355, p. 137-144. Hadiwisastra, S., S. Suparka, K.H. Thio & S. Siregar (1979)- Suatu tinjauan mengenai batuan metamorf di daerah Cihara, Bayah, Jawa Barat. Riset (LIPI, Bandung), 2, 1, p.1-6. ('Some views on the metamorphic rocks in the Cihara area, Bayah, W Java') Hadiyanto, N., D.E. Sartika, F. Deliani & O. Takano (2010)- Integrated 3-D Static reservoir modeling of Upper Pliocene Paciran carbonate in the Sirasun gas field, Kangean Block, East Java Basin. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Geol., IPA10-G-072, 12p. (E Java Sea Sirasun Field 1993 discovery with >200' gas column Upper Pliocene Mundu Fm globigerinid foraminiferal grainstones (called 'ramp-type platform facies'). Gas biogenic, >99% methane) Hadiyat, A. (1982)- Geologi dan kemungkinan-kemungkinan minyak dan gasbumi daerah Wangon Jeruklegi Jawa Tengah. Thesis Institute Teknologi Bandung, p.


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Hafsari, S.W. & S.U. Choiriah (2002)- Characteristics of the lithofacies and depositional environment of the Eocene Ngimbang, Ray-3 Well, Rayhan PSC East Java Sea, Indonesia. Proc. 31th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya, p. Hafsari, S.W. & S.U. Choiriah (2003)- Diagenesis and fracture development of the Eocene Ngimbang carbonate RD-3 well, RD PSC, East Java Sea, Indonesia. Proc. 32nd IAGI and 28nd HAGI Ann. Conv., p. 1-6. (Eocene Ngimbang Carbonate buildup in core from RD 3 well, W of Kangean Island, affected by deep marine platform diagenesis and shallow marine platform diagenesis. Shallow marine platform affected by marine diagenesis, meteoric subaerial exposure and burial diagenesis. After burial to 12,000' Ngimbang carbonate formation uplifted by inversion to 7,000', important for development of fracture porosity. Low average matrix porosity (1.8%) and permeability (0.1 md). Upper sequence did not develop fracture porosity because of high detrital clay content and has poor reservoir potential) Hageman, J. (1862)- Nadere inlichtingen omtrent de op het eiland Madura ontdekte ontvlambare gasbronnen. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 24, p. 487-488. ('Aditional information on the flammable gas seeps discovered on Madura') Hakiki, F., R.P. Sekti, T. Simo, S.M. Fullmer & F. Musgrove (2012)- Oligo-Miocene carbonate reservoir quality controls- deposition and diagenesis study of Banyu Urip Field, onshore East Java. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-037, p. 1-13. (Oligo-Miocene carbonates of Banyu Urip Field almost 1000m aggrading phase composed of repeated 50m thick shallowing-upward cycles. Drowning phase up to 300m thick, dominated by red algae. Early diagenesis associated with exposure to fresh water at sequence boundaries creates cementation and dissolution over 50m cycle. Late burial diagenesis also important, demonstrated by vugular dissolution that cross cuts stylolites) Hall, R., B. Clements, H.R. Smyth & M.A. Cottam (2007)- A new interpretation of Java’s structure. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-035, 23p. (Paleogene arc volcanoes acted as load which caused flexural basin to develop between Sunda Shelf and S Mountains Arc. Thrusting in S Java displaced Paleogene volcanic arc rocks N by >50 km and eliminated flexural basin in W Java. Amount of thrusting diminishes from W to E Java. Three distinct structural sectors in Java, W, Central and E. C Java displays deepest structural levels of N-directed thrusts, and Cretaceous basement is exposed; overthrust volcanic arc largely removed by erosion. In W and E Java overthrust arc preserved. In W Java arc thrust onto shelf sequences of Sundaland margin. In E Java volcanic arc thrust onto thick volcanic/sedimentary sequence formed N of arc in flexural basin due largely to arc loading. Traps beneath overthrust arc offer new hydrocarbon exploration possibilities, particularly in W Java) Hamilton, P.J., H. Smyth, R. Hall & P.D. Kinny (2006)- Zircon age constraints on the basement in East Java, Indonesia. Geochim. Cosmichim. Acta 70, 18, Suppl. 1, p. A225 (Goldschmidt Conference Abstract) (Inherited zircon U-Pb dates in E Java volcaniclastics mixed populations, reflecting recycling from earlier eruptions. Inherited dates peaks at: (1) Cretaceous- restricted to W and NW of E Java, close to Cretaceous basement exposures (2) Cambrian-Archean (500-750 Ma, 900-1250 Ma and 2500-2700 Ma)- confined to S Mountains Arc. Peaks in distribution of dates similar to E Gondwana basement ages and Permo-Triassicmodern sediments from W Australia, suggesting S Mountains volcanoes sampled deep crust of continental Gondwanan origin beneath E Java, different from Cretaceous accretionary basement of W and N Java) Handayani, L (2010)- Thermal structure of subducting slab along the Java Arc and its significance to the volcanoes distribution. ITB J. Sci. 42 A, 2, p. 127-134. (online at: http://journal.itb.ac.id/index.php?li=article_detail&id=459) (On thermal modeling of subducting plate below Java and tectonics of the overriding plate. Age of subducting lithosphere under Java increases from W to E, from about 90 Ma to 120 Ma. Volcanoes of W Java generally closer to trench (~240 km) than volcanoes of E Java (~290 km), possibly related to differences of thermal structure of subducting plate)


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Hanzawa, S. (1930)- Note on foraminifera found in the Lepidocyclina-limestone from Pabeasan, Java. Tohoku Univ. Sci. Rep. (2), 14, 1, p. 85-96. (Late Oligocene larger forams collected by Yabe in 1929 from Rajamandala limestone cliff at N foot of Pasir Pabeasan, W of Tagogapu, W Java: Lepidocyclina (N), Eulepidina, Heterostegina borneensis, Borelis pygmaea n.sp.. (This assemblage, with absence of Spiroclypeus and Miogypsinoides, suggestive of Te1/ Early Chattian; HvG)) Haposan, N., L. Ellis & R.M. Mitterer (2000)- Post-generative alteration effects on petroleum in the onshore Northwest Java Basin, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 31, 4, p. 295-315. Haposan, N., R.M. Mitterer & J.A. Morelos-Garcia (1997)- Differentiation of oils from the NW Java Basin into three oil types based on biomarker composition. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petrol. Systems SE Asia & Australasia: Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 667-679. Hardjadinata, K. & I. Saefudin (1994)- Studi batuan volkanik dan plutonik Tersier di daerah Pacitan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 4, 34, p. ('Study of Tertiary volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Pacitan area', S Mountains, SE Java) Harijoko, A, Y. Ohbuchi , Y. Motomura, A. Imai & K. Watanabe (2007)- Characteristics of the Cibaliung gold deposit: Miocene low-sulfidation-type epithermal gold deposit in Western Java, Indonesia. Resource Geol. 57, 2, p. 114-123. (M Miocene (11.2-10.6 Ma) epithermal gold mineralization in Cibaliung area, SW Java, hosted by M Miocene Honje Fm andesitic to basaltic andesitic lavas (11.4 Ma) and covered by Pliocene Cibaliung tuff (4.9 Ma)) Harijoko, A, R. Uruma, H.E. Wibowo, L.D. Setijadji, A. Imai & K. Watanabe (2010)- Long-term volcanic evolution surrounding Dieng geothermal area, Indonesia. In: Proc. World Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali, 6p. (Dieng Volcanic Complex in C Java on back side of Java Quaternary arc. Large collapse structure with 17 post intra-caldera eruptive centers. Oldest rocks erupted at ~ 3.6 Ma, youngest 0.07 Ma. Volcanic edifices grouped into 3 stages: pre-caldera (~3 Ma), post-caldera I (~2 to 1 Ma) and post-caldera II (< 1 Ma). Magmas cyclically evolved from basaltic to dacitic composition) Harley, M.M. & R.J. Morley (1995)- Ultrastructural studies of some fossil and extant palm pollen, and the reconstruction of the biogeographical history of subtribes Iguanurinae and Calaminae. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 85, p. 153-182. (On palm-like pollen types from Middle Eocene lignite at Watupuru River, Kalisonggo, Nanggulan, C Java) Harloff, C.E.A. (1929)- Over radiolarienhoudende gesteenten in het Praetertiair van Loh Oelo (Midden Java). De Mijningenieur 10, p. 240-242. (‘On radiolarian-bearing rocks in the Pre-Tertiary of Lok Ulo, Central Java’. Chert with radiolarians in deep water limestone) Harloff, C.E.A. (1929)- Voorloopige mededeeling over de geologie van het Praetertiair van Loh Oelo in Midden-Java. De Mijningenieur 10, 8, p. 172-177. (‘Preliminary note on the geology of the Pre-Tertiary of Luk Ulo in Central Java’. Likely presence of nappe structures) Harloff, C.E.A. (1929)- Loh Oelo. Fourth Pacific Sci. Congr., Java 1929, Excursion Guide C1, 18p. (One of earliest descriptions of classic Luk Ulo area with oldest rocks on Java: Cretaceous metamorphic basement, Paleo-Eocene accretionary-wedge like sediment, folded Eo-Oligocene sediments, etc.) Harloff, C.E.A. (1933)- Geologische Kaart van Java, Toelichting bij Blad 67 (Bandjarnegara), 1:100 000. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Bandung, 47 p. (‘Geological map of Java, 1:100,000; Banjarnegara sheet’. Map sheet covering South Serayu Mountains. With core of Pretertiary rocks of Luk Ulo complex, composed of crystalline schists, phyllites, serpentinite,


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greywackes, red radiolarites, and two small occurences of limestones with common mid-Cretaceous Orbitolina. Eocene sandstones with limestone lenses with Nummulites, Discocyclina, Pellatispira, etc., unconformable on crystalline schists, radiolarian chert , etc., with clasts of glaucophane schist and other metamorphics, granite, etc.. Thick Miocene tuffaceous marls with Miogypsina and andesites unconformable on Eocene) Harloff, C.E.A. & A.J. Pannekoek (1933)- De omgeving van den Boroboedoer. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., p. 13-23. (‘The surroundings of the Borobudur’. No evidence found for postulated presence of Quaternary lake around Borobudur temple complex) Harmony, B., L. Harvidya, S.L. Supardi, F. Alkatiri, P. Mesdag, R. Van Eykenhof et al. (2003)- Time-elapse simultaneous AVO inversion of the Widuri field, offshore southeast Sumatra. Proc 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-13. Harris, M. (2001)- East Java- the Kujung Formation revisited. SEAPEX Press 4, 6, p. 16-25. Harsolumakso, A.H. (1996)- Status olistostrome di daerah Luk Ulo, Jawa Tengah; suatu tinjauan stratigrafi, umur dan deformasi. Proc. Seminar Nasional Peran Sumberdaya Geologi Dalam PJP II, p. 101-121. ('Status of olistostrome in the Luk Ulo area: review of stratigraphy, age and deformation') Harsolumakso, A.H. & D. Noeradi (1996)- Deformasi pada Formasi Karangsambung di daerah Luk Ulo, Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Bul. Geologi 26, 1, p. 45-54. (Eocene Karangsambung Fm in C Java overlies Late Cretaceous-Paleocene melange complex. Scaly clay with limestone and conglomerate blocks not olistostrome, but highly folded and thrusted, probably in Oligocene- E Miocene. Folds trend ENE-WSW and indicate a SSE vergent thrust system) Harsolumakso, A.H., C. Prasetyadi, B. Sapiie & M.E. Suparka (2006)- The Luk Ulo-Karangsambung Complex of Central Java, Indonesia: from subduction to collision tectonics. Proc. Persidangan Bersama UKM-ITB, Langkawi, Malaysia, p. Harsolumakso, A.H., M.E. Suparka, Y. Zaim, N. Magetsari, R. Kapid, D. Noeradi & C.I. Abdullah (1995)Karakteristik satuan melange dan olistostrom di daerah Karangsambung, Jawa Tengah: suatu tinjauan ulang. In: Y. Kumoro et al. (eds.) Pros. Hasil Penelitian Puslitbang Geoteknologi LIPI, p. 190-215. Harsolumakso, A.H., M.E. Suparka, D. Noeradi, R. Kapid, N.A. Magetsari & C.I. Abdullah (1996)- Status olistostrom di daerah Luk Ulo, Jawa Tengah: suatu tinjauan stratigrafi, umur dan deformasi. Kumpulan Makalah Seminar Nasional, p. Harting, A. (1929)- Tagogapoe. A short geological description of the mountain Tagogapoe and Tjitaroem. Fourth Pacific Sci. Congr., Java 1929, Bandung, Excursion Guide C1, 14p. (‘Eocene’ quartz sandstones with Nummultes fichteli-intermedia (=Lower Oligocene) overlain by ‘Miocene’ Lepidocyclina limestone (= Late Oligocene) outcrops in Rajamandala area, W of Bandung) Hartmann, E. (1920)- Verslag over eene verkenning van de Sadjira antiklinaal en omgeving in Bantam. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 47 (1918), Verhand. I, p. 141-149. (‘Report on a reconnaisance of the Sajira anticline and surroundings, Banten’, W Java. Includes mention of some very thin coal beds in M Palembang layers, traces of oil in Lower Palembang layers and nearby gas seeps named Kaboel (96% CO2; Fennema 1891) and burning gas at Kedjaban) Hartmann, M.A. (1938)- Die Vulkangruppe im Sudwesten des Salak-Vulkans in West Java. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 98, p. 215-249. (‘The group of volcanoes SW of the Salak volcano in W Java’)


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Hartono & Suharsono (1997)- Geologic map of the Tuban quadrangle, Java. Sheet 1509-3, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Hartono, G. & S. Bronto (2007)- Asal-usul pembentukan Gunung Batur di daerah Wediombo, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 2, 3, p. 143-158. (online at http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20070303.pdf) (Southern Mountains Wediombo 'Old Andesite' lavas and breccias associated with Batur intrusive rock probably remnants of one paleovolcano) Hartono, H.G. & S. Bronto (2009)- Analisis stratigrafi awal kegiatan Gunung Api Gajahdangak di daerah Bulu, Sukoharjo; implikasinya terhadap stratigrafi batuan gunung api di Pegunungan Selatan, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 4, 3, p. 157-165. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20090301.pdf) ('Stratigraphic analysis of early activity of Gajahdangkak volcano in the Bulu area: implications for stratigraphy of volcanic rocks in the Southern Mountains, C Java'. Late oligocene- E Miocene volcanism in S Mountains generally starts with basaltic pillow lavas, followed by construction of composite volcanoes consisting of basaltic to andesitic lava flows, breccias and tuffs (' Mandalika Fm'), followed by destructive phase with high silica pumice-rich pyroclastic breccias and tuffs (Semilir Fm'). Illustrated by stratigraphy of Gajahdangak Volcano W of Wonogiri) Hartono, G., A. Sudrajat & I. Syafri (2008)- Gumuk gunung api purba bawah laut di Tawangsari- Jomboran, Sukoharjo- Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Geologi Indonesia 3, 1, p. 37-48. (Description of Oligo-Miocene “Old Andesite” basaltic volcanics, incl. submarine pillow lavas, in S Mountains, E of Bayat) Hartono, G. & I. Syafri (2007)- Peranan Merapi untuk mengidentifikasi fosil gunung api padi ‘Formasi Andesit Tua’: studi kasus di daerah Wonogiri. Geol. Indonesia 33, 2, GRDC Spec. Publ. p. 63-80. (Merapi modern volcano used as model to interpret Oligo-Miocene ‘Old Andesite’ volcanic centers and volcanic cycles in the Wonogiri area, Southern Mountains, C Java) Hartono, H.M.S. (1965)- The stratigraphic position of the Karren Limestone in the Tuban area, East Java. Bull. Geol. Surv. Indonesia 2, 1, p. 27-30. (Plio- Pleistocene Karren Lst present in Rembang-Madura zone, thickness 120m or more. Dips gently to N and unconformably overlies different Miocene formations, incl. Late Miocene? Mundu Fm Globigerina marls) Hartono, H.M.S. (1969)- Globigerina marls and their planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene of Nanggulan, Central Java. Contr. Cushman Found. For. Res. 20, 4, p. 152-159. Hartono, H.M.S. (1973)- Geologic map of the Tuban Quadrangle, Java, Quad. 12/XIII, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung. Hartono, T. (2001)- Formasi Kerek: fasies turbidit kipas bawah (lower fan) di daerah Dadapayam, SalatigaJawa Tengah. J. Teknol. Mineral (ITB) 8, 3, p. (Kerek Fm of C Java intermittent calcareous sandstone, claystone and thin marl layers (5-200 cm), deposited in deep marine lower fan turbiditic facies. Presence of Bulimina marginata, B. strata, Dentalina sp., Planulina sp. and Gyroidina soldanii suggest deposition in middle- lower bathyal zone. Age Middle -Upper Miocene (N14N16), based on presence of Globorotalia siakensis and Gr. acostaensis) Hartono, U. (1996)- Sr. Nd and O Isotope constraints on the petrogenesis of the island arc Wilis volcanics. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 233-249. Hartono, U. & A. Achdan (1993)- Possible sediment involvement in the Wilis magmatism: a preliminary study. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 3, 27, p. Hartono, U., Baharuddin & K. Brata (1992)- Geology of the Madiun Quadrangle, Java, 1508-2. Explanatory notes and map, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 22 p.


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Hartono, U., H. Panggabean et al. (eds.) (2009)- Prosiding Workshop geologi Pegunungan Selatan 2007. Geol. Survey Inst., Bandung, Spec. Publ. 38, 233p. (Collection of papers on geology of Southern Mountains, C and E Java, from 2007 Yogyakarta workshop) Hartono, U., I. Syafri & R. Ardiansyah (2008)- The origin of Cihara granodiorite from South Banten. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 3, p. 107-116. (online at http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20080205.pdf) (Late Oligocene Cihara Granodiorite N of Bayah, SW Java, originated from magma of continental origin in subduction zone environment. Two possibilities of parental magmas: basaltic/ or andesitic magma of Cikotok Fm or crustal melting magma from a subduction process) Haryanto, I. (2004)- Tektonik sesar Baribis-Cimandiri. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 60-66. (W Java E-W Baribis fault is Plio-Pleistocene thrust. SW-NE Cimandiri fault older, sinistral strike-slip fault) Haryono, E. & M. Day (2004)- Landform differentiation within the Gunung Kidul Kegelkarst, Java, Indonesia. J. Cave and Karst Studies 66, 2, p. 62-69. (Gunung Kidul/ Gunung Sewu three karst subtypes: labyrinth-cone, polygonal, and residual cone karst. Labyrinth-cone subtype in central Gunung Kidul karst where hard, thick limestones have undergone intensive deformation. Polygonal karst in western perimeter on hard but thinner limestone beds. Residual cone subtype occurs in weaker and more porous limestones (wackestones or chalks), despite considerable bed thickness) Hasibuan, F. (2004)- Biostratigrafi Kenozoikum moluska di Jawa, Indonesia. In: Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bandung, Spec. Publ. 30, p. 71-86. (Review of Eocene- Pliocene molluscs biostratigraphy of Java, with extensive reference list) Hasibuan, F. (2006)- Ostrea (Turkostrea) doidoiensis Hasibuan from the Bayah Formation, West Jawa: a new find. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 16, 1, p. 16-29. (Middle Eocene oyster species from Bayah Fm, Banten, SW Java. Species originally described from SW Sulawesi Malawa Fm and may also be present in Nanggulan Fm of C Java)) Hastuti, D.E.W., E. Suparka, S. Asikin & A.H. Harsolumakso (2003)- Miocene volcanism related to hydrothermal alteration in Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. In: B. Ratanasthien et al. (eds.) Pacific Neogene paleoenvironments and their evolution, 8th Int. Congr. on Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Chiang Mai, 2003, p. Hehuwat, F. & M.S. Siregar (2004)- Nanggulan-Bayat Eocene and Southern Mountains Miocene carbonate sedimentation models from the Yogyakarta area. LIPI Indonesian Inst. Sciences, 2 vols. (Fieldtrip guidebook Southern Mountains) Hehuwat, F., Suparka & Suwijanto (1974)- NE-SW lineaments on Java as observed from ERTS-1 images. Tectonophysics 23, p. 425 (Abstract only) (C and E Java NE-SW trending lineaments, few 10 km in length. Direction of lineaments corresponds to Meratus trend. Unpaired terraces, linear scars, morphological unconformities, different land-use patterns across lineament, and coastline configurations, strongly suggest fault-origin of these lineaments) Heidrick, T.L. & Gayatri I. Marliyani (2006)- Nanggulan tectonostratigraphy. (Unpublished) (Online at http://www.michel.web.ugm.ac.id/sedimentology/nanggulan%20by%20gayatri/…) Hendriyanto, N. & H. Amijaya (2008)- Organic geochemistry, petrography and mineralogy of WungkalGamping mudstone in Bayat Area, Klaten, Central Java. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 630-637. (Dark grey Eocene Wungkal-Gamping Fm mudstones E of Pendul Hill, Bayat, have 0.16-0.42 % TOC, showing no hydrocarbon source potential. Sporinite color orange to red or brown, equivalent of Ro of ~ 0.65- 1.1 %


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(peak mature- late mature). High maturity may be local due to proximity to Pendul igneous intrusion. Dark grey color of mudstone not caused by organic material but is mainly chlorite) Henk, B. (1992)- Tectono-stratigraphy of a Late Eocene rift system within the Kangean PSC Block-East Java Sea, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015. (Abstract only). (Late Eocene extension led to formation of E-W trending rift system in Kangean Block, with series of sediment filled, facing and non-facing half-grabens. Late Miocene structural inversion overprinted earlier extensional fabric. Asymetric half-graben axes sites for Ngimbang Clastics source and reservoir facies and deepwater Ngimbang Carbonate facies. High basement blocks on margins sites for thin clastic deposits and thick shallow water carbonate buildups. Ngimbang Shale blanketed entire carbonate system) Herklots, J.A. (1854)- Fossiles de Java. Description des restes fossiles d'animaux des terrains Tertiaires de l'ile de Java, receuillis des lieux par M. Fr. Junghuhn, docteur-es-sciences, publies par ordre de S.M. le Roi des Pays Bas. E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 1-24 + plates. (online at: http://www.archive.org/details/fossilesdejava00herk) ('Description of animal fossils from the Tertiary terrains of Java, collected by Dr F. Junghuhn, published by order of the King of the Netherlands'. Early description of Tertiary echinoid fossils from Java) Hetzel, W.H. (1935)- Geologische kaart van Java 1:100.000, Toelichting bij blad 54 (Madjenang). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, 53 p. Hirooka, K., Y.I. Otofuji, S. Sasajima, S. Nishimura, Y. Masuda et al. (1980)- An interim report of paleomagnetic study in Jawa Island. Physical Geology of the Indonesian Island Arcs, Kyoto Univ. Press, p. 6771. Hoffmann-Rothe, A., O. Ritter & V. Haak (2001)- Magnetotelluric and geomagnetic modelling reveals zones of very high electrical conductivity in the upper crust of Central Java. Physics Earth Planet. Int. 124, 3-4, p. 131151. Hol, J.B.L. (1918)- Danes’ verhandeling over den Goenoeng Sewoe. Tijdschr. Kon. Neder. Aardrijksk. Gen. 35, p. 414-421. (Review of Danes (1915) detailed report on cone karst of Southern Mountains, South Central Java) Honza, E. & B. Ganie (1987)- Formation of accretionary wedge in the eastern Sunda Trench. CCOP Techn. Bull. 19, p. 119-124. (Brief discussion of multichannel seismic profiles across accretionary prism and forearc basin of E Java- Bali) Honza, E., M. Joshima, A. Setiya Budhi & A. Nishimura (1987)- Sediments and rocks in the Sunda forearc. Comm. Co-Ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian offshore areas (CCOP), Techn. Bull. 19, p. 63-68. (Three piston cores up to 7.5m deep in forearc off C and E Java at water depths between 3212-442m all Late Quaternary clays with ash beds. No evidence of turbidites) Hooijer, D.A. (1956)- The lower boundary of the Pleistocene in Java and the age of Pithecanthropus. Quaternaria 3, p. 5-50. Hooijer, D.A. (1957)- The correlations of fossil mammalian faunas and the Plio-Pleistocene boundary in Java. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 60, p. 125-128. Hooze, J.A. (1882)- Onderzoekingen in het kolenterrein bij Soekaboemi. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndië (1982), Wetensch. Ged., p. 5-65. (Geological map and survey of Eo-Oligocene coal beds W and SW of Sukabumi) Horsfield, T. (1816)- Essays of the geography, mineralogy and botany of the western portion of the territory of the native princes of Java. Verhand. Bataviaasch Genootschap 8, 60, p. 175-312.


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(online at: http://bhl.ala.org.au/item/107941#page/1/mode/1up) (Probably the earliest, basic geological observations on Java, by American-born naturalist Horsfield. Reporting mainly volcanics ('basalts', lava, tuff), 'pudding stones' (=conglomerates/ breccias) and sandstones) Hotz, W. & L. Rutten (1915)- Ein Oel und Jod produzierendes Feld bei Soerabaja auf Java. Zeitschr. Prakt. Geol. 23, p. 162-167. ('An oil and iodine producing field near Surabaya on Java') Huffman, O.F. (1999)- Pleistocene environmental variety in eastern Java and early Homo erectus paleoecologya geological perspective. Buletin Geol. (ITB) 31, 2, p. 93-107 (Late Pliocene-Pleistocene paleogeography of E Java. Homo erectus homeland was volcanic archipelago) Huffman, O.F. (2001)- Plio-Pleistocene environmental variety in eastern Java and early Homo erectus paleoecology- a geological perspective. In: T. Simanjuntak et al. (eds.) Sangiran: man, culture, and environment in Pleistocene times, Proc. Int. Colloq. Sangiran Solo- Indonesia, 1998, Jakarta. Nat. Res. Centre Archaeology, p. 231-256. (Late Pliocene-Pleistocene paleogeography; similar to above) Huffman, O.F. & Y. Zaim (2003)- Mojokerto Delta, East Jawa: paleoenvironment of Homo modjokertensisfirst results. Jurnal Miner. Tekn. 10, 2 (ITB), p. (Perning site, SW of Surabaya. Plio-Pleistocene paleogeographic map) Hughes, T.M., J.A. Simo, A.S. Ruf & F. Whitaker (2008)- Forward sediment modeling of carbonate platform growth and demise, East Java basin: example North Mudura. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 10p. Huguenin, J.A. (1860)- Onderzoek naar mangaanerts, voorkomende te Tjikangkareng, regentschap Soekapoera, Residentie Preanger Regentschappen. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 22, 1860, p. 218(Evaluation of manganese ore deposit in the Ciberem River, near Kankareng, Sukapura regency, Priangan. Manganese veins in 'felsite-porphyry' and breccia, associated with clays containg Miocene molluscs. Deposits deemed too small to be commercially attractive) Huguenin, J.A. (1878)- Verslag naar het onderzoek van kolenafzettingen in de Preanger Regentschappen- 1. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1878, 2, p. 96-116. ('Report on the survey of coal deposits in the Priangan Regencies-1'. Early evaluation of Eo-Oligocene coal deposits near Sukabumi, W Java; deemed non-commercial) Huguenin, J.A. (1880)- Verslag naar het onderzoek van kolenafzettingen in de Preanger Regentschappen- 2. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1880, 1, p. 3-38. ('Report on the survey of coal deposits in the Priangan Regencies-2') Hughes-Clarke, M. (1976)- Carbonate build-ups on volcanic highs South of Java. Proc. Carbonate Seminar, Jakarta 1976, Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., Spec. vol., p. 120. (Abstract) (Mid-Oligocene volcanic arc S of Java. Axis of volcanic activity progressively shifted N in E-M Miocene, with carbonates on remnant volcanic highs. Carbonates drowned and capped by younger deepwater sediments) Husein, S., A. Mustofa, I. Sudarno & B. Toha (2008)- Tegalrejo thrust fault as an indication of compressive tectonics in Baturagung Range, Bayat, Central Java. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 258-268. (Baturagung Range of S Mountains SE of Yogya is SE-dipping cuesta with of 1600 m Oligocene- E Miocene volcanoclastic turbidites. NE-SW trending thrust fault in Tegalrejo River at break of slope of Baturagung escarpment, suggesting range formed under compressive tectonic regime, not block faulting or normal faulting) Hutapea, E., Nusatriyo & C.H. Wu (1988)- The K-39 reservoir characterization for simulation, Ardjuna basin, offshore, Northwest Java. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 99-117.


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Hutubessy, S. (1985)- Seismicity of Sunda Strait in West Java, 1900-1976. Bull. Int. Inst. Seismology and Earthquake Engineering 21, p. 47-59. Hutubessy, S. (2007)- Konfigurasi batuan alas cekungan hidrokarbon berdasarkan gaya berat dan magnet di daerah Randablatung, Cepu, dan sekitarnya Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 2, p. 27-61. (On basement configuration of E Java basin in Randublatung, Cepu, and surrounding areas, based on gravity, magnetics. Series of N-S and E-W profiles of interpreted gravity - magnetics) Hutubessy, S. (2008)- Pola cekungan dan struktur bawah permukaan detinjau dari hasil analisa gaya berat dan magnet di daerah Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah bagian selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 18, 4, p. 265-278. (Basin modeling from gravity-magnetic data of area around Banjarnegara, south C Java) Hutubessy, S., D.A. Nainggolan & Z. Hayat, (1995)- Pemutakhiran data gayaberat Lembar Madiun, Jawa Timur. J. Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral (J. Geology and Mineral Resources) 5, 40, p. 7-10. (Gravity anomaly data of the Madiun Quadrangle, eastern Java) Hyodo, M., W. Sunata & E.E. Susanto (1992)- A long-term geomagnetic excursion from Plio-Pleistocene sediments in Java. J. Geophys. Res. 97, B6, p. 9323-9335. (Paleomagetic records from Sangiran and Mojokerto suggest large-scale declination swing between Olduvai and Jamarillo events, lasting ~130,000 years) Hyodo, M., N. Watanabe, W. Sunata & E.E. Susanto (1993)- Magnetostratigraphy of hominid fossil bearing formations in Sangiran and Mojokerto, Java. Anthropological Sci. 101, 2, p.157-186. (Paleomagnetic study of Plio-Pleistocene formation at Sangiran and Mojokerto. Levels of hominid fossils in Sangiran range from lower Jamarilo event at 0.97 Ma to Brunhes-Matayama boundary at 0.73 Ma. Homo modjokertensis in Mojokerto lies at lower border of Jamarillo event at 0.97 Ma) Ibrahim, A.M.T. (1994)- Hubungan tektonik dan migrasi hidrokarbon di cekungan Jawa Barat Utara. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 968-980. ('Relation between tectonics and hydrocarbon migration in the NW Java basin') Ibrahim, A., A. Satyana, N. Pudyo & S. Saputra (2006)- Hydrocarbon discoveries in the frontier areas of Eastern Indonesia: lessons for future discoveries. 2006 AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Perth, 7p. (Extended abstract) Iddings, J. P. & E.W. Morley (1915)- Contributions to the petrography of Java and Celebes. J. Geol. 23, p. 231245. Ilahude, D. & M.S. Situmorang (1994)- Seismic reflection study on paleodrainage pattern of the Sunda River, off Southeast Kalimantan around Masalembo waters, Jawa Sea. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 4, 29, p. 2-10. (Study of Pleistocene paleochannels in area near Masalembo, when Java Sea was exposed land area. Three channel types (horizons), mostly flowing from N to S, probably extensions of SE Kalimantan drainage, and merging with W to E orientated channel ('South Sunda River') in S of study area) Imai, A., J. Shinomiya, M.T. Soe, L. D. Setijadji, K. Watanabe & I W. Warmada (2007)- Porphyry-type mineralization at Selogiri Area, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Resource Geol. 57, 2, p. 230-240. (Selogiri area in Wonogiri regency one of several gold prospecting areas in S Mountain Range in Java. Dioritic-andesitic rocks intruded into Eocene Wungkal Fm, with K/Ar ages of 21.7 Ma and 11.9 Ma. With probable porphyry type mineralization. Small-scale mining of N-S-trending quartz veins for gold associated with base metal sulfides)


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Indonesia-Japan Research Cooperation Programme (CTA-41) (1979)- Progress report of the Indonesia-Japan joint research project on geology of human fossil bearing formations in Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 1, p. 47-60. Indonesia-Japan Joint Research Team (1979)- Stratigraphy and geological structure in the Central Part of the Sangiran Dome. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 2 p. 55-61. (Brief description of Late Pliocene- Pleistocene stratigraphy exposed in Sangiran Dome, C Java. Structure is dome, with raduial and concentric faults. With four mud volcanoes with exotic blocks and some natural gas seepage. Described in more detail in Watanabe & Kadar, 1985) Indonesia-Japan Joint Study Team (1990)- Stratigraphical correlation of the Quaternary system in the Sangiran area and its surroundings, Central Java. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 21, p. 117-134. Indranadi, V.B., C. Prasetyadi & B. Toha (2010)- Pemodelan geologi sub-cekungan Yogyakarta. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-047, 12p. ('Geological model of the Yogyakarta sub-basin'. Modeled as NE-SW trending pull-apart basin) Indranadi, V.B., C. Prasetyadi & B. Toha (2011)- Yogyakarta pull-apart basin. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-081, 19p. (Yogyakarta depression is releasing bend of pull-apart basin, formed as response of sinistral transtensional strike-slip movement along NE-SW Opak-Muria Fault. Fault activity started and controlled basin configuration and facies in M Miocene- Pliocene. S Mountains Zone regional uplift as response of compressional tectonic regime since M Miocene. Peak of this event is in Pliocene (~5 Ma). Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006 shows Opak-Muria Fault still active to present-day) Iriska, D.M. N.C. Sharp, S. Kueh (2010)- The Mundu Formation: early production performance of an unconventional limestone reservoir, East Java Basin- Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-174, 17p. (Maleo and Oyong oil-gas fields in S Madura Basin producing from E-M Pliocene Globigerina foram-rich limestone reservoir of the upper Mundu and lower Paciran sequences (~3-6 Ma). Typical porosities 36- 55%, permeability 300-500 mD, but locally > 1 Darcy. Irkamni, A. Hendratno & U. Hartono (2007)- Petrologi batuan gunung api Kecamatan Tugu dan sekitarnya, Kabupaten Trenggalek, Jawa Timur. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 2, p. 207-218. (E Java Southern Mountains Oligo-Miocene Mandalika Fm basalts, andesites and dacites from Tugu district are subduction related magmas) Isjudarto, A., T. Darijanto & B. Sulistyo (1999)- Mineralization characteristics in Cikidang-Cirotan-Cikotok trend, Bayah, West Java. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 173-180. Isnaniawardhani, V. (1997)- Biostratigrafi nannoplankton Formasi Batuasih serta korelasinya dengan biostratigrafi foraminifera plankton. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 326-341. (Nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera of Batuasih Fm near Cibadak, W Java, suggest Late Oligocene (Gr opima and Sphenolithus distentus- S. ciperoensis zone) to earliest Miocene? (Catapsydrax dissimilis and D. druggi- Triq. carinatus zone) age (underlies latest Oligocene Rajamandala Limestone; HvG) Isnawan, D. & I.W. Sumarinda (1996)- Pengaruh proses diagenesis terhadap perkembanganan porositas batupasir; studi kasus batupasir Formasi Wungkal, Bayat, Jateng. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 160 - 168. (On diagenetic processes and sandstone porosity, a special study of (Eocene) Wungkal sst, C Java)


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Istadi, B.P., A. Kadar & N. Sawolo (2008)- Analysis and recent study results on East Java mud volcano. In: Subsurface sediment remobilization and fluid flow in sedimentary basins Conf., London 2008, Geol. Society, London, 1 p. (Abstract only) (Solids in LUSI mud eruption are marine U Kalibeng Fm blue-grey clay, which is Pleistocene in age, based on mud samples and from Banjarpanji-1 well from between 4000'- 6000' (yield Globorotalia truncatulinoides and nanno fossil index Geohyrocapsa. Source of fluids deeper. Underground blowout in Banjarpanji-1 well not believed to be trigger for LUSI mudflow disaster) Istadi, B.P., G.H. Pramono, P. Sumintadireja & S. Alam (2009)- Modeling study of growth and potential geohazard for LUSI mud volcano, East Java, Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 26, 9, p. 1724-1739. (LUSI mud eruption prediction of future mudflow. Model predicts June 2010 peak of mud volcano at 26 m above original ground level, and maximum subsidence 63 m below original ground level) Isworo, H, U.A. Saefulah & T. Prasetyo (1999)- Depositional model of the MB Field Mid-Main carbonate reservoir Offshore Northwest Java, Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-7. (MB field MMC build-up, EUR ~34 MBO, is N-S elongated patch reef complex, formed during several build-up development stages. Several transgressive-regressive cycles in overal transgressive succession. Karst breccia facies also recognized. Result of study is retrograding carbonate build-up model) Itihara, M., Sudijono, D. Kadar, T. Shibasaki, H. Kumai, S. Yoshikawa, F. Aziz et al. (1985)- Geology and stratigraphy of the Sangiran area. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil bearing formations in Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 11-43. Itihara, M., Sudijono, Wikarno & D. Kadar (1985)- Mud volcanoes in the Sangiran Dome. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil bearing formations in Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 117-124. Jauhari, U. & B. Toha (2005)- High resolution sequence stratigraphy and diagenesis in carbonate rocks, Wonosari Formation, Yogyakarta: an outcrop analog for modeling chalky limestone distribution. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 297-315. (M Miocene Wonosari Fm reefal carbonates in S Mountains show four periods of relative sea level fall, which exposed carbonate platform and resulted in alteration of hard limestone to porous and friable chalky limestone) Jaya, I., B.N. Airlangga, Kosasih, Taufiqurahman & F. Chaerudin (2003)- Is the fluvial system in the Walat Formation (Eocene) os Southwest Java attributed to changes in accommodation? Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. IAGI and 28th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Jakarta, 9p. (Eocene Walat Fm clastics near Sukabumi, W Java subdivided into upper anastomosed and lower sandy braided fluvial systems. No figures) Jeffrey, B.M. & D. Lehrmann (2008)- Facies characterization and mechanism of termination of a Tertiary carbonate platform; Rajamandala Formation, West Java. Geol. Soc. America, North-Central Section, 42nd Ann. Mtg., Abstracts with Programs Geol. Soc. America, 40, 5, p. 76. (Abstract only) (Oligocene Rajamandala Fm of SW Java exposed along N-verging thrust. Located N of Oligocene volcanic arc, facing deep-marine back-arc basin to N. Presence of sandstone layers at base and presence of quartz sand in reef and lagoon facies suggest it formed as shelf attached to southerly arc. Top Rajamandala changes to dark brown argillaceous foram packstone followed upward by siliciclastic turbidites of Citarum Fm) Jenkins, H.M. (1864)- On some Tertiary Mollusca from Mount Sela, in the island of Java. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. 20, p. 45-73. (Early paper on Tertiary gastropods from Gunung Sela, S of Ciremai volcano, Kunigan District, Cirebon) Jhonny, B. Priadi & R. Mulyana (2006)- Continental characters on volcanism of Lamongan volcano, East Java. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, p.


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Jihan A., L. Donny Setijadji & I. Supriatman S. (2010)- Evolusi magmatik Kenozoik daerah BanyuwangiLumajang, Propinsi Jawa Timur. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010024, 20p. ('Cenozoic magmatic evolution of the Banyuwangi- Lumajang area, East Java') Johannes, M.P.K. (1999)- Sequence stratigraphic studies in Kawengan oil field, Northeast Java Basin. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 3, p. 139-150. Johansen, K.B. (2003)- Depositional geometries and hydrocarbon potential within Kujung carbonates along the North Madura Platform, as revealed by 3D and 2D seismic data. Proc. Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2003, 1, p. 137-162. (Numerous prospects along N Madura Platform in Kujung I and II/III carbonates. Structures in Kujung II/III large, low relief inversion anticlines, similar to Bukit Tua and Jenggolo fields. Kujung II/III carbonates different facies in stable carbonate platform area. Central part of N Madura Platform Kujung I buildups up to 150-250 m high tens of km2 in size, separated by lagoonal facies. Kujung I and II/III carbonates extensively karsted; probably several phases of exposure. Kujung I play combined stratigraphic/ structural. Build-ups encased in mostly non-permeable sequences, but 'thief-beds' potential risk. Source rock in up to 6 km deep kitchen in SE, with 3-4 km potentially mature source rocks, mixed lacustrine, deltaic and marginal marine sediments (Ngimbang- Kujung Fms). Most traps 10-50 km from mature source, so carrier beds in Ngimbang or Kujung Fm critical. Long distance migration main risk, but proven by discoveries along N Madura Platform) Johansen, K.B. (2005)- New insight into the petroleum system in the East Java- South Makassar Area. Proc. SEAPEX Conf. 2005, 17 p. (Back-arc extension in Paleocene-Eocene formed basins around SE part Eurasian Plate. Three trends (1) S Makassar-Central Deep area, main faults NE-SW; (2) Sakala-Lombok Ridge, faults mainly E-W; (3) offshore SW Sulawesi overall NW-SE fault trends. Important inversion phase, particularly along Madura/Kangean wrench zone, initiated in E Miocene. Older extensional faults reactivated and some Eocene basins inverted. S Makassar Basin little affected by inversion. Inversion several phases through M/U Miocene- Present. Large number of leads: Ngimbang carbonate and clastic plays over Lombok Sub Basin; Eocene clastics and potential Late Oligocene carbonate plays in S Makassar, etc. Viable source rock main challenge in area.) Johnstone, E.M., J.G. McPherson, C.W. Rodda, J. Stevens, A. Widarmayana, A. Pierce & O.P. Gross (2006)- A revised sequence stratigraphic and depositional interpretation for the Miocene clastic interval in the Cepu region, East Java Basin. Proc. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Int. Geosc. Conf., Jakarta 2006, 4 p. (Suggest deltaic depositional environment of M Miocene clastics based on seismic facies character. But biostratigraphy in wells like Bojonegoro 1 suggest deep marine environments) Jonker, H. (1872)- Verslag van een onderzoek naar het voorkomen van kolen bij Bodjong Manik, Res. Bantam. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1872, 2, p. 153-171. ('Report on a survey of coal deposits near Bojongmanik, Res. Bantam'. Non-commercial Neogene coal in W Java) Jordan, C.F. (1998)- The sedimentology of Kepulauan Seribu: a modern path reef complex in the West Java Sea, Indonesia. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, Field Guide, 81 p. Jordan, C.F. (1998)- Kepulauan Seribu, West Java, Indonesia: a modern reef analog for Miocene oil and gas fields in South East Asia. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 71-83. Jordan, C. et al. (1999)- Probing the third dimension of the reef complex at Kepulauan Seribu. Berita Sedim. (Indon. Geol. Forum) 10, p. Joshima, M., E. Honza & B. Ganie (1987)- Heatflow measurements in the Sunda Arc. Comm. Co-Ord. Joint Prosp. Mineral Res. Asian offshore areas (CCOP), Techn. Bull. 19, p. 51-54.


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(Heatflow measured in three piston cores in forearc S of E Java are 10.3 and 23.6 mW/m for forearc and 41.1 mW/m on edge of Roo Rise) Joshima, M., Y. Okuda, T. Yokokura, K. Kisimoto, K. Tamaki & A. Supangat (1987)- Geomagnetic anomaly measurements in the Sunda Arc. Comm. Co-Ord. Joint Prosp. Mineral Res. Asian offshore areas (CCOP), Techn. Bull. 19, p. 29-32. (Brief description of magnetic anomaly profiles in forearc S of Java show two strong anomalies, one parallel to forearc ridge, one as part of lineatin anomaly of Indian Ocean) Junghuhn, F.W. (1845)- Topographische und naturwissenschaftliche Reisen durch Java. Deutsche Akademie Naturforscher, Baensch, Magdeburg, p. 1-518. ('Topographic and natural science trips through Java'. Mainly travel journals) Junghuhn, F.W. (1850)- Java, deszelfs gedaante, bekleeding en inwendige structuur. Van Kampen, Amsterdam, vol. 1 (1850) General, 671p.; Vol. 2 (1853) Volcanoes, 506 p.; Vol. 3 (1853)- 'The Neptunean mountains', fossils, coal, limestones, etc., 494 p.; Vol.4, Atlas. (Online at Google books) ('Java, its appearance, cover and internal structure'. First edition of classic, first systematic description of natural history of Java by German naturalist Junghuhn, including topography, geology, volcanoes and flora) Junghuhn, F.W. (1853-1854)- Java, zijne gedaante, zijne plantentooi, en inwendige bouw. 2nd. ed., C.W. Mieling, 's-Gravenhage , 4 text-vols. + Atlas. (‘Java, its topography, its plant cover and internal structure’. Second edition of Junghuhn 1950, above) Junghuhn, F.W. (1857)- Java, seine Gestalt, Pflanzendecke und innere Bauart. Arnoldische Buchhandlung, Leipzig, 2nd ed., p. 1-964. (online at: http://openlibrary.org/works/OL187158W/Java_seine_gestalt_pflanzendecke_und_innere_bauart) (German translation of second edition of Dutch original above) Juniarti, A. (2007)- Facies and depositional analysis of sandstone “X” in Gita Member Talang Akar Formation at Alpha Field, ASRI basin. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 397-404. Kadar, A.P. (1981)- Early Miocene calcareous nannoplankton from the Sentolo drill hole, Central Java. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Pal. Ser. 1, p. 53-62. (Two late Early Miocene nannofossil zones in 103m deep BR-2 hole in Sentolo Fm marls, C Java) Kadar, A.P. (1990)- Biostratigrafi nanofosil akhir Oligosen Awal-Oligosen Akhir dan lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Batuasih, Cekungan Bogor, Jawa Barat. Geologi Indonesia, p. 17-29. (Oligocene nannofossil biostratigraphy of Batuasih Fm, Bogor Basin, W Java) Kadar, A.P. (1991)- Biostratigrafi nanofosil Miosen Bawah- Miosen Tengah Formasi Sambipitu, serta kolerasinya dengan biostratigrafi foramnifera plangton. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1990, 1, p. 201-215. (On E Miocene- early M Miocene nannofossils of Sambipitu Fm stratotype of Batur Agung escarpment, Southern Mountains, SE of Yogyakarta) Kadar, A.P. (1994)- A review of the Sangiran (Central Java) Plio-Pleistocene environment from marine and non-marine floras and faunas. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 29th Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Hanoi 1992, 2, p. 51-60. (Discussion of paleoenvironments and fossils of Late Pliocene- Pleistocene formations of Sangiran Dome) Kadar, A.P. (1991)- On the age of the Rajamandala and Batuasih Formations, Central West Java, Indonesia. In: P. Ounchanum & B. Ratansthien (eds.) Proc. Conf. IGCP 246- Pacific Neogene Events in Southeast Asia, Chiangmai 1990, p.


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(Apparent diachronous ages of Batuasih marl- Rajamandala Limestone succession: older in East. Nannofossils from Batuasih Fm in Sukabumi area CP18, CP19a, CP19b, overlain by Rajamandala Lst with Upper Te zone larger forams. At E end of Rajamandala ridge (Padalarang) Batuasih Fm nannos zone CP18, planktonic foram zone N1, overlain by Rajamandala Lst with Lower and Upper Te zone larger forams) Kadar, A.P., D. Kadar & F. Aziz (2008)- Pleistocene stratigraphy of Banjarpanji 1 well and the surrounding area. Proc. Int. Geological workshop on Sidoarjo mud volcano, Jakarta, February 2007, 3p. (Sidoarjo mud volcano main eruption point 200m SW Banjarpanji 1 well. Mud samples contain planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils of Pleistocene age) Kadar, D. (1973)- Notes on the age of the limestones in the southern peninsula, Bali Island. Direkt. Geol. Indonesia, Publ. Teknik, Seri Paleont., p. 13-15. (Samples from 500-600m thick, S-dipping limestones of southern peninsula of Bali, with Lepidocyclina, Cycloclypeus and some planktonic foraminiferea including Orbulina. Most likely age Middle-Late Miocene) Kadar, D. (1975)- Planktonic foraminifera from the lower part of the Sentolo Formation, Central Java, Indonesia. J. Foram. Res. 5, p. 1-20. (Online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/5/1/1.full.pdf) (One of first studies of planktonic foraminifera in Java. 46 E-M Miocene species identified in Sentolo Fm, Nanggulan area, W of Yogya. One new: Hastigerina klampisensis) Kadar, D. (1978)- Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene planktonic foraminiferal zonation of Ambengan drill hole, southern part of Bali Island. In: Biostratigraphic datum-planes of the Pacific Neogene IGCP Project 114, 1977. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 137-158. Kadar, D. (1981)- Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Miocene-Pliocene Sentolo Formation, Central Java, Indonesia. In: T. Saito (ed.) Micropaleontology, petrology and lithostratigraphy of Cenozoic rocks of the Yogyakarta region, Central Java. Spec. Publ. Dept. Earth Sci., Yamagata University, Japan, p. 35-47. (13 Early Miocene- Pliocene foram zones in Sentolo Fm, overlying 'Old Andesites', W of Yogyakarta) Kadar, D. (1985)- Upper Cenozoic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Kalibeng and Pucangan formations in the Sangiran Dome area, Central Java. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil bearing formations in Java, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 219-241. (Four shallow marine benthic foram zones recognized in Late Pliocene Kalibeng Fm, two brackish lagoonal zones in Pleistocene Pucangan Fm) Kadar, D. (1985)- Foraminifera of the Kalibeng Formation in the Sambungmacan area. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil bearing formations in Java, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 243-251. (Lower Kalibeng marls with Early Pliocene fauna. Upper Kalibeng interbedded limestonesandstone Late Pliocene zones N20-N21, with common reworked planktonic foraminifera. Pleistocene Pucangan Fm barren) Kadar, D. (1986)- Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the South Central Java area, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 5, 83p. (Documentation of Miocene- Pliocene foram biostratigraphy of outcrop sections of Java Southern Mountains and Banyumas- Kebumen areas) Kadar, D. (1992)- Rotaliid foraminifera from the Rembang zone area, North Central Java, Indonesia. In: K. Ishizaki & T. Saito (eds.) Centenary of Japanese micropaleontology, Terra Scient. Publ., Tokyo, p. 245-256. (Descriptions and ranges of Ammonia, Pseudorotalia, Asterorotalia in Miocene of NE Java, confirming the rotalid biozonation established inE Kalimantan can also be applied in NE Java) Kadar, D., D.A. Subandriyo, F. Aziz, Suminto, Baharuddin & S. Musliki (1992)- Excursion Guide Book, Package A: Rembang and Kendeng Zones. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p.


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Kadar, D. & Sudijono (1994)- Geological map of the Rembang Quadrangle, Java, 1:100,000, Quad. 1509-14. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 25p. (Oldest formation outcropping on Rembang Quad is marine E Miocene Tawun Fm. Grades upward ino late EM Miocene (N8-N12) Ngrayong Fm quartz sst, overlain by Bulu Fm platy limestone (N13) and further MioPliocene marine sediments) Kadarusman, A., H.J. Massonne, H. van Roermund, H. Permana & Munasri (2007)- P-T evolution of eclogites and blueschists from the Luk Ulo Complex of Central Java, Indonesia. Int. Geol. Rev. 49, 4, p. 329-356. (C Java Lok Ulo Cretaceous accretionary-collision complex with tectonic slabs of dismembered ophiolites, sedimentary rocks, schists and gneisses in black-shale matrix. High-Pressure eclogite and blueschist in thin zone between low-grade schists and serpentinite zone. Eclogites subducted to ~70 km depth at geothermal gradient of ~6 C°/km. Different P-T paths explained by metamorphism in subduction channel. Low geothermal gradient probably due to high rate of subduction of cold oceanic plate) Kadarusman, A., H. Permana, H.J. Massonne, H. van Roermund, Munasri & B. Priadi (2010)- Contrasting protoliths of Cretaceous metamorphic rocks from the Luk Ulo accretionary wedge complex of Central Java, Indonesia. Proc. 39th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-121, 9p. (Metamorphic rocks in C Java Luk-Ulo Early Cretaceous accretionary complex two types of protoliths, with different P-T evolution: (1) `oceanic plate protolith' metabasites- metapelites, associated with serpentinite, chert, red limestone, some undergone high P metamorphism (blueschist, eclogite), and (2) `continental crustal protolith' metapelites, calc-silicate rocks and metagranites (gneiss, quartzite, marble). Metamorphics not simple result of subduction metamorphism along Indo-Australian oceanic plate (Sundaland craton margin), but early involvement of continental crust during collisional event in Karangsambung area) Kalan, T., P. Lunt & D. Schiller (1996)- IPA field trip to Eastern Java, October 1996. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. (online at www.nummulites.net) Kalan, T., H.P. Sitorus & M. Eman (1994)- Jatibarang Field, geologic study of volcanic reservoir for horizontal well proposal. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 229-244. (Jatibarang oil field in volcanics of Eocene- E Oligocene age. Volcanics >1124m thick. N-S trending faults) Kaldi, J.G. & C.D. Atkinson (1993)- Seal potential of the Talang Akar Formation, BZZ area, offshore NW Java, Indonesia. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 373-393. (Seal potential comprises 1) seal capacity, 2) seal geometry and 3) seal integrity. In BZZ area best seal delta front shales: high seal capacity, thick, laterally continuous and very ductile. Potential is moderate in upper TAF transgressive carbonates: high seal capacity and continuous, but brittle and prone to fracturing. Delta plain shales and pro-delta shales poor seals due to limited seal capacity (delta plain) or too thin (pro-delta shales)) Kaldi, J.G. & C.D. Atkinson (1997)- Evaluating seal potential: example from the Talang Akar Formation, Offshore Northwest Java, Indonesia. In: R.C. Surdam (ed.) Seals, traps and the petroleum system, AAPG Mem. 67, p. 85-101. Kaldi, J.G., D.S. MacGregor & G.P. O'Donnell (1997)- Seal capacity in dynamic petroleum systems: example from Pagerungan gas field, East Java Sea, Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds), Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum System of South East Asia and Australasia, Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 829-836. (Seal capacity measurements suggest Ngimbang Shale top seal over Pagerungan Field, E Java Sea, supports maximum gas column of 213 m, but actual gas column is 328 m) Kaldi, J.G., G.W. O’Brien & T. Kivior (1999)- Seal capacity and hydrocarbon accumulation history in dynamic petroleum systems: the East Java Basin, Indonesia and the Timor Sea region, Australia. APPEA J. 1999, p. 7386. (Seals in E Java Basin dynamic rather than absolute barriers to fluid flow. Data from largest gas field, Pagerungan, suggest a dynamically filling and leaking capillary trap, which may have been volumetrically larger in past. Timor Sea Neogene tectonism caused extensional faulting and basin formation. Faulting caused


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breaching of traps, whereas subsidence in new depocentres was drive for renewed hydrocarbon expulsion and migration, principally gas. In traps with high seal capacities, this charge of gas flushed preexisting oil accumulations. In other cases, breached traps refilled with gas over periods as short as perhaps 2-3 My) Kamtono, K.L. Gaol & Praptisih (1996)- Konfigurasi batuan-dasar daerah Karangsambung dengan pendekatan studi penampang gayaberat. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 3, p. 301-311. ('Configuration of basement rocks in the Karangsambung area constrained by gravity profiles') Kamtono, Praptisih & M.S. Siregar (2005)- Studi potensi batuan induk pada sub cekungan Banyumas dan Serayu Utara. RISET- Geologi dan Pertambangan 16, 1, p. 1-12. ('Study of source rock potential in the Banyumas and North Serayu sub-basins'. Analyses of 9 samples of finegrained rocks in Banjarnegara- Karangsambung area show generally low TOC's (0.08- 1,42%). Two samples from Eocene- Early Miocene may have hydrocarbon source potential) Kapid, R. (1991)- Le Mio-Pliocene marin du NE de Java, Indonesia: biostratigraphie qualitative et quantitative des foraminiferes et du nannoplancton. These Doct. Univ. De Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, p. 1-163. ('The marine Mio-Pliocene of NE Java, Indonesia: qualitative and quantitative biostratigraphy of the foraminifera and nannoplankton') Kapid, R. & S.U. Choiriah (2000)- Batas umur Pliosen/Plistosen berdasarkan analisis nanofosil pada lintasan sungai Bengawan Solo daerah Ngawi Jawa Timur. Jurnal Tekn. Mineral 7, 1, p. 29- 42. (Quantitative analysis of calcareous nannofossils from Solo River, Ngawi. Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary defined based on top Discoaster s.l. and first appearance of Gephyrocapsa s.l. Same boundary as Van Gorsel and Troelstra (1981) based on appearance of Gr. truncatulinoides. Comparison between this study and palynology analysis indicates same climatic changes at Plio-Pleistocene boundary. Also shoreline displacement of Java Sea toward E since Late Pliocene) Kapid, R. & A.H. Harsolumakso (1996)- Studi nannoplankton pada Formasi Karangsambung dan Totogan di daerah Luk Ulo, Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Bul. Geol. 26, 1, p. 13-43. (Nannoplankton from Karangsambung Fm scaly clays Middle-Late Eocene (NP16-NP21), suggesting compressional deformation in C Java continued into this time. Overlying Totogan Fm clay breccia with various blocks with Late Eocene (NP 18-20) to Oligocene- earliest Miocene (NP23-NN2) nannofossils) Kapid, R. & G.A.Permana (20030- Calcareous nannofossils and foraminifera as indices of paleoenvironment (case Study on Waturanda, Penosogan and Halang Formations in South-Central Java, Indonesia). In: Proc. 8th Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene stratigraphy, Chiang Mai 1993, p. . Kapid, R. & S.E. Suprijanto (1996)- Batas Miosen-Pliosen berdasarkan nannoplankton pada Formasi Ledok dan Mundu di daerah Bukit Kapuan, Jawa Timur. Bul. Geol. 26, 1, p. 55-64. (Late Miocene- Early Pliocene in Kali Cilik section, 12 km N of Bojonegoro, E Java. Ledok Fm roughly NN11lower NN12/ D. quinqueramus zone, Late Miocene, 5-7 Ma. Underlying Wonocolo Fm is NN10/ Late Miocene, overlying Mundu Fm is upper NN12-NN14/ Early Pliocene) Kariyoso, G., R. Effendi & Soegianto (1977)- Seismic survey in the North East Java Basin. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 13-41. Kariyoso, G. & D.J. Purwoko (1979)- A contribution to the study of hydrocarbon reservoirs using seismic data in West Java, Indonesia. Proc. 8th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 351-380. Kartanegara, L., H. Uneputty & S. Asikin (1987)- Tatanan stratigrafi dan posisi tektonik cekungan Jawa Tengah Utara selama Jaman Tersier. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. Kase, T. Y. Kurihara, H. Hayashi, H. Pandita & Y.M. Aguilar (2008)- Age refinement of the Sonde molluscan fauna, East Java, Indonesia. Mem. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo,45, p. 127-138.


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(Klitik Mb of U Kalibeng Fm along Solo River in Sonde area, E Java, Indonesia contains diverse shallow marine molluscs that are standard of Neogene mollusc sequences in Indonesia, vaguely dated as Late Pliocene. Planktonic foraminifera in Klitik Mb along Solo River at Bangun, 2 km W of Sonde, suggest age between 3.95 Ma- 3.58 Ma, ~mid Pliocene (NB: unusual mix of shallow marine molluscs and siltstones with abundant deeper planktonic forams; forams possibly reworked from older Kalibeng Fm and Klitik Beds younger than concluded here?; HvG)) Kastowo (1975)- Geologic map of the Majenang Quadrangle, Java, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung. (see also Kastowo & Suwarna 1996; 2nd. ed.) (C Java quadrangle mostly folded Miocene- Pliocene sediments; Pliocene or younger thrusting to N) Katili, J.A. (1973)- Geochronology of West Indonesia and its implication on plate tectonics. Tectonophysics 19, 3, p. 195-212. Katili, J.A. & P. Koesoemadinata (1962)- Structural pattern of South Banten and its relation to the ore-bearing veins. Contr. Dept. Geology Inst. Technol. Bandung 52, p. 3-28. Keetley, J.T. (1997)- The structure and geology of the Honje, Bayah and adjacent offshore areas, West Java, Indonesia. Honours Thesis, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 116 p. Keetley, J.T., G.T. Cooper, K.C. Hill, Y. Kusumabrata, P.B. O Sullivan & L. Saefudin (1997)- The structural development of the Honje High, Bayah High and adjacent offshore areas, West Java, Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 655-665. (W-most Java and Sunda Strait N-S trending half-grabens, with extension phases in Eo-Oligocene, M-L Miocene and Pliocene) Keijzer, F.G. (1940)- A contribution to the geology of Bawean. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 43, 5, p. 619-629. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017446.pdf) (Bawean island, Java sea, petrographic descriptions of rocks collected by Schmutzer in 1912: volcanic rocks (leucite-bearing; rel. young ?), E-M Miocene/Tf1-2 limestones with Miogypsina and quartz-sandstones. Some uncertainty whether the Bawean volcanics pre-date or postdate Miocene limestones) Keil, K.F.G. (1932)- Verslag over het voorkomen van olieschalie met theraputisch werkzame bestanddelen (ichthyolt) in het Karangbolong Genergte, Res. Banjoemas,(Kedu). Indonesia Geol. Survey Bandung, Open File Report E35-31, p. 1-10. ('Report on the occurrence of oil shale with therapeutic components (ichthyolt) in the Karangbolong Mountains, Banyumas Residency'. Several localities of (Middle?) Miocene, 'lagoonal' fine tuffaceous rocks impregnated with bitumen, between andesite breccias. Previously exploited by Chinese for medicinal purposes) Kemmerling, G.L.L. (1915)- De geologie en geomorphologie van Cheribon. Verslagen Geol. Sectie Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederland Kol., 2, p. 94-100. Kemmerling, G.L.L. (1921)- De geologie en geomorphologie van den Idjen. Kon. Natuurkundige Vereniging, Kolff, Batavia, 162 p. (Geology and geomorphology of Idjen Highlands and volcano, East Java) Kenyon, C.S. (1977)- Distribution and morphology of Early Miocene reefs, East Java Sea. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 215-238. (Classic paper on E Java Sea, N of Madura Island. Widespread, thick E Miocene limestone and shale sequence (Kujung Unit I), with reefs as exploration targets. Main E Miocene physiographic elements (a) deep water, E-W trending open marine clastic basin in S (E Java-Madura Basin), (b) extensive, E-W positive area of shallow water carbonate deposition to N (E Java-Madura Shelf), with high energy bank along S margin, (c) Central


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Depression with open marine, fine clastics- limestones with bioherms (Poleng Field); (d) NE-SW trending JS-I Ridge NW of C Depression, with shoal water carbonates. E Bawean Trough to W of JS-1 Ridge. Kujung Unit I depositional trends influenced by pre-E Miocene NE-SW structural grain along Asian continental margin) Kertapati, E.K. (1989)- Seismotectonics of Java island and adjacent regions. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Regional Conf. Geology, Mineral and Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta, 1987, IAGI, p. 259-269. (Earthquakes 1963-1983 show seismic zone dipping to N at 40°- 70°) Ketner, K.B., Kastowo, Modjo, Subroto, C.W. Naeser et al. (1976)- Pre-Eocene rocks of Java, Indonesia. US Geol. Survey J. Res. 4, 5, p. 605-614. (Pre-Eocene of Lokulo, C Java, composed of sedimentary rocks, partly of Early Cretaceous age (with AptianAlbian Orbitolina), overthrust by chaotic melange. Sediments could be unusually large blocks within mélange. Both formations unconformably overlain by Eocene conglomerates. Pre-Eocene of Jiwo Hills mainly unfossiliferous metamorphics. Ciletuh area Letu River with peridotite/ gabbro) Kisimoto, K., Y. Okuda, T. Yokokura et al. (1987)- Seismic reflection of the Sunda Trench in Eastern Java. CCOP Techn. Bull. 19, p. 25-28. Klein, W.C. (1922)- Beschrijving van twee kalkgrotten bij Bodjonegoro (eiland Java). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 5, 5, p. 305-322. (‘Description of two limestone caves near Bojonegoro, Java’. Two large caves in coral-orbitoid limestone of Verbeek m3 zone in NE Java, 23 km apart. Nglirip multiple cave entrances in teak forest 2.5 km from Nglirip village. Rengel, also called Gua Ngerong is just N of Bojonegoro-Tuban road and is source of subterranean river. River may be fed by water from sawahs of Grabagan, 7.5 km NW of Rengel cave, or from possible absorbtion point 400m E of Manjung, 19 km to WNW of Rengel) Klein, W.C. (1925)- Het Tertiairprofiel van het Tjikao dal in het landschap Krawang (W. Java). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek Volume), p. 305-310. ('The Tertiary section of the Tji Kao valley in the Krawang area, W Java'. BPM survey of thick (>3800m) exposed Tertiary sand-shale section in Ci Kao valley, NW of Bandung. Relatively constant dip of ~40° to S. Sands contain no quartz, all andesite debris. No details on age, faunas) Koch, R.E. (1923)- Die jungtertiaren Foraminiferenfauna von Kabu (Res. Surabaja, Java). Eclogae Geol. Helv. 18, 2, p. 342-361. ('The Young Tertiary foraminifera fauna from Kabu (Surabaya residency, Java)') Koesmono, M. (1976)- Geologic map of the Sindangbarang and Bandarwaru quadrangles, Java. Quads. 9/XIVB and 9-XIV-E, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung. (SW coastal area) Koesoemadinata, R.P. & D. Hartono (1981)- Stratigrafi dan sedimentasi daerah Bandung, Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. 318-336. ('Stratigraphy and sedimentation of the Bandung area') Koesoemadinata, R.P, A.H.P. Kesumajana & O. Sadjati (2000)- The utilization of paleo-heatflow to define a source rock maturity: case Study at Ngimbang-01, North East Java Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conference & Exhibition, Bali, 1p. (Abstract only) (In Ngimbang-01 well, NE Java, (Eocene) source rock would have matured 34 My ago using heatflow history approaching reality, whereas by using constant heatflow through time, maturity started at 16 Ma) Koesoemadinata, R.P. & A. Pulunggono (1975)- Geology of the southern Sunda shelf in reference to the tectonic framework of the Tertiary sedimentary basins of western Indonesia: J. Assoc. Indon. Geol. (IAGI) 2, 2, p. 1-11.


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Koesoemadinata, R.P. & S. Siregar (1984)- Reef facies model of the Rajamandala Formation, West Java. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 1-18. (Rajamandala Fm limestone outcrops along Bandung- Jakarta road, ~600 m thick, dips 40- 60° to S, ENEWSW strike, asymmetric folding-thrusting to N. Graded granular facies represent turbidite toe of slope, foraminiferal algal facies are fore-reef; coral-algal bafflestone- boundstones are reef ramparts (quarried as marble). Possible milliolid limestone facies with isolated patch reefs represents lagoonal back reef) Koesoemadinata, R.P., K.N. Tabri & Dardji (1985)- Rajamandala-Tagogapu Area, West Java. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 14th Annual Conv. Post Convention Fieldtrip, 67 p. Koesoemadinata, R.P., K.N. Tabri, Premonowati & B. Yuwono (2000)- Carbonate fieldtrip to Tagog Apu, Rajamandala Area West Java, September 2000. Guide Book, Indonesian Assoc. Geol., Jakarta Chapter, 70 p. Koesoemo, Y.P. (1993)- Stratigrafi sikuen Rembang Kendeng kala Miosen Tengah- Akhir daerah Jawa Timur. Masters Thesis ITB Bandung, p. (‘Middle- Late Miocene sequence stratigraphy Rembang and Kendeng zones, East Java’. Seven sequences distinguished) Koesoemo, Y.P. (2002)- Middle Miocene submarine fan as a new idea of hydrocarbon stratigraphic trap model in Randublatung Depression Northeast Java Basin. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 749-755. (Six sea level falls interpreted during Middle (15.5, 13.8, 12.5, 10.5 Ma ) and Late Miocene (6.3, 5.5 Ma). Some sediments eroded and transported to S and deposited as submarine fans, as evidenced by mounded geometries on seismic. Concept of submarine fan new idea for hydrocarbon traps in study area) Koesoemo, Y.P. (2004)- Turbidite Pucangan Formation and petroleum system in the Eastern part of the Kendeng zone, North-East Java basin. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia and Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 287-289. (Short paper describing outcrops SW of Surabaya of Late Pliocene- Pleistocene turbiditic Pucangan Fm sands, associated with 2.9 Ma SB) Koesoemo, Y.P., N.T. Yuwono & S. Musliki (1996)- Sequence stratigraphy concept applied to the Middle Miocene to Pliocene outcrops in the Northeast Java Basin, Indonesia. In: C.A. Caughey, D.C. Carter et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence Strat. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 329-344. (4 main depositional cycles: (1) Ngimbang, Kujung Fms (Eocene-Late Oligocene); (2) Prupuh, Tuban, Tawun and Ngrayong Fms (Late Oligocene-M Miocene); (3) Bulu? Wonocolo, Lcdok and Mundu Fms (M MioceneLate Pliocene); and (4) Selorejo and Lidah Fms (Late Pliocene-Pleistocene). Little documentation) Kohar, A. (1985)- Seismic expression of Late Eocene carbonate build-up features in the JS-25 and P. Sepanjang trend, Kangean Block. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 437-447. (Over 20 carbonate build-ups at top Late Eocene carbonate shelf sequence. Features grew over basement highs, spreading E-W across Sepanjang island- JS25 area in Kangean block off N Bali. JS25-1 well penetrated >1000’ of recrystallized Late Eocene limestone. Secondary porosity and fracturing produced good reservoirs) Kohno, Y., L.D. Setijadji T. Itaya, P. Zoltan, A. Harijoko et al. (2006)- Geochronology and petrogenetic aspects of Quaternary across arc magmatism on Merapi-Merbabu-Telomoyo-Ungaran volcanoes, Central Java, Indonesia. In: Proc. 3rd Int. & Exh. Earth Resources and Geological Engineering Education, Yogyakarta 2006, p. 194-201. Koichiro, S., Y. Watanabe, A. Imai and Y. Motomura (2005)- Alteration and gold mineralization of the Ciurug vein, Pongkor Au-Ag deposit, Indonesia. In: J. Mao & F.P. Bierlein (eds.) Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge 2005, Springer, Berlin, p. 995-998. (Pongkor gold-silver mine ~ 80 km SW of Jakarta, in high-grade epithermal vein-system, associated with young basaltic-andesitic volcanics. Four stages of mineral vein formation)


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Koolhoven, W.C. Benschop (1929)- Geology of Gandoel Hill near Borobudur (Central Java). Fourth Pacific Sci. Congr. Java 1929, Excursion Guide D1, 6 p. (Gandul hill W of Borobudur and S of Borobudur- Salaman road, on N slope of Menoreh Mts. Possible Eocene grey shales with micaceous sandstones and quartz conglomerates, indurated by E Miocene andesite intrusives (4km wide andesite plug). Overlain by andesitic breccias with intercalations of E-M Miocene limestone with Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, etc.) Koolhoven, W.C.B. (1933)- Beschouwingen omtrent voorkomen, genese, ouderdom en exploratie van goud en edelmetaalhoudende ertsen op Java. De Mijningenieur 1933, 1, p. 6-14, part 2: p. 26-30, part 3: p.47-51. (‘Discussion of distribution, genesis, age and exploration of gold and precious metal ores on Java’ 3 parts) Koolhoven, W.C.B. (1933)- Toelichting bij Blad 14 (Bajah). Geological map of Java, 1:100,000, Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, 66 p. (Explanatory notes Java 1:100,000 map sheet 14 (Bayah). English translation at www.nummulites.net) Koolhoven, W.C.B. (1936)- Het Palaeogeen op Java (een kritiek). De Ingenieur in Nederl.-Indie, 1936, IV, 9, p. 161-164. (Critical review of the Java chapter of Badings (1936) paper on Paleogene of Indies Archipelago) Koomans, C.M. (1938)- A tourmaline-zoisite rock from Loh-Oelo, Java. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 10, p. 104-109. Kopp, H. (2002)- BSR occurrence along the Sunda margin: evidence from seismic data. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 197, p. 225-235. (Sunda margin BSR occurrences restricted to areas of upward migration conduits for methane-laden fluids) Kopp, H., E.R. Flueh, C.J. Petersen, W. Weinrebe et al. (2006)- The Java margin revisited: evidence for subduction erosion off Java. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 242, p. 130-142. (High-resolution bathymetry suggests tectonic erosion of frontal accretionary prism by underthrusting of oceanic basement relief such as seamounts and ridges) Kopp, H., D. Hindle, D. Klaeschen, O. Oncken, C. Reichert & D. Scholl (2009)- Anatomy of the western Java plate interface from depth-migrated seismic images. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 288, p. 399-407. (W Java forearc segmentation into discrete mechanical domains) Kopp, H., D. Klaeschen, E.R. Flueh, J. Bialas & C. Reichert (2002)- Crustal structure of the Java margin from seismic wide-angle and multichannel reflection data. J. Geophys. Res. 107, B2, 2034, 24 p. (Seismic data across subduction zone yield used to build cross section of subduction zone, confirmed by supplementary gravity modeling. Sunda accretionary margin has massive accretionary prism, >110 km wide between trench and forearc basin. It is composed of frontal wedge and fossil part behind present backstop structure which constitutes outer high. Moderate seismic velocities indicate sedimentary composition of outer high. Subducting oceanic slab traced down to almost 30 km underneath accretionary prism. Adjacent forearc domain with pronounced basin, possibly underlain by remnant fragments of oceanic crust) Kopp, H. & N. Kukowski (2003)- Backstop geometry and accretionary mechanics of the Sunda margin. Tectonics 22, 6, doi:10.1029/2002TC001420, 16p. Koswara, M., J. Negre & L. Hendrata (1990)- The integration of geophysical, geological and petrophysical data: a case study in North West Java, Indonesia. Proc. 8th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1990, SEAPEX Proc. 9, p. 100-111. (Evaluation of two onshore NW Java wells in >500m thick Late Miocene/Tf3 Parigi Fm carbonate buildups) Kotaka, T. & F. Hasibuan (1983)- Molluscan fossils from the Sangiran Dome, Central Jawa. Palaeont. Assoc. Japan, 33, p. 1-13. (in Japanese with English abstract)


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Koulakov, I., M. Bohm, G. Asch, B.G. Luehr, A. Manzanares, K.S. Brotopuspito et al. (2007)- P- and Svelocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle beneath Central Java from local tomography inversion. J. Geophys. Res. B08310, 19p. (Local source tomographic inversion used to obtain 3-D models of crust and mantle wedge beneath C Java. Clearly image of shape of subduction zone. Slab dip increases gradually from near-horizontal to ~70°. Double seismic zone in slab between 80-150 km depth. Low-velocity anomaly in crust, just N of volcanic arc (MerapiLawu anomaly; MLA), with 30-36% lower velocities than fore arc at 10 km. This shows probable high content of fluids and partial melts in crust (more likely deep sedimentary basin ?; HvG). Inclined low-velocity anomaly in upper mantle links cluster of seismicity at 100 km with MLA and may reflect ascending fluids paths) Koulakov, I., A. Jakovlev & B.G. Luehr (2009)- Anisotropic structure beneath central Java from local earthquake tomography. Geochem. Geoph. Geosyst. 10, 2, p. (New tomographic data from local seismicity. Crust and upper mantle velocity structure beneath C Java strongly anisotropic. Forearc area between S coast and volcanoes heterogeneous, explained by complex block structure of crust. Beneath volcanoes faster velocities in vertical direction, probably channels, dykes. In crust beneath middle part of C Java, N to Merapi and Lawu large slow anomaly with E-W zone of fast velocity, probably caused by regional extension) Kovacs, P.P. (1982)- Rama reservoir model study. In: Offshore South East Asia 82 Conference, Singapore, p. 120. Krausel, R. (1923)- Uber einen fossilen Baumstammm von Bolang (Java). Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fossilen flora Niederlandisch-Indiens. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 25, p. 9-16. (Online at http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014846.pdf) ('On a fossil tree trunk from Bolang, Java; a contribution to the knowledge of the fossil flora of Netherlands Indies'. Bolang locality has silicified tree trunks up to 2m long, 60 cm in diameter. Age of deposits uncertain. Specimen from Diterocarpacean tree family, demed to be new species named Dipterocarpoxylon javanense) Krausel, R. (1926)- Uber einige Fossile Holzer aus Java. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 2, p. 1-8. ('On some fossil woods from Java'. Petrified wood from Bandung and Batavia belongs to Dipterocarpaceae) Kumazawa, S. (1994)- Quaternary geology and hydrogeology of the Madiun Basin, Indonesia. J. Geosciences, Osaka City University, 37, p. 213-242. (Madiun basin in E Java with >250m of Quaternary sediments deposited above thick argillaceous sediments of the Lower Pleistocene Pucangan stage. M-U Pleistocene Kabuh, Notopuro and Setri Fms consist of thick fluviatile sediments. and form good aquifers) Kupper, H. (1941)- Bijdrage tot de stratigraphie van het Tagogapoe- Gn. Masigit gebied (Noord Priangan, Java). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 12, p. 105-109. (Contribution to the stratigraphy of the Tagogapu- Gn Masigit area, N Priangan, W of Bandung, W Java) Kurniawan, E., A. Bachtiar, C. Irawan & D. Apriadi (2003)- Facies and reservoir characteristics of shallow marine deposit at Cipamingkis River. Proc. 32nd Annual Conv. IAGI and 28th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Jakarta, 23p. (Detailed sedimentological study of M Miocene Cibulakan Fm outcrops of glauconitic sands and shales along riverbed of Cipamingkis River, SE of Jakarta. Analog of age-equivalent hydrocarbon zones in offshore NW Java Basins. Twelve facies distinguished, interpreted as lower shoreface to offshore environments. Reservoir geometries mainly sheet-like, some patchy, mounded geometry. In Indonesian) Kurniawan R.E.J., Surono, B. Prastistho & S. Umiyatun (2006)- Studi nanofosil pada satuan Batulempung, Formasi Wungkal- Gamping, lintusan Watu Prahu, Bayat, Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Proc. 35th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, 11 p. (‘Nannofossil study of the Batulempung unit of Wungkal- Gamping Fm, Bayat, C Java’. Watuprahu section at Jiwo Hills SE of Yogyakarta contains Late Eocene nannofossil zones NP18-NP19)


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Kusumahbrata (1994)- Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Bayah, Walat and Ciletuh Formations, SW Java basin, Indonesia. Ph. D. Thesis University of Wollongong, NSW, 253p. (Unpublished) Kusumahbrata, Y. (1994)- Sedimentary petrographic study of the Bayah, Walat and Ciletuh Formations, Southwest Java: its importance for interpreting provenance and petrographic correlation. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 41-54. (SW Java Eocene-Oligocene sandstones ‘recycled orogenic’ (sub-) litharenites, dominated by various types of quartz and chert, probably derived from mix of metamorphic, granitic, volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Provenance area to N or NE. Upsequence decrease in feldspars and volcanics and increase of polycrystalline quartz in some sequences consistent with uncovering of a magmatic arc through erosion) Kusumastuti, A., A.B. Darmoyo, W. Suwarlan & S.P.C. Sosromihardjo (2000)- The Wunut Field: Pleistocene volcaniclastic gas sands in East Java. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 195-215. (Lapindo 1994 gas discovery in Pleistocene Pucangan Fm volcanoclastics in E Kendeng zone, S of Surabaya. Reservoirs part of NE prograding volcanoclastic wedge from modern arc. 17 gas sands between 500-3000’; most reserves in deepest zone. Porosity 25-35%. Closure formed in Late Pleistocene (gravity-driven detachment related to uplift in volcanic arc ?). Gas charge probably leakage from underlying Miocene Porong Reef) Kusumastuti, A., P. van Rensbergen & J.K. Warren (2002)- Seismic sequence analysis and reservoir potential of drowned Miocene carbonate platforms in the Madura Strait, East Java, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 86, p. 213232. (Seismic study of four Miocene carbonate buildups in Madura Straits (Porong, KE, KD, BD) on WSW-ENE trending Oligocene fault block. Porong buildup is Late Oligocene- Early Miocene bioherm, buried by PlioPleistocene rocks. N flank steeper, probably windward side ) Kusumayudha, S.B. & H. Murwanto (1994)- Penentuan tektonogenesis komplek bancuh Karangsambung berdasarkan analisis kekar gerus. In: Proc. Seminar Geologi dan Geotektonik Pulau Jawa sejak Akhir Mesozoik hingga Kuarter, Geology Department Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, p. 101-120. (Structural analysis of C Java Karangsambung-Luk Ulo melange and olistostrome complex) Kusumayuda, S.B., M.T. Zen, S. Notosiswoyo & R.S. Gautama (1999)- Distribution of the Gunung Sewu karstic aquifers based on fractal analysis- case study: Semanu and surrounding area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Proc. GEOSEA ’98 Conf., Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 43, p. 345-350. Kusumayuda, S.B., M.T. Zen, S. Notosiswoyo & R.S. Gautama (2000)- Fractal analysis of the Oyo River cave systems and topography of the Gunungsewu karst area, Central Java, Indonesia. Hydrogeol. J. 8, p. 271-278. (Not much geology; wrong age model) Landa, J.L., R.N. Horne, M.M. Kamal & C.D. Jenkins (2000)- Reservoir characterization constrained to welltest data: a field example. Soc. Petrol. Eng. Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering 3, 4, p. 325-334. (also in Proc. SPE Ann. Techn. Conf, Denver 2000, Paper 35611, p. 177-192) (Reservoir description for Pagerungan gas field, E Java Sea. Discovered in 1985, producing since 1994 from fluvial M-U Eocene Ngimbang Clastics Fm) Larick, R., R.L. Ciochon, Y Zaim, Sudijono, Suminto, Y. Rizal et al. (2001)- Early Pleistocene 40Ar/39Ar ages for Bapang Formation hominins, Central Jawa, Indonesia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 98, 9, p. 4866-4871. (Sangiran dome Plio-Pleistocene ~80 Homo erectus fossils. At 5 locations in Bapang (Kabuh) Fm H. erectus fossils associated with epiclastic pumice. 40Ar/39Ar ages from 1.51 Ma at Bapang/ Sangiran Fm contact, to 1.02 Ma above hominid-bearing sequence. Intermediate level with four crania has ~1.25 Ma age) Larick, R., R.L. Ciochon & Y. Zaim (2002)- Homo erectus and the emergence of Sunda in the Tethys Realm. Contributions of Potassium-based chronology in the Sangiran dome, Central Java. Athena Rev. 4, 1, p. (online at www.athenapub.com/13sunda.htm)


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Latief, R., et al., (1990)- Guide Book Post Convention Field Trip, Madura Island. Indonesian Petroleum Association, p. Lehmann, H. (1936)- Morphologische Studien auf Java. Geographische Abhandl., Stuttgart, Ser. 3, 9, p. 1-114. (‘Geomorphologic studies on Java’. Mainly on Southern Mountains SE of Yogya and NE Java KendengRembang zones around Cepu. Introduction of term ‘cone-karst’) Lehner, P., H. Doust, G. Bakker, P. Allenbach & J. Guenau (1983)- Active margins 3, Java Trench. In: A.W. Bally (ed.) Seismic expression of structural styles- a picture and work atlas, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Studies in Geol. 15, 3, p. 45-80. (Two profiles across Java Trench P7 and N508 show subduction of Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous descending Indian Ocean crustt, overlain by imbricated accretionary wedge of sediment. Uppermost portion of basement, probably pillow basalts, structurally deformed and partly imbricated. Thrusts steepening away from trench. Individual imbrications may bend over toward trench in uppermost part, probably triggering submarine slides and turbidity flows. Sediment fill of fore-arc basins Late Oligocene/E Miocene- Recent. Offshore wells in forearc basin Oligocene volcaniclastics below base Miocene unconformity. Reefs on unconformity indicates forearc basin subsided to present depth after Oligocene orogenic pulse. Neogene transgressive-regressive cycle with basal marine sandstones and limestones. Doming and fracturing of entire island arc region during Oligocene was followed by Miocene regional subsidence and tectonic quiescence. Compressional folding and basin inversion began in Late Miocene and appears to have been continuous into Recent time) Lelono, E.B. (2000)- Palynological study of the Eocene Nanggulan Formation, Central Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 457 p. (abstract at www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/palaeo/2palynology.html) (Nanggulan Fm age diagnostic M-L Eocene fauna and palynomorph assemblages. Many palynomorphs affinity with Indian forms, suggesting plant migration into SE Asia following plate collision in E Tertiary. Distribution of similar M Eocene palynomorph assemblages suggests Sundaland extended from Java as far as SW Sulawesi. Podocarpidites pollen in upper unit indicates cooling, probably equivalent to M-L Eocene boundary event recorded elsewhere. Nanggulan Fm is transgressive sequence) Lelono, E.B. (2001)- Sea level changes during Middle-Late Eocene in the Nanggulan Formation, Central Java. Lemigas Scient. Contr. 1, p. 8-15. Lelono, E.B. (2007)- Gondwanan palynomorphs from the Paleogene sediments of East Java: ?the evidence of earlier arrival. Proc. Joint Conv. 32nd HAGI, 36th IAGI, and 29th IATMI, Bali, JCB2007-010, 14p. (Appearance of regular Gondwanan/ Australian pollen, including Dacrydium and Casuarina, in Late EoceneOligocene of wells in N Madura- E Java Sea is unusual, as these are generally first recorded in Early Miocene of other areas such as NW Java Sea, S Sumatra and C Java, S Sulawesi and Natuna, after collision of Australian plate and Sundaland in latest Oligocene. This may indicate earlier arrival of Gondwanan/ Australian fragment in East Java area than in other areas of Indonesia) Lelono, E.B. & R.J. Morley (2011)- Oligocene palynological succession from the East Java Sea. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 333-345. (Palynomorph assemblages from independently dated marine Oligocene succession from E Java Sea wells here named X and Y. Early Oligocene with common rain forest elements, suggesting everwet, rainforest climate. Early part of Late Oligocene much reduced rain forest elements with grass pollen, indicating more seasonal climate. In latest Late Oligocene rainforest elements return in abundance, suggesting a superwet climate. Palynological succession similar to Sunda Basin, W Java Sea) LEMIGAS/ BEICIP (1974)- Geology of the Kendeng zone (Central and East Java), p.. (Unpublished) Leterrier, J., Y.S. Yuwono, R. Soeria-Atmadja & R.C. Maury (1990)- Potassic volcanism in Central Java and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 3, p. 171-187.


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(Neogene- Quaternary K-rich volcanics from back-arc of C Java and S Sulawesi 3 series: (1) silica-saturated or -oversaturated potassic (SK); (2) weakly silica-saturated alkaline potassic (Muria 1, Genuk in Java; Baturape Fm, Cindako Fm, Camba 2a Fm and part of Lompobatang stratovolcano, S Sulawesi); and (3) silicaundersaturated ultrapotassic, usually leucite-bearing (Muria 2, Bawean in Java; Camba 2b Fm, Sopeng I Fm in Sulawesi). Rocks compatible with subduction-related environment, but in S Sulawesi emplacement post-dates latest known subduction. In C Java do not fit with model of increasing K2O with depth of Benioff plane, and location of UK series is independent from latter (Quaternary UK Series on Bawean away from 600 km isobath). Prefer genetic model for K-rich volcanic series by melting of mantle sources enriched in incompatible elements during previous subduction events, and possibly involving contribution of subcontinental mantle (C Java)). Liu X., Deng H.; Wang H., Wang S., Cui Yi & Di Y. (2009)- Sequence and depositional characteristics in synrift stage, Sunda Basin, Indonesia. Acta Sediment. Sinica, Beijing, 27, 2, p.280-288. (Five sequences in syn-rift section of Sunda basin. Depositional systems include fan delta, braided channel delta, fluvial, delta, nearshore subaqueous fans and beach) Lokier, S. (1996)- A preliminary field study of Tertiary Javanese carbonates. Univ. London, SE Asia Res. Group, Rept. 163, 84p. (Report of early field observations. No analyses, syntheses) Lokier, S.W. (1999)- Volcaniclastic controls on carbonate sedimentation within the Gunung Sewu area, south area, South Central Java, Indonesia. Proc. 1st FOSI-IAGI Reg. Sem., Tectonics and sedimentation of Indonesia and 50th Anniversary Memorial of R.W. van Bemmelen’s Book- The Geology of Indonesia, p. 50 (Abstract) Lokier, S.W. (1999)- The development of the Miocene Wonosari Formation, South Central Java. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 217-222. (M Miocene Wonosari/Punung Fm of south C Java active volcanic setting with carbonate development. S of E Miocene island-arc a moderate to high-energy carbonate platform developed. Calcareous algae and larger foraminifera packstone dominate; corals and other biota as tertiary elements. N of carbonate platform deep (~200-400 m) fore-arc basin, with volcaniclastic sedimentation from arc in N and carbonates from shallow platform to S. Some interdigitation of sediment types. Periodic inputs of marine volcaniclastics in carbonate environment. Sustained periods of volcaniclastic sedimentation resulted in decrease in species but increased numbers of individuals, attributed to increase in nutrients, lack of competitors and changes in substrate) Lokier, S.W. (2000)- The Miocene Wonosari Formation, Java, Indonesia: volcaniclastic influences on carbonate platform development. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 648 p. Lorie, J. (1879)- Bijdrage tot de kennis der Javaansche eruptiefgesteenten. Doct. Thesis Utrecht University, Wyt & Zonen,. Rotterdam, 269 p. (‘Contribution to the knowledge of Javanese volcanic rocks’) Loth, J.E. & J. Zwierzycki (1926)- De kristallijne schisten op Java ouder dan Krijt. De Mijningenieur 7, p. 2225. (‘Crystalline schists on Java are older than Cretaceous’. Mid-Cretaceous limestones with Orbitolina concavata in Loh Ulo area, C Java, are not intercalated with serpentinite and chlorite schist as argued by Verbeek & Fennema 1896, p. 352, but schists were thrusted over Cretaceous (from S to N) and are probably older) Lowell, J.D. (1980)- Wrench vs. compressional structures with application to Southeast Asia. Proc. SEAPEX V, p. 63-70. (Example from NE Java basin oil field structures: look compressional, not wrench-controlled. C. Sumatra Pungut and Tandun oil fields do have indications of wrenching) Ludwig, O. (1933)- Geologische kaart van Java 1:100.000. Toelichting bij blad 30 (Poerwakarta). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Batavia. 45 p.


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Ludwig, O. (1934)- Geological map of Java, scale 1:100,000. Explanatory note to Sheet 26 (Sagaranten). Geol. Survey Indonesia (Unpublished Sagaranten sheet of 1:100,000 geologic map of Java) Lunt, P. (1991)- The Neogene geological history of East Java, some unusual aspects of stratigraphy. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 26-36. Lunt, P. (2000)- A draft review of the Lutut Beds in the type area. AAPG Bali 2000 Int. Conv./ IPA fieldtripappendix, 13p. (online at http://nummulites.net/Geo/Lunt_2000c_draft.pdf) (Lutut sands from thrust belt SW of Semarang are Early Miocene (N6-N7, NN4) immature erosional products of metamorphic basement, radiolarian chert and Eo-Oligocene sediments, apparent product of a mid-Early Miocene orogenic event. Very different from M Miocene Ngrayong Fm mature quartz sands) Lunt, P. (2001)- Introduction to the geology and biostratigraphy of the Tuban Plateau. 28p + appendices of BPM reports by Muhar (1956) and Brouwer (1957) (online at http://nummulites.net/Geo/NE_Java.pdf) Lunt, P. (2011)- The sedimentary geology of Java. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Spec. Publ., 340 p. (in press) (Comprehensive book on Java sedimentary geology. Major tectonic events affecting sedimentation: (1) Late Mesozoic accretion of Paternoster microplate. Rembang Line is N edge of accreted ‘Woyla Terranes’; (2) MidEocene onset of sedimentation, but no clear backarc basins; (3) Early Oligocene half-graben extension; (4) Late Oligocene- E Miocene Old Andesite volcanic arc in S Java, simultaneous with widespread carbonates in N Java; 20/21 Ma marks end of ‘Old Andesite’ volcanism; (5) 20-12 Ma tectonically quiescent; possible effect of 18 Ma S Central Kalimantan uplift; 15 Ma is max. flood over Sundaland; (6) M Miocene/12 Ma fault inversion/ widespread subsidence phase; (7) Late Miocene/ 8 Ma: inversion of ‘Woyla terranes’; main phase Rembang-Madura-Kangean zone uplift; (8) mid-Pliocene-Pleistocene thrusting episodes) Lunt, P. & G. Burgon (2003)- State of the art or state of decay?- the role of classic geological skills in 21st century exploration. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore April 2003, 11p. (Examples of application of classic geology in hydrocarbon exploration on Java. Early Miocene sediments show major tectonic event during quiet sag phase of previous workers. Sag phase Oligo-Miocene carbonates show complex distribution, suggesting local tectonic controls more important than assumed eustatic trends) Lunt, P., G. Burgon & A. Baky (2009)- The Pemali Formation of Central Java and equivalents: indicators of sedimentation on an active plate margin. J. Asian Earth Sci. 34, p. 100-113. (C Java clastics sections near Bumiayu with record of intra-Late Miocene/ ~7 Ma tectonic event) Lunt, P., R. Netherwood & O.F. Huffman (1998)- IPA Field Trip to Central Java, 1998. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Fieldtrip Guidebook, p. 1-63. (Details on Karangsambung, Baturagung/ Jiwo Hills and Sangiran Dome outcrops) Lunt, P., D.M. Schiller & T. Kalan (1996)- Indonesian Petroleum Association East Java geological field trip guide book. IPA Field Trip Guidebook, p. 1-57. (S. Mountains, Kendeng zone and Rembang zone outcrops descriptions) Lunt, P. & H. Sugiatno (2007)- The Bagelen Beds, Central Java. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 17, 5, p. (Bagelen Beds of C Java ~10 km N of Lok Ulo are basal Oligocene (~32.5 Ma), possibly latest Eocene, very deep marine ‘scaly’ clay olistostrome deposit, probably with blocks of M Eocene (Ta) nummulitid limestone, similar to Lok Ulo) Lunt, P. & H. Sugiatno (2007)- A review of the Eocene and Oligocene in the Nanggulan area, South Central Java, ?, p. (Middle- Late Eocene clastics overlain by ‘middle’ Oligocene deep marine Tegalsari marls, overlain by Late Oligocene-Early Miocene ‘Old Andesites’)


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Lunt, P. & H. Sugiatno (2007)- A report on fieldwork in the Rajamandala- Citarum area, West Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung (in press), 27p. (Manuscript online at www.nummulites.net/Books/Rajamandala.pdf) (Rajamandala Limestone Late Oligocene age. Underlying quartz-rich clastics are Early Oligocene in age) Lunt, P., H. Sugiatno & T. Allan (2000)- A review of the Lutut Member in the type Area, North Central Java. (Unpublished report at http://nummulites.net/Books/Lutut.pdf) Magee, T., C. Buchan & J. Prosser (2010)- The Kujung Formation in Kurnia-1: a viable fractured reservoir play in the South Madura Block. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-005, 22p. (Kurnia-1well near S coast Madura island drilled rel tight (basinal?) Kujung Fm limestones, but reservoir potential enhanced by fractures) Maha, M. & S. Sanyoto (2000)- Biodatum dan zonasi foraminifera bentik kecil serta hubungannya dengan foraminifera planktonik Sumur-95 daerah Cepu, Kab. Blora, Jawa Tengah. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 4, p. 247-258. ('Datum levels and zonation of samller benthic forams and their relations with planktonic foraminifera in well 95, Cepu area, C, Java'. Shallow well W of Cepu, TD 340m, penetrating Late Pliocene- Pleistocene Mundu, Selorejo and Lidah Fms. Calcarina calcar restricted to Pleistocene, planktonic foram zones N22-N23, Pseudorotalia indopacifica basal occurrence near base zone N20) Mahfi, A. (1984)- A paleomagnetic study of Miocene and Eocene rocks from Central Java, Indonesia. M.A. Thesis, University of California at Santa Barbara, p (Unpublished) (Paleomagnetic results from Bayat, Kalissongo and Karang Sambung show mixture of rotated and unrotated sites; Fuller 1999) Malod, J.A., K. Karta, M.O. Beslier & M.T. Zen (1995)- From normal to oblique subduction: tectonic relationships between Java and Sumatra. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, 1-2, p. 85-93. (Oblique subduction beneath Sumatra induces strike-slip faults in Sumatra. Subduction perpendicular to trench SW of Java. Cimandiri FZ of W Java continues out to sea. Sinistral activity on land may be conjugate of dextral strike-slip along NW-SE prolongation of Sumatra strike-slip fault in forearcn. Structural transition is S of Pelabuhan Ratu Gulf. To W, oblique subduction induces partitioning into convergent motion and NW strike-slip motion. To E subduction is normal and typical forearc basin develops) Mandang, Y.I. & N. Kagemori (2004)- A fossil wood of Dipterocarpaceae from Pliocene deposit in the West Region of Java Island, Indonesia. Biodiversita 5, 1, p. 28-35. (Online at http://www.unsjournals.com/D/D0501/D0501pdf/D050106.pdf) (Silicified dipterocarp tree trunk 28 m long from Lower Pliocene near Leuwidalang, Banten, W Java) Mandang, Y.I. & D. Martono (1996)- Wood fossil diversity in the west region of Java Island. Bul. Penelitian Hasil Hutan 14, 5, p. 192-203. Mandeville, C. W., S. Carey & H. Sigurdsson (1996)- Sedimentology of the Krakatau 1883 submarine pyroclastic deposits. Bull. Volcanology 57, p. 512-529. Manga, M. (2007)- Did an earthquake trigger the May 2006 eruption of the Lusi mud volcano? EOS 88, 18, p. 1 Mannhardt, F.G. (1920)- Rapport over het voorkomen van asphalt- en phosphaat-afzettingen aan den voet van het Kromong-gebergte, in het District Palimanan der residentie Cheribon. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 47 (1918), Verh. 1, p. 9-18. (‘Report on the occurrence of asphalt and phosphate deposits at the base of the Kromong Mountains, Palimanan District, Residency Cirebon’. Four small asphalt deposits/ oil seeps in Miocene limestone ~20 km W of Cirebon, just SW of Palimanan village, known since Verbeek & Fennema 1896. Associated with hot springs and phosphate around Kromong/ Gunung Gundul andesite plug. With 1:20,000 scale map. Stratigraphy description see Harsonon Pringgoprawiro et al (1977))


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Mansfeldt, H.A. (1876)- Verslag over een onderzoek naar den stand van de particuliere aardolie-ontgining in de Residentie Cheribon. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1876, 2, p. 183-206. ('Report on an investigation of the private petroleum exploitation in the residency Cirebon'. Report on 1875 government geologist visit to first (minor) Java oil production W of Cirebon. Minor oil encountered here by Reerink in shallow 'Tjibodas' wells near Madja oil seep) Manur, H. & R. Barraclough (1994)- Structural control on hydrocarbon habitat in the Bawean area, East Java Sea. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 129-144. (Bawean area two phases, Paleogene rift and Neogene reactivation. Eocene-Oligocene doming and faulting followed by subsidence and tectonic quiescence until E Miocene. NE-SW trending grabens formed in M Eocene and filled with alluvial clastics, lateritic clays and lacustrine shales (source rocks). Basement onlap began in Late Eocene- E Oligocene with transgressive marine sandstones and limestones including reefs. Paleogene fault zones reactivated in Neogene. Wrench faulting, basin inversion or renewed subsidence from Late Miocene to Recent. Late Miocene structures generally dry, postdate main hydrocarbon generation. Pre-Late Miocene structures more attractive targets) Marcoux, E. & J.P. Milesi (1994)- Epithermal gold deposits in West Java, Indonesia: geology, age and crustal source. In: In: T.M. van Leeuwen et al. (eds.) Indonesian mineral deposits- discoveries of the past 25 years, J. Geochem. Expl. 50, 1-3, p. 393-408. (Epithermal gold mineralization in SW Java hosted by Miocene and Pliocene intrusions and volcanics. Most ore deposits of Bayah Dome related to extensive Pliocene magmatism dated as 5.7- 2.0 Ma. Mineral deposits localised by structural controls, in particular a strike-slip fault reactivated as normal fault. Lead isotopes suggest existence of underlying Precambrian crust in W Java) Marcoux, E., J.P. Milesi, T. Sitorius & M. Simandjuntak (1996)- The epithermal Au-Ag-(Mn) deposit of Pongkor (West Java, Indonesia). Indon. Mining J. 2, p. 1-17. Marcoux, E., J.P. Milesi, S. Sohearto & R. Rinawan (1993)- Noteworthy mineralogy of the Au-Ag-W (Bi) epithermal ore deposit of Cirotan, West Java, Indonesia. The Canadian Mineralogist 31, p. 727-744. (Pliocene age (1.7 Ma) Cirotan Au-Ag ore deposit of Cikotok District, SW Java, producing since 1955. Considered as hybrid deposit transitional between low-level adularia-sericite epithermal type and porphyry-tin type of deposit) Marks, P. (1956)- Smaller foraminifera from well No. 1 (sumur 1) at Kebajoran, Djakarta. Djawatan Geologi, Publ. Keilmuan 30, Ser. Paleont., Bandung, p. 25-47. (Study of foraminifera in water well drilled to 255m in 1950 at S side of Jakarta. Mainly barren, non-marine section with 3-4 thin intervals with shallow marine microfauna (Asterorotalia, Pseudorotalia, Elphidium, etc.). Uppermost samples rich in reworked planktonic forams. Age of section latest Pliocene- Pleistocene) Martin, K. (1879-1880)- Die Tertiarschichten auf Java, nach den Entdeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn. E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 3-164. (‘The Tertiary beds of Java, after the discoveries of Fr. Junghuhn’) Martin, K. (1882)- Tertiarversteinerungen vom ostlichen Java. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 1, 1, p. 105130. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1882, Wet. Ged. p. 253-280) ('Tertiary fossils from East Java') Martin, K. (1883)- Nachtrage zu den 'Tertiarschichten auf Java', erster Nachtrag, Mollusken. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 1, 1, p. 194-270. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost-Indie 1883, Wet. Ged. p. 285-358) (Continuation of ‘The Tertiary beds of Java', part 1, molluscs) Martin, K. (1883)- Palaontologische Ergebnisse von Tiefbohrungen auf Java, nebst allgemeineren Studien uber das Tertiar von Java, Timor und einiger anderer Inseln. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 1, 3, p. 1-380.


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(also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost-Indie 1883, Wet. Ged., p. 371-412, 1884, Wet. Ged., p. 77-216, 1885, Wet. Ged., p. 5-108 and 1887, Wet. Ged., p. 253-342) ('Paleontological results of deep wells on Java, and more general studies on the Tertiary of Java, Timor and some other islands') Martin, K. (1887)- Fossile Saugetierreste von Java und Japan (Stegodon, Euelephas, Cervus). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 16, p. 1-45. ('Fossil mammal remains from Java and Japan'. Early description of Pleistocene mammal remains collected by Raden Saleh, mainly from the Solo area, mainly elephants and deer) Martin, K. (1891)- Die Fossilien von Java, auf Grund einer Sammlung von R.D.M. Verbeek. Samml. Geol. Reichsmuseums Leiden, N.F., 1, p. 1-386. (also partly reprinted in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost-Indie 1896, Wet. Ged., p. 43-328) ('The fossils of Java, based on a collection from R.D.M. Verbeek') Martin, K. (1895)- Neues uber das Tertiar von Java und die mesozoischen Schichten von West-Borneo. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 5, 2, p. 23-51. ('News on the Tertiary of Java and the Mesozoic beds of West Borneo'. Mainly listings of Tertiary gastropods from various localities of Java. No maps, no illustrations) Martin, K. (1900)- Die Einteilung der Versteinerungs-fuhrenden Sedimente von Java. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie (1900), 108 p. ('The classification of the fossiliferous rocks of Java' Overview of fossils and discussion of probable ages of formations from various parts of Java and Madura. Very 'wordy'; no maps or other illustrations) Martin, K. (1907)- Eine Altmiocane Gastropodenfauna von Rembang, nebst Bemerkungen uber den stratigraphischen Wert der Nummuliden. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums in Leiden, Ser. 1, 8, p. 145-152. (‘An Early Miocene gastropod fauna from Rembang, with comments on stratigraphic value of nummulitids’. Listing of 40 gastropod species from Sedan and Gunung Butak, Rembang District, NE Java, only 6 species still known from recent faunas. Fauna held for Early Miocene (but associated with Cycloclypeus annulatus, so more likely Middle Miocene age, probably Bulu Limestone; HvG)) Martin, K. (1907)- Systematische Ubersicht uber die Gastropoden aus Tertiaren und jungeren Ablagerungen von Java. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal. 1907, 2, p. 151-162. ('Systematic overview of Tertiary and younger gastropods from Java'. Listing of 648 gastropod species names. No illustrations, ranges, descriptions, etc.) Martin, K. (1908)- Das Alter der Schichten von Sonde und Trinil auf Java. Verslag. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Afd. Wis. Natuurk., 17. p. 7-16. ('The age of the Sonde and Trinil beds on Java') Martin, K. (1911)- Enkele beschouwingen over de geologie van Java. Verslag. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Afd. Wis. Natuurk., p. 19-23. ('Some considerations on the geology of Java') Martin, K. (1911)- Vorlaufiger Bericht uber geologische Forschungen auf Java- 1. Samml. Geol. ReichsMuseum Leiden, Ser. 1, 9, p. 1-76. (‘Preliminary report on geological investigations on Java- part 1’. Includes chapters on Preanger (1: Nyalindung (p. 5-24), 2. Kalksteine von Radjamandala: ‘Old Miocene’ Rajamandala limestone (p. 24-29), and Yogyakarta areas ) Martin, K. (1912)- Verdere beschouwingen over de geologie van Java. Verslag. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Afd. Wis. Natuurk., p. 1151- 1158.


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('Further considerations on the geology of Java' Mainly on Eocene- Miocene rocks and fossils around Yogyakarta. No illustrations)) Martin, K. (1912)- Vorlaufiger Bericht uber geologische Forschungen auf Java- 2. Samml. Geol. ReichsMuseums Leiden, Ser. 1, 9, p. 108-200 (‘Preliminary report on geological investigations on Java- part 2’. Includes chapters on the Eocene of Nanggulan, Gunung Gamping near Yogyakarta, Rembang zone Ngandung- Ngampel areas) Martin, K. (1913)- Einige allgemeinere Betrachtungen uber das Tertiar von Java. Geol. Rundschau 4, 3, p. 161173. ('Some general considerations on the Tertiary of Java'. Early overview of Java stratigraphy, with ages of formations dated by percentage of Recent mollusc species) Martin, K. (1914)- Die Fauna des Obereocaens von Nanggulan auf Java, A. Gastropoda. Samml. Geol. ReichsMuseums Leiden, ser. 2, 4, p. 107-178. (online at: http://bhl.ala.org.au/bibliography/50429#/summary) (‘The fauna of the Upper Eocene of Nanggulan, C Java, A. Gastropoda’. Descriptions of very well- preserved gastropods from Eocene marls of Nanggulan, W of Yogyakarta) Martin, K. (1915)- Die Fauna des Obereocaens von Nanggulan auf Java, B. Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata, Rhizopoda u. Allgemeiner Teil. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, N.F. 2, 5, p. 179-222. (online at: http://bhl.ala.org.au/bibliography/50429#/summary) (‘The fauna of the Upper Eocene of Nanggulan, Central Java, B. Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata, Rhizopoda and general part’. Part 2 of Martin (1914) paper. Descriptions of well- preserved molluscss from Eocene marls of Nanggulan, W of Yogyakarta) Martin, K. (1916)- Die Altmiocane Fauna des West-Progogebirges auf Java. A. Gastropoda. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, N.F., 2, 6, p. 223-261. (‘The Early Miocene fauna of the West Progo Mountains on Java, A. Gastropods’, SW of Yogyakarta) Martin, K. (1917)- Die Altmiocane Fauna des West-Progogebirges auf Java. B. Scaphopoda, C. Lamellibranchiata, D. Rhizopoda. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, N.F., 2, 7, p. 261-296. (‘The Early Miocene fauna of the West Progo Mountains on Java- Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata, etc.) Martin, K. (1918)- On the Miocene fauna of the West Progo Mountains in Java. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 20, 6, p. 800-804. (online at www.digitallibrary.nl) (Rich Miocene macrofossils from right bank of Progo River, W of Yogyakarta, Main localities: marls at Gunung Spolong and clay Kembang Sokkoh (well preserved, still some shine and color). Shallow marine Indo-Pacific mollusc assemblage, 103 species, only 7% still alive today. Associated with Miogypsina thecidaeformis. Most likely age Early Miocene) Martin, K. (1919)- Unsere palaeozoologische Kenntnis von Java mit einleitenden Bemerkungen über die Geologie der Insel. Brill, Leiden, 158 p. ('Our paleozoological knowledge of Java'. Early overview of Cretaceous- Recent Java fossils and intrduction to Java geology) Martin, K. (1921)- Die Mollusken der Nijalindungschichten. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, Neue Folge 1, 2-4, p. 446-496. (‘The molluscs of the Nyalindung Beds'. Molluscs from M Miocene, SW Java’) Martin, K. (1922)- Die Fossilien von Java auf grund einer Sammlung von Dr. R.D.M. Verbeek und von anderen. E.J. Brill, Leiden, 538 p. (‘The fossils of Java, based on collections of R.D.M. Verbeek and others’)


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Martin, K. (1926)- Plioceene versteeningen van Cheribon in Java. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.Indie 4, p. 1-24. ('Pliocene fossils from Cirebon in Java'. Shallow marine and brackish water molluscs from Pliocene of Tji Doerei, SW of Karang Suwung) Martin, K. (1928)- Eine Nachlese zu den neogenen Mollusken von Java. Leidse Geol. Meded. 3, p. 105-129. ('Supplement to the Neogene molluscs from Java'. Additions to Martin (1919) paper, based on new MiocenePliocene mollusc material collected by Geological Survey in W Progo Mts (C Java), Nyalindung Beds (W Java) and Tjilanang Beds. No maps or stratigraphy info) Martin, K. (1931)- Mollusken aus dem Obereocaen von Nanggulan. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 18, p. 1-56. (Follow-up of Martin 1915 paper. Taxonomic descriptions of molluscs (mainly gastropods) from the shallow marine Upper Eocene of Nanggulan, C Java, collected by Zwierzycki, Van der Vlerk and Gerth. 72 new species. No stratigraphy, locality descriptions) Martin, K. (1932)- Ein eocaner Nautilus von Java. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 20, 4 p. ('An Eocene nautilus from Java'. New Nautilus species from Eocene of Kali Puru, Nanggulan, C Java)) Martin, K. (1932)- Bericht over fossielen van Kedoengwaroe in Soerabaja. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 59 (1930), Verhand. 3, p. 113-121. (Shallow marine Pliocene molluscs from Kedung Waru anticline along road Jetis-Sidoteko near Surabaya) Martin, K. (1932)- De ouderdom der sedimenten van den door Dr. J. Cosijn opgenomen antiklinaal in de residentie Surabaja. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser.9, 3, p. 149-151. ('The age of the sediments of the anticline S of Surabaya, surveyed by J. Cosijn'. 128 species of molluscs at Kedungwaru, of which 68% still extant, suggesting age no older than Late Pliocene.) Martin-Icke, H. (1911)- Die fossilen Gastropoden. In: L. Selenka & M. Blanckenhorn (eds.) Die Pithecantropus-Schichten auf Java. Geologische und paläontologische Ergebnisse der Trinil-Expedition (1907 und 1908). Engelmann, Leipzig, p. 46-51. (Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene fossil gastropods from Trinil, collected by Selenka expedition) Martodjojo, S. (1981)- Darmawisata IAGI 1981 ke daerah proyek Saguling. IAGI Conv. fieldtrip, p. 362-369. (Fieldtrip guide with geologic summary Saguling Dam area, SW of Bandung, W Java, incl. M Miocene tuffs) Martodjojo, S. (1984)- Evolusi Cekungan Bogor, Jawa Barat. Doct. Thesis Inst. Tekn. Bandung, 396 p. (Eocene-Recent stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the Bogor Basin, W Java; see also Martodjojo 2003) Martodjojo, S. (1986)- Cibinong and Gunung Walat, West Java. Post-Convention Fieldtrip, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 15th Ann. Conv., 31 p. Martodjojo, S. (1987)- PT Stanvac Indonesia West Java field trip, June 1987. (3-day fieldtrip to Eocene-Oligocene outcrops at Bayah, Ciletuh, Gunung Walat, Cibadak) Martodjojo, S. (1989)- Stratigraphic and tectonic behaviour of a back arc basin in West Java. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia (GEOSEA VI), Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 229-244. (Three magmatic arcs in Java: Cretaceous- Eocene in N (Java Sea), M Oligocene- E Miocene in S (Indian Ocean) and modern arc along axis of Java. Shifing of arc from N to S left all of Java as basin, the Bogor Basin, underlain by Cretaceous-Eocene accretionary crust and backarc basin during most of Tertiary. Miocene turbidite fans in Bogor Basin progressively younger to N. Episodic basin subsidence related to periodic loading by thrust sheets)


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Martodjojo, S. (1995)- Paleogene sequence stratigraphy South West Java. Pre-Symposium Fieldtrip, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 55 p. Martodjojo, S. (2003)- Evolusi Cekungan Bogor, Jawa Barat. ITB Press, Bandung, 238 p. (Unrevised printed edition of 1984 thesis on Evolution of Bogor basin, W Java, by Penerbit ITB Bandung) Martodjojo, S. (2004)- Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa “state of the art”. In: Proc. Workshop Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa, Bandung 2003, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Spec. Publ. 30, p. 9-19. Martodjojo, S. & Djuhaeni (1989)- Stratigrafi daerah Majalengka dan hubungannya dengan tatanama satuan lithostratigrafi di Cekungan Bogor. Geologi Indonesia (J. Assoc. Indone. Geol.-IAGI) 12, 1, p. 227-252. (Stratigraphy Majalengka area, Bogor Trough, W Java) Martodjojo, S. & Y.P. Koesoemo (1993)- Sea level changes and tectonism causes and responses between stable Rembang and active Kendeng Zones. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. Martodjojo, S., S. Suparka & S. Hadiwisastra (1978)- Status Formasi Ciletuh dalam evolusi Jawa Barat. Geol. Indonesia 5, 2, p. 29-38. (Eocene- Oligocene Ciletuh Fm of SW Java has lower slope characteristics and conformably overlies mélange complex) Martono, U.H. (1992)- Geologi struktur pegunungan Serayu Utara. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 15, p. 1-30. ('Geologic structure of the North Serayu Mountains', Central Java. Located N of S Serayu Mts with famous Luk Ulo mélange, N Serayu mountains nearly complete record of Eocene- Recent geological events) Maryanto, S. (1994)- Proses diagenesis batugamping Miosen awal di Campurdarat, Jawa Timur. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (J. Geol. Min. Res., GRDC Bandung) 4, 36, p. 2-8. ('Diagenetic processes in Lower Miocene limestone of Campurdarat, Eastern Java') Maryanto, S. (2009)- Pendolomitan batu gamping Formasi Rajamandala di lintasan Gua Pawon, Bandung Barat. J. Geol. Indonesia 4, 3, p. 203-213. ('Dolomitization in Rajamandal Lst Formation in the Gua Pawon section, W Bandung') Masson, D.G., L.M. Parson, J. Milsom, G. Nichols, N. Sikumbang et al. (1990)- Subduction of seamounts at the Java Trench: a view with long-range sidescan sonar. Tectonophysics 185, p. 51-65. (Sidescan sonar bathymetry of E Java Trench between 108° and 120° E shows volcanic seamounts in process of collision with accretionary wedge. Ocean crust shows pattern of normal faults typical of outer wall of trenches. Sub-circular seamounts are seen, some currently being subducted. Where subducting seamounts are colliding with accretionary wedge, large crescentic areas of very high backscattering correlate with re-entrants in deformation front and large indentations in wedge) Masturyono (1994)- Seismicity of the Bali region from a local seismic network; constraints on Bali back arc thrusting. Masters Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, p. 92. 1994. (Locations of 513 microearthquakes near Bali island . Deepest events at 200 km depth, associated with Ndipping Wadati-Benioff zone of subducting Indian ocean lithosphere. Two prominent belts of shallow micro earthquakes (1) S belt along boundary of Sunda- Indian ocean plates and (2) opposite-dipping zone along island arc, showing back-arc thrusting N of Bali, dipping 15 -20 ° S. Back arc thrusting extends to 30 km depth below S coast of Bali island) Matsuoka, K. (1981)- Dinoflagellate cysts and Pediastrum from the Nanggulan and Sentolo formations in the middle Java Island, Indonesia. In: T. Saito (ed.) Micropaleontology, petrology and lithostratigraphy of Cenozoic rocks of the Yogyakarta region, Central Java, Yamagata, Japan, p. 48-52.


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Matsuoka, K. (1983)- A new dinoflagellate cyst (Danea heterospinosa) from the Eocene of central Java, Indonesia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 40, p. 115-126 (New gonyaulacacean dinoflagellate cyst, Danea heterospinosa, from Eocene of Nanggulan, C Java) Matsuoka, K. (1984)- Some dinoflagellate cysts from the Nanggulan Formation in Central Java, Indonesia. Trans. Proc. Paleontol. Soc. Japan. N.S., 134, p. 374-387. (online at http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp..) (Dinoflagellate cysts from Eocene Nanggulan Fm at Kali Puru section, 3.5 km NW of Nanggulan village, W of Yogyakarta, C Java, include 13 species belonging to 9 genera of Gonyaulacales) Matthews, S.J. & P.J.E. Bransden (1995)- Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic tectono-stratigraphic development of the East Java Sea Basin, Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 12, p. 499-510. (E Java Sea Basin metamorphic basement, overlain by up to 3 km marine Upper Cretaceous. Contraction and peneplanation of Cretaceous sediments and basement before middle E Eocene produced regional unconformity. E Eocene extension reactivated Cretaceous thrusts. E Eocene- E Oligocene normal faulting pulses, affecting progressively larger area with time. Paleogene fault-controlled sub-basins with fluvial, coastal plain and shelf clastic and carbonate sediments, recording overall transgression. E Oligocene regional subsidence; sediments dominated by deep marine clastics. Regional intra-Oligocene unconformity overlain by Oligocene- lowermost Miocene deep water calcareous mudrocks and limestones, locally onlapping Eocene rocks. Continuous regional subsidence during inversion history, resulting in gradual reversal of depocentre location. Palaeogene depocentres became Neogene highs, Paleogene platforms Neogene depocentres. Tertiary structural evolution mainly dip-slip fault movement during extensional and contractional phases. Geometries similar to positive flower structures evolved by reverse reactivation of geometrically complex extensional fault system) Maulin, H.B., C. Armandita, M.M. Mukti, D. Mandhiri, D. Rubyanto & S. Romi (2012)- Structural reactivation and its implication on exploration play: case study of JS-1 Ridge. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-072, p. 1-13. (JS-1 Ridge in West Madura Offshore area at least three tectonic regimes: Eocene NE-trending extensionrifting, Neogene wrenching and Late Neogene compressional, thrustfolding. JS-1 Ridge is basement high on basement that probably is Australia-derived microcontinent 'Argoland', accreted to Sundaland in Paleocene. M-Late Miocene uplift in E part of basin, associated with E-W trending, down-to-S normal faults. Further uplift/ N-S compression in Late Miocene-E Pliocene. Most intense deformation in Late Pliocene -E Pleistocene. Main play E-M Miocene Kujung Fm carbonates) Maury, R.C., R. Soeria-Atmadja, R. Bellon, J.L. Joron, Y.S. Yuwono & E. Suparka (1987)- Nouvelles donnees geologiques et chronologiques sur le deux associations magmatiques du volcan Muria (Java, Indonesie). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Paris, 304 (II), 4, p. 175-180. ('New geological and chronological data on the two magmatic associations of Muria volcano'. Two lava types in Pleistocene Muria volcano: young (0.6- 0.4 Ma) ultrapotassic leucite-bearing lavas and underlying leucitefree rocks, less rich in K (1.1- 0.6 Ma)) Maynard, K., M. Decker & W.A. Morgan (2005)- Thorough data acquisition during appraisal mitigates development risk of a thin karst reservoir, Bukit Tua reservoir, East Java, Indonesia. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Great Britain Carbonate Conf., Nov. 2005 (Abstract only) (Early Oligocene carbonate reservoir model discrete thin karst zones <30ft thick. Increased permeability associated with karst confined to thin zones, leaving much of matrix with low permeability that is not expected to contribute to reserves. Karst zones exhibit varying degrees of porosity and permeability because of dissolution and probable fracture enhancement and flowed at DST rates of up to 4,500 bopd) Maynard, K. & W.A. Morgan (2005)- Appraisal of a complex, platform carbonate, Bukit Tua discovery, Ketapang PSC, East Java Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 317-330. (Bukit Tua 2001 N Madura platform oil and gas discovery in 300’ gross section of Early Oligocene Ngimbang Fm/ ‘CD’ platform carbonates, overlying basement, and in Kujung Fm. Many uncertainties remain regarding distribution of facies and porosity. Includes overview of regional setting)


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Mazied, M. (2002)- Application of sequence stratigraphic concepts and depositional models for reservoir mapping: an example from the Upper Cibulakan Formation in the L and LL Fields, Offshore Northwest Java. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 597-607. (late E and M Miocene Massive and Main sand reservoirs, some interpreted as NNE trending tidal ridges) Mazzini, A., A. Nermoen, M. Krotkiewski, Y. Podladchikov, S. Planke & H. Svensen (2009)- Strike-slip faulting as a trigger mechanism for overpressure release through piercement structures. Implications for the Lusi mud volcano, Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 26, 9, p. 1751-1765. (Strike-slip movement of Watukosek fault triggered Lusi eruption and synchronous seep activity witnessed at other mud volcanoes along same fault. Possibility that drilling contributed to trigger eruption) Mazzini, A., H. Svensen, G.G. Akhmanov, G. Aloisi et al. (2007)- Triggering and dynamic evolution of the LUSI mud volcano, Indonesia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 261, p. 375- 388. (E Java Sidoarjo mud volcano triggered by Yogyakarta earthquake, not nearby drilling) McCaffrey, R. & J. Nabelek (1987)- Earthquakes, gravity and the origin of the Bali Basin: an example of a nascent continental fold-and-thrust belt. J. Geophys. Res. 92, p. 441-460. (Bali Basin is downwarp in Sunda Shelf crust, produced by thrusting along Flores backarc thrust zone) McChesney, D., A. Rusmantoro, M.G. Smith & S. Mursid (1992)- The Krisna lower Batu Raja waterflood: an updated case history. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 21, 2, p. 403-430. McKenzie, K.G. & Sudijono (1981)- Plio-Pleistocene ostracoda from Sangiran, Jawa. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Pal. Ser. 1, p. 29-51. Mignan, A., G. King, D. Bowman, R. Lacassin, & R. Dmowska (2006)- Seismic activity in the Sumatra-Java region prior to the December 26, 2004 (Mw = 9.0-9.3) and March 28, 2005 (Mw = 8.7) earthquakes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 244, p. 639-654. (Seismic hazard prediction paper, mostly off Sumatra. Not much regional info) Milesi J.P., E. Marcoux, P. Nehlig, Y. Sunarya, A. Sukandar & J. Felenc (1994)- Cirotan, West Java, Indonesia; a 1.7 Ma hybrid epithermal Au-Ag-Sn-W deposit. Economic Geol. 89, 2, p. 227-245. (Cirotan gold deposit, dated at 1.7 Ma, is mineralized fault with ores in fractures cutting Late Miocene volcanosedimentary series (9.5 Ma) intruded by Pliocene microdiorite (4.5 Ma). Mineralization, hosted by right-lateral strike-slip fault. Lead isotopes suggest common origin for gold deposit and Pliocene andesitic-dacitic magmas to which gold is related, and indicate remobilization of Precambrian continental basement) Milesi J.P., E. Marcoux, T,. Sitorius, M. Simandjuntak, J. LeRoy & L. Bailly (1999)- Pongkor (West Java, Indonesia): a Pliocene supergene-enriched epithermal Au-Ag-(Mn) deposit. Mineral. Deposita 34, p. 131-149. Miller, N.R. & J.G. Kaldi (1990)- Strontium isotope chronostratigraphy and diagenesis of the Batu Raja Limestone, Offshore Northwest Java, Indonesia. (Abstract). AAPG Bull. 74, 5, p. 728-729. (Sr isotope chronostratigraphy from 7 Bima field wells indicates Batu Raja limestone deposition started in Late Oligocene (26-27 Ma) and ceased in E Miocene (21-22 Ma). Eustatic sea level drop at ~21 Ma exposed Batu Raja carbonate platform to meteoric diagenesis and formed reservoir facies. Sr ratios of most Bima samples follow normal Tertiary trend. Zones significantly affected by early meteoric diagenesis have anomalously low ratios. Also, lower 87Sr/86Sr values in altered samples near Seribu fault. Migration of low 87Sr/86Sr early Tertiary marine formation waters up fault and into porous horizons likely mechanism for rock alteration) Miyazaki, K., J. Sopaheluwakan, I. Zulkarnain & K. Wakita (1998)- A jadeite-quartz-glaucophane rock from Karangsambung, Central Java, Indonesia. Island Arc 7, p. 223-230. (High-P metamorphic rocks in Karangsambung part of Cretaceous Luk-Ulo subduction complex, with faultbounded slices of shale, sandstone, chert, basalt, limestone and ultrabasic rocks. Pelitic schists dominate and


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have late Early Cretaceous K-Ar ages. Minor eclogite, glaucophane rock, garnet-amphibolite and jadeitequartz-glaucophane rock as tectonic blocks in sheared serpentinite. P-T conditions indicate rock subducted to ~80 km with T gradient 7.0°C/ km. Rock formed by metamorphism of cold oceanic lithosphere subducted to upper mantle depths. Exhumation from upper mantle to lower-middle crustal depths by buoyancy. K-Ar (exhumation?) ages of micas in associated quartz-mica schist all between 110-117 Ma= Aptian-Albian) Mohammad, Sony R. & C. Lyttle (2008)- Optimizing appraisal via a fit-for-purpose seismic inversion conditioned geologic model: a case study from "J" Field, East Java. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-116, 10p. (Reservoir model of Jambaran gas field, Cepu Block, E Java. Oligo-Miocene carbonate buildup with >1400' gas column and thin oil column) Mohler, W.A. (1946)- Zur Stratigraphie der Saugetierfuhrenden Schichten von Java. J. Cellular Molecular Life Sci. 2, 8, p. 287-292. (‘On the stratigraphy of mammal-bearing beds of Java’. Mammalian faunas recognized: Tji Djolang-M Pliocene, Kali Glagah- U Pliocene, Djetis with Pithecanthropus- Lower Pleistocene, Trinil with Pithecanthropus- M Pleistocene, Ngandong with Homo neanderthalensis soloensis- U Pleistocene, Sampoeng Subrecent. Post-M Pleistocene folding (U Pleistocene Ngandong-terraces not folded)) Mohler, W.A. (1949)- Spiroclypeus und Flosculinella in Kalken aus dem Kustengebirge zwischen Patjitan und Blitar (Java). Eclog. Geol. Helv. 41, 2, p. 329-332. (Spiroclypeus and Flosculinella in limestones of the coastal ranges between Pacitan and Blitar, SE Java' Southern Mountains. Suggests Aquitanian age for Spiroclypeus limestone and Burdigalian age for Flosculinella-bearing limestones) Mohler, W.A. (1949)- Das Alter des Eozan-Kalkes von Gunung Gamping westlich Djokjakarta, Java. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 42, p. 519-521. (‘The age of the Eocene limestone of Gunung Gamping W of Yogyakarta, Java’. Limestone of Gamping outcrop W of Yogya is Upper, rather than Lower Eocene and represents reef deposit formed at same time as Nanggulan limestones farther W (already identified as Late Eocene Pellatispira limestone by Gerth 1930; HvG)) Molina, J. (1985)- Petroleum geochemistry of the Sunda Basin. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 143-179. (Shale source rocks in Oligocene Talang Akar and E Miocene Batu Raja Fms. rich in amorphous and herbaceous kerogen, with 1-6 % TOC in Talang Akar Fm. Upper Talang Akar coaly,with good source potential. Overlying Batu Raja Fm TOC up to 3.0%, also dominated by woody-coaly organic matter. Eight oil families identified, indicating generation from terrestrial and aquatic kerogen types. Oil-source correlations suggest oils from center or W margin of Sunda Basin mostly from middle Talang Akar, along E margin mostly from lower Talang Akar. Oil generation from lower Talang Akar started in M-L Miocene). Momma, H., K. Ohtsuka, T. Tanaka & T. Ohara (1987)- Deep-towed sonar and camera observations at the Sunda forearc region, south of west Java. CCOP Techn. Bull. 19, p. 89-105. Morgenroth, P., A.T. Rahardjo & K. Anwar Maruyani (2008)- Dinoflagellate cysts from Miocene outcrops on Java island, Indonesia. Palaeontographica, B 278, 4-6, p. 111-137. (Dinoflagellate cysts in three Miocene surface sections in West and C Java: Cipimangkis River near Jatiluhur (Late Miocene Cisubuh Fm), Kali Jaya NNE of Kebumen (around E-M Miocene boundary) and Cijarian River along Bogor- Pelabuhan Ratu road (M Miocene Cimandiri Fm). Most samples common dinoflagellate cysts. 29 species, 15 new, from genera Achomosphaera, Dilabidinium, Edwardsiella, Hystrichosphaeropsis, Javadinium, Lejeunecysta, Operculodinium, Spiniferites, etc.) Morgenroth, P., A.T. Rahardjo & K. Anwar Maruyani (2011)- Dinoflagellate cysts from two Oligocene surface sections on Java island, Indonesia. Palaeontographica, B 284, 4-6, p.125-157.


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(Two Oligocene surface sections studied in W Java, Batuasih Fm near Cibadak and equivalent section near Padalarang, both marine claystones overlain by Rajamandala Fm limestones. Foraminifera and nannoplankton date Batuasih section around Early-Late Oligocene boundary. Dinoflagellate cysts in phosphatic nodules heavily affected by thermal metamorphism. Padalarang section planktonic foraminifera indicative of zones P20-P21, also around Early- Late Oligocene boundary. Dinoflagellate cysts may indicate slightly younger age than Batuasih. Twenty-six dinoflagellate species found, including three new species) Morley, R.J., E.B. Lelono, L. Nugrahaningsih & Nur Hasjim (1996)- LEMIGAS Tertiary palynology project: aims, progress and preliminary results from the Middle Eocene to Pliocene of Sumatra and Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Pal. Ser., p. Moulton, D.E., B.S. Wilton & G.G. Ramos (1998)- Optimizing drilling strategies in a tectonic belt, Pagerungan Field, north of Bali. In: Proc. IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, Dallas, IADC/SPE Paper 39357, p. 559-572. Muchsin, N., R. Ryacudu, T.W. Kunto, S. Budiyani, B. Yulihanto et al. (2002)- Miocene hydrocarbon system of the Southern Central Java region. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 58-67. Mudjiono, R. & G.K. Pireno (2002)- Exploration of the North Madura platform, offshore, East Java, Indonesia. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 707-722. (N Madura High E-W trending Ngimbang (M Eocene- E Oligocene) and Kujung (Late Oligocene- E Miocene) shelf edge carbonates. New Bukit Tua and Jenggolo oil-gas discoveries targeted layered Kujung platform carbonates on N Madura Platform, 10- 20 km from fringing reefs. Porosity may be from repeated exposure on crest of old Madura Platform. Migration pathways via permeable Kujung I carbonates, near-basement carrier beds and Ngimbang and Kujung II/III carbonates. Fringing reefs viable play, as indicated by discoveries in Ketapang PSC (Bukit Panjang 2000; Payang 2001), nearby W Madura blocks (KE-23B, KE-13, KE-24, KE-30) and Pangkah (Ujung Pangkah 1998; Sidayu 2000). Good basement and paleogeography maps). Mudjito, M. Husen & W. Rahardjo & S. Musliki (1993)- Post-convention field trip 1993- Central and East Java. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 1-39. Muhar, A. (1957)- Micropaleontological examination of samples from the geological survey in Tuban. BPM Report SB1770, 14 p. ((Unpublished; English translation on P. Lunt website www.nummulites.net) Muin, A. (1985)- Contribution a la geologie du basin nord-oriental de l’ile de Java, Indonesie: sedimentologie d’un bassin d’arriere arc. Doct. Thesis, Univ. Grenoble, 340 p. (NE Java backarc basin mobile zones of both great subsidence and lateral displacements, tied to plate motions. Tertiary basin evolution placed in paleogeographic context, characterized by 5 megasequences, each starting with transgressive, ending with regressive phase. Sedimentological studies of turbiditic facies of Kerek Fm in Kendeng zone and Ngrayong Fm in Rembang zones) Mukti, M.M., C. Armandita, H.B. Maulin & M. Ito (2008)- Turbidites depositional systems of the lower part of Halang Formation, stratal architecture of slope to basin floor succession. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv.. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 162-176. (M-Late Miocene Halang Fm volcanoclastics in W part North Serayu Basin, C Java,350m thick, paleocurrents downslope from W to E- SE) Mukti, M.M. & M. Ito (2010)- Discovery of outcrop-scale fine-grained sediment waves in the Lower Halang Formation, an upper Miocene submarine-fan succession in West Java. Sedimentary Geol. 231, p. 55-62. (On fine-grained sediment waves in muddy overbank deposits of channel deposits in lower Halang Fm turbidite system in late Miocene back-arc basin, W Java) Mukti, M.M., M. Ito & C. Armandita (2009)- Architectural elements of a longitudinal turbidite system: the upper Miocene Halang Formation submarine-fan system in the Bogor Trough. West Jawa. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-168, 14p.


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(Lower part of volcanogenic U Miocene Halang Fm S of Kuningan, W Java re-interpreted as longitudinal turbidite system downsloping in E along axis of Bogor Trough) Mukti, M.M., M.S. Siregar, Praptisih & N. Supriatna (2005)- Carbonate depositional environment and platform morphology of the Wonosari Formation in the area East of Pacitan. J. Riset Geol. Pertambangan (LIPI, Bandung) 16, 2, p. 29-38. (M-U Miocene Wonosari Fm carbonates represent reefal or outer shelf facies, with slope environments to the North of the reef zone and back reef- inner shelf environment to S and W) Mulhadiono, Harsono P. & A. Sukendar (1986)- Tinjauan stratigrafi dan tataan tektonik di Pulau Madura, Jawa Timur. Geologi Indonesia (IAGI), 11, p. 1-8. (Revised nomenclature for Madura Tertiary rocks proposed, from lowest up: Ngimbang Fm, Kujung Fm, Tuban Fm, Tawun Fm, Pasean Fm, Pasiran Fm and Pamekasan Fm. Sedimentation and tectonics closely interrelated) Mulhadiyono (1973)- Petroleum possibilities of the Banyumas area. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 121-129. (Pertamina work in S part of C Java with oil seeps and hydrocarbon shows in shallow BPM wells. Stratigraphic column showing oldest rocks Late Oligocene marls, overlain by earliest Miocene Gabon volcanics (= 'Old Andesites'), E-M Miocene Penanjung ‘flysch’, M Miocene Kalipucang Limestone. No geology map. Most prospective interval deemed to be M-L Miocene turbiditic reservoirs) Mulhadiyono, Harsono P. & Sukendar A. (1986)- Tinjauan stratigrafi dalam tataan tektonik di Pulau Madura, Jawa Timur. Geol. Indonesia, 12, 1, p. 1- 8. (New nomenclature for Tertiary of Madura, NE Java) Muljana B. & Darjie Noeradi (2009)- Provenance of volcanogenic turbidite in Majalengka, West Java, Indonesia. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Earth Science and Technology, Fukuoka 2009, p. Mulyaningsih, S., Sampurno, Y. Zaim. D.J. Puradimaja, S. Bronto & S.A. Siregar (2006)- Perkembangan geologi pada Kuarter Awal sampai masa sejarah di dataran Yogyakarta. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 1, p. 103-113. (Uplift of Southern Mountains in E Pleistocene formed Yogyakarta Basin. In this basin Merapi volcanic activity took place since ±42 ka or 0.67 Ma) Muller, A. & V. Haak (2004)- 3-D modeling of the deep electrical conductivity of Merapi volcano (Central Java): integrating magnetotellurics, induction vectors and the effects of steep topography. J. Volc. Geotherm. Res. 138, 3-4, p. 205-222. Muller, M., A. Hordt, & F.M. Neubauer (2002)- Internal structure of Mount Merapi, Indonesia, derived from long-offset transient electromagnetic data. J. Geophys. Res. 107, B9, p. 2187. Murwanto, H., A. Subandrio & A. Rianto & Suharsono (2000)- Study of the trace of ancient Solo River in the South Wonogiri. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 4, p. 265-271. (Canyon across S Mountains limestone terrane to Sadeng bay, SE of Yogya, is ancient course of Solo River. River originates on S slope of Lawu volcano, and was forced to find northern outlet after uplift of S Mountains) Musgrove, F. & M. Sun (2012)- Developing a large carbonate buildup field- Banyu Urip, Cepu Block. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-035, p. 1-12. (Banyu Urip Field >1 Billion BBL oil in place. High relief Oligo-Miocene isolated carbonate buildup, rising ~3000' above surrounding carbonate platform. 150' thick cycles of shallow water carbonate, exposed to fresh water leaching to form high quality reservoir rock with average 26% porosity and 100 mD permeability in interior. Edges of platform heavily cemented) Musliki, S. (1988)- The Pliocene Selorejo Formation and its hydrocarbon prospect in Cepu, North East Java, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, p. (Unpublished)


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Musliki, S. (1989)- Seismic stratigraphy applied to the Northeast Java Basin. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc Geologists (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. . Musliki, S. (1990)- The Pliocene Selorejo Formation and its hydrocarbon prospects in Cepu and surrounding areas. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 379. (Abstract only) Musliki, S. (1991)- The effect of structural style to the hydrocarbon accumulation in the Northeast Java Basin. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 86-96. Musliki, S. (1992)- Depositional cycles of the Northeast Java Basin and their relation to the hydrocarbon potential. International Symposium on Neogene, Northeast Pacific Area, Bandung, October, 19-22, p. Musliki, S. (1994)- The Neogene Kalimu, Kalinges and Kanopu Formations in the Northeast Java basin. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 55-66. (Proposing new names for groups of existing NE Java basin formations; not sure why) Musliki, S. (1996)- Palaeogeographic interpretation based on lithostratigraphic units and relative sea level changes during the Plio-Pleistocene period in the Northeast Java Basin. Proc. Int. Symposium Geology and Environment, Chiang Mai, Thailand, p. Musliki, S. (1997)- Possible hydrocarbon accumulation within Eocene coarse clastic reservoir in the Northeast Java Basin. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 22-35. (Comparison of NE Java with S Sumatra and E Kalimantan suggests Eocene- Oligocene Ngimbang Fm clastics should have hydrocarbon potential. Clastics in exploration wells in NE Java generally poor reservoir quality and no hydrocarbons. Offshore NE Java good quality basal clastics in KE6, JS14-A1, Pagerungan 2, JS5-1 and some had hydrocarbons). Musliki, S. (1999)- The development of stratigraphic interpretation and its implication to the success of hydrocarbon exploration in the Northeast Java Basin. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 3, p. 131-138. Musliki, S. (2000)- The effect of Middle Miocene tectonic phase to the paleogeography, sedimentary processes and hydrocarbon prospect in the Northeast Java basin. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 151-159. (M Miocene N11-N12 Ngrayong Fm sandstone main reservoir in NE Java. Ngrayong Fm unconformably overlain by different Late Miocene- Pliocene formations, supposedly reflecting end-M Miocene orogeny/ global sea level drop. All structural closures probably drilled, but still stratigraphic traps potential) Musliki, S. & Suratman (1996)- A Late Pliocene shallowing upward carbonate sequence and its reservoir potential, Northeast Java basin. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 25, 1, p. 43-54. (Late Pliocene Kalitik-Ngepung-Selorejo Fms carbonate facies widely distributed in NE Java, with outcrops mainly in Kendeng- Kembang zones. Late Pliocene carbonate facies interpreted as shallowing upward sequence starting in Late Pliocene, ~2.9 Ma. Marls of Kalibeng- Mundu Fm followed by Globigerina Marl, Globigerina Lst, Reefal Limestone, Limestone Debris and Mollusc Limestone facies. Sequence finally covered by Lidah Fm clays. Best reservoirs Globigerina Lst facies: high porosity and permeability, composed of sandsize planktonic foraminifera. Significant gas (Balun field) and oil (Lidah, Kruka, Kuti, Metatu, Bogomiring fields) produced from this facies) Nachrowi, T.Y. & Y.P. Koesoemo (2003)- A geological trip to Cepu area for non-geoscientist personnel. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Field Trip Guidebook, p. 1-51. (Very basic write-up of NE Java basin geology)


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Nahrowi, N.Y. & Suratman (1990)- Aspek stratigrafi, sedimentologi dan petrografi endapan turbidit (studi kasus: Formasi Kerek & Anggota Banyak daerah Kedungjati, Jawa Tengah). Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 149-174. ('Aspects of stratigraphy, sedimentology and petrography of turbidite deposits (study of Kerek Formation and Banyak member in the Kedungjati area, C Java') Naizheng Du (1988)- On some silicified woods from the Quaternary of Indonesia. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B 91, p. 339-361. Napitupulu, H. (1998)- Organic geochemistry and thermal maturity modeling of hydrocarbon generation in the NW Java Basin, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of Texas at Dallas, p. Napitupulu, H., R.M. Mitterer & J.A. Morelos-Garcia (1997)- Differentiation of oils from the NW Java Basin into three oil types based on biomarker composition. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 667-679. (Three source rock facies in NW Java Basin based on biomarker composition of oil: (1) deltaic withtypically high concentration of oleanane, etc. (2) probably lacustrine with abundant botryococcane, etc. and (3) two oils with intermediate-high sulfur content suggestive of marine carbonate depositional setting, although high pristane/phytane, etc. conflict with this interpretation; may be mixed with oil from a non-carbonate source) Napitupulu, H., L. Ellis & R.M. Mitterer (2000)- Post-generative alteration effects on petroleum in the onshore Northwest Java basin, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 31, p. 295-315. (NW Java oils derived from fluvial-deltaic Talang Akar Fm affected by various post-generative alteration processes) Naranjo, J.C. (2007)- Tertiary basin initiation and sedimentation; East Java Basin, Indonesia. Masters Thesis, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, 70p. (Majority of proposed E Java Basin formation mechanisms back-arc related, but onshore part of basin appears to be constructed on pre-existing basement structural grain, not tectonic or fault-initiated. Passive basin fill of initial Eocene-Oligocene Ngimbang Fm clastic-dominated sedimentation suggesst pronounced paleo-basement topography. Mounded geometries of shallow-water carbonates, continuing into Kujung time (OligoceneMiocene), on NE-SW basement highs. Mild initial subsidence during Eocene increases with time) Naranjo, J.C., J.A. Simo, E. Dragan & A.R. Carroll (2007)- Tertiary basin initiation and sedimentation; East Java Basin, Indonesia. AAPG 2007 Ann. Conv. (Abstract only) (Seismic isochron mapping shows axis of Eocene-Oligocene E Java basin trended NE-SW. Oligocene-Miocene isochron map shows change to WNW-ESE orientation. Subsidence rates increased at this time, inconsistent with rift origin for earlier basin history. Prolific carbonate accumulations formed in areas with ~500 m or less Oligocene-M Miocene subsidence; areas with greater subsidence (up to 900 m) became sediment-starved deeps. Major carbonate platform formed in N part of basin. Two SW-trending projections from platform represent buildups formed on paleohighs, corresponding to areas of lesser Eocene-Oligocene subsidence) Natawidjaja, D.H. (1993)- Geological structures of Penosogan area Kebumen, Central Java: the significance of slump structures and extensional faults. Proc 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 137-146. (Microtectonic analysis of NE-SW directed M Miocene syndepositional slump structures in deep-water deposits, post M Miocene extensional structures E of Karangsambung. Latest deformation is N-S compression) Natori, H. (1978)- Foraminifera from West Jawa. In: M. Untung & Y. Sato (eds.) Gravity and geological studies in Jawa, Indonesia. Indonesia- Japan Joint Research Program on Regional Tectonics of Southeast Asia, GRDC Spec. Publ. 6, p. 81-89. Nawawi, A., A. Suseno & A. Heriyanto (1996)- East Java Basins. Pertamina BPPKA, 107 p.


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Nayoan, G.A.S. (1972)- Correlation of the Tertiary lithostratigraphic units in the Java Sea and adjacent areas. Proc. First Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, p. 11-30. (Brief overview of principal basins of Java Sea from S Sumatra to N Madura/ Barito, with correlation of stratigraphic successions) Nayoan, G.A.S. (1975)- Geology of the Karimunjawa Islands. Geologi Indonesia (IAGI) 2, 2, p. 13-20. (Karimunjawa Islands in Java Sea N of Semarang up to >500m elevation. Two formations: Karimunjawa Fm Pre-Tertiary, unfossiliferous, steeply dipping, low-metamorphic sandstones, conglomerate, phyllite, possibly isoclinally folded, unconformably overlain by horizontal, ?Holocene basalts. Older formation correlated with Upper Triassic flysch by Van Bemmelen (1949), and probably southernmost Sundaland. Structural grain NWSE, steeply dipping, mainly to SW (so unlikely to be part of Cretaceous accretionary terrane?; HvG). Karimunjawa Arch surrounded by onlapping Tertiary sediments, probably always exposed during Tertiary) Nedom, H.A. & H.J. Ramsey (1972)- Exploration and development of a new petroleum province, Java Sea, Indonesia. Proc. First Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 111-137. Nehlig, P. & E. Marcoux (1992)- Le gisement d’or epithermal de Cirotan (Ouest Java, Indonesie): contraintes microthermometriques. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 315, Ser. II, p. 821-827. ('The epithermal god deposit of Cirotan, W Java; microthermometric constraints') Newhall, C.G., N.G. Banks, I. Bahar, M.A. Del Marmol, R.D. Hadisantono, R.T. Holcomb et al. (2000)- 10,000 years of explosive eruptions of Merapi volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications. J. Volcanology Geothermal Res. 100, p. 9-50. Ngkoimani, L.O., S. Bijaksana & C.I. Abdullah (2006)- Paleomagnetic and geochronological constraints on the Cretaceous- Miocene tectonic evolution of Java. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosciences Conf. and Exhib., SOT-11, 4 p. (Extended Abstract) (Paleomagnetic study of ‘Old Andesites’ near Yogyakarta give latitudes of 16-20 °S, etc., supporting hypothesis that C and E parts of Java formed microcontinent that collided with Sundaland in Late Cretaceous-Eocene) Nicholls, I.A. & D.J. Whitford (1983)- Potassium-rich volcanic rocks of the Muriah complex, Java, Indonesia: products of multiple magma sources? J. Volc. Geotherm. Res. 18, 1-4, p. 337-359. (Extinct Pleistocene Muriah volcano in N-C Java two groups of lavas: (1) 'Anhydrous Series' leucite basanite to tephritic phonolite and (2)“Hydrous Series, tephrites and high-K andesites. Mafic A-series probably related to crustal doming-extension above dominant subduction regime. Hydrous Series magmas may be result of mixing between Anhydrous Series and high-K calc-alkaline basaltic- andesitic magmas related to subduction) Niethammer, G. (1909)- Die Eruptivgesteine von Loh Oelo auf Java. Tchermaks Miner. Petrogr. Mitt. XXVIII, 3, p. 205-273. ('The volcanic rocks from Loh Ulo on Java'. Petrographic descriptions of Cretaceous and Tertiary volcanic and metamorphic rocks, collected by Tobler in 1902. Includes discussions of Cretaceous Orbitolina limestone folded within serpentinite, first record of quartzose glaucophane schist, etc.) Nilsen, T.H. (2002)- Summary report on outcrop geology and general setting of the Banyumas Block, SouthCentral Java, Indonesia, Unpublished report for Coparex Banyumas, Jakarta, 31 p. (Lunt 2007, p.147: M-L Eocene in Banyumas area rel. deep water facies with slope channel sands and slumped Nummulites limestone blocks) Ninkovich, D. & L.H. Burckle (1978)- Absolute age of the base of the hominid-bearing beds in Eastern Java. Nature 275, p. 306-308. (Analysis of planktonic diatoms from marine intercalations in lowermost hominid-bearing beds and from underlying marine sediments in E Java)


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Ninkovich, D., L.H. Burckle & N.D. Opdyke (1982)- Palaeogeographic and geologic setting for early man in Java. In: R.A. Scrutton & M. Talwani (eds.) The ocean floor, Wiley, New York, p. 211-227. Nishimura, S., H. Harjono & S. Suparka (1992)- The Krakatau islands: the geotectonic setting. GeoJournal 28, 2, p. 87-98. (Sunda Strait between Java frontal and Sumatra oblique subduction. W Java and Sumatra geologically continuous. Krakatau at intersection of two graben zones and N-S active, shallow seismic belt. Paleomagnetic studies suggest Sumatra rotated clockwise relative to Java from at least 2.0 Ma to present at 5-10h/ Ma, so opening of Sunda Strait may have started before 2 Ma. W Sumatra has been moving N along Semangko fault and S part Sunda Strait pulled apart. Assuming perpendicular component (58 mm/y) of oblique subduction has not changed, subduction started at 7-10 Ma. Sunda Strait under tensional regime as result of clockwise rotation along continental margin and N-ward movement of Sumatra sliver plate along Semangko fault zone) Nishimura, S., J. Nishida, T. Yokoyama & F. Hehuwat (1986)- Neo-tectonics of the Strait of Sunda, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 1, 2, p. 81-91. Nishimura, S., K.H. Thio & F. Hehuwat (1980)- Fission-track ages of the tuffs of the Pucangan and Kabuh Formations and the tektite at Sangiran, Central Java. In: S. Nishimura (ed.) Physical geology of Indonesian island arcs, Kyoto Univ. Press, p. 72-80. Noble, R.A. & F.H. Henk (1996)- Source characteristics of Terang-Sirasun bacterial gas field. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1p. (Abstract only. Terang-Sirasun gas field 100 km N of Bali in E Java Sea. ~1 TCF in Plio-Pleistocene Paciran Fm sandstone and foraminiferal limestones. Gas >99% methane of microbial origin in anoxic marine setting) Noble, R.A. & F.H. Henk (1998)- Hydrocarbon charge of a bacterial gas field by prolonged methanogenesis: an example from the East Java Sea, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 29, 1-3, p. 301-314. (Terang-Sirasun 1982 field N of Bali >99.5% biogenic methane in Late Miocene-Pliocene Paciran Mb sandstone and globigerid limestone, sealed by Quaternary Lidah Fm shales) Noble, R.A., K.H. Pratomo, K. Nugrahanto, A.M.T. Ibrahim, I. Prasetya et al. (1997)- Petroleum systems of Northwest Java, Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 585-600. (NW Java at least ten active petroleum systems and 150 oil and gas fields. Expected EUR >4 BBOE from ~14 BBOE in-place. Onshore sub-basins Ciputat, Kepuh, Pasir Bungur, Cipunegara/E15 and Jatibarang. Oil and gas originating here migrated through structural high in N direction towards offshore. Offshore petroleum systems S Ardjuna, C Ardjuna, Sunda, Yani/N Seribu Trough and Asri systems. Ten systems characterized in terms of source rock type, migration/ carrier bed system, major reservoir and seal, and style of entrapment) Noble, R.A., C.H. Wu & C.D. Atkinson (1991)- Petroleum generation and migration from Talang Akar coals and shales offshore N.W. Java, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 17, 3, p. 363-374. Noeradi, Dardji (1994)- Contribution a l'etude geologique d'une partie occidentale de l'Ile de Java, Indonesie. Stratigraphie, analyse structurale, et etude quantitative de la subsidence des bassins sedimentaires Tertiaires. Approche de la geodynamique d'une marge continentale active au droit d'une zone de subduction Doct. Thesis Universite de Chambery, p. 1- 253. (online at: http://edytem.univ-savoie.fr/archives/lgham/dardji/Dardji-Noeradi-these-1994+.pdf) (‘Contribution to the geological study of a western part of Java island: stratigraphy, structural analysis and quantitative subsidence modeling, etc.’. Late Cretaceous- Paleocene oblique subduction, with Indo-Australian plate moving N-S. Creation of NE-SW oriented volcanic arc and intra-arc basin with sinistral faults trending N30°-40°E. This marginal basin closes in Mid Eocene (43 Ma), with ultrabasic basement uplift and block melange deposition of Ciletuh Fm. Closure coincides with start of pivoting of SE Asian continent to SW after India collision. New E-W trending volcanic arc forms in Late Oligocene- E Miocene in S part of island. Volcanism continues until end M Miocene (14 Ma). In NW Java rapid subsidence started in Late Oligocene (23


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Ma), with formation of horsts and grabens. In Late Miocene speed of Indo-Australian Plate increases from 4 to 7 cm/yr, causing N-ward movement of volcanic arc axis to present-day position and deformation in CimandiriBayah and NW Java basin. Regional compression N25°-30°E reactivates old N70°-80°E faults. Creation of pull-apart basin in Gulf of Pelabuhan Ratu in Late Miocene (10 Ma) with rapid subsidence) Noeradi, Dardji, T. Villemin & J.P. Rampnoux (1991)- Cenozoic fault systems and paleostress along the Cimandiri Fault Zone, West Java, Indonesia: In: Proc. Silver Jubilee symposium on the dynamics of subduction and its products, Yogyakarta, September 1991. Indon. Inst. Sciences (LIPI), p. 245-270. Noeradi, Dardji, E.A. Subroto, H.E. Wahono, E. Hermanto & Y. Zaim (2006)- Basin evolution and hydrocarbon potential of Majalengka-Bumiayu transpression basin, Java Island, Indonesia. Proc. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Perth., p. (Abstract) Nolf, D. & S. Bajpai (1992)- Marine Middle Eocene fish otoliths from India and Java. Bull. Inst. Royal Sci. Nat. Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 62, p. 195-221. (Including study of fish otoliths from Nanggulan, C. Java, deemed to be Early Bartonian, Middle Eocene age) Nossin, J.J., R.P.G.A. Voskuil, & R.M.C. Dam (1996)- Geomorphologic development of the Sunda volcanic complex, West Java, Indonesia. ITC Journal, 1996, 2, p. 157-165. Nossin, J.J. & C. Voute (1986)- The geomorphology of the Borobudur plain, its archaeology and history (Central Java, Indonesia). ITC Journal 1986, 4, p. 280-289. (Borobudur Plain was a lake in second half of Quaternay, with deposits up to 10m thick) Nossin, J.J. & C. Voute (1986)- Notes on the geomorphology of the Borobudur Plain (central Java, Indonesia) in an archaeological and historical context. In: Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management, Enschede 1986, 2, p. 857-863. Notosiswoyo, S. & S.B. Kusumayuda (1999)- Hydrogeology of the Gunung Sewu karstic area, Central Java, Indonesia: a conceptual model. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur 1998, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 351-358. Noya, Y., T. Suwarti, Suharsono & L. Sarmili (1992)- Geology of the Mojokerto Quadrangle, Jawa (1508-6), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 12 p. + map. (Eastern Kendeng and Rembang zones) Nugraha, A.M. S. & R. Hall (2012)- Cenozoic history of the East Java forearc. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-028, p. 1-21. (E Java forearc stratigraphy 6 tectono-stratigraphic units with 3 major unconformities. Lowest unit with continuous strong reflectors may be Paleogene or Mesozoic and is absent under C and W Java. M EoceneLower Oligocene deposited above M Eocene unconformity during extensional phase, followed by U OligoceneLw Miocene deposition with arc volcanism. Localized contraction of Lower Miocene and older units prior to termination of arc activity. Extensive carbonate deposition above E-M Miocene unconformity during quiet period with reduced volcanism. Significant subsidence began in Late Miocene. Deformation at S side of forearc after deposition of U Miocene, interpreted to be caused by arrival of buoyant plateau at the subduction margin) Nugrahadi, A., Y. Suracman, S. Mulyono, D. Muljawan, A. Lesanpura, J.P. Hutagaol & Kusnadi (1999)Oblique subduction zone in the Southern West Java Offshore. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 73-82. Nugrahanto, K. & M. Hutabarat (1994)- Reservoir characterization in a channel sand utilizing transgressive events: an example from the Talang Akar formation, offshore Northwest Java. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 88-103. (Reservoir characterizion study of Late Oligocene Talang Akar sandstone in BZZ field in Arjuna Basin)


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Nugrahanto, K. & R.A. Noble (1997)- Structural control on source rock development and thermal maturity in the Ardjuna Basin, offshore northwest Java, Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia & Australasia, Jakarta, Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 631-653. (Ardjuna Basin originated during Eocene-Oligocene period of extension. Incorporates major source kitchen for hydrocarbons with at least 2.8 BB Oil and 5 TCF Gas discovered to date. Three sub-basins. S sub-basin thickest sediments (~14,000' in axis), followed by C (~10,000') and N (~9000') sub-basins) Nugroho, D., T. Simo, D. Noeradi, S.M. Fullmer, M.K. Hicks, S.E. Kaczmarek, C. Liu, J.T. Van Gorsel et al. (2009)- Significance of the sedimentology and stratigraphy for the evolution and demise of the Oligocene Rajamandala Limestone, Padalarang, West Java, Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09G-161, p. 11-24. (Rajamandala Limestone Chattian carbonate platform, prograding to NE, drowned at end-Chattian) Nur Hasjim (1988)- Le Neogene marin du Nord-Est de Java, Indonesie; etude biostratigraphique (foraminiferes et nannoplancton). Geomedia Mem. 1, 129 p. (‘The marine Neogene of NE Java; biostratigraphic study'. Foraminifera and nannofossils listings from several classic Tertiary outcrop sections in NE Java) Nutt, W.L. & J. Sirait (1985)- Application of offset seismic profiles in the Jatibarang volcanic reservoir. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 385-398. Okada, H. (1981)- Calcareous nannofossils of Cenozoic formations in Central Java. In: T. Saito (ed.) Micropaleontology, petrology and lithostratigraphy of Cenozoic rocks of the Yogyakarta region, Central Java. Spec. Publ. Dept. Earth Sci, Yamagata University, Japan, p. 25-34. (Nannofossils from M Eocene-M Oligocene Nanggulan Fm, E Miocene Sentolo Fm, etc. “Old Andesites underlain by Mid Oligocene Sphen. distentus, overlain by middle Early Miocene S. belemnos zone CN2. Upper part of Sentolo Fm may be Early Pliocene) Okamoto, S., S. Kojima, S. Suparka & J. Supriyanto (1994)- Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) radiolarians from a shale clast in the Paleogene of central Java, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 1-2, p. 45-50. (Brown shale clast in Paleogene breccia in Karangsambung with Campanian tropical radiolarians not seen in coeval Campanian assemblages from blocks in Luk-Ulo mélange, suggesting juxtaposition of material from different paleolatitudes in Late Cretaceous, but juxtaposed before deposition of Paleogene) Oostingh, C.H. (1933)- Neue Mollusken aus dem Pliozan von Java. De Mijningenieur 14, p. 192-197 and p. 212-215. ('New molluscs from the Pliocene of Java') Oostingh, C.H. (1934)- Aanteekeningen over eenige bivalven uit het Neogeen van Java. De Ingen. in Nederl.Indie,1, 4, p. IV.19-IV.22. ('Notes on some bivalves from the Neogene of Java'. On Mio-Pliocene Metis and Cardilia from various localities on Java) Oostingh, C.H. (1934)- Die Cardiiden aus dem Cheribonien von Bentasari in Tegal, Java. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 1, 5, p. 76-78. ('The cardiids from the Cheribonian of Bentasari in Tegal, Java'. Three species of Cardium-type molluscs from Pliocene of Bentarsari basin, C Java, including a Laevicardium described here for first time from Indonesia) Oostingh, G.H. (1935)- Die Mollusken des Pliozaens von Boemiajoe (Java). Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 26, p. 1-247. (‘Molluscs from the Pliocene of Bumi Ayu, Java’)


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Oostingh, C.H. (1938)- Die Mollusken des Pliocaens von Sud-Bantam in Java- parts 1-5). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 5, 2, 4, p. 17-33 (= prt 1); 5, 3, 4, p. 35-47 (= prt 2); 5, 4, 4, p. 49-60 (= prt 3); 5, 7, 4, p. 105-115 (= prt 4); 5, 8, 4, p. 119-129 (= prt 5). (‘Molluscs from the Pliocene of South Bantam, Java’; series of 10 papers) Oostingh, C.H. (1939)- Die Mollusken des Pliocaens von Sud-Bantam in Java- parts 6-9. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 6, 1, 4, p. 7-16 (part 6); 6, 4, 4, p. 43-51 (part 7); 6, 8, 4, p. 103-119 (part 8); 6, 12, 4, p. 163-187 (part 9). (‘Molluscs from the Pliocene of South Bantam, Java’; parts 6-9) Oostingh, C.H. (1940)- Die Mollusken des Pliocaens von Sud-Bantam in Java- part 10. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 7, 4, 4, p. 45-60. (‘Molluscs from the Pliocene of South Bantam, Java’; last of series of 10 papers) Oostingh, C.H. (1939)- Note on the stratigraphical relations between some Pliocene deposits in Java. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 9, IV, p. 140-141. Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1931)- Voorlopige stratigrafische indeeling van Java. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie (1920), Alg. Ged., p. 40-48. (‘Provisional stratigraphic subdivision of Java’) Oppenoorth, W.F.F. & H. Gerth (1929)- The Upper Eocene Nanggoelan Beds near Djogjakarta. Fourth Pacific Sci. Congr. Java 1929, Bandung, Excursion Guide D1, 20p. (Overview of geology and fauna of ~200m thick Middle Eocene section of Nanggulan, ~20 km W of Yogyakarta. Three levels: basal quartz sandstone (>80m; marine transgression; Axinea= Glycymeris Beds) with a 1m thick coal bed and layers rich in Nummulites (Djokdjokartae Beds), overlain by marls with Discocyclina and tuffs (Discocyclina Beds), overlain by andesitic sandstone, also with Discocyclina. Eocene intruded and overlain by by E Miocene 'Old Andesites') Osberger, R. (1953)- Die Manganerz Lagerstatte Burahol bei Karangnunggal auf Java. In: Skizzen zum Antlitz der Erde, Festschrift Kober, Vienna, p. 336-353. ('The manganes ore deposit Burahol near Karangnunggal on Java'. On manganese deposits S of Tasikmalaya, C Java. Mainly nodules in limestone?) Osberger, R. (1954)- Research on fossil corals from Java. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 110, p. 201-207. (Work on corals from Bandung survey collections from four localities on Java: Geger Tjabe (C Java, SE of Tegal; Pliocene reef), Pamitran (SW of Nyalindung, SW Java; M-U Miocene), Djunggrangan (E Miocene) and Punung (Southern Mountains, C Java, NW of Pacitan; M Miocene) Osberger, R. (1954)- Jungtertiare Korallen von Java, Teil I. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Palaont. Abh. 100, 1, p. 119158. (’Young Tertiary corals from Java, part 1’) Osberger, R. (1955)- Jungtertiare Korallen von Java, Teil II. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Palaont. Abh. 101, 1, p. 3974. (’Young Tertiary corals from Java, part 2’) Osberger, R. (1955)- Beschreibung einiger tertiarer Korallen von Java. Neues Jb. Geol. Palaont. Monatsh., 1955, 6, p. 252.256. ('Description of some Tertiary corals of Java') Paltrinieri, F., P. Saint-Marc & B. Situmorang (1976)- Stratigraphic and paleogeographic evolution during Cenozoic time in Western Indonesia. SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1976, Paper 10, p. 1-29.


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(Overview of W Indonesia Cenozoic stratigraphy and paleogeography. In W Indonesia two phases of sedimentation, Eocene- to early M Miocene and late M Miocene- Late Pliocene. Three major orogenic events: early Tertiary, early M Miocene, Plio-Pleistocene) Paltrinieri, F., S. Sajekti & Suminta (1976)- Biostratigraphy of the Jatibungkus section (Lokulo area) in Central Java. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 195-204. (Continuous M Eocene/P14- Earliest Oligocene/P17 Jatibungkus section in Lukulo area, C Java. Eocene Jatibungkus reefal Limestone with Discocyclina- Pellatispira (LBF zone Tb) 82m thick, between pF zones P14P15. This is relatively coherent package in overall chaotic olistostrome area. Late Eocene faulting/ uplift event, tied to S-ward shift of subduction zone) Pandita, H. & S. Pambudi (2007)- Study trace fossil at Sambipitu Formation in Nglipar Area. Proc. Joint Conv. 32nd HAGI, 36th IAGI, and 29th IATMI, Bali, JCB2007-014, 9p. (Study of trace fossils of M Miocene (N12-N13) turbiditic Sambipitu Fm in two sections in Nglipar Area, S Mountains. Common trace fossils, including Chondrites, Rhizocorallium and Thalassinoides. Three facies: Cruziana, Zoophycos and Cruziana-Skolithos facies. Cruziana facies present in Kedungkeris section in E, but not in Ngalang section in W, suggesting deeper paleoenvironment of lower part of Sambipitu Fm in West) Panjaitan, J.P. & B.D. Sugihartoko (2007)- Porosity development and diagenetic study at Parigi Formation, Well JPP-14 “Karina Field” North West Java Basin based on wireline log and petrography data. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-SG-020, 6 p. (Characterization of porosity and diagenesis of Parigi Fm carbonate in JPP-14 well, Karina Field) Pannekoek, A. (1936)- Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Altmiocenen Molluskenfauna von Rembang (Java). Ph.D. Thesis Univ. of Amsterdam, 80 p. ('Contributions to the knowledge of the Early Miocene mollusk fauna of Rembang (Java)'. Descriptions of Early Miocene mollusks, mainly from Sedang oil concession, Rembang zone, NE Java. Little or no stratigraphy) Pannekoek, A.J. (1938)- De geomorphologie van het West-Progo gebergte. Jaarverslag Topogr. Dienst Ned.Indie 34, p. 1-30. (‘The geomorphology of the W Progo Mountains', C Java) Pannekoek, A.J. (1946)- Geomorfologische waarnemingen op het Djampang-Plateau in West Java. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. LXIII, 3, p. 340-367. (Geomorphology of Jampang Plateau, SW Java. Eocene with quartz sandstones but no volcanics, strongly folded before deposition of widespread Miocene volcanoclastic sediments. Folded E-M Miocene (E Miocene Jampang series andesitic breccias and tuffs and M Miocene Cimandiri series) unconformably overlain by Late Miocene volcanoclastics). Uplift and tilting of Jampang region in M Pleistocene) Pannekoek, A.J. (1948)- Enige karstterreinen in Indonesie. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 66, p. 209214. (‘Some karst terrains in Indonesia’, including Central-East Java Southern Mountains) Pannekoek, A.J. (1949)- Outline of the geomorphology of Java. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 66, p. 270-326. (Rel. extensive discussion of geomorphologic zones and features of W, C and E Java) Park, R.K., A. Matter, P.C. Tonkin (1995)- Porosity evolution in the Batu Raja carbonates of the Sunda Basin windows of opportunity. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p.163-184. (Much of E Miocene Batu Raja carbonate porosity of meteoric freshwater leaching origin, assssociated with 4th and 5th order cycles of sea level change. Composite LBR facies map Krisna-Yvonne area)


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Park, R.K., C.T. Siemers & A.A. Brown (1992)- Holocene carbonate sedimentation, Pulau Seribu, Java Sea- the third dimension. In: C.T. Siemers, M.W. Longman et al. (eds.) Carbonate rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia: a Core workshop. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 2-1 to 2-39. (Shallow core holes Thousand Islands show ~30m of coral-dominated carbonate, formed mainly between 10,000- 4,500 yrs BP) Parkinson, C.D., K. Miyazaki, K. Wakita, A.J. Barber & D.A. Carswell (1998)- An overview and tectonic synthesis of the pre-Tertiary very-high-pressure metamorphic and associated rocks of Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Island Arc 7, 1-2, p. 184-200. (High-pressure metamorphic rocks in Cretaceous accretionary complexes of Java, Sulawesi and SE Kalimantan. Predominantly low-intermediate metamorphic grade and 110-120 Ma K-Ar radiometric ages. Metamorphic rocks exhumed from greater depths include eclogite and jadeite-glaucophane-quartz rock in Luk Ulo, C Java. Many of the metamorphic rocks recrystallized in N-dipping subduction zone at margin of Sundaland craton in Early Cretaceous. Exhumation may have been facilitated by the collision of Gondwanan continental fragment with Sundaland margin at ~120-115 Ma) Partakusuma, A. & M. Effendi (1977)- Production of Jatibarang volcanic rock. Proc. First Asean Conference, p. 377-384. Patmosukismo, S. & I. Yahya (1974)- The basement configuration of the Northwest Java area. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 129-152. Pendowo, B. (1991)- The geology of the Besuki quadrangle, East Java (Quadrangle 1600-3), 1: 100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. 10p. Perdana, L.A., Amrizal & I.G.B.E Sucipta (2008)- The P-T path of metamorphic rocks from Karangsambung area, Kebumen, Central Java. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 139-147. (Lok Ulo Cretaceous tectonic melange complex consists of dismembered ophiolites, sedimentary rocks, and schists and gneisses as tectonic slabs in black-shale matrix. High pressure metamorphism in Karangsambung area produced metamorphic rock between glaucophane blueschist and eclogite, formed at depth of ~35-50 km. Eclogites were subducted to ~70 km depth at geothermal gradient of ~6 C°/km) Permana, A.K. (2007)- Studi sikuen stratigrafi anggota atas formasi Cibulakan, Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 2, p. 219-231. (Sequence stratigraphy study of short cored interval in Cibulakan Fm of well 'M-13', NW Java Basin) Permana, G.A., M.A. Nurwibowo, R. Kapid & A.H. Harsolumakso (2004)- Paleogeographic evolution of the North-West Kebumen sub-basin, Central Java, Indonesia. Int. Symposium Geologic Evolution of East and Southeast Asia, Bangkok 2004, p. Permana, H., P.S. Putra, A.F. Ismayanto, I. Setiawan, M. Hendrizan & M.M. Mukti (2010)- Perkembangan cekungan antar-busur di daerah Majalengka- Banyumas: sejarah tektonik kompleks di wilayah batas konvergensi. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-232, 8p. ('Intra-arc basin development in the region of Majalengka-Banyumas: complex tectonic history in convergent margin'. Majalengka - Banyumas area M- L Miocene intra-arc basin with E-W and NW-SE structural grains parallel to postulated intra-arc basin, which could be responsible for development of sub-basins and volcanic products through splay or duplex fault or pull apart related to oblique subduction. Middle-Late Miocene submarine-fan complex . Basin now inverted and forms mountain range) Permanadewi, S. & K. Hardjadinata (1992)- Batuan metasedimen daerah Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 15, p. 45-57. ('Metasedimentary rocks of the Banjarnegara area, Central Java'. Rocks in Luk Ulo mélange commonly affected by low grade metamorphism, especially feldspatthic and arkosic greywackes)


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Pertamina BPPKA (1996)- Petroleum geology of Indonesian basins; principles, methods and application. Vol. 3, West Java Sea Basins, 132 p. Pertamina BPPKA (1996)- Petroleum geology of Indonesian basins- principles, methods and application. Vol 4, East Java basins. Jakarta, 107 p. Peterson, E. (2006)- Interactive digital field mapping and Neogene tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Kendeng and Rembang deformed zones East-Central Java. Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis, San Diego State University, p. 1-82. Phillips, T.L., R.A. Noble & F.F. Sinartio (1991)- Origin of hydrocarbons, Kangean Block Northern platform, offshore northeast Java Sea. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 637- 662. (Oil in JS 53 and gas in Pagerungan from Eocene and older source rocks in E-W trending kitchen between fields. Late Eocene Ngimbang Fm coals and carbonaceous shales correlated to oil at JS 53 and condensate at Pagerungan. Paleocene-M Eocene Pre-Ngimbang Fm probable gas source at Pagerungan. Cretaceous sediments overmature and non-generative. Seismic shows E-W trending syncline in Cretaceous and PreNgimbang N of Pagerungan, with N limb subcropping beneath JS53 and Igangan-1, S limb subcrops beneath Pagerungan. Ngimbang and Pre-Ngimbang at maximum burial today in syncline. Hydrocarbon generation triggered by sedimentation associated with Late Miocene N-S compressional event. As Pagerungan anticline rose, sediments shed to N filled synclinal trough, triggering hydrocarbon generation/ migration) Phipps, C.V.G. & H.H. Roberts (1988)- Seismic characteristics and accretion history of Halimeda bioherms on Kalukalukuang Bank, eastern Java Sea (Indonesia). Coral Reefs 6, p. 149-159. (Extensive areas of Halimeda bioherms formed on Kalukalukuang Bank (K-Bank), 50 km E of Sunda Shelf margin in E Java Sea. K-Bank is isolated limestone platform whose top slopes from ~20 m water depth in N to ~100 m in S. K-Bank relatively flat top with marginal banks of suspected Pleistocene origin as interpreted from seismic relationships) Piccoli, G. (ed.) (2001)- New studies on the Cenozoic fossil fauna of Nanggulan (Java Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 53, p. 15-65. (Collection of ten short papers by Italian students on Middle Eocene stratigraphy and molluscs of Nanggulan section, 20km W of Yogyakarta) Piccoli, G. & Premonowati (2001)- New studies about molluscs from Eocene of Nanggulan (Java Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 53, p. 17-22. (Nanggulan exceptionally rich Eocene mollusc faunas, known since Verbeek & Fennema 1896. 300m thick mudstone-dominated section, subdivided into Axinea Beds at base, (Nummulites) Djokjokartae Beds in middle and Discocyclina Beds at top, and mainly of Middle Eocene age) Piccoli G. & E. Savazzi (1984)- Five shallow benthic faunas from the Upper Eocene (Baron, France; Priabona, Italy; Garoowe, Somalia; Nanggulan, Java; Takashima, Japan). Boll. Soc. Paleont. Italiana 22, p. 31-47. Pireno, G.E. (2004)- Deep-water petroleum systems of the Southern Basin, North Lombok, Indonesia. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier exploration in Asia and Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, p. 321-332. (Southern basin is Early Tertiary NE-SW and E-W half-graben, with sedimentation starting with M Eocene lacustrine sediments. Marine incursion started in mid Late Eocene. Inversion events in Late Eocene, midOligocene and Plio-Pleistocene. L46-1 well tested oil in Eocene non-marine sandstone) Poedjopradjitno, S., J. Wahyudiono & A. Cita (2007)- Peran morfologi struktur kaitannya dengan deformasi landform daerah Semarang Selatan. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 1, p. 49-59. (Landforms of South Semarang area strongly effected by Quaternary tectonic activity)


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Poggiagliolmi, E., V.R. Checka, R.C. Roe & R. Purantoro (1988)- Reservoir petrophysics of Bima Field, N.W. Java Sea. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc, p. 359-373. (Mapping of porosity on petrophysically calibrated seismic data. Bima Field large field in Miocene Baturaja Fm carbonate buildup on flank of N-S trending basement high and underlying Talang Akar Fm sandstones) Polhaupessy, A.A. (1980)- The palynological study of ancient lake Bandung- a preliminary report. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 3, p. 19-23. Polhaupessy, A.A. (1981)- Quaternary vegetational history of Batujaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 5, p. 30-36. Polhaupessy, A.A. (1999)- Palynological evidence for a Pleistocene environment in Trinil, East Java. In: Proc. 35th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Subic Bay 1998, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 299-308. (Two pollen zones distinguished in Pleistocene of Trinil (site of first Homo erectus in C Java) Pucangan Fm rel. low diversity grass-dominated terrestrial vegetation and lacustrine fresh water plants; Lower Kabuh Fm higher diversity mixed freshwater swamp and terrestrial vegetation, perhaps suggesting slightly drier climate than today) Polhaupessy, A.A. (1999)- Quaternary palynological study of the Trinil area, East Jawa. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 9, p. 1-7. Ponto, C.V., C.H. Wu, A. Pranoto & W.H. Stinson (1988)- Improved interpretation of the Talang Akar depositional environment as an aid to hydrocarbon exploration in the ARII Offshore Northwest Java contract area: Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 397-422. (Oligocene Talang Akar Fm previous facies interpretation deltaic and marine. New interpretation determined four environments: continental, delta complex, shore zone and shelf. Delta complex and shore zone good source and reservoir potential. Four stages in Talang Akar Fm depositional history) Ponto, C.V., C.H. Wu, A. Pranoto & W.H. Stinson (1989)- Controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Main, Massive sandstones of the Upper Cibulakan Formation, Offshore Northwest Java Basin. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geol. Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta, 1987, IAGI, p. 345- 361. (M Miocene Upper Cibulakan E-M Miocene ‘Massive’ and ‘Main’ hydrocarbons controlled by depositional facies (deltaic and shelfal) and mature Oligocene source rock distribution. Four cycles of delta progradation from northern source) Posamentier. H.W. (2001)- Lowstand alluvial bypass systems: incised vs. unincised. AAPG Bull. 85, 10, p. 1771-1793. (Miocene unincised and Pleistocene incised valleys imaged on 3D seismic on shelf offshore NW Java) Posamentier. H.W. (2002)- Ancient shelf ridges- a potentially significant component of the transgressive systems tract: case study from offshore northwest Java. AAPG Bull. 86, 1, p. 75-106. (3-D seismic of Miocene off NW Java shows extensive shelf ridge deposits: linear bodies 0.3 - 2.0 km wide, >20 km long, and up to 17 m high. Features asymmetric, characteristically sharp-edged and thicker on one side. Shelf ridge deposits tend to be sand prone and overlie ravinement surfaces. Ridges oriented parallel with axes of broad paleoembayments associated with structural fabric of basin. Ridges formed as result of erosion and reworking of sand-prone deltaic and/or coastal-plain deposits by shelf tidal currents, immediately after shoreline transgression. These deposits migrated across ancient sea floor, represent important component of transgressive systems tract, and have significant exploration potential.) Posamentier, H.W. & P. Laurin (2005)- Seismic geomorphology of Oligocene to Miocene carbonate buildups offshore Madura, Indonesia. SEG 2005 Ann. Mtg., 4p. (extended abstract) (Buildups N of Madura range from small patch reefs to platforms with outliers, and tide influenced elongate large patch reefs in Kujung 2, Kujung 1, and Wonocolo Fms. Clastic low-angle clinoforms from NNW beween


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deposition of Kujung 1 and Wonocolo Fms. Post Wonocolo basin subaerially exposed and veneered by fluvial systems. Small Kujung 2 patch-reef buildups <120- 500 m wide. Across platform 100’s of small circular buildups, with ~25-40 m of relief. Larger Kujung 1 patch reefs coalesced to form NW-SE trending platform. Buildups within platform 600m- 2 km diameter and 200-300 m thick. Smaller patch reefs 60-120 m diameter at tops of buildups. Large build-ups off platform, up to 400m thick with diameters 1- 6.5 km. Anastamosing 200m deep- 650m wide channels normal to platform and terminate at buildup margin. Wonocolo buildups larger than Kujung buildups and have clinoform architecture: circular to elliptical, 4-10 km wide and up to 20 km long, separated by 1.2-2.5 km wide tidal channels) Posamentier, H.W., P. Laurin, A. Warmath, M. Purnama & D. Drajat (2010)- Seismic stratigraphy and geomorphology of Oligocene to Miocene carbonate buildups offshore Madura, Indonesia. In: W.A. Morgan, A.D. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 175-194. (Images of Miocene carbonate landscapes from 3D seismic off N Madura. Buildups range from small patch reefs to platforms with outliers. Tide-influenced elongate large patch reefs in Kujung 2 and K 1 and Wonocolo Fms. Clastics low-angle clinoforms from NNW. Top Wonocolo Fm subaerially exposed and site of densely spaced fluvial systems. Hundreds of small circular buildups of Kujung 2 range from 120 m- 500m in diameter, and 25-40 m of relief. Larger circular to elliptical patch reefs of Kujung 1 coalesced to form NW-SE trending platform. Buildups within platform 600m- 2 km wide and 200-300m thick. Smaller patch reefs at tops of buildups. Large buildups form off platform, up to 400 m thick, 1-6.5 km wide. Anastamosing channels up to 200m deep and 650m wide, normal to platform. Woncolo buildups larger than Kujung (4-10 km wide, 20 km long), with internal clinoforms and separated from each other by tidal channels 1.2–2.5 km wide) Posamentier, H.W.,W. Suyenaga, D. Rufaida, R. Meyrick & S.G. Pemberton (1998)- Stratigraphic analysis of the Main Member of the upper Cibulakan Formation at E field, offshore northwest Java, Indonesia. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 129-153. (Amplitudes in Upper Cibulakan Fm at E Field show E-W trending channel, likely deltaic. Biostratigraphic and sedimentologic data indicate open marine channel-fill. Main Member imaging reveals sand fields or patches, interpreted as sand waves migrating across a transgressive surface of erosion) Pozzobon, M. (2001)- Some Eocene molluscs from Nanggulan and a new species of Cyclina (Bivalvia) in the Miocene mollusc assemblage from Panggang (Java, Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 53, p. 36-40. (Listings of mollusces from M Eocene of lower Nanggulan Fm at Kalisonggo (14 gastropod species; 21% in common with Tethys) and from Early Miocene 'back-reef' limestones of lower Wonosari Fm at Panggang, 21 km SSW of Yogyakarta (17 gastropod, 14 bivalve species; no Tethyan connections; all Indo-West Pacific)) Prakoso, A., I.F. Firdaus & S. Sutiyono (2010)- Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA10-G-010, 6p. (Ujung Pangkah Field 1998 oil-gas discovery off NE Java, N of Solo River delta. Reservoir Early Miocene platform margin carbonate reef build-up with complex reservoir properties and common faulting/ fractures. Fracture density decays quickly in about 200 ft from main faulting zone; prevailing fracture direction NE-SW) Pramono H., C.H.C. Wu & R.A. Noble (1990)- A new oil kitchen and petroleum bearing subbasin in the Offshore Northwest Java Area. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 253-278. (North Seribu Trough, offshore NW Java, is hydrocarbon generative center. NST oils differ from established oil families of Ardjuna Subbasin and S Seribu Trough and probably generated from lacustrine facies of Talang Akar Fm in central NST depocenter) Pramono, W. & H. Amijaya (2008)- Geochemical characteristic of oil seepage in Bantal area, Semarang, Central Java. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Bandung, 1, p. 691-704. (Bantal area 35 km SE of Semarang at W end of Kendeng zone oil seeps. Geochemical analysis shows n-alkane high in C8-C15 and C25-C28, Pristane/Phytane ratio >1, etc.. Oil from mixed kerogen with algal and higher plants, deposited in lacustrine environment. Oil degraded. Ppossible source rock is shale below Pelang Fm)


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Praptisih & Kamtono (2011)- Fasies turbidit Formasi Halang di daerah Ajibarang, Jawa Tengah. J. Geol. Indonesia 6, 1, p. 13-27. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/299) ('Turbidite Facies of the Halang Fm in the Ajibarang Area, Central Java'. M Miocene- E Pliocene Halang Fm turbidites N of Cilacap deposited in middle fansetting submarine fan system. Clastic source from SSW) Praptisih, Kamtono, P.S. Putra & M. Hendrizan (2009)- Karakteristik batuan sumber (source rock) hidrokarbon pada Formasi Batuasih di daerah Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. J. Geol. Indonesia 4, 3, p. 167-175. (Oligocene Batu Asih Fm claystone in Sukabumi area, W Java, poor to fair organic richness and gas prone) Praptisih, Kamtono, P. Sulastya & M. Hendrizan (2010)- Studi batuan induk di daerah Padalarang dan sekitarnya, Jawa Barat. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-325, 8p. ('Study of source rocks in the Padalarang area'. Oligocene claystone Member of Rajamandala Fm shows TOC value 0,50- 1,17 %, fair- good for hydrocarbons. T max 422- 524 °C, indicating one sample is mature and 10 immature. Rock Eval analysis shows HI values from 63- 113 mg HC/g) Praptisih & M.S. Siregar (200?)- Petrografi dan fasies batugamping Formasi Wonosari di daerah Bayat, Jawa Tengah. In: Sumberdaya geologi daerah istimewa Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah, Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia, Pengda DIY-Jateng, p. 32-40. ('Petrography and limestone facies of the Wonosari Fm in the Bayat area, C Java') Praptisih & M.S. Siregar (2007)- The hydrocarbon source rock potential of the Rambatan Formation in the Banjarnegara area, Central Java. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Denpasar, p. Praptisih & M.S. Siregar (2011)- Fasies carbonat Formasi Campurdarat di daerah Tulungagung, Jawa Timur. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-236, 9p. ('Carbonate facies of the Campurdarat Formation in the Tulungagung area, E Java'. Facies of E-M Miocene limestone in S Mountains) Praptisih, S. Siregar & Kamtono (2004)- Studi fasies batugamping di daerah Tasikmalaya dan sekitarnya, Jawa Barat. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 52-59. (M and Late Miocene reefal limestone in Tasikmalaya area; not much stratigraphic detail) Praptisih, S. Siregar & Kamtono (2008)- Study fasies batugamping Eosen di daerah Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 208-211. ('Study of Eocene limestone facies in the Banjarnegara area, C Java'. Late Eocene limestone at Gunung Karang in Wora-Wari area is >10m thick olistolith in Oligocene Totogan Formation. Foraminiferal packstonegrainstone facies and boundstone facies with Nummulites, Asterocyclina, Discocyclina, Spiroclypeus, Pellatispira, red algae, etc., deposited in fore-reef facies Prasetyadi, C. (2007)- Evolusi tektonik Paleogen Jawa Bagian Timur. Doct. Thesis ITB, Bandung, 323p. (‘Paleogene tectonic evolution of East Java’) Prasetyadi, C. (2008)- Provenan batupasir Eosen Jawa bagian Timur. Proc. 37th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 80-97. ('Eocene sandstone provenance in East Java'. Eocene sediments in E half of Java at Luk Ulo-Karangsambung, Nanggulan, Bayat and in E Java basin. 37 outcrop samples range from arkosic to arenitic sst, with quartz as dominant component (av. 65% range 35-98%), felspar 2-27%, lithics 2-45%. Metamorphic rock grains dominate in most samples. Data suggest two different provenance areas: recycled orogen in Karangsambung and craton interior in Nanggulan, Bayat and E Java basin. Karangsambung lies in accretionary basement area, Nanggulan-Bayat in continental basement area (E margin of E Java microcontinent?) Prasetyadi, C., A.H. Harsolumakso, B. Sapiie & J. Setiawan (2002)- Tectonic significance of pre-Tertiary rocks of Jiwo Hill, Bayat and Luk Ulo, Karangsambung areas in Central Java: a comparative review. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 2, p. 680-700.


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Prasetyadi, C. & M. Maha (2004)- Jiwo Hills, Bayat-Klaten: a possible Eocene-origin paleohigh. Jurnal Ilmu Kebumian Teknologi Min. (UPN, Yogyakarta) V, 17, 2, p. 61-64. Prasetyadi, C., E.R. Suparka, A.H. Harsolumakso & B. Sapiie (2005)- Eastern Java basement rock study: preliminary results of recent field study in Karangsambung and Bayat areas. Proc. 34th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya, p. 310- 321. (Karangsambung basement mid-Cretaceous- Paleocene subduction complex, characterized by tectonic block-in matrix structure. Melange structural dip mostly to S-SE, opposite of expected for NW-dipping subduction zone, therefore interpreted as overturned. Melange overlain by Eocene clastics. Bayat basement mostly phyllite and schists of unknown age, unconformably overlain by Eocene and M Miocene sediments) Prasetyadi, C., E.R. Suparka, A.H. Harsolumakso & B. Sapiie (2006)- An overview of Paleogene stratigraphy of the Karangsambung area, Central Java: discovery of new type of Eocene rock. Proc. Int. Geosci. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta 2006, 06-PG-09, 4p. (First record of Early Eocene larger forams in metamorphosed tectonic mélange and also M-L Eocene limestone blocks, suggesting Late Eocene (collisional?) deformation after Cretaceous- Paleocene subductionrelated deformation. E Eocene metasedimentary unit generally dips to S) Prasetyadi, C., E.R. Suparka, A.H. Harsolumakso & B. Sapiie (2006)- The occurrence of a newly found Eocene tectonic melange in Karangsambung area, Central Java. Proc. 35th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, 16 p. (Discovery of M Eocene Asterocyclina-bearing limestone blocks in polymict Larangan Complex at N side of Luk Ulo Melange complex indicates age of tectonic melange not only Cretaceous-Paleocene, but also M-L Eocene. Shifting of NE-SW Cretaceous subduction trend to Oligocene E-W trend due to collision of microcontinent. Two deformation phases prior to onset of ‘Old Andesite’ subduction-related volcanism: Cretaceous-Paleocene subduction-related and Late Eocene post subduction (collisonal?) deformation) Prasetyadi, C., E.R. Suparka, A.H. Harsolumakso & B. Sapiie (2006)- The Larangan Complex: a newly found Eocene tectonic melange rock in Karangsambung area, Central Java, Indonesia. Proc. 17th Int. Geol. Congr., Fukuoka,1 p. (Abstract; in press?) Prasetyanto, I.W., Widodo & D. Wintolo (1997)- Gold mineralization in Selogiri-Wonogiri, Central Java (Indonesia). Proc. 17th Ann. Conf. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. Prasetyo, H. (1992)- The Bali-Flores Basin: geological transition from extensional to subsequent compressional deformation. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 455-478. (Young back-arc thrusting N of Bali-Lombok-Flores, showing oceanic crust of Flores basin currently closing) Prasetyo, H. & B. Dwiyanto (1986)- Single channel seismic reflection study of the eastern Sunda backarc basin, North central Flores, Indonesia. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 2,1, p. 3-11. Prasetyo, H. & L. Sarmili (1994)- Structural and tectonic development of West-East Indonesian backarc transition zone; implications for hydrocarbon prospect. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 9, 2, p. 23-60. (W-E Indonesian Backarc Transition Zone (WEIBTZ) in E Sunda Arc System between Makassar Strait to N Bali and to E by NW-SE trending submarine ridge N of Flores. Tectonic phases: 1. Paleocene rifting; 2. M Miocene and younger basement-involved inversion to form "Sunda Folds", related to collision of Buton micro-continent with Sulawesi arc. 3. Flexure of SE Sunda shield margin to S beneath volcanic ridge; 4. Neogene back arc foldthrust zone, associated with Australian margin-Banda Arc collision and subduction of Roo Rise oceanic plateau in Sunda Trench S of Bali. Westward transition from well-defined accretionary wedge to fold structural styles indicates W-ward decrease in shortening. Back arc thrusting N of Lombok reflects initial stage of arc polarity reversal, in which oceanic crust of Flores Sea subducted S-ward beneath arc, while Bali Basin represents analog of initial stage of foreland fold-thrust belt. Back arc region of E Sunda arc currently closing)


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Prasetyo, H., Y.R. Sumantri, B. Situmorang & S. Wirasantosa (1995)- The 'Doang Borderland System' in the Southeast Sunda Shield margin: implications for hydrocarbon prospect in the eastern Indonesia frontier region. In: Int. Seminar on the sea and its environments, Ujung Pandang 1995, p. (Seismic, gravity, drill-holes, side-scan seafloor mapping and Airborne Laser Flourescensor data used to determine geologic-tectonic development of “Doang Borderland System”, a NE-SW and E-W series of ridges and deep basins in Eastern Sunda Backarc. Basement consists of mixed oceanic, continental and Paleogene volcanic rocks, suggesting multiphase deformation. At least five geologic- tectonic episodes: (1) Some of PreTertiary and economic basement show compressive regime (subduction/ collision); (2) Most of DBS Paleogene extensional regime; (3) extensional regime inverted to form”Sunda Fold” structures; (4) Flexural downbowing to S of SE Sunda Shield margin (N basin margin) alongN Sunda volcanic ridge; and (5) Backarc fold-thrusting since Neogene, associated with Australian margin- Sunda Arc collision and Roo Rise (oceanic plateau) subduction in Sunda Trench. Back arc portion of the DBS currently closing and will form suture zone in future) Prasetyo, T., Sugeng H. & W. Djatmiko (1997)- First screening method use in low contrast low resistivity pay evaluation of the upper Cibulakan reservoirs in the L Field offshore Northeast Java. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 58-70. Prastistho, B. (1992)- New data on ages of the Muria Complex, Java. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 507-516. Pratomo, K.H., A. Sudjai, A. Bachtiar, M. Syaiful, D. Rahayu, P.H. Narendra et al. (2009)- Tuban and Camar troughs (East Java basin) revival: new insight. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang, PITIAGI2009-189, 4p. (Tuban and Camar Troughs in Offshore NE Java Basin surrounded by dry holes and generally condemned as lean, shallow and inadequate hydrocarbon kitchens. Recent well post-mortem re-evaluation and remapping of kitchens modifies understanding of petroleum system. Oil shows present in Tuban-1 and other dry-holes may also have oil- gas show. Re-mapping of Tuban and Camar kitchen area better understanding of development of Pre-CD lacustrine-fluvial-deltaic source rock in these lows) Premonowati, I. (1990)- Pliocene mollusca from Kalibiuk and Damar Formations in Semarang area of Central Jawa, Indonesia. Bul. Jurusan Geol. (Inst. Tekn. Bandung) 20, p. 37-49. Premonowati (1996)- Biostratigrafi dan spesiesasi koral Formasi Rajamandala, Jawa Barat. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 31-51. ('Coral biostratigraphy of the Rajamandala Formation'. Late Oligocene, W Java) Premonowati (1998)- Identifikasi perubahan terumbu terhadap fluktuasi muka laut Formasi Paciran daerah Tuban - Jatim. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 37-47. (On identification of sea level fluctuations in Paciran Fm reefal limestones, Tuban area, E Java) Premonowati (2001)- Geologi Formasi Paciran- daerah pantai utara Jawa Timur. Majalah Geol. Indonesia 16, 1, p. 1-14. ('Geology of the Paciran Formation in the area of the East Java north coast'. Facies study of Paciran Fm reefal limestone along N coast of NE Java shows 5 eustatic cycles. Age here shown as Late Miocene- Holocene) Premonowati (2005)- Stratigrafi terumbu Formasi Paciran daerah Tuban. Ph.D. Thesis Inst. Tekn. Bandung, p. 1-291. ('Reef stratigraphy of the Paciran Formation in the Tuban area’. Plio-Pleistocene Paciran carbonate platform formed since 4 Ma (N19). Twelve reefal units, each 25- 50 m thick. Reefs 1- 9 indicate rhytmic rel. sea level changes; Reef 7 is maximum flooding surface, Reefs 9- 12 indicate sea level drop. Reef 1 deposited in Zone N18, Reef 2 at 5 Ma (Zone N19), and Reef 12 (youngest) 6000 years ago in last interglacial. Tectonic uplift caused Paciran Fm outcrops at 335m above sea level now)


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Premonowati, R.P. Koesoemadinata, Harsono Pringgoprawiro & W.S. Hantoro (1999)- Stratifikasi ekologi terumbu Holosen Formasi Paciran: kasus di Tanjung Kodok, Lamongan, Jawa Timur. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 3, p. 57-74. ('Ecological stratification in the Holocene reef of Paciran Formation; a case study from Tanjung Kodok, Lamongan, East Java') Premonowati, R.P. Koesoemadinata, Harsono Pringgoprawiro & W.S. Hantoro (2000)- Paciran reef stratigraphy, Tuban area, East Java, based on accumulative induction methods approach. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 4, p. 61-68. (Large Paciran reef complex of NE Java 5 phases of growth in Pliocene- Recent, based on terrace morphology, paleosoil distribution, etc.) Premonowati, R.P. Koesoemadinata, Harsono Pringgoprawiro & W.S. Hantoro (2005)- Stratigrafi terumbu Formasi Paciran daerah Tuban. Jurnal Tekn. Miner. (ITB) 12, 1, p. (Summary of Premonowati thesis work on Pleistocene Paciran limestone, Tuban area, NE Java) Premonowati, R.P. Koesoemadinata, Harsono Pringgoprawiro & W.S. Hantoro (2004)- Stratigrafi isotop oksigen dan karbon dari Formasi Paciran Jawa Timur. In: I. Zulkarnain et al. (eds.) Proc. Seminar on Nuclear Geology and Mining Resources, Jakarta 2004, p. 208-219. ('Oxygen and Carbon isotope stratigraphy of Paciran Fm, East Java'. Oxygen and carbon isotopes analyzed from 25 samples of unaltered calcite, to determine paleotemperature fluctuations and to validate sea level changes of Reef 1 to Reef 17 units from 4 Ma- now. Early reef formtion (reef 1 to reef 3 between 4- 2,9 Ma. From reef 4 - Reef 8 (2.6- 1.4 Ma) stagnant temperatures and almost warmer condition. After that drastic rise in paleotemperature) Premonowati, R.P. Koesoemadinata, H. Pringgoprawiro & W.S. Hantoro (2006)- Model of reef development in response to sea level fluctuation and isotope stratigraphy of Paciran Formation, East Java, Indonesia. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI2006-039, 7p. (Oxygen and carbon isotope analysis from Paciran limestone Fm to validate sea level changes during Reef 1Reef 12 formation between 4 Ma- Recent. Reef 1- Reef 3 (4- 2.88 Ma) temperatures warmer, Reef 4 (2.59 Ma)Reef 8 (1.4 Ma) stagnant temperature and almost warmer. Warmer conditions at reef 8-Reef 10 formation (0.7 Ma). Temperatures fluctuating until Reef 12 (E Holocene)) Premonowati, C. Prasetyadi, S. Rahardjo, J. Sinulingga, Y. Sulistiyana & D. Rukmana (2007)- Subsurface geological models of Semanggi brownfield, Cepu Block, Java. Proc. Simposium Nas. IATMI, UPN ‘Veteran’, Yogyakarta 2007, TS01, 6p. (online at: http://elib.iatmi.or.id/uploads/IATMI_2007-TS-01_Premonowati,_UPNVY.pdf) (Semanggi field 1900 BPM discovery, still producing 250 BOD from M Miocene Wonocolo IIIB (zone N8-N9) and Ngrayong VII-VIII sandstones in anticlinal structure. W block more productive than E. Ten sequences in EM Miocene U Tawun-Bulu interval. Modeled as transgressive-aggradational shallow marine sheet sands) Premonowati, B. Prastistho & I.M. Firdaus (2011)- Allostratigraphy of Punung paleoreef based on lithofacies distributions, Jlubang Area, Pacitan region, East Java. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-055, 8p. (On M Miocene Punung Fm reefal limestone in S Mountains, E Java. Dominated by red algae. Not much detail) Premonowati & W.B. Setyawan (1998)- Fasies and diagenesa batugamping Formasi Rajamandala. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 125-139. ('Facies and diagenesis of the Rajamandala Limestone Formation' (latest Oligocene, W Java)) Premonowati & W.B. Setyawan (1999)- Fasies karbonat komplek terumbu koral di Tanjung Kodok, Jawa Timur. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 3, p. 47-56. ('Carbonate facies of coral reef complex at Tanjung Kodok, East Java')


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Priadi, B. & A.S.S. Mubandi (2005)- The occurrence of plagiogranite in East Java, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya, p. Priadi, B., A.S.S. Mubandi, M.M. Wibawa, D. Osmon & I. Suroto (2005)- Geochemistry of the Tertiary low Potassium volcanics in East Java, Indonesia. Bul. Geol. 37, 1, p. 15-28. Priadi, B. & I.G.B.E. Sucipta (1998)- Tholeitic to alkaline Cenozoic magmatism in East Java Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 26-36. Priangga Utama, A., Sukandarrumicli & S. Wiyono (2005)- Genesa bentonit di kecamatan Wonosegoro Kabupaten Boyolalai, propinsi Jawa Tengah, dan rekayasa pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku produk keramik. Teknosains 18, 1, p. ('The genesis of bentonite at Wonosegoro district, Boyolali Residency, C Java, and its uses as ceramic material.' Bentonite layer in turbiditic clastics series in W Kendeng Zone fold belt, 40 km N of Boyolali, NE Java. Bentonite originated from devitrivication of pyroclastic volcanic glass) Pribadi, R. (2006)- Structural pattern and fault seal analysis of a potential hydrocarbon trap, East Java basin. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-SPG-03, 3p. (Extended Abstract) Prihatmoko (1998)- Prospectivity analysis of Java island for porphyry and epithermal deposits. M. Econ. Geol. Thesis, Univ. of Tasmania, 73p. Prihatmoko, S., A. Hendratno & A. Harijoko (2005)- Mineralization and alteration systems in Pegunungan Seribu, Gunung Kidul and Wonogiri. Proc. Joint 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 30th Indon. Assoc. Geoph. (HAGI), Surabaya, JCS2005-N090, p. 13-23. (Two as yet non-commercial mineralization/ alteration systems identified around C Java Southern mountains, i.e. Selogiri in N and Wediombo at S coast, both hosted by old volcanics and intrusives. Selogiri porphyry system considered to be formed at 1-1.5 km deeper than high-sulfidation system of Wediombo, showing N part of Seribu Mts uplifted higher than S part, probably related to development of Quaternary magmatic arc to N) Pringgoprawiro, Harsono (1968)- On the age of the Sentolo Formation based on planktonic foraminifera. Inst. Techn. Bandung, Dept. Geol. Contr. 64, p. 5-21. (Sentolo Fm overlying ‘Old Andesites’ in W Progo Mts are Burdigalian- Pliocene in age) Pringgoprawiro, Harsono (1983)- Biostratigrafi dan paleogeografi cekungan Java Timur Utara suatu pendekatan baru. Unpubl. Doct. Thesis Inst. Techn. Bandung, 239 p. (NE Java basin biostratigraphy and paleogeography) Pringgoprawiro, Harsono & Baharuddin (1980)- Biostratigrafi foraminifera plangton dan beberapa bidang pengenal Kenozoikum akhir dari sumur Tobo, Cepu, Jawa Timur. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 7, 1, p. 21-31. (Planktonic foraminifera study in shallow wells Tobo 5, 6, 8 near Cepu. Deepest well Tobo 5 penetrated Late Miocene Ledok sands-shales between 412-451 m, overlain by rel. thin (60m?), but complete Pliocene Mundu marl section. Entire section apparently deep water with rich planktonic foram faunas) Pringgoprawiro, H. & B. Riyanto (1988)- Formasi Andesite Tua: suatu revisi. Geol. Indonesia 13, 1, p.1-21. (Revision of earliest Miocene Old Andesite Formation) Pringgoprawiro, Harsono, N. Soeharsono & F.X. Sujanto (1977)- Subsurface Neogene planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy of North-West Java Basin. Geol. Res. Dev. Center Spec. Publ. 1, p.125-165. Pringgoprawiro, Harsono & Sukido (1992)- Geologic map of the Bojonegoro Quadrangle, Jawa (1500-5), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 23p.


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Pringgoprawiro, Harsono, S. Suwito P. & Roskamil (1977)- The Kromong carbonate rocks and their relationship with the Cibulakan and Parigi Formation. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 221-240. (Kromong carbonate 20 km W of Cirebon, W Java, at N tip of Kromong complex which consist mostly of andesitic intrusive rocks. Limestone belongs to Miocene Cibulakan and Parigi formations. Age of Upper Cibulakan Fm E-M Miocene Tf 1-2, Parigi limestone is Late Miocene Tf 3. Plio-Pleistocene andesitic and dacitic rocks intruded carbonates. Oil and asphalt seeps found along faults in N part of area) Prior, S.W. (1987)- Bima Field, Indonesia, a sleeping giant. In: M.K. Horn (ed.) Trans. 4th Circum Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Conf., Singapore 1986, p.199-212. (On large Bima oil field, offshore NW Java, in E Miocene Baturaja Limestone reservoir) Priyanto, B., D. Indrajaya, L.P. Siringoringo & V.A. Herliani (2009)- Miocene carbonate mound of Gunung Maindu, Tuban: an analogue model for prospective carbonate mound hydrocarbon reservoirs in the East Java basin, Indonesia. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. ( IAGI ), PITIAGI2009-047, Semarang, 11 p. (Brief discussion of E-M Miocene up to 300m (?) thick reefal carbonate mound (below Ngrayong Sandstone) at Gunung Maindu (Mahindu), Montong, W of Tuban, E Java. Not much detail) Priyanto, B., A. Ramdhani, R. Mardani & V.A. Herliani (2009)- Facies of Ngrayong Sandstone based on outcrop data and petrographic description of the Prantakan River section, Rembang zone, East Java, Indonesia. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. ( IAGI ), Semarang, PITIAGI2009-046, 1 p. (Abstract only) (M Miocene Ngrayong sandstone studied in 50m section at Prantakan River, E Java, represents regional influx of quartz sandstones in region. Multiple coarsening-upward packages. Not much detail) Priyono, R., J. Widjonarko, E. Sunardi & B. Adhiperdana (2007)- Petroleum potential of the East Java- Lombok basin, North and South Makassar Strait and offshore Kutei basin. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., G-068, 12p. (General paper promoting hydrocarbon potential) Pulunggono, A. & S. Martodjojo (1994)- Perubahan tektonik Paleogen-Neogen merupakan peristiwa tektonik penting di Jawa. In: Proc. Seminar Geologi dan Geotektonik Pulau Jawa sejak Akhir Mesozoik hingga Kuarter, Geol. Dept. Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, p. 253-274. ('Paleogene-Neogene tectonic changes important tectonic events on Java') Purantoro, R., P.J. Butterworth, J.G. Kaldi & C.D. Atkinson (1994)- A sequence stratigraphic model of the Upper Cibulakan sandstones (Main Interval), offshore Northwest Java Basin: insights from U-11 Well. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 289-306. Purnamaningsih, S. & Harsono P. (1981)- Stratigraphy and planktonic foraminifera of the Eocene- Oligocene Nanggulan Formation, Central Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Pal. Ser. 1, p. 9-28. Purnomo, A.I., N. Hadiyanto & Y. Arakawa (2010)- P wave-S wave sensitivity analysis of globigerinid carbonate in Sirasun gas field. Proc. HAGI-SEG Int. Geosci. Conf., Bali 2010, IGCE10-OP-042, 10 p. (Seismic imaging of Pliocene globigerinid packstones in Sirasun biogenic gas field, Madura Straits. Despite carbonate lithology, distinct flat spot present on seismic, indicating gas-water contact) Purnomo, E., R. Ryacudu, E. Sunardi, A. Kadarusman et al. (2006)- Petrographic compositional distinction between Jatibarang and Talang Akar Formations, Jatibarang sub-basin, North West Java basin. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, p. Purnomo, E., R. Ryacudu, E. Sunardi & R.P. Koesoemadinata (2006)- Paleogene sedimentation of the Jatibarang sub-basin and its implication for the deep play petroleum system of the onshore Northwest Java Basin, Indonesia. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosciences Conf. and Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-PG-02, 3 p. (Extended Abstract)


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Purwaningsih, M.E.M. (2003)- Demise of the Oligo-Miocene reefs of the Southern East Java Basin. Drowning events on carbonate isolated platforms. Bul. Geol. (Inst. Tekn. Bandung) 34, 3, Spec. Ed., p. 117-132. (Paleohighs on old structural grain became sites of Oligo-Miocene carbonate buildups in E Java Basin. Carbonates on basement highs of southern isolated platform of E Java Basin show similar stages of deposition. In W East Cepu High, Late Oligocene Kujung carbonate buildups shows depositional stages in SW-NE direction. Seismic stratigraphy of carbonates shows four sequences. Carbonates backstepping on previous stages, forming buildup complex within isolated platform. Generally, buildups grew away from southern marine influence. BD Ridge younger carbonates similar history to E Cepu carbonates. E Miocene carbonate buildups followed ENE- WSW paleohigh in Madura Strait. Four depositional units terminated by drowning indicated by condensed section on top of carbonates. Oligo-Miocene buildups on other isolated platforms of the southern E Java Basin similar histories: transgressive stratal pattern with local tectonic influence. Drowning events caused demise of buildups. These events may mark onset of Neogene inversion tectonic episode in this area) Purwaningsih, M.E.M., A.H. Satyana, S. Budiyani, D. Noeradi & N.M. Halik (2002)- Evolution of the Late Oligocene Kujung reef complex in the Western East Cepu High, East Java Basin: seismic sequence stratigraphic study. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya, p. 655-671. (Seismic stratigraphy of E Cepu isolated platform identified 4 sequences in Late Oligocene Kujung Fm carbonates. Deposition of upper sequences contemporaneous with tilting of platform to SW, forming NE-ward backstepping pattern. In mid E Miocene carbonate deposition ended due to clastic sedimentation and more tilting to SW) Purwanti, Y. & A. Bachtiar (2001)- Analyses of Eocene petroleum kitchen in East Java Basin: implication for prospect ranking. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 10th GEOSEA Regional Congress on Geol., Min. Energy Res., Yogyakarta 2001, p. Purwasatriya, E.B. & G. Waluyo (2010)- Studi stratigrafi pada rembesan minyak serta hubungannya dengan petroleum system di cekungan Banyumas. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PITIAGI-2010-308, 9p. ('Stratigraphic study of oil seep and its correlation to petroleum system in Banyumas Basin') Puspoputro, B. (1983)- The use of seismic data in predicting the abnormal high pressure zone for exploration drilling in Pertamina Unit E.P. III working area. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 323-343. Puspoputro. B. & E. Lubis (1992)- The geophysical case history of Rengasdengklok Area, North West Java. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 361-378. (NW Java exploration history. Improved seismic processing lead to discovery well MB-3 and success of subsequent drilling ) Putra, P.S. (2007)- Sekuen pengendapan sedimen Miosen Tengah kawasan Selat Madura. J. Riset Geologi Pertambangan 17, 1, p. 20-36. ('Seismic stratigraphy of Middle Miocene sediments in the Madura Straits area'. Seismic stratigraphy study of Middle Miocene in southern part of madura Straits) Quinif, Y. & C. Dupuis (1985)- Un karst en zone intertropicale: le Gunung Sewu a Java: aspects morphologiques et concepts evolutifs. Rev. Geomorph. Dyn. 34, 1, p. 1-16. (On morphology and evolution of karst in Gunung Sewu/ Southern Mountains, S Java) Radke, M., J. Rullkotter & S. P. Vriend (1994)- Distribution of naphthalenes in crude oils from the Java Sea: source and maturation effects. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, p. 3675-3689. (C1-C3 naphthalenes and cadalene determined in 60 crude oil samples from Java Sea and in sample of Talang Akar (Oligocene) resinite. Oils from Ardjuna and Jatibarang basins mainly derived from terrestrial sources. Transition to marine depositional environment in Sunda basin, indicated by decrease in C29 sterane relative abundance from 70 to 30%.


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Raharjo, A.T., A.A. Polhaupessy, S. Wiyono, L. Nugrahaningsi & E.B. Lelono (1994)- Zonasi pollen Tersier Pulau Jawa. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 77-87. (Java Eocene- Pliocene pollen zonation of 7 zones, calibrated to planktonic foram zonation) Rahardjo, Wartono (1982)- Depositional environment of nummulitic limestones of the Eastern Jiwo Hills, Bayat area, Central Java. Geol. Indonesia 9, 1, p. 36-39. (Lens-like geometries and overlying M Eocene turbiditic clastics suggest Nummulite-Assilina packstones in Bayat area redeposited in deeper water environment. Pre-Tertiary metamorphics SW-NE trending foliation.) Rahardjo, Wartono (1983)- Paleoenvironment reconstruction of sedimentary sequence of the Baturagung escarpment, Gunung Kidul area, Central Java. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. 135-140. Rahardjo, W. (2004)- Permasalahan pada stratigrafi batuan karbonat (dengan beberapa kasus contoh di Pegunungan Selatan Jawa Tengah). In: Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 30, p. 87-92. (‘Problems of carbonate stratigraphy, with examples from C Java Southern Mountains’) Rahardjo, W. (2007)- Prelimanary result of foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Southern Mountains Tertiary rocks, Yogyakarta Special Province. In: Proc. Seminar Potensi geologi Pegunungan Selatan dalam pengembangan wilayah, Yogyakarta 2007, p. Rahardjo, W., Sukandar Rumidi & H.M.D. Rosidi (1977)- Geological map of the Yogyakarta Quadrangle, Java. 1: 100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Raharjo, B.C. Armandita, I. Syafri, M. Hariyadi, E. Nugraha et al. (2002)- Perkiraan inversi Sesar Baribis serta perannya terhadap proses sedimentasi dan kemungkinan adanya reworked source pada endapan turbidit lowstand setara Talang Akar: studi pendahuluan di daerah Sumedang dan sekitarnya. Bul. Geol. Inst. Tekn. Bandung, Edisi Khusus 34, 3, p. 205-220. (Estimate of inversion of Baribis fault and possibility of reworked source for Talang Akar Fm lowstand turbidites in Sumedang area) Rahmad, B. & M. Maha (2010)- Endapan batubara Paleogen Formasi Nanggulan Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta: kajian geologi batubara dan fasies batubara. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PITIAGI-2010-202, 20p. (On Late Eocene coal of Nanggulan Fm exposed in Kali Songgo, E flank of Kulon Progo Dome, W of Yogya. Coal thickness 53 cm. Sediments soft and hardly diagenetically altered. Coal rank is lignite, with average vitrinite reflectance 0.27% - .037%. Nanggulan Fm coal depositional facies is forest swamp) Rahmad, B., M. Maha & A. Rodhi (2008)- Reflektan vitrinite dan komposisi maseral Seam Batubara Eosen Formasi Nanggulan daerah Kalisonggo, Kecamatan Girimulyo, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Proc. 37th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 439-449. ('Vitrinite reflectance and maceral composition of Nanggulan Fm Eocene coal seam, Kalisonggo area, .., Yogyakarta region'. Late Eocene coal of Nanggulan Fm deposited in telmatic to forest marsh environment, with slightly dry to wet condition. Vitrinite reflectance 0.27-0.37%, indicating lignite coal rank (demonstrating Eocene W of Yogya was never deeply buried; HvG). Macerals comprise vitrinite texto-ulminite, etc.) Ratdomopurbo, A. & G. Poupinet (2000)- An overview of the seismicity of Merapi volcano (Java, Indonesia), 1983-1994. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 100, p. 193-214. Ratkolo, T. (1994)- Reservoir characteristics and petroleum potential of the mid main carbonate, Upper Cibulakan Group, Northwest Java Basin, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of Wollongong, p.


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Ratman, N. & G. Robinson (1996)- The geology from Gunung Slamet to the Dieng Plateau, Central Java. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 20, p. 1-34. Ratman, N. & H. Samodra (2004)- Stratigrafi batuan Eosen di Perbukitan Jiwo, Jawa Tengah. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 14, 3, p. 148-159. ('Stratigraphy of Eocene rocks in the Jiwo Hills, Central Java') Ratman, N. & H. Samodra (2004)- Stratigrafi dan lingkungan lengendapan batuan karbonat, Gunung Sewi di daerah Wonosari dan sekitarnya. In: Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 30, p. 181-186. (Carbonates of Gunung Sewu, in Wonosari area three formations: Oyo (upper E Miocene-M Miocene), Wonosari (Late Miocene), and Kepek (Late Miocene-Pliocene. N.B: Oyo-Wonosari Fm probably older; HvG). Ratman, N., T. Suwarti & H. Samodra (1998)- Peta Geologi Indonesia Lembar Surabaya, 1: 1,000,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Raya, N.R. & B. Sapiie (2003)- Sandbox modeling of thrust-fold belt in Cimanintin area, Sumedang, West Java. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 371-383. (Modeling of Plio-Pleistocene WNE-ESE trending ‘Majalengka fold-thrust belt’, involving steep M-L Miocene bathyal sediments in Sumedang area, between Bandung- Cirebon, W Java suggests 30-40% shortening) Reerink, J. (1865)- Nota omtrent eene rijke aardoliesoort, voorkomende op Java, in Poerbolinggo, Res. Banjoemas. Tijdschrift Nijverheid Landbouw in Ned.-Indië, p. 362-363. (Early report on oil seep in Purbolingo, Banyumas Residency, C Java) Reinhold, T. (1937)- Fossil diatoms of the Neogene of Java and their zonal distribution. Verh. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. XII, p. 43-132, 21 plates. (M Miocene and younger diatoms from C and E Java) Reitsema, T.L. (1930)- Over een voorkomen van daciet aan de zuidkust van Jogjakarta, in het Goenoeng Sewoe kalksteengebied. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 90, p. 259-266. (‘On an occurrence of dacite on the S coast of Yogyakarta in the Gunung Sewu limestone area') Reitsema, T.L. (1930)- Een voorkomen van Nummulieten kalksteen aan den noordrand van het Westelijk grensgebergte, gouv. Djokjakarta. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 90, p. 291-293. (‘Occurrence of Nummulites limestone at N edge of the ‘Western border mountains’, Yogyakarta region’. Dark grey breccious limestone with Nummulites below m1 breccia-layers, near villages Gegerbajing and Plana, between Nanggulan and Purworejo) Reksalegora, S.W. (1993)- Reservoir distribution of the Upper Cibulakan Formation in the Seribu Shelf MMM area, ARII ONWJ contract area: the search for additional reserves. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 832- 846. Reksalegora, S., E. Hermanto, Y. Kusumanagara & P. Lowre (1996)- Cipamingkis River outcrop: a contribution to the understanding of "Main" reservoir geometry, Upper Cibulakan Formation, offshore Northwest Java. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. (IAGI), 2, p. 401-426. Reksalegora, S.W., Y. Kusumanegara & P. Lowry (1996)- A depositional model for the “Main” interval, Upper Cibulakan Formation: its implications for reservoir distribution and prediction, ARII ONWJ. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 163-173. (Two sandbody types in "Main" interval: (1): sharp-based, bioturbated, glauconitic sandstone, with Glossifungites surface and siderite mudclasts, N-S orientation, 1-2 km wide, 5-8 km long. Sandbodies of same age and similar facies in W Java outcrops pinch out over 500 m. Lower bounding contact discordant with underlying interbedded sandstone and mudstone. Sandbody formed in response to sea-level lowstand. (2):


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middle to lower shoreface "cleaning upward", burrowed sandstone with sharp upper-contact. Lower contact burrowed, siltstones and mudstones. Laterally extensive and correlative over inter-field distances (10's of km). Reminton, C.H. & U. Pranyoto (1985)- A hydrocarbon generation analysis in Northwest Java Basin using Lopatin's method. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 121-141. (NW Java Basin producing from Jatibarang Volcanics, Talang Akar Fm and Baturaja Fm equivalents, Upper Cibulakan (Zones 16, 15, 14, 12), and Parigi Fm carbonates. Top oil window (TTI 15) in Randegan (E part NW Java Basin) at 1800-2000 m, in Cilamaya- Pamanuka -Kandanghaur between 2000-2300m. TTI 16 only in Purwakarta-1 in Jatibarang volcanics. Talang Akar in Gantar- N Cilamaya areas mature in S. Baturaja Fm mature in Purwakarta- Gantar and S-ward. Only S of Purwakarta lower part of U Cibulakan Mb sufficiently mature to generate hydrocarbons. CO2 content believed from dissolving carbonates of Baturaja Fm formed after burial of Talang Akar sediments with high content of carbonaceous materials) Reubi, O., I.A. Nicholls & V.S. Kamenetsky (2003)- Early mixing and mingling in the evolution of basaltic magmas: evidence from phenocryst assemblages, Slamet volcano, Java, Indonesia. J. Volc. Geotherm. Res. 119, p. 255-274. Reynolds, J.R. (1995)- Northeast Java Basin. In: C. Caughey et al. (eds) Seismic Atlas of Indonesian Oil and Gas Fields, Vol. 2: Java, Kalimantan, Natuna and Irian Jaya, p. JAV11-JAV13. (NE Java basin rel. stable northern platform (Java Sea) and series of deep basins to S (onshore), separated by 30-40 km wide, E-W trending Rembang inversion zone, which includes Madura Island. NE-SW trending Bawean Arch dominant positive feature offshore, which remained emergent from Eocene - E Miocene and was major source of clastic material to nearby depocenters. Smaller offshore highs, like JS-I-1 ridge, trend parallel to arch and separated by grabens and half-grabens with Eocene-Oligocene source rocks. With stratigraphic column and regional seismic line Trembul- Semanggi- Ledok- Kawengan fields) Ritter, O., A. Hoffmann-Rothe, A. Muller, E.M. Arsadi, A. Mahfi, I. Nurnusanto, S. Byrdina & F. Echternacht (1999)- A magnetotelluric profile across Central Java, Indonesia. Geoph. Res. Lett. 25, 23,p. 4265-4268. (Magnetotelluric data at 8 sites along N30°E striking profile in C Java. Conductive features: (1) strong “ocean effect” at S-most site, (2) zone of very high conductivity in C part of profile (volcanic or geothermal activity?), (3) conductor in N (active fault zone?) Rizal, Y. (1998)- Die Terrassen entlang des Solo-Flusses in Mittel- und Ost-Java. Thesis Univ. Koln, 189 p. (’The terraces along the Solo River in Central and East Java’; Unpublished) Rizal, Y. (2005)- The ages of the Solo Terraces at the Ngancar and Ngandong Region, Middle Jawa, Indonesia. (Online at: http://hopsea.mnhn.fr/doc/2005QP11abstracts.pdf) (Best estimates of ages of Pleistocene terraces along Solo River: High-terraces ~47 ka, Middle-terraces ~20 ka and Lower-terraces 1.65 + 1.5 ka) Rizal, Y., Y. Zaim & Y. Iriani (2005)- Late Tertiary fossil whale from Surade, South Sukabumi, West Java. Buletin Geologi ITB 37, 1, p. 29-34. Robba, E. (1996)- The Rembangian (Middle Miocene) mollusc-fauna of Java, Indonesia: I. Archaeogastropoda. Rivista Ital. Paleont. Strat. 102, p. 267-292. (Langhian gastropods from Rembang zone, NE Java) Robba, E., A. Franchino, G. Piccoli, M.P. Bernasconi & D. Kadar (1986)- Notes on the limestones of Bukit southern peninsula of Bali Island (Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 38, p. 79-89. Roberts, H.H., P. Aharon & C.V. Phipps (1988)- Morphology and sedimentology of Halimeda bioherms from the eastern Java Sea (Indonesia). Coral Reefs 6, 3-4, p. 161-172. (Halimeda bioherms along W and S margins of Kalukalukuang Bank, E Java Sea. Numerous bioherms at N bank, with tops in 30-50m water depth. Fewer and thicker along deeper S margin. No reef-building corals


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below 15m. Upwelling of cold, j and nutrient overloading from Pacific Troughflow water possible explanations for remarkable algal growth at expense of reef-building corals) Roberts, H.H., C.V. Phipps & L. Effendi (1987)- Halimeda bioherms of the eastern Java Sea, Indonesia. Geology 15, p. 371-374. (Bioherms composed mainly of Halimeda plates on Kalukalukuang Bank, 50-70 km E of central Sunda Shelf. Thickness up to 52m above Top Pleistocene surface. Presence and growth rate possibly related to upwelling of deep, nutrient rich S-moving Pacific Throughflow water from Makassar Strait) Roberts, H.H., C.V. Phipps & L.L. Effendi (1987)- Morphology of large Halimeda bioherms, eastern Java Sea (Indonesia): a side-scan sonar study. Geo-Marine Lett. 7, 1, p. 7-14. (Extensive, thick Halimeda bioherms along margins of Kalukalukuang Bank, E Java Sea. Features average 2030 m thick (max. 50 m) and developed over large areas by coalescence of individual mounds. Morphologies range from small mounds (10–20 m diameter) through hay-stack features (100 m diameter) to broad swells. Upwelling of cold, nutritive water responsible for high Halimeda productivity and large bioherm development) Roberts, K., R.J. Davies, S. Stewart & M. Tingay (2011)- Structural controls on mud volcano vent distributions: examples from Azerbaijan and Lusi, East Java. J. Geol. Soc., London, 168, 4, p. 1013-1030. (Vent distributions in Azerbaijan mud volcanoes used to propose what controls distribution of 169 vents at the Lusi mud volcano, E Java. Initial eruptions along NE-SW trend, parallel toe Watukosek fault, changing to eruptions that follow E-W trends, subparallel to regional fold axes) Robertson Research-Pertamina (1986)- East Java and Java Sea basinal area, stratigraphy, petroleum geochemistry and petroleum geology. Multi-client Study, 4 vols. p. (Unpublished) Robertson Utama Indonesia, PT (2002)- East Java and East Java Sea- a petroleum systems evaluation. Multiclient Study, vol. 1: Text, 95 p. + figs., vol. 2: Appendices, Vols. 3-6: Enclosures. (Unpublished) (Comprehensive overview of NE Java basin stratigraphy and petroleum geology. With paleogeographic maps Eocene (Ngimbang) to Pliocene (GL marls)) Roe, G.D. & L.J. Polito (1977)- Source rocks for oils in the Ardjuna sub-basin of the Northwest Java basin, Indonesia. In: Proc. Seminar Generation and maturation of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins, Manila 1977. United Nations ESCAP CCOP Techn. Publ. 6, p. 180-194. Rolando, A. (2001)- The new species Terebellum olympiae .n.sp. (Gastropoda, Seraphidae) from the Middle Eocene mollusc assemblage of Nanggulan (Yogyakarta province, Java, Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 53, p. 41-44. (Listing of 44 mollusc species, one new, from water well outcrop near Watumarah, 4 km W of Nanggulan, in upper part of Nanggulan Fm. Age late Middle Eocene, planktonic foram zones P13-P14) Rosana, M.F. & H. Matsueda (2002)- Cikidang hydrothermal gold deposit in Western Java, Indonesia. Resource Geol. 52, 4, p. 341-352. (Cikidang gold deposit discovered in 1991 in Bayah dome gold district (also Pongkor, Cikotok mines). Gold in low-sulfidation quartz-adularia-sericite(-calcite) vein deposits. Host rocks Miocene lapilli tuff and breccia) Rosana, M.F., I. Syafri, U. Mardiana & N. Sulaksana (2006)- Petrology of Pre-Tertiary melange complex of Gunung Badak, Sukabumi, West Java. In: Proc. Geosains dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi & Kesejahteraan Serantau, Langkawi 2006, 5p. (online at: http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpadcontent/uploads/publikasi_dosen/1D%20Persidangan%20Geosience%20UKM%20-ITB.pdf) (Gunung Badak melange in Ciletuh Bay, SW Java with ophiolite (peridotite, gabbro, pillow basalt), metamorphic (serpentinite, quartzite, phyllite, and schist) and sedimentary rocks (greywacke, Nummulites lst, black shale, red clay and polymict breccias), overlain by E Tertiary Ciletuh Fm sediments. Rocks tectonically mixed as result of subduction. Peridotites in small outcrops in N and central part of Gunung Badak, locally serpentinized. Gabbros as dikes with phaneritic~porphyritic textures, mostly of hyperstene, labradorite. Pillow


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basalt-spilitic lavas outcrop in N part. Phyllite, schist and quartzite as fragments of polymict breccias in N flank of Gunung Badak. Sedimentary rocks composed of greywacke in Mandra island, limestone and polymict breccias in Manuk, Kunti islands and NS of the area. Ciletuh Fm provenance from N part of Java, probably granitic Sundaland basement) Ruf, A.S., J.A. Simo & T.M. Hughes (2008)- Insights on Oligocene-Miocene carbonate mound morphology and evolution from 3D seismic data, East Java basin, Indonesia. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-093, 10p. (Same paper as below) Ruf, A.S., J.A. Simo & T.M. Hughes (2008)- Quantitative characterization of Oligocene-Miocene carbonate mound morphology from 3D seismic data: applications to geologic modeling, East Java Basin, Indonesia. In: Proc. Int. Petroleum Techn. Conf., Kuala Lumpur 2008, IPTC 12511, p. 1-11. (3D seismic interpretation of N Madura Platform shows growth history of Oligocene-Miocene carbonate buildups. Mound initiation with small (<100-500 m), closely spaced, domal buildups, which become nuclei for intermediate mounds (2- 3 km), which coalesce into amalgamated platforms (>5 km diameter) Rusmana, E., K. Suwitodirdjo & Suharsono (1991)- The geology of the Serang quadrangle, Jawa (Quadr. 11096, 1110-3), 1: 100, 000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 19 p. Russell, K.L., C. Sutton & W.C. Meyers (1976)- Organic geochemistry as an aid to exploration in the East Java Sea. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 69-80. (East Java Sea Poleng field oils probably sourced from Kudjung Unit III (Early Oligocene) shales, the only unit with TOC >1.5% and sufficiently mature) Rutten, L. (1916)- Vier dwarsprofielen door de Tertiaire mergelzone tusschen Soerabaja en Ngawi. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. en Kol., Geol. Ser. III (Molengraaff-volume), p. 149-152. (‘Four cross-sections through the Tertiary marl zone between Surabaya and Ngawi’ (Kendeng zone)) Rutten, L. (1918)- On the rate of denudation in Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 20, 2, p. 838-848. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012275.pdf) (Large amounts of annual sediment discharge in modern rivers suggest very high denudation rates on Java (around 0.5-2.0 mm/year)) Rutten, L. (1918)- 'Old Andesites' and 'brecciated Miocene' to the East of Buitenzorg ( Java). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 20, 1, p. 597-608. (online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (Survey E of Bogor suggests Verbeek & Fennema 1896 assertion of presence of 'Old Andesites' in that area is incorrect; only rel. young volcanics and Miocene sediments without volcanic content are found) Rutten, L.M.R. (1925)- Over de richting der Tertiaire gebergtevormende bewegingen op Java. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Afd. Natuurk., 34, 1, p. 65-78. ('On the direction of Tertiary mountain building movements on Java'. See English version below) Rutten, L.M.R. (1925)- On the direction of the Tertiary mountain-building movements in the Island of Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 28, 2, p. 191-203. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015144.pdf) (English version of paper above. Vergence of thrusting not clear in W Java, but, unlike observations of Van Es and Ziegler, obvious North- directed folding in Kendeng zone, E Java) Rutten, L.M.R. (1925)- On the origin of the material of the Neogene rocks in Java. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 29, 1, p. 15-33. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015249.pdf) (Older Tertiary (~M Miocene and older) sands on Java mostly quartz-rich and from from northerly, continental source. Late Tertiary- Quaternary more common volcanoclastics from South)


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Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- Chapters 5-9 on the geology of Java. In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 54-143. (Review of geology of Java in Rutten's classic lecture series) Rutten, M.G. (1952)- Geosynclinal subsidence versus glacially controlled movements in Java and Sumatra. Geol. Mijnbouw 14, 6, p. 211-220. (Critical discussion of Smit Sibinga (1949) paper on influence of glacial eustatic movements on E Java and SE Sumatra Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy. Rutten sees no such influence) Ryacudu, R. & A. Bachtiar (1999)- The status of the OO-Brebes fault system, and its implication to hydrocarbon exploration in the Eastern Part of North West Java Basin. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-12. (E part NW Java basin little exploration success. It is delineated by N-S bounding fault N of Cirebon, W-facing normal fault, which is splay of NW-SE trending OO fault, and E-facing Cirebon fault onshore. Hydrocarbon accumulations (OO, X, Jatibarang, Cemara Fields) adjacent to this boundary. Most hydrocarbons in Paleogene clastic reservoirs. Paleogene deposits good reservoir quality and potential source rock from deltaic- lacustrine Talang Akar and upper Jatibarang Fms. Unsuccessful exploration in E part of NW Java Basin (‘E Carbonate Shelf’) due to lack of these deposits. N-S trending faults act as releasing double-bend structure of NW-SE rightstepping strike-slip fault system (OO and Brebes Faults), generated by Miocene N-S compressive stress and thought to be extensional regime of Cretaceous- Oligocene Meratus System, rejuvenated in Miocene) Ryacudu, R., E. Purnomo, E. Sunardi, B.G. Adhiperdana & V. Isnainiwardhani (2006)- Vertical petrographic variation of mixed intrabasinal and extrabasinal detritus Klantung well, North Central Java Basin. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, p. Ryacudu, R., E. Purnomo, E. Sunardi, A. Kadarusman, J. Hutabarat, Nurdrajat & B.G. Adhiperdana (2006)Petrographic compositional distinction between Jatibarang and Talang Akar Formation, Jatibarang sub-basin, Northwest Java. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, 8 p. (Petrographic description of core samples from Eocene-Oligocene volcanoclastic Jatibarang Fm in four wells) Sadjati, O., A.H.P. Kesumajana & R.P. Koesoemadinata (1999)- Penggunaan paleoheatflow dalam penentuan sejarah kematangan batuan induk, studi kasus sumur Ngimbang-01, Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 115-120. ('Usage of paleo heatflow in determining history of source rock maturation; a case study in Ngimbang-01 well, NE Java Basin') Safitri, D. & F. Hendrasto (1998)- Planktic foraminifera biostratigraphy of the Penosogan, Sempor and Rawakele Formations of the Kebumen Area, Central Java Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 179. (Abstract only) Saint-Marc, P. & Suminta (1979)- Biostratigraphy of Late Miocene and Pliocene deep water sediments of eastern Java, Indonesia. J. Foram. Res. 9, 2, p. 106-117. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/9/2/106.full.pdf) (Planktonic foram biostratigraphic study of Late Miocene- Pliocene Globigerina Marls Fm of Ngepung section, ENE of Ngawi, Kendeng zone, E Java. Marls with sandy and tuffaceous intercalations, 640m thick, with abundant planktonic foraminifera. Correlation with Bodjonegoro sequence relatively easy) Saito T. (ed.) (1981)- Micropaleontology, petrology and lithostratigraphy of Cenozoic rocks of the Yogyakarta region, Central Java. Spec. Publ. Dept. Earth Sci, Yamagata University, Japan, p. 1-61. (Collection of papers reporting on fieldwork around Yogyakarta. Measured sections and micropaleontologic content at Pereng (E-M Miocene; N8-N12), Niten (E Miocene, N7), Djurang (M Miocene, N14-N15), Kalisonggo/ Nanggulan (Eocene), Oyo River (E-M Miocene, N4-N10) and and Bayat (Eocene))


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Saito, T. (1981)- Metamorphic and related rocks from Jiwo Hills near Yogyakarta, Java. In: T. Saito (ed.) Micropaleontology, petrology and lithostratigraphy of Cenozoic rocks of the Yogyakarta region, Central Java. Spec. Publ. Dept. Earth Sci, Yamagata University, Japan, p. 7-14. Samodra, H., S. Gafoer & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1992)- Geology of the Pacitan Quadrangle, Jawa, 1507-4. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Explanatory Notes 22 p. + map. Samodra, H., Suharsono, S. Gafoer & T. Suwarti (1992)- Geology of the Tulungagung Quadrangle, Jawa, 15075. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Explanatory notes 16 p. + map. Samodra, H., G.S. Suharsono & T.Suwarti (1992)- Geology of the Tulugagung Quadrangle, Java. (1057-5), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Samodra, H. & K. Sutisna (1997)- Geologic map of the Klaten (Bayat), sheet Jawa, scale 1:50.000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Samodra, H. & S. Wiryosujono (1993)- Stratigraphy and tectonic history of the eastern Southern Mountains, Jawa, Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral (J. Geol. Mineral Res., GRDC) 3, 17, p. 14-22. Sampurno & Samodra (1991)- Geological map of the Ponorogo Quadrangle, Jawa (1508-1), 1: 100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 19 p. Sampurno, G., R. Kapid & D.M. Barmawidjaja (1996)- Analisis foraminifera kuantitatif pada kala Pliosen di daerah Ledok Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 16-30. ('Quantitative analysis of Pliocene foraminifera of the Ledok area, C Java') Samuel, L. & M. Yohannes (1986)- Direction of current, Ledok Formation, Cepu area. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geologists (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. . Sano, S.I. (1978)- Gravity anomalies associated with island arc. Third Regional Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Bangkok, p. . Sano, S.I., M. Untung & K. Fuji (1978)- Some gravity features of island arcs of Jawa and Japan and their tectonic implications. In: M. Untung & Y. Sato (eds.) Gravity and geological studies in Jawa, Indonesia. Geol. Survey Indonesia and Geol. Survey Japan Joint Research Program on Regional Tectonics of Southeast Asia, GRDC Spec. Publ. 6, p. 183-207. Santosa, S. & S. Atmawinata (1992)- Geology of the Kediri Quadrangle, Jawa. Quadrangle 1508-3, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. & Dev. Centre, Bandung, 18 p. Santosa, K. & E.A. Subroto (2006)- Revealing undetected geological structure within Ngimbang Formation in the Ngimbang-1 well, Notheast Java Basin, Indonesia, based on vitrinite reflectance data. Proc. 35th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, PITIAGI2006-054, 8p. (Maturation studies for several E Java wells. In Ngimbang 1 at ~2500m sudden increase in vitrinite and spore color, suggesting normal fault within Eocene Lower Ngimbang Fm, between Kujung High and Ngimbang low) Santosa, S. & T. Suwarti (1992)- Geology of the Malang Quadrangle, Jawa (1608-1), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 25 p. + map Santoso, B., A.D. Zeiza & F.P. Nugroho (2007)- Neogene tectonic and sedimentary control to hydrocarbon generation in Banyumas sub-Basin, South of Central Java. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07SG-002, 6 p. (Student paper overview; not much new)


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Santoso, B. & N.S. Ningrum (2008)- Petrographic analyses of coal deposits from Cigudeg and Bojongmanik areas with regard to their utilisation. Indonesian Mining J. 11, 11, p. 42-48. (Petrography of rel. thin Late Miocene coals in Bojongmanik Fm of W Java. Six seams, 0.2- 1.0 m thick, one seam in Bojongmanik 1.5- 2.2m thick. Grade lignite- subbituminous) Santoso, D. & M.E. Suparka (1994)- Penafsiran gaya gerat, magnetik dan geologi kompleks melange Luh Ulo, Jawa Tengah. (‘Gravity, magnetics and geology of Luh Ulo melange complex’. Cretaceous- Paleocene melange Complex in Karangsambung area, ~20 km N of Kebumen, C Java, can be divided into two units: Jatisamit Melange and Seboro Melange, differing by more abundant exotic bloks in Jatisamit Melang. Blocks of sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and ophiolite members such as pillow lava, gabbro and serpentinite, all embedded in sheared clay matrix. Overlain by Eocene olistostromes and younger sediments. Ophiolite Complex found in same area interpreted to be from a mid-oceanic ridges of Cenomanian age) Santoso, D. & M.E. Suparka (2001)- Geological interpretation of the melange Complex, Luh Ulo, Central Java based on gravity and magnetic data. In: Selected papers on the geodynamics of the Indonesian regions, Jurnal Geofisika, Spec. Edition, Indon. Assoc. Geophysicists, p. Sapei, T., A.H. Suganda, K.A.S. Astadiredja & Suharsono (1992)- Geology of the Jember Quadrangle, Jawa, Quadrangles 1607-6 & 1607-3, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. 9 p. Sapiie, B. (2006)- Fault characterization and fault seal analysis in the Gunung Walat area. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, p. Sapiie, B., R. Anshory, S. Susilo & Putri (2007)- Relationship between fracture distribution and carbonate facies in the Rajamandala limestone of West Java region. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 8p. (Fracture characteristics strongly dependent on carbonate facies. Stylolites more common in boundstone facies than in wacke- and packstones. Fracture density also higher in boundstone facies. Fracture density also controlled locally by presence of faults and folds) Sapiie, B., A.H. Harsolumakso & S. Asikin (2006)- Paleogene tectonics evolution and sedimentation of East Java Basin. AAPG Int. Conf., Perth (Abstract only) Sapiie, B., A. Pamumpuni, E.S. Lanin, I. Janata, D. Nugroho & T. Simo (2011)- Carbonate fractured reservoir characterization using analogue outcrop study of the Rajamandala Carbonate Complex, West Java. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-190, p. 1-16. (Fracture distribution and characteristics in Late Oligocene Rajamandala Limestone outcrops dependent on carbonate facies ) Sapiie, B., A. Pamumpuni, I.J. Saputra, E. Lanin, A.M. Surya Nugraha, W. Kurniawan, L.A. Perdana, M.A. Riswanty, A. Herlambang & T. Simo (2011)- Structural characterization of the Rajamandala Limestone. In: B. Sapiie & T. Simo, The stratigraphy and structure of the Oligocene (Chattian) Rajamandala Limestone, Bandung, Western Java, Indonesia, a technical field trip for geoscientists, Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Field Trip, 8 p. Sapiie, B., D. Noeradi, A. M. Suryanugraha, W. Kurniawan, T. Simo & D. Nugroho (2010)- Palinspatic reconstructions of Rajamandala carbonate complex as implication of paleogeography in the Western Java, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-057 3D, 12p. (Rajamandala Carbonate Complex N-verging, ENE-WSW trending thrust-fault system, with~50% shortening. Rajamandala platform carbonate complex developed on NNE-SSW regional basement high, with Cimandiri fault acting as shelf edge. Youngest Plio-Pleistocene deformation parallel to pre-existing structure, suggesting basement- involved deformation) Sapiie, B., A. Shirly & A. Badai (2006)- Fault zone characterization and fault seal analysis in the Gunung Walat area, West Java. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (PIT IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, p.


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Saputra, S.E., A. Amir, A.H. Satyana & N.A. Ascaria (2005)- Sedimentology of the Wonosari carbonates, Southern Yogyakarta: outcrop study and petroleum implications. Proc. Joint Conv. 30th HAGI and 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. IAGI, Surabaya 2005, p. Sardjono (2006)- Crustal architecture of Java Island, Indonesia- an approach via constrained gravity modeling. Proc. IPA-AAPG Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. and Exhib. OT-16, 5 p. (Gravity modeling along seven N-S transects show Java island composed of continental crust, but in places high gravity anomalies with rel. short wavelengths suggest fragments of upper mantle material close to surface) Sartono (1961)- Shifting of the coastline and interfingering in the Neogene of the easternmost part of the Gunung Sewu, Punung, Pacitan (East Java). ITB Contr. Dept. Geol. 48, p. 3-19. Sartono, S. (1964)- Stratigraphy and sedimentation of the easternmost part of Gunung Sewu (East Djawa). Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung, Publ. Teknik Seri Geol. Umum 1, 95p. (Rel. extensive study of stratigraphy and Miocene carbonate development in Southern Mountains and W Progo Mountains, SE Java) Sartono, S. (1969)- On the Plio-Pleistocene boundary of Java. Bull. Nat. Hist., Inst. Geol. Min., Bandung 2, p. 1-19. Sartono, S. (1976)- Genesis of the Solo terraces. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 2, Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 1-21. (Three well-known river terrace levels along Solo River, C-E Java: Upper Pleistocene high terrace (Ngandong), Low Terrace and Flood Terrace. Also three older terraces identified, mainly from aerial photos) Sartono, S. (1979)- The stratigraphy of the Sambungmacan site in Central Java. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 5, p. 83-88. Sartono, S. (1984)- Notes on the Pleistocene stratigraphy of Java, Indonesia. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 8, p. 129-135. Sartono, S. (1984)- Orogenesa intra-Miosen di Indonesia. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Bandung, p. ('Intra-Miocene orogeny in Indonesia') Sartono, S. (1987)- Olistostrom sebagia batuan dasar di Jawa. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Bandung, p. Sartono, S. (1990)- Extensive slide deposits in Sunda Arc geology, the Southern Mountain of Java, Indonesia. Buletin Geologi, Bandung, 20, p. 3-13. Sartono, S. & H. Murwanto (1987)- Olistostrome sebagai dasar batuan di Jawa. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. Sartono, S., D.W. Orchiston, W.G. Siesser & T. Djubiantono (1981)- Upper Pliocene sediments in Sangiran, Central Java (Indonesia). Bul. Geol. (Inst. Teknol. Bandung) 5, p. 1-25. (Base Sangiran Fm between nannofossil zones NN16 and NN18 (1.65- 3.25 Ma); Bettis et al. 2004) Satyana, A.H. (2002)- Oligo-Miocene reefs: East Java's giant fields. In: In: F.H. Sidi & A. Setiawan (eds.) Proc. Giant Field and New exploration concepts seminar, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 2002, p. 45-62. (On recent discovery of two giant fields in Oligocene- Early Miocene Kujung- Prupuh carbonates in E Java Basin: Bukit Tua-Jenggolo (Gulf/ConocoPhillips, 2001; land-attached platform) and Banyu Urip (ExxonMobil Cepu, 2001; isolated buildup)


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Satyana, A.H. (2003)- Deep-water sedimentation of Java: hydrocarbon opportunities and resistance. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Newsl., October 2003, p. 8-13. Satyana, A.H. (2005)- Structural indentation of Central Java: a regional wrench segmentation. Proc. Joint Conv. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 30th Ann. Conv.HAGI, Surabaya, p. 193-204. (Indentation of coastlines of N and S Central Java caused by two major Paleogene wrench faults with opposing trends and slips which terminate in southern C Java near Nusa Kambangan: (1) Muria-Kebumen Fault, leftlateral, trending SW-NE (Meratus trend); and (2) Pamanukan-Cilacap Fault, right-lateral, trending NW-SE (Sumatran trend). Maximum uplift of Cilacap-Kebumen exposed basement rocks in Luk Ulo area. S of maximum uplift region submergence of Southern Mountains across southern C Java) Satyana, A.H. (2005)- Oligo-Miocene carbonates of Java, Indonesia: tectono-volcanic setting and petroleum implications. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 217-249. (Java Oligo-Miocene carbonates widely distributed, during time of “Old-Andesite” volcanism. Two trends: (1) North (Cepu-Surabaya-Madura, North Central Java and Ciputat-Jatibarang areas), comprising Kujung, Tuban, Baturaja and M Cibulakan formations and (2) South (Gunung Kidul- Banyumas- Jampang- BayahSukabumi-Rajamandala). N Trend carbonates in back-arc setting, 75-150 km from contemporaneous volcanic arc in S Java. S Trend reefs on ridges in Bayah-Sukabumi-Padalarang areas not contemporaneous with volcanism. Volcanic quiescence across Java from 18- 12 Ma, when sea transgressed many areas in SE Asia, causing abundant reefal carbonates deposition along S Trend. N Trend carbonates prolific petroleum reservoirs. S Trend no hydrocarbons, but inadequately explored) Satyana, A.H. (2006)- New insight on tectonic of Central Java, Indonesia and its petroleum implications. Abstract AAPG Int. Conf., Perth 2006. (Extended Abstract) (C Java conspicuous indentation of coastlines compared to W and E Java. Two major Paleogene strike-slip faults with opposing trends and slips responsible for indentation: (1) SW-NE Muria-Kebumen Fault, leftlateral, and (2) NW-SE Pamanukan-Cilacap Fault, right-lateral. Faults caused indentations of N and S coastlines, subsidence of North C Java, uplift of Serayu Range and exposure of pre-Tertiary Luk Ulo melange complex, disappearance of S Mountains in southern C Java due to subsidence, and N-ward shift of Quaternary volcanic arc in C Java) Satyana, A.H. (2007)- Central Java, Indonesia- a “Terra Incognita” in petroleum exploration: new considerations on the tectonic evolution and petroleum implications. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-085, 22 p. (Two major Paleogene strike-slip faults with opposing trends and slips responsible for indentation of Java coastline: (1) SW-NE trending Muria-Kebumen Fault, left-lateral and (2) NW-SE, right-lateral PamanukanCilacap Fault. Faults caused: uplift of Serayu Range and exposure of Luk Ulo mélange, subsidence of N part of C Java and indentation of northern coastline, subsidence of S Mountains in southern C Java and indentation of S coastline, and N-ward shifting of Quaternary volcanic arc in C Java. Presence of two opposite regional strike-slip faults crossing each other in southern C Java has configured petroleum geology of C Java) Satyana, A.H. (2007)- Geological disaster in the demise of Jenggala and Majapahit empires: a hypothesis of historical mud volcanoes eruptions based on historical chronicles of Kitab Pararaton, etc. folklore of Timun Mas; analogue to present LUSI eruption, and geologic analysis of the Kendeng depression- Brantas Delta. Proc. Joint Conv. 36th IAGI, 32nd HAGI, Bali 2007, 38 p. (Jenggala and Majapahit are two empires of 11th to early 16th centuries at Brantas delta, E Java,. Rise and fall related to geological processes in Brantas delta. Large mud volcano eruptions may have caused or contributed to demise) Satyana, A.H. (2008)- Roles of mud volcanoes eruptions in the decline of the Jenggala and Majapahit Empires, East Java, Indonesia: constraints from the historical chronicles, folklore, and geological analysis of the Brantas Delta-Kendeng Depression. Majalah Geol. Indonesia 23, 1-2, p. 1-10.


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Satyana, A.H. (2009)- Sangiran dome, Central Java: mud volcanoes eruption, demise of Homo erectus erectus and migration of later hominid. Proc. 37th Ann. Conf. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 2008, 12 p. Satyana, A.H. (2009)- Disappearance of the Java’s Southern Mountains in Kebumen and Lumajang depressions: tectonic collapses and indentations by Java’s transverse major fault zones. In: International Conference on Java’s Southern Mountains, Yogyakarta 2009, Gadjah Mada University, 8p. (Two ‘gaps’ in Java Southern Mountains: (1) Kebumen Depression in C Java and (2) Lumajang Depression in SE Java. Two sets of fault zones, trending transversal to Java Island responsible for collapse of S Mountains in these areas) Satyana, A.H. & C. Armandita (2004)- Deepwater plays of Java, Indonesia: regional evaluation on opportunities and risks. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia and Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 293- 319. (Review of Mio-Pliocene deepwater sedimentation in Bogor, North Serayu and Kendeng Zones, across middle of Java. Depressions formed by isostatic subsidence compensating for uplifted volcanic arcs located to S. In Plio-Pleistocene time trough/basins significantly uplifted and deformed, and currently form fold and thrust belts. Deepwater plays viable in Java. Oil seeps and oil fields in N Serayu Trough in turbiditic volcaniclastic sandstones. Oil fields in E Java have reservoirs of Ngrayong sands considered as deepwater deposits on slope of Rembang Zone. Fields in Pliocene-Pleistocene volcaniclastic turbidites of E Kendeng Zone also show prospectivity of deepwater plays in Java. With Ngrayong Fm paleogeography) Satyana, A.H., C. Armandita, B. Raharjo & I. Syafri (2002)- New observations on the evolution of the Bogor Basin, West Java: opportunities for turbidite hydrocarbon play. Bul. Geologi ITB, Spec. Vol., 34, 3, p. 101-116. Satyana, A.H. & Asnidar (2008)- Mud diapirs and mud volcanoes in depressions of Java to Madura: origins, natures and implications to petroleum system. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA08-G-139, 20 p. (Numerous mud diapirs and mud volcanoes in Bogor-North Serayu-Kendeng-Madura Strait Zone, an axial depression with rapid deposition of Mio-Pleistocene sediments and subsequently compressed. Oil and gas seeps and producing oil and gas fields in same zone) Satyana, A.H., E. Biantoro & A. Luthfi (2003)- Gas habitat of the East Java Basin, Indonesia- meets the future demand. Abstract 65th EAGE Conf. & Exhibition, Stavanger 2003, 4p. (Extended Abstract) (E Java basin basin rich in gas. Thermogenic gas in two trends: (1) Cepu- Kangean High (in Oligo-Miocene carbonates on Cepu High, Eo-Oligocene Ngimbang carbonate at Suci, Eocene clastics at Pagerunganand W Kangean) and (2) N Madura Platform (Kucung and Rancak carbonate reservoirs at KE, Bukit Tua, Jenggolo, Payang). Gases from Cepu High high-CO2 gas due to thermal degradation of carbonates. Biogenic gases in two trends: (1) Surabaya- Madura Strait (Wunut, Oyong, Maleo, MDA, Terang-Sirasun-Batur-Kubu), and (2) Muriah- Bawean (Kepodang Field). Reservoirs M Miocene Tawun to E Pliocene Mundu sands and carbonates) Satyana, A.H. & A. Darwis (2001)- Recent significant discoveries within Oligo-Miocene carbonates of the East Java Basin: integrating the petroleum geology. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and GEOSEA 10th Reg. Congress, Yogyakarta, p. 37-41. (Early NE Java paper clearly describing Oligo-Miocene deposition of carbonate buildups on ENE-WSW trending highs (W Cepu, E Cepu, Porong-BD platform), formed during Eocene rifting, followed by M Miocene and younger inversion) Satyana, A.H. & M. Djumlati (2003)- Oligo-Miocene carbonates of the East Java Basin, Indonesia: facies definition leading to recent significant discoveries. AAPG Int. Conf., Barcelona, Spain, Ext. abstract, 5p. (Brief but good overview of Oligo-Miocene carbonates distribution of East Java basin, showing isolated platforms on WSW-ENE trending faulted basement highs, formed during Paleogene rifting. Tectonic inversion started in mid-Miocene and peaked in Pleistocene time)


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Satyana, A.H., E. Erwanto & C. Prasetyadi (2004)- Rembang-Madura-Kangean-Sakala (RMKS) Fault zone, East Java Basin: the origin and nature of a geologic border. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 2004, 23 p. (Major E-W left-lateral wrench zone, forming deformed zone 15-40 km wide and 675 km long from Rembang in W through Madura and Kangean Islands to Sakala offshore in E. Fault Zone at hinge or shelf edge between stable E Sunda Shelf (Paternoster-Kangean micro-continent) in N and deep-water area with different basement lithology in S. Initiation of fault zone in upper E Miocene in Sakala area, M Miocene in Rembang area. Flower structures on seismic sections, showing basement-involved, deeply-rooted vertical master faults with upward diverging splays with reverse separations. In map view, these splays are mapped as fold and fault belts trending W-E and WNW-ESE. Extensional component of wrench zone subsided Paleogene rifted blocks like Central Deep and formed normal faults. Tectonic inversion observed. Shale diapirism common S of fault zone in thick shale sequences deposited rapidly to S of RMKS FZ) Satyana, A.H. & M.E.M. Purwaningsih (2002)- Geochemistry and habitats of oil and gas in the East Java Basin regional evaluation and new observations. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 68-102. (Geochemical data from ~100 wells and seeps. Most oils from terrestrial- marginal marine facies. Offshore oils more terrestrial than onshore. Ngimbang, Lower Kujung and Lower Tuban shales sources of oils and thermogenic gases. Biogenic gases from Neogene Tawun- Lidah shales. High CO2 associated with thermal degradation of Paleogene Kujung carbonates) Satyana, A.H. & M.E.M. Purwaningsih (2002)- Lekukan struktur Jawa Tengah: suatu segmentasi sesar mendatar. In: Proc. Sumberdaya geologi daerah istimewa Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah, IAGI Pengda Jawa Tengah, p. 55-66. (Indentation of Central Java structure) Satyana, A.H. & M.E.M. Purwaningsih (2003)- Geochemistry of the East Java Basin: new observations on oil grouping, genetic gas types and trends of hydrocarbon habitats. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 585-607. (Similar to 2002 paper. Biogenic gas in M Miocene-Pliocene reservoirs in Terang-Sirasun, Oyong, Maleo (Madura straits), Kepodang (Java sea) Wonolelo seep in W Cepu, etc. High (30-80%) CO2 gas in two areas: Cepu High, offshore Java Sea) Satyana, A.H. & M.E.M. Purwaningsih (2003)- Oligo-Miocene carbonates of Java: tectonic setting and effects of volcanism. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 28th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Jakarta, 27p. (Java Late Oligocene-Early Miocene widespread platform and reefal carbonates. Period also noted for “Old Andesite” volcanism along S part of Java. Two trends: (1) N Trend, including Cepu-Surabaya-Madura, N Central Java, and Ciputat-Jatibarang areas consists of carbonates of Kujung, Prupuh, Tuban, Poleng, M Cibulakan and Baturaja and (2) S Trend, with Gunung Kidul- Banyumas- Jampang- Bayah- SukabumiRajamandala areas. N Trend developed in back-arc setting, 75-150 km away from Oligo-Miocene volcanic arc in S Java. No volcanic material found in these carbonates. S Trend in intra-arc setting. No reefal carbonates in G. Kidul-Banyumas-Jampang areas. Rajamandala reefs developed prior to E Miocene Jampang volcanism. Volcanic quiescence in Java from 18-12 Ma (M Miocene) resulted in significant reefal carbonates development along S Mountains of Java such as Wonosari/Punung in Gunung Kidul, Jonggrangan in Kulon Progo, Karangbolong/Kalipucang in Banyumas, and Bojonglopang in Jampang areas) Sawolo, N., E. Sutriono, B.P. Istadi & A.B. Darmoyo (2009)- The LUSI mud volcano triggering controversy: was it caused by drilling? Marine Petrol. Geol. 26, 9, p. 1766-1784. (Study suggesting LUSI mud volcano is naturally occurring mud volcano in area prone to mud volcanism. Conclusion disputed by Davies et al. (2010)) Sawolo, N., E. Sutriono, B.P. Istadi & A.B. Darmoyo (2010)-Was LUSI caused by drilling?- Authors reply to discussion. Marine Petrol. Geol. 27, 10, p. 1658-1675. (Reply to Davies et al. (2010) discussion)


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Scheibener, E. & T.L. Reitsema (1931)- Een voorkomen van kwartszandsteen, daciet en contactmetamorphe gesteenten in het heuvelterrein nabij Godean, gouvernement Jogjakarta. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie 91, p. 196-202. ('An occurrence of quartz sandstone, dacite and contactmetamorphic rocks in the hill country near Godean, Yogyakarta area'. Locality W of Yogya, possibly Eocene sandstone with intrusive younger volcanics)) Scheidecker, W.R. & D.A. Taiclet (1976)- Arjuna B structure: a case history. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 95-114. (Second offshore oil discovery in Indonesia, in 1968. Upper Cibulakan Fm and 'Main' and 'Massive' sand reservoirs improve in quality away from crest of structure) Schilder, F.A. (1937)- Neogene Cypraeacea aus Ost- Java (Mollusca, Gastropoda). De Ingen. in Nederl.-Indie 1937, 4, 11, p. 195-210. ('Neogene Cypraeacea from East Java'. Descriptions of cowrie shells from Miocene of Lodan aticline, Pliocene of Solo River and E Pleistocene of Mojokerto region, collected by Bandung geological survey personnel) Schilder, F.A. (1941)- The marine mollusca of the Kendeng beds (East Java). Gastropoda, Part 3 (Families Eratoidae, Cypraeidae, and Amphiperaidae). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 12, p. 171-194. (Part of series of papers on Kendeng Beds marine molluscs by Van Regteren Altena 1938-1950 and Schilder) Schiller, D.M., R.A. Garrard & L. Prasetyo (1991)- Eocene submarine fan sedimentation in Southwest Java. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 125-181. (Outcrops of M- L Eocene Ciletuh Fm f-vc sandstones and sandy conglomerates, interpreted as sand-dominated submarine fan complex. Two lithofacies: (1) composed of mostly quartz (58-84%) and variety of lithic fragments; (2) less pervasive volcanic facies, composed almost entirely of volcaniclastic sediments. Mesozoic granitic continental crust and Late Cretaceous subduction complex areas to N interpreted to have supplied majority of quartz and lithic fragments, while possible Eocene local volcanic arc is believed to have sourced volcanics. Reservoir quality of quartzose sst poor due to compaction and carbonate cementation). Schiller, D.M., B.W. Seubert, S. Musliki & M. Abdullah (1994)- The reservoir potential of Globigerinid sands in Indonesia. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 189-212. (Porous limestones composed of sand-sized planktonic forams in outcrops and wells with variable reservoir quality and thickness.Up to 30-45% primary porosity, 100-1000 md perm and 30-40 m thick. Two types: foram sand "drifts" deposited by bottom currents and foram "turbidites" deposited as submarine channel-fills and fans. "Foram drift" facies more common and best reservoir characteristics. Foram drift deposits in E JavaMadura Strait mostly latest Early Pliocene. Facies development related to tectonic event, partly coinciding with 3.8 Ma global sea level lowstand. Similar globigerinid-rich facies in Late Pliocene Selorejo Fm of C and E Java. E Pliocene drift facies widespread from E-most-C Java to Bali Sea, Late Pliocene examples appear restricted to Rembang Zone of NE Java) Schluter, H.U., C. Gaedicke, H.A. Roeser, B. Schreckenberger, H. Meyer, C. Reichert, Y. Djajadihardja & A. Prex (2002)- Tectonic features of the southern Sumatra-Java forearc of Indonesia. Tectonics 21, 5, p. 11/111/15. (Seismic suggests two units in accretionary wedge off SW Sumatra- SW Java: Paleogene inner wedge and Neogene- Recent outer wedge. Transtensional pull-apart basins along W Sunda Strait, etc.) Schmid, F. & H.W. Walther (1962)- Ein neuer Fundpunkt von Pliozan auf dem Gunung Sadeng bei Puger (OstJava) und seine Bedeutung fur das Alter der Manganvererzung. Geol. Jahrbuch 80, p. 247-276. (‘A new Pliocene locality at Gunung Sadeng near Puger (E. Java) and its significance for the age of the manganese mineralization’) Schmid, F. & H.W. Walther (1962)- Uber ein neues Pliozan-Vorkommen auf dem Gunung Sadeng bei Puger (Ost-Java). Paleontol. Zeitschr. 36, Suppl. 1, p. 216-217.


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('On a new occurrence of Pliocene on the Gunung Sadeng near Puger (E Java)'. Pliocene in S Mountains of SE Java N of Puger village, SE Java, are E Miocene Old Andesites overlain by M Miocene marls and Wonosari reefal limestones, locally with metasomatic manganese mineralization. At 80m above sea level karstified limestone overlain by thin conglomerates and sands with clasts of manganese impregnated limestone and wellpreserved, probably Pliocene-age shallow marine mollusc fauna) Schuppli, H. (1932)- Kort verslag over de geologische situatie van het Zuid-Rembangsche heuvelland. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 59 (1930), Verh. 3, p. 95-121. ('Brief report on the geological situation of the South Rembang hill country'. Early report on Mio-Pleistocene stratigraphy and structure of Kendeng zone by BPM geologist. With analyses of foraminifera and molluscs by Van der Vlerk and Martin) Schuster, J. (1911)- Die Flora der Trinil-Schichten. In: M.L. Selenka & M. Blanckenhorn (eds.) Die Pithecanthropus-Schichten auf Java, Geologische und palaontologische Ergebnisse der Trinil-Expedition (1907-1908), Engelmann, Leipzig, p. 235-257. (‘The flora of the Trinil Beds’. Central Java Pleistocene plant fossils from Trinil area 52 species, with 21 species no longer present on Java, but known from other parts of SE Asia, often at altitudes of 700-1500m. Lowland tropical species appear to be absent. All suggesting climate cooler than today (possibly ~6-7°C less) Schuster, J. (1911)- Monographie der fossilen Flora der Pithecanthropus-Schichten. Abhandl. Kon. Bayerischen Akad. Wissensch., Munchen, Math.-phys. Kl. 25, 6, p. 1-64 + 27 plates. (online at: http://bhl.ala.org.au/bibliography/7643#/summary) ('Monograph of the fossil flora of the Pithecanthropus beds'. Same paper as above) Schweitzer, C.E, R.M. Feldmann & C. Bonadio (2009)- A new family of brachyuran (Crustacea, Decapoda, Goneplacoidea) from the Eocene of Java, Indonesia. Scripta Geol. 138, p 1-10. (New family to accommodate fossil crab Martinocarcinus from Late Eocene of Kali Puru, Nanggulan, C. Java) Scolari, F. (1999)- Middle Eocene molluscs from the eastern and western Tethys; a discussion on shared taxa. In: B. Ratanasthien & S.L. Rieb (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. on Shallow Tethys (ST), Chiang Mai, 5, p. 403-414. (Eocene fossil molluscs from Nanggulan, C Java Two Tethyan molluscs species recorded for first time from Nanggulan. Looks like typical Tethyan fauna) Scolari, F. (2001)- The new species Sundabittium shutoi from the Middle Eocene of Nanggulan (Java, Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 53, p. 45-48. (New gastropod species from M Eocene lower Nanggulan Fm('Axinea Beds')) Sebayang, R. (2011)- Play baru, daerah lama, perspektif baru: identifikasi batugamping N11-N14 pada sub cekungan Ngimbang menggunakan data seismik 2D. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-097, 16p. ('New play, old area, new perspective: identification of N11-N14 limestone in the Ngimbang sub-basin from 2D seismic data'. Interpretation of M Miocene reefal buildups on 2D seismic in E Java basin, E of Cepu block, possible equivalents of Bulu Limestone and limestones in Tapen 1 well between 1475-1760m) Sekti, R.P., F. Hakiki, A.N. Derewetzky, C.J. Strohmenger, S.M. Fullmer, T. Simo, B. Sapiie & D. Nugroho (2011)- Facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy of Tertiary subsurface (Cepu Block) and surface (Rajamandala Limestone) carbonates of Java, Indonesia. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G063, p. 1-15. (Cepu Block late M Eocene- E Miocene subsurface carbonate buildups and associated deeper water calciturbidites and debrites similar range of environments as outcrops of Late Oligocene Rajamandala Lst) Selenka, M.L. & M. Blanckenhorn (eds.) (1911)- Die Pithecanthropus-Schichten auf Java. Geologische und paläontologische Ergebnisse der Trinil-Expedition (1907-1908). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 268 p.


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(Results of excavation of Pleistocene beds near Trinil, C Java, in 1907-1908. No new hominid remains found, but extensive documention of localities and invertebrate and vertebrate faunas and flora) Semah, F. (1982)- Pliocene and Pleistocene geomagnetic reversals recorded in the Gemolong and Sangiran domes (Central Java). Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 7, p. 151-164. Semah, F. (1984)- The Sangiran Dome in the Javanese Plio-Pleistocene chronology. Courier Forschungen Inst. Senckenberg. 69, p. 245-252. Semah, F., A.M. Semah & T. Simanjuntak (2002)- More than a million years of human occupation in insular Southeast Asia. In: J. Mercader (ed.) Under the canopy- The archaeology of tropical rain forests, Rutgers Univ. Press, p. 161-190. Semah, F., A.M. Semah, C. Falgueres, F. Detroit,X. Gallet, S. Hameau, A.M. Moine & T. Simanjuntak (2004)The significance of the Punung karstic area (eastern Java) for the chronology of the Javanese Palaeolithic, with special reference to the Song Terus cave. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 18, p. 45-62. (Caves in S Mountains (Punung- Wonosari) existed at least since middle M Pleistocene. Human remains, including numerous stone artifacts, date back to ~230 ka)

Sembodo (1973)- Notes on formation evaluation in the Jatibarang volcanic reservoir. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 131-147. Sendjaja, Y.A. & J.I. Kimura (2010)- Geochemical variation in Tertiary-Quaternary lavas of the West Java arc, Indonesia: steady-state subduction over the past 10 million years. J. Min. Petrol. Sci. 105, 1, p. 20-28. (online at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmps/105/1/20/_pdf) (Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of Miocene-Quaternary basaltic-andesitic lavas from W Java arc. W Java arc existed in current configuration since at least 15 Ma. Two parallel volcanic ranges: southern (VF; volcanic front) and northern (RA rear arc). Partial melting in mantle source greater in VF. Ffluid addition to mantle greater in VF. Across-arc geochemical variation between Tertiary and Quaternary lavas does not differ, implying W Java arc has been in 'steady state' over past 10 My, with continuous subduction input from Indian Ocean sediments and continuous upwelling and replenishment of depleted mantle source from back arc) Sendjaja, Y.A., J.I. Kimura & E. Sunardi (2009)- Across-arc geochemical variation of Quaternary lavas in West Java, Indonesia: mass-balance elucidation using arc basalt simulator model. Island Arc 18, 1, p. 201-224. (W Java Arc segment of Sunda arc >10 Quaternary volcanic centers, above 120 to 200 km depth contours of Wadati-Benioff zone. Quaternary lavas range from basalt to dacite. Incompatible element abundances increase from volcanic front to rear-arc in response to change from low-K to high-K suites. Nd-Sr isotopes of basalts between mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) source mantle and Indian Ocean sediment compositions) Setiadi, D.J. (2001)- Fluvial facies of the Citalang Formation (Pliocene-Early Pleistocene), West Java, Indonesia. J. Geosciences, Osaka City University, 44, p. 189-199. (Pliocene- E Pleistocene Citalang Fm of N Sumedang ~1000 m of fluvial deposits, one of thickest non-marine deposits on Java. Twelve facies defined in four sections. Overall environment interpreted as braided streams) Setiawan, H. (2011)- Characteristic of turbidite deposits of Halang Formation based on outcrops and thin Section petrography description in Cisanggarung River, Kuningan, West Java. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA11-SG-005, 8p. (Descriptions of outcrops and thin sections of M Miocene- E Pliocene Halang Fm upper bathyal turbidites along Cisanggarung River, S of Cirebon/ Kuningan. Formation comprises tuffaceous sandstone, conglomerate, marl and claystone, with andesite breccia in lower part. Low quartz, high feldspar suggest mainly volcanic arc provenance. Paleocurrent direction from N 280°-300°E (or SW?))


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Setiawan, N.I., Y.S. Yuwono & E. Sucipta (2011)- The genesis of Tertiary "Dakah Volcanic" in Karangsambung, Kebumen, Central Java. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011105, 16p. (On Late Eocene- E Oligocene island arc tholeiite volcanism in melange sediments of Karangsambung and Totogan Fm) Setijadji, L.D. (2005)- Geoinformation of island arc magmatism and associated earth resources: a case study of Java Island, Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan, 201 p. (GIS-based study of Java arc volcanism. Well-defined volcanic belts since Oligocene. Arcs experienced CCW rotation during Cenozoic with W-most Java as rotational pole. Backarc magmatism since latest MioceneRecent in C and E Java. W Java subducted oceanic crust is old (Cretaceous) and cold, avoiding partial slab melting. In C and E Java subducted slab younger (<50 Ma) and warm enough to melt, resulting in adakitic igneous rocks. Backarc magmatism after detachment of subducted slab between 270-500 km depth. Deeper mantle is upwelling through this slab window and produce backarc magmas characterized by low 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd values (mantle array). More than 90% of metallic mineral deposits located within Tertiary volcanic arc centers) Setijadji, L.D. (2010)- Segmented volcanic arc and its association with geothermal fields in Java Island, Indonesia. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali 2010, p.1-12. (Java has largest geothermal resources in Indonesia, but not uniformly distributed along island. Bigger prospects concentrated in few locations and can be related to geologic segmentation of Quaternary volcanoes. Major geothermal fields associated with magmas of Upper Pleistocene ages (~0.5-0.2 Ma)) Setijadji, L.D., S. Kajino, Y. Kohno, D.H. Barianto et al. (2005)- Reconstruction of Cenozoic volcanic centers in Java Island (Indonesia): a key for understanding the geodynamic of subduction zone. Proc. 3rd Int. Workshop on Earth Science and Technology, p. 433-443. Setijadji, L.D., S. Kajino, A. Imai & K. Watanabe (2008)- Cenozoic island arc magmatism in Java Island (Sunda Arc, Indonesia): clues on relationships between geodynamics of volcanic centers and ore mineralization. Resource Geol. 56, 3, p. 267-292. (Java island multiple events of Cenozoic arc magmatism. Crustal compositions, subducted slabs and tectonics determined spatial-geochemical evolution of magmatism and metallogeny. Backarc-ward migrations of volcanic centers through Tertiary. Post-Miocene-Pliocene roll-back effects of retreating slab, slab detachment, and backarc magmatism in C Java. Increasing K-contents of magmas towards backarc-side and in younger magmas. Oceanic nature of crust and likely presence of hot slab subducting under E Java created adakitic magmas. Deep-seated crustal faults focused locations of overlapping volcanic centers and metalliferous fluids into few major gold districts. Porphyry deposits mostly in Lower Tertiary volcanic centers in E Java. Highgrade, low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits in younger volcanic centers (U Miocene-Pliocene)) Setijadji, L.D. & K. Watanabe (2009)- Updated age data of volcanic centers in the Southern Mountains of Central-East Java Island, Indonesia. In: Proc. Int. Seminar on Geology of the Southern Mountains of Java, Yogyakarta 2009, 1, p. 125-132. Setyanta, B. (1999)- Stratigrafi kompleks Gunung Wayang, Pathuk, Yogyakarta, dan hubungannya dengan stratigrafi cekungan Pegunungan Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 9, 89, p. 21- . (Stratigraphy of the Gunung Wayang complex, Pathuk, Yogyakarta, and relation with stratigraphy of the Southern Mountains') Setydji, B., I. Murata, J. Kahar, S. Suparka & T. Tanaka (1997)- Analysis of GPS measurement inWest-Java, Indonesia. Ann. Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., 40, B-1, p. 27-33. (GPS measurements along Cimandiri and Lembang fault zones, W Java, suggest N part Cimandiri FZ moved to NE and area under NE-SW directed compression)


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Setyowiyoto, J., M. Datun & S. Winardi (2007) Geologi dan tinjauan petroleum system daerah Bancak, Kabupaten Semarang berdasarkan manifestasi permukaan. Media Teknik (UGM) 29, 1, p. 15-26. (Geology and review of petroleum system of Banjak area, Semarang District, C Java. Oil and thermogenic gas seeps near Bata in W Kendeng zone SSE of Semarang, NE of Salatiga) Setyowiyoto, J., B.E.B. Nurhandoko, A. Samsuri, B. Widjanarko & Thurissina (2007)- Influence of porosity and facies of Baturaja Carbonate to the seismic wave velocity: case study of Tambun Field West Java. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-G-102, 16 p. (Strong relationship between seismic velocity and lithology facies) Setyowiyoto, J. & S.S. Surjono (2003)- Analisis sedimentologi dan fasies pengendapan Formasi Kerek di daerah Biren dan Kerek, Kabupaten Ngawi, Jawa Timur. Media Teknik (UGM) 25, 4, p. 12-17. (online at: http://i-lib.ugm.ac.id/jurnal/detail.php?dataId=3349) (‘Analysis of sedimentology and facies of the Kerek Formation between Biren and Kerek, Ngawi, East Java’. Good outcrops along Solo River. Measured section of 250 m of SW dipping Kerek Fm sandstone-claystone turbiditic series. Banyuurip and Sentul Members deposited in middle-outer fan environment; age M- U Miocene (N13-N17). Sediments sourced from N (quartzose material) and southern mountains (andesite and tuff clasts)) Seubert, B.W. & F. Sulistianingsih (2008)- A proposed new model for the tectonic evolution of South Java, Indonesia. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-034, 22 p. (New model for tectonic evolution of Java, suggesting several continental fragments, separated by individual subduction zones, docked onto Java and underlie S Mountains. Old Andesites are arc-volcanic product of older subduction phase which predates present-day subduction, and formed above S-dipping subduction zone) Sharaf, E.F. (2004)- Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Oligocene- Miocene mixed carbonate and siliciclastic strata, East Java basin, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 220 p. (Oligocene-Miocene strata of E Java mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediments. Multiple stages of isolated carbonate mound growth surrounded by deeper marine off-mound sediments or by shallow-marine siliciclastics.Three main intervals: Kujung (∼28--22 Ma; carbonate mound and off-mound), Tuban (∼22--15 Ma; mixed carbonate-siliciclastic) and Ngrayong (Serravallian,∼15--12 Ma; siliciclastic progradion of tidally influenced deltas grading into turbidites, basinal shale, mudstone and chalk) Sharaf, E.F., M.K. Boudagher-Fadel, J.A. Simo & A.R. Carroll (2006)- Biostratigraphy and strontium isotope dating of Oligocene-Miocene strata, East Java, Indonesia. Stratigraphy 2, 3, p. 239-257. (Oligocene-M Miocene in E Java grouped into three stratigraphic intervals, Kujung, Tuban and Ngrayong Fms. Larger foraminifera and planktonic foraminifera overlap in occurrence in many localities. Biostratigraphic ranges of larger benthic and planktonic foraminifera tied to the ages from Strontium isotope dating) Sharaf, E., J.A. Simo, A.R. Carroll & M. Shields (2005)- Stratigraphic evolution of Oligocene-Miocene carbonates and siliciclastics, East Java basin, Indonesia. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 89, p. 799-819. (Multiple stages of carbonate mound growth in E Java Oligo-Miocene. Three phases (1) Kujung (mound carbonates), (2) Tuban (mixed carbonate-siliciclastic), and (3) Ngrayong (siliciclastic). Kujung unit (~28-22 Ma) limited to few outcrops. At base shallow-marine carbonates that grade laterally into deep-marine calcareous mudstone- chalk (lower Kujung). Lower Kujung sediments covered by chalk and marls. Tuban (~2215 Ma) shallow-marine mixed carbonate and siliciclastics and marine shale and chalk. At least six cycles of deltaic deposition with episodes of carbonate mound growth. Ngrayong unit (~15-12 Ma) period of regional siliciclastic influx and progradation of tide-influenced deltas and grades into turbidites, basinal shale, mudstone, and chalk. Ngrayong beds truncated by Serravallian-Tortonian Bulu carbonates) Shields, M.L. (2005)- The evolution of the East Java Basin, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 402 p. (E Java Basin originated in Eocene on continental crust, developing NE-SW trending paleo-highs at inception. Paleo-highs separated at wavelength of 80-100 km. Geohistory profiles and low heat flows in wells point to basin origin by lithospheric flexure of continental crust, not rifting. Stratigraphy mainly shelfal carbonates with


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influx of quartz sandstone in Miocene. Quartzose source from N of basin in Borneo, associated with exposed granites. Only Pliocene-Recent sediments (<5 Ma) sourced from volcanic centers to S. Basin development four stages (1) crustal buckling, starting in M Eocene with sediments in lows on folded continental crust; (2) flexural deepening, starting in Late Oligocene with gradual subsidence until E Miocene; (3) foreland inversion, starting in M Miocene, until M Pliocene; (4) arc convergence in U Pliocene with N-ward vergence of Sunda magmatic arc. During Pleistocene N- verging thrusts on S side of basin initiated reversal of basin symmetry) Shofiyuddin & S. Sutiyono (2010)- Petrophysical assessment for early water production in the Ujung Pangkah Field, East Java, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-030, 9p. (Ujung Pangkah oil-gas field offshore E Java with complex Early Miocene Kujung I (Prupuh FM) carbonate reservoir: E-W trending platform margin reef build-up with steep southern margin. Early water production suspected caused by mobile water through fractures and vuggy porosity) Shulgin, A., H. Kopp, C. Muller, L. Planert, E. Lueschen, E.R.Flueh & Y. Djajadihardja (2011)- Structural architecture of oceanic plateau subduction offshore Eastern Java and the potential implications for geohazards. Geoph. J. Int. 184, 1, p. 12-28. (Offshore S of E Java in early stage of Roo Rise oceanic plateau subduction. Oceanic plateau crust 12-18 km thick and area of ~100,000 km2. Upper oceanic crust high degree of fracturing. Forearc crust average thickness 14 km, with sharp increase to 33 km towards Java. Two possible models: either accumulation of Roo Rise crustal fragments above backstop or uplift of backstop caused by basal accumulation of crustal fragments) Shuto, T. (1974)- Notes on Indonesian Tertiary and Quaternary gastropods mainly described by the Late Professor K. Martin. I. Turritellida and Mathilidae. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology Palaeont. Southeast Asia 14, Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 135-160. (Mainly taxonomic descriptions of Miocene- Pliocene turritellid gastropods from Martin collection. With range chart, but no information on localities) Shuto, T. (1978)- Notes on Indonesian Tertiary and Quaternary gastropods mainly described by the Late Professor K. Martin. II. Potamididae and Cerithiidae. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology Palaeont. Southeast Asia 19, Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 113-160. Shuto, T. (1980)- A note on the Eocene turrrids of the Nangulan Formation, Java. Prof. Saburo Kanno Mem. Vol. 1, p. 25-52. Sidarto, T., Suwarti & D. Sudana (1993)- Geology of the Banyuwangi Quadrangle, Jawa. Quadrangle 1704-4, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 14 p. Siemers, C.T., J.A. Deckelman, A.A. Brown & E.R. West (1993)- Characteristics of the fractured Ngimbang carbonate (Eocene), West Kangean-2 well, Kangean PSC, East Java Sea, Indonesia. In: C.T. Siemers et al. (eds.) Carbonate rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia, Core Workshop Notes, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 10.1- 10.40. (Gas in tight, fractured M-U Eocene W of Kangean Island. Mud-dominated platform facies, average matrix porosity 2%) Siemers, C.T., L.C. Kleinhans & R. Young (1992)- Indonesian Petroleum Association 1992 SW Java Field Trip/Core Workshop. IPA Field Trip Guidebook, p. 1-116. (Fieldtrip to SW Java Eocene at Gunung Walat, Bayah. With overviews of sedimentary structures, depositional environments and core from Widuri- NW Java and Bentayan- S Sumatra wells) Siesser, W.G, D.W. Orchiston & T. Djubiantono (1984)- Micropalaeontological investigation of Late Pliocene marine sediments at Sangiran, Central Java. Alcheringa 8, 2, p. 87-99. (Upper Kalibeng Fm and marine intercalations of Lower Pucangan Fm at Sangiran contain > 30 calcareous nannoplankton taxa, indicating Late Pliocene age for both. Upper Kalibeng Fm assigned to Zone NN 16 (3.252.3 Ma), Lower Pucangan Fm within NN 16- NN 18 interval (3.25- 1.65 Ma).


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Silitonga, P.H. (1973)- Geologic map of the Bandung Quadrangle, Java. Quad. 9/XIII-F, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung. Silitonga, P.H. & M. Masria (1978)- Geologic map of the Cirebon Quadrangle, Java. Scale 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Simandjuntak, T. (2004)- New insight on the prehistoric chronology of Gunung Sewu, Java, Indonesia. In: Modern Quaternary Res. in SE Asia 18, p. 9-30. (Gunung Sewu (‘Thousand Mountains’ more accurately 40,000 hills) karsted Miocene limestone area underwent uplift in M Pleistocene) Simandjuntak, T.O. (1995)- Back-arc thrusting and Neogene orogeny in Java, Indonesia. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 242-260. (Late Neogene long, S-dipping thrust zone in back arc of Java, called Baribis Thrust in W Java and Kendeng Thrust in E Java. In W terminates at S end of Sumatra fault system in Sunda Strait, in E continues across Madura Straits to Flores Sea. Part of 'Sunda Orogeny'. also causing plutonic intrusions and uplift of S Java and Nusatenggara) Simandjuntak, T.O. (1979)- Sediment gravity flow deposits in Pangandaran-Cilicap region, South-West Java and their bearing on the tectonic development of southwestern Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 2, p. 21-54. (Sedimentology of Oligocene-Lower Miocene Jampang Fm near S Coast of C-W Java. Gravity flows rich in volcanic arc material. Lower part of succession derived from S or SW, upper part from N or NW. Similar deposits in Late Micene- E Pliocene Halang Fm) Simandjuntak, T.O. (2004)- Tectonostratigraphy of Jawa. In: Proc. Workshop Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa, Bandung 2003, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 30, p. 21-36. (Six tectonostratigraphic zones: Basement (J-K metamorphics 213-125 Ma and Cretaceous- Eocene granites 87-52 Ma), Paleogene volcanics, Paleogene shelf, Neogene volcanics and inter-arc, Neogene fore-arc and Neogene back-arc) Simkin, T. & R.S. Fiske (1983)- Krakatau 1883- the volcanic eruption and its effects. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, DC, 464 p. (Thorough and well-illustrated account of 1883 Krakatoa eruption and its effects) Simo, J.A., A. Ruf, T. Hughes, K. Steffen, A. Gombos et al. (2006)- Seismic and outcrop carbonate platform geometries and facies: Oligocene-Miocene, Java, Indonesia. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, 06-INT-12, 5p. (Seismic imaging of two intervals of isolated carbonate platform and mound development N of Madura: E Miocene, Kujung Fm and Late Miocene, Wonocolo Fm) Simo, T., D. Nugroho, J.T. van Gorsel, F. Hakiki, R.P. Sekti, C.J. Strohmenger, D. Noeradi & B. Sapiie (2011)Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Rajamandala Limestone. In: B. Sapiie & T. Simo, The stratigraphy and structure of the Oligocene (Chattian) Rajamandala Limestone, Bandung, Western Java, Indonesia, a technical field trip for geoscientists, Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Field Trip, 15p. Simo, J.A., R. Sekti, F. Hakiki, M. Sun, R.D. Myers & S. Fullmer (2012)- Reservoir characterization and simulation of an Oligocene-Miocene isolated carbonate platform; Banyu Urip, East Java basin, Indonesia. AAPG Geoscience Technology Workshop, Bali 2012, p.


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Simo, T., M. Weidmer, S. van Simaeys, R. Sekti, H. van Gorsel, C. Strohmenger & A. Derewetzky (2011)Sequence stratigraphic correlation and sedimentological implications, East Java Basin; comparisons and lessons learned from outcrop and subsurface studies. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-234, p. 1-9. (Stratigraphic correlation in onshore NE Java Basin between Late Oligocene- Miocene of subsurface Cepu Block and outcrops in Rembang Hills) Siregar, M.S. (1996)- Endapan pasang-surut dalam Formasi Wonosari. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 120-126. Siregar, M.S. (1997)- Sedimentasi batugamping Fm. Kalipucang di Jawa Barat Selatan. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 923-930. ('Limestone sedimentation of the Kalipucang Fm, SW Java') Siregar, M.S. (2005)- Sedimentasi dan model terumbu Formasi Rajamandala di daerah Padalarang-Jawa Barat. Jurnal Riset Geol. Pertambangan (LIPI, Bandung) 16, 1, p. 61-81. (online at: http://elib.pdii.lipi.go.id/katalog/index.php/searchkatalog/downloadDatabyId/7924/7924.pdf) ('Sedimentation and reef model of the Rajamandala Formation in the Padalarang area, W Java'. Late Oligocene- Early Miocene Rajamandala Fm carbonates interpreted to represent ENE-WSE trending barrier reef with reef front and basin to N. Reef front three facies (planktonic packstone, Lepidocyclina packstone and rudstone); reef core boundstone facies three subfacies ( framestone, bafflestone and bindstone). Boundstone facies deposited in reef crest to reef flat environment. Miliolid packstone facies in various environments including surge channel, lagoon and back reef) Siregar M.S., Kamtono, Praptisih & M.M.Mukti (2004)- Reef facies of the Wonosari Formation, South Central Java. J. Riset Geol. Pertambangan (LIPI, Bandung) 14, 1, p. Siregar, M.S. & D. Mulyadi (2007)- Fasies dan diagenesa Formasi Rajamandala di daerah Padalarang, Jawa Barat. Proc. Seminar Geoteknologi Kontribusi Ilmu Kebumian Dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, Bandung 2007, p. 19- 23. (online at: http://dspace.ipk.lipi.go.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/416/1/A-3(Safei).pdf) ('Facies and diagenesis of the Rajamandala Formation in the Padalarang area, West Java'. Five carbonate facies distinguished in Late Oligocene Rajamanda Lst. Facies map showing ~15km long WSW-NNE trending zone of reefal boundstone, fringed by reef slope Lepidocyclina packstones to N, lagoon- backreef miliolid packstones to S) Siregar M.S. & Praptisih (2008)- Fasies dan lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Campurdarat di daerah Trenggalek-Tulungagung, Jawa Timur. J. Riset Geol. Pertambangan 18, 1, p. 36-46. (online at: http://www.geotek.lipi.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/04_safeipraptisih_1.pdf. Facies study of Campurdarat Fm carbonates in S part of Trenggalek- Tulungagung area (E Java, S coast). Four carbonate facies types. Interpreted as barrier-reef with back-reef part to S and reef front facing North. Age reported as Early Miocene, but larger mentioned are zone Lower Tf and could be Middle Miocene; HvG) Siregar, P. (1981)- Diatom fossils of the Pucangan Formation, Sangiran Area, Central Java. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 238-247. Siregar, P. & Harsono Pringgoprawiro (1981)- Stratigraphy and planktonic foraminifera of the EoceneOligocene Nanggulan Formation, Central Java. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Pal. Ser. 1, p. 9-28. (Planktonic foram zonation of M Eocene- Early Oligocene Nanggulan Fm marine clastic section 20 km W of Yogyakarta Overlain by Late Oligocene 'Old Andesite Fm') Siswoyo (1982)- Heat flow measurements in the Northeast Java Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 18th Sess.CCOP, Seoul 1981, p. 236-243. Siswoyo, S.& Sandjojo (1980)- Heat flow in Cepu Area, Northeast Java Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 16th Sess. CCOP, Bandung 1979, p. 272-280.


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(Study of heat flow from 82 wells at 6 fields in Cepu area. Average T gradient 4.34 +/- 0.42 °C/ 100m. Heat flow 2.10 +/-0.17 HFU, much higher than world average) Siswoyo & S. Subono (1995)- Heatflow, hydrocarbon maturity and migration in Northwest Java. CCOP Techn. Bull. 25, p. 23-36. Situmorang, B., Siswoyo, E. Thajib & F. Paltrinieri (1976)- Wrench fault tectonics and aspects of hydrocarbon accumulation in Java. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 53-68. Situmorang, M., Kuntoro, A. Farurachman, D. Ilahude & D.A. Siregar (1994)- Distribution and characteristics of Quaternary peat deposits in eastern Jawa Sea. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 8, 4, p. 9-20. (Non-marine and marine sediments on E Java Sea seafloor between Madura and Kalimantan include channel, swamp, volcanogenic, kaolinitic and marine deposits. Widespread swamp deposits with peat layers in E Java Sea, with peat layers up to 0.72m thick. One thick peat layer S of Masalembo 0.4 m below sea floor in 30 m water radiometrically dated as Early Holocene. This confirms Kalimantan and Java were connected during Quaternary with Sunda River flowing in middle of area) Situmorang, M., Kuntoro, A. Faturachman, D. Ilahude & D. Arifin (1994)- Preliminary results on the occurrence of peat deposits in eastern Java Sea. Proc. 30th Sess. Comm. Co-ord Joint Prospecting Min. Res Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok, 2, p. 87-96. (Similar to above. Peat layers on Java Sea floor suggest land areas between E Kalimantan and E Java-Madura during the Quaternary, with the Sunda river flowing in middle of area) Situmorang, R.L., D.A. Agustianto & M. Suparman (1986)- Geological map of the Waru and Sumenep Quadrangle, Madura, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Situmorang, R.L., R. Smit & E.J. van Vessem (1992)- Geology map of the Jatirogo quadrangle, Jawa (1509-2), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 16p + map. Sjamsuddin, I.F. & Djuhaeni (2008)- Biostratigrafi dan lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Ngrayong di daerah Cepu. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 98-112. ('Biostratigraphy and depositional environment of the Ngrayong Formation in the Cepu area'. Discussion of foram biostratigraphy in and around M Miocene (N9-N12) Ngrayong sandstone in wells Cepu 1-6 (probably not real well names). With foram distribution charts, well correlations and paleogeographic map showing transition from inner neritic in North to bathyal paleoenvironment in South) Sjarifudin, M.Z. & S. Hamidi (1992)- Geology of the Blitar Quadrangle, Jawa (Quad. 1507-6), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Explanatory Notes 7p. +map. Smit-Sibinga, G.L. (1947)- The morphological history of the Java Sea. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 64, p. 572-576. Smit-Sibinga, G.L. (1949)- Pleistocene eustacy and glacial chronology in Java and Sumatra. Verhand. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 15, p. 1-31. (Discussion of control of Pleisocene glacial eustatic cycles on Pleistocene stratigraphy of C-E Java and S Sumatra (N.B.: Sumatra stratigraphy age interpretations too young; HvG) (See also critical discussion by M.G. Rutten (1952)) Smit-Sibinga, G.L. (1952)- Geosynclinal subsidence versus glacially controlled movements in Java and Sumatra. Geol. Mijnbouw 14, 6, p. 220-225. (Rebuttal of Rutten (1952) critical review of Smit Sibinga (1949) paper. Repeats conclusion that Pleistocene eustatic sea level changes do interfere with large scale sedimentation trends)


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Smyth, H.R. (2005)- Eocene to Miocene basin history and volcanic activity in East Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of London, 476 p. (Unpublished) (Exposed Cretaceous basement in E Java has arc and ophiolitic character. Archean age zircons in Miocene volcanics indicate basement beneath E Java includes Australian origin continental crust. Arc volcanism starts in M Eocene, earlier than previously thought (Late Oligocene). Many Cenozoic deposits previously interpreted as continental clastics from Sundaland significant volcanic component and local basement source. Many quartz sandstones described as 'mature' are primary, crystal-rich volcaniclastics. Extensive explosive Plinian-style volcanism in M Eocene- E Miocene of E Java. Potential super-eruption in S Mountains (Semilir Eruption) at ~20 Ma. Load of volcanic arc may have generated Kendeng zone flexural basin. Late Cenozoic deformation and associated uplift in number of phases and not single event) Smyth, H., Q. Crowley, R. Hall, P. Kinny, P. Hamilton & D. Schmidt (2011)- A Toba-scale eruption in the Early Miocene: the Semilir eruption, East Java, Indonesia. Lithos 126, 3-4, p. 198-211. (Major Early Miocene eruption Semilir eruption in S Mountains of E Java, with main phase at ~20.72 Ma) Smyth, H. & R. Hall (2003)- Field guide to the geology of South East Java. Univ. London SE Asia Research Group Fieldtrip, October 2003, p. Smyth, H., R. Hall, J. Hamilton & P. Kinny (2003)- Volcanic origin of quartz-rich sediments in East Java. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 541-559. (Volcanic arc active in S Java from M Eocene-E Miocene. After lull in M Miocene, Late Miocene-Recent arc activity ~50 km farther N. Most Eocene-Miocene sands onshore Java have high volcanogenic content) Smyth, H., R. Hall, J. Hamilton & P. Kinny (2005)- East Java: Cenozoic basins, volcanoes and ancient basement. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 251-266. (E Java geology and history overview. Archean zircons suggest Gondwana continental crust below part of S Mountains) Smyth, H.R., R. Hall & G.J. Nichols (2008)- Significant volcanic contribution to some quartz-rich sandstones, East Java, Indonesia. J. Sedim. Res. 78, 5p. 335-356. (Cenozoic quartz-rich sandstones from E Java long been assumed to be product of erosion of continental source, but significant volcanic component. Quartz from acidic volcanic sources commonly overlooked) Smyth, H.R., R. Hall & G.J. Nichols (2008)- Cenozoic volcanic arc history of East Java, Indonesia: the stratigraphic record of eruptions on a continental margin. In: A.E. Draut, P.D. Clift & D.W. Scholl (eds.) Formation and applications of the sedimentary record in arc collision zones. Geol. Soc. America Spec.Publ. 436, p. 199-222. (Indian Ocean lithosphere subducted continuously beneath Java from ca. 45 Ma, resulting in formation of volcanic arc, although volcanic activity not continuous. S Mountains Arc active from M Eocene- E Miocene (~45-20 Ma), and activity included significant acidic volcanism. Zircon ages in arc rocks indicates that acidic character of volcanism related to contamination by fragment of Archean- Cambrian continental crust beneath the arc. Activity in S Mountains Arc ended at 20 Ma with phase of intense eruptions. Volcanic quiescence from ~20-12 Ma, after which arc volcanism resumed in modern Sunda Arc,with axis 50 km N of older arc) Smyth, H.R., P.J. Hamilton, R. Hall & P.D. Kinny (2007)- The deep crust beneath island arcs: inherited zircons reveal a Gondwana continental fragment beneath East Java, Indonesia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 258, p. 269- 282. (Inherited zircons from Oligo-Miocene volcanic arc rocks along E Java S coast only Archean- Cambrian zircons, probably from underlying Gondwana continental fragment, probably from W Australia. Clastics from N and W parts of E Java mainly Cretaceous zircons, not present in arc rocks to S. This implies continental crust was present at depth beneath the arc in S Java when Cenozoic subduction began in Eocene.) Soe, U.T., J. Sinomiya, I.W. Warmada, L.D. Setijadji, A. Imai & K. Watanabe, (2004)- Geology and goldcopper mineralization at Selogiri area, Wonogiri regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Proc. 1st Int. Symp. Earth Res. Engineering and Geological Engineering Education, Yogyakarta, p. 20-24.


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Soedjoprajitno, S & Djuhaeni (2006)- Unit genesa Pasir Ngrayong di Desa Ngepon Jatim, Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Geologi Bull., Bandung, 38, p. Soeharto, R.S. (1987)- Gold and silver mineralization in sulphide vein deposits of the Cikotok area, West Java, Indonesia, M. Sc, Thesis, University of Wollongong, p. Soeka, S. & Mudjito (1993)- Paleogene foraminiferal biostratigraphy and its problem in the South Central Jawa, Indonesia. In: Int. Symp.Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: Facies and Paleontology, Chiang Mai, Thailand, p. Soeka, S., Suminta, E. Thayib & T. Sudjaah (1980)- Neogene benthonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and datum-planes of East-Jawa basin. Proc. 9th Ann. Mtg. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. Soeka, S., Suminta & W. Sis (1981)- Neogene benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and datum-planes of East Java basin. Lemigas Scient. Contr. 1, p. Soeka, S., Suminta, E. Thayib & T. Sudjaah (1981)- The Miocene/Pliocene boundary in the North-East Java basin. Soenandar, H.B. (1996)- Western Indonesian Basins: constraints on their thermal history and provenance from Fission Track Analysis. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, 378 p. Soenandar, H.B. (1997)- Thermal history of the western Indonesian basins (Sunda-Asri, Northwest Java and Southwest Java): evidence from fission track geochronology of apatite. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 601-629. (Apatite fission track from basement in Ciletuh, SW Java, basement of NW Java Basin, and from EocenePleistocene sediments of Sunda-Asri, NW Java and SW Java forearc basins. Forward modelling indicates rapid increase in geothermal gradient Sunda-Asri and NW Java Basin since Plio-Pleistocene, probably caused by formation of Neogene volcanic belt. Ciletuh-Cimandiri region of SW Java forward modelling implies ~90°C of cooling in Late Miocene-Early Pliocene. This corresponds to ~3 km of inversion where basement is exposed) Soenandar, H.B. & P.J.J. Kamp (1998)- Constraints on sedimentary provenance in the Sunda-Asri Northwest Java Basins and the Ciletuh region: evidence from zircon fission track (FT) analysis (Poster abstract). Proc. 26th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 348. (Zircon FT data from basement and sediments SW Java. All rocks strong Late Cretaceous signals, etc. etc.) Soenarto, S. & S. Namida (1978)- Aspek tektonik terhadap perkembangan stratigrafi di daerah Todanan, Jawa Tengah. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 5, 1, p. 59-69. (‘Tectonic aspects from the stratigraphic evolution of the Todanan area, East Java’) Soeparyono, N. & P.G. Lennox (1989)- Structural development of hydrocarbon traps in the Cepu Oil field Northeast Java, Indonesia. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 139-156. (Cepu oil fields in shallow water limey-clastic sequence in rifting back-arc basin with NE-SW basement faults. Deformation in early M Miocene caused basement fault reactivation in Nglobo-Semanggi with wrenching and development of flower structures, causing erosion of main reservoir rocks. Later Pliocene flower structures in Nglobo-Semanggi area, reflected at surface as en echelon anticlines. Tambakromo-Kawengan area minor N over S thrusting along E-W oriented listric reverse faults with detachment at shallow depths and development of Tambakromo-Kawengan hydrocarbon-bearing folds. Such folds related to imbricate blind thrusts parallel to Tambakromo-Kawengan thrust) Soeparyono, N. & P.G. Lennox (1990)- Structural development of hydrocarbon traps in the Cepu oil fields, Northeast Java, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 4, p. 281-291.


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(New model for Cepu oil fields. Generally shallow-water sequence developed in rifting back-arc basin with NESW oriented basement faults. Early M Miocene reactivation of basement faults in Nglobo-Semanggi area with flower structures caused areally restricted erosion of main reservoir rocks. Upper Pliocene deformation accelerated development of flower structures in Nglobo-Semanggi, shown at surface as en echelon, oil-bearing anticlines. Tambakromo- Kawengan area minor N over S thrusting along E-W oriented reverse faults with shallow detachment depth. Further hydrocarbon-bearing folds may exist N of Tambakromo-Kawengan structure: blind imbricate thrusts parallel to Tambakromo- Kawengan thrust) Soeparyono, N. & P.G. Lennox (1991)- Structural styles, Cepu oil fields, Java, Indonesia. Exploration Geoph. 22, 2, p. 369-374. (same paper as above) Soergel, W. (1914)- Stegodonten aus den Kendengschichten auf Java. Palaeontographica Suppl. 4, 3, 1, p. 1-24. (Pleistocene Stegodont elephant teeth from Kendeng zone, collected by Elbert) Soeria-Atmadja, R., R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, H. Pringgoprawiro, M. Polve & B. Priadi (1991)- The Tertiary magmatic belts in Java. In: Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium on the dynamics and its products, Res. Dev. Center for Geotechnology (LIPI), Yogyakarta 1991, p. 98-112. Soeria-Atmadja, R., R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, H. Pringgoprawiro, M. Polve & B. Priadi (1994)- Tertiary magmatic belts in Java. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 1-2, p. 13-27. (Two episodes of arc volcanism E Java: “Old andesites” ~40- 18 Ma in Southern Mountains, then 12-11 MaRecent ~50 km farther N) Soeria-Atmadja, R., R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, Y.S. Yuwono & J. Cotton (1988)- Remarques sur la repartition du volcanisme potassique Quaternaire de Java (Indonesie). Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 307, ser. 2, p. 635-641. (Pleistocene K-rich volcanoes behind the active Sunda arc, at ~200-600 km above Benioff zone in E Java- Java Sea (Beser, Ringgit, Lurus, Muriah, Lasem, Bawean). Positions controlled by major faults oblique to Sunda arc axis. Origin ascribed to melting of mantle enriched in incompatible elements during previous events, e.g. OligoMiocene subduction beneath Java) Soeria-Atmadja, R. & D. Noeradi (2005)- Distribution of early Tertiary volcanic rocks in South Sumatra and West Java. The Island Arc 14, p. 679-686. (Three main phases of volcanism: (1) E Tertiary (43-33 Ma) island-arc tholeites (2) tholeitic pillow basalt in Miocene (11 Ma) and (3) calc-alkaline magmatism in Pliocene- Quaternary. Early Tertiary volcanics of Java S coast can be traced E as far as Flores; do not continue into S Kalimantan. Outboard shift in ?Eocene relative to Late Cretaceous arc related to docking of ‘Sumba microcontinent’, which also comprises much of E JavaPaternoster Platform- Spermonde Shelf, etc.) Soeria-Atmadja, R., H. Pringgoprawiro & B. Priadi (1990)- Tertiary magmatic activity in Java: a study on geochemical and mineralogical evolution. In: Pros. Persidangan Sains Bumi and Masyarakat, Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur July 1990, p. 164-180. Soeria-Atmadja, R., M.E. Suparka & Y.S. Yuwono (1991)- Quaternary calc-alkaline volcanism in Java with special reference to Dieng and Papandayan- Galunggung complex. Proc. Int. Conf. Volcanology and Geothermal Techn., 10 p. Soesilo, J., A. Subandrio & Sutarto (1996)- Studi petrologi lava Bantal pada seri Oligo-Miosen di Kaki Lereng Peg. Selatan, Jateng. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1996, 3, p. 409-420. ('Study of the petrology of Bantal lava from the Oligo-Miocene series of kaki Lereng, S Mountains, C Java') Soesilo, J. & Sutanto (2000)- Study on garnet bearing quartz-muscovite schist blocks of the Luk Ulo Melange Complex, Kebumen, Central Java. Proc. Ann. Mtg. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 2000, 4, p. 1-5.


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(Garnet-bearing quartz-muscovite schist outcrops in Kali Brengkok in melange together with ophiolite, Nummulites limestone, turbidite sediments, high pressure metamorphites and metabasite. Interpreted as continental protolith. K-Ar dates from muscovite yielded ~Aptian ages of 117, 115 and 110 Ma (Ketner et al. 1976, Miyazaki et al. 1998). Presence of Nummulites limestones as boudins in melange suggest melange formation still in progress in Eocene) Soetantri, B., L. Samuel & G.A.S. Nayoan (1973)- The geology of the oil fields in North East Java. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 149-176. (Description of the old Cepu area oil fields, E Java. All young surface anticlines, with M Miocene- Pliocene clastics reservoirs) Soetarso, B. & P. Suyitno (1976)- The diapiric structures and its relation to the occurrence of hydrocarbon North East Java basin. Proc. 5th Ann. Mtg. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. . Soewono & Setyoko (1987)- Application of the dual porosity concept for well log interpretation of Jatibarang volcanic tuff. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 87-105. Somosusastro, S. (1956)- A contribution to the geology of the eastern Jiwo hills and the southern range in Central Java. Indon. J. Nat. Sci. 112, p. 115-134. Sondaar, P.Y. (1984)- Faunal evolution and the mammalian biostratigraphy of Java. Cour. Forsch. Inst. Senckenberg 69, p. 219-235. (Seven successive Late Pliocene- Pleistocene vertebrate faunas, linked to changes in paleobiogeography) Sondaar, P.Y., F. Aziz, G.D. van den Bergh & J. de Vos (1996)- Faunal change and hominid evolution during Quaternary of Jawa. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 8, p. 1-10. (Quaternary vertebrate assemblages, from old to young: Satir (unbalanced island fauna), Cisaat, Trinil, Kedung Brubus, Ngandong, Punung and Wajak. Homo erectus found in several different stratigraphic levels) Sopaheluwakan, J. (1994)- Do Karangsambung (Central Java) and Bantimala (SW Sulawesi) form a single subduction process ? a provocative view. Proc. 30th Anniv. Symp., Res. Dev. Centre for Geotechnology (LIPI), 2, p. 7-8. (Cretaceous subduction complexes of Ciletuh (W Java), Karangsambung and Bayat (C Java), Meratus (S Kalimantan), and Bantimala and Barru (S Sulawesi) may belong to same orogenic belt. Bantimala and Barru complexes may form single and intact Mesozoic basement, linked to Meratus Range prior to Makassar Strait opening. Karangsambung and Bantimala share common early history and form single tectonic entity. Metamorphism- exhumation- accretion cycle in both areas in Late Jurassic- Cretaceous, with Bantimala earlier than Karangsamhung. Karangsambung accretion may have continued to Paleocene. HP metamorphism at 500600° C and 10-14 kb between 135-110 Ma, transformed basaltic rocks and trench-fill sediments into blueschist and eclogite at depths of >40 km. Fast uplift to 20-25 km immediately after peak metamorphism, while subduction continued during most of Cretaceous in C Java and ceased in Albian time in Bantimala) Sopaheluwakan, J., K. Miyazaki, I. Zulkarnain & K. Wakita (1993)- Early Cretaceous Eastern Sunda subduction metamorphism and its tectonic implications: record from Karangsambung and Bantimala eclogite. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. Sopaheluwakan, J., K. Wakita, K. Miyazaki & I. Zulkarnian (1994)- Late Mesozoic subduction polarity reversal along the southeastern Sunda Margin: a new vision on the Meratus-Bantimala-Karangsambung triangle. In: Tectonic Evolution of SE Asia. Conf., Abstract volume, London 1994, p. 56. Soulisa, B. & F.X. Sujanto (1979)- Hydrocarbon occurrences in the Kandanghaur-Cemara Area, North West Java. Proc. 8th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 223-245. (Hydrocarbons in pre-Parigi reservoirs on Pre-Tertiary basement. Reservoirs complex, consisting of volcanic tuff, conglomerate, sandstone and carbonate, and with facies changes and combination traps. Structures drape


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over basement blocks. Hydrocarbons in lower units (Jatibarang Volcanics, Lower Cibulakan) and probably also in upper units (Upper Cibulakan) originate from Talang Akar Fm. Vertical fractures important for hydrocarbon migration into upper units. High temperatures from DST probably related to recent volcanic influence and are higher than paleo temperatures indicated by maturation evaluation) Speelman, H. (1979)- Geology, hydrogeology and engineering geological features of the Serayu river basin, Central Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Rodopi, 155 p. Spicak, A., V. Hanus & J. Vanek (2002)- Seismic activity around and under Krakatau volcano, Sunda Arc: constraints to the source region of island arc volcanics. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 46, p. 545-565. Spicak, A., V. Hanus & J. Vanek (2005)- Seismotectonic pattern and the source region of volcanism in the central part of Sunda Arc. J. Asian Earth Sci. 25, p. 583-600. (Seismotectonics between Java-Timor. Aseismic gap without strong earthquakes in Wadati-Benioff zone between 100-200 km depth. Active calc-alkaline volcanoes in Sunda Arc above this gap. Majority of earthquakes in wedge above subducted slab attributed to deep regional fracture zones, displaying thrust tectonic regime. Clusters of earthquakes beneath active volcanoes seismically active columns, induced by magma transport through lithospheric wedge. No seismically active columns beneath volcanoes of C Java: not at outcrop of seismically active fracture zone) Spicak, A., V. Hanus & J. Vanek (2007)- Earthquake occurrence along the Java Trench in front of the onset of the Wadati-Benioff zone; beginning of a new subduction cycle? Tectonics. 26, 1, 16 p. Sribudiyani, N., R. Muchsin, T. Ryacudu, P. Kunto, I. Astono et al. (2003)- The collision of the East Java microplate and its implication for hydrocarbon occurrences in the East Java Basin. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 335-346. (Collision of Gondwanan microplate and Sundaland in Late Cretaceous- M. Eocene, creating Meratus Mts and Lok Ulo mlange in C Java. E-W structural trends of E Java inherited from microplate) Srivastava, R. & N. Kagemori (2001)- Fossil wood of Dryobalanops from Pliocene deposits of Indonesia. The Palaeobotanist 50, 2-3, p. 395-401. (Big petrified tree trunk in volcanic sediments near Bogor, W Java, showing affinities with modern genus Dryobalanops of family Dipterocarpaceae. Dryobalanops found today in tropical evergreen rain forests of Malaysia, Sumatra & Borneo, but not on Java) Stehlin, H.G (1925)- Fossile Saugetiere aus der Gegend von Limbangan (Java). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indië, Wetensch. Meded. 3, p. 1-12. (‘Fossil mammals from the Limbangan area, Java’. Diverse Pleistocene mammal assemblage in conglomeratic sandstone near Limbangan, Brebes dept, Pekalongan Residency, C Java) Stehn, C.E. (1929)- The geology and volcanism of the Krakatau group. Fourth Pacific Science Congr., Java 1929, Excursion Guide A1, p. Stehn, C.E. (1933)- Gids voor bergtochten op Java. Nederlands-Indische vereeniging voor bergsport, Batavia, 2nd. ed., 188 p. (Mountaineering guide book, describing climbing routes of 52 Java volcanoes by Volcanological Survey geologist) Stehn, C.E. & J.H.F. Umbgrove (1939)- Bijdrage tot de geologie der vlakte van Bandoeng. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. XLVI, 3, p. 301-314. (‘Contribution to the geology of the Bandung plains’)


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Stevens, J., E.M. Johnstone, J.V. White, G.C. Geary, O.P. Gross, J.G. McPherson, C.W. Rodda & A.B. Cahyono (2006)- A revised sequence stratigraphic framework and nomenclature, East Java Basin. Proc. IPA Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. and Exhib., 5p. Subandrio, A.S. & N.I. Basuki (2010)- Alteration and vein textures associated with gold mineralization at the Bunikasih Area, Pangalengan, West Java. J. Geol. Indonesia 5, 4, p. 247-261. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/281) (Bunikasih vein system in Pangalengan district, 60 km S of Bandung, is low-sulfidation, adularia sericite epithermal gold deposit, hosted by Late Miocene andesitic volcanic at SW side of Malabar Volcano complex) Subroto, E.A. et al. (2006)- Detailed petroleum geochemical analyses on sedimentary rocks collected from southern West Java, Indonesia. Proc. Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), 2006, p. Subroto, E.A., E. Hermanto, P. Kamtono & K. Kamtono (2010)- Source rock geochemical study in the Southwestern Java, a potential hydrocarbon basin in Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf., Rio de Janeiro 2010. Extended Abstract, Search and Discovery Article #1023612, 12p. (online at : http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2010/10236subroto/ndx_subroto.pdf) (Geochemical study of SW Java Eocene- Miocene outcrop samples from Ciletuh and Gunung Walat. Best source quality in Miocene Cimandiri and Nyalindung Fms, Oligocene Batuasih Fm and EoceneBayah Fm. Oligo-Miocene sediments immature- marginally mature and unlikely sources of gas unless buried deeply in basin. Eocene Bayah Fm coals significant oil and gas potential and locally mature. No oil seepage in area) Subroto, E.A., H.E. Wahono, E. Hermanto, D. Noeradi & Y. Zaim (2006)- Reevaluation of the petroleum potential in Central Java Province, Indonesia: innovative approach using geochemical inversion and modelling. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhibition, Perth 2006, 6p (extended abstract) Subroto, E.A., D. Noeradi, A. Priyono, H.E. Wahono, E. Hermanto, Praptisih & K. Santoso (2007)- The Paleogene Basin within the Kendeng Zone, Central Java Island, and implications to hydrocarbon prospectivity. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-091, 14 p. (Regional gravity map of C Java shows Kendeng zone is deep basin, and also indicates dissected by NE-SW structural lineaments that can be interpreted as S-ward prolongation of Paleogene structural trend. Stratigraphic studies in Paleogene outcrops in S part of Java revealed Paleogene basin present in S part of island. Geochemical analyses performed on selected sediments and oil samples performed) Sucipta, I G.B.E. (2006)- Petrologi batuan metamorf tekanan tinggi di daerah Karangsambung, Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Bul. Geol. 38, 2, p. ('Petrology of high-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Karangsambung area, Kebumen, C Java') Sucipta I.G.B.E. (2008)- The P-T path of metamorphic rocks from Karangsambung Area, Kebumen, Central Java. Proc. Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2008, p. Sudana, A. & A. Achdan (1992)- Geology of the Karawang Quadrangle, Jawa. Quad. 1209-5, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 10 p. Sudana, A. & A. Achdan (1992)- Geology of the Indramayu Quadrangle, Jawa. Quad. 1309-4, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 4 p. Sudana, D. & S. Santosa (1992)- Geology of the Cikarang Quadrangle, Jawa, Quad. 1109-2, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 13 p.. Sudarmono, S. Herbudiyanto & T. Abdat (2003)- The state of the art finding new oil and gas reserves in an old and mature area, offshore Northwest Java Sea. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 1-17. (Offshore NW Java basin mature area. Parigi carbonates neglected as targets because only gas. Success rate in Parigi <30 %. Commonly thick Parigi buildups only thin gas columns at top, although one accumulation has


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>200’ of column and holds >1 TCF gas. Example of U1 well. Oil and gas in channel-type sandstones of Talang Akar Fm. underdeveloped due to inability of seismic to image sandstones) Sudijono (1985)- Foraminifera from the mud volcanic area, Sangiran, Central Java. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary geology of the hominid bearing formations in Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 253-273. (Sedimentary rocks from mud volcano include limestones (M and Late Eocene with Nummulites- Pellatipira; E Miocene sandy limestones with Spiroclypeus, Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, Miogypsinoides) and marls with Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene planktonic forams) Sudijono (2005)- Age and the depositional environment of the Kalibiuk Formation of the Cisaat river section, Bumi Ayau, Central Java. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 2, p. 118-135. (Foraminiferea suggest mainly Late Pliocene ages (upper N20-N21) for Kalibiuk Fm) Sudijono, K. Mano & R. Wikarno (eds.) (1995)- Geology of the Quaternary environment of the Solo-Madiun area, Central-East Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 17, p. 1-128. Sudiro, T.W., G.A.S. Nayoan, A. Yasid, M. Lattreille, H. Oesterle et al. (1973)- The structural units of the Jawa Sea. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 177-185. (Java Sea several N-S and NE-SW trending highs and lows. Sedimentation started with Eocene transgression from the East) Sudjatmiko (1972)- Geologic map of the Cianjur Quadrangle, Java. Quad. 9/XIII-E, scale 1:100,000. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung (2n ed. 2003). (Rajamandala area, etc., W of Bandung) Sudjatmiko & Santosa (1992)- Geologic map of the Leuwidimar Quadrangle, Java, Quad. 1109-3, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 38p.. Sudrajat, A. (1975)- Batuan gunung api dan struktur geologi di Jawa Timur dan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 2, p. 19-22. (Volcanic rocks and geologic structure of East Java and West Nusa Tenggara) Sudrajat, A., I. Syafri & E. Budiadi (2010)- The geotectonic configuration of Kulun Progo area, Yogyakarta. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, 6 p. (Analysis of satellite imagery with field visits suggest three regional tectonic stages controlled development elongated dome of Kulon Progo in S Mountains, 30 km W of Yogyakarta: Meratus (SW-NE), Sunda (NNW-SSE) and Java trends (E-W). Not result of vertical undation force, as suggested by Van Bemmelen (1949)) Sugiaman, F.J. (1999)- Depositional and diagenetic models of Miocene Parigi and pre-Parigi carbonates, offshore northwest Java, Indonesia. Berita Sedim. (Indon. Geol. Forum) 10, p. 7-8. Sugiatno, H. & C. Prasetyadi (1998)- Structural geology of the Rembang Hill, Central Java. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. 16-25. (Rembang Hill in W Rembang zone is E-W trending monoclinal structure bounded by flexure in N and Jatipohon fault in S, and cut by E-W and NE-SW trending normal and sinistral slip faults. Major N70°E trending Jatipohon fault interpreted as normal fault, downthrown to N, with later inversion. Rembang Hill three segments, Klambu, Klampok and Todanan. W-most Klambu segment dominated by NE-SW sinistral slip faults with drag folds. Purwodadi High S of Klampok may act as structural barrier, weakening effects of N-directed compressive stress in West. Stratigraphic onlap of Ledok Fm on Bulu/Wonocolo Fms suggests Rembang structuration around 7.0 Ma event) Sugiharto (1984)- Stratigraphic traps defined by seismic data: a case study. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 227-240.


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(KL field in Arjuna basin off NW Java stratigraphic traps in Baturaja Fm carbonate and M Miocene Cibulakan Fm clastics) Suharsono & T. Suwarti (1992)- Geology of the Probolinggo Quadrangle, Jawa. Quad.1608-2, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, p. 9 p. Suherman, T. & A. Syahbuddin (1986)- Exploration history of the MB Field, coastal area of Northwest Java. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 101-122. (1982 MB field straddles NW Java coast, ~35 miles NE of Jakarta. One of several fields in M Miocene MidMain Carbonate buildup. Productive interval over basement horst block, Rengasdengklok High. Faults defining N-S trending horst may have acted as pathways from basinal areas (Ardjuna/Pasir Putih or Ciputat subbasin) Sujanto, F.X. & Y.R. Sumantri (1977)- Preliminary study on the Tertiary depositional patterns of Java. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 183-213. (Java five major E-W trending structural units, from N to S: Seribu Platform. N Java hinge belt, BogorKendeng Trough, Axial Ridge-flexure, Southern slope of axial ridge-flexure) Sujatmiko (1972)- Geologic map of Cianjur Quadrangle, Java, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Sujatmiko (2004)- Geologic map of Padalarang Quadrangle, Java, 1:100,000, 2nd. Ed.,. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Sujatmiko, H.C. Einfalt & U. Henn (2008)- Opal from Banten Province, Indonesia and its varieties. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 682-690. (Opal mined since early 1970s in 9 x 13 km2 area in Banten Province, SE of Rangkasbitung. Opal found in 0.32.3m thick weathered pumice layer in Late Miocene Genteng Fm volcanoclastic sequence. Types of opal range from common opal to hyalite, fire opal, and white and black precious opal) Sujatmiko & Santosa (1992)- Geology of the Leuwidamar Quadrangle, Jawa (Quad. 11093), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 38 p. (Map of SW Java, W of Pelabuhan Ratu. Oldest beds Eocene coal-bearing Bayat Fm) Sujitno, P. & E. Ruslan (1978)- Seismik di Jawa Barat: kemajuan teknologi processing meningkatkan kemampuan interpretasi. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI). 5, p. 49-62. Sukamto, B., B. Siboro, T.D. Lawrence & S.W. Sinclair (1995)- Talang Akar (Oligocene) source rock identification from wireline logs- applications in the deep Ardjuna Basin, Offshore Northwest Java. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 185-200. Sukamto, R. (1975)- Geologic map of the Jampang and Balekambang Quadrangles, Jawa, Quads. 9-XIV-A & 8-XIV-C, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 11p. Sukandar, S., S.A. Siregar & L. Leverbvre (1982)- A reservoir description, based on wireline logs, geological and production data, aids selection of new well locations for optimum oil production. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 415-427. (Reservoir description of Parigi limestone reef in Tugu Barat field, W Java. Thick gas cap and aquifer cause gas and water cuts in production from thin oil column. Two limestone facies: "reef core" with high vertical permeability, and overlying "reef debris" with better stratification and reduced vertical permeability) Sukandarrumidi (1983)- Geologi Pulau Kangean sebagai dasar pengembangan wilayah. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 223-231. ('Geology of Kangean island as basis of development of the region')


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Sukandarrumidi (1986)- Neogene foraminifera from the Rembang Basin, East Java, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis University of Wales, 292p. Sukandarrumidi (1989)- Late Cenozoic foraminifera from West Java (Jatibarang oil field, Java Sea). Ph.D. Thesis University of Wales, 730p. Sukandarrumidi (1990)- Biostratigrafi sumur pemboran CLS-X, Jatibarang. Media Teknik 12, 3, p. 150-162. (M Miocene (Lepidocyclina verbeeki- Ammonia umbonata zone)- Pleistocene (Asterorotalia trispinosa zone) biostratigraphy of Jatibararang CLS-X well, drilled to 2630m, NW Java) Sukanta U. et al. (1995)- Depositional environment of the Besole Formation in the western part of the Blambangan region, East Jawa. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. (GRDC) 4, 30, p. 9-14. (On Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene 'Old Andesites', SE Java) Sukanto, J., F. Nunuk, J.B. Aldrich, G.P. Rinehart & J. Mitchell (1998)- Petroleum systems of the Asri Basin, Java Sea, Indonesia. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 219-312. (Penetration of organic-rich, mature source rock by Hariet-2 well in 1995 helped define primary petroleum system. Good geochemical match between produced oils and E Oligocene Banuwati Fm lacustrine shales) Sukardi (1992)- Geology of the Surabaya, Sapulu Quadrangle, Jawa (1608-1609-1), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. . Sukardi & T. Budhitrisna (1992)- Geology of the Salatiga Quadrangle, Jawa (1408-6), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 15 p. + map. (W Kendeng zone and Quaternary arc, including Sangiran Dome) Sukarna, D. (1993)- Geokimia dan isotop batuan basal primitif (batuan gunungapi daerah Bayah). J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 3, 23, p. 2-9. ('Geochemistry and isotopes of primitive basalts (volcanic rocks of the Bayah area)') Sukarna, D. (1994)- Paleogeography and evolution of the Bayah area during Tertiary. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 4, 37, p. Sukarna, D.J., A. Mangga S. & K. Brata (1993)- Geology of the Bayah area; implications for the Cenozoic evolution of West Java, Indonesia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symp. Tectonic framework and energy resources of the W margin of the Pacific Basin, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 33, Kuala Lumpur 1992, p. 163-180. (Review of SW Java Eocene- Pliocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Island arc volcanics in Late Eocene, Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene and Late Miocene- Recent) Sukarna, D., Y. Noya & S.A. Mangga (1994)- Petrology and geochemistry of the Tertiary plutonic and volcanic rocks in the Bayah area. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 389-412. (Three episodes of Tertiary igneous rocks in Bayah area, SW Java, all calc-alkaline arc rocks: (1) Lower Old Andesite: Late Eocene- E Oligocene, 53-36 Ma; rel. primitive basaltic magmas (2) Upper Old Andesite (Late Oligocene- E Miocene) and (3) late E Miocene- Late Miocene) Sukaryadi, E.K.A. (2001)- Characteristics and sandbody geometry of the 34-1 reservoir, Widuri Field offshore Southeast Sumatra. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 105-118. Sukmono, S., D. Santoso, A. Samodra, W. Waluyo & S. Tjiptoharsono (2006)- Integrating seismic attributes for reservoir characterization in Melandong Field, Indonesia. The Leading Edge 25, 5, p. 532-538. (Melandong Field in NW Java Basin seismic attribute mapping) Sulaeman, C., L. Cendekia Dewi & W. Triyoso (2008)- Karakterisasi sumber gempa Yogyakarta 2006 berdasarkan data GPS. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 3, 1, p. 49-56.


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(Yogyakarta May 2006 magnitude 6.5 earthquake epicenter 10 km E of Bantul. GPS data suggest left-lateral strike slip along SW-NE trending fault) Sulistyoningrum, D. & Wartono Rahardjo (2010)- Identification and paleoecology of coraline fossils (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Jonggrangan Limestone, Western Slope of Kucir Hill, West Progo Area, Yogyakarta Special Province. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA10-G-056, 9p. (On corals from M-L Miocene Jonggrangan Fm reefal limestone, Kucir Hill, W Progo Mts, S Central Java) Sumantri, Y.R., (1982)- Gas karbondioksida didalam cekungan minyak Jawa Barat Utara (suatu pandangan mengenai genesanya). Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 213-236. ('Carbon dioxide gas in the NW Java oil basin...') Sumarso & T. Ismoyowati (1975)- Contribution to the stratigraphy of the Jiwo Hills and their southern surroundings (Central Java). Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc, 2, p. 19-26. (Bayat area M-L Eocene clastics overlain by latest Oligocene- E Miocene volcanoclastics. M Miocene angular unconformity between Semilir beds (up to N9; basal M Miocene) and overlying Wonosari beds (N12). Late Miocene-Pliocene absent, probably erosion after Late Pliocene orogeny) Sumarso & N. Suparyono (1974)- A contribution to the stratigraphy of the Bumiayu area. Proc. 3rd Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol (IAGI), p. Sumosusastro, S. (1957)- A contribution to the geology of eastern Djiwo Hills and the Southern Range in Central Java. Indon. J. Natural Science 112, 2, p. 115-134. (Geologic history in Jiwo hills and adjacent Southern Mountains in C Java begins with Mesozoic deposition, uplifted during Late Cretaceous or E Eocene orogenic activity. Eocene transgressions and regressions followed by Oligocene orogenic phase with diorite intrusionsfolding pre-Tertiary-Eocene complex. Volcanic activity in lower Miocene time followed by M Miocene transgression, Mio-Pliocene uplift and E Pleistocene basalt extrusions. Collapse of geanticline along E-W faults to form rift zone was last tectonic event) Sunardi, E. (2004)- Lithofacies stratigraphy and characteristic of Jampang Formation. In: Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 30, p. 107-111. (Early Miocene Jampang Fm oldest volcanogenic deposit on Java. Breccias clasts mainly basalt, also skeletal limestone, lithic tuff, ripped-up tuffaceous sandstone) Sunardi, E. (2010)- Penelitian Magnetostratigrafi dan penerapan satuan stratigrafi polaritas magnet sebagai satuan kronostratigrafi: studi kasus di cekungan Bandung serta daerah Mojokerto dan Sangiran, Jawa. J. Geol. Indonesia 5, 2, p. 137-150. (Palaeomagnetic record used to correlate stratigraphies of last 3-4 Ma of Sangiran Area, C Java, Mojokerto, E Java and Bandung Basin, W Java) Sunardi, E. & B.G. Adhiperdana (2008)- An account for the petroleum prospectivity in the Southern Mountains of west Java: a geological frontier in the west? Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-083, 12p. (S mountains of W Java largely consists of inverted sub-basins, with deformed Tertiary sediments and dissected arc remnants. Base Tertiary ranges from >2000 meters depth to PreTertiary exposure at Ciletuh. Early Tertiary coal and shales likely source rocks. Geochemical results from 200-400 m well samples of Paleogene sediments indicate mature and oil/gas prone source rocks. Potential for significant petroleum accumulations appears greatest in E part) Sunardi, E., B.G. Adhiperdana, Nurdradjat, N. Muchsin, T.W. Kunto & R. Ryacudu (2001)- Facies analysis of the Cisubuh Formation outcrops analogues at Brebes-Tegal- Pemalang district, Central Java. Proc. 2nd Reg. Seminar Indon. Sediment. Forum, p. 32-36. Sunardi, E. & J. Kimura (1998)- Temporal chemical variations in late Cenozoic volcanic rocks around the Bandung Basin, West Java, Indonesia. J. Min., Petrol. Econ. Geol., Tokyo, 93, 4, p. 103-128.


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(online at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ganko/93/4/103/_pdf) (Bandung Basin on axis of Sunda arc in W Java. Underlain by young basaltic-dacitic volcanics with ~4.1 MaRecent K-Ar ages. Trace elements suggest continuous cooling of mantle wedge, with resurgence of degree of melting between ~1.1- 0.6 Ma, same time as axial uplift in Sunda arc and may be due to kinematic change in subduction of Indian-Australian Plate beneath Sunda arc) Sunardi, E. & R.P. Koesoemadinata (1999)- New K-Ar Ages of the magmatic evolution of the SundaTangkuban Perahu volcano complex formation, West Java, Indonesia. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 63-72. Sunarya, Y. & S. Suharto (1989)- The epithermal gold deposits in Cikotok area, West Java. In: First workshop on epithermal gold mineralization, ESCAP, Resources Div. and Geol. Survey Japan, Tsukuba 1989, 15p. Sunarya, Y., S.S. Sudirman & T. Kosasih (1992)- The epithermal gold deposits in the Cikotok area, West Java, Indonesia. In: Epithermal gold in Asia and the Pacific, Mineral Concentrations and Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the ESCAP Region series, UN ESCAP, 6, p. 54-59. (Gold mined since 1936 Cikotok area, Bayah Dome, SW Java. Gold in epithermal, sulpide-bearing quartz veins, mainly in N-S trending fractures. Hosted by propylitized Oligo-Miocene 'Old Andesites') Sunjaya, E.S., A. Amir, D. Sudarmawan & A.H. Satyana (2006)- Sedimentology of Wonosari carbonates Southern Yogyakarta: outcrop study and petroleum implications. AAPG Int. Conf., Perth 2006. (Abstract only) (Wonosari reefal carbonates rimmed shelf platform, deepening to N. Depositional environments from shallow S to deep N: (1) back reef-shelf with patch reef and algal foram packstones; (2) reef zone with boundstones and packstones-grainstones cut by surge channels; (3) reef slope with packstones and rudstones; (4) toe to slope with planktonic packstones and wackestones. Diagenetic processes: micritization, dolomitization, and dissolution. Locally good porosities. M Miocene Sambipitu Fm may provide source rocks but distribution limited. Mio-Pliocene Kepek limestones and marls may partly seal Wonosari reefs. Oil seeps absent in area) Sunjaya E.S., M. Indra Novian, E. Biantoro & A.H.Satyana (2006)- Exploration challenge on Kendeng zone: outcrop study and petroleum indication. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, p. (Poster) Suparka, M.E. (1988)- Studi petrologi dan geokimia kompleks ofiolit Karangsambung utara Luh Ulo, Jawa Tengah, Evolusi geologi Jawa Tengah. Doct. Thesis, Inst. Tekn. Bandung, 181 p. (‘Study on petrology and geochemistry of North Karangsambung ophiolite, Luh Ulo, geological evolution of Central Java’). Suparka, M.E., S. Martodjojo & R. Soeria-Atmadja (1990)- Cretaceous- Early Tertiary magmatic belt in Java: and its surrounding areas. In: Pros. Persidangan Sains Bumi and Masyarakat, Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1990, p. 81-91. Suparka, M.E. & R. Soeria-Atmadja (1991)- Major element chemistry and REE patterns of the Luk Ulo ophiolites, Central Java. Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium on the dynamics of subduction and its products, LIPI, Yogyakarta, p. 204-218. Supriatna, S., L. Sarmili, D. Sudana & A. Koswara (1992)- Geologic map of the Karangnunggal Quadrangle, Java, Quad. 1308-1, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Supriyadi, B. (1992)- The role of wrench faults for hydrocarbon accumulation in Madura Island. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 207-222. Supriyanto & A.M.T. Ibrahim (1993)- Model pertumbuhan sembulan karbonat akibat progradasi sesar naik di bagian Selatan cekungan Jawa Barat Utara. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 1162-1174.


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(Onshore NW Java Miocene Upper Cibulakan and Prigi Fm carbonates development) Suratman, (1997)- Iodiom di Cekungan Jawa Timur. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 140152. ('Iodine in the East Java Basin') Suratman, R.P. Koesoemadinata & E. Suparka (1994)- Stratigraphic sequence and carbonate diagenesis of the Paciran Formation, Northeast Java basin. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 19-32. (Pliocene Paciran Fm limestone on Tuban High unconformable on early M Miocene Tuban Fm. Two caliche horizons subdivive formation into three sequences. Discussion of diagenesis) Suratman & S. Musliki (1996)- Anggota Ngrayong sebagai endapan regresif yang berprogradasi kaerah selatan. Proc. 25h Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. 262 - 274. ('The Ngrayong member as regressive deposit of a south prograding system'. NE Java Middle Miocene sands) Suria, C. (1991)- Development strategy in the BZZ Field and the importance of detailed depositional model studies in the reservoir characterization of Talang Akar channel sandstones. Proc 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.1, p. 419-451. Suria, C., C.D. Atkinson, S.W. Sinclair, M.J. Gresko & B. Mahaperdana (1994)- Application of integrated sequence stratigraphic techniques in non-marine/marginal marine sediments; an example from the Upper Talang Akar Formation, Offshore Northwest Java. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 145-159. Suria, C., P.J. Butterworth, M.J. Gresko, S.W. Sinclair & C.D. Atkinson (1995)- Sequence stratigraphic surfaces identified on conventional core data: Talang Akar Formation, Ardjuna Basin, offshore Northwest Java. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence stratigraphy in SE Asia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 327. (Abstract only) Surono (1992)- The stratigraphic relationship between the Punung and the Wonosari Formations, Central Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 15, p. 31-37. (M Miocene Punung and Wonosari limestones of S Mountains of C Java can not be differentiated and proposed to be united in one unit) Surono (2005)- Sedimentology of the Paleogene Nanggulan Formation, West of Yogyakarta. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 1, p. 75-74? Surono (2008)- Sedimentasi Formasi Semilir di Desa Sendang, Wuryantoro, Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 18, 1, p. 29-41. (‘Semilir Fm sedimentation in Sendang village, Wonogiri, C Java’) Surono (2008)- Litostratigrafi dan sedimentasi Formasi Kebo dan Formasi Butak di Pegunungan Baturagung, Jawa Tengah Bagian Selatan. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 3, 4, p. 183-193. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20080401.pdf) (Oligocene- E Miocene ‘Old Andesite’ volcanics outcrop E-W along N foot of Baturagung Mountains, S Central Java. Early Oligocene Nampurejo basaltic pillow lava overlain by Late Oligocene Kebo Fm sandstone, siltstone, tuff, and shale and E Miocene Butak Fm polymict breccia with sandstone, shale, siltstone. Volcanics all deposited in marine basin. Volcanism most active during upper Kebo and Butak Fms) Surono (2009)- Litostratigrafi Pegunungan Selatan bagian timur daerah istimewa Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geologi 19, 3, p. 209-221. ('Lithostratigraphy of the eastern part of the Southern Mountains in the Yogyakarta area and East Java'. Southern Mountains of C Java intensive volcanic activity in Late Oligocene- Early Miocene. Middle-Late Miocene widespread carbonate platform deposition)


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Surono, U. Hartono & S. Permanadewi (2006)- Posisi stratigrafi dan petrogenesis intrusi Pendul, Perbukitan Jiwo, Bayat, Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 16, 5, p. 302-311. (‘Stratigraphic position and petrogenesis of the Pendul Intrusion, Jiwo Hills, Bayat, C Java’) Surono & A. Permana (2009)- Lithostratigraphic and sedimentological significance of deepening marine sediments of the Sambipitu Formation, Gunung Kidul residence, Yogyakarta. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. ( IAGI ), Semarang, 16p. (On latest E Miocene (N8) Sambipitu Fm at Ngalang River section, S Mountains SE of Yogya. Thickness 223m, overlies E Miocene Nglanggeran Fm volcanic breccias and grades upward into marl-dominated M Miocene Oyo Fm. Lower Member dominated by sandstone and siltstone, alternating with breccias; Upper Member siltstone- mudstone intercalated with sandstone, marl and conglomerate. Lower Member deposited on tidal flat, affected by sedimentation of volcanic material, deepening to inner shelf in Upper Member (NB: generally viewed as deeper water turbiditic series; HvG) Surono, B. Toha & I. Sudarno & S. Wiryosujono (1992)- Geological Map of the Surakarta- Giritontro Quadrangles, Jawa. 1: 100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 2 sheets. Susilohadi (1996)- Late Tertiary and Quaternary geology of the East Java Basin, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wollongong. Australia, p. Susilohadi (1998)- Quaternary sequence stratigraphy of Madura Strait, Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Programmes E and SE Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, 2, p. 362-383. (Madura strait characterized by syndepositional folding forming a W-E trending basin between Madura and Java volcanoes. Basin with rapid subsidence and >200 m of Quaternary deposits. Deposition interplay between Quaternary coarse-grained volcaniclastics deposition in S, marine fossiliferous mudstone from exposed Madura in N, and Quaternary sea level changes. During major sea level fall, eastern Kendeng zone and Madura strait subaerially exposed, as shown by widespread thin fluvial and alluvial fan deposits) Sutan Assin, N.A.D. & A.N.S. Tarunadjaja (1972)- ‘Djatibarang’, the discovery and development of a new oilfield. Proc. First Ann. Conv. Indon.Petrol. Assoc., p. 125- 137. (1969 onshore waxy oil discovery 170km E of Jakarta. Reservoir Eocene- Oligocene Jatibarang Volcanics Fm, composed of >400m of sandy lithic tuffs with intercalations of andesits, red clay and basaltic intrusives) Sutanto (1993)- Evolutions geochimiques et geochronologiques du magmatisme Tertiaire de Java. Memoire de DEA, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, 89 p. Sutanto (2003)- Batuan volkanik Tersier di daerah Pacitan dan sekitarnya. Majalah Geol. Indon. 18, 2, p. 159167. (Eocene- Upper Miocene volcanic edifices in Pacitan area, S coast C Java, Common island arc andesites. K/Ar ages 42-9 Ma. Chemistry of M-U Miocene volcanics suggest derived from adakitic magma, from melting of young and hot lithospheric plate) Sutanto (2004)- Distribusi spasial dan temporal batuan gunung api Tersier di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. J. Tek. Min. 17, 2, p. 65-71. (Spatial and temporal distribution of Tertiary volcanic rocks in Central and East Java) Sutanto (2008)- Geologi dan prospek geowisata Perbukitan Jiwo, Bayat, Jawa Tengah. J. Teknologi Technoscientia 1, 1, p. 111-121. (online at: http://technoscientia.akprind.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/Sutanto_111_121-okbgt.pdf) (C Java Jiwo Hills near Bayat one of three places on Java with exposures of Pre-Tertiary and Paleogene rocks. Oldest rocks pre-Tertiary metamorphics, unconformably covered by Eocene Gamping-Wungkal Fm with Nummulites limestones. Cut by Late Eocene- E Oligocene (39.8, 33.2 dan 31.3 Ma) basaltic dyke. Unconformably covered by Oyo Fm calcarenite and marls. Proposal to preserve Jiwo Hills geotourism sites)


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Sutanto, R. Soeria Atmadja, R.C. Maury & H. Bellon (1994)- Geochronology of Tertiary volcanism in Java. Proc. Geologi dan Geotektonik Pulau Jawa, Yogyakarta, p. 53-56. Sutarso, B. & P. Suyitno (1976)- The diapiric structures and relation to the occurrence of hydrocarbons in Northeast Java Basin. Proc. 5th Ann. Mtg. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, 20p. Sutarso, B. & Suyitno Padmosukismo (1978)- The diapiric structures and their relation to the occurrence of hydrocarbon in North-East Java Basin. Geologi Indonesia (IAGI) 5, 1, p. 27-43. Sutiyono, S. (2009)- Reservoir water saturation and permeability modeling in the Pangkah Field. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 37. Sutiyono, S. (2010)- Integrated petrophysics in Kujung carbonate reservoirs, East Java, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA10-G-012, 7p. (On log interpretation challenges in E Miocene carbonate buildup of Ujung Pangkah Field, Java Sea) Sutomo, H. (1983)- Pengaruh tektonik pada batuan metasedimen di Sungai Lukulo sebelah timur Gunung Sipako. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 255-262. Sutomo, H. (1984)- Penentuan asal-usul kuarsa pada konglomerat kuarsa di Gunung Cakaran, Bayat, Jawa Tengah. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 455-461. Sutoyo (1994)- Sikuen stratigrafi karbonat Gunung Sewu. Proc. 23rd. Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 67-76. (Southern Mountains late Early- Middle Miocene carbonate sequence stratigraphy. Not much detail) Sutoyo & K. Santoso (1986)- Klasifikasi stratigrafi Pegunungan Selatan, dearah istimewa Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. (Stratigraphic classification of the Southern Mountains, Yogyakarta special region and Central Java. Sambipitu Fm spans zones N7-N9) Sutrisman, A. (1991)- Source rock distribution and evaluation in the Talang Akar formation, onshore northwest Jawa Basin, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis University of Wollongong, p. Sutriyono, E. (1998)- Cenozoic thermotectonic history of the Sunda-Asri basin, Southeast Sumatra: new insights from apatite fission track thermochronology. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16, 5-6, p. 485-500. Sutton, C. (1978)- Depositional environments and their relation to chemical composition of Java Sea crude oils. In: Seminar Generation and maturation of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins, Manila 1977, United Nations ESCAP, CCOP Techn. Publ. 6, p. 163-179. Suwardy, A., B. Situmorang, Mudjito & Hastowidodo (1984)- Sedimentological study of Gembong subdelta of Citarum delta complex. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 507-532. (Modern Citarum River Delta, NW coast of Java, shows different delta types at each of four tributaries). Suwarti, T. & R. Wikarno (1992)- Geology of the Kudus Quadrangle, Jawa. Quad. 1409-3 & 1409-6, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 8 p. Suwarti, T. & Suharsono (1993)- Geology of the Lumajang Quadrangle, Java, Quad. 1607-5, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 10 p. Suyanto, R. Hadisantono, Kusnama, R. Chaniago & R. Baharuddin (1992)- Geology of the Turen Quadrangle, Jawa (Quad. 1607-4), 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 13 p.


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Suyanto, F.X (1983)- Note on the carbonate outcrops in Krawang Selatan, Jampang Tengah and Jampang Kulon. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1982, p. 237-252. Suyanto, F.X. (1982)- Carbonate reservoirs in North West Java onshore area. Proc. Joint ASCOPE/ CCOP Workshop on hydrocarbon occurrence in carbonate formations, Surabaya 1982, 35 p. (Five gas-bearing carbonate reservoir horizons in NW Java: E Miocene Baturaja Fm and Zone 16, Middle Miocene Zone 15 and Zone 14, Late Miocene Parigi Fm) Suyanto, F.X. & Roskamil (1975)- The geology and hydrocarbon aspects of southern Central Java. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 61-71. Suyanto, F.X. (1982)- Notes on the carbonate outcrops in Krawang Selatan, Jampang Tengah dan Jampang Kulon. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 237-252. Suyanto, F.X. & Y.R. Sumantri (1977)- Preliminary study on Tertiary depositional pattern of Java. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 183-213. Suyitno, P. & I. Yahya (1974)- The basement configuration of the Northwest Java area. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 129-152. (NW Java basement: igneous rocks intruding into older metamorphic rocks. Radiometric dates of youngest igneous rocks ~58- 65 Ma (Paleocene); oldest metamorphic argillite dated as 213 Ma (Triassic)) Suyono, K. Sahudi & I. Prasetya (2005)- Exploration in West Java: play concepts in the past, present and future, efforts to maintain reserves growth. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 267-281. (Overview of 5 stages of oil-gas exploration of onshore NW Java since 1871. Not much technical info) Suyoto (1992)- Klasifikasi stratigrafi Pegunungan Selatan daerah istimewa Yoyakarta dan Jawa Tengah. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 472-485. ('Stratigraphic classification of the Southern Mountains, Yogakarta and East Java') Suyoto (1994)- Sekuan stratigrafi karbonat Gunungsewu. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 67-76. (Carbonate sequence stratigraphy of the Southern Mountains', C. Java) Suyoto (2005)- Stratigrafi sekuen cekungan depan busur Neogen Jawa Selatan berdasarkan data di daerah pegunungan Selatan Yogyakarta. Doct. Thesis Inst. Tekn. Bandung, p. (S Mountains S of Yogyakarta nine Neogene sequence boundaries. In Pacitan area angular unconformity between Oligocene volcanics and overlying quartz sandstones. S1= N7, S2 = N8, S3 = N9-N10, S4 = N11/N12, S5= N 13 S6= N14-N15, S7 = N 16/N 17, S8 = N18-N19, and S9 = N20-Recent. Correlation with global sealevel changes prove no age similarities. Two major transgressions and regressions: first transgression with S1 (late E Miocene), second with S6 (Late M Miocene). Early M Miocene onset of first regression with deposition of S3 and widespread caliche in Gunungsewu area, indicating Early M Miocene arid climate. Second regression in early Lt Miocene with deposition of S7 and diagenesis resulting in karst topography, still occurring today. Extensive karst topography indicates study area has been tropical since early U Miocene) Syafri, I., A. Sudrajat, N. Sulaksana & G. Hartono (2010)- The evolution of Gajahmungkur paleovolcano, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, as the reference to the revized terminology of "Old Andesite Formation". Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok 2010, PIT-IAGI-2010-231, 8p. (Evolution of Gajahmungkur E Miocene 'Old Andesite' paleovolcano in Wonogiri area, S Mountains, SE of Yogyakarta. Identified volcanic facies and location of paleovolcano vent. Four stages: (1) submarine volcano with pillow lavas, (2) emergence above sea level forming volcano island, with alternating lavas-pyroclastics; (3) self-destruction by formation of caldera, dominated by pumice, ignimbrite breccias; (4) declining activity, with more basaltic rocks)


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Syafri, I., A. Sudrajat, N. Sulaksana & G. Hartono (2010)- The evolution of Gajahmungkur paleovolcano, Wonogiri, Central Java, as a reference to revize the terminology of “Old Andesite Formation”. J. Geol. Indonesia 5, 4, p. 263-268. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/282) (Same paper as above) Syafrizal, A. Imai, Y. Motomura & K. Watanabe ( 2005 )- Characteristics of gold mineralization at the Ciurug vein, Pongkor gold-silver deposit, West Java, Indonesia. Resource Geol. 55 , p. 225-238. Syafrizal, A. Imai & K. Watanabe ( 2005 )- Origin of ore-forming fluids responsible for gold mineralization of the Pongkor Au-Ag Deposit, West Java, Indonesia: evidence from mineralogic, fluid inclusion microthermometry and stable isotope study of the Ciurug-Cikoret veins. Resource Geol. 57, 2, p. 136-148. (On Pongkor young (~2Ma) epithermal gold- silver deposits at NE flank of Bayah dome) Takahashi, K. (1982)- Miospores from the Eocene Nanggulan Formation in the Yogyakarta region, Central Java. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S. 126, p. 303-326. (online at: http://naosite.lb.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10069/16852/1/tpps126_303.pdf) (Palynology study of 48 palynomorph types in M Eocene lignite at Nanggulan, 17 of which are new) Takano, O., A. Disiyona, A.P. Tata & B. Heruyono (2008)- Sequence stratigraphy and depositional model of the Ngimbang carbonate reservoir in Pagerungan Utara offshore, Kangean Block, East Java. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-062, 11p. (Eocene Ngimbang Carbonate isolated platform reservoir in Pagerungan Utara two depositional sequences. Sequence boundary is onlap surface. HST of lower sequence lower-middle Ngimbang Carbonate), two shoal complexes with progradational and aggradational patterns at W to C part and E part of platform. During relative sea level lowstand topographic highs at center of the shoal complexes might be exposed. Subsequent relative sea level rise resulted in TST carbonate deposition (U Ngimbang Carbonate) only on platform with upward fining/deepening facies succession, and finally covered by hemipelagic shales (Ngimbang Shale)) Talo, A.J. & A.G. Randall (1985)- Krisna Lower Batu Raja waterflood project. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 169-194. Tang, J.E. (2006)- Provenance of quartz-rich sandstones deposited adjacent to the Tertiary Java Arc, Indonesia. Masters Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 299 p. (E Java Basin sandstones volcaniclastic to lithic subarkose to quartzose. S Mountains M Eocene-E Oligocene lithic subarkoses and lithic arkoses with detrital zircons from Eocene (37-46 Ma), Late Cretaceous (60-92 Ma), M Triassic (224-240 Ma) and Proterozoic (1084-1998 Ma), suggesting input from volcanic arc and distal cratonic source. Late Oligocene- E Miocene sandstones volcaniclastic litharenites with zircon ages mainly Late Cretaceous (70-85 Ma), indicating minor cratonic input to arc-dominated sediments. W Kendeng Thrust Zone M Oligocene sandstones are volcanic arc-derived lithic arkoses; E Miocene sandstones are lithic subarkoses with recycled orogenic signature from uplift of local basement and older sandstone. Wide range of zircon ages, mainly Cretaceous (64-128 Ma), also Triassic (204-252 Ma) and Proterozoic (1754-2385 Ma). M Miocene quartz arenites from Rembang Uplift Zone most mature sands in basin and derived from craton, with zircons mainly Cretaceous (73-141 Ma), with some Tertiary, Early Mesozoic, Paleozoic, and Proterozoic ages) Tanikawa,W., M. Sakaguchi, H.T. Wibowo, T. Shimamoto & O. Tadai (2010) Fluid transport properties and estimation of overpressure at the Lusi mud volcano, East Java Basin. Engineering Geol. 116, p. 73-85. (Mudstone of Late Pliocene- E Pleistocene U Kalibeng Fm source of mud at Lusi mud eruption, with lowest permeability of all samples. Permeability of U Kujung Fm limestone two orders of magnitude larger than Lower Kujung Fm limestone. Overpressure mainly caused by thick low-permeability sediments Upper Kalibeng Fm and high sedimentation rate. High overpressure below mudstone almost lithostatic levels. Small stress fluctuations, like Yogyakarta earthquake, may have caused mud eruption) Taverne, N.J.M. (1926)- Vulkaanstudieen op Java. Doct. Thesis Technische Hogeschool Delft, 132p.


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('Volcano studies on Java'. Descriptions of Java volcanoes, classified in three groups (1) volcano ruins (2 examples), monoconic volcanoes (9 examples) and polyconic volcanoes (7 examples)) Temansja, A.D.& D.C. Bushnell (1986)- A model for hydrocarbon accumulation in Sunda Basin, West Java Sea. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 47-75. Ter Haar, C. (1929)- Boemi-Ajoe District. Fourth Pacific Sci. Congr., Java 1929, Bandung, Excursion Guide E4, 15p. Ter Haar, C. (1933)- Aanteekeningen over de sediment petrografie van Java. De Mijningenieur 14, p. 136-138. ('Notes on the sediment petrography of Java'. New work confirms view of Rutten that old Neogene sediments of S Java are composed of volcanic detritus, those from NW and E Java are mainly detritus from Sundaland) Ter Haar, C. (1935)- Geologische kaart van Java, 1:100,000. Toelichting bij blad 58 (Boemiajoe). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Batavia. 50 p. (Geologic map and description of Bumiaya area SW of Slamet volcano, showing complexly folded NE-directed thrusts involving Miocene rocks; partly remapped as Majenang Quadrangle by Kastowo & Suwarna, 1996?) Thaden, R.E., H. Sumadirdja & P.W. Richards (1975)- Geologic map of the Magelang and Semarang quadrangles (11-XIV-B, 11-XIII-E), Scale 1: 100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 11 p. + map. Thamrin, M. & S. Prayitno (1982)- Heat flow measurements in the Tertiary basin of northwest Java, Indonesia. Proc. 18th Sess. CCOP, Seoul 1981, p. 224-235. Thayyib, E.S., E.L. Said, Siswoyo & S. Prijomarsono (1977)- The status of the melange complex in Ciletuh Area, South-West Java. Proc. 6th Annual Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Jakarta, 1, p. 241-253. (Structurally complex mixture of ultrabasic rocks (peridotite, gabbro, pilow basalts), metamorphic rocks (including glaucophane schist) and sheared sediments (probably Upper Cretaceous shales) probably melange complex. Possible continuation of Luk Ulo melange, 370 km to E. Overlain by M Eocene- Early Oligocene Ciletuh Fm quartz sandstones) ‘T Hoen, C.W.A.P. (1918)- Verslag over de uitkomsten van een geologisch-mijnbouwkundig onderzoek in een gedeelte der Residentie Rembang. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 45 (1916), Verh. 2, p. 202-254. (‘Report on geological investigations in Rembang Residency, E Java’. Rel. Detailed descriptions of Miocene stratigraphy of area around Ngandang-Lodan anticline, NW Rembang zone. Evaluation of 5-6 thin (<1m) coal horizons in what is now known as M Miocene Ngrayong quartz sandstone Formation, with detailed crosssections across Ng-Lodan anticline. Similar coal-bearing series in Panowan-Kadjar anticline WSW of Lodan) ‘T Hoen, C.W.A.P. (1930)- Geologische overzichtskaart van den Nederlandsch-Indischen Archipel 1:1,000,000, Toelichting bij Blad XVI (Midden Java). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 58 (1929), Verhand., p. 1-72. (Explanatory notes for 1929 1: 1 million scale geologic overview map of Central Java.) Thompson, S., D. Arpandi & F.X.Suyanto (1979)- Thermal maturity and oil generation with reference to the CMS-1 (Java) and Susu Selatan-1 (Sumatra) wells, Indonesia. Proc. 8th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 385-405. Tiede, C., A.G. Camacho, C. Gerstenecker & J. Fernandez, (2005)- Modelling the density at Merapi volcano area, Indonesia, via the inverse gravimetric problem, Geochem., Geoph., Geosys. (G3), 6, 9, p. 1-13. (3-D model of anomalous density for Merapi and Merbabu by inversion of gravity field) Tingay, M. (2010)- Anatomy of the ‘Lusi’ mud eruption, East Java. Proc. ASEG Conf., Sydney 2010, 6p. Tingay, M., O. Heidbach, R. Davies & R. Swarbrick (2008)- Triggering of the Lusi mud eruption: earthquake versus drilling initiation. Geology 36, 8, p. 639-642.


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(Lusi mud volcano in E Java unlikely to be triggered by Yogyakarta earthquake. Blowout in Banjar Panji-1 hydrocarbon exploration well was most likely mechanism for triggering Lusi mudflow) Tingay, M., O. Heidbach, R. Davies & R. Swarbrick (2009)- The Lusi mud eruption of East Java. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Cape Town 2009, 24p. (Extended abstract and presentation) (Online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2009/50187tingay/ndx_tingay.pdf) (‘Lumpur Sidoarjo’ mud eruption probably triggered by drilling of Banjar Panji 1 well in May 2006. Expelling mud up to 170,000 m3/ day. Mud flow now covers >700 ha of land to depths of up to 17 m, engulfing 8 villages) Tjia, H.D. (1961)- Tjatatan mengenai stratigraphy Pegunungan Karangbolong, Djawa Tengah. Proc. Inst. Tekn. Bandung 1, 3, p. 18-22. (online at: http://journal.itb.ac.id/index.php?li=article_detail&id=847) ('Notes on the stratigraphy of the Karangbolong Mountains, C Java'. Karangbolong Mountains part of Java S Mountains. Oldest rocks 'Old Andesite Fm' composed of Oligocene- Aquitanian andesitic eruptive and intrusive rocks, unconformably overlain by Karangbolong Lst (T f1-3). To N uppermost limestone beds interfinger with beds of Marl-tuff Mb of Tertiary f3. After this time marine sedimentation in this area came to halt) Tjia, H.D. (1964)- Paleo-current and initial slope indicators in the Subang area,, W. Java. Inst. Techn. Bandung, Contr. Dept. Geol. 54-58, p. 63-74. (Pliocene deposits of Subang area with sedimentary structures indicating currents mostly longitudinal. Some arenites of Lower Pliocene unit deposited by turbidity currents) Tjia, H.D. (1964)- Slickensides and fault movements. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 75; 7; p. 683-686. (On slickensides in Lokulo area, C Java) Tjia, H.D. (1966)- Structural analysis of the Pre-Tertiary of the Luk-Ulo area, Central Java. Inst. Techn. Bandung, Contrib. Dept. Geol. 63, 110p. Tjia, H.D. (1968)- The Lembang Fault, West Java. Geol. Mijnbouw 47, 2, p. 126-130. (Lembang fault, 10 km N of Bandung. Latest movement was mainly sinistral strike-slip) Tjia, H.D. & V. Tjioe (1964)- Origin of Tjongkang Hill near Tomo, West Java. Bull. Geol. Surv. Indonesia 1, 60 p. Tobing, S.M. (2003)- Inventarisasi bitumen padat dengan 'outcrop drilling' di daerah Ayah, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Kolokium Hasil Kegiatan Inventarisasi Sumber Daya Mineral- DIM, TA. 2003, p. 26.1- 26.3. (online at: http://www.dim.esdm.go.id/kolokium%202003/batubara/Prosiding%20Ayah.pdf) (Investigation of solid bitumen/oil shale in M Miocene Kalipucang Fm, Ayah area, Kebumen Regency, near S coast of C Java. Stratigraphy in area Late Oligocene- E Miocene Gabon Fm andesitic-basaltic volcanics, unconformably overlain by M Miocene Kalipucang Fm, mainly reef limestone, Late Miocene- E Pliocene Halang Fm turbidites and Late E Miocene- M Miocene andesitic intrusives Solid bitumen/oil shale deposits in Kalipucang Fm. Three main layers, 0.35- 3.90m thick, dipping 7- 65° to W-NW. Oil content 7- 50 liters/ ton. Bitumen resources is ~ 830,000 barrel oil) Toha, B., M. Datun & Widiasmoro (1986)- Guidebook of Southern Mountains: Turbidite system excursions. Assoc. Indon. Geol. (IAGI), 21p. Toha, B., R.D. Purtyasti, Sriyono, Soetoto, W. Rahardjo & P. Subagyo (1994)- Geologi daerah Pegununungan Selatan, suatu kontribusi. Proc. Geologi dan Geotektonik Pulau Jawa sejak akhir Mesozoik hingga Kuarter, Seminar Jurusan T. Geologi Fak. Teknik UGM, p.19-36. (Geology of the Southern Mountains: a contribution ) Tognini, P. (2007)- An alternative view on the existence of an effective petroleum system in the Bali-Lombok area. Ppt presentation SEAPEX Conf., Singapore 2007, 29 p. + Abstract, 2p.


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(Bali-Lombok area water depth 200-1000 m and extension of E Java Basin. Gravity data suggest thick Tertiary depocentre; part of Palaeocene and M Eocene rift system that developed between. Two stage rift model that progressed from E to W. Marine transgression progressed from SE to NW. By end M Eocene Bali-Lombok area fully marine. By Late Eocene deep marine environment while areas to N had just been transgressed. Potential lacustrine and paralic source rocks only in Paleocene- E Eocene. Geochemical evidence of migrated hydrocarbons in dry wells. Basin modeling shows Paleocene- E Eocene source rock reached peak oil by end Eocene, so only Late Eocene- Earliest Oligocene structures reasonable chance of capturing hydrocarbons) Tonkin, P.C. (1995)- Determination of permeability in sandstone reservoirs affected by diagenetic kaolinite, Cinta Field, Southeast Sumatra. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 45-59. (Sunda Basin Cinta Field produces from Late Oligocene Talang Akar Fm sandstones and overlying Baturaja Fm reefal carbonates. Sandstones frequently large amounts of pore-filling kaolinite, from breakdown of potassium feldspars from volcanic detritus) Tonkin P. C. & R. Himawan (1999)- Basement lithology and its control on sedimentation, trap formation and hydrocarbon migration, Widuri-Intan oilfields, SE Sumatra. J Petrol. Geol. 22, 2, p. 141-165. (Widuri-Intan oil in fluvial-deltaic Late Oligocene Talang Akar Fm. Asri Basin E Oligocene NE-SW trending rift. ~310 MBO produced. Cretaceous basement topography influences distribution of fluvial channels and sand pinch-outs. NW-SE shear zone offset basement between Widuri and Intan fields, and is site of silicification of mica schists. Lidya field reservoir pinches out onto eroded areas of basement silicification. Drape and compaction over eroded volcanic plugs enhanced structural-stratigraphic plays, incl. Widuri and Chesy fields. Reservoir at Indri field underlain by dolomitic limestone with circular karst sinkhole and collapse structures, extending from basement to over 900’ vertically into overlying Talang Akar Fm) Tonkin, P.C., A. Temansji & R.K. Park (1992)- Reef complex lithofacies and reservoir, Rama Field, Sunda basin, Southeast Sumatra, Indonesia. In: C.T. Siemers et al. (eds.) Carbonate rocks and reservoir rocks of Indonesia: a core workshop. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 7.1-7.32. (Five main lithofacies in Rama field E Miocene Baturaja Fm. Secondary porosity restricted to packstones of bioclastic debris from main reef. Rel. minor in-situ reef facies tightly cemented poor reservoir) Triwibowo, B. & K. Santoso (2007)- Potensi dan kualitas batuan Formasi Kujung sebagai batuan induk, pada lintasan Kali Wungkal, Tuban, Jawa Timur. In: Proc. Simp. Nas. IATMI, UPN, Yogyakarta, TS-03, 13p. (online at: http://elib.iatmi.or.id/uploads/IATMI_2007-TS-03_Bambang_Triwibowo,_UPNVY.pdf) (‘Source rock potential and quality of Kujung Fm rocks in the Kali Wungkal section, Tuban, E Java’. Samples from Oligocene Kujung Fm marls near Tuban suggest poor source rocks: low TOC and immature) Triyana, Y., G.I. Harris, W.A. Basden, E. Tadiar & N.C. Sharp (2007)- The Maleo Field: an example of the Pliocene Globigerina bioclastic limestone play in the East Java Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-G-115, p. 45-61 (Maleo field 2002 discovery in Madura Straits. Gas column 49 m in Pliocene Paciran and Mundu carbonates, consisting almost entirely of Globigerina. Structure partly filled 4-way closure. Gas ~ 99% methane, primarily biogenic. Proportion of lime mud matrix primary control on reservoir quality. Porosity up to 60%. Globigerina carbonates deposition in ~ 150- 250 m deep water, possibly on detached platform. Some oil production from Globigerina reservoirs onshore. Maleo first offshore discovery of this reservoir type to be commercialized) Turkandi, T., Sidarto, D.A. Agustiyanyo & M.M. Purbo Hadiwdjojo (1992)- Geology of the Jakarta and the Thousand Islands Quadrangle, Jawa, Quads. 1209-4, 1210-1, 1:100,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 14p. Tyler, D.E. (1997)- New and significant fossil finds from Sangiran, Central Java. In: N. Jablonski (ed.) Changing face of East Asia during the Tertiary and Quaternary, Proc. Fourth Conf. Evolution of the East Asian Environment, p. 498-515. Tyrrell, W.W. & R.G. Davis (1987)- Miocene carbonate shelf margin, Bali-Flores Sea, Indonesia. In: A. W. Bally (ed.) Atlas of seismic stratigraphy, AAPG Studies in Geology. 27, 3, p. 174-179.


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(Amoco seismic line showing SW prograding Miocene carbonate shelf margin) Tyrrel, W.W., R.G. Davies & H.G. McDowell (1986)- Miocene carbonate shelf margin, Bali-Flores Sea. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.,1, p. 123-140. (Central Lombok Block (CLB) N of Lombok/ Sumbawa underlain by Cretaceous melange and/or oceanic crust. After E Tertiary block faulting and nonmarine basin-fill, area underwent rapid subsidence. Most of upper Paleogene and Neogene in deep water facies, except along E and N margins where shallow water carbonate banks were progressively drowned. Local reversal of trend in Miocene along N part of CLB where shelf margin carbonate complex prograded ~9 km to SW over deep water basinal deposits during Miocene-?E Pliocene. This was followed by rapid subsidence causing "drowning" of N shelf margin after which slope was onlapped and covered by deep water Plio-Pleistocene mudstone) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1930)- Het ontstaan van het Dieng Plateau. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 3, 3, p. 131-149. ('The origin of the Dieng Plateau'. The elevated Dieng Plateau of C Java is not a caldera formation or crater bottom, but the floor of an old mountain lake, enclosed by a circle of volcanoes) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1945)- Corals from the Upper Miocene of Tjisande, Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 48, p. 340-344. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017948.pdf) (Reefal limestone lenses in Upper Halang Beds along Cisande R, N of Lurahgung, C Java. Associated with Aceratherium boschi rhinoceros tooth (oldest land mammal fossil known from Java) 21 corals species,15 could be identified, 47% still living. Percentage suggests Cisande limestone older than coral~bearing localities in Pliocene Sonde beds (Th), maybe around Mio-Pliocene boundary) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1946)- Corals from a Lower Pliocene patch reef in Central Java. J. Paleont. 20, 6, p. 521542. (Small hill of Gunung Linggapadang near Prupuk, C Java, is Lower Pliocene patch reef in marly Tapak Beds. Reef comparable to patch reefs in Bay of Jakarta. Well- preserved coral fauna of 70 species) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1946)- Corals from the Upper Kalibeng beds (Upper Pliocene) of Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 49, 1, p. 87-93. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018197.pdf) (35 coral species from Late Pliocene Upper Kalibeng Beds at Sonde in W part Kendeng zone, E Java) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1950)- Corals from the Putjangan beds (Lower Pleistocene) of Java. J. Paleont. 24, 6, p. 637651. (Forty species of corals from lower Pleistocene Pucangan beds of Kendeng zone, E Java, with only 50% living species. This abnormally low percentage probably due to special character of fauna which consists mainly of solitary 'deep water' corals) Umbgrove, J.H.F. & J. Cosijn (1931)- Java's zuidkust bij Tji-Laoet-Eureum. Verhand. Kon.Ned. Geol. Mijnb. Gen., Geol. Ser. 9, 2, p. 133-134. ('Java's south coast near Tji-Laut Eureum'. Unusual erosional features on limestone plateau) Umiyatun Choiria, S., B. Prastistho, R.E. Jati Kurniawan & Surono (2006)- Foraminifera besar pada satuan batugamping Formasi Gamping- Wungkal, Sekarbolo, Jiwo Barat, Bayat, Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Proc. Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, PIT IAGI2006-072, p. 1-11. ('Larger foraminifera from (Eocene) limestones of the Gamping- Wungkal Fm, W Jiwo, Bayat, C. Java'. Eocene larger forams from classic Jiwo Hills locality include Nummulites spp., Assilina spp., Pellatispira orbitoidea, Discocyclina, Spiroclypeus vermicularis, etc.) Umiyatun Choiria, S. & J. Setiawan (2001)- The claystone age of Wungkal Formation based on calcareous nannofossils in Gunung Pendul area, Bayat Klaten, Central Java. Proc. 30th Ann.Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 10th GEOSEA Conv., Yogyakarta, p.


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Untung, M. (1974)- Bouguer anomaly map of Jawa and Madura, Scale 1:1,000,000 (2 sheets). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Untung, M. (1982)- Sebuah rekonstruksi paleogeographi Pulau Jawa. Geologi Indonesia (J. Indon. Assoc. Geol., IAGI) 9, 2, p. 15-24. Untung, M. & Y. Sato (1978)- Gravity and geological studies in Java, Indonesia. Geol. Survey Indonesia and Geol. Survey Japan, Spec. Publ. 6, 207 p. Untung, M., K. Udjang & E. Ruswandi (1973)- Gravity survey in the Yogyakarta- Wonosari area, Central Java. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Publ. Teknik, Ser. Geofisika 3, 13p. Untung, M. & G. Wiriosudarmo (1975)- Pola struktur Jawa dan Madura sebagai hasil penafsiran pendahuluan data gayaberat. Geologi Indonesia (IAGI) 2, 1, p. 15-24. ('Structural pattern of Java and Madura as a result of preliminary interpretation of gravity data') Uruma, R., Y. Kohno, K. Watanabe, A. Imai, T. Itya, L.D. Setijadji & A. Harijoko (2007)- Migration of Subduction in Central Java, Indonesia. In: Proc. 5th Int. Workshop Earth Science and Technology, Fukuoka, p. 377-384. Usman, T.K., A. Bunyamin, E. Purnomo & I. Prasetya (2006)- Formasi Cisubuh sebagai batuan reservoir hidrokarbon di cekungan Jawa Barat Utara dan Jawa Tengah Utara. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI-026, 7p. ('The Cisubuh Formation as hydrocarbon reservoir rock in the NW Java and North Central Java basins'. Late Miocene- Early Pliocene Cisubuh Fm oil bearing in wells Jatirarangon 2 and 3 and Klantung-1) Usman, T.K., Y. Fahrudi, E. Purnomo & P. Astono (2005)- Potensi batuan induk di daerah Majalengka dan implikasinya tehadap keberadaan hidrokarbon di daerah cekungan Bogor. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and 30th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Surabaya, JCS2005-G084, 7p. ('Source rock potential in the Majalengkah area and implications for hydrocarbon rock potential of the Bogor Basin'. Geochemical/ biomarker study of rocks and oils from area near first oil well on Java, Maja 1) Usman, T.K., I. Yuliandri, M. Fajar, D. Hilmawan, A. Naskawan, M.J. Panguriseng & W. Sadirsan (2011)Strike-slip systems on Tanjung-Brebes area and their implication for hydrocarbon exploration. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA11-G-116, 8p. (On N Central Java basin (N Serayu Basin) pull-apart basin evolution and oil seeps) Usman, T.K., I. Yuliandri, M.J. Panguriseng, W.S. Sadirsan & D. Priambodo (2011)- New concept of Paleogene basin evolution of northern West Java. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-473, 5p. (NW Java Basin basin evolution tied to S-ward shift of position of Indian Ocean subduction system from Jurassic to present-day. In E Eocene-Oligocene NW Java Basin was back arc system with shallow marine clastics, limestone intercalations and volcanics. Late Oligocene termination of volcanic system in NW Java and start of lacustrine deposition. Late Oligocene Rajamandala Fm is equivalent to Pondok Makmur Fm in NW Java, below Talang Akar Fm and interfingering with U Jatibarang Fm. In E Miocene growth of carbonates in NW Java Basin, with active volcanic sedimentation in Bogor Basin in S. No figures) Utoyo, H., M.H.J. Dirk, S. Bronto & L.B. Kaspar (2004)- K-Ar age of volcanic rocks in Cipunegara, Subang, West Java. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 81-87. (Andesites from NE of Bandung show Late Paleocene (59+- 2 Ma) and Late Eocene (37 +-4 Ma) ages; possibly oldest volcanic rocks in region) Van Baren, F.A. (1948)- On the petrology of the volcanic area of the Goenoeng Moeria (Java). Meded. Alg. Proefst. Landb. Buitenzorg, Java, 60; 69 p.


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(Petrographic descriptions of volcanic rocks of Muria volcano, incl. leucite bearing series) Van Baren, F.A. & H. Kiel (1950)- Contribution to the sedimentary petrology of the Sunda Shelf. J. Sedim. Petrol. 20, 4, p. 185-213. Van Bemmelen R.W. (1934)- Geologische kaart van Java, 1: 100,000, Toelichting bij Blad 36 (Bandoeng). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederlandsch-Indie, Bandoeng. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1934)- Ein Beispiel fur Sekundartektogenese auf Java. Geol. Rundschau 25, 3, p. 175194. (‘An example of seconday tectogenesis on Java’. On young compressional structuring in mountains N of Bandung) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1937)- Examples of gravitational tectogenesis from Central Java (Karangkobar region). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie, IV Mijnbouw en Geologie, 4, 3, p. 55-65. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1937)- Geologische kaart van Java 1:100,000. Toelichting bij Blad 66 (Karangkobar). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Bandung, 50 p. (C Java Ungaran region, with original descriptions of Penyaten Fm, etc.. Four small areas with Eocene outcrops) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1937)- Igneous geology of the Karangkobar region (Central Java) and its significance for the origin of the Malayan potash provinces. De Ing. Nederl. Indie, IV, 4, 7, p. 115-135. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1937)- The volcano-tectonic structure of the Residency of Malang (Eastern Java) (an interpretation of the structure of the Tengger Mountains.). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie, IV, 4, 9, p. 159-172. (Discussion of E Java between Madura Straits and Indian Ocean and the Arjuna, Semeru- Bromo- Tengger and Lamongan volcanic complexes) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1938)- De Ringgit-Beser, een geplooide alkali-vulkaan in Oost-Java. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 98, p. 171-194. (‘Ringgit-Beser, a folded alkali-volcano in East Java’) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1938)- On the origin of the Pacific magma types in the volcanic inner-arc of the Soenda Mountain System. De Ingen. Nederl. Indie, IV Mijnbouw en Geologie, 4, 1, p. 1-15. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1940)- A limestone block in hyperstene dacite from the Koeda-neck (Kromong Complex, near Cheribon, W.Java). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 7, 3, p. 37-41. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1941)- Geologische kaart van Java, 1:100,000. Toelichting bij Blad 73 (Semarang) en 74 (Oengaran). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederlandsch-Indie, p. (Geologic map of Unguran sheet, 1: 100,000, C. Java) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1941)- Granitische intrusies in het Zuidergebergte van West Java. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie, 8, 2, sect. IV, p. 9-18. (‘Granitic intrusions in the Southern Mountains of West Java’. Two examples: quartz-dioritic intrusion 60 km S of Bandung and granodioritic intrusion 40 km SSW of Tasikmalaya) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1947)- The Muriah volcano (Central Java) and the origin of its leucite-bearing rocks. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, 50, 6, p. 653-658. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018362.pdf) (‘Mediterranean-type’ leucite-bearing rocks of Muriah volcano formed from limestone assimilation by ‘Pacifictype’ magmas. Volcanics of Rahtawu cauldron large inclusions of contactmetamorphic limestones with Katacycloclypeus annulatus, large Lepidocyclina, etc., belonging to (M Miocene) Rembang layers)


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Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- Java. In: The geology of Indonesia, Government Printing Office, Nijhoff, The Hague, 1, p. 545- 659. Van Benthem Jutting, T. (1937)- Non marine mollusca from fossil horizons in Java with special reference to the Trinil Fauna. Zool. Meded. 20, p. 83-180. (online at http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149951) (Monograph of fresh water molluscs from collections of Dubois, Elbert and Selenka and Bandung Geological Survey, mainly from Latest Pliocene-Pleistocene of Kendeng zone/ Trinil area) Van den Abeele, D. (1949)- Lepidocyclininae from Rembang (Java) with a description of L. wanneri n.sp. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. 52, 7, p. 760-765. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018695.pdf) (Lepidocyclinids from E-M Miocene 'orbitoidal limestone (OK)' of Rembang Beds near Sumberan, Bringin and Gegunung oilfield, SE of Rembang, N and NW of Bojonegoro. Molluscs from same samples described by Wanner & Hahn (1935). Seven Lepidocyclina species, mainly subgenus Nephrolepidina, some Multilepidina) Van den Bergh, G.D., J. de Vos & P.Y. Sondaar (2001)- The Late Quaternary palaeogeography of mammal evolution in the Indonesian Archipelago. Paleogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, p. 385-408. Van den Hoek Ostende, L.W., J. Leloux, F.P. Wesselingh & C.F. Winkler Prins (2002)- Cenozoic Molluscan types from Java (Indonesia) in the Martin Collection (Division of Cenozoic Mollusca), National Museum of Natural History, Leiden. Nat. Natuurhist. Mus. Tech. Bull. 5, p. 1-130. (Online at http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/45042) (Re-description of Tertiary mollusk type specimens from Java in K. Martin collection at Naturalis Museum, Leiden) Van der Kaars, W.A. & M.A.C. Dam (1995)- A 135,000-year record of vegetational and climatic change from the Bandung area, West-Java, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 117, p. 55-72. (Sediment cores from Bandung intramontane basin provide palaeoclimatic record for Java for last 135,000 years. Anomalously dry conditions in penultimate glacial period, around 135 ka, and very warm and humid interglacial conditions from 126- 81 ka. Reduction in Asplenium ferns from 81- 74 ka suggests drier conditions, while increased numbers indicate slightly wetter climate from 74- 47 ka Distinctly cooler and possibly drier climate from 47- 20 ka. For Last Glacial Maximum 4-7 ° C lower temperatures recorded) Van der Kaars, S., D. Penny, J. Tibby, J. Fluin, M.A.C. Dam & P. Suparan (2001)- Late Quaternary palaeoecology, palynology and palaeolimnology of a tropical lowland swamp; Rawa Danau, West-Java, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, p. 185-212. (Late Glacial- Holocene palaeoenvironmental record in W Java sediment core suggests open vegetation under drier climatic conditions for Late Glacial, but no clear evidence for cooler conditions) Van der Sluis, J.P. & D.R. de Vletter (1942)- Young Tertiary smaller foraminifera from the neighbourhood of Ngimbang, East Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 45, 10, p. 1010-1015. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017817.pdf) (129 species of mainly deeper marine foraminifera in Pliocene marls. Samples collected by Rutten in SW corner of 109-Lamongan map sheet. No location map, no stratigraphic context) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1923)- De stratigrafie van het Tertiair van Java. Wetensch. De Ingenieur in Nederl. Indie 4, p. 53-56. Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1924)- Foraminiferen uit het Tertiair van Java. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Oost-Indie 1, p. 16-35. (Miocene larger forams from W. Java: Lepidocyclina rutteni n. sp. from Tji Lalang beds and Lepidocyclina/ Miogypsina/ Cycloclypeus and Rotalia beccarii atjehensis n. var. from Nyalindung beds near Sukabumi)


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Van der Vlerk, I.M. & J.A. Postuma (1967)- Oligo-Miocene Lepidocyclinas and planktonic foraminifera from East Java and Madura, Indonesia. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet, Amsterdam, B 70, 4, p. 392-399. Van der Werff, W. (1996)- Variation in forearc basin development along the Sunda Arc, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Science 14, 5, p. 331-349. (Discussion of fore-arc beteen Sumatra, Java, Sumba) Van Dijk, P. (1872)- Geologische beschrijving der residentie Djokdjakarta. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 1872, 1, p. 151-192. (‘Geological description of the Residency Jogyakarta’) Van Dijk, P. (1872)- Beschrijving van het marmer voorkomende in de assistant-residentie Patjitan. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1, p. 193-215. (‘Description of the marble in the assistant-residency of Pacitan’. Investigation of suitability as building stone of ‘marble’ (crystalline limestone) at East side of Panggul Bay, Southern Mountains of SE Java. On 1992 GRDC map this is shown as E Miocene Campurdarat Fm in area with common andesitic intrusions) Van Dijk, P. (1873)- Steenkolen in het Semarangsche. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1873, 2, p. 164174. ('Coal in the Semarang area') Van Dijk, P. (1883)- Onderzoek naar het voorkomen van aardolie in de nabijheid van Poerwodadi. ass- res. Grobogan. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1883, Wet. Ged., p. 359-369. (Survey of the occurrence of natural oil near Purwodadi, Grobogan region'. NE Java) Van Dijk, P. (1884)- Over de geologie van het noordelijke, niet-vulkanische gedeelte van de residentie Soerabaja. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1884, Wet. en Techn.-Admin. Ged., p. 1-76. ('On the geology of the northern, non-volcanic part of the Residency Surabaya') Van Es, L.J.C. (1917)- Bijdrage tot de kennis van de stratigrafie van het Tertiair in de Residentie Bantam. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 44 (1915), Verhand. 2, p. 133-234. (‘Contribution to the knowledge of the stratigraphy of the Tertiary in the Banten Residency’ West Java. Attempt to compare S Banten and S Sumatra stratigraphies (but poor age control). Common andesitic intrusions) Van Es, L.J.C. (1918)- Geologische overzichtskaart van den Nederlandsch-Oost-Indischen archipel (schaal 1:1,000,000)- Toelichting bij Blad XV (Lampongs, Straat Soenda, Bantam). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 45 (1916), Verh. 2, p. 55-140. (Overview map and explanatory notes off southernmost Sumatra and W Java) Van Es, L.J.C. (1918)- De voorhistorische verhoudingen van land en zee in den Oost-Indischen Archipel, en de invloed daarvan op de verspreiding der diersoorten. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 45 (1916), Verh. II, p. 255-304. (Early paleogeographic map of Indonesia at end Pliocene and its implications for migration of animal species) Van Es, L.J.C. (1920)- Nadere gegevens over het Bodjongmanik kolenveld. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndië 47 (1918), Verhand. I, p. 150-153. (‘Additional data on the Bojongmanik coal field’; West Java. Details on coal thickness and composition. Coals thought to be too thin and poor quality for commercial exploitation) Van Es, L.J.C. (1926)- Geologische waarnemingen op Java. I. Het Djiwo en Zuidergebergte. De Mijningenieur 1926, p. 153-157. (Early description of classic Jiwo- Southern Mountains succession of Pretertiary metamorphics, overlain by Eocene clastics and limestones, Early Miocene volcanic breccias, unconformably overlain by young-Miocene limestones)


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Van Es, L.J.C. (1929)- Trinil. Excursion Guide E5, Fourth Pacific Science Congress, Java 1929, 14 p. (Field guide to Trinil hominid site, C Java) Van Es, L.J.C. (1931)- The age of Pithecanthropus. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 142 p. Van Es, L.J.C. (1935)- De beteekenis en het voorkomen van fosfaat op Java. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 2, 5, p. 37- 47. ('The significance and occurrence of phosphate on Java'. Small phosphate deposits found at many localities on Java, all in present or former cave deposits, and formed from bat excrement ) Van Gorsel, J.T., D. Kadar, Soenarto, Budianto Toha et al. (1987)- Central Java Fieldtrip June 18-21, 1987. Indonesian Petroleum Association Field Trip Guidebook, p.1-29. Van Gorsel, J.T., D. Kadar & P.H. Mey (1989)- Central Java Fieldtrip 27-30 October 1989. Indonesian Petroleum Association Field Trip Guidebook, p.1-67. Van Gorsel, J.T. & S.R. Troelstra (1981)- Late Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and climatostratigraphy of the Solo River section (Java, Indonesia). Marine Micropal. 6, 2, p. 183-209. (Late Miocene-Pleistocene planktonic foram biostratigraphy of deep water deposits of Kendeng zone in Ngawi section. Paleoclimate signal inferred from fluctuations in cooler-climate planktonic forams used to correlate with Mediterranean Miocene-Pliocene boundary stratotype) Van Regteren Altena, C.O. (1938)- The marine Mollusca of the Kendeng Beds (East Java). Gastropoda pt. I (Families Fissurellidae-Vermetidae inclusive). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 10, p. 217-320. (First of series of paleontological papers on molluscs from Plio-Pleistocene Kendeng Beds W of Surabaya. Material collected by Geological Survey, Bandung, personnel during Kendeng zone mapping survey (Duyfjes et al.) and by Cosijn. Molluscs mainly from Pucangan Fm, some Upper Kalibeng Fm) Van Regteren Altena, C.O. (1941)- The marine Mollusca of the Kendeng Beds (East Java) Gastropoda, Part II (Families Planaxidae-Naticidae inclusive). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 12, 1, p. 1-86. (also in: Wetensch. Meded. 28, Dienst Mijnbouw, Bandung) Van Regteren Altena, C.O. (1940)- The marine Mollusca of the Kendeng beds (East Java)- II, Gastropoda part II-V. Dienst Mijnbouw, Wetensch. Meded. 28, Bandung, p. Van Regteren Altena, C.O. (1943)- The marine Mollusca of the Kendeng beds, East Java, Gastropoda, pt. IV (Families Cassididae-Ficidae inclusive). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 13, p. 89-120. Van Regteren Altena, C.O. (1950)- The marine Mollusca of the Kendeng beds, East Java, Gastropoda, pt. V (Families Muricidae-Volemidae inclusive). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 15, 1, p. 205-240. Van Regteren Altena, C.O. & C. Beets (1944)- Eine Neogene Molluskenfauna vom Tji Gugur (Priangan), W. Java. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. 14 (Gedenkboek Tesch), p. 37-67. (Rich Neogene mollusk faunas from Priangan, SW of Bandung. No maps or stratigraphic context info) Van Simaeys, S., F. Musgrove, N. Stephens, A. Weidmer, A. Zeiza, R. Sekti, A. Derewetzky & T. Simo (2011)Early carbonate growth in the East Java Basin, Indonesia: a case study from the Jambaran Field. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-205, 13p. (Jambaran Field discovered in 2001. Tall gas column in steep-flanked Oligocene carbonate buildup with ~1,000 m of relief relative to platform. Main buildup ~10 km long, 1 km wide. Unconformities recognized on well logs and seismic coincide with global Rupelian- Chattian sea level fluctuations, subaerial exposure and meteoric diagenetic events)


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Van Tuyn, J. (1932)- Over de rangschikking der Duizend eilanden. De Mijningenieur 13, 7, p. 132-134. (‘On the alignment of the Thousand Islands’ (Pulau Seribu, NW of Jakarta)) Van Valkenburg, S. (1924)- Het district Djampang-Koelon. Jaarboek Topogr. Dienst 1924, Batavia, p. 1-9. ('The Jampang-Kulon District'. Geographic- geological observations in SW Java) Van Valkenburg, S. & J.T. White (1924)- Enkele aanteekeningen omtrent het Zuidergebergte (G. Kidoel). Jaarboek Topogr. Dienst 1923, Batavia, p. 3-16. ('Some notes on the Southern Mountains (Gunung Kidul)'. Geographic-geological observations in Southern Mountains (Gunung Kidul) SE of Yogyakarta) Vear, A. & D.M. MacGregor (1996)- 2-D basin modeling of secondary petroleum migration in the Sakala Timur PSC, Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 421-435. (E Java Sea Sakala Timur area basin modeling by BP. Reason for failure of ST-Alpha well was lack of suitable migration pathway from mature source kitchen to trap. Topseal capacity of silty Tertiary mudstones main risk) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1883)- Over de dikte der Tertiaire afzettingen op Java. Verhand. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 23, p. ('On the thickness of the Tertiary deposits on Java'. In Cirebon area Tertiary ~5000m thick) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1885-1886)- Krakatau. Landsdrukkerij (Government Printing Office) Batavia, Vol. 1, p. 1104, vol. 2, p. 105-567. (Famous report on 1883 Krakatoa eruption and its effects. Part 2 with 43 maps, 25 plates) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1891)- Voorloopig bericht over nummulieten, orbitoiden en alveolinen in Java en over den ouderdom der gesteenten waarin zij optreden. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 51, p. 101-138. ('Preliminary note on Nummulites, orbitoids and alveolinids in Java and on the age of the rocks in which they occur'. Includes first description of Cretaceous larger foram Orbitolina from Luk Ulo, C Java) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1897)- Kort geologisch overzicht van Java. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 2, 12, p. 173-186. ('Brief geological overview of Java') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1898)- Die Geologie von Java. Petermanns Geogr. Mitteil. 1898, 2, p. 25-34. ('The geology of Java'. Brief overview in German, with 1:2,250,000 scale map) Verbeek, R.D.M. & R. Fennema (1881)- Nieuwe geologische ontdekkingen op Java. Verhand. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Afd. Natuurk., 21, 32 p. (‘New geological discoveries on Java’. First report of Pre-tertiary rocks on Java, in two areas: metamorphic rocks S Serayu Mts/ Lok Ulo (Junghuhn had called these Tertiary) and metamorphic rocks on 'Zutphen islands' in Sunda Straits. Also first record of leucite-bearing volcanics of Muriah volcano, N coast of C Java) Verbeek, R.D.M. & R. Fennema (1882)- Nieuwe geologische ontdekkingen op Java. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 41, p. 5- 48. ('New geological discoveries on Java'. Same paper as 1881 paper above) Verbeek, R.D.M. & R. Fennema (1896)- Geologische beschrijving van Java en Madoera. J.G. Stemler, Amsterdam, 2 vols + Atlas, 1135 p. ('Geological description of Java and Madura'. Classic, first comprehensive geologic description of Java and Madura, with oversized atlas of geologic maps. First to recognize Paleogene sediments and Pre-Tertiary schists in Central Java, and locally great thickness of Tertiary sediments) Verbeek, R.D.M. & R. Fennema (1896)- Description geologique de Java et Madoura. J.G. Stemler, Amsterdam, 1183p.


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(Online at http://openlibrary.org/works/OL1558191W/Description_géologique_de_Java_et_Madoura) (without the maps) (French edition of Verbeek and Fennema book above) Verstappen, H.Th. (1953)- Djakarta Bay, a geomorphological study on shoreline development. Doct. Thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Trio, s-Gravenhage, 101 p. Verstappen, H.Th. (1954)- Het kustgebied van Noordelijk West Java op de luchtfoto. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen. 71, p. 146-152. ('The NW Java coastal region on air photos') Volz, W.(1907)- Das geologische Alter der Pithecanthropus-Schichten bei Trinil, Ost-Java. Neues Jahrbuch Min., Geol. Palaont., Festband 1907, p. 256-271. ('The geological age of the Pithecanthropus Beds near Trinil. East Java'. Age if Pithecanthropus beds probably Middle Diluvium (=M Pleistocene). Interprets the rel. massive, volcanics-rich Pleistocene hominid-bearing Trinil sands as lahar-style mudflow deposits from Lawu volcano) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1934)- Zur Stratigraphie des javanischen Pleistocan. De Ingenieur Nederl.-Indie 1, 4, p. 185-201. (‘On the stratigraphy of the Pleistocene of Java’) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1935)- Vorlaufige Mitteilung uber das Vorkommen von Tektiten auf Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 38, 3, p. 287-289. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016689.pdf) ('Preliminary note on the occurrence of tectites on Java'. Tektites (glass pebbles associated with meteorite impacts) rel. widespread in SE Asia (Indochina, Billiton, also Java). This paper reports on occurrence of tektites at base of M Pleistocene Trinil beds) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1939)- Das Pleistozan Javas. In: R. Grahmann & L.F. Zotz (eds.) Quartar- Jahrbuch fur die Erforschung des Eiszeitalters u. seiner Kulturen, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2, p. 26-53. (Overview of Java Pleistocene stratigraphy and vertebrate/ hominid finds) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1956)- Remarks on the correlation of mammalian faunas of Java and India and the Plio-Pleistocene boundary. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 59, p. 204-210. Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1957)- Tektites from Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B 60, p. 371-382. (Description of large collection of tektites from Pleistocene Trinil beds of C Java, probably of extraterrestrial origin. Proposal to call these ‘javanites’ (now thought to be part of very large Australasian tektite strewn field tied to Pleistocene asteroid impact near Laos-Cambodia around 700-800 ky; HvG) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1976)- Climatic changes in Java and Sumatra during the Upper Pleistocene. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 79, p. 232-234. (Mammal fauna of U Pleistocene of Java (Ngandong) not typical of tropical forest, but more open country. Also crane birds on Java and mountain goat on Sumatra suggest 6-9° C temperature drop during last glaciation) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1976)- Tektite studies XII: Minute tektites from Central Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B 81, p. 55-60. Von Richthofen, F. (1862)- Bericht uber einen Ausflug in Java. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 14, p. 327-356. (Report on a trip on Java'. Geological trip to Java South coast by famous German geologist Von Richthofen with F. Junghuhn, famous Java naturalist. Also comments of geology of Timor, Sulawesi, etc.) Von Staff, H. & H. Reck (1911)- Einige neogene Seeeigel von Java. In: M.L. Selenka & M. Blankenhorn, Die Pithecanthropus-Schichten auf Java, Engelmann, Leipzig, p. 41-45.


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('Some Neogene sea urchins from Java'. Sea urchins in Pliocene? marls in Trinil area, C Java, collected by Selenka 1907 expedition) Wachjudin, S., R.A. Kuhnel & S.J. van der Gaast (1990)- The characteristics of bentonite from the Karangnunggal deposit, West Java, Indonesia. Applied Clay Science 5, 4, p. 339-352. Wagner, D., I. Koulakov, W. Rabbel, B.G. Luehr, A. Wittwer, H. Kopp et al. (2007)- Joint inversion of active and passive seismic data in Central Java. Geoph. J. Int. 170, p. 923-932. (130 seismographic stations onshore and off C Java and operated for >150 days. Inversion images show strong low-velocity anomaly (−30%) in backarc crust N of active volcanoes. In upper mantle beneath volcanoes a lowvelocity anomaly inclined towards slab, probably paths of fluids and melted materials in mantle wedge. Crust in forearc appears strongly heterogeneous. Onshore part two high-velocity blocks separated by narrow lowvelocity anomaly, interpreted as weakened contact zone between two rigid crustal bodies. Recent Java earthquake at lower edge of this zone. Focal strike slip mechanism consistent with orientation of this contact) Wagner, D. W. Rabbel, B.G. Luehr, J. Wassermann, T.R. Walter, H. Kopp et al. (2008)- Seismic structure of Central Java. In: D. Karnawati, S. Pramumijoyo et al. (eds.) The Yogyakarta Earthquake of May 27, 2006, Star Publishing, Belmont, California, p. 2.1- 2.11. (C Java tomographic data reveals two low velocity anomalies, one at foot of volcanic arc, on NE-SW trending zone that separates forearc in two rigid blocks, and was likey epicenter of 2006 earthquake. Aftershocks mostly in Gunung Kidul Mountains, in zone semi-parallel to and 10-15 km East of Opak River fault) Wagner, T., A.E. Williams-Jones & A.J. Boyce (2006)- Stable isotope-based modeling of the origin and genesis of an unusual Au-Ag-Sn-W epithermal system at Cirotan, Indonesia. Chemical Geol. 219, p. 237-260. (Pliocene Cirotan low-sulphidation epithermal gold deposit in W Java complex polymetallic assemblages and progressive enrichment in Sn-W and Au-Ag in late stages of mineralization. Five ore/ alteration stages. Metallogenic model explains enrichment in Sn and W by increased recycling of slab-derived sedimentary material during Pliocene subduction) Wahab, A. & D. Martono (1985)- Application of oil geochemistry for hydrocarbon exploration in Northwest Jawa. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 635-657. Wahab, A. & A. Suseno (1990)- Madura, land of opportunity. Geologi Indonesia (J. Indon. Assoc. Geol.) 13, 2, p. 33-46. Wakita, K. (2000)- Cretaceous accretionary-collision complexes in Central Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, p. 739-749. (Cretaceous accretionary-collision complexes formed by accretionary or collision processes, forearc sedimentation, arc volcanism, back arc spreading. Oceanic plate subducted under Cretaceous arc from S, carried microcontinents from Gondwanaland. Accretionary wedge with fragments of oceanic crust (chert, siliceous shale, limestone, pillow basalt). Jurassic shallow marine allochthonous formation emplaced by collision of continental blocks. Collision exhumed high-P metamorphics from deeper part of pre-existing accretionary wedge. Cretaceous tectonic units rearranged by Cenozoic thrusting and lateral faulting during successive collision of continental blocks and rotation of continental blocks in Indonesian region) Wakita, K., Munasri & W. Bambang (1991)- Nature and age of sedimentary rocks of the Luk-Ulo melange complex in the Karangsambung area, Central Java, Indonesia. Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium, Dynamics of subduction and its products, LIPI, Yogyakarta, p. 64-79. Wakita, K., Munasri & B. Widoyoko (1994)- Cretaceous radiolarians from the Luk-Ulo Melange complex in the Karangsambung area, Central Java, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 1-2, p. 29-43. (Five assemblages of Cretaceous radiolarians in shale and chert of Luk-Ulo Melange in Karangsambung area. Siliceous and argillaceous rocks of Luk-Ulo Melange Complex deposited in Early to Late Cretaceous time, and


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accreted at subduction trench in M- Late Cretaceous or earliest Paleocene. Fragmentation and mixing with schist and quartz porphyry must have occurred in Paleocene) Waltham, A.C., P.L. Smart, H. Friederich, A.J. Eavis & T.C. Atkinson (1983)- The caves of Gunung Sewu, Java. Cave Science 10, p. 55-96. (On caves in C Java Southern Mountains M Miocene Wonosari Limestone) Waltham, D., R. Hall, H.R. Smyth & C. Ebinger (2008)- Basin formation by volcanic arc loading. In: A.E. Draut, P.D. Clift & D.W. Scholl (eds.) Formation and applications of the sedimentary secord in arc collision zones. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 436, p. 11-26. (Paper quantifies flexural subsidence from loading by volcanic arc. Good fit of model to Halmahera Arc and E Java. Loads generated by arc sufficient to account for subsidence in basins within ~100 km of active volcanoes at subduction plate boundaries, if plate is broken. Basins will be asymmetrical with coarse volcaniclastic material close to arcand volcaniclastic turbidites farther away. Density contrast between arc and underlying crust required to produce arc basins means they are unlikely to form in young intra-oceanic arcs) Wanner, J. (1938)- Balanocrinus sundaicus n.sp. und seine Epoke aus dem Altmiocaen der Insel Madura. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal., Beil.-Bd. 79 B, p. 385-403. (A new crinoid species from Early Miocene blue-grey marls, collected by Weber off Bawarukem River, northern C Madura. Associated with Miogypsina thecidaeformis, M. kotoi, eulepidinid Lepidocyclina, Katacycloclypeus) Wanner, J. & E. Hahn (1935)- Miocaene Mollusken aus der Landschaft Rembang (Java). Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 87, 4, p. 222-273. (’Miocene molluscs from the Rembang area (Java)’. Molluscs from area N and NNW of Bojonegoro (Sedan, Butak, Ngampel, Ngandong and Lodan). Mainly from M Miocene orbitoid-Cycloclypeus Lst (later called OK Limestone and Ngrayong Beds) and some from overlying Globigerina Marls series (later subdivided into Wonocolo, Ledok and Globigerina Marls Fms.). Wanner notes N to S facies changes. Richest mollusk localities on Dermawu-Mahindu and Gegunung anticlines. Molluscs mainly gastropods, 68 species, half of them new) Warmada, I.W. (2006)- Karakteristik mineralogi dan proses pengendapan emas pada endapan emas-perak epitermal Gunung Pongkor, Jawa Barat. Media Teknik 28, 4, p. 32-36. (Pongkor epithermal gold-silver deposit in W Java largest low-sulfidation deposit on Java. Formed in Pliocene (2.05 Ma). More than nine subparallel quartz-adularia-carbonate veins. Formation T ~220°C) Warmada, I.W., B. Lehmann & M. Simandjuntak (2003)- Polymetallic sulfides and sulfosalts of the Pongkor epithermal gold-silver deposit, West Java, Indonesia. The Canadian Miner. 41, p. 185-200. (Pongkor gold-silver deposit Pliocene age (2.05 Ma and largest low-sulfidation epithermal precious-metal deposit in Indonesia. Nine major subparallel quartz-'adularia'-carbonate veins with low sulfide content) Warmada, I.W., M.T. Soe, J. Sinomiya, L.D. Setijadji, A. Imai & K. Watanabe (2006)- Petrology and geochemistry of intrusive rocks from Selogiri area, Central Java, Indonesia. Proc. 2nd Int. SEED-Net Symposium on Geo-Hazard and Earth Resources Management, p.163-169. (Selogiri gold prospect near Wonogiri in S C Java S Mountains probably formed during single intrusion periods from calc-alkaline intrusive and is not economic. Ages of intrusives Early Miocene and Late Miocene). Wardana, I.W., I. Sudarno & D. Wijonarko (2008)- Geologi dan fasies batuan metamorf daerah Jiwo Barat, Bayat, klaten, Jawa Tengah. Media Teknik (UGM) 30, 3, p. 113-118. ('Geology and facies of metamorphic rocks in the West Jiwo area, Bayat, C Java') Watanabe, N. & D. Kadar (eds.) (1985)- Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil bearing formations in Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, 378 p. (Extensive report from multi-year Japanese-Indonesian study of Sangiran Dome Pleistocene rockss and fossils)


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Weeda, J. (1958)- Oil basins of East Java. In: L.G. Weeks (ed.) Habitat of oil, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Spec. Publ. 18, p. 1359-1364. Welker-Haddock, M., R. Park, I. Asjhari, J. Bradfield & B. Nguyen (2001)- The transformation of Poleng Field. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 681- 698. (Poleng Miocene carbonate reef off Madura once abandoned field revived as economic venture after 3-D seismic survey, directional and horizontal wells, and led to a new discovery at KE-23 Field) Welker-Haddock, M.L. R.K. Park & M. Sudarmono (1996)- Prediction of carbonate sweet spots from 3-D seismic: a case history from Krisna Field. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 353-365. (Seismic response to variations in lithology is complex and non-unique. Most effective way to find carbonate reservoirs is to use seismic attributes in combination with the conventional methods of seismic interpretation such as structural mapping, isochron mapping to determine the paleogeography and seismic morphology) Wheeler, G.E., R. Varne, J.D. Foden & M.J. Abbot (1987)- Geochemistry of Quaternary volcanism in the Sunda-Banda arc, Indonesia, and three-component genesis of island-arc basalt magmas, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 32 , p. 137-160. White, J.V., A.N. Derewetzky, G.C. Geary, V.K. Hohensee, E.M. Johnstone, C. Liu, A.C. Pierce & J. Stevens (2007)- Temporal controls and resulting variations in Oligo-Miocene carbonates from the East Java Basin, Indonesia: examples from the Cepu area. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 549-559. Five high-relief carbonate buildups drilled in Cepu area of E Java: Sukowati, Banyu Urip, Jambaran, Cendana and Kedung Tuban. Gross differences despite having all grown from a common, broad, probable E Oligocene carbonate platform. Timing of deposition of buildups established through robust (turns out to include bad dates; HvG) Strontium isotope dating program. Carbonate deposition on buildups progressively terminated through time fromW to E) Whitford, D.J., I.A. Nicholls & S.R. Taylor (1979)- Spatial variations in the geochemistry of Quaternary lavas across the Sunda arc in Java and Bali. Contr. Min. Petrology 70, 3p. 341-356. (Island arc lavas range from tholeiites to high-K calc-alkaline lavas over Benioff zone depths 120 to 250 km. More abundant calc-alkaline lavas between these extremes. High-K alkaline lavas over Benioff zone depths over 300 km. Incompatible elements increase with depth to seismic zone. Java and Bali lavas geochemistry best explained by combination of mantle source melting and partial melting of that material at progressively greater depths. Primary tholeiitic magmas may form by 20-25% melting at 30-40 km, primary high-K calc-alkaline magmas by 5-15% melting at 40-60 km, and primary alkaline magmas by 5% melting at 80-90 km) Whittaker, J.M., R.D. Muller, M. Sdrolias & C. Heine (2007)- Sunda-Java trench kinematics, slab window formation and overriding plate deformation since the Cretaceous. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 255, p. 445-457. (Plate motions and reconstructions of subducted ocean floor used to analyse subduction kinematics and observed upper plate strain since 80 Ma along Sunda-Java trench. Upper plate advance and retreat is main influence on upper plate strain, but subduction of large bathymetric ridges also significant. Compression in Sundaland back-arc region linked to upper plate advance. Sundaland backarc extension correlates with (a) retreat of upper plate, and (b) advance of upper plate with more rapid advance of Sundaland margin due to hinge rollback. Subduction of large bathymetric ridges causes compression in upper plate, especially Wharton Ridge subduction under Sumatra between 15-0 Ma) Whitten, T., R.E. Soeriaatmadja & A.A. Suraya (1996)- The ecology of Java and Bali. The ecology of Indonesia Series II, Periplus Ed., Singapore, 968 p. Wibisono (1972)- Neogene planktonic foraminifera from Kawengan, East Java, Indonesia. Lemigas Sci. Contr. 1, Jakarta, p. 1-69. Wibowo, A.W., A. Prasetyo, W.A. Syukur, A.B. Mulyawan, E.A. Wibowo & H. Hadisaputro (2011)- Study of early-Mid Miocene carbonate facies and distribution: implications for exploration opportunities in southern


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Cipunegara sub-basin, North West Java basin, West Java. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-013, 4p. (Onshore NW Java Cipunegara Sub-basin with small E-M Miocene (Upper Cibulakan Fm, 'mid-Main') coral reefal buildups along W-E trend in S part of basin. Reef sizes between 4- 40 km2 and 50-200m thick) Wibowo. H. (2006)- Spatial data analysis and integration for regional-scale geothermal prospectivity mapping, West Java, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis ITC (Int. Inst. Geo-Inf. Sci. and Earth Obs.), Enschede, 106p. (online at www.itc.nl/library/papers_2006/msc/ereg/wibowo.pdf) Wicaksono Prayitno, J.W. Armon & S. Haryono (1992)- The implications of basin modelling for explorationSunda Basin case study, offshore southeast Sumatra. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.1, p. 379-415. (Sunda Basin good match between oils and Banuwati Fm lacustrine shales Type I kerogens. Present day top ‘oil window’ 9,500'. Significant hydrocarbon generation began at end Talang Akar time in basin center and progressed outwards through time. Mature source rocks more limted areal extent than indicated in earlier work. Vertical migration crucial close to generation area, lateral migration dominates away from it beneath regional Gumai shale seal. Drainage areas identified. Boundaries of 'Banuwati generation- migration hydrocarbon system' delineate probable prospective areas) Wicaksono, P., A.W.R. Wight, W.R. Lodwick, R.E. Netherwood, B. Budiarto & D. Hanggoro (1996)- Use of sequence stratigraphy in carbonate exploration: Sunda Basin, Java Sea, Indonesia. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence Stratigraphy in SE Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 197-229. (Lower Miocene Batu Raja Fm and Gumai Fm shallow marine limestones 250 MMBO, from seven fields. Several small discoveries in recent years, but accumulations not commercial due to unpredictable reservoir quality, limited areal extent, or low recovery factors. Sequence stratigraphic study of carbonates undertaken to produce a predictive model for porosity development) Wicaksono, R.A., S.S. Angkasa, F.F. Azmalni, A.D. Kahfi & Alfardi A.P. (2009)- Deep hydrocarbon play in Banyumas sub-basin, Central Java: opportunities and risks. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang, PITIAGI2009-149, 9p. Widi , B.N. & H. Matsueda ( 1998 ) Epithermal gold-silvertellurides-deposit of Cineam, Tasikmalaya District, West Java, Indonesia. Spec. Publ. Direct. Mineral Res. Indonesia, 96, p. 1-19. Widianto, E., D. Santoso, I.T. Taib & W.G.A. Kadir (2004)- Basin boundaries determination in West Java using 2-D gravity modeling. Makalah Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia (IAGI) 33, p. (in Indonesian) Widiarto, F.X., J. Setyoko, H. Humaida & A. Zaennudin (2010)- Sidik jari hidrokarbon dalam lumpur Porong, Sidoardjo, Jawa Timur. Proc. 39th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-187, 22p. ('Hydrocarbon fingerprinting from Porong mud, Sidoardjo, East Java'. Well-documented paper on analysis of oil and gas traces from mud of LUSI mud eruption S of Surabaya. Oil biomarkers suggestive of restricted marine or lacustrine source. Gas non-associated gas from marine source rock, with variable amounts of CO2) Widiasmoro (1998)- Late Tertiary- Early Quaternary magmatic arc and its relationship to the sedimentation processes in Sangiran, Central Java. In: H.T. Simanjuntak (ed.), Int. Coll. Sangiran: man, culture and environment in the Pleistocene, Solo 1998. Japan Found. and Nat. Res. Center Archaeology, Jakarta, p. 45-46. Widiyantoro, S. ( 2006)- Learning from the May 27, 2006 Yogya-Central Java destructive earthquake. Proc. 31st HAGI Ann. Conv., Semarang 2006, 5p. (extended abstract). (Shear-wave seismic tomograms to explore buried structural features beneath Java. The S-wave tomographic model suggests that a buried fault also exists below E Java) Widiyantoro, S., H. Harjono, F. Lianto, Fauzi & Wandono (2004)- Seismisitas dan struktur kecepatan gelombang seismik di sepanjang Pulau Jawa. Proc. Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geoph. (HAGI0, Yogyakarta, p.


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('Seismicity and velocity structure along Java island'. Changes in different seismic wave properties of subducting slab in E-W direction across Java and seismic gap below Central Java region) Widjonarko, R. (1990)- BD field- a case history. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 161-182. (BD field Mobil 1987 oil-gas discovery in W Madura Straits IN E-W trending E Miocene reefal carbonate build-up (11,000'- 13,934'), with 29- 34% porosities in oil-gas zone and about 17% in water zone. Gas-oil column only 200') Widjanarko, W. (1996)- Integrating nuclear magnetic resonance logging data with traditional downhole petrophysical data to optimize new development wells strategies in the Bravo Field offshore North West Java, Arco Indonesia PSC. In: Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 205-213. Wiedicke, M., H. Sahling, G. Delisle, E. Faber, S. Neben et al. (2002)- Characteristics of an active vent in the fore-arc basin of the Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Marine Geol. 184, p. 121-141. (Fluid venting at anticlinal structure at ~2910m water depth in forearc basin SW of Java, with water methane anomalies, elevated heat flow, vent-macrofauna, carbonate precipitation at sea floor and methane- rich pore fluids in sediment. Bottom-simulating reflectors (BSR) rise steeply towards vent, and lack of BSR below vent suggests perforation of hydrate-stability zone. Position on structure linked to oblique subduction suggests venting may be common along compressional /transpressional zones (Ujung Kulon FZ, Mentawai FZ) in NW fore arc of Sunda margin) Wight, A. (1995)- Geologic summary of Java. In: C. Caughey et al. (eds.) Pertamina-IPA Seismic Atlas of Indonesian Oil & Gas Fields, II: Java, Kalimantan, Natuna, Irian Jaya, p. JAV1-JAV10. (Overview of NW Java geology and hydrocarbons in Oligo-Miocene sandstone and carbonate reservoir horizons in offshore Sunda, Asri and Arjuna basins. Arjuna basin offshore extension of larger onshore basin, with similar stratigraphy and productive horizons, but more carbonate in younger Miocene because farther from Sunda shield clastic provenance. With regional W-E seismic line across Sunda- Arjuna basins ) Wight, A., H. Friestad, I. Anderson, P. Wicaksono & C.H. Reminton (1997)- Exploration history of the offshore Southeast Sumatra PSC, Java Sea, Indonesia. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 121-142. (Offshore SE Sumatra PSC in Java Sea produced >800 MBOE. Crude low sulphur, waxy and sourced by Oligocene lacustrine shales. >200 exploration wells since 1970; 21 commercial fields. Reservoirs Oligocene-E Miocene with ~25% of reserves in carbonates and 75% in fluvial-alluvial clastics. Main basins (Sunda, Asri) retro-arc, N-S oriented, asymmetric half-grabens between stable Sunda Shield and active volcanic arc on Java) Wight, A. & D. Hardian (1982)- Importance of diagenesis in carbonate exploration and production, Lower Batu Raja carbonates, Krisna Field, Java Sea. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 211-235. (High porosity in Lower Baturaja carbonate from secondary leaching in freshwater environment. Seven major carbonate facies recognized) Wight, A., Sudarmono & Imron A. (1986)- Stratigraphic response to structural evolution in a tensional back-arc setting and its exploratory significance, Sunda Basin, West Java Sea. Proc.15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 77-100. (Structure influences character and distribution of non-marine Oligo-Miocene TalangAkar and Banuwati Fms sandstone reservoirs in Sunda Basin, W Java Sea. Best reservoirs are fluvial sandstones: (1) early braided regime derived from W and (2) younger meandering system flowing primarily from NE down graben axis. Recoverable reserves ~300 MMBO in nine fields) Wight, A.W.R., S. Syafar, A. Kartika, R. Syah, J. Burgos, A. Telaumbanua, C. Oglesby & B Setiawan (2000)‘Classic clastics’- has high-tech 3D improved imaging of stratigraphic traps found with ‘traditional’ techniques? Yvonne ‘B’ Field, Sunda Basin, Java Sea. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000, 7p. (Extended Abstract)


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Wijono, S. (1987)- Hubungan beberapa parameter sedimen dengan populasi foraminifera bentonik pada Formasi Ledok, Jalur Kedung Planangan, Kab. Blora, Jawa Tengah. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. Willumsen, P. & D.M. Schiller (1994)- High-quality volcanoclastic sandstone reservoirs in East Java, Indonesia. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 101-118. (Late Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanoclastic reservoirs in 1993 Porong 1 and WD 8 wells and in outcrops good reservoir qualities) Wiloso, D.A., B.W. Seubert, E.A. Subroto & E. Hermanto (2008)- Studi batuan induk hidrokarbon di cekungan Jawa Timur Bagian Barat. Proc. 37th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 476-489. ('Study of hydrocarbon source rocks in the W part of the E Java basin'. Eocene Ngimbang clastics Fm in Rembang-1 good source rock richness, early mature, and potential to produce oil and gas from Types II and III kerogen. C27-C28-C29 ternary plots from four oil seeps and source rock from three wells show correlation between oil from terrestrial source and Ngimbang clastics Fm) Wiloso, D.A., E.A. Subroto & E. Hermanto (2008)- Confirmation of the Paleogene source rocks in the Northeast Java Basin, Indonesia, based from petroleum geochemistry. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Cape Town 2008 (Ext. abstract at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2009/10195wiloso/images/wiloso.pdf) (Geochemical analyses of sediments from 5 exploration wells, including 2004 Padi-1 and 4 oil seeps indicate correlation between oils and thermally mature, organic-rich Late Eocene Ngimbang Fm) Winardi, S., B. Toha, M. Imron & D.H. Amijaya (2010)- The potency of Nanggulan Formation shale as hydrocarbon source rock. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-310, 13p. (In W Indonesia Eocene shale generally considered as potential source rock. 11 samples of Eocene Nanggulan Fm shale with Nummulites and Discocyclina, outcropping at Kulonprogo 25 km W of Yogya, analyzed. Seven samples TOC >1%. Kerogen type III amorphous-humic. Maturity level of samples immature (highest Ro 0.39%, Tmax 422°C and TAI 2). At higher levels of maturity Nanggulan Fm shale has source rock potential. Im adjacent Yogyakarta Low Nanggulan Fm modeled to be late mature, gas generating since 0.4 Ma) Wirasantosa, S. & K. Karta (1995)- Seismic reflection study of a fore-arc basin and accretionary prism South of West Java. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 261-266. (Single channel seismic profiles off SW Java. Fore-arc basins with 0.2- >1.5 sec of sediment, with two sequences separated by Late Miocene unconformity. Fore-arc sediments normally faulted adjacent to Sunda Strait and Pelabuhan Ratu Bay) Witkamp, H. (1916)- De kalkbergen van Koeripan. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 33, 3, p. 417-423. (Group of three 30m high limestone hills near Ciseeng, W of Parung, W Java are sinter cones formed by hot spring activity) Witkamp, H. (1939)- Een voorkomen van granodioriet in Zuid-Priangan. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. (2) 56, p. 638-653. (‘An occurence of granodiorite in South Preanger’, SW Java) Wiyoga, S.A. & N.I. Basuki (2010)- A microfacies study of carbonate rocks of the Citarate Formation, Cilograng Area, Lebak District, Banten. Proc. 34rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-SG-029, 7p. (Outcrop study of ~180m thick Early Miocene Citarate Fm limestone 10 km NW of Pelabuhan Ratu) Wiyoga, S.A. & N.I. Basuki (2010)- Diagenetic pattern in the Citarate carbonate rocks, Cilograng area, Lebak District, Banten. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, 8p. (E Miocene Citarate Fm limestones 10 km NW of Pelabuhan Ratu. Regional M Miocene deformation formed NNE-WSW trending faults and E-W folds. Diagenesis include early marine cementation by fibrous aragonite,


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compaction, aragonite dissolution, precipitation of equant-grained calcite cement in phreatic environment, dissolution to form moldic porosities, dolomitization, formation of stylolites and fractures, and precipitation of late ferroan calcite during burial) Woodling, G.S., J.G. Kaldi, K.I. Oentarsih & R.C. Roe (1990)- Integrated reservoir simulation study of the Bima Field, Offshore N.W. Java. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 1-26. (Bima field largest productive carbonate field offshore N.W. Java. Field startup was in 1987 with 7 platforms in N on primary production. Southern 2/3rd of field undeveloped. Multi-disciplinary reservoir study performed on Oligocene-Miocene upper Batu Raja limestone formation) Woodling, G.S., J.G. Kaldi, Randall C. Roe & K.I. Oentarsih (1991)- Multidisciplinary reservoir study of the Bima Field, Offshore NW Java, Indonesia: multidisciplinary studies. In: R.M. Sneider (eds.) The integration of geology, geophysics, petrophysics and petroleum engineering in reservoir delineation, description and management, AAPG Spec. Publ. 26, p. 1-36. (Bima Field 700 MB OIP with 50 GCF gas in Early Miocene Batu Raja limestone. Upper Batu Raja build-up thickest on highest parts of platform, with "cleaning upwards" cycles (muddy facies overlain by progressively more grain-rich sediments). Lower Miocene sea-level drop caused subaerial exposure of platform and leaching by meteoric fluids) Woolfolk, E.R. & D.N. Tit (1939)- Geological report on the oil possibilities of the Banjoemas and Kedoe districts, South Central Java. Geological Survey, Bandung, Open File report E39-57, 13p. (Stanvac 1938 survey report. Ten anticlines mapped in marine Tertiary section in S Central Java. Two main volcanic breccia horizons and several unconformities. No surface oil or gas seeps encountered) Yabe, H. & K. Asano (1937)- Contributions to the paleontology of the Tertiary formations of West Java. Part I. Minute foraminifera from the Neogene of West Java. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Ser. 2 (Geol.) 19, p. 87-127. (Shallow marine benthic foraminifera from samples collected by Chitani in 1935 in M Miocene- Pliocene, in Banten and Bogor areas. With stratigraphic columns of NW Java Mio-Pliocene. No locality details) Yabe, H. & M. Eguchi (1941)- On some simple corals from the Neogene of Java. Proc. Imperial Acad. 17, 7, p. 269-273. (Description of small Miocene and Pliocene corals collected by Chitani in Banten and Bogor areas, West Java) Yaman, F., T. Ambismar & T. Bukhari (1991)- Gas exploration in Parigi and pre-Parigi carbonate buildups, NW Java Sea. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 319-346. (M Miocene Parigi and Pre-Parigi buildups with large quantities of gas. Reservoirs uniformly distributed vugular, mouldic and intragranular porosity. Gas is dry, interpreted to be thermogenic and sourced from deeper Talang Akar shales and coals. Migration of gas through vertical fault migration from Talang Akar into higher sections. Absence of oil implies heavier hydrocarbon fractions either stripped during migration or prevented from accumulating in buildups due to presence of earlier migrated gas) Yaseen, F.F., W. Gardjito & M.E. McCauley (1993)- Development of Pagerungan gas field, Kangean Block PSC area. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 495-508. (Pagerungan 1985 gas discovery first gas development to provide fuel gas to power generation in E Java. No geology) Yohanes, M.P. Koesoemo & Soejono Martodjojo (1993)- Sea level changes and tectonism, causes and responses between stable Rembang & active Kendeng zones. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 135 - 135. Yohanes, M.P.K., S. Musliki & Nahrowi T.Y. (1998)- Sikuen stratigrafi dan potensi reservoir air Beryodium di Zona Kendeng bagian Timur, Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 159-173.


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Yokoyama, I., Surjo & B. Nazhar (1970)- Volcanological survey of Indonesian volcanoes, pt. 4, A gravity survey in Central Java. Tokyo Univ. Earthquake Res. Inst. Bull. 48, 2, p. 303-315. Yokoyama, T., S. Hadiwisastra, W. Hantoro, T. Matsuda & S. Nishimura (1980). K-Ar age of the "Lahar Tuff' lowest part of the Pucangan formation, Pleistocene of Sangiran, Central Java, Indonesia. Riset, Geologi dan Pertambangan, LIPI 3, p.1-7. (K-Ar age of base of Pucangan Fm 2.06 ± 0.06 Ma) Yokoyama, T. & I. Koizumi (1989)- Marine transgressions on the Pleistocene Pecangan Formation in the Sangiran area, central Java, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 72, p. 177-193. (Diatoms and electric conductivity suggest four marine transgressions in Pleistocene Pucangan Fm. between 1.8- 0.73 Ma, reflecting glacial eustasy. First transgression is ~1.5 Ma) Young, R. & C.D. Atkinson (1993)- A review of Talang Akar Formation (Oligo-Miocene) reservoirs in the offshore areas of Southeast Sumatra and Northwest Java. In: C.D. Atkinson et al. (eds.) Clastic rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia, Indon. Petrol Assoc. Core Workshop, p. 177- 210. (Talang Akar Fm succession of fluvio-lacustrine and fluvio-deltaic sediments up to 7000’ thick. Productive reservoirs fluvial, distributary channel and marginal marine bar sandstones. Fluvial reservoirs tend to be thickest, most extensive and best reservoir quality. Talang Akar Fm diachronous lithostratigraphic rock unit in Late Oligocene- Early Miocene. Fluvio-deltaic sediments in upper part of succession retrogressively stacked in response to regional transgression which affected entire S margin of Sunda Shield) Young, R., W.E. Harmony & T. Budiyento (1995)- The evolution of Oligo-Miocene fluvial sand-body geometries and the effect on hydrocarbon trapping, Widuri field, West Java Sea, In: A.G. Plint (ed.) Sedimentary Facies Analysis, Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sediment. 22, p. 355-380. Young, R., W.E. Harmony, J. Gunawan & B. Thomas (1991)- Widuri field, offshore southeast Sumatra: sandbody geometries and the reservoir model. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 385-417. (Widuri 1988 discovery in Asri Basin 170' net oil pay in 6 reservoirs in upper Talang Akar Fm sandstones. Faulted anticline formed ~19 Ma (E Miocene), shortly after deposition of Talang Akar Fm. Trap combination structure-stratigraphy. Basal reservoir coarse fluvial sandstone, uppermost reservoir fine distributary channel sand in tide-dominated delta. Gradual change in river/channel type accompanied by change in reservoir quality and geometry from thick sheet sandstone at base to thin, 2000’ wide, shoestring sand at top). Yulianto, I., R. Hall, B. Clements & C. Elders (2007)- Structural and stratigraphic evolution of the offshore Malingping Block, West Java, Indonesia. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-G-036, 13 p. (SW Java offshore Malingping Block series of extensional basins and highs, from W to E: Ujungkulon High, Ujungkulon Low, Honje High, W Malingping Low. Three major structural trends. Late Eocene movement on Wdipping NNE-SSW normal faults formed Ujungkulon Low. NE-SW faults parallel to Cretaceous subduction margin in Java interpreted as interaction between E-W extension and basement fabric. In shelf edge area, E-W trending normal faults active in Late Eocene and Early Oligocene. Reefal limestone build-ups on highs in Late Oligocene- E Miocene. E Miocene movements on E-dipping faults created full-graben geometry of Ujungkulon Low. E Miocene volcanism suggested to have terminated carbonate deposition. Minor inversion in E Miocene but little other evidence for contraction. Major Late Pliocene uplift period, resulting in regional unconformity, followed by renewed subsidence) Yulianto, M.N, R. Galena & C. Prasetyadi (2011)- Karakteristik sesar Anjak dan pemodelan struktur geologi menggunakan metode Balances cross section daerah Kedungjati, Jawa Tengah (Kendeng Barat) dan daerah Ngawi, Jawa Timur (Kendeng Timur). Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM20111305, 11p. (Structure restoration in W and E Kendeng zones near Kedungjati and Ngawi, C-E Java) Yulihanto, B. (1993)- Lembah torehan Miosen Atas dan perennanya dalam terbentuknya perangkap stratigrafi di daerah Cepu dan sekitarnya. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1993, p. 770-781.


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(Cepu area M-U Miocene sequence stratigraphy. Seismic evidence for N-S trending incised valleys at Late Miocene Ledok Fm level) Yulihanto, B., B. Situmorang & L. Sriwahyuni (1994)- Peranan tektonik tarikan pada perkembangan runtunan pengendapan Tersier di bagian Barat Kawasan daratan cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 123-132. ('The role of extensional tectonics on the development of Tertiary depositional sequence in the western part of the onshore NE Java Basin. Oligocene- E Miocene extensional phase created NE-SW trending half-grabens. Second extensional phase in M Miocene. Late Pliocene basin inversion, NE-SW wrench faults and regional uplift) Yulihanto, B., S. Sofyan & S. Musliki (1995)- Miocene- Pliocene Northeast Java Basin sequence stratigraphy. Int. Symp. Sequence Strat. in SE Asia, Post-symposium fieldtrip, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 65 p. (Outcrops of mainly Miocene clastics around Semarang, Cepu, Kendeng zone) Yuningsih, E., H. Matsueda, E.P. Setyaraharja & M.F. Rosana (2012)- The Arinem Te-Bearing gold-silverbase metal deposit, West Java, Indonesia. Resource Geol. 62, p. 140-158. (Arinem area, SW Java, Late Miocene (8.8–9.4 Ma) gold-silver-base metal vein system. Arinem vein hosted by Latest Oligocene-M Miocene Jampang Fm (23-11.6 Ma) andesitic volcanics and overlain unconformably by Pliocene-Pleistocene andesitic-basaltic volcanics) Yuwono, J.S.E. (2009)- Late Pleistocene to Mid-Holocene coastal and inland interaction in the Gunung Sewu karst area, Yogyakarta. Bull. Indo-Pacific Prehist. Assoc. (IPPA) 29, p. 33-44. (On Java Southern Mountains karst and prehistoric settlement) Yuwono, N.T. (1992)- Fasies batugamping terumbu Formasi Paciran, Rembang, Tuban, Jawa Timur. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, Bandung, p. 487-506. ('Reefal limestone facies of the Paciran Formation, Rembang, Tuban, East Java'. Plio-Pleistocene carbonate platform, NE Java) Yuwono, Y.S. (1987)- Contribution a l'etude du volcanisme potassique de l'Indonesie. Exemples du sud-ouest de Sulawesi et du volcan Muria (Java): Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. Bretagne Occidentale, p. ('Contribution to the study of potassic volcanism of Indonesia'. On volcanics from SW Sulawesi and Muria volcano, Java) Yuwono, Y.S. (1997)- The occurrence of submarine arc-volcanism in the accretionary complex of the Luk Ulo Area, Central Java. Bul. Geologi (ITB, Bandung), 27, p. 15-25. Yuwono, Y.S., R. Soeria-Atmadja, M.E. Suparka & R.C. Maury (1991)- Mineralogical studies of two distinct volcanic rock series of the Muria products, Central Java. In: Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium Dynamics of subduction and its products, Yogyakarta 1991, Indonesian Inst. Sciences (LIPI), p. 122-143. Zacchello, M. (1984)- The Eocene mollusc fauna from Nanggulan (Java) and its palaeogeographic bearing. Mem. Sci. Geol., Padova, 36, p. 377-390. Zacchello, M. (2001)- The Eocene stratigraphic sequence of Nanggulan and the levels reported by K. Martin. Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 53, p. 49-53. (Middle Eocene Nanggulan Fm ~300m thick and subdivided into ten levels. Lowest level NG1 with lignite, without marine fauna, overlain by deeping-upward facies clastic succession. With listings of molluscs species and comparison to the 21-level stratigraphy of Oppenoorth & Gerth (1929)) Zaim, Y. (1981)- Revisi umur dan stratigrafi Formasi Pucangan di daerah Perning, Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 230-237. (‘Revision of age and stratigraphy of the Pucangan Fm in the Perning area, Mojokerto, E Java’)


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Zaim, Y. (1989- Les formations ‘volcano-sedimentaires’ quaternaires de la region de Patiayam (Central Java, Indonesie). Milieu de sedimentation et mineralogie. Doct. Thesis Univ. de Paris, 260 p. Zaim, Y. (1996)- The age of Pitu Terrace of Watualang region, Ngawi (East Java), Indonesia. Bul. Geologi, (ITB, Bandung) 26, p. 31-36. Zaim, Y. & M. Delaune (1990)- Nouvelles donnees sur la stratigraphie et le milieu de sedimentation des formations volcano-sedimentaires quaternaires de la region de Patiayam (Java- Indonesie). Geodynamique 5, 2, p. 135-150. (Shoshonitic volcanic activity of Patiayam Dome, S of Muria Volcano in N Java, initiated ~2 Ma ago. During Lower Pleistocene (0.9 Ma) still active and contemporaneous with beginning of activity at Muria 1) Zaim, Y., R. Larick, R.L. Ciochon, Suminto, Y. Rizal & Sujatmiko (1999)- Karakteristik satuan Lahar Bawah dari formasi Pucangan di Sangiran, Jawa Tengah. Bul. Geol. (ITB, Bandung) 31, p. 67-84. ('Characteristics of the lower lahar unit in the Pucangan Fm in Sangiran') Zamparini, M. (2001)- Some molluscs and foraminifers from the Eocene-Oligocene of Nanggulan (Java, Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 53, p. 54-56. Zeiza, A.D., H. Tanjung, K.P. Laya & W.A. Ramadhan (2007)- Carbonate mound deposit of Gunung Bodas, Bogor as part of analogue model for prospective mud mound hydrocarbon reservoirs in Miocene carbonates. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-SG-001, 6 p. (Gunung Bodas limestone hill in Bogor zone in Limestone member of M Miocene Bojongmanik Fm. Three major carbonate facies: massive coral-algal reef, back reef and mound facies) Zeiza, A., S. Van Simaeys, F. Musgrove, R. Sekti & F. Hakiki (2012)- The impact of differential subsidence rates in shallow water carbonate reservoir quality: an example from the East Java Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-026, p. 1-13. (Reservoir quality in Cepu fields better in Miocene than in Oligocene. Diagenetic leaching controls reservoir quality. Reservoir quality correlated to subsidence rates: high rates in U Oligocene and U Burdigalian meant less time for fresh water lens to leach carbonates and enhance reservoir quality) Zhong, D., X. Zhu & Q. Zhang (2006)- The sedimentary system and evolution of the Early Tertiary in the Sunda basin, Indonesia. Petrol. Sci., Beijing Univ., 3, 1, p. 1-11. (Sunda basin early Tertiary half-graben basin with alluvial, lacustrine, fluvial and swamp, subaqueous fan, shallow and deep lacustrine, turbidite fan, fan delta and delta deposit. Alluvial fan, subaqueous fan and fan deltas on steep slope adjacent to synrift boundary fault, and deltaic systems on gentle slope of basins. Zelda Mb of Talang Akar Fm previously interpreted as fluvial, now interpreted as subaqueous fan, fan delta, delta and lacustrine deposit system. Four stages of basin evolution: initial subsidence (Banuwati Fm), rapid subsidence (Lw Zelda Mb), steady subsidence (middle Zelda Mb), and uplift (Upper Zelda Mb and Gita Mb). Zhong, D., X. Zhu & Q. Zhang (2006)- Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of Asri Basin in Early Tertiary. Petrol. Sci., Beijing Univ., 3, 3, p. 1-11. (Asri basin half-graben with steep E side controlled by synrifting and gentle W slope, with Early Tertiar terrigenous clastics of Banuwati and Talang Akar Fm, in alluvial, fluvial and lacustrine facies. Four stages a.a. Sediment supply mainly from W and E, partly from N) Ziegler, K.G.J. (1918)- Kort bericht over het voorkomen van een granietgesteente in het stroomgebied van de Tji Hara, District Tji Langkahan, Afdeeling Lebak, Residentie Bantam. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 45 (1916), Verhand. 2, p. 48-54. (First report of granitic rock on Java, along Cihara River, S Banten, SW Java. Interpreted as Neogene intrusive into Eocene sediments)


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Ziegler, K.G.J. (1920)- Verslag over de uitkomsten van mijnbouw-geologische onderzoekingen in Zuid Bantam. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 47 (1918), Verhand. I, p. 40-140. (‘Report on the results of mining geological investigations in South Bantam’. Mainly on Eocene coal fields Bojongmanik, Bayah, Cimandiri. With descriptions of minor oil seeps) Zwierzycki, J. (1935)- Geologische beschrijving der petroleumterreinen van Java. Indonesia Geol. Survey Bandung, Open File Report E35-13, 46 p. ('Geological description of the oil fields of Java'. Rel. detailed descriptions of BPM oil fields on NE Java; information never published elsewhere)


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IV. BORNEO IV.1. Borneo General, Kalimantan, Mahakam Delta Abidin, H.Z. (1996)- Petrology and geochemistry of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks from the Muyup gold prospect: implications for the tectonic development of the east Central Kalimantan volcanic belt. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 6, 57, p. 209. Abidin, H.Z. (1998)- The tectonic history and mineral deposits of the east-Central Kalimantan volcanic belt, Indonesia; a comparative study of the Kelian, Muyup and Masa Ria gold deposits. Ph.D Thesis University of Adelaide, 260 p. (East-Central Kalimantan Early Miocene volcanic belt as result of subduction of South China Sea plate below Kalimantan. Andesitic and dacitic volcanics host several gold deposits in Kutai (Kelian, Muyup) and Barito (Masupa Ria) basins) Abidin, H.Z. (1998)- The genesis of Muyup gold prospect, East Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 8, 81, p. 10-22. Abidin, H.Z. (2003)- Occurrence of coal seams within the Lower Tanjung Formation, Astambul District, South Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 13, 139, p. 2Abidin, H.Z. & A.S. Hakim (2001)- Dismembered ophiolite complex in Mt. Kukusan Area, Batulicin District, South Kalimantan: synthetic origin and economic important. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 28, p. 75-88. (Kukusan area, E of Meratus Mts, SE Kalimantan, dismembered ophiolite complex with ultramafic rocks, chert and volcanic flows. Ultramafic rocks dominate and consist of dunite, serpentinite, harzburgite. Reddish chert outcrops in N area, formed in deep sea environment and structural contact with ultramafics. Origin of Kukusan ophiolite complex still controversial (obduction or plutonic intrusion, maybe result of Oligocene W-ward obduction of E Sulawesi ophiolite and Miocene- Pliocene collision of Sula micro continents) Abidin, H.Z. & B.H. Harahap (1996)- Geochemistry of young volcanic rocks from the Kelian gold prospect, East Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (J. Geol. Min. Res.) 60, 4, p. 2-8. Abidin, H.Z., P.E. Pieters & D. Sudana (1993)- Geology of the Long Pahangai Sheet, Kalimantan 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (C Kalimantan map sheet, showing Permo-Triassic Busang Fm igneous and metamorphic rocks, overlain by folded Cretaceous Selangkai Gp sediments, unconformably overlain by near-horizontal Late Eocene sediments. In North Embaluh melange composed of imbricated Late K- Paleo-Eocene sediments and some Danau ultramafics. Late Oligocene- E Miocene Sintang andesite intrusives, etc.) Abidin, H.Z. & E Rusmana (1997)- Petrology and geochemistry of the Tertiary volcanic/sub volcanic rock from the Masupa Ria Gold prospect, East Kalimantan. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 237253. Abidin, H.Z. & Sukardi (1997)- Geochronology and geology of the East-Central Kalimantan volcanic belt, Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 7, 64, 8 p. (Calk-alkaline volcanic belt ~400 km long across C and E Kalimantan. K-Ar age dates of magmatism from 14.2 - 24.6 +/- 0.4 Ma (E Miocene) and 1.53 - 0.97 Ma (Pleistocene)) Achmad, Z. & L. Samuel (1984)- Stratigraphy and depositional cycles in NE Kalimantan basins. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 109-120. (Stratigraphy of NE Kalimantan Basin can be grouped into five major depositional cycles. ) Addison, R., R.K. Harrison, D.H. Land & B.R. Young (1983)- Volcanogenic tonsteins from Tertiary coal measures, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 3, 1, p. 1-30. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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(Laterally persistent tonsteins (kaolinite-mudstones of wide stratigraphical extent), up to 30 cm thick, in coal seams and associated sediments in Miocene SSW of Samarinda. Probably of volcanogenic origin) Ade, W.C., I.T. McMahon & W. Suwarlan (1988)- Seismic lithology (AVO) interpretation at the Badak and Nilam fields in the Sanga Sanga Block, Kalimantan. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 325-358. (On Badak and Nilam gas-oil fields 7.4 and 6.0 TCF original gas in place. Seismic amplitude responses can be used to detect gas sands) Adriansyah, P. Sembiring, M. Badri & A. Akhtar (2005)- High frequency borehole seismic acquisition and its applications for reservoir delineation of the Bunyu Field, Onshore Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 30st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 391-404. Akuanbatin, H. & T. Rosandi (1983)- Lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Tabul dan Formasi Tarakan serta hubungannya dengan potensi hidrokarbon di Pulau Bunyu. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 9-20. ('Depositional environment of the Tabul and Tarakan Formations and relations with hydrocorarbons on Bunyu Island') Akuanbatin, H., T. Rosandi & L. Samuel (1984)- Depositional environment of the hydrocarbon bearing Tabul, Santul and Tarakan Formations at Bunyu Island, NE Kalimantan. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 425-441. (Bunyu Island up to 80 hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir zones between 500-2500m in M Miocene- Pleistocene deltaic deposits. Overall shallowing-upward series, progradation from W and SW) Alam, F., Y. Sebayang, W. Djunarjanto & P.E. Prijanto (2010)- Coal stratigraphy of Separi, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. MGEI-IAGI Seminar Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, Balikpapan 2010, p. 13-26. (Separi area 40 km NE of Samarinda with extensive coal mining. Seven coal-bearing zones in ~1000m thick section of M-L Miocene Balikpapan Fm clastics on Samarinda anticlinorium. Coal seams 0.3- 9.5m thick, labeled A-H. Kutai basin tectoncs (1) M Eocene extension, same time as Makassar Straits; (2) Late Oligocene extension along NW-SE faults; (3) M Miocene inversions mainly on E facing half grabens) Alam, H., D.W. Paterson, N. Syarifuddin, I. Busono & S.G. Corbin (1999)- Reservoir potential of carbonate rocks in the Kutai Basin region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, 1-2, p. 203-214. (Kutai Basin few carbonate reservoirs: Oligocene (Bebulu Lst)- Late Miocene (Dian Lst). Build-ups composed of platy-corals, encrusting red algae and larger benthic foraminifera. Generally isolated mounds, up to 1000’ thick. Primary porosity preservation generally poor, due to calcite cementation. Secondary porosity sevelopment limited, due to retardation of subsurface fluid flow by non-permeable layers, and absence of subaerial exposure dissolution and karstification. Porosity mainly vugs, best in coarse-grained shelf-margin facies, not filled by calcite cement. Early hydrocarbon migration may retard diagenesis and preserve porosity) Albrecht, J.C.H. (1946)- Contributions to the geology of the region between Soengai Klindjau and Soengai Belajan, Northern Koetai, Borneo. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. Utrecht, Kemink, Utrecht, 115 p. (Study of N Kutai Basin samples collected by Witkamp 1922-1925. Incl. Eocene limestones w. Pellatispira/ Biplanispira) Allen, G.P. (1985)- Deltaic sediments in Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta. Field Guide to Indonesian Petroleum Association Excursion. IPA, p. Allen, G.P. (1996)- Sedimentary facies and reservoir geometry in a mixed fluvial and tidal delta system- the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia J. 24, p. 140-155. Allen, G.P. & J.L.C. Chambers (1998)- Sedimentation in the modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc. Guidebook, 236p.


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Allen, G.P. & J.L.C. Chambers (1998)- Regional setting of the Mahakam Delta. In: Sedimentation in the modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta, IPA Fieldtrip Guidebook, Chapter 6, p. 79-89. Allen, G.P. & J.L.C. Chambers (1998)- Regional geology and stratigraphy of the Kutei basin. In: Sedimentation in the modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta, IPA Fieldtrip Guidebook, Chapter 9, p. 159-171. (Brief overview tectonic history and stratigraphy Kutei basin) Allen, G.P., D. Laurier & J.M. Thouvenin (1976)- Sediment distribution patterns in the modern Mahakam Delta. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 159-178. (First of many Allen studies on modern Mahakam Delta deposits, E Kalimantan) Allen, G.P., D. Laurier & J. Thouvenin (1979)- Etude sedimentologique du delta de la Mahakam. TOTAL Comp. Franc. Petroles, Notes et Memoires 15, 156 p. ('Sedimentological study of the Mahakam Delta'. Comprehensive study of sedimentology of modern Mahakam Delta, a mixed tide- and fluvial delta in a humid equatorial climate ) Allen, G.P. & F. Mercier (1994)- Reservoir facies and geometry in mixed tide and fluvial-dominated delta mouth bars: example from the Modern Mahakam Delta (East Kalimantan). Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 261-273. Amarullah, D., U. Margani, S.N. Priatna, Priono & Sudiro (2002)- Inventarisasi dan evaluasi endapan batubara Kapubaten Barito Selatan dan Barito Utara, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Kolokium Direktorat Inventarisasi Sumber Daya Mineral,(DIM) 2002, p. 20/1- 20/19. (Inventory and evaluation of coal deposits in South and North Barito Districts, Kalimantan) Amarullah, D. & D.P. Simatupang (2009)- Coal bed methane potential of Tanjung Formation in Tanah Bumbu, South Kalimantan. In: 11th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, p. Amiruddin (1989)- The preliminary study of the granitic rocks of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis, Wollonggong University, Australia, B-geol. 951, p. Amiruddin (2000)- Petrology and geochemistry of of the Sepauk Tonalite and its economic aspect in the Schwaner batholit, West Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (J. Geol. Min. Res.; GRDC) 9, 88, p. 2-10. Amiruddin (2000)- Characteristics of Cretaceous Singkawang and Triassic Sanggau batholiths, West Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 10, 103, p. 2-15. Amiruddin (2000)- Cordilleran and Caledonian types Cretaceous orogenic granitic rock belts: with the granitic samples from West-East Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 10, 108, p. 2-15. Amiruddin (2009)- Cretaceous orogenic granite belts, Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC), 19, 3, p. 167-176. (Two types of Cretaceous granite belts in Kalimantan: (1) Schwaner-Ketapang 'Cordilleran-type' large batholiths, tied to 'mid'-Cretaceous subduction of oceanic crust below continent, emplaced from 86- 129 Ma and (2) two belts of 'Caledonian-type' 'post-collisional' Late Cretaceous (75-81 Ma) isolated plutons, the E-W trending Sambas- Mangkalihat belt and Meratus) Amiruddin & Andi Mangga (1999)- Geochemistry of Cretaceous peraluminous granite plutons in head water of the Mahakam River, East Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (J. Geol. Min. Res., GRDC) 9, 88, p. 2-10. Amiruddin & D.S. Trail (1993)- Geology of the Nangapinoh sheet area, Kalimantan, 1:250 000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 49p. + map.


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Anshari, G., A.P. Kershaw & S. Van der Kaars (2001)- A Late Pleistocene and Holocene pollen and charcoal record from peat swamp forest, Lake Sentarum wildlife reserve, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, 3-4, p. 213-228. (Palynological record of last 30 kyrs from peat swamp forest in Upper Kapuas River Basin, NW Kalimantan. Late Pleistocene temperatures cooler . Charcoal values rise throughout period, reflecting increased human impact, especially in last 1400 years) Anonymous (1921)- Yzerertsafzetting in Borneo. Verslagen Meded. Indische Delfstoffen en Hare Toepassingen, Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.- Indie, Bandung, 9, p. ('Iron ore deposits in Borneo') Anshari, G., A.P. Kershaw & S. Van der Kaars & G. Jacobsen (2004)- Environmental change and peatland forest dynamics in the Lake Sentarum area, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Quatern. Sci. 19, p. 637-655. Aral, H. & M.I.I.J. Pownceby (2008)- Characterisation and beneficiation of zircon-rich heavy mineral concentrates from central Kalimantan (Borneo, Indonesia). Applied Earth Sci., Inst. Mining Metall., London, Trans. B, 117, 2, p. 77-87. (C Kalimantan potentially significant zircon and heavy mineral province. Study of zircon-rich heavy mineral alluvial tailings and zircon-rich concentrates from artisanal production in Sampit region) Arifullah, E., A. Bachtiar & Djuhaeni (2004)- Ichnological characteristics in the modern Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan. Proc. 33rdAnn. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 2004, 26 p. (Modern Mahakam Delta ichnological characteristics of four deltaic environments: (1) distributary channel, low diversity with Psilonichnus, Skolithos, Ophiomorpha, Monocraterion, Teichichnus, Arenicolites, Planolites, Thallasinoides, escaping traces and Glossifungites ichnofacies; (2) estuarine tidal bar, balanced diversity with Psilonichnus, Ophiomorpha, Arenicolites, Skolithos, Siponichnus, Monocraterion, Paleophycus, Helminthopsis, Teichichnus, Planolites, Chondrites, Paleodictyon, crawling traces, and vertebrate tracks; (3) interdistributary area, medium diversity/ high bioturbation with Arenicolites, Ophiomorpha, Conichnus, Skolithos, Scaubcylindrichnus, Diplocraterion, Rosselia, Teichichnus, Chondrites; (4) mouth bar, with Ophiomorpha, Planolites, grazing traces, crawling traces, fecal casting, and abundant Skolithos like dwelling tubes) Armein, D. Woelandari & A. Bachtiar (1998)- Identifikasi fosil rombakan di lapisan Miosen cekungan Kutai dan implikasinya geologinya. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Sed. Pal. Strat., p. 16-26. ('Identification of fossil debris in Miocene beds of the Kutai Basin and its geological implications') Atmawinata, S., N. Ratman & Baharuddin (1995)- Geological map of the Muara Ancalong Quadrangle, Kalimantan, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Aveliansyah & M. Syaiful (2010)- Facies and paleo-environment of Miocene Pulau Balang Formation and its implication to hydrocarbon potential in Kutai Basin, based on outcrop observation. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-SG-049, 8p. (Samarinda area outcrop section description of 200m of M Miocene (N9-N14) tide-influenced delta plain-delta front facies) Aziz, S. (1999)- Alluvial diamond potential in the offshore South and West Kalimantan. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 4, p. 341-344. Bachtiar, A. (1993)- The inter-relationships of some maturity parameters of source rocks in Kutai Basin. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 678. Bachtiar, A., E. Kurniawan & Y. Purwanti (1998)- Geological data acquisition during 3D seismic operation in Mutiara field area, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 85-104.


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(Sedimentology of outcrop and seismic shotholes over Mutiara field, Sanga Sanga anticline, onshore Kutei basin, SW of Mahakam delta. M-U Miocene Balikpapan- Kampung Baru Fm sediments of paleo-Mahakam Delta. 30 shallow reservoir sands mapped (73% channels, others bar sandstones. Channel width- thickness ratio around 50. Example of M Miocene paleogeography map showing S-ward prograding delta plain-front ) Baharuddin (1994)- The petrology and geochemistry of the Cretaceous Schwaner volcanic/ subvolcanic rocks and its implication to the tectonic evolution of Sundaland. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 271-290. (Schwaner Mts Cretaceous E-W belt of Early Cretaceous granitoids (130-100 Ma). Also Late Cretaceous Kerabai volcanics, probably associated with slow, low-angle subduction, and Tertiary volcanics (30-16 Ma)) Baharuddin (1999)- Petrology and mineral geochemistry of the Cretaceous volcanic and subvolcanic rocks from the Schwaner Mountains, West Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral 9, 89, p. 10-20. Baharuddin (2002)- Cretaceous Selangkai Formation of West Kalimantan and its tectonic implication. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 123, p. 2- . Baharuddin (2011)- Petrologi dan geokimia batuan gunung api Tersier Jelai di daerah Malinau, Kalimantan Timur: implikasi tektoniknya. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-032, 6p. ('Petrology and geochemistry of Tertiary Jelai volcanic rocks in the Malinau area, NE Kalimantan: its tectonic implications'. Jelai Volcanics of NE Kalimantan W of Tarakan Basin, calc-alkaline basaltic andesites of island arc affinity, with K-Ar ages between ~14.7- 16.1 Ma) Baharrudin, M.H.J. Dirk & U. Hartono (2001)- Ciri petrologi dan geokimia batuan ofiolit Bobaris, Pegunungan Meratus, Kalimantan Selatan, dan potensi mineral ekonomisnya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 28, p. 61-73. (Bobaris ophiolite complex along W flank of Meratus Mts, SE Kalimantan, is dismembered ophiolite sequence emplaced in Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Baharrudin, B. Djamal & B. Harahap (2003)- Geochemistry of the Tertiary rhyolite from West Kalimantan and its geodynamic implications. Bul. Geologi (ITB) 35, 2, p. 1-43. Baharuddin, P.E. Pieters, D. Sudana & S. Andi-Mangga (1993)- Geology of the Long Nawan sheet area, Kalimantan. 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (C-E Kalimantan-Sarawak border area map, dominated by intensely folded Late K-Paleogene Embaluh Fm, intruded by Late Cretaceous Topai granite, locally overlain by M Eocene Nyaan volcanics and Pliocene Metulang Fm volcanics) Baharuddin & J. Wahyudiono (2007)- Kontrol struktur pada pola zig-zag aliran Sungai Kayan di daerah Peso, Kalimantan Timur. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 17, 3, p. 178-186. Baillie, P., H. Darman & T.H. Fraser (2004)- Deformation of Cenozoic basins of Borneo and Sulawesi. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia and Australasia Symp., Jakarta 2004, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 443-461. (Geological evolution since Oligocene result of two opposing forces; opening of S China Sea which started in Oligocene and W-directed compression as micro-continental material from Australian Plate moved W since Miocene. Overall sinistral wrenching produced zones of deformation extending through Borneo that are loci of Neogene delta systems. Neogene compression produced W Sulawesi Fold Belt) Bambang, Setiawan & L.M. Le Bel (1987)- Discovery of a new tin province, Long Laai area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: C.S. Hutchison (ed.) Tin and Tungsten granites, Proc. IGCP Project 220 Mtg, Ipoh 1986, Techn. Bull., 6.p. 61-82.


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Barron, L.M., T.P. Mernagh R. Pogson & B.J. Barron (2008)- Alluvial ultrahigh pressure (UHP) macrodiamond at Copeton/Bingara (Eastern Australia), and Cempaka (Kalimantan, Indonesia), 9th Int. Kimberlite Conference, Extended Abstract 9IKC-A-00039, 3p. Bassi, D., L. Hottinger & Y. Iryu (2009)- Reassessment of ‘Boueina’ pacifica' Ishijima, 1978 (Orbitolininae, Foraminiferida), formerly considered a green halimedacean alga. J. Foram. Res. 39, 2, p. 120-125. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/39/2/120.full.pdf) (Boueina pacifica Ishijima 1978, from Aptian shallow-water carbonates at Seberuang, W. Kalimantan, originally ascribed to Halimeda-group algae, but is an orbitolinid foraminifer. Type specimens no diagnostic features to ally it to any genus or species of orbitolinids) Bassoulet, P. (1984)- Study of hydrosedimentological processes within Barito Estuary, Delta Pulau Petak, Kalimantan Indonesia. IFREMER Centre de Brest, 82 p. (Barito estuary studied in 1983 for 40km from mouth. Upsteam limit of saline water in 1983 dry season 38 km from mouth. ) Bassoulet, P., R. Djuwansah, D. Gouleau & C. Marius (1986)- Hydrosedimentological processes and soils of the Barito estuary. Oceanologica Acta 9, 3, p. 217-226. (Barito estuary studied for 40km from mouth. Controlled by tidal currents) Batchelor, D.A.F. (1993)- Late Pleistocene sedimentation and landform development in western Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo); discussion. Geol. Mijnbouw 71, 3, p. 281-286. (Critique of Thorp et al. 1990 paper) Bates, J. (1996)- Overpressuring in the Kutai Basin: distribution, origin and implications for the petroleum system. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 25, 1, p. 93-115. (Overpressuring ubiquitous in Kutei Basin. Sequences affected by overpressuring younger from W to E, consistent with easterly progradation. Primary mechanism for overpressure is Disequilibrium Compaction, and is pervasive in sand-poor distal and deeper marine clastics. Three pressure zones: hydrostatic, transition and hard overpressure. Large percentage of reserves in Transition Zone; commercially productive hydrocarbon reservoirs not encountered in Hard Overpressure Zone in Sanga-Sanga PSC. Seal capacity of shales in Transition Zone enhanced relative to Hydrostatic Zone and results in larger hydrocarbon columns) Baumann, P. (1972)- Les faunes de foraminiferes de l’Eocene superieur a la base du Miocene dans le basin de Pasir, Sud de Kalimantan. Rev. Inst. Franc. Petr. 27, 6, p. 817-829. (Late Eocene- Early Miocene planktonic foraminifera zonation in Pasir Basin, SE Kalimantan) Bazin, B., E. Brosse & F. Sommer (1997)- Chemistry of oil-field brines in relation to diagenesis of reservoirs 1. Use of mineral stability fields to reconstruct in situ water composition. Example of the Mahakam Basin. Marine Petrol. Geol. 14, 5, p. 481-495. Beauchamp, J.B. (1980)- Seismic resolution in the Mahakam delta. Proc. 9th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 327-349. (Conventional seismic with average wave length of 100m not adequate to differentiate 20m thick sandstone reservoirs) Beets, C. (1941)- Eine Jungmiocane Mollusken-Fauna von der Halbinsel Mangkalihat, Ost-Borneo (nebst Bermerkungen uber andere Faunen von Ost-Borneo; die Leitfossilien-Frage). Verhand. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser.13, p. 1-282. (‘A Late Miocene mollusk fauna from the Mangkalihat Peninsula, E Kalimantan’. 160 well preserved mollusc species from one locality 114 at N side of Mangkalihat Peninsula, collected by Leupold)) Beets, C. (1947)- On probably Pliocene fossils from the Mahakkam Delta region, East Borneo and from dessah Garoeng (Lamongan), Java. Geol. Mijnbouw, N.S., 9, p. 200-203.


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Beets, C. (1950)- On Quaternary Mollusca from the Islands of Boenjoe and Tarakan, E. Borneo. Leidse Geol. Meded. 15, p. 241-264. Beets, C. (1950)- On probably Young Miocene fossils from the coal concession Batoe Panggal near Tenggarong (Samarinda), Eastern Borneo. Leidse Geol. Meded. 15, p. 265-281. Beets, C. (1950)- On fossil Mollusca from the island of Mandul, East-Borneo. Leidse Geol. Meded. 15, p. 291304. Beets, C. (1950)- Pliocene Mollusca from a coral limestone of a hill near Sekurau, E. Borneo. Leidse Geol. Meded. 15, p. 305-318. Beets, C. (1981)- Late Miocene Mollusca from Tapian Langsat and Gunung Batuta, Sungai Bangalun area, Kalimantan (E. Borneo). Scripta Geol. 59, p. 13-28. Beets, C. (1981)- Note on Mollusca from the Lower Mentawir Beds, Balikpapan Bay area, Kalimantan (East Borneo). Scripta Geol., Leiden, 59, p. 1-12,. (Mentawir Beds NE of Balikpapan originally assigned to M Miocene Tf2 (Miogypsina, Lepidocyclina), but molluscs suggest probably Late Miocene/Tf3 age) Beets, C. (1983)- Miocene molluscs from Muara Kobun and Pulu Senumpah, Sangkulirang Bay, northern Kutai (East Borneo). Scripta Geol. 67, p. 1-21. (Mollusks from two localities around Sangkulirang Bay, E Kalimantan, collected by Schmidt in 1902 and Rutten 1912 mainly gastropods of Preangerian age) Beets, C. (1983)- Miocene (Preangerian) molluscs from Kari Orang, northern Kutai, East Borneo. Scripta Geol. 67, p. 23-47. (online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148759) (Molluscs collected by Witkamp in 1908 on N flank Kari Orang anticline 27 species are of Preangerian age (Late Miocene; Tf3). Associated corals described by Felix 1921 and Gerth 1923) Beets, C. (1983)- Preangerian (Miocene) Mollusca from the Lower Sangkulirang Marl Formation, Kari Orang, Kalimantan (East Borneo). Scripta Geol. 67, p. 49-67. (Molluscs collected by Rutten in Lower Sangkulirang Marls Preangerian, Tf3 (Late Miocene) age, not Early Miocene (Tf2) as originally interpreted) Beets, C. (1984)- Mollusca from Preangerian deposits of Mandul island, Northeastern Kalimantan (East Borneo). Scripta Geol. 74, p. 49-80. (online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148808) (Molluscs collected in 1916 by BPM from Mandul Island, Tarakan basin. First examined by K Martin in 1916: 22 species, and age 'uppermost Old Miocene' or 'Upper Miocene'. Restudy identified 42 species, suggesting mixed faunas and Miocene age) Beets, C. (1986)- Preangerian (Late Miocene) Mollusca from a hill near Sekurau, northern Kutai, Kalimantan Timur (East Borneo). Scripta Geol. 74, p. 1-37. (online at: www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148710) (Molluscs fossils collected Schmidt in 1902 from hill near Sekurau, N Kutai, in Late Miocene clays with limestones and sandstones, overlain by Pliocene coral limestones. Sixty species suggesting Preangerian age (Tf3) and shallow marine conditions) Beets, C. (1986)- Molluscan fauna of the Lower Gelingseh Beds s.str., Sangulirang area, Kalimantan Timur (East Borneo). Scripta Geol. 82, p. 1-82. (online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148740) (Compilation of investigations of molluscs collected Rutten from Late Miocene Gelingseh Beds, E Kalimantan) Bellorini, J.P., T. Debertrand & M. Iskandar Umar (1989)- Handil Field development- example of geological reservoir study. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc, I, p. 91-106.


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(Handil Field in Mahakam Delta 1974 discovery in Mio-Pliocene deltaic sandstones, with 330 wells in 1989. Complex reservoir geometries) Bergman, S.C., D.P. Dunn & L.G. Krol (1988)- Rock and mineral chemistry of the Linhaisai Minette, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, and the origin of Borneo diamonds. The Canadian Mineralogist, 26, 1, p. 23-43. (Lihaisai minette dykes from C Kalimantan, just E of Muller Mts dated at ~7.8 Ma. Primitive nature and probably of mantle origin. Do not contain diamonds; alluvial diamonds must derive from elsewhere. Stratigraphy of area: Late Paleozoic metamorphics overlain by marine Cretaceous, overlain bi Oligocene(?) Plateau sandstone, intruded by Neogene igneous rocks)) Bergman, S.C., W.S. Turner & L.G. Krol (1987)- A reassessment of the diamondiferous Pamali Breccia, southeast Kalimantan, Indonesia: intrusive kimberlite breccia or sedimentary conglomerate? Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Paper 215, p. 183-195. (Pamali Breccia along margin of Bobaris ophiolite often regarded as ‘kimberlite’ source of Borneo diamonds (Koolhoven 1935), but is fluvial conglomerate with angular ophiolite fragments) Biantoro, E., M.I. Kusuma & L.F. Rotinsulu (1996)- Tarakan Sub-basin growth faults, northeast Kalimantan: their roles in hydrocarbon entrapment. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 175-189. (Tarakan sub-basin 5 provinces separated by normal faults, controlled by Oligocene to Pliocene growth fault systems. Fault development in three periods: Late Oligocene-E Miocene rift faulting, M-L Miocene growth faulting, and Mio-Pliocene growth faulting. Miocene faults rejuvenation of previous faults, coinciding with change from transgression to regression. Hydrocarbons trapped by growth faults: four way dip, roll-over against fault, fault traps, and unconformity closures) Biantoro, E., B.P. Muritno & J.M.B. Mamuaya (1992)- Inversion faults as the major structural control in the northern part of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 45-59. (Kutai Basin deepest Tertiary basin in Indonesia with >10 km sediments. Structural pattern is anticlinorium trending almost N-S, gradually changing to E-W at N edge. Compressional faults in N Kutai Basin are inversion faults, rejuvenating Eocene-Pliocene extensional faults. Late compression by coupling between Paternoster and Sangkulirang dextral strike slip faults in Plio-Pleistocene) Biantoro, E., T.S. Priantono & J.M.B. Mamuaya (1994)- Potensi reservoir Eosen daerah Bungalun Barat, Cekungan Kutai Utara: prediksi dari interpretasi seismik. In: Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geophys. (HAGI), p. 355-373. (‘Eocene reservoir potential in the W Bangulan area, N Kutai basin: prediction from seismic interpretation’) Biantoro, E., B. Yulian & I. Muchlis (1991)- Identifikasi gejala diapirik dalam hubungannya dengan pemerangkapan hidrokarbon di lapangan Sangatta dan sekitarnya. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Energy Min. Res., p. 163-179. ('Identification of diapyric features and its relation with hydrocarbon in the Sangatta field and surroundings') Billman, H.G. & L.Witoelar Kartaadipura (1974)- Late Tertiary biostratigraphic zonation, Kutei Basin, offshore East Kalimantan. Proc. 3rd. Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 301-310. (First Late Miocene- Recent biozonation based on rotaliid benthic foraminifera for use in deltaic sediments where planktonics and larger forams are usually absent) Bishop, W.P. (1980)- Structure, stratigraphy and hydrocarbons offshore southern Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. 64, p. 37-58. (Java Sea S of Kalimantan stratigraphy) Bladon, G.M., P.E. Pieters & S. Supriatna (1989)- Catalogue of isotopic ages commissioned by the IndonesiaAustralia Geological Mapping Project for igneous and metamorphic rocks in Kalimantan. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. (unpublished)


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Boettger, O. (1875)- Die fossilen Mollusken der Eocänformation auf der Insel Borneo. In: R.D.M. Verbeek et al., Die Eocanformation von Borneo und ihre Versteinerungen, Palaeontographica Suppl. III, 1, p. 9-59. (‘Fossil mollusks of the Eocene of Borneo’. Includes descriptions of molluscs from Eocene Tanjung Fm near Pengaron, Meratus Mts. 18 species of gastropods and many more bivalves, most of them marine, but the lowest clay beds associated with coals have mainly large fresh-brackish water Cyrena species) Boettger, O. (1877)- Die fossilen Mollusken der Eocanformation auf der Insel Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 6 (1877), 2, p. 16-110. (Same paper as above) Boichard, R., P.F. Burollet, B. Lambert & J.M. Villain (1985)- La plate-forme carbonate du Pater Noster, Est de Kalimantan (Indonesie), etude sedimentologique et ecologique. TOTAL Comp. Franç. Pétr., Notes et Mem. 20, 101 p. ('The carbonate platform of Paternoster, East of Kalimantan'. Sedimentological- ecological study of recent sediments, all m-c grained carbonate sands. On reef islands mainly fragments of corals, algae and foraminifera, between reef complexes mainly benthic foraminifera. In some sheltered lows abundant Halimeda algae. On E slope of platform common planktonic foraminifera, coccoliths and glauconite) Bois, M., Y. Grosjean & L. de Pazzis (1994)- Shale compaction and abnormal pressure evaluation application to the Offshore Mahakam. Proc. 23rd Annual Convention Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 245-259. Bon, J., T.H. Fraser, W. Amris, D.N. Stewart, Z. Abubakar & S. Sosromihardjo (1996)- A review of the exploration potential of the Paleocene Lower Tanjung Formation in the South Barito Basin. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 69-79. (Barito Basin ~5000 m Cretaceous- Tertiary clastics with minor carbonates. M-Late Miocene compression divided basin along "Tanjung Line": to N deformed zone with reverse faulted anticlines; to S virtually undisturbed sediments dipping down to axis of asymmetrical basin. Discoveries restricted to inverted area N of "Tanjung Line". Tanjung Fm in undisturbed S Barito Basin shows Paleocene and Cretaceous sediments in Lower Tanjung Fm (previously assigned to Lower Eocene). Primary reservoir basal transgressive sand (63 Ma), equivalent to Z860 sandstone in Tanjung Field. Principal source rocks are coals and coaly claystone with Type III kerogens. Claystones associated with flooding surfaces of sequence-4 seal in Tanjung Field and also expected to provide seals in study area) Boudagher-Fadel, M.K., A.R. Lord & F.T. Banner (2000)- Some Miogypsinidae (foraminifera) in the Miocene of Borneo and nearby countries. Revue Paleobiol. 19, 1, p. 137-156. Boudagher-Fadel, M.K., J.J. Noad & A.R. Lord (2000)- Larger foraminifera from Late Oligocene- Earliest Miocene reefal limestones of North-East Borneo. Rev. Espan. Micropal. 32, p. 341-361. Boudagher-Fadel, M.K. & M.E.J. Wilson (2000)- A revision of some larger foraminifera from the Miocene of East Kalimantan. Micropaleontology 46, p.153-165. (Burdigalian- Serravallian (Tf1-Tf2) larger forams from Batu Putih limestone patch reefs inland from Mahakam delta) Brahmantio, R., C.M. Adam, A. Laffaure, E. Chavanne & N. Syarifuddin (2008)- Structural uncertainty study: an example from Sisi-Nubi Fields. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA08-G-097, 9 p. (Sisi and Nubi gas fields, off Mahakam delta, faulted anticlinal structures, compartmentalized by major NNESSW faults, creating 6 main compartments; 4 in Nubi, 2 in Sisi) Brandon-Jones, D. (2001)- Borneo as a biogeographic barrier to Asian-Australasian migration In: I. Metcalfe et al. (eds) Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia-Australasia. Balkema, Lisse, p. 365-372. BRGM (1982)- Geological mapping and mineral exploration in northeastern Kalimantan 1979-1982; Final Report. Bureau de Recherches Geologique et Minieres, Rapport 82.RDM.0007 AD, p. (unpublished)


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Brouwer, H.A. (1910)- On micaleucite basalt from Eastern Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 12, p. 148-154. (online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (English version of 1909 paper 'Glimmerleucitbasalt van Oost-Borneo'. Leucite-bearing basalts, previously known only from Ringgit (Java), Bawean and SW Sulawesi, also present in E Bawoei Mts, Upper Kajan area, Kalimantan. Rock type named kajanite) Bucking, H. (1904)- Liste einer Sammlung von Gesteinen vom Keleiflusse in Berouw, Ost-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 8, p. 102-105. ('List of a collection of rocks from the Kelei River in Berau, E Kalimantan'. Summary petrographic descriptions of descriptions of Tertiary limmestones with Lepicyclina, shales and greywacke sandstones collected from the Kelei tributary of the Berau River by Spaan) Budiartha, K. & I. Hartono (1999)- Applications of hydraulic fracturing to increase oil production in Tanjung Field, Kalimantan, Indonesia: Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 147-154. Buijs, D.W., H. Witkamp, F.H. Eendert, H.C. Siebers & F.D.K. Bosch (1927)- Midden-Oost-Borneo Expeditie 1925. Indisch Comite voor Wetenschappelijke Onderzoekingen, Kolff, Weltevreden (Bogor), 407 p. (Report on Central- East Borneo Expedition April- December 1925, sponsored by 'Indies Committee for Scientific Research'. Primarily a botanical study, with brief summary of geology by H. Witkamp (p. 105-116). Rocks from this expedition were described by Rutten (1947)) Burgath, K.(1988)- Platinum-group minerals in ophiolitic chromitites and alluvial placer deposits, MeratusBobaris area, Southeast Kalimantan. In: H.M. Pritchard et al. (eds.) Proc.Geo-Platinum 87 Symposium, Milton Keynes 1987, Elsevier, p. 383-403. Burgath, K.P. & M. Mohr (1986)- Chromitites and platinum-group minerals in the Meratus- Bobaris ophiolite zone, southeast Borneo. Metallogeny of basic and ultrabasic rocks. In: M.J. Gallager et al. (eds.) Mineralogy of basic and ultrabasic rocks, Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, London, p. 333-349. Burgath, K.P. & M. Mohr (1991)- The Pamali Breccia near Martapura in South-East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo); a diamondiferous diatreme? Geol. Jahrbuch (Festschrift M. Kuersten) 127, p. 569-587. Burollet, P.F., R. Boichard, B. Lambert & J.M. Villain (1986)- Sedimentation and ecology of the Pater Noster carbonate platform. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 155-169. (Pater Noster Platform broad shallow platform off SE Kalimantan. Recents sediments m-c grained carbonate sand. Reef islands and vicinity sands composed of coral fragments, red algae, molluscs and foraminifera. Some sheltered lows up to 80% Halimeda algae. Open marine area sands mainly forams, often larger ones. On E slope and medium deep terraces of Massa Lima, sediments rich in planktonic foraminifera and coccoliths; glauconite may be abundant) Burroughs, H.C. (1972)- Attaka Oil Field. Proc. 1st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 128-139. (Attaka Field 1970 discovery in anticlinal structure in NE part Mahakam Delta. Stacked reservoirs in Early Pliocene deltaic sands) Burrus, J., E. Brosse, G. Choppin de Janvry, Y. Grosjean & J.L. Oudin (1992)- Basin modelling in the Mahakam Delta based on the integrated 2D model TEMISPACK. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 23-43. (Coal-rich, normally pressured delta-plain facies in synclines most effective source rock, not deep overpressured marine shales. Migration mostly parallel to bedding/ updip along structure flanks rather than vertically across bedding)


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Burrus, J., E. Brosse, J. De Choppin & Y. Grosjean (1994)- Interactions between tectonism, thermal history, and paleohydrology in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia: model results, petroleum consequences. AAPG Int. Conf. Exh., Kuala Lumpur 1994, AAPG Bull. 78, 7, p. 1186 (Abstract only) (Mahakam Delta 2-d maturity models along 70-km-long transects confirm fluid inclusions evidence that region cooled by up to 25°C in recent time. Cooling caused by topography-driven circulation in Late Miocene Fresh Water Sands, charged along 600-m-high Pliocene coastal uplift. Best-fit age of uplift ~3 Ma. Most of flow system has disappeared due to erosion. Discharge of meteoric waters along listric normal faults at periphery of present-day delta. Observed temperatures and paleotemperatures agree with hypothesis that opening of N Makassar basin was Paleogene rather than Oligocene- E Miocene age sometimes proposed) Burrus, J., K. Osadetz, M. Gaulier, E. Brosse et al. (1993)- Source rock permeability and petroleum expulsion efficiency: modelling examples from the Mahakam Delta, the Williston Basin and the Paris Basin. In: Proc. 4th Conf. Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe, Geol. Society London, p. 1317-1332. Busono, I., H. Alam & S. Corbin (1997)- Controls on the reservoir quality of Lower Miocene sandstones, Kutei basin. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 745-749. (Burial depth, temperature and related maturation of carbonaceous material and pressure major controls on diagenesis of sandstones) Butterworth, P.J., P. Cook, R.A. Ripple, M. Drummond et al. (2001)- Reservoir architecture of an incised-valley fill from the Nilam Field, Kutai Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 537-555. (Thick, multi-storey M Miocene G053B reservoir with 180 BCF OGIP interpreted as incised valley fill (IVF) back-stepping sequence, deposited during relative sea level rise. IVF interpretation, rather than highstand distributary channel model based on clear incision and basinward shift in facies, coeval sediment-starved interfluves, and abnormal aspect ratio (3 km wide, 40 m thick)) Cahyo, N., D. Aryanto, Koesnadi H.S, Setyanto & N. Sukmana (2000)- Indikasi keberadaan dan kandungan mineral kasiterit di perairan selatan Kalimantan. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 61-72. (Poster abstract. 'Rich indications and cassiterite mineral content in the S Kalimantan area') Camp, W.K., E.E. Guritno, D. Drajat & M.E.J. Wilson (2009)- Middle-Lower Eocene turbidites: a new deepwater play concept, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-001, 15p. (E-M Eocene turbidite deposits penetrated by a few wells and also exposed onshore along uplifted area S of Mangkalihat Peninsula, NE Kalimantan) Campbell, K. & D. Wayan Ardhana (1988)- Post Convention Field Trip 1988: Barito Basin, South Kalimantan, Guide Book. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., 54 p. Caratini, C. & C. Tissot (1987)- Le sondage Miredor- Etude palynologique. In: Geochimie organique des sediments Plio-Quaternaires du delta de la Mahakam- Le Sondage Misedor, Edit. TECHNIP, Paris, p. 137(Palynogical study of 647m deep Misedor core hole on Handil Anticline, Mahakam delta. TD in Upper Pliocene, continous deltaic facies) Caratini, C. & C. Tissot (1988)- Paleogeographical evolution of the Mahakam delta in Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the Quaternary and Late Pliocene. Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 55, p. 217-228. (Mahakam delta MISEDOR well (638.5m) reaches U Pliocene. Palynology markers Phyllocladus hypophyllus, Podocarpus imbricatus and Stenochlaena laurifolia helped locate Plio-Pleistocene boundary at ~400 m. Uniform paleogeographical features below this depth and great variability of conditions above it. Indications of climatic changes in several periods of low sea level with rise of detritus and high frequencies of grass pollen, due to savanna development in response to colder climatic conditions)


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Carbonel, P. & T. Hoibian (1988)- The impact of organic matter on ostracods from an equatorial deltaic area, the Mahakam Delta, Southeastern Kalimantan. In: T. Hanai et al. (eds.) Evolutionary biology of Ostracoda, its fundamentals and applications. Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Ostracoda, Shizuoka, Elsevier Developments in Paleontology and Stratigraphy 11, p. 353-366. Carbonel, P., T. Hoibian & J. Moyes (1987)- Ecosystemes et paleoenvironnements de la zone deltaique de la Mahakam depuis la fin du Neogene. In: Geochimie organique des sediments Plio-Quaternaires du delta de la Mahakam- Le Sondage Misedor, Edit. TECHNIP, Paris, p. 85- 135. (Good overview of Mahakam delta plain environments and distribution of foraminifera, ostracodes plus data from Misedor core hole on Handil Anticline) Carbonel, P. & J. Moyes (1987)- Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of the Mahakam Delta (Kalimantan, Indonesia). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 61, 3-4, p. 265-284. (Paleoenvironments in deltas can be defined by biological tracers, mainly benthic foraminifera and ostracods. In 200 m of core these biomarkers show four transgressive marine sequences since 125,000 yr B.P., with sharp asymmetry in a transgression/progradation cycle) Carter, I.S. & R.J. Morley (1995)- Utilising outcrop and palaeontological data to determine a detailed sequence stratigraphy of the Early Miocene deltaic sediments of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Int. Symp. Sequence Stratigraphy in Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 345-361. (Sequence stratigraphic subdivision of >5000m of Early Miocene sediment in onshore Kutai Basin establishing ‘high-resolution’ palynology zonation between 20-16 Ma) Cartier E.G. & A.K. Yeats (1973)- The Lower Tertiary in Kaltim Shell Contract area, East Kalimantan. Results of 1972-1973 Field Surveys (Kaltim Shell), p. (Unpublished Shell report. Hutchison 1996: Embaluh Group of the Upper Mahakam and Boh rivers of Kalimantan yielded M Eocene planktonic foraminifera) Casson, N., M. Wannier, J. Lobao & P. George (1999)- Modern morphology- ancient analogue: insights into deep water sedimentation on the active tectonic margin of West Sabah. Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 43, p. 399-403. Cater, M.C. (1981)- Stratigraphy of the offshore area South of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 269-284. (S Kalimantan Offshore Area altered pre-Tertiary, overlain separated unconformably by Eocene-Recent sediments. Karimundjawa Ridge separates main basins to E from Billiton Basin in W. Billiton Basin Oligocene -earliest Miocene in continental facies, more marine conditions in E with variable amounts of limestone) Chambers, J.L.C., I. Carter, I.R. Cloke, J. Craig, S.J. Moss & D.W. Paterson (2004)- Thin-skinned and thickskinned inversion-related thrusting- a structural model for the Kutai Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: K.R. McClay (ed.) Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems, AAPG Mem 82, p. 614-634. (Regional compression reactivated basement extensional faults, inverting Paleogene depocenters as anticlines often flanked on one side by basement thrusts. Neogene section detached near top overpressured zone and deformed as thin-skinned fold-thrust belt. Response to inversion of Paleogene rift section controlled in part by heterogeneity in shallow section: syndepositional loading, delta progradation, normal faults, facies changes) Chambers, J.L.C. & T. Daley (1995)- A tectonic model for the onshore Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, based on an integrated geological and geophysical interpretation. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, 1, p. 111-130. (Models for Samarinda Anticlinorium included gravity slumping, shale diapirism and thrusting. Structures in Runtu Block are rigid deltaic- shelf sediments deformed into box-folds above folded shaly prodelta- bathyal sediments. Detachment at top or within over-pressured shales at base of Lower Miocene deltaics. Gravity data suggests semi-regional uplifts of over-pressured strata. Basement not visible on seismic, but gravity and aeromagnetics show it between 7-14 km. Models imply small amounts of shortening across near-surface


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structures and relatively large uplift. C Kutai Basin inversion of deep Palaeogene rift basin gave rise to broad regional folding of shale-rich over-pressured section. Closer spaced folding in near surface, normally pressured, less ductile deltaic -shelf section of Samarinda Anticlinorium result of same inversion) Chambers, J.L.C. & T.E. Daley (1997)- A tectonic model for the onshore Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 126, p. 375-393. (Similar to above paper) Chambers, J.L.C. & S. Moss (1999)- Depositional modelling of rift episodes and inversion of the Kutei Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Petroleum Expl. Soc. Aust. J., 27, p. 9-24. (Re-interpreted Tertiary facies distributions in Kutai Basin used to build models of tectonic basin evolution and depositional environments arrangements in relationship to major basin phases. Rift-related depocentres may offer alternative exploration target to proven Miocene systems. New understanding of basin development is important for appreciation of resource distribution in this basin and similar rift basins of Borneo and SE Asia) Chiang, K.K. (2002)- Geochemistry of the Cenozoic igneous rocks of Borneo and tectonic implications. Ph.D. Thesis, Royal Holloway and Bedford College, University of London, 364 p. (Unpublished) Chiang, K.K., C. Macpherson, R. Hall & M. Thirlwall (2000)- A comparative study of the geochemistry and tectonic setting of Cenozoic igneous rocks from East Kalimantan and Sabah, Borneo. Goldschmidt 2000 Conf., Oxford 2000, p. 305 (Abstract only) (E Miocene (~24-18 Ma) rocks in Kutei Basin E-W trend of intrusive rocks belonging to Sintang suite that extends E-W across Kalimantan. Youngest stages of Sintang episode overlap with eruptive volcanism in SE Sabah and precede intrusion of Kinabalu pluton in M Miocene. This period of igneous activity in NW Borneo is coeval with opening of Sulu Sea. Late Plio-Pleistocene volcanics of Borneo NE-SW trend) Christensen, K., A. Nurhono, R.U. Zahar, S. Chipchase et al. (1998)- The Sepinggan Field: reducing field modelling and reserve calculation cycle time. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 329-339. (Sepinggan Field off E Kalimantan complexly faulted deltaic sandstone, shales, and minor carbonates. In deltaic section only mappable units are coals. Over 100 M-L Miocene reservoir zones over more than 5,000’) Cibaj, I. (2009)- A fluvial series in the Middle Miocene of Kutei Basin: a major shift from Proto-Mahakam shallow marine to the continental environment. In: Variations in fluvial-deltaic and coastal reservoirs deposited in tropical environments, AAPG Hedberg Conf., Jakarta 2009, 11p. (online at: www.searchanddiscovery.com:16080/abstracts/pdf/2010/hedberg_indonesia/abstracts/ndx_cibaj.pdf) (In Proto-Mahakam delta outcrops early Middle Miocene fluvial sand-rich interval, ~700-800m thick, above deeper water marine facies, and overlain by more marine deltaic series) Cibaj, I. (2010)- Fluvial channel complexes in the Middle Miocene of Lower Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan- the stacking pattern of sediments. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA10-G-053, 13p. (600m thick M Miocene(N9-N13) section exposed near Samarinda. At bottom of section reefal carbonates (called 10.5 Ma_mfs, but on Fig 1 Batu Putih shown as NN4-NN5= 14-18 Ma range; also called N8 by Allen & Chambers 1998), abruptly overlain by fluvial channel sands, flood plain shales and 1-3m thick coals. Stacked fluvial parasequences, each 40-50 m thick. Transition to fluvial deposits interpreted as SB 10.2 Ma (should be older?; HvG) and influx of coarse-grained sediment tied to tectonic uplift in hinterland) Cibaj, I. (2011)- Channel-levee complexes in the slope turbidites of Lower Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11 G-078, 18p. (Description of geometry of sandstone reservoirs in slope turbidite channel- levee complexes in outcrop near Samarinda) Cibaj, I. (2011)- Channel-levee facies and sea floor fan lobes in the turbidites of Lower Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. Berita Sediment. 21, FOSI- IAGI, p. 15-21.


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(Online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/files/2011/06/FOSI_BeritaSedimentologi_BS-21_June2011_Final.pdf) (New outcrops of late Early- Middle Miocne (NN4-NN5) clastics and Batu Putih limestones on Samarinda Anticlinorium NW of Samarinda. Channel-levee complexes/ slope turbidites and debris flows below Batu Putih carbonates, which are thought to represent shelf break environment. Similar to paper above) Cibaj, I., F. Lafont, E. Chavanne & G. de Tonnac (2006)- Upper Miocene fluvial deposits offshore modern Mahakam Delta. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-PG-29, 4p. (Producing Upper Miocene (Messinian) Fresh Water Sands Fm offshore Mahakam Delta in Sisi-Nubi Field previously interpreted as deltaic sequence. Recent 3D seismic shows meandering features, evidence of fluvial deposit 30 km offshore from modern delta and <10 km from present shelf break) Cibaj, I., N. Syarifuddin, U. Ashari, A. Wiweko & K.A. Maryunani (2007)- Stratigraphic interpretation of Middle Miocene Mahakam Delta deposits: implications for reservoir distribution and quality. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-G-116, 11p. (Samarinda area outcrops of 450 m M Miocene deltaic deposits studied. Overall thickening upward sequences interpreted as indicating regressive evolution of deltaic parasequences) Cibaj, I. & A. Wiweko (2008)- Recognition of progradational shelf deposits in the Middle Miocene of Kutai Basin. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA08-G-171, 14p. (Outcrop study of M Miocene progradational deltaic deposits NW of Samarinda. Upward transition from a slope-basin environment to slope and from slope to shelf. No documentation of age control) Cities Service Co. (1980)- Hydrocarbon plays in Tertiary, S.E. Asia basins. Oil and Gas J. 78, 29, p. 90-96. Clark, T., J. Hadiwijoto, B. Zagalai, S. Martinez & D. Staples (1994)- Serang Field re-evaluation. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 339-353. (Serang field N of Attaka field, N Mahakam, E Kalimantan, evolved from non-commercial discovery in 1973 to a field with proven reserves of 35 MBO and 275 GCF in Late Miocene deltaic sands) Clark, T., M. Turk, J. Hadiwijoto & Y. Partono (1999)- Serang Field- discovery within a seismic "fault shadow". Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 323-341. (Serang field off E Kalimantan. Structure for long time hidden in shadow under large listric normal fault. Main reservoir Upper Miocene fluvio-deltaic channel sands. Reefal carbonates preferentially developed on upthrown block in M Miocene- early late Miocene (reservoir quality rel. poor) and in Pliocene (very porous)) Clauer, N., T. Rinckenbach, F. Weber, F. Sommer, S. Chaudhuri & J.R. O'Neil (1999)- Diagenetic evolution of clay minerals in oil-bearing Neogene sandstones and associated shales, Mahakam delta basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 83, 1, p. 62-87. (Study of clays in Handil and Tunu fields. Cllay fraction of Mahakam Delta Basin mixed-layer illite/smectite, kaolinite/dickite, detrital illite, and chlorite. Hydrocarbon generation took place in deeper synclinal zones and that oil migrated upward with brines,probably inducing most of illitization in upper sequence) Cloke, I.R. (1997)- Structural controls on the basin evolution of the Kutai Basin and Makassar Straits. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 376 p. (Flexural modelling of Neogene load of Mahakam Delta suggests sediments 20 km landward of present day shelf-break loaded lithosphere with high elastic thickness, corresponding to oceanic lithosphere of 47 Ma. Landward of this point, the elastic thickness is less and suggesting stretched continental crust.) Cloke, I.R., J. Craig & D.J. Blundell (1999)- Structural controls on the hydrocarbon and mineral deposits within the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. In: K.J.W. McCaffrey et al. (eds.) Fractures, fluid flow and mineralization, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 155, p. 213-232. (Deep Kutai Basin formed in M Eocene extension, linked to opening of Philippines Sea, Celebes Sea and Makassar Straits. Seismic profiles across N Kutai Basin show M Eocene NNE-SSW and N-S half-graben. Late Oligocene extension on NW-SE trending faults, reactivating basement structures. Syn-rift coals sufficiently


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deeply buried to generate hydrocarbons prior to inversion. Shortening since E Miocene resulted in breaching of traps and generation of new traps. M Eocene, Late Oligocene- E Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene volcanic activity set up several mineral deposits. Reactivation of NW-SE and NE-SW trending basement structures controlled location of hydrocarbon and mineral deposits) Cloke, I.R., J. Milsom & D.J.B. Blundell (1999)- Implications of gravity data from East Kalimantan and the Makassar Straits: a solution to the origin of the Makassar Straits? J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, 1-2, p. 61-78. (Gravity modeling and flexural backstripping suggest North Makassar basin underlain by Middle Eocene oceanic crust) Cloke, I.R., S.J. Moss & J. Craig (1997)- The influence of basement reactivation on the extensional and inversional history of the Kutai Basin, Eastern Kalimantan. J. Geol. Soc. London 154, p.157-161. (Kutai basins formed in M- Late Eocene above Late Cretaceous/Early Tertiary orogenic comple. Basement fabrics influenced extension and inversion. Basement fabric on margins and Tertiary cover dominated by NESW, NW-SE and NNE-SSW-trending structures. Larger scale NW-SE narrow linear gravity lows cut NNE-SSW highs on gravity data within basin. NNE-SSW basin-bounding faults overlap in right stepping en-echelon manner. Opposing antithetic and synthetic half-grabens linked by oblique NW-SE transfer faults. Inversion utilized extensional faults as reverse faults; however, NW–SE-oriented structures were reactivated as zones of lateral offset along fold-thrust belt, whilst fault kinks oriented NE-SW reactivated as oblique-slip reverse faults) Cloke, I.R., S.J. Moss & J. Craig (1999)- Structural controls on the evolution of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 137-156. (Kutai Basin formed in M Eocene by extension linked to opening of Makassar Straits. N margin inverted NNESSW trending Eocene half-grabens. Late Oligocene extension on NW-SE trending en-echelon faults under different stress regime, indicating rotaion of extension direction between 45- 90°. Early Miocene N6-N8 inversion along E-facing half-grabens on N and S margins. WNW-vergent thrusts indicate compression from ESE. Miocene collisions with N and E Sundaland triggered punctuated basin inversion. Inversion concentrated in weak continental crust below Kutai Basin and various Sulawesi basins, while stronger oceanic crust or attenuated continental crust of Makassar Straits acted as passive conduit for compressional stresses) Coggon, J (2010) Application of the 190Pt-186Os isotope decay system to dating platinum-group minerals. Doct. Thesis, Unversity of Durham, p.. (online at: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/398/1/Jude_Coggon_THESIS_with_corrections.pdf) Coggon, J., G. Nowell, D. Pearson, J. P. Lorand, T. Oberthur & S. Parman (2010)- Dating Platinum mineralisation using the 190Pt-186Os system: examples from the Bushveld Complex, RSA and the Meratus Ophiolite, Borneo. In: 11th Int. Platinum Symp. 2010, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Release- Data 269, 4 p. (Extended abstract) (Pt-Os isochron age of 202.5 ± 8.3 Ma for a placer Platinum Group Mineral population derived from Meratus ophiolite, SE Borneo. Interpreted as the age of formation of grains during chromitite genesis in lower oceanic lithosphere (latest Triassic)) Coggon, J., G.M. Nowell1, D.G. Pearson & S.W. Parman (2011)- Application of the 190Pt- 186Os isotope system to dating platinum mineralization and ophiolite formation: an example from the Meratus Mountains, Borneo. Economic Geol. 106, 1, p. 93-117. (Pt-Os dating of detrital Platinum Group Minerals from Pontyn River, Asem Asem Basin, SE of Meratus Mountains, SE Kalimantan, gave precise isochron age of 197.8 ± 8.1 Ma + near triassic- Jurasic boundary). Interpreted as age of formation of PGM grains in lower oceanic lithosphere) Combaz, A. & M. de Matharel (1978)- Organic sedimentation and genesis of petroleum in Mahakam Delta, Borneo. AAPG Bull. 62, 9, p. 1684-1695. (Mahakam delta organic material in source rocks generally continental and vegetal origin. Oils paraffinic, increase in gravity with depth, and very low sulfur content. Accumulations probably not far from source rocks, but originate at greater depths. Hydrocarbons could have migrated vertically about 3,000 m along faults)


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Core Laboratories (1996)- Regional sequence stratigraphic and geochemical study of the Tarakan Basin, Northeast Kalimantan. Unpublished Multi-client study, p. Core Laboratories (2006)- Deep water reservoirs, Asia- a regional evaluation, Phase I- Indonesia and The Philippines. Unpublished Multi-client study, p. (Study of deep water wells from Makassar Straits, Sulu Sea, S China Sea) Courteney, S., P. Cockcroft, R. Lorentz, R. Miller, H.L. Ott, S. Wiman et al. (eds.) (1991)- Indonesia- Oil and Gas Fields Atlas, 5, Kalimantan. Indonesian Petroleum Association, p. 1-25, A1-A8. (Introduction to Kalimantan geology and summary of oil and gas fields. Oil seeps first described from E Kalimantan in 1865, first oil production in 1899 on Tarakan Island by BPM predecessor. ) Crumeyrolle, P., I. Renaud & J. Suiter (2007)- The use of two- and three-dimensional seismic to understand sediment transfer from fluvial to deepwater via sinuous channels: example from the Mahakam shelf and comparison with outcrop data (South Central Pyrenees). In: R.J. Davies et al. (eds.) Seismic geomorphology: applications to hydrocarbon exploration and production. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 277, p. 85-103. (Pleistocene Mahakam delta lowstand delta/ fans) Curiale, J.A., J. Decker, R. Lin & R.J. Morley (2006)- Oils and oil-prone coals of the Kutei Basin, Indonesia. Abstract AAPG Int. Conf. Exh., Perth 2006, AAPG Bull. 90 Program Abstracts. (Kutei Basin Miocene and Eocene coals have oil-prone source rock potential. Nine Miocene and Eocene coals (15- 36 Ma) on Borneo compared with oils from same basin. Several coals qualify as oil-prone potential source rocks, but no single coal correlatable with any single oil) Curiale, J., R. Lin & J. Decker (2005)- Isotopic and molecular characteristics of Miocene-reservoired oil of the Kutei Basin, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 36, p. 405-424. (Thirty-two oils from Miocene sands of Kutei Basin examined. Isotopic data discriminate single megafamily of oils dominated by angiosperm debris. Separable into two sub-families: onshore and continental shelf oils (low lupanoid ratio) and continental slope oils (high lupanoid ratio). Darman, H. (1999)- Extracting flow pattern and point-bar characteristics of a modern river: a case study from the Wahau River, East Kalimantan. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 403-414. (Study of modern Wahau River deposition) Darman, H. (1999)- Tectonics and sedimentation of Tarakan basin. In: H. Darman & F.H. Sidi (eds.) Proc. 1st FOSI Regional meeting, p. Darman, H. (1999)- Carbonate slope deposit of Bengalun River, East Kalimantan. Berita Sedim. (Indon. Sediment. Forum FOSI) 10, p. (Bengalon River near NE margin Kutei Basin exposes thick Paleogene and Neogene deep marine to fluviomarine sediments. Early Miocene (zone N4) bathyal marine calcareous shales with bioclastic calciturbidites. Presence of carbonate sediments suggests nearby carbonate-producing shelf) Darman, H. (2003)- Seismic expression of shelf breaks: examples from Borneo/Kalimantan basins. Berita Sediment. (Indon. Sediment. Forum FOSI) 18, p. . (Examples of shelf breaks/clinoforms on previously published seismic examples from offshore Kutai, Tarakan, Sandakan, and NW Borneo) Darman, H. & K. Handoyo (2008)- Deltaic reservoir characteristics of Kutei and Baram giant fields. In: J.A. Katili et al. (eds.) Tectonics and resources of Central and Southeast Asia (Halbouty volume), Pusat Survei Geol., Bandung, Spec. Publ. 34, p. 109-123. (Kutei and Baram giant oil-gas fields both produce mainly from Miocene deltaic- shallow marine sandstones. These are part of progradational sequences, formed after large amounts of generally quartz-rich sediments


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began to pour from C Kalimantan into deep basins to N, W and E of Borneo in Early Miocene. Sands in Kutei basin structures generally larger, but deltaic reservoirs discontinuous. Baram coastal and shallow marine sandstones generally more continuous, but structures smaller) Darman, H., M. Lentini, A. Fauzi & N. Heriyanto (1995)- Petroleum geology of the Tarakan Basin. In: Pertamina BPPKA (ed.), Petroleum Geology of Indonesian Basins V, Tarakan Basin, Northeast Kalimantan, p. 1-36. Darman, H. & Y. Zaim (1994)- Sedimentology of coal conglomerate deposits within channel facies in Samarinda Region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bul. Geologi, ITB Bandung 24, 1-2, p. (also in Berita Sedim. (Indon. Sedimentol. Forum) 17 (2001) (Conglomerates with rounded-subrounded coal fragments in channel deposits of fluvial-deltaic Balikpapan Fm in Samarinda Region. Coal fragments may be transported wood or reworked fragments from older coal seam) Daulay B. (1994)- Tertiary coal belt in Eastern Kalimantan, Indonesia: the influence of coal quality on coal utilization. Ph.D. Thesis, Wollongong University, Australia, 326p. (Study to evaluate lateral and vertical variations in coal thickness and chemical and physical properties, with discussion of economic uses of E Kalimantan coals. Vitrinite and liptinite dominant macerals in both Eocene and Miocene coals. Inertinite is minor component, but higher in Miocene coals. Mineral content low in most coals except in some Eocene coals. Rank of Miocene coals soft brown coal to high volatile bituminous, Eocene coals subbituminous to high volatile bituminous. Miocene coals in Sangatta area altered to semi-anthracite by igneous intrusion.) Daulay, B. & H. Panggabean (2001)- Batubara sebagai sumber hidrokarbon: studi kasus cekungan Kutai dan Barito. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 11, 118, p. ('Coal as hydrocarbon source: special study of Kutei and Barito basins') Davies, A.G.S., D.R. Cooke & J.B. Gemmell & K.A. Simpson (2008)- Diatreme breccias at the Kelian gold mine, Kalimantan, Indonesia; precursors to epithermal gold mineralization. Economic Geol. 103, 4, p. 689-716. (E Miocene volcanism with maar-diatreme breccia complex preceded main-stage epithermal gold mineralization at Kelian gold mine. Prior to brecciation, andesite intrusions (19.7 Ma) emplaced into felsic volcaniclastics and overlying carbonaceous sandstones and mudstones) Davies, A.G.S., D.R. Cooke, J.B. Gemmell, T. van Leeuwen, P. Cesare & G. Hartshorn (2008)- Hydrothermal breccias and veins at the Kelian Gold Mine, Kalimantan, Indonesia: genesis of a large epithermal gold deposit. Economic Geol. 103, 4, p. 717-757. (Mineralized hydrothermal breccias and veins formed during and after waning stages of maar-diatreme-related volcanic activity at Kelian, Kalimantan) Davies, A.G.S., T.M van Leeuwen, D.R Cooke & J.B. Gemmell (2004)- The Kelian gold deposit; exploration history, critical factors and deposit summary. In: D.R. Cooke et al. (eds.) Special Publication Centre for Ore Deposit and Exploration Studies CODES, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 5, p. 65-76. De Groot, C. (1874)- Zuid-en Oosterafdeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1874, 2, p. 3-84. (Early geological description of SE Kalimantan) De Groot, C. (1878)- Borneo steenkolen en hare geschiktheid als brandstof. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 1878, 2, p. 153-213. ('Borneo coals and its suitability as fuel') De Keyser, F. & E. Rustandi (1993)- Geology of the Ketapang Sheet area, Kalimantan. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Indonesia, 1:250,000 scale map.


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De Keyser, F. & J. Noya-Sinay (1992)- History of geoscientific investigations in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 13, 3, p. 251-273. De Man, E., A. Gantyno, S. Huang, K. Petersen, E. Saferi, R. Widiarti, S. Wertanen & S. Rahardjanto (2012)CBM operational lessons learned- Barito Basin. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-E194, p. 1-20. De Matharel, M., G. Klein & T. Oki (1976)- Case history of the Bekapai Field. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 69-93. (1972Bekapai field off Mahakam Delta on NNE trending anticline. Two main phases of delta progradation, separated by ?E Pliocene? marine transgression. Hydrocarbons in delta front sands of lower delta) De Matharel, M., P. Lehman & T. Oki (1980)- Geology of the Bekapai Field. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Giant oil and gas fields of the decade 1968-1978, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 30, p. 459-470. (Bekapai Field 1972 discovery 15 km off Mahakam Delta. Large faulted anticline, multiple stacked deltaic reservoir sands between 1300-1600m) Demchuk, T.D & T.A. Moore (1993)- Palynofloral and organic characteristics of Miocene bog-forest, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 20, 2, p. 119-134. (20-m-thick Miocene Warukin Fm Sarongga lignite from SE Kalimantan distinct vertical variations in palynofloras. Three palynofloral zones of bog-forest and mangrove affinity. Palynofloras and low sulphur content suggest predominantly freshwater deposition. Plant material in Miocene lignite mainly derived from arborescent angiosperms Increasing abundances of mangrove pollen suggests encroachment of mangrove swamp toward bog-forest. Little variation in organic characteristics within seam) Denney, D. (2008)- Reviving the mature Handil Field; from integrated reservoir study to field application. J. Petrol. Techn. 60, 1, p. 63-65. (Mahakam Delta 1974 Handil field production declined from 200,000 BOPD in late 1970s to 12,500 BOPD in 2003. Infill drilling and optimization of enhanced-oil-recovery increased production to 23,000 BOPD) De Roever, W.P. (1947)- Occurrences of the mineral pumpellyite in Eastern Borneo. Bull. Bur. Mines and Geol. Surv. Indonesia 1, 1, p. 16-17. (Pumpellyite in spilites and albite diabases from E Kalimantan) De Roever, W.P. (1947)- A pseudotachylitic rock from Eastern Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, 50, 10, p. 1310-1311. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018414.pdf) (Short note on tectonic breccia in E Kalimantan in Kajan River, downstream of confluence with S. Kat. Surrounding region mainly constituted by dynamo-metamorphic slates, arkoses, and sandstones, covered by younger volcanic rocks. Rock formed by intensive movements along fault zone) De Roever, W.P. & A. Kraeff (1947)- Anorthoclase-bearing granogabbroid to granonoritic rocks from Boeloengan (Eastern Borneo). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, 50, 10, p. 1315-1316. De Sitter, L.U. (1932)- Nota betreffende de foraminiferenfauna van het Neogeen van Koetai. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 59 (1930), Verhand. 3, p. 122- 125. (Summary of Kutai basin foraminifera distribution and Neogene stratigraphy by BPM geologist) De Sitter, L.U. (1948)- Het Quartair in het kustgebied van Koetei ten N van de Mahakam rivier. Geol. Mijnbouw 9, p. 177-183 (‘The Quaternary in the coastal region of Kutai, North of the Mahakam River’. Description of Quaternary terraces and drainage pattern, influenced by peneplain uplift)


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Dharmasamadhi, I.N.W. & S.W. Reksalegora (2009)- Using pressure data to build a stratigraphic framework in the deepwater Ranggas Field, Kutai Basin- East Kalimantan. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-181, 19p. (Ranggas field 2001 oil-gas discovery mainly in Late Miocene slope channels in 1585m water depth. Pressure analysis indicates four laterally-continuous pressure sealing shales that can be used for correlation. Numerous thin shales, less than 100’ thick, have potential to seal over an extensive area) Dieckmann, W. (1922)- De ijzerertsafzettingen van het Koekoesan gebergte in Zuidoost Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verhand. 1, p. 70-86. (‘The iron ore deposits of the Kukusan Mountains in SE Borneo’. Iron ore in Soengei Doewa area forms few meter thick crust on peridotite body and probably formed by soil weathering of peridotite) Dirk, M.H.J. (1995)- Plagiogranit Pegunungan Meratus, Kalimantan Selatan.. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 5, p. 23-32. (‘Plagiogranite from the Meratus Mountains, S Kalimantan’) Dirk, M.H.J. (1997)- Batuan subvolkanik kapur akhir di Pegunungan Meratus, Kalimantan Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 7, 66, p. 11-17. ('Cretaceous sub-volcanic rocks near the Meratus Mountains, S Kalimantan') Dirk, M.H.J. (2000)- Magma genesis and paleotectonic setting of a calc-alkaline plutonic rock series from Meratus Range, South Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 10, 105, p. Dirk, M.H.J. (2002)- Petrogenesa dan lingkungan tektonik granit Lumo, Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 12, 124, p. ('Petrogenesis and tectonic environment of the Lumo granite, C Kalimantan province') Dirk, M.H.J. (2002)- Indikasi petrologi, petrogenesa dan lingkungan tektonik berdasarkan susunan geokimiagranit Palangkaraya, Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 131, p. 7- . (On the petrology, geochemistry and tectonic setting, etc., of the Palangkaraya granite, C Kalimantan province) Dirk, M.H.J. & Amiruddin (2000)- Batuan granitoid. In: U. Hartono et al. (eds.) (2000)- Evolusi magmatik Kalimantan Selatan, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 23, p. 37-51. (Review of SW Meratus Mountains granitoids) Djamas Y.S. & E. Marks (1978)- Early Neogene foraminiferal biohorizons in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: Biostratigraphic datum-planes of the Pacific Neogene IGCP Project 114, Proc. Second Working group meeting, 1977, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 111-124. Djamil, A.H. & S.O. Bany (2005)- Exploration geology of Sebuku Block, offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia. SEAPEX Conference 2005, Singapore, 21 p. (Sebuku Block on Paternoster Platform. Makassar Graben kitchen with Eocene source rocks (Lower Tanjung lacustrine shales and fluvio-deltaic shales and coals). Lacustrine shale amorphous organic material (TOC 46%, Type II oil prone kerogen) and significant fresh water algae Pediastrum and Botryococcus. Fluvio-deltaic shale TOC 0.7- 2.54 %, low HI, moderate gas potential. Coals TOC 20- 43% and HI 181-293, gas prone kerogen. Slicks from leaking gas-condensate and light oil in traps confirm Eocene source. Main reservoir Berai Lst, with gas in Makassar Straits-1 well. Carbonate deposited in basinal setting, with material from adjacent reef/ platform margin. Fractured basement oil test in Pangkat-1. Berai Fm and U Warukin Fm reefal build-ups form exploration targets as well as clastic reservoirs of Lower Tanjung Fm in Makassar graben) Djokolelono, S. & E. Agoes (1988)- Uranium occurrences in the volcanic rocks of upper Mahakam, East Kalimantan. In: Uranium deposits in Asia and the Pacific; geology and exploration, Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, p. 109-120.


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Doeglas, D.J. (1931)- Ostrakoden von N.O.-Borneo. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indië 17, p. 25-54. ('Ostracoda from NE Borneo'. 16 species incl. 14 new, of Oligocene- U Miocene ostracodes from Leupold NE Kalimantan rock collection) Doorman, J.G. (1906)- De diamantwinning in Landak. Tijdschr. Nijverheid Landbouw 73, p. 542-557. ('Diamond mining in Landak', W Kalimantan) Dory, D.M. (1997)- Evolution of structures in the NE Kalimantan Basin, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis, University of London, 40 p. Doutch, H.F. (1992)- Aspects of the structural histories of the Tertiary sedimentary basins of East, Central and West Kalimantan and their margins. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 13, 3, p. 237-250. (Hutchison (2005): Age of Plateau Sandstone in Ketangau Basin Late Eocene, possibly extending into Early Oligocene) Douville, H. (1905)- Les Foraminiferes dans le Tertiaire de Borneo. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 4, 5, p. 435464. ('The foraminifera in the Tertiary of Borneo'. M Eocene- Miocene larger forams from SE Kalimantan, collected by Buxtorf. Description of Spiroclypeus new genus and two species. No locality maps, but according to Verbeek (1908, p. 481 from Meratus Mts front between Rantau and Barabai) Durand, B., A.Y. Huc & J.L. Oudin (1987)- Oil saturation and primary migration observation in shales and coals from the Kerbau wells, Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. Revue Inst. Francais. Petrole 45, p. 173-195. Durand, B. & J.L. Oudin (1980)- Exemple de migration des hydrocarbures dans une serie deltaique: Le delta de la Mahakam, Kalimantan, Indonesie. Proc. 10th World Petr. Congr., Colchester, UK, 2, p. 3-11. ('Example of hydrocarbon migration in a deltaic series: the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan') Dutrieux, E. (1991)- Study of the ecological functioning of the Mahakam delta (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci. 32, 4, p. 415-420. (Ecological functioning of Mahakam delta controlled by balance between influx of seawater during high tides and influx of continental water. Marine populations pronounced upstream to downstream zonation. Intermediate zones poor; richest near river mouth. Controlled mainly by physical factors, such as salinity) Duval, B.C., C. Cassaigneau, G. Choppin de Janvry, B. Loiret & L.M. Alibi (1998)- Technology and exploration efficiency in the Mahakam delta province, Indonesia, Proc. 15th World Petrol. Congr., Beijing 1997, 2, p. 187-200. Duval, B.C., G. Choppin de Janvry & B. Loiret (1992)- Detailed geoscience reinterpretation of Indonesia's Mahakam Delta scores. Oil and Gas J., August 10, 1992, p. 67-72. Duval, B.C., G. Choppin de Janvry & B. Loiret (1992)- The Mahakam delta province: an ever changing picture and a bright future. Proc. 24th Ann. Offshore Techn. Conf., Houston, OTC 6855, p. 393-404. Duval, B.C. C. Cassaigneau, G. Choppin de Janvry, B. Loiret, M. Leo, Alibi & Y. Grosjean (1998)- Impact of the petroleum system approach to exploration and appraisal efficiency in the Mahakam Delta. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 277-290. (New petroleum system model to identify stratigraphic targets near identified kitchens. Peciko recognized as new giant gas- condensate field. Understanding trapping model and hydrodynamic component key factor. Sedimentological studies with pressure measurements greatly contributed to field model. Thin sand reservoirs more continuous than expected. Peciko model applied to Tunu field lead to spectacular reserve additions) Edwards, T. (2000)- Redevelopment of the Sembakung Oilfield- NE Kalimantan. SEAPEX Press 5, 6, p. 30-38.


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(Tarakan basin oil field) Ellen, H., M.M. Husni, U. Sukanta, R. Abimanyu, Feriyanto & T. Herdiyan (2008)-Middle Miocene Meliat Formation in the Tarakan Island, regional implications for deep exploration opportunity. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA08-G-048, 20 p. (Most hydrocarbon exploration in Tarakan Basin focused on shallow Upper Miocene-Pliocene deltaics of Tarakan and Santul Fms. In Bangkudulis and Sembakung Fields hydrocarbons in M Miocene Meliat Fm fluvial-deltaic clastics, 630m thick in Barat 1, and likely associated with sand-bearing slope fan facies overlying early lowstand basin floor fan E of island. Base Meliat Fm blocky sand above 16.5 Ma SB, tied to uplift event. Top is transgressive limestone (Kapal Lst )) Endharto, M.A.C. (1997)- Reservoir characteristic of sandstones in Kutai Basin and its tectonic setting of East Kalimantan. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bull. 21, p. 127-149. (Three sandstone types in Miocene- Recent of Sanga-Sanga PSC in Kutai Basin: (1) E Miocene moderate quartz and lithics; (2) late E Miocene- early M Miocene (lateN7- early N10) volcanogenic, reflecting increase in volcanic activity in W Kalimantan 17- 14.5 Ma; (3) M and Late Miocene (mid N10- N18) high-quartz main reservoirs, reflecting sediment recycling after basin inversion event at 14.5 Ma) Endharto, M. & A. Bachtiar (1993)- Tipe provenansi dan proses diagenesa batupasir Miosen Awal, Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung. 2, p. 1044-1060. ('Provenance type and diagenetic processes of Lower Miocene sandstone, Kutei Basin, E Kalimantan') Escher, B.G. (1920)- Gesteenten van de Kelei (Berouw, Oost-Borneo). Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie 80, 1, p. 29-36. (‘Rocks from the Kelei River, Berau Region, E Kalimantan’. Pebbles collected by Beucker Andreae in 1918. Some Oligo-Miocene foram limestones from this collection described by Rutten 1926. Includes quartz sst, slate, quartz-tourmaline rock, porphyrite, granite, breccias, radiolarian chert. Not overly useful) Esenwein, P. (1932)- Petrologische beschouwingen omtrent de korund-diaspoorrots rolsteenen (leboer steenen) uit de diamantstreken van West en Zuidoost Borneo. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 22, p. 1-29. ('Petrologic observations on the korund- diaspore rock pebbles ('Lebur rocks') from the diamond areas of W and SE Kalimantan') Everwijn, R. (1854)- Voorlopig onderzoek naar kolen in de landschappen Salimbauw, Djongkong en Boenoet in de Res. Westerafdeeling van Borneo. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 7, p. 379-387. ('Preliminary investigation of coal in the areas of Salimbau, Jongkong and Bunut, W Kalimantan'. First of series of short reports on mineral exploration work by privately funded explorer Everwijn) Everwijn, R. (1855)- Onderzoek naar tinerts in de landschappen Soekadana, Simpang and Matam, en naar antimoniumerts op de Karimata-eilanden. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 9, p. 58-64 ('Investigation of tin ore in the areas of Sukadana, Simpang and Matam and of antimony ore on the Karimata islands') Everwijn, R. (1858)- Wester Afdeeling van Borneo. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 17, p. 284-316 ('Western Division of Kalimantan') Everwijn, R. (1862)- Verslag van de onderzoekingen naar kopererts in het gebied van Mandor, Westerafdeeling van Borneo. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 24, p. 403-428. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen NOI 1878, 2, p. 117143) ('Report on investigations of copper ore in the area of Mandor, W Kalimantan') Everwijn, R. (1873)- De groote diamant, of 'Danau Radja' van Matam, Westerafdeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1873, 1, p. 197-203.


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('The big diamond named ‘Danau Raja’ from Matam, W Kalimantan') Everwijn, R. (1879)- Overzicht van de mijnbouwkundige onderzoekingen in de Westerafdeeling van Borneo verricht. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1879, 1, p. 3-116. ('Overview of mining investigations in W Kalimantan'. Summary of previous papers by mining-engineer Everwijn) Febriadi, E. (2010)- PT Arutmin discovery of South Kalimantan coal. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. MGEI-IAGI Seminar Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, Balikpapan 2010, p. 27-48. (Description of coal exploration by PT Arutmin and geology of Eocene and M-L Miocene of Asem Asem and Pulau Laut sub-basins. Company started as affiliate of ARCO/ Utah in 1981, sold to BHP in 1987. Senakin coal mine exploited since 1988. Aparently mainly based on unpublished report of Friederich (1985)) Fehn, H. (1930)- Die Insel Borneo (Bausteine zu einer Landeskunde). Mitteil. Geogr. Ges. München 23, 2, 80p. (‘The island of Borneo- building stones for geography’) Fehn, H. (1933)- Die Oberflachenformen der Insel Borneo. Ein Uberblick. Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Munchen 26, 1, p. 1-53. (‘The surface features of the island of Borneo- an overview’. Old geomorphologic description of Borneo) Felix, J. (1921)- Fossile Anthozoen von Borneo. Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 9, 15, p. 161. (‘Fossil corals from Borneo’. Miocene corals from Kutai Basin outcrops, collected by BPM geologists) Ferguson, A. & K. McClay (1997)- Structural modelling within the Sanga Sanga PSC, Kutei Basin, Kalimantan: its implication to paleochannel orientation studies and timing of hydrocarbon entrapment. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 727-743. (Sanga Sanga PSC four large fields in M and U Miocene deltaic sandstones in NNE-trending structures of Mahakam fold belt. Gravity glide and strike-slip models do not simulate observed structures; thrusting, inverted extensional faults and differential load models only partially simulate structures. Preferred combined tectonic model for Mahakam fold belt is inversion of delta growth faults to form inverted graben structures, termed inverted delta growth fault model. Change from overall extension to contraction started at 14.0 Ma. Structures trending NNE are close to perpendicular to applied stress and become inverted) Ferguson, K.J. (1986)- The Kelian gold prospect, Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: Proc. Int. Volcanological Congress, Symposium 5: Volcanism, hydrothermal systems & related mineralisation, p. 41-46. Feriansyah, L.T., J.L.C. Chambers, S.H. Dewantohadi, M. Syaiful, Priantono & D.N. Imanhardjo (1999)Structural and stratigraphic framework of the Palaeogene in the northern Kutei Basin East Kalimantan. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petr. Assoc. p. 443-455. (Kutei basin 4 phases: 1) M-L Eocene extension; 2) L Eocene- Oligocene sag; 3) L Oligocene- E Miocene renewed extension/ subsidence; 4) E Miocene- Recent delta progradation coincident with older depocentres inversion; axis of deformation moves progressively E with time. Rapid facies variations in small extensional depocentres (~20 km wide, up to 70 km long). Intrabasinal highs with thin clastics or limestones. More regional depocentre in post-rift phase, beginning end-Late Eocene. Inversion process created two deformation styles: 1) inversion anticlines in Paleogene; 2) detached tight anticlines in thick Neogene. Detached section same amount of shortening (10-15%) as deeper inverted section) Friederich, M.C., T.A. Moore, M.S.W. Lin & R.P. Langford (1995)- Constraints on coal formation in Southeast Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 6th New Zealand Coal Conf., Wellington, 1, p. 137-149. (SE Kalimantan Eocene coal significantly different from Miocene coal. Eocene coals thinner, laterally continuous, formed from palm/fern vegetation in transgressive setting from near-coastal peats, which formed as water table rose and were terminated as sea transgressed peat. Miocene coals formed in freshwater sequence,


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locally thick, sudden lateral thickness changes and very low ash and sulphur. Miocene coal component of decay-resistant woody vegetation, Eocene palm/fern coal more susceptible to decay. Miocene coal beds formed as domed peats, which contributed to erratic thickness changes and locally thick coal) Frijling, H., Loth, J.E. & J.W.H. Adam (1920)- Bijdrage tot de geologie van het Landschap Kotawaringin en de afdeeling Ketapang resp. geleegen in de Residenties Zuider- en Ooster en Westerafdeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 47 (1918), Verh. 1, p. 210-223. (‘Contributions to the geology of the Kotawarin and Ketapang districts, etc.’, SW corner of Kalimantan. Mainly granites, overlain by folded ?Mesozoic and rel. Undeformed Tertiary sediments. Intruded and overlain by younger porphyrites and andesites. With 1:1 million geological sketch map) Fukasawa, H., R. Sunaryo, & R.H. Napitupulu (1987)- Hydrocarbon generation and migration in the Sangatta area, Kutei Basin. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 11, p. 123-139. (Sangatta field 1939 BPM discovery N of Mahakam delta. Oils tied to M Miocene Balikpapan Fm shales) Fuller, M., J.R. Ali, S.J. Moss, G.M. Frost, B. Richter & A. Mahfi (1999)- Paleomagnetism of Borneo. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 3-24. (Paleomagnetism study supporting counterclockwise rotation of Borneo since Cretaceous. Mesozoic rocks older than 80 Ma in Kalimantan- Sarawak almost 90° CCW rotation. NW Borneo Late Cretaceous-Eocene Silantek Fm 41° of CCW rotation, Oligo-Miocene rocks generally weak CCW rotations. Bulk of paleomagnetic data suggests up to ~50° counterclockwise rotation of Borneo between 25-10 Ma) Fuller, M., R. Haston, J. Lin, B. Richter, E. Schmidtke & J. Almasco (1991)- Tertiary paleomagnetism of regions around the South China Sea. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 161-184. (Tertiary CCW rotation in Sarawak, and Sabah. Conflicting results from Kalimantan, some show no rotation with respect to Eurasia, others give CCW rotations) Furlan, S., N. Clauer, S. Chaudhuri & F. Sommer (1996)- K transfer during burial diagenesis in the Mahakam Delta basin (Kalimantan, Indonesia). Clays & Clay Min. 44, 2, p. 157-169. (In Mahakam delta basin Potassium necessary for illitization of illite/smectite mixed-layer minerals mainly from K-feldspar alteration in sandstones and from mica in shales. Most of K-feldspar alteration outside main zone of illitization, which is restricted to upper 2000 m. Feldspar grains were altered below this depth, so illitization requires open sedimentary system) Furlan, S., N. Clauer, F. Sommer & S. Chaudhuri (1995)- Geochemistry of formation waters and hydrodynamic evolution of a young and restricted sedimentary basin (Mahakam Delta Basin, Indonesia). Basin Res. 7, 1, p. 920. Gaol, K.L., H. Permana, A. Kadarusman, N.D. Hananto, D.D. Wardana & Y. Sudrajat (2005)- Model gayaberat pegunungan Bobaris- Meratus, Kalimantan Selatan, dan implikasi tektoniknya. Jurnal Geofisika 2005, 2, p. 2-9. (‘Gravity model of Bobaris- Meratus Mountains and tectonic implications’. Bobaris-Meratus mountains with ultramafic rocks flower structure ?) Gangui, A., T. Rosaz, B. Lambert & D. Roy (2000)- Tectonic evolution of the South Mahakam area and its petroleum implications. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib. Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1428. (Abstract only) (SE part of offshore Mahakam PSC influenced by extension, with E Eocene- early Late Miocene development of NW-SE (transtensional?) normal faults (Maruat, Sesumpu, Sepinggan faults), separating Kutei basin from Paternoster Platform. Associated E-W faults probably related to strike-slip component. Metulang Field is in M Miocene tilted (growth-) fault block. Late Miocene-Pliocene compression (N150-170) caused dextral strike-slip reactivation of main normal faults, causing fault block reactivation (Mandu structure) and "en-echelon" folds (Jumelai Field). Most hydrocarbon accumulations are along major fault migration pathways) Gany, M.U.A., D. Suyadi & Widodo (1994)- Pengaruh karbonisasi terhadap kualitas batubara, KotabangunKalimantan Timur. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 1153-1159.


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('Influence of carbonization on coal quality, Kotabagun, E Kalimantan') Garrigues, P., M.L. Angelin, R. De Sury, J.L. Oudin, M. Ewald (1985)- Etude la distribution des monomethylphenanthrenes dans une serie de roches meres du delta de Mahakam (Indonesie). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. 2, 300, 15, p.747-750. (Study of distribution of a chemical compound in a series of source rocks in Mahakam Delta) Garrigues, P., R. De Sury, M.L. Angelin, J. Bellocq, J.L. Oudin & M. Ewald (1988)- Relation of the methyled hydrocarbon distribution patterns to the maturity of organic matter in ancient sediments from Mahakam Delta. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 2, p. 375-384. Garrigues, P., A. Saptorahardjo, C. Gonzalez, P. Wehrung, P. Albrecht, A. Saliot & M. Ewald (1986)Biogeochemical markers in the sediments from Mahakam Delta. Organic Geochem. 10, p. 959-964. Gascuel, L. (1901)- Les gisements diamantiferes de la region sud-east de l'ile de Borneo. Annales des Mines, Mem. 20, p. 2-23. ('The diamond-bearing formations of the SE Borneo region') Gastaldo, R.A., G.P. Allen & A.Y. Huc (1993)- Detrital peat formation in the tropical Mahakam River delta, Kalimantan, eastern Borneo: sedimentation, plant composition, and geochemistry. In: J.A. Cobb & C.B. Cecil (eds.) Modern and ancient coal-forming environments, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 286, p. 107-118. Gastaldo, R.A., G.P. Allen & A. Huc (1995)- The tidal character of fluvial sediments of the modern Mahakam River delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: B.W. Flemming & A. Bartholoma (eds.) Tidal signatures in modern and ancient sediments, Int. Assoc. Sedim. Spec. Publ. 24, Blackwell, Oxford, p. 171-181. (Brief sedimentological description of low wave-energy, mixed tide- and fluvially controlled Mahakam delta complex. Medium- to fine-grained terrestrial sediment originates from 75 000 km2 drainage area. Two active distributary systems, with interdistributary area of tidal channels and former fluvial distributary channels which today are no longer connected to fluvial regime) Gastaldo, R.A. & A.Y. Huc (1992)- Sediment facies, depositional environments, and distribution of phytoclasts in the recent Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Palaios 7, 6, p. 574-590. (Overview of distribution of sediments, vegetation and plant detritus in modern Mahakam delta) Gautama, A.B. (1989)- Abnormal pressure behaviour with special emphasis on transition zone, Handil Field, East Kalimantan. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 135-160. Geiger, M., T. Leach & D. Prasetyo (2010)- Porphyry copper gold systems in Central Kalimantan. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, MGEI-IAGI Seminar, Balikpapan 2010, p. 73-89. (Oligocene and Miocene volcanic arc(s) across Kalimantan hosts several epithermal gold deposits, postulated to be near-surface manifestations of porphyry copper systems. Deeper exploration identified 30 copper-gold prospects) Geinitz, H.B. (1883)- Uber Kreide-Petrefakten von West-Borneo. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 35, p. 205. ('On Cretaceous fossils from W Kalimantan'. First record of Mesozoic rocks in Kalimantan: limestones with mid-Cretaceous orbitolinid larger foraminifera, collected by Van Schelle) Gerard, J. & H. Oesterle (1973)- Facies study of the offshore Mahakam area. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 187-194. (Mahakan Delta prograded East since M Miocene and reached maximum extent in Late Miocene- Early Pliocene. Delta was bordered to South and North by carbonate sediments and limited to open sea by barrier reefs. Descriptions of deltaic subfacies and associated fauna)


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Gerth, H. (1923)- Die Anthozoenfauna des Jungtertiars von Borneo. Sammlung. Geol, Reichsmuseums Leiden, ser. 1, 10, p. 37-136. ('The coral fauna of the Late Tertiary of Borneo'. Descriptions of ~120 species of Miocene- Pliocene coral from 52 localities in E Kalimantan and Sabah, from museum collections in Leiden, Utrecht, Basel, etc.) Geyler, H.Th. (1877)- Ueber fossile Pflanzen von Borneo. Palaeontographica Suppl. III, p. 61-84. (‘On fossil plants from Borneo’. 13 new species of moderately well preserved Eocene flora collected by Verbeek from claystones associated with coal-bearing Tanjung Fm near Pengaron, SE Kalimantan. Eocene floras comparable to present-day tropical vegetation) Geyler, H.Th. (1879)- Die Eocanformation von Borneo und ihre Versteinerungen. III. Ueber fossile Pflanzen von Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 8 (1879), 2, p. 3-54. (‘On fossil plants from the Eocene of Borneo’. Mainly on material collected by Verbeek from Tanjung Fm near Pengaron. Same as Palaeontographica paper above) Gisolf, W.F. (1924)- Bijdrage tot de kennis van de waarschijnlijke genese der ijzerertsen van het Koekoesan gebergte (Zuid- en Oost-Afdeeling van Borneo). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 50 (1921), Verh. 1, p. 296-303. (‘Contribution to the knowledge of the likely genesis of iron ores of the Kukasan Mountains, SE Kalimantan’. Layer of iron ores above hartzburgite-serpentinite body probably initially concentration of magnetite/ hematite in final stage of magmatic cooling processes, then further concentrated during surface weathering) Gisolf, W.F. (1928)- On the origin of some iron ores and serpentinite in the Dutch East Indies. Proc. 3rd Pan Pacific Sci. Congr. Tokyo 1926, 2, p. 1729-1732. (In tropical climates serpentine not formed by weathering of olivine, because olivine preferentially weathers to limonite. Primary serpentine is present in peridotite. Serpentine may form from high pressure with access to water. Formation of serpentine and chlorite in SE Kalimantan peridotites caused by auto-metamorphism) Gollner, E.R.D. (1924)- Verslag over de uitkomsten van mijnbouwkundig- geologische onderzoekingen op Poeloe Laoet. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 50 (1921), Verhand, 1, p. 4-55. (Geological survey of Laut Island, SE Kalimantan, with focus on Eocene coal occurrences. Coal mined by NEI government on Pulau Laut since 1914. Two main coal horizons in ~160m basal quartz sandstone member, each 2-3m thick. Overlying Late Eocene marl member ~85m thick. Upper Eocene limestones common in other parts of SE Kalimantan, but missing on Pulau Laut. With 1:50,000 scale geologic map of N part of island) Graham, I., L. Spencer, L.M. Barron & G. Yaxley (2006)- Nature and possible origin of the Cempaka diamond deposit, Southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia. IAGOD Meeting, Moscow 6. p. Granier B., J.M. Villain & R. Boichard (1997)- Biohermes holocenes a Halimeda au large du delta de la Mahakam, Kalimantan (Indonesie)- Le concept de "section condensee dilatee". In: Carbonates intertropicaux, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, n.s., 169, p. 225-230. ('Holocene Halimeda bioherms in front of the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan- The concept of dilated condensed section') Grosjean, Y., G.C. De Janvry & B.C. Duval (1994)- Discovery of a giant in a mature deltaic province: Peciko, Indonesia. Proc. 14th World Petrol. Congr., Stavanger, 2, p. 157-160. Grundy, R. J., D. W. Paterson & F. H. Sidi (1996)- Uplift measurements in Tertiary sediments of the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, as it relates to VICO Indonesia’s PSC and the surrounding area. Int. Geoph. Conf., Soc. Expl. Geoph, Jakarta 1996, Expanded abstracts, p. 81-85. Gunawan, R. & C.B.C. Valk (1972)- Notes on the geology of aluminous laterites of West Kalimantan. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Mining 4, 1, p. 29-36.


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(Large 300 km long and 50-100 km wide, NNW-SSE trending bauxite belt in W Kalimantan, formed on uplifted and dissected peneplain. Previously Bintan island, SE Sumatra, was main bauxite occurrence in Indonesia) Gunther, B. (2010)- The geology, alteration and mineralization at the Jelai gold prospect, East Kalimantan. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. MGEI-IAGI Seminar Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, Balikpapan 2010, p. 91-106. (Jelai prospect in NE Kalimantan 45 km W of Tarakan. Low sulphidation epithermal quartz veins associated with andesitic volcanics, dacites and intrusives. Oldest granitoids in region Late Cretaceous. Mineralizatons and volcanics in area dated as 22, 16 and 7-9.4 Ma) Gunther, B. (2010)- The exploration history, geology and exploitation of the Buduk Gold Mine, West Kalimantan: an example of a small gold mine operation in Kalimantan. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. MGEI-IAGI Seminar Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, Balikpapan 2010, p. 129-144. (Buduk area of NW Kalimantan, ~100km N of Pontianak, has been alluvial gold mining area since Chinese operations started in 1771 and Dutch-operated Sambas Gold Mines between 1936-1940. Several areas of gold mineralization. Mine within area of sub-horizontal sediments with minor volcanics of Bengkayang Group, intruded by Miocene Sintang Intrusive suite, associated with skarn-type gold mineralization) Guritno, E.E. & J. Chambers (1999)- North Runtu PSC: the first proven Eocene petroleum play in the Kutai Basin. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.1, p. 1-20. (Paleogene hydrocarbon system proven recently in onshore NE Kutai basin PSC, but uneconomic so far. Prospective areas exist in parts of Paleogene play fairway that have not suffered extensive uplift. System appears limited by reservoir quality in Eocene syn-rift section) Gwinn, J.W., H.M. Helmig & L. Witoelar Kartaadipoetra (1974)- Geology of the Badak field, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 311-331. (Badak large 1972 gas-oil discovery N of Mahakam Delta. Broad anticline with multiple stacked Late MiocenePliocene deltaic sandstones between 4500’- 11,000’. Estimated EUR 6 TCF gas, 50 MBO) Haile, N.S. (ed.) (1955)- Geological accounts of West Borneo- translated from the Dutch. Geol. Survey Dept. British Territories in Borneo., Bull. 2, p. 1-285. (Translations of papers on geology of W Kalimantan and adjacent areas of Sarawak by Dutch geologists (Krekeler, Krol, Ter Bruggen, Zeylmans van Emmichoven and Ubaghs), originally published in 1925-1939) Haile, N.S. (1973)- West Borneo microplate younger than supposed? Nature 242, p. 28-29. Haile, N.S. (1974)- Borneo. In: A.W. Spencer (ed.) Mesozoic-Cainozoic orogenic belts; data for orogenic studies. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 333-347. (Late Mesozoic- Tertiary orogeny affected N part of Borneo, over 900 km from Makassar Straits to S China Sea. Four zones recognized, in direction of increasing age of main periods of mobility from N to S: Miri (youngest deformation), Sibu (greatest mobility; thick deformed Late Cretaceous-Eocene flysch), Kuching (deformed Mesozoic marine sediments) and W Borneo Paleozoic metamorphic basement with Late PaleozoicMesozoic sediments) Haile, N.S. (1979)- Rotation of Borneo microplate completed by Miocene: palaeomagnetic evidence. Warta Geologi (Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsletter) 5, 2, p. 19-22. Haile, N.S., M.W. McElhinny & I. McDougall (1977)- Palaeomagnetic data and radiometric ages from the Cretaceous of West Kalimantan (Borneo), and their significance in interpreting regional structure. J. Geol. Soc. London 133, 2, p. 133-144. (W Kalimantan complex history of magmatism and cooling from M Jurassic- Late Cretaceous. Well-defined granitic magmatic event in Schwaner zone at ~79-86 Ma, also recognized in Sarawak, S China Sea islands, Malay Peninsula, S Sumatra, and Java Sea. Palaeomagnetism of Late Cretaceous samples yield mean palaeomagnetic pole at 21°E, 41°N, and 0° palaeolatitude for West Kalimantan. Paleomagnetic pole not


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significantly different from Cretaceous pole estimated for Malay Peninsula. Since M Cretaceous W Kalimantan and Malay Peninsula behaved as one unit, have remained in present latitude, but rotated anticlockwise ~50°) Haile, N.S. & E. Urquhart (1995)- Dating Mesozoic mélange and other problematic formations in Southeast Asia. In: In: Proc. Int. Symposium Geology of SE Asia and adjacent areas, J. Geology, Geol. Survey Vietnam, Hanoi, 5-6, p. 308-309. (Abstract only) (Mesozoic melange in Borneo in discontinuous belt from NW tip to E coast (= Danau Fm of Molengraaff; HvG). Over part of length it forms S limit of U Cretaceous- U Eocene flysch/ accretionary prism of N Borneo. Fossils in blocks in melange include Lw Cretaceous radiolaria in cherts, U Cretaceous forams in sediment blocks and rare Eocene nannofossils in matrix. Overlying undisrupted Plateau Gp U Eocene forams and pollen) Hall, R. & G.J. Nichols (2002)- Cenozoic sedimentation and tectonics in Borneo: climatic influences on orogenesis. In: S.J. Jones & L. Frostick (eds.) Sediment flux to basins: causes, controls and consequences. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 191, p. 5-22. (Sediment volume in basins around Borneo indicates >6 km removed by Neogene erosion. Implied tectonic uplift not reflected in high mountains on island. High weathering and erosion rates in tropical climate likely factor governing formation of relief. Rapid removal of material by erosion prevented tectonic denudation by faulting: around Borneo there was no lithospheric flexure due to thrust loading and no true foreland basins developed. Sediment deposited adjacent to orogenic belt in older, deep oceanic basins. Sediment yield of Borneo mountains comparable to Alps or Himalayas) Hall, R., M.W.A. van Hattum & W. Spakman (2008)- Impact of India-Asia collision on SE Asia: the record in Borneo. Tectonophysics 451, p. 366-389. (History of Borneo not consistent with island forming part of large block extruded from Asia. Clockwise rotations predicted by indentor model for Borneo incompatible with palaeomagnetic evidence.Great thicknesses of Cenozoic sediments in Borneo and circum-Borneo basins derived from local sources and not from distant sources in Asia. Cenozoic geological history of Borneo records subduction of proto-S China Sea and Miocene collision after this ocean lithosphere was eliminated, and effects from long-term subduction beneath SE Asia) Handoyo, K. (2003)- Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir heterogeneity of the Serang Field, Kutei Basin, Indonesia. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 175 p, (Late Miocene sandstone reservoirs of Serang Field, off Mahakam Delta, with 10 facies associations. Sequence stratigraphic analysis showed three intermediate-term cycles, divided into short-term cycles. Overall landwardstepping, representing long-term base-level rise. Main reservoirs incised valley fills. Sediment sourced from paleo-Mahakam Delta. Younger stratigraphic cycles greater reservoir heterogeneity. Because of seawardincreasing mud content and bioturbation, rank of sediment bodies that act as reservoir in decreasing order: (1) fluvial/distributary channels, (2) distributary channels and (3) delta front bars) Harahap, B.H. (1990)- Magmatism in West Kalimantan. J. Indon Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 13, 1 (GEOSEA VII), p. 63-90. Harahap, B.H. (1993)- Geochemical investigation of Tertiary magmatic rocks from central West Kalimantan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1993, 1, p. 304-326. (Tertiary magmatic rocks in W Kalimantan mainly dacites, some rhyolites, basalts, andesites. Basalts in N province different source from S province. Volcanics in S intrude Cretaceous granodiorites, are most siliceous. Chemistry typical island arc, may be related to SE subduction under Sarawak accretionary prism) Harahap, B.H. (1994)- Petrology of the Cretaceous subvolcanic and volcanic rocks from Singkawang area, West Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 4, 35, p. 15-24. Harahap, B.H. (1994)- Petrology and geochemistry of Mount Niut Volcano, West Kalimantan. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 17, p. 1-12.


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Harahap, B.H. (1995)- The Boyan melange of West Kalimantan origin and tectonic development. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 18, p. 1-21. (Boyan melange E-W trending belt in W Kalimantan, composed of km-size blocks of clastics, limestone (with Cenomanian Orbitolina), radiolarian chert, greenschist, large blocks (6 x 40 km) of sheared serpentinite, also granite (one 320 Ma K/Ar age), basalt, etc., in sheared chloritized dark 'scaly' shale. Common boudinage structures. Bounded to N and S by Selangkai Fm Turonian turbidites, with gradational contacts. Overall dips of beds/ cleavage to South. Interpreted as Late Cretaceous S-dipping subduction complex. Intruded by Miocene 'Sintang' dacitic rocks, one dated at 16.4 Ma) Harahap, B.H. (1995)- Petrography and mineral chemistry of the Tertiary subducted related mafic subvolcanic rocks from West Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 5, 47, p. 2-15. Harahap, B.H. (1996)- Petrological characteristic of the Upper Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene volcanism in Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 6, 62, p. 21-31. Harahap, B.H. (1996)- Petrography and mineral chemistry of the Tertiary silicic subvolcanic rocks of the Sundaland of West Kalimantan. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 19, p. 75-95. (95% of subvolcanic rocks of W Kalimantan are silica-rich dacites and rhyolites) Harahap, D. (1975)- Notes on log evaluation in the Badak Field, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 2, 2, p. 39-44. (Badak Field reservoir rocks are sands deposited in deltaic environment. Shaliness common in pay sands and resistivity of formation waters varies from bed to bed) Hardjadinata, K. (1995)- Studi ofiolit Pegunungan Meratus- Bobaris, Kalimantan tengara. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC), 5, 40, p. 10-18. (‘Study of ophiolite of the Meratus- Bobaris Mountains, SE Kalimantan’) Hardy, M.J. (2000)- Origin, distribution, and degradation of sedimentary organic matter in a modern tropical deltaic system (Mahakam Delta, Borneo, Indonesia). Ph.D. Thesis Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, 368 p. Hardy, M.J. & J.H. Wrenn (2009)- Palynomorph distribution in modern tropical deltaic and shelf sedimentsMahakam Delta, Borneo, Indonesia. Palynology 34, p. 19-42. (Distribution of terrestrial palynomorphs in Mahakam Delta surface sediments from 12 depositional environments from head of delta to shelf edge can be explained by transport and depositional processes. Amounts of marine palynomorphs (foram linings, copepod eggs, dinocysts) increases gradually offshore) Harting. A. (1925)- Bijdrage tot de geologie van Beraoe. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. VIII (Verbeek volume), p. 205-212. (‘Contribution to the geology of Berau’, S Tarakan Basin, E Kalimantan. Pre-Tertiary steeply-dippin, mainly EW trending low metamorphic rocks with reddish radiolarian cherts and granites. Overlain by Paleogene nummiltes bearing clastics and carbonates, Oligo-Miocene Lepidocyclina limestones, overlain by Globigerina marls then coal-rich beds, unconformably overlain by Plio-Pleistocene Sadjau and Bunyu beds) Harting. A. (1930)- Enkele geologische waarnemingen langs de S. Kajan. De Mijningenieur 11, p. 176-179. (Some geologic observations along the Kajan River'. On the direction of Pre-Tertiary at Brem-Brem falls near Bulungan and uncormably overlying, horizontal Eocene limestone) Hartmann, M.A. (1937)- Der Batoe Mesangat in Nord-Koetai, eine imposante Vulkanruine in Borneo. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 97, 8, p. 214-225. (‘The Batu Mesangat in N Kutai, an imposing volcano ruin in Borneo’. With notes on pre-Tertiary geology) Hartono, H.M.S. (1984)- Tectonic development of Kalimantan and adjacent areas. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 9, p. 1-13.


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(Kalimantan tectonic history: Permian- Carboniferous volcanic arc, with subduction from N/ NE. Late Triassic collision, a continuation of Burmese- W Malayan microcontinent collision with Indochina. Late Cretaceous melange in E Kalimantan and volcanics in SW Kalimantan are part of arc system extending SW towards JavaSumatra. Tertiary subduction/ accretion from N/NW) Hartono, H.M.S. (1985)- Summary of tectonic development of Kalimantan and adjacent area. In: Proc. Second EAPI/CCOP Workshop, Energy 10, p. 341-352. (Review of tectonic development of Kalimantan. Pre-Late Triassic rocks present, but history not clear. Carboniferous-Permian arc postulated. Kalimantan cratonized and stabilized by collision tectonics in Late Triassic, correlating with Indo-Sinian orogeny in peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary arc development with granitic plutons in SW Kalimantan. Post-Late Triassic deposition either platform cover or active marginal accretion) Hartono, U. (2000)- The origin of Tertiary basaltic and low-Y andesitic volcanic rocks from the Meratus range, South Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. (Bandung), 10, 103, p. Hartono, U. (2000)- Batuan kerak samudera. In: U. Hartono, R. Sukamto et al. (eds.) (2000)- Evolusi magmatik Kalimantan Selatan, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 23, p. 25-36. ('Oceanic crust rocks'. Review of SW Meratus Mountains ophiolites) Hartono, U. (2003)- A geochemical study on the Plio-Pleistocene magmas from Kalimantan; their influence to the Tertiary mineralization system in Kalimantan. Majalah Geol. Indonesia 18, 2, p. 168-174. (Plio-Pleistocene volcanics common along Kalimantan- Sarawak border. Matulang Fm basalts and basaltic andesites previously called intraplate magmatism. Geochemistry suggest mixing of deep mantle source and arc magma. Probably produced during extensional tectonism after Late Miocene collision of Miri-Luconia microcontinent with Kalimantan-Sundaland) Hartono, U. (2006)- Petrogenesis of the Sintang Intrusives and its implication for mineralization in Northwest. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC, Bandung), 16, 4, p. Hartono, U. et al. (1997)- Tertiary basalts and microgabbros from Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan: a primitive magma in island arcs. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 7, 71, p. 2-8. Hartono, U., M.H.J. Dirk, P. Sanyoto & S. Permanadewi (1999)- Geochemistry and K/Ar results of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic plutonic and volcanic rocks from the Meratus Range, South Kalimantan. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA '98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 49-61. (Three main perids of magmatic acticity in Meratus Mts: Lw Cretaceous (131-103 Ma; Barremian-Albian) subduction-related granitoids, U Cretaceous (82-66 Ma; Campanian- Maastrichtian) Haruyan Fm submarine island arc volcanics and granitoids. Tertiary (62-19.5 Ma) andesitic-basaltic volcanics and granitoids limited distribution (on Palau Laut along strike-slip faults). Microdiorite at G. Kukusan K-Ar age 19.6 Ma. Parts of U Cretaceous- Tertiary andesites high-MgO, probably formed by reaction between ascending melts and mantle peridotite) Hartono, U. & D. Djumhana (2000)- Batuan malihan. In: U. Hartono, R. Sukamto et al. (eds.) (2000)- Evolusi magmatik Kalimantan Selatan, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 23, p. 75-84. (Review of mid-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of SW Meratus Mountains, SE Kalimantan) Hartono, U. & S. Permanadewi (2000)- Batuan volkanik. In: U. Hartono, R. Sukamto et al. (eds.) (2000)Evolusi magmatik Kalimantan Selatan, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 23, p. 53-74. (Review of volcanic rocks, Meratus Mts, SE Kalimantan) Hartono, U., S. Permanadewi & M.H.J. Dirk (1997)- Petrology and geochemistry of the Tertiary volcanic and subvolcanic rocks, South Kalimantan. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), p. 419-427.


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Hartono, U. & I. Saefudin (2000)- Evolusi magmatik. In: U. Hartono, R. Sukamto et al. (eds.) (2000)- Evolusi magmatik Kalimantan Selatan, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 23, p. 119-135. (Review of magmatic evolution Meratus Mts, SE Kalimantan) Hartono, U., P. Sanyoto, H.Z. Abidin, S. Permanadewi, W. Sunata, M.H.J. Dirk & I. Saefudun (1997)Geochemical characteristics of the Cretaceous and Tertiary volcanics, South Kalimantan: implications for the tectono magnetic evolution. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 7, 66, p. 2-10. Hartono, U., R. Sukamto, Surono & H. Panggabean (eds.) (2000)- Evolusi magmatik Kalimantan Selatan. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 23, 140 p. (‘The magmatic evolution of South Kalimantan’. Collection of papers) Hartono, U. & Suyono (2006)- Identification of adakite from Sintang Intrusive in West Kalimantan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC, Bandung), 16, 3, p. 173-178. (U Oligocene Sintang high- level intrusives widely exposed in W Kalimantan, consisting of microdiorite, granite/ microgranite, quartz diorite, dacite, andesite and minor rhyolite and rhyodacite. Published geochemical data suggest rocks are of adakitic type. Probably originated from melting of subducted S China Sea oceanic crust beneath Kalimantan. Subduction started in Late Oligocene when crust was still young) Hashimoto, W. (1974)- Supplementary notes to 'The oil geology of East Kalimantan' by K. Masatani. J. Japan Assoc. Petrol. Techn. 39, 2, p. 79-94. (in Japanese; online at http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (Supplement to Masatani (1967) paper on oil geology of E Kalimantan, focusing on geologic development of Meratus Range and E margin of Barito Basin. Cretaceous Manunggul Gp begins with basal conglomerate. Orbitolina identified as Aptian O. lenticularis and overlain by Turonian fossil-bearing formation. Several unconformities in Tertiary of Tanjung oilfield and Meratus front. Kahajan well (W margin Barito basin) Te limestone directly on Eocene Tab, so 'Tcd' reduced thickness to absent S, but thickening to N (1,800m in Upper Mahakam region)) Hashimoto, W. (1973)- An unconformity discovered on the Tandjung anticline in the eastern rim of the Barito Basin, Kalimo Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 12, Tokyo Univ. Press, p. 179-188. (NE Barito Tanjung anticline with 1200m thick Tanjung Fm (500m Eocene basal conglomerates, overlain by clastics, then Late Eocene/Tb limestones). Unconformity between Eocene Tb and Lower Oligocene Tc, characterized by basal Tc sand with thin coal and reworked Tab fauna on Tanjung anticline. In Kahajan wells Eocene/Tb directly overlain by Late Oligocene/Te. Tcd 295m thick in Tanjung area, thickening in Upper Mahakam region to 1800m. Berai Lst 650m thick and mostly Lower Te/ Late Oligocene) Hashimoto, W. & T. Koike (1973)- A geological reconnaissance of the reservoir area of the Riam Kanan dam, East of Martapura, Kalimantan Selatan (South Borneo), Indonesia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 13, Tokyo Univ. Press, p. 163-184. (Description of Cretaceous (Aptian-Senonian)- Lower Tertiary stratigraphy of area of Riam Kanan dam at Aranio, 40 km E of Banjarmasin, SWMeratus Mts. Area now mainly flooded by reservoir. Review works of Verbeek (1875) Hooze (1893), Martin (1889), Krol (1920) and Koolhoven (1935), with additional observations. Oldest rocks crystalline schist, penetrated and bounded by Bobaris Peridotite. Basal Cretaceous (Cenomanian?) conglomerate mainly composed of schist, also peridotite. Overlying marine sediments with volcanics. Orbitolina from limestone farther North not O. concavata, but older form of O. scutum type, in Japan associated with Upper Aptian ammonites. Latest Cretaceous non-marine shales with estheriids) Hashimoto, W. & T. Koike (1974)- On the Martapura Cretaceous system of Southeast Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia (Geology along the upper stream of the Riam Kanan River). Chigaku Zasshi = J. Geography, Tokyo, 83, 1, p. 1-18. (in Japanese) (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/…) (1972 survey of Meratus Mts Upper Cretaceous sediments at upper Riam Kanan River, E and Riam Kiwa W of Bobaris Mts. Basal conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones, unconformable over schist, with Turonian ammonoids and Inoceramus. Overlying Benuariam/Atiin Fm porphyritic lavas, agglomerates and tuffs, and


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conglomerates, Tabatan Fm sandstones and conglomerates with Apto-Albian Orbitolina in limestone pebbles and reworked Benuariam Fm. Overlying Rantaulajon Fm fissile shale rich in estheriids, indicating nonmarine facies, probably Senonian. Includes record of mid-Cretaceous Orbitolina in Meratus Mts at Hantakan, E of Barabai. Study of Eocene- Miocene suggests Early Oligocene Td stage is absent in area) Hashimoto, W., K. Kurihara & F. Masuda (1973)- A study on some reticulate Nummulites from Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, Tokyo Univ. Press, 13, p. 73-90. (Biometric study of Early Oligocene Nummulites (N. fichteli, N. intermedia) from two zone Tc localities in SE Kalimantan: (1) near kampong Masukou on N flank of Tandjung oil field anticline and (2) from kampong Tunggul Baru, right bank of Riam Kawa River, S of Pengaron) Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1973)- Nephrolepidina parva Oppenoorth from the Dahor area, Tandjung, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 11, University of Tokyo Press, p. 129-135. Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1974)- Orbitolina from Seberuang, Cretaceous, Kalimantan Barat (West Borneo), Indonesia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 14, Tokyo Univ. Press, p. 89-99. (Multiple localities of Selangkai Fm clastics at Seberuang River, Upper Kapuas, W Central Kalimantan with lenses of coral-bearing limestones rich in Orbitolina lenticularis. Localities first described by Martin (1899), Molengraaff (1900) and Zeijlmans (1939). Seberuang Orbitolina is Orbitolina lenticularis of Hofker (1966)groups II (within E Aptian) and I-II (Late Aptian). Also good map of all Orbitolina localities in W Indonesia) Hattori, K., K.P. Burgath & S.R. Hart (1992)- Os-isotope study of platinum-group minerals in chromitites in alpine-type ultramafic intrusions and the associated placers in Borneo. Mineralogical Mag. 56, p. 156-164. (online at: http://www.minersoc.org/pages/Archive-MM/Volume_56/56-383-157.pdf) (187Os/ l86 Os ratios of ~1.04 in laurite grains in mid-Cretaceous (~110 Ma) chromitites from Bobaris and Meratus Mts, SE Kalimantan (and platinum group minerals in associated alluvial placers derived from ultramafics) suggest derivation from mantle, with no significant contribution of crustal 187Os. Also low ratio (1.06) in nugget from SE Sabah 40 Ma Darvel Bay ophiolite) Hattori, K.H., L.J. Cabri, B. Johanson & M.L. Zientek (2004)- Origin of placer laurite from Borneo: Se and As contents, and S isotopic compositions. Mineralogical Mag. 68, 2, p. 353-368. (Platinum-group mineral laurite (RuS2) from Pontyn River sediments, Tanah Laut, SE Borneo, derived from Meratus ophiolite. Formation of laurite in residual mantle or in magma generated from refractory mantle, followed by erosion after obduction of host ultramafic rocks) Hayashi, Y., T. Inage, I. Suzuki & H. Nagura (1996)- Exploration history and trapping mechanism of Peciko gas field, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn. 61, 1, p.25-34. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp...) (In Japanese, with English summary. Peciko gas field in offshore S Mahakam delta. Distribution of gas zones not controlled by distribution of sandstone layers, but by hydrodynamic trapping mechanism related to expulsion of compaction water in prodelta muddy facies E and S of Peciko gas field) Hehanussa, P.E. (1981)- Basic data from Barito delta, south Kalimantan, Indonesia. LGPN-LIPI, Bandung, 21 p. Hemmes, K., H. Darman, L. Suffendy & Meizarwin (2000)- Depositional systems of the deep-water Tarakan Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 2000 AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Bali 2000, 1 p. (Abstract only) (Tarakan Basin passive continental margin with Late Eocene-Recent sediments on continental to oceanic crust, created during M-L Eocene opening of Celebes Sea. M Miocene uplift of Borneo hinterland uplift triggered massive influx of turbidites in deep-water area, deposited as fans in front of Tarakan delta and buried by rapidly prograding Plio-Pleistocene Tarakan Delta slope deposits. Potential reservoir systems in deepwater unconfined toe of slope fans, confined intra-slope fans and intra-slope channel-levee systems)


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Hendrawan, A. Bachtiar, D. Apriadi, E. Kurniawan & Y. Bachtiar (1998)- Pemelajaran sedimentologi dari Singkapan batuan Miosen di Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Sed. Pal. Strat., p. 1-15. ('Sedimentological study of Singkapan Miocene rocks in the Kutai Basin') Heriawan, M.N. (2007)- Spatial characterization and geological modelingof heterogeneous resource quality in a multiplayer coal deposit. Ph.D. Thesis Kumamoto University, p. 1-121. (online at: http://reposit.lib.kumamotou.ac.jp/bitstream/2298/9145/1/21-157.pdf) (Geologic modeling of distribution and quality of multi-layer coal deposit from Lati Coal Mine, Tanjung Redeub, S part of Tarakan Basin (Berau), NE Kalimantan). Coal horizons in ~1800m thick M Miocene Berau (Latih) Fm, dominantly delta plain facies, overall progradational series. In Lati area 19 coal seams, individual thickness generally 0.5- 3 m, max. 5.8m. Comparison work on Barito Basin Eocene Tanjung Fm coal) Heriawan, M.N. & K. Koike (2008)- Identifying spatial heterogeneity of coal resource quality in a multiplayer coal deposit by multivariate geostatistics. Int. J. Coal Geol. 73, 3-4, p. 307-330. (Geostatistical characterization of geometry and quality of multilayer coal deposit in E Kalimantan) Heriawan, M.N. & K. Koike (2008)- Uncertainty assessment of coal tonnage by spatial modeling of seam distribution and coal quality. Int. J. Coal Geol. 76, 3, p. 217-226. (On spatial modeling of coal seam distribution and coal quality at multiplayer coal deposit in E Kalimantan) Heriawan, M.N., J. Rivoirard & Syafrizal (2004)- Resources estimation of a coal deposit using ordinary block kriging. Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, Wroclaw, Poland, p. 37-43. (On Tarakan Basin Eocene coal) Heriyanto, N., A. Nawawi, A.D.M. Mason, F.T. Ingram, D.E. Pedersen & R.C. Davis (1996)- Exploratory update in the North Tanjung Block, South Kalimantan. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 55-68. (Results of Permin Tracer 1993- 1995 exploration in N Tanjung Block, NE Barito basin. Wells Patas 1 and Ngurit 1 with oil and gas shows. Muya 1 well high-wax oil that can not be produced. Exploration success depends on early formed structures that remained intact after subsequent episodes of structuring) Heriyanto, N., W. Satoto & S. Sardjono (1991)- Pematangan hidrokarbon dan hipotesa migrasi di Pulau Bunyu, cekungan Tarakan. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Energy Min. Res., p. 261-280. (Maturation of hydrocarbons and hypothesis of migration in Bunyu Island, Tarakan Basin') Heriyanto, N., W. Satoto & S. Sardjono (1992)- An overview of hydrocarbon maturity and its migration aspects in Bunyu Island, Tarakan Basin. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 1-22. (Geochemical data in Bunyu Island show gentle rise on top oil window from Bunyu field in SE to Tapa Field in NW. Water-washing of oil in Bunyu field (largest oil field). At Tapa major gas field, hydrocarbon altered by fractionation. Bunyu hydrocarbon from fluviodeltaic source rocks; Tapa gas is from shallow lacustrineestuarine source. Differences of hydrocarbon type controlled by thermal gradient, higher in NW than SE. Hydrocarbon migration controlled by tectonic framework and position during Mio-Pliocene tectonism) Heriyanto, N. & M. Wahyudin (1994)- Reflectance gradient and shale compaction, their relationship to basin configuration during Early Neogene, A NE Kalimantan Basin reassesment. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 927-941. Hermanto, B., S. Bachri & S. Atmawinata (1994)- Geological map of the Pankalanbuun Quadrangle, Kalimantan, 1: 250,000, Quad. 1515. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (S Kalimantan geologic map. S margin of Schwaner Mts. Oldest rocks ?Triassic Kuayan Fm andesitic volcanics, intruded by Cretaceous Mandahan granites, unconformably overlain by Late Miocene- Pliocene Dahor Fm)


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Heryanto, R. (1991)- Sedimentology of the Melawi and Ketungau basins, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. Wollongong, p. (Melawi and Ketungau Basins in W Kalimantan developed between E Tertiary Lubuk Antu subduction zone in N and Semitau High to S. Semitau High is belt of Late Cretaceous subduction complex (Boyan Melange; with Permian granitoid and metamorphic microcontinental fragments). Shallow marineterrestrial deposits in Melawi and Ketungau Basins Late Eocene- Oligocene age. Three unconformities in Melawi Basin. Melawi Group and Alat Sst can be correlated with Kantu Fm and Tutoop Sst in Ketungau Basin. Sand provenance from N, from uplifted melanges. Both basins with coal seams. Uplift of Semitau High (Boyan Melange) along backthrusts during Paleocene- E Eocene produced accretionary prism flanked to S by forearc Melawi Basin. P N-ward migration of Benioff Zone in Late Eocene created forearc Ketungau Basin between old and new (Lubok Antu Melange) outer arc ridges) Heryanto, R. (1993)- Neogene stratigraphy of Kalimantan. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, p. 82-91. Heryanto, R. (1996)- Diagenesis of the Melawi Basin sandstone, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 20, p. 67-84. (Diagenesis of the >7 km thick Eocene and Oligocene fluvial, lacustrine and shallow marine sandstones of the Melawi Basin. Generally characteristic of deeper burial) Heryanto, R. (1996)- Sedimentology of the Ingar Formation. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC, Bandung) 6, 53, p. 9-16. (Ingar Fm Eocene sands-shales and minor limestone, W Kalimantan. Arkosic- feldspathic litharenite, derived from Schwaner Mountains igneous rocks) Heryanto, R. (1996)- Sedimentology of the Dangkalan sandstone. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC, Bandung) 6, 58, p. 6-16. Heryanto, R. (1999)- Petrografi batupasir Formasi Manunggul di daerah Alimukim, Kalimantan Selatan. J. Geologi Sumberdaya Min. (Geol.) 9, 93, p. 16-26. ('Petrography of Manunggul Fm sandstone in the Alimukim area, S Kalimantan') Heryanto, R. (1999)- Diagenesa Batupasir Formasi Manunggul di Daerah Alimukim, Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral, 9, 98, p. 16-26. (‘Diagenesis of Manunggul Fm sandstone in the Alimukin area, S Kalimantan’. On Upper Cretaceous volcanoclastics overlying Meratus ophiolite complex) Heryanto, R. (2000)- Pengendapan batuan sedimen kelompok Pitap di bagian selatan Pegunungan Meratus, Kalimantan Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 10, 109, p. 1-19. ('Deposition of rocks of the Pitap Group in the southern part of the Meratus Mountains, S Kalimantan') Heryanto, R. (2000)- Tataan stratigraphy. In: U. Hartono et al. (eds.) Evolusi magmatik Kalimantan Selatan, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 23, p. 7-24. (Stratigraphy chapter in 'Magmatic evolution of South Kalimantan' book) Heryanto, R. (2008)- Paleogeografi Cekungan Tersier Barito, Kalimantan. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 238-257. (‘Paleogeography of the Tertiary Barito Basin, Kalimantan’. Overview of Barito basin Tertiary stratigraphy and simple sketches of Barito Basin paleogeography in Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene) Heryanto, R. (2009)- Karakteristik dan lingkungan pengendapan batubara Formasi Tanjung di daerah Binuang dan sekitarnya, Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 4, 4, p. 239-252. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20090402.pdf) ('Characteristics and depositional environments of Tanjug Fm coal in the Binuang area, S Kalimantan'. Eocene Tanjung Fm at E margin Barito Basin unconformably overlain by Plio - Pleistocene Dahor Fm. Coarse sst-


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conglomerate in lower part, mudstone with coals and sandstone in middle, and mainly mudstone in upper parts. Coal seams 50-350 cm thick, with common vitrinite in all zones, inertinite highest in E Zone (14-16 %). Vitrinite reflectance of coal in W and Middle Zones ~0.45 %, in E Zone is 0.45-0.50 %, all subbituminous B rank. Depositional environment of coals in W and Middle Zones was delta plain back mangrove- fresh water swamp, in E Zone flood plain wet fresh water swamp) Heryanto, R., B.H. Harahap, P.R. Williams & P.E. Pieters (1993)- Geology of the Sintang sheet area, Kalimantan, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (C Kalimantan map sheet, showing occurrences of Jurassic- Early Cretaceous Danau Mafic Complex (probably oceanic crust in Cretaceous Boyan accretionary melange), Semitau Metamorphics, thick Eocene sediments of Melawi and Ketungau basins, widespread Late Oligocene- E Miocene Sintang andesite intrusives, etc.) Heryanto, R. & U. Hartono (2003)- Stratigraphy of the Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 13, 133, p. 2-24. Heryanto, R. & B.G. Jones (1996)- Tectonic development of Melawi and Ketangau basins, Western Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 19, p. 151-179. (In Late Cretaceous most of W Kalimantan Melawi/ Ketangau basins was area of marine shelf, flysch and pelagic deposition. Early Tertiary S-directed thrusting created Melawi foreland basin with Eocene lacustrine, fluvial and marginal marine sediments. In latest Eocene new thrust zone further North, producing second foreland basin (Ketangau)) Heryanto, R. & U. Margono (2008)- The provenance and diagenesis of sandstones of the Eocene Tanjung Formation in the Kualakurun area, Central Kalimantan. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. 18, 5, p. 281-298. (Eocene Tanjung Fm at E flank Schwaner Mts, W Barito Basin. Conglomerate and sandstone in lower part, mudstone with coals in middle, sandstones in upper part. Sandstones subarkose, sublitharenite and felspathic litharenite. Grains mainly quartz with lithics, feldspars, muscovite and opaque minerals. Provenance from Craton Interior and Recycled Orogen, from Pre-Tertiary of Schwaner Mts Cretaceous granites and Paleozoic metamorphics to West. Diagenesis regime equal to burial depth of 2-3 km) Heryanto, R. & H. Panggabean (2004)- Fasies, sedimentologi Formasi Tanjung di Bagian Barat, Tengah dan Timur Tinggian Meratus, Kalimantan Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 14, 3, p. 78-93. ('Facies and sedimentology of the (Eocene) Tanjung Formation in the W, C and E Meratus Mts, S Kalimantan') Heryanto, R. & H. Panggabean (2010)- Characteristics and depositional environment on Jurassic-Cretaceous rock sequences in Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan. Proc. Symp. Paleoclimates in Asia during the Cretaceous, IGCP 507 Project ,Yogyakarta 2010, p. 53- 56. (Abstract only) (Somewhat difficult-to-follow summary of Meratus Mts rocks, ages and tectonic development. PermoCarboniferous S-type Lumo granite (319-260 Ma), represents continental Sundaland. M Jurassic metamorphic rocks (165-180 Ma). Mid-Cretaceous subduction suggested by arc-type Belawayan Granite (101-131 Ma) and metamorphic rocks (110-119 Ma). Belawayan granite overlain by Aptian- Albian Batununggal Lst) Heryanto, R. & P. Sanyoto (1994)- Geological map of the Amuntai Quadrangle, Kalimantan, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Heryanto, R., P. Sanyoto & H. Panggabean (2003)- Depositional setting of the sedimentary rocks of Pitap Group in the northern Meratus High (Amandit, Alimukim and Paramasan Areas), Southeast Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 13, 141, p. 2-21. Heryanto, R., S. Supriatna, E. Rustandi & Baharuddin (1994)- Geological map of the Sampanahan Quadrangle, Kalimantan, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Heryanto, R., Sutrisno, Sukardi & D. Agustianto (1998)- Geologic map Belimbing sheet, South Kalimantan, scale 1: 100.000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung.


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Hettinga Tromp, H. (1933)- De ouderdom en geaardheid der koollagen in het kusttertiair ten zuiden van de Mahakam (O. Borneo) en de mogelijkheid van aardolieaccumulaties. De Mijningenieur 14, p. 150-151. ('The age and nature of coal beds in the coastal Tertiary South of the Mahakam (E Borneo) and the possibility of oil accumulations') Hickman, R.G., C. Stuart & T.P. Seeley (2000)- Evolution of the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib. Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1437-1438. (Abstract only) (Kutei basin sedimentation linked to tectonism. Eo- Oligocene rift basins on Cretaceous accretionary prism from E. Kalimantan to S. Sulawesi. Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene carbonate banks and reefs along shaleprone basins. In late E Miocene regional compression and formation of opposing thrust belts in Borneo and Sulawesi and Paleogene rifts were inverted. Uplifts supplied sediment to deltas prograding to present coast by early M Miocene. Continued shortening caused E-ward folding of Miocene deltaics. In Mahakam depocenter large, low relief detached folds at former shelf breaks. N and S of depocenter linked growth faults and toe thrusts. Right-lateral Sangkulirang Bay fault accommodates shortening between Borneo and Sulawesi) Hidayat, S. (1995)- Mud volcanoes as an indication of geological structure in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 267-281. (Mud volcanoes on Samarinda anticlinorium (onshore of Mahakam delta). Mud samples with E Miocene (zone N6) planktonic forams, adjacent outcrops M Miocene age (zone N8). Probably caused by overpressure of shale by overthrusting) Hidayat, S., Amiruddin & D. Satrianas (1995)- Geological map of the Tarakan and Sebatik sheet, Kalimantan. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Hidayat, S. & I. Umar (1994)- Geological map of the Balikpapan sheet, Kalimantan. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Hinde, G.J. (1902)- Description of fossil radiolaria from the rocks of Central Borneo. In: G.A.F. Molengraaff, Borneo-expedition. Geological explorations in Central Borneo (1893-94) Brill, Leiden, Appendix I, p. 1-57. (Several localities of radiolarian chert in C Borneo, sampled by Molengraaff. Two kinds: folded red radiolarian cherts in Upper Kapuas River area, and radiolarian tuffs and marls S of Semitau Hills, both below Cretaceous clastics with Orbitolina. Radiolarians of probable Jurassic age) Hirano, H., S. Ichihara, Y. Sunarya, N. Nakajima, I. Obata & M. Futakami (1981)- Lower Jurassic ammonites from Bengkayang, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 4, p. 21-26. (Two species of Toarcian (upper Lower Jurassic) ammonites (Harpoceras sp. and Dactylioceras sp.). From uppermost part of >3000m thick Upper Triassic- Jurassic Bengkayang Gp (Sungaibetung Fm) at Mt Bawang, Bengkayang area, W Kalimantan, in beds previously mapped as Upper Triassic. Formation intruded by E Cretaceous (~104 Ma) Mt. Raya granodiorite and Tertiary tonalite of 29-19 Ma age) Hirschi, H. (1908)- Vorlaufiger Bericht uber einen geologischen Streifzug in centraal-Borneo- Oberlauf Moeroeng (Barito). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen (2), 25, p. 777-806. (Early geological survey of the upper Murung tributary of the Barito River, N of Banjarmasin, C Kalimantan) Hoffman, C.F., A.S. MacKenzie, C.A. Lewis, J.R. Maxwell, J.L. Oudin, B. Durand & M. Vandenbroucke (1984)- A biological marker study of coals, shales and oils from the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chem. Geol. 42, p. 1-23. (Study of chemical components in Mahakam Delta oils, coals and shales show abundant components of higherplant origin in all fractions (type III kerogen). Source for Handil oils at present depth of at least 3000 m)


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Hook, J.A., P.J. Butterworth & A. Ferguson (2002)- Contrasting Miocene fluvio-deltaic channel types from Perjuangan Quarry, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: implications for subsurface reservoir correlation. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 617-632. (Outcrop of distributary channels and mouth bar sandstones near Samarinda) Hook, J. & M.E.J. Wilson (2003)- Stratigraphic relationships of a Miocene mixed carbonate- siliciclastic interval in the Badak field, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv.Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 147-161. (Badak Field in Sanga Sanga PSC, Kutai basin, 7 TCF, with thin, poor-quality limestone reservoirs interbedded with Miocene clastics) Hooze, J.A. (1886)- Onderzoek naar kolen in de Berausche Landen ter Oostkust van Bomeo. Kolenterrein van Goenoeng Sawar, idem over Poeloe Sepinang en dat van Goenoeng Taboer. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 15 (1886), p. 5-105. (‘Investigation of coal in the Berau region, Borneo East coast’) Hooze, J.A. (1887)- Onderzoek naar kolen in het Rijk van Koetai ter Oostkust van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 16 (1887), 2, p. 5-94. (‘Investigation of coal in the Kingdom of Kutai, East Kalimantan’. Report on coal terrains along Mahakam River above Samarinda, mainly near Batu Panggal. Several areas with 10-18 coal beds with cumulative thickness of 9-23 m) Hooze, J.A. (1888)- Nadere gegevens betreffende enkele kolenterreinen in Koetai en onderzoek eener aardoliebron aldaar. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 17 (1888), 2, p. 325-336. (‘Additional data on coal terrains in Kutai and investigation of an oil seep there’. Asphalt and burning gas seep at Sanga-Sanga) Hooze, J.A. (1888)- Onderzoek naar kolen in de Straat Laut en aangrenzende landstreken. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 17 (1888), 2, p. 337-429. (‘Investigation of coal in Laut straits and adjacent areas’) Hooze, J.A. (1888)- Kolen aan de oostkust van Borneo, van de St Lucia- tot aan de Pamoekan-Baai. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 17 (1888), Techn. Admin. Ged., p. 431-470. (‘Coal along the East coast of Borneo, from the St Lucia to the Pamukan Bay’. Four coal-bearing horizons: Eocene (Palau Laut, Martapura), Middle Miocene (Sanga-Sanga, Samarinda), Upper Miocene (Samarinda), Lower Pliocene (Balikpapan Bay)) Hooze, J.A. (1893)- Topographische, geologische en mijnbouwkundige beschrijving der afd. Martapoera, residentie Zuider- en Oosterafdeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 22 (1893), p. 1-431. (‘Topographic, geologic and mining description of the Martapura District, S and E Kalimantan’. Extensive description of Martapura region geology and economic minerals, mainly coal and diamonds) Hotz, W. & L. Rutten (1917)- Geographisch-geologische Beschreibung des Kustengebietes von Koetei zwischen Bontang und dem Santan Fluss (Ost Borneo). Verh. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen., Geol. Ser. II, p. 243-248. (‘Geographical-geological description of the coastal area of Kutai between Bontang and the Santan River, E Borneo’. Early geological survey, reporting traverses-cross-sections of folded Miocene-Pliocene sediments) Huffington, R.M. & H.M. Helmig (1980)- Discovery and development of the Badak field, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Giant oil and gas fields of the decade 1968-1978. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 30, p. 441-458. Huffington, R.M. & H.M. Helmig (1990)- Badak Field- Indonesia. In: AAPG Treatise on Petroleum Geology 17, Structural Traps III: Tectonic fold and fault traps, p. 265-308. (Badak field anticlinal structure with multiple Miocene deltaic reservoirs, estimated reserves 6.5 TCF gas, 96 MB condensate and 47 MB Oil)


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Hutchison, C.S. (1986)- Formation of marginal seas in S.E. Asia by rifting of the Chinese and Australian continental margins and implications for the Borneo region. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 201-220. Hutchison, C.S. (1987)- Stratigraphic-tectonic model for Eastern Borneo. GEOSEA 6 Conference, Jakarta, p. Hutchison, C.S. (1988)- Stratigraphic-tectonic model for Eastern Borneo. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 22, p. 135151. Hutubessy, S. & S. Panjaitan (2003)- Penelitian geomagnetik di cekungan Amuntai, Kabupaten Amuntai, Kalimantan Selatan. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. IAGI and 28th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Jakarta, 7p. (Magnetic survey and model in Amuntai (NE Barito) basin, SE Kalimantan) Icke, H. & K. Martin (1906)- Die Silatgruppe, Brack- und Susswasser-Bildungen der Oberen Kreide von Borneo. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, Ser. 1, 8, p. 106-144. (‘The Silat Group brackish and freshwater deposits of the Upper Cretaceous of Kalimantan’. Description of fresh and brackish water molluscs from Melawi Basin E of Sintang, collected by Wing Easton) Idrus, A., L.D. Setijadji & F. Thamba (2011)- Geology and characteristics of Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag skarn deposit. J. Geol. Indonesia 6, 4, p. 191-201. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/315) (Geology of skarn Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag deposit at Ruwai mine, Lamandau Regency, SW Kalimantan. Ruwai skarn associated with Late Cretaceous dyke/stock, intruding into Triassic-M Cretaceous Ketapang volcanics and sediments, including limestone. Controlled by NNE-SSW-trending strike slip faults and N 70 E-trending thrust fault) Ilyas, S. (2003)- Inventarisasi batubara bersistem di daerah Muara Wahau dan sekitarnya, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Kolokium Hasil Kegiatan Inventarisasi Sumber Daya Mineral, DIM, TA, p. 22-1- 22.10. (online at: www.dim.esdm.go.id/kolokium%202003/batubara/Makalah%20Wahau%20Kaltim.pdf) ('Systematic investigation of coal in the Muara Wahau area, Kutai Regency, E Kalimantan Province'. Six main coal seams, 6- 45m thick, in Upper Wahau Fm (Early Miocene?) in NE corner Kutai Basin. Ash content < 4%, sulphur 0,15%, mean vitrinite reflectance Rv mean 0.27%) Inaray, J.C., Y.H. Setiawan, R. Schneider, J.T. Noah & E. Lumadyo (2001)- Merah Besar and West Seno Field discoveries : examples of exploration success on the slope environment, confined turbidity channel sand, deepwater Kutei Basin, Indonesia. Proc. Deep-Water Sedimentation of Southeast Asia, FOSI 2nd Reg. Seminar, Jakarta 2001, p. 10-15. Ismail, Y. (1998)- Alterasi hidrotermal pada intrusi andesit G. Otje, Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Sumberdaya Min. Energi, p. 200-211. ('Hydrothermal alteration at the Gunung Otje andesite intrusion, Banjarmasin, SE Kalimantan') Ito, Y. & T. Taguchi (1990)- Petroleum geology and hydrocarbon source rocks in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: Symp. Application of geochemistry to petroleum exploration, J. Japanese Assoc. Petroleum Techn. (Sekiyu Gijutsu Kyokaishi) 55, 1, p. 54-65. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp...) (In Japanese, with English abstract) (Coals, lignites and shales in M- Late Miocene deltaic sediments are recognized as potential oil source rocks in Mahakam Delta. Kerogens mainly type III) Jacobs, S.J. & N.D. Meyer (2001)- Direct hydrocarbon response technique: application and opportunity in Barito-Kutai interbasinal high. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 249-260. (Paper suggesting subsurface hydrocarbons can be detected with ‘Direct Hydrocarbon Response Technique’ tool, utilizing spectral anomalies over outcrops)


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Jaffe, P.R., P. Albrecht & J.L. Oudin (1988)- Carboxylic acids as indicator of oil migration; II. Case of the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 11, p. 2599-2607. Jamas, J. & D. Luwarno (1982)- Hunbungan antara Sigmoilina personata dengan Foraminifera Eosen di Kalimantan Selatan. Geol. Indonesia 9, 2, p. 32-44. (Small benthic foram Sigmoilina personata with Eocene Ta-Tb Discocyclina-Pellatispira larger foram assemblages in Tanjung Fm from wells in Barito Basin, SE Kalimantan. Potential Eocene marker species, as first proposed by Mohler 1946) Jeannot, J.P. (1981)- Haute resolution sismique dans le delta de la Mahakam. Petrole et Techniques (Assoc. Francaise Techniciens du Petrole) 283, p. 144-147. (‘High-resolution seismic in the Mahakam Delta’. Conventional seismic not adequate to study reservoir or stratigraphic traps in Mahakam Delta. High-resolution seismic techniques used successfully in marine environments, but more difficult in terrestrial environments) Jefferies, K.G. (1980)- The Sanga Sanga Field. Proc. 9th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 401-416. (Sanga-Sanga field in onshore Mahakam delta 1898 discovery. Produced >255 million barrels of oil. NNESSW trending narrow, asymmetrical anticline, 32 x 1 km, 911 wells. Numerous producing horizons between 250’- 5700’) Jezler, H. (1916)- Das Olfeld Sanga Sanga in Koetei (Niederl. Ost-Borneo). Zeitschr. f. prakt. Geol. 1916, 23p. ('The Sanga-Sanga oilfield in Kutai, E Kalimantan'. Early, detailed description of Sanga Sanga oil field, onshore Mahakam Delta. Discovered in 1898 by mining engineer Menten and exploited by Shell predecessor company. Producing from Tertiary sandstones in large anticline with surface oil seeps. About 100 wells between 1901-1906, almost all <500m deep. Shallow oils rel. heavy) Kadar, A.P., D.W. Paterson & Hudianto (1996)- Successful techniques and pitfalls in utilizing biostratigraphic data in structurally complex terrain: VICO Indonesia's Kutei Basin experience. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 313-331. Kadarusman A. (2010)- The origin of Borneo (Kalimantan) diamond: a summary. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok 2010, 5p. (Review of literature on Kalimantan diamonds. Primary host for diamonds still not identified. Kalimantan diamonds likely related to Kimberlite Clan Rocks that originated in cratonic environment) Karyono H.S. (1991)- Analisis kontrol tektonik pada vein mineralisasi di Bukit Eko, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Energy Min. Res., p. 115-128. ('Analysis of tectonic control on vein mineralization at Bukit Eko, Kalan, W Kalimantan') Kemmerling, G.L.L. (1915)- Topographische en geologische beschrijving van het stroomgebied van de Barito, in hoofdzaak wat de Doesoenlanden betreft. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., 2, 32, p. 575-641 and p. 717-772. ('Topographic and geological description of the Barito drainage area, in particular the Dusun lands’. Mainly geographic description. With 1:750,000 scale geologic map) Kloos, J.H. (1863)- Geologische opmerkingen over de kolen van Borneo. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 25, p. 294316. ('Geological remarks on the coal of Borneo'. Brief, early literature review on coal and geology of SE Kalimantan, where 'Oranje Nassau' mine near Pengaron, Martapura, had been operational since 1854. Also mention of coal at Pulau Laut, Samarinda (E Kalimantan) and Labuan (N Borneo). No maps or figures) Kloos, J.H. (1866)- Vorkommen und Gewinnung des Goldes auf der Insel Borneo. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 28, p. 207-216.


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('Occurrence and exploitation of gold on the island of Borneo'. Brief review, observing gold present across much of Borneo, but mainly at W coast (Kapus area) and Sarawak. No maps or figures) Kobayashi, T. (1973)- On the history and classification of the fossil Conchostraca and the discovery of Estheriids in the Cretaceous of Borneo. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 13, Tokyo Univ. Press, p. 47-72. (Upper Cretaceous small fresh-water crustacean shells from shales near Rantaulajung, Riam Kanan River, Meratus Mts front, E of Martapura, SE Kalimantan. Mainly of species Pseudocyclograpta hashimotoi n.sp.) Koch, R.E. (1926)- Mitteltertiare Foraminiferen aus Bulongan, Ost-Borneo. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 19, 3, p. 722751. (‘Middle Tertiary foraminifera from Bulongan, E Kalimantan’. Mainly Late Oligocene open marine foraminifera from marls in Sajau and Binai rivers drainage, SE Bulongan. First descriptions of planktonic foram marker species like Globigerina binaiensis and G. tripartita) Koji, W., S. Pridardjo, M. Kazuhiro, Z. Iskandar & S. Jan (1998)- Tectonic implications of new age data for the Meratus complex of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Island Arc 7, p. 202-222. (Meratus Complex mainly melange, chert, siliceous shale, limestone, basalt, ultramafics and schists formed by subduction of oceanic plate . Early M Jurassic- early Late Cretaceous radiolarian chert in complex represent cover of subducting plate. K-Ar age ages of schist 110-180 Ma. Uncomformably covered by Late Cretaceous sedimentary-volcanic formations with Cenomanian or older Cretaceous radiolarians. Haruyan high P-low T schist 110-119 Ma, affected by subduction metamorphism. Protoliths continental cover or margin sediments. Intermediate P metamorphics of 165 and 180 Ma discovered along N margin of Haruyan Schist. Haruyan Fm immature island arc submarine volcanics locally contemporaneous with formation of Meratus mélange) Koolhoven, W.C.B. (1935)- Het primaire voorkomen van den Zuid-Borneo diamant. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. en Kol., Geol. Ser. 11, p. 189-232. ('The primary occurrence of the South Borneo diamonds'. Discussion of SE Borneo diamond occurrences, mainly in Upper Cretaceous and younger clastics at NW side of Meratus Mts. Thought thought to be derived from peridotitic ‘Pamali Breccia’. Conclusion disputed in later literature) Kraeff, A. (1955)- A contribution to the petrology of the young extrusive and intrusive rocks of the river basin of S.Kajan (NE Borneo). Publ. Keilmuan, Bandung, Ser. Petrol. 29, p. 11-19. Krause, P.G. (1897)- Uber Lias von Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, ser. 1, 5, p. 154-168. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 25, Wetensch. Ged., p. 28-42). (‘On the Liassic of Borneo’. Upper Liassic macrofossils, incl. ammonite Harpoceras radians) Krause, P.G. (1896)- Uber Tertiare, Cretaceische und altere Ablagerungen aus West-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden 5, p. 169-218. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1889, Wetensch. Ged., 2, 1-52). (Brief, early description of W Borneo Mesozoic (incl. Orbitolina limestones) and Tertiary rocks and fossils from Molengraaff collection. No locality maps) Krause, P.G. (1904)- Die Fauna der Kreide von Temojoh in West-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 7, p. 1-28. (‘Cretaceous fauna from Temojoh, W Borneo’. Landak River area ammonites, collected by Koperberg in 1895) Krause, P.G. (1911)- Uber unteren Lias von Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 9, p. 77-83. ('On Lower Liassic from Borneo'. Description of Early Jurassic ammonite Aegoceras borneense n.sp. from W Borneo, collected by Van Dijk) Krausel, R. (1923)- Nipadites borneensis n. sp. eine fossil Palmenfrucht aus Borneo. Senckenbergiana 5, p. 7781.


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(On a new species of fossil fruit of a Nypa-type palm from the Eocene of Borneo) Krekeler, F. (1932)- Over een nieuw voorkomen van fossielhoudend Palaeozoikum in Midden-West Borneo (voorlopige mededeeling). De Mijningenieur 13, 1932, p. 167-172. ('A new occurrence of fossiliferous Palaeozoic in the central part of West Borneo (provisinal report)'. See also English translation in Haile (1955, p. 7-14). First description of fusulinids and brachiopods in W KalimantanW Sarawak border area, suggestive of Late Carboniferous age. Formation subsequently named Terbat Limestone by Haile, 1954. Overlain by Triassic volcanoclastics with Monotis salinaria) Krekeler, F. (1933)- Aanvullende mededeelingen omtrent het voorkomen van fossielhoudend Palaeozoikum in West Borneo. De Mijningenieur 14, 1933, 2, p. 91-92. (‘Supplementary report on the occurrence of fossiliferous Palaeozoic in West Borneo’. See also English translation in Haile (1955, p. 15-16). Brachiopod-bearing beds previously interpreted as Paleozoic contain Halobia and are now believed to be Triassic in age. Fusulinid beds from Sadong valley examined by Tan Sin Hok and believed to be same species as Upper Carboniferous of Jambi, Sumatra) Kristanto, R.B. & H. Murti (1992)- Hydrocarbon potential in Sihung Area, Barito Basin South Kalimantan, an exploration concept using a combined tectonic and geohydrocarbon approach in Tanjung Area. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 113-130. Krokel, F. (1923)- Gesteine aus dem Gebiet des Boelangan-Flusses in Nordoestlichen Borneo. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 10, 3, p. 141-182. ('Rocks from the area of the Bulungan River in NE Kalimantan'. Description of rocks collected by BPM in 1910. Includes granite, diorite, dacite, andesite, breccia, conglometrate, sandstone, siliceous shale) Krol, L.H. (1920)- Over de geologie van een gedeelte van de Zuider- en Oosterafdeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 47 (1918), Verhand. 1, p. 281-367. (Geology of SE Borneo, E of Banjarmasin, including Meratus- Bobaris Mountains. Cenomanian folding episode with ‘intrusions’ of peridotites and metamorphism. With 1:100,000 geologic map on 6 sheets) Krol, L.H. (1922)- Bijdrage tot de kennis van den oorsprong en de verspreiding der diamant-houdende afzettingen in Zuidoost-Borneo en van de opsporing en winning van den diamant. Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verhand. 1, p. 250- 304. ('Contribution to the knowledge of the origin, distribution of diamond-bearing deposits in SE Kalimantan and its exploitation'. Diamonds found in much of Kalimantan: W (Landak River. Kajan area), SE (Martapura), Upper Barito, etc. Mainly found in Quaternary river terraces and source rock still unclear. Most likely diamond source Cenomanian peridotites/ serpentinites, but not all rivers draining serpentinite terrains are diamondbearing) Krol, L.H. (1925)- Eenige cijfers uit de 3 etages van het Eoceen en uit het Jong-Tertiair in de omgeving van Martapoera- Zuid-Oost Borneo. Verhand. Geol. Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 343-356. ('Some numerical data on the three stages of the Eocene in the Martapura area, SE Borneo'. Detailed stratigraphic thickness data of Eocene and young-Tertiary near Martapura. Little change from Verbeek 1875, except minor age interpretation changes. Total Eocene thickness 856m (= much thicker than Verbeek's estimates; HvG)) Krol, L.H. (1927)- On the occurrence of the Danau formation in Martapura (S. E. Borneo). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 30, 3, p. 338-340. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015449.pdf) (Critique of Rutten (1926) paper of same title. In Meratus Mts Alino and Waringin layers (including limestones with Orbitolina) affected by contact metamorphism by 'intra-Cenomanian intrusives' and may also have affected (Triassic-Jurassic?) Danau Fm radiolarites)


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Krol, L.H. (1929)- Over het voorkomen der Danau-formatie in Martapoera (Z.O. Borneo). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 35, p. 988-990. ('On the occurrence of the Danau Fm in Martapura, SE Kalimantan'. Dutch version paper above) Krol, L.H. (1929)- Radiolarienhoudende gesteenten van Borneo. De Mijningenieur 10, p. 243-248. ('Radiolarian-bearing rocks of Borneo') Krol, L.H. (1930)- De Mesozoische plooiingen op Borneo, Nederlandsch-Indië en omgeving en hunne waarde voor het kaarteren van onbekende, fossiellooze gebieden. De Mijningenieur 1930, 4, 22 p. 68- 89. ('The Mesozoic folding in Borneo, Netherlands Indies and surrounding areas and its value for mapping unexplored non-fossiliferous areas'. English translation in Haile (1955, p. 17-38). Proposes a controversial tectonic model, in which directions of folding can be used to date age of Mesozoic folding in unfossiliferous regions: Triassic N20°W, Cretaceous N60°E and Jurassic N60°W) Krol, L.H. (1931)- Mijnbouwkundig-geologisch onderzoek in West-Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 59 (1930), p. 48-54. ('Mining-geological survey in W Borneo'. Status report of West Kalimantan mapping by geological survey) Kurniawan, E., A. Bachtiar, Safarudin & B. Mulyanto (2001)- Paleosols in deltaic sediment: a case study in Semberah Field, Mahakam Delta, Kutai Basin. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) & 10th GEOSEA Regional Congress, Yogyakarta, p. Kurniawan; E., A. Bachtiar & S. Martodjojo (2011)- Paleosols as an alternative method to define sequence boundary in fluvial system: a case study in Semberah Field, Kutei Basin. Berita Sediment. 21, FOSI- IAGI, p. 26-39. (Online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/files/2011/06/FOSI_BeritaSedimentologi_BS-21_June2011_Final.pdf) (Paleosols used to identify sequence boundaries in Late Miocene Balikpapan/ Kampung Baru Fm fluvial-deltaic sequences in outcrops at Semberah field, N part of Samarinda Anticlinorium, Kutai Basin. Total of 52 paleosols, grouped in 6 types, observed in 21 outcrops. Paleosols well developed in Highstand Sequence Tract, in Lowstand ST. Absent or rare in Transgressive ST) Kurniawan, T., B. Prasetiyo & D. Tangkalalo (2010)- Subsurface surveillance in low permeability oil reservoir at Tanjung Field, Barito Basin, South Kalimantan. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-176, 13p. (Tanjung Field low perm zones in Eocene Lower Tanjung Fm A and B main reservoirs caused by clays smectite and kaolinite. Lowermost Tanjung Fm ~200m of alluvial fan deposits with volcanic conglomerates) Kusnaeny, K. (1968)- Die manganerzvorkommen in West-Kalimantan (Indonesien) und Orissa (Indien). Geol. Jahrbuch 86; p. 655-692. ('The manganese ore occurrences in W Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Orissa (India)'. On mineralogy of manganese ores of W Kalimantan. Mineralization tied to veins with rhodonite and piemontite in volcanic rocks, subsequntly enriched by lateritic weathering. Very little on geoogical setting) Kusnama (2008)- Batubara Formasi Warukin di daerah Sampit dan sekitarnya, Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 3, 1, p. 11-22. (Online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20080102.pdf) ('Warukin Fm coal in the Sampit area, C Kalimantan'. Miocene Warukin Fm in Sampit area, W Barito Basin, ~700m thick. Two main coal seams, A and B, 80- 200cm thick, generally banded brittle to friable, claystone partings, subbituminous C- A rank, and deposited in wet-forest swamp with by high plants and shrubs) Kusuma, I. & T. Darin (1989)- The hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Tanjung Formation, Barito Basin, SE Kalimantan. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 107-138. (Tanjung Oil Field 1939 discovery in Eocene, but limited success since. Paleocene-E Eocene rifting gave rise to NW-SE horsts- grabens across Barito basin. E Tertiary structural elements overprinted by Neogene- Recent compression, producing left-lateral reactivation of earlier normal faults. Thickness and facies changes with


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four distinct stages of deposition in Tanjung Fm, primarily from topography produced by E Tertiary rifting. Terrestrial coals and organic- rich shales of Lower Tanjung Fm prolific hydrocarbon source rocks. At least five E Tertiary rifts identified, each separate self-contained depocenter) Kusuma, M.I. & A.N. Nafi (1985)- Prospek hidrokarbon Formasi Warukin di cekungan Barito, Kalimantan. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 105-124. ('Hydrocarbon prospects in the Warukin Fm in the Barito Basin') Laffaure, A, P. Dupouy, N. Syarifuddin (2008)- The Sisi-Nubi case history: reservoir characterisation in a challenging geological setting. Proc. 32nd Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-096, 8p. (Sisi (1986) and Nubi (1992) gas fields 25 km offshore Mahakam delta in 60-70m of water. Reservoirs Upper Miocene deltaic sands between 1900-3800 m, divided into upper 'Fresh Water Sands' and lower overpressured 'Sisi Main Zone'. Deltaic cycles with average thickness of 25m. Fluids mainly gas, with columns from 20-100m for FWS. Anticlinal structures with several compartments. All channel sands >12m could be identified on seismic, but no channels thinner than 5m could be seen on seismic) Lalouel, P. (1979)- Log interpretation in deltaic sequences. Proc. 8th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 247-290. (Examples of log interpretation in Miocene deltaic deposits of Handil Field, Mahakam Delta) Lambert, B. (2003)- Micropaleontological investigations in the modern Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan (Indonesia). Carnets de Géologie/Notebooks on Geology, 2003/02, 21p. (Online at http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2003_A02_BL) Lambert, B., B.C. Duval, Y. Grosjean, I.M. Umar & P. Zaugg (2003)- The Peciko case history: impact of an evolving geologic model on the dramatic increase of gas reserves in the Mahakam Delta. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Giant oil and gas fields of the decade 1990-1999. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 78, p. 297-320. (>6 TCG gas in Late Miocene deltaics. Trap stratigraphic-hydrodynamic at flank of structure) Lambert, B. & C. Laporte-Galaa (2005)- Discoaster zonation of the Miocene of the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia (Mahakam Delta Offshore). Carnets de Geologie, Mem. 2005/01, p. 1-63. (Online at http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2005_M01) Lambiase, J.J., D. Remus & S. Husein (2010)- Transgressive successions of the Mahakam Delta province, Indonesia. AAPG Hedberg Conference, Jakarta 2009, Search and Discovery Article #50257, 5p. (Extended Abstract. Transgressive successions important component of M Miocene and younger stratigraphy of Mahakam Delta province and have considerable reservoir potential) Land, D.H. & C.M. Jones (1987)- Coal geology and exploration of part of the Kutei Basin in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: A.C. Scott (ed.) Coal and coal-bearing strata: recent advances, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 32, p. 235-255. (Survey of ~700 km2 of Miocene coal-bearing strata near Samarinda identified 1000 Mt of recoverable coal, ranking from lignite A to high-volatile C bituminous, in 43 seams 1.5- 13 m thick. Environments of deposition paralic. Section >3000 m thick, divided into four formations, Loa Duri, Loa Kulu, Prangat and Kamboja Fms. Coals low ash, high moisture and generally low sulphur) Larrouquet, F., A. Gautama & L. Moinard (2003)- Identification of initial gas net-pay in deltaic reservoirs using wireline acoustic measurements. Proc. SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf. Exh., Jakarta 2003, 80545-MS, 13p. (Acoustic method to distinguish gas from liquid in Mahakam Delta sand reservoirs) Lefevre, J.C., J. Collart, M. Joubert, J.L. Nagel & A. Paupy (1982)- Geological mapping and mineral exploration in North-East Kalimantan 1979-1982. Bur. Rech. Geol. Min. (BRGM) and Dir. Jend. Pertambangan Umum, BRGM Report 82RDM 007AO, p.


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Lefort, J.J., J.P. Thiriet, P. Le Quellec & J.B. Bailey (2000)- Sequence stratigraphy of the offshore Tarakan. AAPG Int. Conf. and Exhib., Bali 2000, 8 p. (Extended Abstract) (Regressive Upper Miocene- Recent series, with major sequence boundaries and tectonically enhanced angular unconformities. From W to E fluvial sediments pass into deltaic and shelfal deposits. Late Miocene rapid subsidence and active N-S growth faulting trapped deltaic sediments in downthrown paleo-troughs in W, whilst E part comprised sediment starved paleo-highs with marine shales and limestones. In latest Miocene W part tilted and truncated. Pliocene subsidence slower and growth faulting less active. In Bunyu area, delta was able to prograde E far towards paleo shelf-edge, since N-S trending paleohighs no longer present. Pleistocene subsidence rate high and NW-SE arches set-up by reactivation of old lineaments) Lemoy, C., A. Wahyudi & J. Luccioni (1988)- Detailed geological modeling and structural mapping in Bekapai Field: influence on the understanding of fluid movements and implications on oil recovery. Proc 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 33-47. (Bekapai field, offshore SE Mahakam Delta 1972 discovery, producing since 1974. Anticlinal structure with oilgas in Late Miocene- Pliocene deltaics) Lentini, M.R. & H. Darman (1996)- Aspects of the Neogene tectonic history and hydrocarbon geology of the Tarakan Basin. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 168-172. (Tarakan Basin one of three major Kalimantan Tertiary deltaic depocentres. Most production on dip oriented arches in mostly non-marine depositional environment. Forced regressions caused deposition of deltaic reservoirs far downdip in present day deep water. Tarakan Basin initiated simultaneously with formation of Celebes Sea by rifting between M-L Eocene and E Miocene on E-hading en echelon block faults. Increase in accommodation in M Miocene- Pliocene combination of subsidence and gravity-induced listric faulting. Diporiented arches formed during latest Pliocene- Recent transpression on wrench faults crossing Makassar Strait) Loiret, B. & J.F. Mugniot (1982)- Seismic sequences interpretation, a contribution to the stratigraphical framework of the Mahakam Area. Proc.11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 323-334. Loth, J.E. (1920)- Verslag over de resultaten van geologisch- mijnbouwkundige verkenningen en opsporingen in de residentie Wester-Afdeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie (1918), Verh. 1, p. 224-280. (‘Results of geological- mining reconnaissance in the West Borneo Residency’ With 1:500,000 geological map and cross-sections on 2 sheets. Most of area, from Schwaner Mts in S, with granites overlain by rel. Undeformed Cretaceous- Eocene sediments. In N WNW-ESE trending Semitau hills with folded deep-water Danau Fm shales with radiolarian cherts, unconformably overlain by less deformed, sandy Cretaceous (Cenomanian with Orbitolina and Senonian brackish-water Melawi Group). In far North near Sarawak border folded slates of unknown age. Rel. common Tertiary intrusives and volcanics) Lubis, T., D. Kurniawan & H. Ellen (2011)- Facies modeling of fluvial reservoirs in "M" Field, Tarakan PSC Block. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-156, 16p. (Mamburungan Field on SE Tarakan Island, NE Kalimantan, discovered in 1985; 30 wells drilled since. At least 80 stacked sandstone reservoirs in Late Miocene- Pliocene Tarakan Fm, fluvial-dominated in upper, delta-dominated in lower part. Facies analysis of sands from log suggest N-S channel orientations) Lumadyo, E., R. McCabe, S. Harder & T. Lee (1993)- Borneo: a stable part of the Eurasian margin since the Eocene. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 225-232. (Paleomagnetic studies suggest SE Borneo has been at present position since Eocene, and no large Tertiary counterclockwise rotation was observed) Macke, C.A.F. (1921)- Het voorkomen van ijzererts op de eilanden van de Poeloe Laoet groep en op de tegenoverliggende kuststreek van Borneo. Verslag. Meded. Dienst Mijnwezen 9, p. (‘The occurrence of iron ore on the islands of the Pulu Laut group and the adjacent coastal area of Borneo’) Macke, C.A.F. (1924)- Resultaten van het geologisch-mijnbouwkundig onderzoek in Zuidoost Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie, 50 (1921), Verhand. 1, p. 269-303.


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(Early geological-mining survey of area in SE Borneo: Pulau Laut, P. Sebuku and the Tanah Bumbu adjacent mainland of SE Kalimantan. Oldest rocks include serpentinized peridotites, gabbros and quatz-diorites) MacKinnon, K., G. Hatta, H. Halim & A. Mangalik (1996)- The ecology of Kalimantan. The ecology of Indonesia Series, vol. III, Periplus Editions, Singapore (also Oxford Univ. Press), 870 p. Magnier, P., T. Oki & L.Witoelar Kartaadiputra (1975)- The Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 9th World Petrol. Congress, p. 239-250. Magnier, P. & B. Samsu (1975)- The Handil oil field in East Kalimantan. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 41-61. (1974 discovery in S edge of Mahakam Delta. 11x4 km NNW-SSE trending anticline. Multiple stacked reservoirs, mainly tidal delta plain sands, now between 1400-2300m) Mamuaya, J.M.B., E. Biantoro & R. Gir (1995)- The trace of sandstone distribution of Q layers using seismic amplitude and inversion: a case study in Sangatta Field, East Kalimantan. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p.425-441. (Seismic interpretation of Q-zone distributary channels in Sangatta Field) Margono, U., Sutrisno & E. Susanto (1997)- Geologic map Kandangan sheet, Kalimantan, 1: 250.000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Marino & N. Sunarya (1992)- Aplikasi metoda geofisika pada studi Cekungan pembawa batubara Ketungau, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 2, 4, p. 9-20. (‘Application of geophysical methods to the study of the Ketungau Basin coal, Ketungau, W Kalimantan’) Marheni, L., R. Aditiyo, A.E. Putra & Esti Anggraeni (2009)- Tertiary tectonic of Barito Basin, South East Kalimantan, and implication for petroleum system. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang, PITIAGI2009-183, 12p. (Literature review; no new data) Marks, E., Sujatmiko, L. Samuel, H. Dhanutirto, T. Ismoyowati & B.B. Sidik (1982)- Cenozoic stratigraphic nomenclature in East Kutei basin, Kalimantan. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 147-179. (E Kutai Basin five deposystems: Pleistocene- Recent Mahakam Group (deltaic Handil Dua Fm to W, marine Attaka Formation to E); M Miocene- Pliocene Kampong Baru Group (deltaic Tanjung Batu Fm to W, marine Sepinggan Fm to E); M Miocene Balikpapan Group (uppermost carbonate to marine clastic Klandasan Tongue of Gelingseh Fm and paralic-deltaic Mentawir Fm); E-M Miocene Bebulu Group (carbonate Maruat Fm and deeper water clastic and carbonate Pulau Balang Fm) and Late Oligocene- E Miocene Pamaluan Fm) Marshall, A.J. & H.O. Schumann (1981)- Stratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of the Klandasan beds in the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 285- 295. (Thick M Miocene (N9-N12) Klandasan Beds predominantly quartz sands, deposited at S margin of Kutei Basin. Interval 2310’-7574’ in Bongkaran No. 1 selected as type section of the Klandasan Beds) Martin, K. (1882)- Begeleidende woorden bij een geologische kaart van Borneo, geteekend door Von Gaffron. Tijdschr. Koninkl. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 7, p. 16-22. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1882, Wet. Ged., p.) (‘Text accompanying a previously unpublished geological map of Borneo made by Von Gaffron’. S Kalimantan map showing traverses made between 1843-1848, apparently focused on mineral occurrences) Martin, K. (1888)- Ueber das Vorkommen einer Rudisten fuhrenden Kreideformation im sudostlichen Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1888, Wet. Ged., p. 72-80. (also in Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus., ser. 1, 4, 4, p.117-125) (‘On the occurrence of a rudist-bearing Cretaceous formation in SE Borneo'. Rel. poorly preserved molds of Cretaceous rudists, collected by Van Schelle in 'Patellina (=Orbitolina) marl' at Sebaruang River, a left


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tributary of Kapuas River (Danau Kloenten, Sungei Pangaringa, Sg. Limau Gulung, Sg. Djarikan). Identified as Sphaerulites and Radiolites. Age interpreted to be Senonian, but Umbgrove (1938) considered this to be Cenomanian) Martin, K. (1889)- Die Fauna der Kreideformation von Martapoera. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 18, Wetensch. Ged., p. 1-74. (also in Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus., ser. 1, 2, 4, p. 126-194) ('The fauna of the Cretaceous formation of Martapura’, SE Kalimantan) Martin K. (1889)- Versteinerungen der sogenanten alten Schieferformation von West Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 18 (1889), Wetensch. Ged. p. 75-85. (also in Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 1890, 4, p. 198-208) (‘Fossils from the so-called Old Slate Formation of West Borneo’. Rare molluscs collected from shales by Van Schelle in W Borneo 'Chinese districts'. Presence of Gervillea and Corbula probably indicate Cretaceous age, but subsequently (Martin 1898) deemed to be Early Jurassic in age. See also Newton 1903, Vogel ) Martin K. (1889)- Untersuchungen uber der Bau von Orbitolina (Patellina auct.) von Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 18 (1889), Wetensch. Ged. p. 86-108. (Early paper on mid-Cretaceous larger foram Orbitolina concavata, called Patellina in earlier papers. Collected by Van Schelle on Seberuang River, a tributary of Kapuas River, Central Kalimantan) Martin, K. (1898)- Notiz uber den Lias von Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, ser. 1, 5, p. 253- 256. (‘Note on the Lias of Borneo’. Follow-up on Krause (1897) discovery of Liassic rocks of W Kalimantan. New material collected by Wing Easton from shales-sands at Sungei Kerassiek near Sepang in Sambas also contained generally poorly preserved ammonite Harpoceras radians and bivalve Gervillia borneensis (already described by Martin (1889) possibly from same area) Martin, K. (1898)- Notiz uber den Lias von Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1898, Wet. Ged. 2, p. 33-36. (‘Note on the Lias of Borneo’. Same paper as above) Martin, K. (1898)- Die Fauna der Melawi-Gruppe, einer Tertiaren (Eocanen?) Brackwasser-ablagerung aus dem innern von Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1898, Wet. Ged. 2, p. 37-96. (also in Samml. Geol. Reichsmuseums Leiden 1899, ser. 1, 5, p. 257- 316) ('The fauna of the Melawi Group, a Tertiary (Eocene?) brackish-water deposit in Central Borneo'. Descriptions of brackish-fresh water molluscs from Melawi and Kajan Rivers area, collected by Wing Easton. Mainly species of Corbula, Cyrena and Paludomus, less common Arca melaviensis n.sp. Age indeterminate) Martin, K. (1899)- On brackish water-deposits of the Melawi in the interior of Borneo. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 1, p. 245-248. (online at www.digitallibrary.nl) (Molluscs collected by Wing Easton and Molengraaff in sediments of Melawi River area, Upper Kapuas, C Kalimantan, mainly fresh (Melania, Paludomus) or brackish water (Cyrena, Corbula), but also some shallow marine species. Age Tertiary, possibly Eocene) Martin, K. (1914)- Miocane Gastropoden von Ost-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, ser. 1, 9, p. 326-336. ('Miocene gastropods from E Kalimantan') Maryanto, S. (1996)- Neoformisma bioklastika batugamping Bebulu daerah Tenggarong, Kalimantan Timur. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 6, 62, p. ('Neomorphism of bioclasts in the Bebulu Limestone of the Tenggarong area, E Kalimantan'. Diagenesis of Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene limestone)


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Maryanto, S., Rachmansjah, T. Sihombing & S. Wiryosujono (2005)- Sedimentologi batuan pembawa batubara Formasi Lati di lintisan Lati, Berau, Kalimantan Timur. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 4, p. 33-48. ('Sedimentology of rocks below the coals of the (M Miocene) Lati Fm in the Lati section, Berau, E Kalimantan') Maryanto, S., Rachmansjah & T. Sihombing (2005)- Lingkungan pengendapan patuan pembawa batubara Formasi Warukin di Lintasan Kuala Kurun- Hulu Sungai Manyangan, Gunung Mas, Kalimantan Tengah. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 4, p. 64-81. (On 500m thick Miocene coal-bearing Warukin Fm in the Kuala Kurun, etc. section, Gunung Mas, C Kalimantan. Coals subbituminous with maximum vitrinite reflectance 0,52-0,55, 9-11% water, etc.) Maryanto, S. & T. Sihombing (2001)- Stratigrafi Paleogen daerah Kalimantan Selatan: kaitannya dengan keterdapatan batubara. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 26, p. 29-51. (’Paleogene stratigraphy of S Kalimantan’. Study of End-Eocene coal-bearing Tanjung Fm in SE Kalimantan. Max. thickness of coal seams in Middle Tanjung Fm is 340 cm, deposited in fluvial- delta plain facies) Masdja, M. & S. Sastrawiharjo (1988)- Geochemical exploration for uranium deposits in the Kalan area, Kalimantan. In: Uranium deposits in Asia and the Pacific; geology and exploration, Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, p. 229-238. Mason, A.D.M., J.C. Haebig & R.L. McAdoo (1993)- A fresh look at the North Barito Basin, Kalimantan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 589-606. (New opinions on Barito basin. Tanjung Field structure not young thrust fold, but long-lived anticlinal structure, first folding and initial trap formation in Early Oligocene and again in late M Miocene. Also PlioPleistocene tectonic pulse associated with Meratus Mts uplift, with opposing sets of thrust faults) Masatani, K. (1967)- Oil geology of East Kalimantan. J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn. 32, 4, p. 228-240. (in Japanese) McClay, K., T. Dooley, A. Ferguson & J. Poblet (2000)- Tectonic evolution of the Sanga Sanga Block, Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 84, p. 765-786. (Sanga Sanga Block four large fields in M-U Miocene deltaic sandstones, in NE-trending Mahakam fold belt, characterized by long, tight, faulted anticlines and broad synclines. Anticlines cored by overpressured shales and formed by reactivation of early delta-top extensional growth faults. Change from gravity-driven extension to contraction at ~14 Ma (Calvert 2003: ~10.5 Ma inversion event in Kutei basin tied to collision of BanggaiSula microcontinent with E Sulawesi, but had already started in E Miocene) McManus, J. & R.B. Tate (1976)- Volcanic control of structures in North and West Borneo. Proc. SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1976, 5, p. 1-14. (Volcanic and epiclastic rocks rel. widespread in N and W Borneo, and relationship between volcanism, fracture patterns and sedimentation) Milligan, E.N., M.C. Friederich & Meng Sze Wu Lim (1996)- Coal exploration and development in Southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 221-230. (Early 1980's exploration and development by BHP of Eocene coal in Pasir (Asem Asem) basin, E of Meratus Mts. Eocene coal measures remarkably uniform over area of 20,000 km2. Coal in one major interval in lower part of Tanjung Fm, total thickness ~13m, with thin bands of claystone. One thin (0.5-1.5m) but persistent coal horizon 50-100m above main horizon. One thin (1-6m) limestone bed rich in Discocyclina, 100+m above coal measures, could be traced over >100km in N-S direction) Mochamad, T. & Proyitno (1985)- Terrestrial heat flow in East Kalimantan, Indonesia; Barito, Kutei, Tarakan basins. Proc Session of the Committee for Co ordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP) 21, 2, p. 110-121.


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Moge, M. & F. Febvre (2001)- Integrated study of a complex deltaic sand reservoir. SPE Paper 68659, p. Mohler, W. (1943)- Palaeontology and stratigraphy of the Tertiary of SE Borneo. Chishitsuchosajo (Geol. Survey, Bandung) Report, 12 p. (Unpublished) Mohler, W.A. (1946)- Sigmoilina personata n.sp., eine Leitform aus dem Eocen von Sudost Borneo und Java. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 39, 2, p. 298-300. (‘Sigmoilina personata n.sp., an index species from the Eocene of SE Borneo and Java’. Small benthic foram) Mohler, W.A. (1946)- Uber das Vorkommen von Trocholina Paalzow in der Unterkreide von West-Borneo. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 39, 2, p. 300-302. (First report of small benthic foram Trocholina in SE Asia, from Lower Cretaceous of Seberuang River, Kapuas drainage basin, W Kalimantan. Associated ammonites described by Von Koenigswald 1939. Material collected by Zeijlmans 1939, who noted similarities of this material with Dusun Pobungo Cretaceous of Jambi, Sumatra) Mohler, W.A. (1949)- Uber das Vorkommen von Alveolina und Neoalveolina in Borneo. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 41, 2, p. 321-329. ('On the occurrence of alveolinid forams in Kalimantan'. Eocene Alveolina rel. common in NE Kalimantan, but not S of Sangkulirang Bay. Common in Lutetian, M Eocene (Ta), but not in Priabonian. Neoalveolina (N. pygmaeus group) first occurs at base of Tc/ Oligocene, commonly associated with Nummulites fichteli) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1895)- De Nederlandsche expeditie naar Centraal-Borneo in 1894. Handel. 5e Nederl. Natuur- Geneesk. Congres, 4, p. 1-9. (First summary report on 1894 Central Kalimantan geological expedition) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1900)- Geologische verkenningstochten in Centraal-Borneo. Maatschappij ter bevordering van het natuurkundig onderzoek der Nederlandsche kolonien, Brill, Leiden, 529p. + Appendix 56p. + Atlas 22 plates. (Text volume online at: http://openlibrary.org/works/OL7839000W/Borneo-expeditie) (‘Geological reconnaissance trips in Central Borneo’. Classic early work on Central Kalimantan geology) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1902)- Borneo-expedition. Geological explorations in Central Borneo (1893-94). English revised edition. Brill, Leiden, 2 vols., 529p. + Appendix 56 p. + Atlas 22 plates. (English version of Molengraaff 1900) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1909)- On oceanic deep-sea deposits of Central Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 12, p. 141-147. (online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl/proceedings/ ) (Danau Fm radiolarian cherts stretching E-W over distance of 650 km across N Central Borneo. Interpreted as deep oceanic deposits, similar to those forming at depths below 5000m at equatorial latitudes today. Age of Danau Fm oceanic assemblage is Jurassic- early Cretaceous according to Heryanto et al. 1993) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1909)- Iets over de rivieren van het eiland Borneo in verband met zijn geologische gesteldheid. Handel. Nederl. Natuur- Genneesk. Congres 12, p. 700-712. ('About the rivers on Borneo islands in relation to its geologicl condition'. In S half of Borneo all rivers drain from N to S, to Java Sea, in N half of island rivers drain W to E or E to W. Related to E-W striking fold trends in N Borneo, generally of Cretaceous age, while in S mostly granites, schists and Tertiary sandstones with no preferential strike directions) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1914)- Hoofdtrekken der geologie van Oost Borneo naar aanleiding der reizen van prof.dr. A.W. Nieuwenhuis en anderen.Verslagen Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Sectie, 1, p. 175-179. ('Main points of the geology of East Kalimantan, after voyages of Prof. A.W. Nieuwenhuis and others')


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Monnier, C., M. Polve, J. Girardeau, M. Pubellier, R.C. Maury, H. Bellon & H. Permana (1999)- Extensional to compressive Mesozoic magmatism at the SE Eurasia margin as recorded from the Meratus ophiolite (SE Borneo, Indonesia). Geodinamica Acta 12, 1, p. 43-55. (Meratus ophiolitic series records (1) Jurassic continental rifting episode along Paleo-Eurasian margin followed by ?Cretaceous backarc opening, as seen in peridotites and 2) M-Late Cretaceous subduction-related calc-alkaline magmatism. Ophiolitic series ultramafics (lherzolites and pyroxenites) with minor metavolcanics, typically enriched MORB to normal MORB types. Meratus peridotites fragment of subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Back-arc basin basalts also in metamorphic soles of peridotites, formed in back-arc basin now accreted to E margin of Eurasia and partly covered by calc-alkaline magmatism (Alino Fm). Ophiolitic series crosscut by Late Turonian-Senonian Manunggul Fm calc-alkaline melts) Monthioux, M., P. Landais & J.C. Monin (1985)- Comparison between natural and artificial maturation series of humic coals from the Mahakam delta, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 8, 4, p. 275-292. Monthioux, M., P. Landais & B. Durand (1986)- Comparison between extracts from natural and artificial maturation series of Mahakam delta coals. Organic Geochem. 10, p. 299-311. Moore, T.A. (1990)- An alternative method for sampling and petrographically characterizing an Eocene coal bed, Southeast Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, 240 p. Moore, T.A. & J.C. Ferm (1988)- A modification of procedures for petrographic analysis of Tertiary Indonesian coals. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 2, 3-4, p. 175-183. (Plant parts and tissues in SE Kalimantan Eocene coals classified on basis of morphology and degree of degradation. Highest concentration and best preservation of plant parts and tissues in banded coal) Moore, T.A. & J.C. Ferm (1992)- Composition and grain size of an Eocene coal bed in southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 21, 1-2, p. 1-30. (Eocene sub-bituminous coal from E of Meratus range, SE Kalimantan, composed of plant parts and tissues in matrix of fine-grained particulate and amorphous material. Absence of large (> 2 mm) plant material and roots in Eocene coal different from Miocene lignite and Holocene peat. Eocene coal formed from palm- fern flora, which easily degrades; younger lignite- peat from woody angiosperms more resistant to decay) Moore, T.A., J.C. Ferm & G.A. Weisenfluh (1990)- Relationship of megascopic coal types to quality variation within Eocene-age, Indonesian coal beds. Int. J. Coal Geol. 16, p. 147-149. (Mineable deposits (>1 m) of Eocene subbituminous-A rank coal in SE Kalimantan variable quality. Occur in podlike bodies ~3×3 km in areal extent. Four major types. Bright coal types low in ash (6-14%). Bright, banded coal types composed of well-preserved plant tissues (20-35%) and moderately high HGI (35-38). Bright, nonbanded coal lower of preserved plant structures (<15%) and lower HGI (30-35). Dull coal types higher ash (15-35%) and HGI (35-40). Sulfur content highest at top of coal beds, associated with overlying marine and brackish water sediments. Thicker, unsplit portions of seams composed of bright, low-ash coal. Dull, high-ash coal types occur in thinner, split benches of coal body) Moore, T.A. & M.C. Friederich (2010)- A probabilistic approach to estimation of coalbed methane gas-inplace for Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, MGEI-IAGI Seminar, Balikpapan 2010, p. 61-71. (Preliminary study of Eocene and Miocene coal in Asem-Asem area indicates 253 BCF gas in place (P50)) Moore, T.A. & R.E. Hilbert (1992)- Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 72, p. 199-227. (Kalimantan Holocene and Miocene peats two types of organic material: plant organs/tissues and fine-grained matrix (cell walls and fillings, fungal remains, spores-pollen, resin). Some matrix material amorphous)


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Moore, T.A., J.C. Shearer & S.L. Miller (1996)- Fungal origin of oxidised plant material in the Palangkaraya peat deposit, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia: implications for 'inertinite' formation in coal. Int. J. Coal Geol. 30, 1-2, p. 1-23. (Palangkaraya extensive surface peat layer 0-6 m thick. Common oxidised plant material formed from fungal alteration) Morley, R.J. & H.P. Morley (2010)- Neogene climate history of the Makassar Straits, with emphasis on the the Attaka region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA10-G-208, 17p. (Reconstruction of M Miocene- Recent Neogene climate history of E Kalimantan, based on Quaternary Makassar Straits cores and Attaka field well samples, and compared to Natuna and Malay basins. Everwet tropical climate since Late Miocene. Some intervals with evidence for 100 ka eccentricity cycles) Moss, S.J. (1998)- Embaluh Group turbidites in Kalimantan- evolution of a remnant oceanic basin in Borneo during the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. J. Geol. Soc. London 195, p. 509-524. (Turbidites outcrops in NW Borneo: Embaluh Group in Kalimantan and Rajang Group in Sarawak. Previous interpretation of Late Cretaceous- Paleogene deep marine deposition and deformation in accretionary prism implies S-dipping thrusts, N-ward stratigraphic younging, existence of arc- trench system and deformation and metamorphism of turbidites. New fieldwork established S-ward stratigraphic younging in Kalimantan, no evidence for S-dipping thrusts, metamorphism and accretionary complex-related deformation. Bulk of RajangEmbaluh Gp postdates inboard subduction-related magmatism. Rajang-Embaluh Group turbidites formed in post-collisional foreland basin or remnant ocean basin. Lack of identifiable mountain belt and linked thrust system, and probable oceanic affinity of crust beneath Rajang-Embaluh Group basin favour latter) Moss, S.J., A. Carter, S. Baker & A.J. Hurford (1998)- A Late Oligocene tectono-volcanic event in East Kalimantan and the implications for tectonics and sedimentation in Borneo. J. Geol. Soc. London 155, 1, p. 177-192. N Kutai Basin rapid Late Oligocene (~25 Ma) cooling of Late Cretaceous sandstone, Early Miocene arc volcanism at 23-18 Ma, E-ward shift of W basin margin and inception of delta deposition along new basin margins. Elsewhere in Borneo also major Late Oligocene- early Miocene thrust imbrication and volcanic arc activity, possibly caused by Australia-Philippine Sea Plate collision, Neogene counterclockwise rotation of Borneo or initial impingement of blocks of S China origin with N Borneo- S Palawan) Moss, S.J. & J.L.C. Chambers (1999)- Tertiary facies architecture in the Kutai Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 157-181. (Kutai Basin Jurassic- Cretaceous basement ophiolitic units overlain by Cretaceous turbidite fan. Basin initiated in M Eocene, with rifting and likely sea floor spreading in Makassar Straits, producing fault-bounded depocentres, followed by sag phase sedimentation. Eocene depocentres variable sedimentary fills depending on position. More uniform sedimentation in later Eocene and Oligocene. Tectonic uplift along S and N basin margins and related subsidence of Lower Kutai Basin in Late Oligocene. Subsidence associated with high-level andesitic-dacitic intrusives and associated volcanics. Miocene, basin fill overall regressive style of sedimentation, interrupted by periods of tectonic inversion throughout Miocene to Pliocene) Moss, S.J. & J.L.C. Chambers (1999)- Depositional modeling and facies architecture of rift and inversion episodes in the Kutai Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-22. (Kutai Basin initiated in M Eocene in conjunction with rifting/ sea-floor spreading in N Makassar Straits. Sedimentary fill of Eocene N-S/NE-SW trending, fault-bounded depocentres varies with position relative to sediment source, palaeo-water depths and half-graben geometry. This contrasts with uniform sedimentary styles in Late Eocene and Oligocene. Late Oligocene ~N3 unconformity reflects uplift of C Kalimantan and extension Lower Kutai Sub-basin is associated with andesitic-dacitic intrusives and volcanics. Volcanism and basin margin erosion supplied large volumes of material eastwards, along with material from inverted Paleogene depocentres. Miocene regressive sedimentation, interrupted by Miocene- Pliocene tectonic inversions)


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Moss, S.J., J. Chambers, I. Cloke, D. Satria, J.R. Ali, S. Baker, J. Milsom & A. Carter (1997)- New observations on the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Tertiary Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 126, p. 395-416. (Kutai Basin opened in M-L Eocene in Borneo. Extensional faulting in foreland setting S of Late Cretaceous/ Palaeogene C Kalimantan fold belt with U Cretaceous granites. Paleogene stratigraphy basal conglomerates, shallow marine clastics and thick bathyal marine shales. Neogene stratigraphy dominated by deltaic clastics and carbonate platforms. Three Tertiary suites of igneous activity, variously interpreted as melting of orogenic root, extensional driven melting and/or subduction related melting. New model relates formation of Kutai Basin to opening of Celebes Sea and collapse of uplifted Late Cretaceous/Paleogene orogenic belt) Moss, S.J. & E.M. Finch (1998)- Geological implications of new biostratigraphic data from East and West Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, p.489-506. (New biostrat data from Cretaceous- Miocene of various parts of Kalimantan) Moss, S.J. & M.E.J. Wilson (1998)- Biogeographic implications from the Tertiary palaeogeographic evolution of Sulawesi and Borneo. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 133-155. Moyle, A.J., K. Bishoff, K.R. Alexander & H. Hoogvliet (1996)- Mt Muro gold deposit, Indonesia. In: Proc. Conf. Porphyry related copper and gold deposits of the Asia Pacific Region, Cairns 1996, Australian Mineral Found., Adelaide, p. 7.1-7.9. (On Mt Muro gold deposit in C Kalimantan) Munniks de Jong, W.D. (1915)- Aantekeningen over de Tidoengsche landen (Res. Z en O. afd. Van Borneo) bewerkt naar het rapport van W.D. Munninks de Jongh. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 42 (1913), Verhand., p. 22-35. (Summary of reconnaissance survey report by Munniks de Jongh in Tidung lands (NE Kalimantan- Sabah border area). Occurrences of steep hills of Eocene Nummulites limestone (some also with Pellatispira; Rutten 1915a, b). Older Sembakoeng beds are intensely folded shales and sands with bands of red radiolarite rock, similar to Cretaceous Alino Fm of SE Kalimantan Meratus Mountains. Rutten (1915) found fragments of this radiolarite in Eocene limestone) Murphy, R.W. (2002)- Throwaway lines on the petroleum geology of Borneo. SEAPEX Press 5, 2, p. 38-44. Murphy, R.W. (2002)- Crustal evolution of Borneo. SEAPEX Press 5, 6, p. 28-30. Murphy, R.W. & A.A. Morado (1998)- The structure of of Borneo (7 crustal cross-sections). SEAPEX, p. Nagasaka, M. (1978)- Exploration of the Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn. 43, 6, p.407-415. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/..) (In Japanese, with English summary. In response to rising Kuching High, large amount of paralic sediments deposited to East. Mahakam Delta at least two paleo-deltas in M Miocene-Pliocene. All oil-gas production from paralic sediments, 90% or more are from deltaic sediments. With generalized paleogeographic maps) Nainggolan, D.A. (2004)- Interpretasi gayaberat terhadap Cekungan Kutai Barat, dan struktur-struktur lain di Lembar Longpahangai dan Longnawan, Kalimantan Timur. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 14, 3, p. ('Interpretation of gravity of the W Kutai Basin and structures in the Longpahangai and Longnawan sheets, E Kalimantan') Nandang, H. & Wahyudin, M. (1994)- Reflectance gradient and shale compaction, their relationship to basin configuration during Early Neogene: a NE Kalimantan Basin reassessment, Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc., p. 927-942.


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Napitupulu, H. & Yulian B. (1987)- Kematangan batuan induk di lapangan Tapa- Pulau Bunyu.. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. ('Maturation of source rocks in the Tapa field, Bunyu Island') Nas, C. (1994)- Spatial variation in thickness and coal quality of the Sangatta seam, Kutei Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wollongong,Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 324p. Netherwood, R. & A. Wight (1992)- Structurally-controlled, linear reefs in a Pliocene delta front setting, Tarakan Basin, Northeast Kalimantan. In: C.T. Siemers, M.W. Longman et al. (eds.) Carbonate rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., Core Workshop Notes 1, Ch. 3, p.1-36. (Sceptre Vanda-1 targeted 90 m clean but cemented and partly shaly Pliocene? limestone. Four depositional facies: coral framestone, coral rudstone, argillaceous coral floatstone-rudstone and laminated silty claystone. Four cleaning-up cycles, representing sequences of reef-growth and progradation. None of cored limestones good reservoir potential) Newton, R. Bullen (1897)- On a Jurassic Lamellibranch and some other associated fossils from the Sarawak River Limestones of Borneo; with a sketch of the Mesozoic fauna of that island. Geol. Mag. IV, 4, p. 407-415. Newton, R. Bullen (1903)- Notes on some Jurassic shells from Borneo, including a new species of Trigonia. J. Molluscan Stud.. 1903, 5, 6, p. 403-409. (Jurassic rocks with molluscs known only from West of Borneo island: Sultanate of Sambas and W Sarawak. Initially described as Cretaceous by Martin (1890), subsequently determined to be Liassic. Description of new Jurassic fossils from Boedak, W Kalimantan, collected by McCarthy) Newton, R.B. & R. Holland (1899)- On some Tertiary foraminifera from Borneo collected by Professor Molengraaff and the late Mr. A.H. Everett and their comparison with similar forms from Sumatra. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 3, p. 245-264. Nila, E.S., E. Rustandi & R. Heryanto (1995)- Geologic map of the Palangka Raya Quadrangle, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Noeradi, D., B.P. Muritno, Sukowitono, E.A. Subroto & Djuhaeni (2005)- Petroleum system and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Simenggaris Block and its surrounding areas, Tarakan Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: a new approach by using sequence stratigraphy. In: AAPG Int. Conf. Exh., Paris 2005, 6p (extended abstract) (Eight sequences/ sequence boundaries of Late Oligocene/Early Miocene-Pliocene age identified in W, onshore part of Tarakan basin) Noon, S.W., J. Harrington & H. Darman (2003)- The Tarakan Basin, East Kalimantan: proven fluviodeltaic, prospective deep-water and Paleogene plays in a regional stratigraphic context. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 417-430. (Tarakan basin four sub-basins Tidung, Tarakan, Berau and Muaras. Rift sedimentation underway by 43 Ma (M Eocene) and may have begun in Cretaceous. Rifting continued until tectonic event close to EoceneOligocene boundary. Basin sag and eustasy then controlled sedimentation until M Miocene. Episodic compression, punctuated by eustatic events, characterizes M Miocene- Recent. Neogene source rocks mostly coals and 'fluvio-deltaic, paralic' organic-rich shales. Reservoired oils in shelf settings point to mature Miocene source. Evidence for hydrocarbons from Eocene or older organic matter. Paleogene or older lacustrine, brackish and marine, syn-rift sediments)

Noventiyanto, A. & I. Wahyudi (2011)- How geochemical analysis led to a discovery: South Sebuku-1 case, Bengara I PSC, North East Kalimantan. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-360, 7p. (Sebuku-1, drilled by ARCO in 1976, had many hydrocarbon shows in Tabul and Meliat Fms. Heptane content in gas higher than many dry holes in other areas, suggesting leakage from nearby oil or condensate


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accumulation could be source of light hydrocarbons. Sebuku-1 well was drilled down-dip of N flank of S Sebuku structure. S Sebuku-1 well discovered deltaic reservoirs with gas-condensate in Tabul and Meliat Fms in 2009) Nuay, E.S., A.M. Astarita & K. Edwards (1985)- Early Middle Miocene deltaic progradation in the southern Kutai Basin. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 63-81. (Eastward prograding M Miocene delta system in Balikpapan area, driven by early M Miocene uplift. Source for well-sorted and rounded quartz-rich sediments probably sandstones of earlier progradational cycle derived directly from granitic Sunda shield. Age of base sandy series (“Omega’ horizon) near zone N8-N9 boundary. (Equivalent of E Java Ngrayong sst ?; HvG)) Nuay, E.S. & A.P. Kadar (1994)- Neogene bioevents in the Kutai basin, Sanga-Sanga contract area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: R. Tsuchi (ed.) Pacific Neogene events in time and space, Contributions to the West Pacific. IGCP-246, Shizuoka Univ., Japan, p. 87-100. Nugraha, R. H.C. & N.I. Basuki (2012)- Evidence of backstepping carbonate platform during Oligo-Pliocene in Landas Area, eastern tip Mangkalihat Peninsula, Eastern Borneo, Indonesia. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-016, p. 1-15. Nugroho, S.B. & D. Mandhiri (1993)- Reservoir modeling in the Bunyu Tapa gas field- an integrated study. Proc 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, p. 617-626. (same paper as Ramli, Nugroho et al. 1993, published by IPA) Nummedal D., Y.J. Partono, L. Greene, M. Boehm et al. (2000)- High-frequency sequence architecture in upper Miocene and Quaternary strata on the Mahakam Shelf, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1470-1471 (Abstract only) (Upper Miocene productive interval in typical Attaka well ~1325 m thick, subdivided in ~ 35 sequences, averaging ~38 m thick. Age of succession 10.7- 7.3 Ma (3.4 My), suggesting sequences may be Milankovitch 100 ky climate cycles. Sequences stacked in progradinging pattern. In some sequences, predominantly in lower part of sampled interval, clinoforms downlap onto TST and HST carbonates. 100 ky climate cycles also dominated Late Quaternary sedimentation on Mahakam shelf) Nurwono, P.T. (1978)- Producing gas-condensate and oil rim reservoirs from channel sands of the Badak field. Proc. 7th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 383-398. Oke, B., J. Keall, P. Carroll, R. Noble & T. Setzer (2004)- Zebra Prospect- reading between the stripes. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia and Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 429-441. (Pliocene amplitude drilled by Unocal off N Borneo encountered numerous thin, uneconomic gas zones) Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1930)- Verslag der diepboringen op het eiland Boenjoe. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 58 (1929), p.158-186. ('Report of deep drilling on Bunyu Island' Two 'deep' (500, 342m) wells drilled in 1923-1925 by geological survey on anticlinal structure with small gas seeps on S Bunyu, NE Kalimantan. Drilled with purpose of finding oil, and oil and gas shows were encountered, but stopped short of target. Also 7 shallow (125-235m) reconnaissance wells. Detailed well lithology columns show numerous coal beds) Orange, D.L., P.A. Teas, J. Decker, P. Baillie & T. Johnstone (2009)- Using SeaSeep surveys to identify and sample natural hydrocarbon seeps in offshore frontier basins. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 21p. (High resolution bathymetry and backscatter surveys heldp identify seafloor hydrocarbon seepage) Ott, H.L. (1987)- The Kutei Basin- a unique structural history. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 307-317. (Structural model, combining tectonic, gravitational and isostatic forces to produce present day structures)


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Oudin, J.L. (1987)- Diagenese de la matiere organique dans le bassin de la Mahakam. In: Geologie de la matiere organique, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, N.S., 151, p. 107-114. (‘Diagenesis of organic matter in the Mahakam Basin’) Oudin, J.L, B. Durand & M. Shoell (1985)- Migration of oil and gas in the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan; evidence and quantitative estimate from isotope and biomarker studies. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 49-56. Oudin, J.L. & P.F. Picard (1982)- Genesis of hydrocarbons in the Mahakam Delta and the relationship between their distribution and the overpressured zones. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 181-202. (Oil- gas fields in Mio-Pliocene deltaics with high % of organic material. Though mainly vegetal, good source potential for gas and oil. Oils from different reservoirs in Handil field similar composition, but lighter oils in shallower reservoirs. Distribution of oil and gas fields primarily depends on kinetics of hydrocarbon expulsion) Page, S.E., R.A.J. Wust, D. Weiss, J.O. Rieley, W. Shotyk & S.H. Limin (2004)- A record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene carbon accumulation and climate change from an equatorial peat bog (Kalimantan, Indonesia): implications for past, present and future carbon dynamics. J. Quatern. Sci. 19, 7, p. 625-635. (A 9.5m core from inland peatland in Kalimantan reveals organic matter accumulation started around 26,000 ky, providing oldest reported initiation date for lowland ombrotrophic peat formation in SE Asia) Palar, S., J.F. Bowen, A. Elim, K.P. Leger, B. Simmonds, G.C. Fryns, M. Hursey & Marwoto (1999)Sepinggan Field development: a cross-functional team effort to develop bypassed attic oil. SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf. Exh. Jakarta, 1999, 12p. Panggabean, H. (1991)- Tertiary source rocks, coals and reservoir potential in the Asem-Asem and Barito basins, Southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Wollongong, 224p. (online at: http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/2113/) (Late Paleocene- Early Eocene rifting in SE Borneo created the originally contiguous Barito, Asem-Asem and Kutei basins. Meratus uplift started in Late Miocene. Eocene and Miocene coals) Panggabean, H. (1999)- Paleogene sedimentary rocks and paleogeography in Northeast Kalimantan basins. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 9, 96, p. Panigoro, H. (1983)- Petrographic characteristics of Badak and Nilam field sandstone reservoirs. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 191-206. (E Kalimantan Badak and Nilam fields 140 reservoir sands between 4000’- 13000’. Sandstones quartz arenites and felspathic are main cementing agents, some carbonate and ferruginous cement also observed) Panigoro, H. (1989)- Exploration implications of porosity and permeability preservation by early migration of hydrocarbon in the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 1-15. (Wet sands generally tighter than hydrocarbon bearing ones, suggesting presence of hydrocarbons inhibited porosity-permeability reduction by diagenesis) Parkinson, C.D., K. Miyazaki, K. Wakita, A.J. Barber & D.A. Carswell (1998)- An overview and tectonic synthesis of the pre-Tertiary very-high pressure metamorphic and associated rocks of Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan, Indonesia. Island Arc 7, p. 184-200. (High-P metamorphic rocks common in Cretaceous accretionary complexes of Java, Sulawesi, SE Kalimantan. Many occur as imbricate slices of carbonate, quartzose and pelitic schists of shallow marine or continental margin parentage, interthrust with subordinate basic schists and serpentinite. Predominantly low-intermediate metamorphic grade, with K-Ar ages of 110-120 Ma. Metamorphic rocks from greater depths (>60 km) sporadically exposed, usually as tectonic blocks. Metamorphic rocks probably recrystallized in N-dipping subduction zone at Sundaland craton margin in Early Cretaceous. Exhumation may have been facilitated by collision of Gondwanan continental fragment with Sundaland margin at ~120-115 Ma)


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Partono, Y.J. (1992)- Low-resistive sandstone reservoirs in the Attaka Field. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 21-34. (Giant Attaka oil field in E Kalimantan reservoirs are M- L Miocene multi-layered deltaic- shallow marine sandstones. Both high-resistiveand low-resistive hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone layers are present) Passe, W.B.B., H.R.E. Nugraha, M.A. Wijaya, L. Sitio & Y. Febriyeni (2008)- Hydrocarbon play in KetungauMelawi basins. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IP08-SG-082, 9p. (Ketungau- Melawi intra-continental basins of W Kalimantan separated by Semintau Ridge. Semintau Complex ?Triassic metamorphic basement unconformably overlain by Cretaceous marine clastics, possible source rocks. Tertiary terrigeneous and marine clastics. Source rock in (Eocene?) Silat and Sekayak Fms. Reservoir rocks in deltaic sandstone of E-M Miocene (should be Eocene; HvG) Haloq Fm. Paleocurrent and provenance analysis indicate clastic source from N, from uplift of Boyan melange and Lubok Antu melange) Paterson, D.W., A. Bachtiar, J.A. Bates, J.A. Moon & R.C. Surdam (1997)- Petroleum systems of the Kutai Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 709-726. (M- Late Miocene delta plain- delta front coals and carbonaceous shales are source for Lower Kutei Basin oil and gas fields) Payenberg, T.B., S.C. Lang , G.P. Allen & R. Koch (1999)- Orientations of deltaic and alluvial channels in the Middle Miocene onshore part of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan and their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs. In: H. Darman & H. Sidi (eds.) Tectonics and sedimentation of Indonesia, 50th Anniv. Mem. Seminar, Indon. Sedimentologist Forum (FOSI), Spec. Publ. 1 p. 64-66. Payenberg, T.H.D. & A.D. Miall (2001)- A new geochemical sequence stratigraphic model for the Mahakam Delta and Makassar Slope, Kalimantan, Indonesia: Discussion. AAPG Bull. 85, 6, p. 1098-1101. (Discussion of Peters et al. 2000 paper, taking issue with using outdated cycle chart and undocumented sequence ages) Payenberg, T.B., F.H. Sidi & S.C. Lang (2003)- Paleocurrents and reservoir orientation of Middle Miocene channel deposits in Mutiara field, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia- sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology, SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, p. 255-266. (Mutiara field producing from M Miocene fluvio-deltaics. Main reservoirs channelized sandstones. Single-story channels overall flow direction to S, parallel to strike of anticlines, probably response to M Miocene tectonic activity. Multi-story incised valley(s) E-W orientation) Pelton, P.J. (1974)- Exploration of the South Barito Basin reef tract, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 153-169. (Barito basin exploration started in 1937 with unsuccessful NKPM Kahajan and Kuripan wells. Conoco 1971 drilled four more dry wells, targeting Upper Berai Fm carbonate buildups) Permanadewi, S. (1996)- Hasil pentarikhan Kalium- Argon dan jejak belah batuan gunungapi Pulau Laut: implikasinya terhadap evolusi magma Kalimantan Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 6, 63, p. 10-16. (Results of K-Ar and trace elements of volcanic rocks from Pulau Laut; implications for the magmatic evolution of S Kalimantan) Permanadewi, S. (1997)- Penarikhan Kalium-Argon batuan granitik daerah Kalimantan selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 7, 75, p. (K-Ar analyses of granitic rocks in the D Kalimantan area') Pertamina BPPKA (1996)- Petroleum geology of Indonesian basins. Vol 5- Tarakan basin, Northeast Kalimantan. Jakarta, p. 1-36.


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Peters, K.E., J.W. Snedden, A. Sulaeman, J.F. Sarg & R.J. Enrico (1999)- New deepwater geochemical model for the Mahakam delta and Makassar slope, Kalimantan. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petr. Assoc., p. 381-395. (New source model: (1) waxy highstand oils onshore from M-U Miocene coals and shales deposited in coastal plain highstand kitchens; (2) less waxy lowstand-1 oils offshore from M-U Miocene coaly source rocks in deepwater lowstand kitchens. Most lowstand-2 oils higher maturity than lowstand-1 oils and originated from LM Miocene coaly source rocks. (3) low-maturity, nonwaxy transgressive oils onshore from M Miocene marine shales deposited near maximum flooding surfaces) Peters, K.E., J.W. Snedden, A. Sulaeman, J.F. Sarg & R.J. Enrico (2000)- A new geochemical sequence stratigraphic model for the Mahakam Delta and Makassar Slope, Kalimantan, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 84, 1, p. 12-44. (Generally accepted geochemical-stratigraphic model for Mahakam-Makassar Straits fails to explain recent discoveries. Revised model upgrades potential of outer shelf. M Miocene source rock interval within oil window based on seismic reinterpretation and source specific kerogen kinetics. Two major and two minor petroleum systems recognized, dominated by terrigenous type III organic matter) Pieters, P.E., H.Z. Abidin & D. Sudana (1993)- Geology of the Long Pahangai sheet area, Kalimantan. Quadrangle 1716, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Pieters, P.E. & P. Sanyoto (1993)- Geology of the Pontianak/Nangataman Sheet area, Kalimantan 1:250,000., Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Pieters, P.E. & S. Supriatna (1990)- Late Cretaceous- Early Tertiary continent- continent collision in Borneo. In: T.J. Wiley et al. (eds.) Terrane analysis of China and the Pacific rim, Circum Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Earth Science Series, 13, p 193-194. Pieters, P.E. & S. Supriatna (1990)- Geological map of the West, Central and East Kalimantan Area, 1: 1000,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Indonesia. Pieters, P.E., Surono & Y. Noya (1993)- Geological map of the Nangaobat Sheet area, Kalimantan 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Pieters, P.E., Surono & Y. Noya (1993)- Geology of the Putussibau Sheet, Kalimantan 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (C Kalimantan map sheet, showing Permo-Triassic Busang Complex igneous and metamorphic rocks, overlain by folded Cretaceous Selangkai Gp sediments, unconformably overlain by near-horizontal Late Eocene sediments. In North Kapuas and Embaluh mélange with Danua ultramafics. Numerous Late Oligocene- E Miocene Sintang andesite intrusives, etc.) Pieters, P.E., D.S. Trail & S. Supriatna (1987)- Correlation of Early Tertiary rocks across Kalimantan. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petr. Assoc., p. 291-306. (Major unconformity at base Tertiary across Kalimantan. Basal Tertiary sandstone, dominantly terrestrial and dated as Late Eocene, overlain by mudstone, then sandstone/mudstone unit. Second unconformity truncates this sequence in W Kalimantan and is succeeded by overlapping terrestrial sandstone and Oligocene mudstone. Third unconformity confined to E Kalimantan is overlain by Miocene deltaic sediments. Elongate, W-trending basin filled by Early Tertiary sediments is folded and overthrust along N contact with orogenic complex by Ndipping thrusts. With 3 paleogeographic maps) Pireno, G.E., C. Cook, D. Yuliong & S. Lestari (2009)- Berai carbonate debris flow as reservoir in the Ruby Field, Sebuku Block, Makassar Straits: a new exploration play in Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-005, 19p. (Ruby Field Makassar Straits 1-4 wells) gas in re-deposited carbonates of Oligo-Miocene Berai Lst. Located in NW-SE trending W Makassar Graben, at S side of Paternoster Platform)


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Polhaupessy, A.A. (1998)- Palynology of Tanjung Formation, Rantau, South Kalimantan. In: Proc. 34th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Taejon, Korea 1997, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 35-39. (Palynology of two sections of Tanjung Fm at Linuh and Miyawa, E of Rantau, Barito basin. Contain Late Eocene-Oligocene assemblages of Florschuetzia trilobata, Retistephanocolpites williamsi, Meyeripollis naharkotensis and Verracutosporites usmensis. Depositional environment intertidal backmangrove vegetation system, in transgressive system) Polhaupessy, A.A. (2007)- Palynocycles of Late Eocene Formation: a case study in Tanjung Formation, South Kalimantan. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 2, p. 149-165. (Quantitative palynological study of Late Eocene Tanjung Fm in Asem-Asem basin, S Kalimantan, to determine cyclic patterns. Tropical assemblages. Diversity maximum at cycle boundaries, minimum in middle cycle) Posewitz, T.A.K. (1883)- Geologische Notizen aus Central-Borneo (das Tertiare Hugelland bei Teweh). Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 43, p. 169-175. ('Geologic notes from Central Borneo- the Tertiary hill country near Teweh'. Brief description of surface geology of upper Kutei basin near Muara Teweh. Common rel. hard sandstones, locally with plant fragments, overlain by marls and ~40m thick Nummulites- orbitoid limestone. Stratigraphy appears similar to Eocene of Pengaron (Barito basin). No figures/ maps) Posewitz, T. (1889)- Borneo: Entdeckungsreisen und Untersuchungen; gegenwartiger Stand der geologischen Kenntnisse, Verbreitung der nutzbaren Mineralen. Friedlander, Berlin, 385p. (Early overview of exploration, geology, mineral occurrences of all of Borneo Island, with first geological map. Few illustrations) Posewitz, T. & F.H. Hatch (1892)- Borneo: its geology and mineral resources. Edward Stanford, London, 495 p. (English translation of German original; online at http://books.google.com/.../Borneo.pdf) (First non-Dutch overview of late 1800’s state of knowledge of Borneo geology, coal and minerals) Posthumus, O. (1929)- Vischotolieten van N.O. Borneo. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 9, p. 87-108. ('Fish otoliths of NE Borneo'. Description of fish otoliths from Miocene- Pliocene samples collected in NE Kalimantan Bulungan and Berau areas by Leupold) Prasongko, B.K., S. Notosiswoyo, K. Anggayana & C.I. Abdullah (2007)- Cleat distribution controls on the sulphur content of the Miocene coal seam in the Palaran and Busui areas, East Kalimantan. Jurnal Tekn. Mineral (ITB, Bandung) 14, 3, p. 145-155. (online at: http://www.fttm.itb.ac.id/galeri/Cleat.pdf) (Correlation between cleat frequency and sulphur content in M-Lt Miocene coal of Busui area, Pasir basin, and Palaran Anticline, Kutai basin. Highest sulphur near fault zones. Coal seams associated with lower delta plain sandstones) Priadi, B (2010)- Kalimantan magmatic system. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. MGEI-IAGI Seminar Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, Balikpapan 2010, p. 187-190. (Eocene-Miocene magmatic products in Kalimantan calc-alkaline, subduction-related magmatism, correlated to subduction of S China Sea Plate, indicating time of collision of Luconia continental plate to NW Kalimantan. Miocene-Pliocene magmatism of potassic calc-alkaline affinity, indicating development of present subduction system. Tholeiitc within-plate magmatism characterizes of Pliocene- Recent magmatism) Priantono, T.S. & Raden Idris (1994)- Perkembangan submarine fan Eosen-Oligosen pada daerah BenderangTapian Langsat, Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 208-218. ('Eocene- Oligocene submarine fan deposits in Benderang- Tapian Langsat area, Kutai Basin, E Kalimantan')


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Priyantoro, A., E. Kusmana & A. Ruswandi (2010)- Facies characteristics of formation from the Upper Kutei sub-basin, East Kalimantan. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-189, 11p. (On the thick uplifted and exposed Upper Cretaceous- Paleogene section of Upper Kutai Basin. Fluvial Cretacoeus E Eocene, fluvial-deltaic to shallow marine M-L Eocene and shallow marine Oligocene deposits. Sandstones mainly quatz, but also feldspar and rel. common metamorphic rock lithics) Priyomarsono, Sumarso (1985)- Contribution a l’etude geologique du Sud-est de Borneo, Indonesia: geologie structurale de la partie meridionale de la chaine des Meratus. Thesis, Univ. de Savoie, Chambery, Trav. Dept. Sciences de la. Terre 5, 198p. (Abstract at: http://edytem.univ-savoie.fr/archives/lgham/priyomarsono-r-fr.html) (‘Contribution to the study of SE Borneo: structural geology of the southern part of the Meratus chain’. Oldest rocks M Cretaceous Alino Fm volcanic arc deposits (Pulau Laut and W Sulawesi transitional arc-forearc rocks). Radiolarians and Orbitolina gave M Albian- Cenomanian age; interbedded lavas K/Ar age ~92 Ma, granite ~97Ma. Cenomanian obduction of peridotites with metamorphic sole dated at ~145 Ma, possibly due to collision of unknown microcontinent. Unconformably overlain by Turonian- Senonian Manunggul Fm molasse with calc-alkaline volcanics dated between 87-72 Ma. Eocene (and older?) extensional grabens with paralic, then marine deposits of Tanjung Fm. Middle Miocene compression, tied to Sula-Sulawesi collision, formed most folding and uplift along E border of Meratus Mts. Neotectonic uplift phase caused additional, recent uplift) Priyomarsono, S. (1986)- Evolusi tektonik daerah Meratus dan sekitarnya, Kalimantan Tenggara. Proc. Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. (‘Tectonic evolution of the Meratus and surrounding areas, Kalimantan’) Priyomarsono, S & A. Sumarsono (1996)- Kontrol tektonik pada sedimentasi progading delta di cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 104-119. ('Tectonic control on prograding delta sedimentation in the Kutai Basin, E Kalimantan') Provale, I. (1908)- Di alcune Nummulitine e Orbitoidine dell‘Isola di Borneo. Riv. Ital. Paleont. 14, p. 55-80. ('On some nummulitids and orbitoidal foraminifera from the island of Borneo'. Late Eocene Nummulites, Discocyclina (called Orthophragmina) and Pellatispira (here called Assilina) from 'Oudjou Halang' in C Borneo, collected by Bonarelli. No locality maps or stratigraphy) Provale, I. (1909)- Di alcune Nummulitine e Orbitoidine dell‘Isola di Borneo (parte seconda). Riv. Ital. Paleont. 15, p. 1-34. (Second part of above Borneo larger foraminifera paper. Late Eocene- Early Miocene LF from SE, E and NE Kalimantan. No locality maps or stratigraphy) Pubellier, M., J. Girardeau & I. Tjashuri (1999)- Accretion history of Borneo inferred from the polyphase structural features in the Meratus Mountains. In: I. Metcalfe (ed.) Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion, Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 141-160. (Meratus Mountains area of Mid-Cretaceous ophiolite obduction (oblique, N-S directed collision) and separates Eocene Barito and Asem-Asem basins. W front high-angle thrust, E flank gentle East dip. Main Meratus uplift around E-M Miocene boundary, a remote response to Banggai-Sula collision. Two phases of Paleogene extension: N110E in Barito (Paleocene?) and N20E (Eocene; tied to Makassar Straits opening)) Purnomo, E. & R. Kodir (1992)- A new concept for hydrocarbon exploration in Bunyu Island, North East Kalimantan. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 147-160. Purwanto, T., R Haryoko, S. Martodjojo & Djuhaeni (1998)- Analisa sekuen stratigrafi resolusi tinggi daerah Sengatta Kaltim. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Sed. Pal. Strat., p. 78-90. ('High-resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis in the Sangatta area, E Kalimantan')


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Radke, M., P. Garrigues & H. Willsch (1990)- Methylated dicyclic and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oils from the Handil Field, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 15, p. 17-34. Ramdhan, A.M. & N.R. Goulty (2010)- Overpressure generating mechanisms in the Peciko field, Lower Kutai Basin, Indonesia. Petroleum Geosc. 16, 4, p. 367-376. (Peciko Field gas in multiple Miocene deltaic reservoirs. In deeper reservoirs gas trapped hydrodynamically by high lateral overpressure gradients. Top of overpressure below 3 km burial depth, below depth range for smectite to mixed-layer illite/smectite transformation. Gas generation and chemical compaction responsible for overpressure generation, contradicting previous interpretation of disequilibrium compaction) Ramdhan, A.M. & N.R. Goulty (2011)- Overpressure and mudrock compaction in the Lower Kutai Basin, Indonesia: a radical reappraisal. AAPG Bull. 95, 10, p. 1725-1744. (Overpressure at depths below ~3 km in Lower Kutai Basin generally attributed to disequilibrium compaction, but more likely to be controlled by chemical compaction/ cementation of mudrocks) Ramli, R., S.B. Nugroho, J. Bradfield & S. Hansen (1993)- Reservoir modelling in the Bunyu Tapa gas field- an integrated study. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 225-251. (Bunyu Tapa 1975 gas field on Bunyu Island, NE Kalimantan, reservoir sands deposited as distributary channel sands. Wells on W edge are on E flank of N-S trending anticline, close to gas-water contact, and separated from eastern wells by N-S trending normal faults) Ranawijaya, D.A.S., E. Usman, Y. Noviadi & K.T. Dewi (2004)- Paleoclimatology and sea-level changes of Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan, interpreted from integrated geological and geophysical integrated data. In: Q. He et al. (eds.) Proc. 41st CCOP Ann. Sess., Tsukuba 2004, p. 35-44. (online at: http://www.ccop.or.th/download/pub/41as_ii.pdf) (On evolution of Mahakam Delta in Late Quaternary. Four climatic events controlled sedimentation) Ranawijaya, D.A.S., E. Usman, Y. Noviadi & K.T. Dewi (2004)- Paleoclimatology and sea-level changes of Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan, based on geological and geophysical integrated data. Bull. Marine Geol. (Bandung), 19, 2, p. 41-58. (Same paper as above) Reksalegora, S.W., M.J. Hursey, N. Nurdiansyah, Sukerim et al. (2002)- Development strategy for a highly compartmentalized reservoir in the Middle Miocene Yakin Sandstone, East Kalimantan. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 671-680. Renaud, G.P.A. (1874)- Verslag van de kolenmijn Oranje-Nassau te Pengaron, Zuider en Ooster Afdeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 3 (1874), 2, p. 85-117. (‘Report on the Oranje Nassau coal mine at Pengaron, SE Borneo’. Mostly mining technical description and history) Rengifo, R., W. Priyantono, S. Perrier, A.I. Julius & R. Phasadaon (2012)- Tunu Main Zone, an innovative approach to integrate massive static and dynamic data into a Live 3D geological model. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-019, p. 1-12. (Reservoir model of Tunu giant gas-condensate field off Mahakam Delta, 75x15 km in size, with >800 wells. Few 1000 stacked independent gas reservoirs. Main zone reservoirs stacked fluvio-deltaic Miocene sands between 2000-5000m subsea. Best reservoirs channel sandstones, mainly E-W oriented) Rengifo, R., T. Yoga & I. Cibaj (2012)- Tunu shallow gas combine traps, from drilling hazard to massive successful development. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-020, p. 1-12. (Tunu giant gas-condensate field in front of Mahakam Delta, E Kalimantan, with 800 wells drilled so far. Shallow Pliocene reservoirs above 2500 m previously viewed as drilling risk, but recently identified as new production horizons. Two domains: W flank region mainly stratigraphic traps in local structures and sharp lateral boundaries and E crest area with more extensive reservoirs controlled by structure)


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Retgers, J.W. (1891)- Mikroskopisch onderzoek eener verzameling gesteenten uit de afdeeling Martapura, Zuiden Oost Afd. van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1891, Wet. Ged., p. 5-212. ('Microscopic study of a collection of rocks from the department Martapura, SE Kalimantan'. Petrographic description of rocks collected by Hooze. Mainly various schists, including glaucophane schist, all presumed to be of Precambrian age (more likely mid-Cretaceous; HvG)) Retgers, J.W. (1893)- Uber kristallinische Schiefer, insbesondere Glaukophanschiefer, und Eruptivgesteine im sudlichen Borneo. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal. 1893, 1, p. 39-43. ('On crystalline schists, particularly glaucophane schists and volcanic rocks in southern Kalimantan'. First record of high P- low T glaucophane schists from Meratus Mountains at Pengaron and further north, collected by Hooze. Also peridotites-serpentinites; little or no granite and true gneiss) Retgers, J.W. (1895)- Mikroskopisch onderzoek van gesteenten van de Oostkust van Borneo, verzameld door J.A. Hooze. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1895, Wet. Ged., p. 78-98. ('Microscopic study of rocks from the east coast of Kalimantan, collected by J.A. Hooze') Roberts, H.H. & J. Sydow (1996)- The offshore Mahakam delta: stratigraphic response of late Pleistocene-tomodern sea level cycle. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 147-161. (Late Pleistocene-to-modern stratigraphy of Mahakam Delta records a progradational continuum from falling stage in sea level, through initial rise, to modern highstand deposition. These results contrast with popular sequence stratigraphic concepts which predict that large, rapid sea level drops, typical of latest Pleistocene, should result in sedimentary bypass of the entire shelf) Roberts, H.H. & J. Sydow (1997)- Siliciclastic- carbonate interactions in a tropical deltaic setting: Mahakam delta of East Kalimantan (Indonesia). Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef symposium, 2, p. 1773-1778. Roberts, H.H. & J. Sydow (2003)- Late Quaternary structure and sedimentology of the offshore Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan (Indonesia). In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asiasedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology, SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, p. 125-145. (Alternating clastic deltaics and shelf carbonates reflect high-frequency cyclic sea level changes. Halimeda bioherms on ravinement surface during Early Holocene transgression. Below ravinement surface are fallingstage and lowstand fluvial- delta plain- incised valley deposits) Roberts, H.H., J. Sydow, J. Robalin & R. Fillon (2000)- A comparison of two Late Pleistocene shelf-edge deltas (Indonesia and Gulf of Mexico)- stratigraphic architecture, systems tracts, bounding surfaces, and reservoir potential. Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. 50, p. 361-367. (Comparison of N Gulf of Mexico (Mobile River) and E Borneo shelf (Mahakam River) Late Pleistocene shelfedge deltas. Both deltas constructed by falling-to-lowstand deposition associated with latest Pleistocene glacial maximum. Mahakam shelf falling-to-lowstand clinoforms downlap irregular surface of isolated carbonate bioherms built above transgressive surface formed during preceding sea level rise. NE Gulf of Mexico dominated by siliciclastic sedimentation) Robinson, G., N. Ratman & P. Senyaja (1996)- The accreted Meratus terranes Southeast Kalimantan. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 20, p. 35-56. (At least 3 terranes accreted to SE Kalimantan from E between Barremian-Aptian and end-Paleocene. Meratus Mts consists of number of W-dipping partly subducted slabs of pre-Aptian oceanic crust, with granite and marine sediments. Stratigraphy includes Aptian-Paleocene arc volcanics, Barremian-Aptian granite, AptianPaleocene marine sediments and slivers of high P-low T metamorphic equivalents of these rocks. Meratus Mts uplifted and partly eroded at end-Paleocene, followed by deposition of Eocene- Pleistocene sediments (much of this is not correct; HvG)) Robinson, K. (1987)- Thickness map of the petroliferous Tertiary sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia. Open-File Report U.S. Geol. Survey OF 87-0495-A, Reston, VA, 1 p.


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(Part of circum-Borneo region structure, isopach, paleogeographic maps series) Robinson, K. (1987)- Location map of major Tertiary sedimentary provinces and structural elements of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia. Open-File Report U.S. Geol. Survey OF87-0495-F. Robinson, K. (1987)- Palinspastic paleogeographic map of the Neogene sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia. Open-File Report U.S. Geol. Survey OF 87-0495-E, Reston, VA, 1p. Rodenburg, J.K. (1984)- Geology, genesis and bauxite reserves of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: L. Jacob (ed.) Bauxite, Proc. Bauxite symposium Los Angeles 1984, Am. Inst. Min. Metall. Petrol. Eng., New York, p. 603-618. Rosary, D., E. Sunardi, Yuniyanto & A. Krisna (2003)- Facies analysis of the Lower DR Sands, based on core and wireline log interpretation, Attaka Field. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-11. (Attaka Field 125 km NE of Balikpapan. Lower DR Sand in overpressure sequence at 10050- 10130’. Core and log data from 20 wells show deltaic depositional system, which could be divided into 5 coarsening upward units. Depositional environment interpreted as delta front and prodelta. Sand bars SW-NE orientation) Rose, R. & P. Hartono (1978)- Geological evolution of the Tertiary Kutai- Melawi Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 7th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 225-252. (Kutei basin and Melawi-Ketungau area connected in Paleogene, with Melawi-Ketungau area open to NW Borneo basin. Schwaner Block of SW Kalimantan and Kuching Arch of C Borneo yielded sediments throughout Tertiary. Paleogene deposition transgressive except in Melawi-Ketungau area where it was regressive. Greatest Kalimantan Paleogene carbonate development on Barito and Paternoster platforms. Isopach maps suggest Meratus range was Tertiary depocenter. Meratus graben Eocene- M Miocene sediments uplifted, folded and faulted in M-L Neogene. Obduction in Sabah area accompanied NW rotation which uplifted Kuching High and resulted in deposition of second generation regressive sediments to N and S and provided impetus for gravitational folds. Counter-clockwise rotation accomplished by M Tertiary. Late Neogene obduction of oceanic crust onto E Sulawesi partially closed Meratus graben) Rotinsulu, L.F., S. Sardjono & N. Heriyanto (1993)- The hydrocarbon generation and trapping mechanism within the northern part of Barito basin, South Kalimantan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 607-633. (Barito Basin two types of source rocks: Tanjung and Lower Warukin Formations shales and coals) Rowley, K.G. (1973)- Rehabilitation and development of Tarakan Island. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 217-220. (Pamusian Field discovered in 1905, cum. production 181 MBO from ~1100 wells, from reservoirs between 180’- 7000’. With history of Tarakan Island oil production) Rullie, S. (1982)- Pengembangan batubara didaerah Kalimantan Timur dan Selatan. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 129-142. ('Coal in the area of E and S Kalimantan') Ruppert, L.F. & T.A. Moore (1993)- Differentiation of volcanic ash-fall and water-borne detrital layers in the Eocene Senakin coal bed, Tanjung Formation, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 20, 2, p. 233-247. (Thin interbeds in Eocene Senakin coal bed, SE Kalimantan, are volcanic ash-falls and mixed volcanicsclastics, possibly related to volcanism between Kalimantan and Sulawesi) Rusmana, E.& P. Pieters (1993)- Geology of the Sambas/Siluas sheet area, Kalimantan 1:250,000, quads 13171417. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Geologic map of NW tip of Kalimantan. Includes in North Jurassic-Cretaceous Serabang melange complex with ultramafics, intruded by Upper Cretaceous Pueh granite. In South typical 'NW Kalimantan Domain' stratigraphy: Paleozoic-Triassic? metamorphics, overlain by very thick (>1500m) Late Triassic-Jurassic


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Bengkayang Gp clastics, overlain by Cretaceous Pedawan Fm, inconformably overlain by Paleogene Kayan Sst, intruded by numerous Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Sintang intrusives and also Pliocene Niut Volcanics) Rustandi, E., E.S. Nila, P. Sanyoto & U. Margono (1995)- Geological map of the Kotabaru Sheet, Kalimantan. 1:250,000, Quad 1812. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Map sheet of SE-most Meratus Mts, Asem Asem Basin and Pulau Laut and Sebuku islands. All areas with folded succession of ultramafic rocks (in E Meratus associated with 'amphibolite-garnet schist' and mid Cretaceous Kintap Orbitolina limestone olistoliths; on Pulau Laut overlain by basalt, silicified sandstones and radiolarian cherts), overlain by Upper Cretaceous Pitap Fm polymict clastics and Eocene clastics with coals. Oligocene Berai Lst covers much of Asem Asem basin. Overlain by Warukin Fm. Folding postdates Miocene Warukin Fm deposition) Rutten, L. (1911)- On Orbitoides of the Balikpapan Bay, East coast of Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 15, p. 1122-1139. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00013345.pdf) (Miocene lepidocyclinids (called Orbitoides here) from Balikpapan Bay area: star-shaped L. radiata/ L. martini, small L. sumatrensis and large species. Several new species proposed: L. acuta, L. flexuosa, L. polygona. Also new subgenus of E-M Miocene miogypsinids Lepidosemicyclina, with new species L. thecidaeformis and L. polymorpha. Locality map, but no good foram illustrations) Rutten, L. (1912)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 3. Eine neue Alveolinella von Ost-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 9, p. 209-224. (’Foraminifera from E Asia: A new Alveolinella from E Kalimantan’) Rutten, L.M.R. (1915)- Vier Eozanvorkommen aus Ost Borneo. Samml. Geol. Reichmus. Leiden, 10, p. 3-10. (‘Four occurrences of Eocene in East Borneo’. Description of rocks and forams collected by Munniks de Jong) Rutten, L. (1915)- Eocene orbitoiden en nummulieten van Paloe Laoet. Jaarboek Mijnwezen 43 (1914), Verhand. 2, p. 74-77. (Orthophragmina (=Discocyclina) omphalus and Nummulites bagelensis demonstrate Eocene age of marl formation above the sandstone- coal beds on Pulau Laut, SE Borneo) Rutten, L. (1916)- Foraminiferen-kalksteenen uit de Tidoengsche landen (Noord-Oost Borneo). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 44, p. 29-32. (‘Foraminiferal limestones from the Tidung Lands, NE Kalimantan’. Follow-up of Rutten (1915) description of Eocene limestones collected by Munniks de Jongh, with Nummulites bagelensis, N. javanus, Discocyclina dispansa, Alveolina. Sample from Sungai Apat also rich in Pellatispira, previously described as Calcarina) Rutten, L. (1917)- Modifications of the facies in the Tertiary Formation of East-Kutei (Borneo). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 19, 1, p. 728-736. (Online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (Observations on Miocene stratigraphy in East Kutei basin outcrops) Rutten, L. (1920)- Over het voorkomen van Halimeda in Oudmiocene kustriffen van Oost Borneo. Verslag. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 28, p.1124-1126. ('On the occurrence of Halimeda in Old-Miocene coast reefs of East Borneo'. Calcareous algae Halimeda rel. common in modern coastal reefs in E Indonesia, but rel. uncommon in Miocene limestones. Several E Miocene limestones from E Kalimantan have Halimeda, probably same as recent species H. opuntia) Rutten, L. (1921)- On the occurrence of Halimeda in Old-Miocene coast reefs of East Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 23, 1, p. 506-508. (online at www.digitallibrary.nl/ ) (English version of Dutch paper above)) Rutten, L. (1925)- Tertiaire gesteenten uit noordwestelijk Britsch Borneo en uit Beraoe (O. Borneo). Versl. Kon. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam 34, 6, p. 579-583.


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(' Tertiary rocks from British Borneo and from Berau, E Borneo'. Dutch version of Rutten (1925), below) Rutten, L. (1925)- Tertiary rocks from Northwestern Borneo and from Berau (E. Borneo). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 28, 7, p. 640-644. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015203.pdf) (Rocks from British Borneo include clastics derived from 'old rocks', with relatively rare limestones (described in more detail in Rutten (1925)). Berau rocks collected by Weber from N Sangkulirang from thick Early Oligocene- Miocene marl-limestone dominated section, with larger forams at several levels and with Old Neogene volcanics (described in more detail in Rutten (1926)). Many Tertiary rocks in Berau and British N Borneo have pebbles or sandy grains of ?Mesozoic radiolarite. No maps, illustrations) Rutten, L. (1926)- Over het voorkomen der Danau-formatie in Martapoera (Z.O. Borneo). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 35, p. 31-35. ('On the occurrence of the Danau Fm in Martapura, SE Kalimantan'. See English version below) Rutten, L. (1926)- On the occurrence of the Danau-formation in Martapura (S.E. Borneo). Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 29, 4, p. 524-528. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015300.pdf) (Many rocks described by Hooze (1893) as Cretaceous Waringin and Alino claystones are radiolarites and may be considered as equivalents of Molengraaff's Danau Fm Mesozoic radiolarian-rich deep water deposits from C Kalimantan. Conclusion questioned by Krol (1926)) Rutten, L. (1926)- Over Tertiaire, foraminiferenhoudende gesteenten uit Beraoe (Oost Borneo). Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 7, 4, p. 297-328. ('On Tertiary foraminifera-bearing rocks from Berau, E Kalimantan'. Oligocene and Miocene larger forams Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, etc. from widespread limestones in Berau region, NE Kalimantan, collected by Weber (NKPM) and Beucker Andreae. Most Tertiary clastic sediments contain rounded fragments of Mesozoic radiolarite, suggesting significant Pre-Tertiary uplift) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- Chapters 13-21 on the geology of Borneo. In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 191-310. (Review of geology of Borneo in Rutten's classic lecture series) Rutten, L. & C.J. Rutten-Pekelharing (1911)- De omgeving der Balikpapan-Baai. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen (2) 28, p. 579-601. (’The Balikpapan Bay area’. Brief geolographic- geologic description of area on E Kalimantan coast) Rutten, M.G. (1940)- On Devonian limestones with Clathrodicyon cf spatiosum and Heliolites porosus from Eastern Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet. 43, 8, p. 1061-1064. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017492.pdf) (E-M Devonian coral Heliolites porosus and possibly Silurian stromatoporoid Clathrodicyon cf spatiosum in dark recrystallized limestone, collected by Witkamp along Telen River (tributary of Mahakam R.), above confluence of Long Hoet, NE Kalimantan, in folded, low-metamorphic 'Old Slates', with nearby andesites. (NB: both taxa also reported from M-L Devonian of NE Thailand by Fontaine (1993). and may also be similar to Australian Mid-Devonian limestones from Canning Basin, Tamworth Belt, etc.; HvG) Rutten, M.G. (1943)- Over enkele Devonische fossielen uit Midden Oost-Borneo. Handel. XXIX Nederl. Natuur- en Geneeskundig Congr., Amsterdam 1943, p. 58-59. (‘On some Devonian fossils from Central E Borneo’. Brief note on Devonian coral and sponge fossils in Utrecht collection, collected by Witkamp (1927) in Telen River area, NE Kalimantan, in large area of 'Old Slates'. Rutten suggests Witkamp rocks are from 'Danau Fm', composed of isoclinally folded cherts, radiolarites, quartzitites (in other parts of C Kalimantan with Triassic Halobia and Monotis; Zeijlmans 1938), and greywackes, spilitic diabase and diabase porphyrites associated with (Permian) fusulinids. Telen location


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is ~200km NNW of Samarinda. Rocks belong to 'Borneo continental core- SW Borneo Terrane', as exposed in NW Kalimantan- W Sarawak, or part of accreted arc terrane?; HvG) Rutten, M.G. (1947)- De gesteenten der Midden Oost-Borneo Expeditie 1925. Geogr. Geol. Meded., Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Physiogr.-Geol. Reeks II, 9, p. 1-51. ('The rocks of the Central East Borneo Expedition'. Geological results of 1925 geographic expedition and descriptions of rocks collected by Witkamp, now at Utrecht University. Gently folded Tertiary sediments in S part, isoclinally folded, radiolarian-rich pre-Tertiary Danau Fm in North. Diorites emplaced in Danau Fm. Local Late Tertiary volcanics. With descriptions of Devonian coral and stromatoporoid, Eocene (Ta) Nummulites- alveolinid limestones, also rare Pellatispira, Miocene larger foraminifera, etc.) Sadirsan, W.S., D.N. Imanhardjo & T.W. Kunto (1994)- The ancient Sangatta delta: new insight to the Middle Miocene Northern Kutai Basin deltaic systems, East Kalimantan. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 45-55. (M Miocene deltaics in Sangatta Field suggest Sangatta delta system separate from Mahakam Delta to S) Safarudin & M.H. Manulang (1989)- Trapping mechanism in Mutiara Field, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 399- 421. (Huffco Mutiara field combination structural- stratigraphic trap of N-S trending M-L Miocene delta sandstones draped over NE-SW trending anticline) Saib, M.D. & B.H. Suwandi (1991)- Interpretation of overpressured zone in Tunu field using Eaton formula and sonic log data. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Energy Min. Res., p. 61-85. Saito, K., R.D. Nurim & T. Uchiyama, (1988)- Sedimentological and geometrical analysis of sandstones in Pamaguan Field, Kutei Basin- case study Indonesia. World Oil, July 1987, p. 43-46. Saller, A., R. Armin, L.O. Ichram & C. Glenn-Sullivan (1992)- Sequence stratigraphy of Upper Eocene and Oligocene limestones, Teweh area, Central Kalimantan. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 69-92. (Four major latest Eocene- Oligocene depositional sequences in Teweh area, straddling Barito Platform- Kutai basin. Each sequence 200-500m thick. During sequences 2-4 carbonate shelf in S part Teweh area, basinal shales to N. Overall deepening- backstepping of facies (to S or interior of platform). No evidence for ‘global’ 29-30 Ma mid-Oligocene Haq et al. 1987 sea level drop, which must either be of less magnitude, or different time. Looks like solid biostratigraphic and Sr-isotope age control, but little supporting data included) Saller, A., R. Armin, L.O. Ichram & C. Glenn-Sullivan (1993)- Sequence stratigraphy of aggrading and backstepping carbonate shelves, Oligocene, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: R.G. Loucks & J.F. Sarg (eds.) Carbonate sequence stratigraphy: recent developments and applications. Mem. Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. 57, p. 267-290. Saller, A. & I.N.W. Dharmasamadhi (2012)- Controls on the development of valleys, canyons, and unconfined channel-levee complexes on the Pleistocene slope of East Kalimantan. Marine Petrol. Geol. 29, 1, p. 15-34. (Contrasting depositional patterns on Pleistocene deepwater slopes of offshore E Kalimantan: (1) in N dominated by deep valleys and canyons (relatively ‘starved’ for siliciclastic sediment); (2) central slope dominated by unconfined channel-levee complexes (large amounts of sediments from Mahakam Delta during Pleistocene lowstands)) Saller, A., I.N.W. Dharmasamadhi, T.Lilburn & R.Earley (2010)- Seismic geomorphology of submarine slopes; channel-levee complexes versus slope valleys and canyons, Pleistocene, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: L.J. Wood, T.T. Simo & N.C. Rosen (eds.) Seismic imaging of depositional and geomorphic systems, Gulf Coast Sect. SEPM, Ann. Perkins Research Conf. 30, Houston, p. 433-471 (3-D seismic images of Pleistocene slope channels off Mahakam Delta. Channel-levee complexes developed where sediment supply was high; erosional channels whre siliciclastic input rel. low)


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Saller, A.H., J.T. Noah, J.C. Waugaman & A.P. Ruzuar (2002)- Sequence stratigraphy of isolated carbonate buildups in a deltaic province, Kutei Basin, east Kalimantan, Indonesia. AAPG Ann. Conv, Expanded Abstracts p. 153. (Abstract only) (Kutei basin dominated by clastic deposition, but isolated carbonate buildups also common in Lower Oligocene- Holocene. Buildups accumulated during transgressions, preferentially on structural highs and margins of lowstand deltas. Outer shelf buildups that grew during single seismic-scale sequence typically 100 m thick, 5 km long, 1 km wide. Thicker buildups consist of stacked sequences. Carbonate buildups drowned due to rapidly rising sea level and/or nutrient poisoning associated with approaching deltas) Saller, A., J.T. Noah, A.P. Ruzuar & R. Schneider (2004)- Linked lowstand delta to basin-floor fan deposition, offshore Indonesia; an analog for deep-water reservoir systems. AAPG Bull. 88, 1, p. 21-46. (Offshore E Kalimantan seismic reflectors traced downslope from lowstand delta to basin-floor fan in last three Pleistocene cycles (each 110 k.y. in duration). During sea level lowstand at ~240 ka, delta prograded over previous shelf edge and sand-rich sediments spilled onto slope. Slope canyon connects 240-ka lowstand delta to coeval basin-floor fan. Canyon fill lower amalgamated channel complex and upper channel-levee complex. Lower part of basin-floor fan broad lobes with relatively continuous reflectors. Higher part sinuous channellevee complex that prograded over lower fan and fed sheetlike lobes on outermost fan. Lowstand strata do not onlap slope but extend from last clinoforms of lowstand deltas) Saller, A., S.W. Reksalegora & P. Bassant (2010)- Sequence stratigraphy and growth of shelfal carbonates in a deltaic province, Kutai Basin, Offshore East Kalimantan. In: W.A. Morgan, A.D. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 147-174. (Kutai Basin Neogene dominated by deltaics, but carbonates also common. Carbonate-siliciclastic interactions studied in U Pleistocene and U Miocene-Pliocene off N Mahakam delta. U Pleistocene carbonates on siliciclastic shelf margins during ~ 110 kyr eustatic cycles. Carbonates also in two sequences in uppermost Miocene and lower Pliocene. Mio-Pliocene carbonate buildups on shelf margin ~255 m thick, 5 km long, 1 km wide and composed largely of bioclastic packstone and grainstone. Most Mio-Pliocene shelf-margin buildups filled with water, probably because overlying siliciclastics do not seal) Saller, A. & S. Vijaya (2002)- Depositional and diagenetic history of the Kerendan carbonate platform, Oligocene, central Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Petrol. Geol. 25, p. 123-150. (Kerendan Berai Lst platform 11x16 km in W Kutei Basin. Aggradation during Oligocene transgression, contemporaneous with aggradation- backstepping of Barito shelf margin. ~1,000 m thick, three aggrading seismic sequences. Carbonate deposition started in Late Eocene, ended by drowning in Late Oligocene (~28.6 Ma). Three areas (1) platform interior/ lagoon wackestone-packstones with porosities <5%; (2) raised platform rim, 1-2 km wide, with wacke-, pack-, grain- and boundstones, with grainstones increasing toward platform margin. Greater porosity (5-13%) than platform interior because more grainstone and more dissolution by acidic waters from compacting basinal shales near platform margin; (3) platform margin and slope) Samson, P., T.D. Rochette & M. Lescoeur (2005)- Peciko geological modelling: optimizing fluid distribution and model resolution of a giant gas field in a shale-dominated deltaic environment. Proc. Asia-Pacific Oil & Gas Conf. Exh., Jakarta 2005, SPE 93253, p. 1-10. (Geologic model of Peciko field, SE part of Mahakam Delta. Reservoir sands mainly distributary mouth bars, triangular in outline, and limited extent (1.5- 4.5 km wide, 1-3m thick). Diagrams of distributary mouth bars. See also below) Samson, P., T.D. Rochette, M. Lescoeur & P. Cordelier (2005)- Peciko geological modelling: possible and relevant scales for modelling a complex giant gas field in a mudstone dominated deltaic environment. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 345-354. (Geologic model of large (250 km2) Peciko field, SE of Mahakam Delta. Complex geology, mud- dominated deltaic reservoir section with 2000 m of gross gas column in tens of reservoirs. Total of 96 deltaic cycles) Samuel, L. (1980)- Relation of depth to hydrocarbon distribution in Bunyu. Island, N.E. Kalimantan. Proc. 9th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 417-432.


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(Geothermal gradients on Bunyu Island average 4.28°/100 m, ranges 3.68- 5.28°C/100m. Maturation studies indicate present subsurface temperatures maximal in history of deltaic Late Miocene- Pleistocene sediments) Samuel, L. & S. Muchsin (1975)- Stratigraphy and sedimention in the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 27-39. Santoso, B. & B. Daulay (2005)- Type and rank of selected Tertiary Kalimantan coals. Indon. Mining J. 8, 2, p. 1-12. Santoso, B. & B. Daulay (2006)- Geologic influence on quality of selected Tertiary Barito coals. Indon. Mining J. 9, 5, p. 14-22. Santoso, B. & B. Daulay (2006)- Geologic influence on type and rank of selected Tertiary Barito coal, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: C. Chou et al. (eds.) Abstracts 23rd Ann. Mtg. Soc. Organic Petrology, Beijing 2006, p. 214-216. Santoso, B. & B. Daulay (2006)- Importance of organic petrology to type and rank of Mocene Asem-Asem coal- South Kalimantan. Indon. Mining J. 11, 12, p. 1-10. (Coal petrography of 34 samples from Miocene Warukin Fm. Coals composed mainly of vitrinite with subordinate liptinite, low inertinite, and very low mineral content. Vitrinite reflectance 0.25-0.46% (brown coal- sub-bituminous rank)) Santoso, B. & B. Daulay (2006)- Geologic and petrographic aspects for coal exploration in Sangatta- East Kalimantan. Indon. Mining J. 12, 13, p. 10-22. (Miocene coals in folded Balikpapan Fm of Sangatta area, Kutai Basin. Mean vitrinite reflectance Rv 0.480.63% (brown coal- subbituminous rank), locally altered by intrusives to semi-anthracite (Rv 1.87%). Coal rank increases from E to W towards Meratus Range and Kuching Highs due to increase in sediment cover in W. Coals composed mainly of vitrinite, with subordinate liptinite, low inertinite and mineral matter, indicative of humid tropical forest vegetation without significant dry season) Sanyoto, P. (1992)- The stratigraphy and structure in the Semitau area; evidence for compressional tectonics in the Late Oligocene- Early Miocene. In: 29th Int. Geol. Congr., Kyoto 1992, Abstracts, p. 433. Sanyoto, P. (1993)- Regional tectonics of West Kalimantan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 1, p. 136. (Abstract only) Sanyoto, P. & R. Sukamto (2000)- Perkembangan tektonik. In: U. Hartono, R. Sukamto et al. (eds.) (2000)Evolusi magmatik Kalimantan Selatan, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 23, p. 85-117. (Review of Meratus Mountains tectonics) Sapiie, B., A. Pamumpuni & M. Hadiana (2008)- Balancing cross-section and sandbox modeling of Satui foldthrust-belt, Asem-Asem Basin, South Kalimantan. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA08-G-151, 19 p. (NW-SE directed shortening in Asem-Asem basin at SE side of Meratus Range. Late Miocene deformation of Eocene coal-bearing sediments related to major uplift of Meratus Mountains. More than 24% shortening in mine area) Sardjono, S. & L. Rotinsulu (1992)- The hydrocarbon generation and trapping mechanism within the northern part of Barito Basin, South Kalimantan. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 131-146. Sarmili, L. (1997)- Indikasi mineral kasitarit dan mineral berat lainnya di perairan Kalimantan Barat dan sekitarnya. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Sumber Daya Min. Energi, p. 254-262. ('Indications of cassiterie and other heavy mineral in waters of W Kalimantan')


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Sarmili, L. (1998)- Surficial cassiterite deposits dispersal in southwest Kalimantan waters. Bull. Marine Geology, Bandung, 13, 2, p. 1-8. (similar to paper below) Sarmili, L. (1999)- Submarine cassiterite in southwest Kalimantan waters. In: Proc. 35th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Subic Bay 1998, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 93-102. (Discovery of cassiterite anomalies in W Kalimantan waters, indicating tin placers may form not only near Banka and Belitung islands but also off Kalimantan. Shallow seismic data and strong magnetic anomalies indicate granitic intrusions close to surface, interpreted as source of cassiterite. Granites of Bangka-Belitung are part of Main granite tin belt whereas W Kalimantan intrusions belong to Anambas-Natuna granitic belt). Sastratenaya, A.S. (1991)- Deformation et mobilite du megaprisme tectonique de Pinoh-Sayan, Kalimantan, Indonesie. Doct. Thesis, Universite de Strasbourg, 188 p. (‘Deformation and mobility of the Pinoh-Sayan tectonic mega-prism, Kalimantan’. Kalan sector of PinohSayan uranium exploration area on N side of Schwaner Mts. Basement Permo-Carboniferous metasediments, intruded by E Cretaceous tonalite and Late Cretaceous monzogranites, unconformably overlain by Tertiary Melawi Fm continental deposits. Tectonic phases: (1) Triassic folding and schistosity development; (2) Jurassic-Upper Cretaceous 65° CCW rotation of pre-existing structures along major NE-SW Kalan lineament, characterized by folding of schistosity and development of large sinistral WSW-ENE shear zone; (3) EndCretaceous- Miocene reactivation of the above two main features, causing lateral expulsion of “tectonic megaprism” formed by these features, while fore-land cover is folded) Satyana, A.H. (1994)- The northern massifs of the Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan: nature, evolution, and tectonic implications to the Barito structures. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 457-470. (Basement outcrops N of main Meratus Range contain similar Cretaceous subduction complex rocks and granodiorite. Form series of East-vergent thrusts, i.e. opposite direction of W-vergent main Meratus Range) Satyana, A.H. (1995)- Paleogene unconformities in the Barito Basin, Southeast Kalimantan: a concept for the solution of the "Barito dilemma" and a key to the search for Paleogene structures. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 263-275. (Barito basin only 4 commercial discoveries, all in NE part of basin. Multiple unconformities and young inversion. Suggests fields are preserved paleo-traps not affected by young structuring) Satyana, A.H. (1996)- Adang-Lupar Fault, Kalimantan: controversies and new observations on the TransKalimantan megashear. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 3, p. 124-143. (Major WNW-ESE fault zone across Kalimantan, from Natuna to Makassar Straits) Satyana, A.H. (2010)- Geodynamic origins of Kalimantan sedimentary basins. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok 2010, 8 p. (Sedimentary basins of Kalimantan prolific for petroleum and coal deposits. Paleogene geologic evolution of SE Asia strongly controlled by escape tectonics due to collision of India to Eurasia in M Eocene. TransKalimantan Lupar-Adang-Paternoster strike slip fault, opening of Makassar Strait and opening of S China Sea responsible for formation of sedimentary basins in Kalimantan-Borneo) Satyana, A.H. & C. Armandita (2008)- On the origin of the Meratus Uplift, Southeast Kalimantan- tectonic and gravity constraints: a model for exhumation of collisional orogen in Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geophys. (HAGI), Bandung 2008, 4 p. (Meratus Mts is collisional suture marking E-M Cretaceous collision of Schwaner and Paternoster continents. Presently, mountains are basement uplift separating Barito from Asem-Asem and Pasir Basins. Lack of gravity and magnetic expression of ultramafics suggests Meratus Mts are ‘rootless’, composed of thin allochthonous oceanic slab, exhumed in Late Cretaceous due to buoyancy of thick subducted Paternoster continent after oceanic front broke off. Lack of deformation on seismic data from S Makassar Strait and Paternoster terrane


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oppose common view that micro-continents colliding with E Sulawesi propagated their tectonic forces W-wards and uplifted Meratus Mts) Satyana, A.H. & E. Biantoro (1996)- Seismic stratigraphy of Eocene Beriun sands of West Bungalun, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: a contribution to the Palaeogene stratigraphical knowledge of the Kutai Basin. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence Stratigraphy in SE Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 383-393. (Kutei Basin up to 12,000 m of sediments. Early Eocene- E Oligocene generally transgressive sequences. Eocene NE Kutei W Bungalun area Beriun reservoir-quality sands equivalent to hydrocarbon-bearing Tanjung sands of Banto Basin. At least three seismic stratigraphic sequences. Deposition affected by growth faulting. Interpreted as fan delta deposits in extensional tectonic regime) Satyana, A.H. & H. Darman (2000)- Kalimantan. In: H. Darman & F.H.Sidi (eds.) Outline of the geology of Indonesia, Chapter 5, Indonesian Association of Geologists, Jakarta, p. 69-90. Satyana, A.H. & R. Idris (1996)- Chronology and intensity of Barito uplifts, Southeast Kalimantan: a geochemical constraint and windows of opportunity. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 207. (Poster Abstract) (Barito Basin Paleogene mainly extensional deformation. Uplift and inversion of extensional structures starting in Miocene and continuous today. Five uplift events during the Tertiary: M Eocene, E-M Oligocene, late Oligocene- E Miocene, M Miocene and Late Miocene- Pleistocene. First two uplift episodes interrupted Paleogene extension. Late Miocene- Pleistocene uplift was major uplift event (~1,200 m). Oligo Miocene uplift relatively minor (~50 m)) Satyana A.H., D. Nugroho & I. Surantoko (1999)- Tectonic controls on the hydrocarbon habitats of the Barito, Kutei and Tarakan Basins, Eastern Kalimantan, Indonesia: major dissimilarities in adjoining basins. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, 1-2, p. 99-122. (Barito, Kutei, and Tarakan Basins different Tertiary tectonic styles. Barito Basin initial transtension followed by transpression. NE structures increasingly imbricated towards Meratus Mts and involve basement. W and SE Barito Basin weakly deformed. Kutei Basin dominantly tight NNE-SSW trending anticlines, forming Samarinda Anticlinorium in E. Deformation less intense offshore. M Miocene- Recent growth suggested by thinning over structures. W basin area uplifted. Tarakan Basin NNE-SSW normal faults, formed on older NW-SE trending folds and normal to direction of sedimentary thickening, suggesting growth-faults. Onshore older N-S trending folds from collision of Central Range terranes to W of basin. Barito Basin fields in W-verging faulted anticlines. Tarakan Basin NW-SE anticlines with main producing pools in downthrown blocks of faults) Satyana, A.H., M.E.M. Purwaningsih & M. Imron (2000)- Eocene coals of the Barito Basin, Southeast Kalimantan: sequence stratigraphic framework and potential for sources of oil. Berita Sedimentologi (Indon. Forum Sedim., FOSI) 17, p. 14-21, 26. (Barito Basin M Eocene synrift- postrift Lower Tanjung Fm clastics 7 sequences. Coals in three sequences of postrift phase, with most regional and thickest coal seams in transition between synrift- postrift phases. Coals deposited in paralic to upper deltaic settings in various systems tracts. Coals TOC 44-73 %, hydrogen index (HI) 285-567 mgHC/gTOC and hydrogen to carbon ratio (H/C) of 0.87-1.18, showing coals are liptinitic and can generate oil. Carbon isotopes and biomarkers show Tanjung Fm coals sourced Tanjung field oil) Satyana, A.H. & P.D. Silitonga (1993)- Thin-skinned tectonics and fault-propagation folds: new insights to the tectonic origin of Barito folds, South Kalimantan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. 282-291. (Barito Basin foredeep at Meratus front with closely spaced folds-thrusts, formed in M Miocene and PlioPleistocene, all with high-angle reverse faults. Become increasingly imbricate towards Meratus Range. Strike slip faults cut older structures. Hydrocarbons known only from folds and paleo-highs in N end of foredeep. Satyana, A.H. & P.D. Silitonga (1994)- Tectonic reversal in East Barito Basin, South Kalimantan: consideration of the types of inversion structures and petroleum system significance. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 57-74.


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(E Barito basin Tertiary structural history characterized by tectonic reversal. Paleogene rifting with NW- SE trending horsts and grabens followed by WNW to ESE Neogene compression with inversion of Paleogene structures. Rift sedimentation resulted in E-M Eocene Lower Tanjung source rocks and reservoir sandstones. Late Eocene- E Oligocene U Tanjung Fm postrift shales effective seal. Inversion started in E-M Miocene (N Kalimantan and E Sulawesi collisions). Plio-Pleistocene inversion might create new traps or destroy previous accumulations and remigrate hydrocarbons. Tanjung Raya fields ideal hydrocarbon-trapping conditions) Sawada, H., T. Matsuyama, Y. Konda, T. Ishiyama & T. Hashimura (2007)- Middle and Upper Miocene slope channel sandstone reservoir of Sadewa gas field, offshore Mahakam Delta, North Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia; modeling of channel sand body based on exploratory wells and 3D seismic. In: Proc. JAPT Symposium Exploration and exploitation in deep water, Sendai 2006, J. Japan. Assoc. Petrol. Techn (Sekiyu Gijutsu Kyokaishi), 72, 1, p. 98-107. (online at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/japt/72/1/98/_pdf) (In Japanese with English summary. Sadewa Field 2002 gas discovery on slope in 1,000-2,800’ water off Mahakam delta. Cores of Sadewa reservoir exhibit episodic turbiditic deposition of reworked delta sediments. Slope channel sandstone reservoirs of Sadewa field detected as high-amplitude anomalies in 3D seismic data) Saxby, R. & R. Latief (1988)- Post Convention Field Trip 1988: Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Guide Book. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 19 p. Schairer, G. & A. Zeiss (1992)- First record of Callovian ammonites from West Kalimantan (Middle Jurassic, Kalimantan Barat, Borneo, Indonesia). BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 13, 3, p. 229-236. (New ammonite fauna of probable Callovian age from Brandung Fm dark limestones and shales in W Kalimantan, 40 km NW of Sanggau, with Hectioceras spp., Reineckia, Indosphinctes. Affinities with Europe, Iran. Different from the Macrocephalites-dominated Callovian assemblages of E Indonesia?; HvG) Schelmann, W. (1966)- Die lateritische Verwitterung eines marine Tons in Sudost-Kalimantan. Geol. Jahrbuch 84, p. 163-188. (Study of 3m lateritic iron ore profile above Eocene marine clay which overlies serpentinite at SW flank of Kukusan Mountains, SE Kalimantan) Schmutzer, J. (1908)- Bijdrage tot de kennis der oude eruptiefgesteenten en amphiboolschisten aan de Rivieren Sebilit en Tebaoeng in Centraal-Borneo. Verhand. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam (2), 14, p. p. 1-48. (‘Contribution to the knowledge of old volcanic rocks and amphibole schists along the Sebilit and Tebaung Rivers in Central Kalimantan') Schmutzer, J. (1908)- The mineralogic and chemical composition of some rocks from Central Borneo. Proc Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, p. 398-415. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00013553.pdf.) (Petrographic descriptions and chemical analyses of 4 igneous rocks collected along the Sebilit and Tebaung Rivers in Central Borneo’by Molengraaff from C Kalimantan: amphibole dacite, andesite and microgranite) Schmutzer, J. (1910)- Bijdrage tot de kennis der postcenomane hypoabyssische en effusieve gesteenten van het Westelijke Muller gebergte in Centraal Borneo, Doctoral Thesis Delft, Amsterdam, 214 p. (Descriptions of igneous and volcanic rocks of the Muller range, collected by Molengraaff. Post-Cenomanian, possibly Early Tertiary age. Limited use for regional geology) Schmutzer, J. (1911)- Die vulkanischen Gesteine des westlichen Mullergebirges in Zentral-Borneo. Centralblatt Min. Geol. Pal. 1911, p. 321-327. ('The volcanic rocks of the western Muller Mountains in Central Kalimantan') Schoell, M., B. Durand & J. L. Oudin (1985)- Migration of oil and gas in the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan: evidence and quantitative estimate from isotope and biomarker studies. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 49-56.


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(Oils of Nilam field derived from humic organic matter at ~3,500- 4,000 m. Gases mature to overmature, formed at between ~5,000- 6,000 m) Schoell, M., M. Teschner, H. Wehner, B. Durand & J.L. Oudin (1981)- Maturity related biomarker and stable isotope variations and their application in the Mahakam delta, Kalimantan. In: M. Bjoroy et al. (eds.) Advances in Organic Geochemistry, John Wiley & Son, p. 156-163. Schophuys, H.J. (1936)- Het stroomgebied van de Barito; landbouwkundige kenschets en landbouw voorlichting. Ph.D. Thesis Agricultural University Wageningen, 207 p. ('The drainage area of the Barito River; agricultural characterization') Schurmann, H.M.E. (1925)- Over jong-Tertiaire bruinkolen in Oost Borneo. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek memorial volume), p. 429-440. (‘On Young Tertiary lignites in East Kalimantan’. Mainly discussion on relationship between water content and age of lignite/ coal of Neogene of Kutei basin) Schurmann, H.M.C. (1927)- Uber jungtertiare Braunkohlen in Ost-Borneo. Braunkohle 26, p. 609-612, 634641. (‘On Young Tertiary lignites in East Kalimantan’. Short version of above 1925 paper in German) Schwaner, C. (1853)- Borneo. Beschrijving van het stroomgebied van den Barito en reizen langs eenige voorname rivieren van het Zuid-Oostelijke gedeelte van dat eiland op last van het Gouvernement van Nederlandsch-Indie, gedaan in de jaren 1843-1847. Van Kampen, Amsterdam, 2 vols., p. ('Borneo: description of the barito River Basin and travel along several important rivers of the SE part of that island undertaken by order of the Netherlands Indies government in 1843-1847'. First systematic geologicgeographic survey work in SE Kalimantan) Schwaner, C. (1857)- De steenkolen in het rijk van Bandjermasin. Tijdschr. voor Nederl. Indie 19, 2, p. 129156. ('Coal in the Banjarmasin region'. One of first descriptions of coal in SE Kalimantan) Schwartz, C.M., G.H. Laughbaum, B.S. Samsu & J.D. Armstrong (1973)- Geology of the Attaka oilfield, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 195-215. (Attaka first commercial offshore field in Kalimantan in 1970. NNW trending structure. Late Miocene- Pliocene fluvial-deltaic reservoirs between 600’- 7800’, with oil produced from 34 sands between 2000-3400’. Structure young anticline, but thinning of sands over crest of structure suggest Late Miocene- Pliocene early growth) Seavoy, R.E. (1975)- Placer diamond mining in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Indonesia (Southeast Asia Program Publications at Cornell University) 19, p. 79-84. (Diamonds, gold and platinum in river and terrace gravels in Martapura and Pleihari regions, SE Kalimantan. Diamonds from kimberlite pipes associated with ultrabasic rocks of Bobaris Mountains) Seeley, J.B. & T.J. Senden (1994)- Alluvial gold in Kalimantan, Indonesia: a colloidal origin? J. Geochem. Expl. 50, 1-3, p. 457-478. (Placer gold deposits in Quaternary palaeochannels and Pleistocene terraces in Ampalit and Cempaga Buang drainage basins near Kasongan, C Kalimantan. Comparison of gold grains from Ampalit channel and adjacent terraces indicates gold grains possibly of colloidal origin, not mechanically transported to present domain) Seigneurin, A., D. Muller, A. Galli, C. Ravenne (1993)- Optimization of the well-spacing with a geostatistical model Tunu Field - Mahakam Area. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 1-17. (Reservoir model of >4 TCF Tunu gas field, Mahakam Delta. Multiple distal deltaic reservoir sands, mainly rel. thin (1.5-2 m average) channel mouth bars, with occasional distributary channels. Gas in Tunu Main Zone, immediately below the Fresh water sands, from 2200- 4100 m deep)


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Sendjaja, P., M.E. Suparka & E. Sucipta (2009)- Adakites rocks from Sintang, West Kalimantan and Una-Una Island, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: evidence of slab melting of subducted young oceanic crust. In: 11th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, p. Setiabudi, B.T., I.H. Campbell, C.E. Martin & C.M. Allen (2007)- Platinum group element geochemistry of andesite intrusions of the Kelian region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia; implications of gold depletion in the intrusions associated with the Kelian gold deposit. Econ. Geol. and Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. 102, 1, p. 95-108. (Gold mineralization at Kelian mine younger than associated Central and Eastern andesite intrusions. Gold probably derived from slightly younger intrusions. Parallel Cu-Au-PGE patterns are due to mixing between mafic and a more felsic magma) Setiawan, A. (1993)- Development of deltaic sedimentation in the E67/E68/E69 reservoir series, Nilam Field, East Kalimantan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, Bandung, p. 847-862. (E-W trending delta distributary channels in Middle Miocene ‘E’ sequences) Setiawan, B. (1993)- Les lignees granitiques et les skarns mineralisees en Zn de Longlaai; Est-Kalimantan (Borneo, Indonesie). Thesis Ecole Nat. Sup. Mines de Paris, Paris, 481p. (‘The granitic suites and Zn-mineralized skarns from Longlaai, E Kalimantan’) Setiawan, R. & I. Nurdiana (2007)- Petrologi batupasir Formasi Mentarang kelompok Embaluh, di daerah Longbia, Kalimantan Timur. In: Geologi Indonesia: dinamika dan produknya, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 33, 2, p. 193-205. (Petrology of deep marine Late Cretaceous -E Eocene Mentarang Fm sandstone of Embaluh Group in Longbia district, E Kalimantan. Partly low-metamorphic interbedded sandstones, siltstone, and slaty mudstone. Mainly litharenites, recycled orogen. Sandstones provenance Semitau Ridge and Schwaner Mts in SW Kalimantan, probably also Embuoi and Busang Complex in S. Andesitic-basaltic rock fragments more common than sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Volcanism probably related to tectonics in N Kalimantan) Setijadji, L.D. (2009)- Alluvial gold in Central Kalimantan: its mode of occurrence, source and consequences for primary deposits. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang, 1 p. (Abstract only) (Alluvial gold deposits extensively distributed in C Kalimantan. Most deposits worked as small-scale traditional operations. Only large-scale dredging operation at Ampalit drainage basin near Kasongan in 1988-1992. Many alluvial gold deposits associated with muddy gravelly rocks. Much of gold may not be derived from Tertiary epithermal systems but from Mesozoic granite-related quartz veins) Setijadji, L.D., N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (2010)- Kalimantan mineral resources: an update on exploration and mining trends, synthesis on magmatism history and proposed models for metallic mineralization. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok 2010, 14p. (Kalimantan magmatic arcs Cretaceous and younger events. Subduction magmatism may ended after Late Cretaceous in much of island, followed by syn- and post-collision magmatism. Metallic mineralization in two main periods (1) Cretaceous or older, dominated by granitoid-related skarn iron and base metals in Schwaner and Meratus Mountains; (2) M-L Miocene gold and base metals mineralization associated with Sintang Intrusions. Miocene gold-bearing intrusions are not products of ordinary subduction-zone magmatism, but derived from basalts source during major tectonic events following subduction) Setijadji, L.D., F. Tamba & A. Idrus (2010)- Geology of the Ruwai Iron and Zn-Pb-Ag skarn deposits Lamandau District, Central Kalimantan. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. MGEI-IAGI Seminar Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, Balikpapan 2010, p. 175-185. (Fe and Zn-Pb-Ag skarn mineralization in Ruwai District, Schwaner Mountains, C Kalimantan, result of Late Cretaceous- Early Tertiary granitoids intrusions. Initially reported by Frijling et al (1920). Oldest rocks in area Permo-Carboniferous Pinoh Metamorphics, Late Triassic- Mid Cretaceous Ketapang Complex limestonesandstone- siltstone and Kuatan/ Metan andesitic-rhyolitic volcanics, all intruded by Early and Late Cretaceous Schwaner Arc (Sukadana batholiths))


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Setio, N., W. Suwarlan & R. Latief (1989)- The integration of borehole, seismic data, geological field work, paleontological data and SAR in a thrusted area of East Kalimantan. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 7-30. Setyanta, B. (2002)- Kelurusan struktur geologi dan implikasinya terhadap evolusi tektonik daerah SamarindaSangatta, Kalimantan Timur, berdasaran analisis gayberat. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 12, 128, p. ('Straightness of geological structures and implications for tectonic evolution of the Samarinda- Sangatta area, E Kalimantan, based on gravity analysis') Setyanta, B. & I. Setiadi (2006)- Kompleks batuan ultramafik Meratus Sebagai bagian dari Ofiolit Kerak Samudra ditinjau dari aspek geomatik dan gaya berat. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. 16, 6, p. 355-348. (On gravity-magnetics of Meratus Mts oceanic crust ultramafic rocks complex) Sidarto et al. (1998)- Struktur geologi daerah Sanga-sanga, Kalimantan Timur. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. (Bandung), 8, 82, p. 2-13. ('Geological structure of the Sanga-Sanga area, E Kalimantan') Sidi, F. H. (2000)- Comparison of paleo-Mahakam Delta with other delta systems. Berita Sedim. (Indon. Sediment. Forum FOSI) 12, p. Sidi, F.H., H.C. Baskara, G.P. Allen & S.C. Lang (1998)- Controls on cyclic sequence architecture in the middle Miocene paleo-Mahakam Delta system, Badak and Nilam fields, Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib. Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 82, 10, p. 1966-1967. (Badak and Nilam fields in M Miocene paleo-Mahakam fluvio-deltaic system. Productive horizons numerous isolated mouth bar and distributary channel sandstone reservoirs in basin with high subsidence rates and high sediment influx. High degree of cyclicity at three scales: (1) smallest (100-150’) represent delta lobes, parasequences produced by autocyclic processes (2) Intermediate (800-1,200’) regressive-transgressive parasequence sets; (3) largest (6,000-8,000’) associated with major basin-fill patterns due to progradation of shelf and slope. Larger-scale maximum flooding events cut across regional stratigraphic markers, indicating they are diachronous along depositional strike. Lateral variations in stacking patterns, controlled by migration of zones of sediment influx. Local tectonic effects tend to blur eustatic signatures in basin) Sidi, F.H., S. Damayanti, H.C. Baskara & I. Turseno (1998)- Stratigraphy and geometry of deltaic reservoirs of the paleo-Mahakam system: an example from sequence stratigraphy study of Nilam gas field, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 179-185. Sieffermann, G.R. (1990)- Origin of iron carbonate layers in Tertiary coastal sediments of central Kalimantan Province (Borneo), Indonesia. In: J. Parnell et al. (eds.) Sediment-hosted mineral deposits, Int. Assoc. Sedimentologists, Spec. Publ. 11, p. 139-145. (Siderite layers 20-30cm thick in Miocene coal-bearing series reflect reprecitation of iron in (brackish) coastal plain zone) Siemers, C.T., S. Sutiyono & S.K. Wiman (1992)- Description and reservoir characterization of a Late Miocene, delta-front coral-reef buildup, Serang Field, Offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: Carbonate rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia: a core workshop, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 5-1-5-27. (Late Miocene in Serang Field dominated by fluvial/deltaic and shallow-marine siliciclastics. Also numerous carbonate units indicative of coral reef growth in delta-front, marine-shelf setting. The 80-6 Limestone (67’), includes 'Lower reef' (25’; platy corals in argillaceous matrix grading up to massive and branching coral fragments in mud matrix) and 'Upper reef' (42’; platy-coral-bearing wackestone, overlain by argillaceous coral rubble, porous 10’ reef-core type coral rubble and 13’ of non-porous, reworked mix). Reef overlain by shallow shelf- delta-front calcareous, shelly, silty shale. 80-6 Limestone represents cluster of buildups with lateral extent of >2.5 km and possibly up to10’s of kms. Post-depositional degradation of reservoir quality. Extensive recrystallization of skeletal fragments (especially corals, molluscs) and carbonate mud matrix).


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Sigit, S. (1962)- Penjelidikan geologi terhadap endapan batubara didaerah Sungup-Selaro, di bagian utara Pulau Laut (Kalimantan Tenggara). Djawatan Geologi Indonesia, Publ. Teknik, Seri Geol. Ekon. 3, 43p. (‘Geological investigations of the Sungup-Selaro Region in the Northern Part of Pulau Laut (SE Kalimantan’). Geologic reconnaissance in coal-bearing Sungup-Selaro region in N part of Laut island. Five seams in Eocene coal measures, one with reserves of economic importance) Sigit, S. (1963)- Penjelidikan geologi terhadap endapan batubara di Pulau Sebuku (Kalimantan Tenggara). Djawatan Geologi Indonesia, Publ.Tekn., Seri Geol. Ekon. 5, 41p. (‘Geological investigations of the coal deposits of Pulau Sebuku (SE Kalimantan)’. Reconnaissance in S part of Sebuku island, E of Palau Laut, showed Eocene coal only in W part of widespread Eocene formations. Only one seam, formed mainly from allochthonous material) Sikumbang, N. (1986)- Geology and tectonics of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Meratus Mountains, South-East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, p. 1-313. (Meratus metamorphics two groups: widespread Hauren schists (K-Ar ages 108-119 Ma) and lower grade Pelahari phyllites, etc.. Orbitolina limestones in three different tectonic settings. In N of study area limestones contain granodiorite and granite detritus in basal part and were deposited unconformably on the Sunda continental basement present at N edge of Meratus Range. In SE area parautochtonous Orbitolina limestone in thrust sheets. Species identified by Schroeder as Palorbitolina lenticularis and Orbitolina (Mesorbitolina) parva, indicating early Late Aptian age) Sikumbang, N. (1990)- The geology and tectonics of the Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Geol. Indonesia (J. Indonesian Assoc. Geol., IAGI) 13, 2, p. 1-31. (Meratus Mts highly deformed E Cretaceous- Paleocene ophiolitic and metamorphic rocks and sediments and island arc volcanics. Oldest rocks Berriasian- Aptian shelf-slope sediments, juxtaposed with ophiolite/ oceanic crust by strike-slip faulting shortly after deposition. Volcanic arc collided with Sundaland in Cenomanian. Absence of Paleocene- Lower Eocene suggests uplift. Late M Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene uplift events) Sikumbang, N. & R. Heryanto (1994)- Geologic map of the Banjarmasin Quadrangle, Kalimantan, 1:250,000, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, also 2nd ed. 2009, p. . Simanjuntak, T.O. (1999)- Neogene Dayak Orogeny in Kalimantan. Proc. 28th Ann Conv. Indon. Ass. Geol. (IAGI), 1, Jakarta, 1, p. 83-90. Simmons, S.F. & P.R.L. Browne (1990)- Mineralogic, alteration and fluid-inclusion studies of epithermal goldbearing veins at the Mt. Muro Prospect, Central Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 35, p. 63103. (Mt. Muro prospect in Upper Kutai basin numerous steeply dipping, epithermal gold-bearing quartz veins, formed during Oligo-Miocene calc-alkaline volcanism of C Kalimantan. Probably short-lived subduction andesitic volcanic event above S-dipping subduction zone) Simmons, S.F. & P.R.L. Browne (1992)- Mineralogic, alteration and fluid-inclusion studies of epithermal goldbearing veins at the Mt. Muro Prospect, Central Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. In: Epithermal gold in Asia and the Pacific, Mineral Concentrations and Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the ESCAP Region series, UN ESCAP, 6, p. 60-64. (Abbreviated version of paper above) Sinaga, I.B., R. Nikijuluw & H. Ilham (2006)- A composite analysis for fluid facies interpretation and hydrocarbon identification using advanced gas data. Case study Mutiara wells, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exh., Perth 2006, 6p. Sinamora, W.H. & I. Budiman (2000)- Penafsiran data gayaberat Kalimantan menggunakan teknik pengolahan dan penyajian citra warna dan citra relief bayangan. Geol. Res. Dev.Centre, Geophys. Ser. 1, p. 35-46.


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(On gravity anomaly trends across W Kalimantan) Singh, P.K., M.P. Singh, A.K. Singh & M. Arora (2010)- Petrographic characteristics of coal from the Lati Formation, Tarakan Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 81, 2, p. 109-116. (Coals from Tarakan basin high concentration of huminite (telohuminite), low concentrations of liptinite and inertinite macerals. Coals originated under telmatic condition. There was predominance of wood derived tissues and high subsidence rates prevailed, and alternating phases of oxic and anoxic moor conditions) Siregar, M.S. & R. Sunaryo (1980)- Depositional environments and hydrocarbon prospects, Tanjung Formation, Barito Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 9th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 379-400. (Eocene Tanjung Fm producing oil since 1960’s. Lower member terrestrial-paralic clastics, middle member maine-deltaic clastics, upper member marine shales and thin limestones. Plio-Pleistocene uplift of Meratus Block and NNE-SSW trending anticlines) Siregar, P.H., D. Ramdan, S.A. Yani, P. Bransden, A. Prasetya, T. Kearney & D.B. Waghorn (2010)Hydrocarbon potential of the North Kutei Basin: new exploration opportunities based on the new 3D seismic data. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA10-G-019, 25p. (3D seismic offshore Sangatta field, N Kutei basin, shows Late Miocene-Early Pliocene slope channel play) Situmorang, B. (1987)- Emplacement of the Meratus ultrabasic massif: a gravity interpretation. Lemigas Scient. Contr. 2, p. 61-72. Situmorang, B., C.D. Dwiyoga, A. Kustamsi (2006)- The untapped 'unconventional' gas: CBM resources of Kutai Basin with reference to the North Kutai Lama Field, Sangasanga Area, East Kalimantan. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 06-OT-07, 11 p. (Eleven onshore coal basins of Indonesia contain 453 Tcf coalbed methane resources, of which 80.4 Tcf in Kutai Basin (ARI, 2003). North Kutai Lama (NKL) field main targets for CBM development are M Miocene Prangat and Late Miocene Kamboja Fms and uppermost E Miocene Loa Kulu Fm. Results from two wells between 700-1400 m indicate in-place CBM resources of NKL field 147 BCF) Sjadzali, M.M. & J.M. Kachelmeyer (1986)- Yakin West and Yakin North fields: optimum development trough integrated completion techniques. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 43-64. Smith, C.B, G.P. Bulanova, S.C. Kohn, H.J. Milledge, A.E. Hall, B.J. Griffin & D.G. Pearson (2009)- Nature and genesis of Kalimantan diamonds. Proc. 9th Int. Kimberlite Conf., Lithos 112, Suppl. 2, p. 822-832. (Alluvial diamonds from four main diamond mining districts in Kalimantan colourless or yellow- pale brown, with features indicative of fluvial transport and crustal recycling. Inclusions 68% peridotitic and 32% eclogitic. Re/Os dating of sulphide inclusion from one peridotitic diamond gave Archean age of 3.1 Ga ± 0.2. Kalimantan diamonds resemble those from kimberlite or lamproite from subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Five genetic groups recognized, but mixed occurences due to long history of sedimentary recycling) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1932)- The interference of meridional and transversal stress in the southeastern part of Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 35, 8, p. 1090-1096. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016325.pdf) (Two main trends of Tertiary folds,'transversal' (E-W; parallel to Pretertiary nucleus of island) and 'meridional' (N-S). Mangkalihat Peninsula separates NW-SW trending folds in North from N-S trending folds in S) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1953)- On the origin of the drainage system of Borneo. Geol. Mijnbouw N.S. 15, p. 121136. (Present river system of Borneo originated on initial relief in Early Neogene time. Early Neogene main divides were Schwaner Mts. and Semitau-Kuching Ridge. Plio-Pleistocene diastrophism created present main Kinabalu- Schwaner-Karimata divide)


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Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1953)- Pleistocene eustasy and glacial chronology in Borneo. Geol. Mijnbouw 15, 11, p. 365-383. (Terraces in more stable part of Borneo similar to those in Java and Sumatra and can be correlated to glacialinterglacial chronology) Snedden, J.W. & J.F. Sarg (1998)- Large scale synsedimentary tectonic control on stratigraphic sequences in two petroleum provinces of Borneo. Abstract AAPG Ann. Mtg, Salt Lake City1998, AAPG Bull. 82, 13 (Suppl.), 4p. (Kutei and Sarawak basins two petroleum producing provinces where tectonics greatly impacted formation of stratigraphic sequences. Sequence bounding unconformities can be used in tectonically active areas to provide chronostratigraphic correlations across several paleoenvironments) Snedden, J.W. & J.F. Sarg (1998)- Reducing reservoir and source risk in deepwater plays: examples from Southeast Asia. In: Proc. SEAPEX 12th Offshore SE Asia Conf. OSEA 98, Singapore 1998, p. 257-269. (Offshore Kutai and Sarawak basins sequence stratigraphy interpretation) Snedden, J.W., J.F. Sarg, M.J. Clutson, M. Maas, T.E. Okon et al. (1996)- Using sequence stratigraphic methods in high-sediment supply deltas: examples from the ancient Mahakam and Rajang-Lupar deltas. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 281-296. Snedden, J.W., J.F. Sarg & K.E. Peters (2001)- A new geochemical-sequence stratigraphic model for the Mahakam Delta and Makassar Slope, Kalimantan, Indonesia: Reply. AAPG Bull. 85. 6, p. 1102-1105. Soeria-Atmadja, R., D. Noeradi & B. Priadi (1999)- Cenozoic magmatism in Kalimantan and its related geodynamic evolution. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 25-45. (NE-SW Tertiary magmatic belt of C Kalimantan two periods of subduction: Eocene-Oligocene and Late Oligocene-Miocene. Younger magmatic belt on earlier belt; limited exposures of Eocene volcanics. Belt known as `gold belt' of C W Kalimantan, with Neogene epithermal mineralization at relatively shallow depths. Earliest known subduction-related magmatism in Eocene-E Oligocene with calc-alkaline silicic pyroclastics, followed by continental collision. Subsequent subduction-related magmatism from Late Oligocene-Pleistocene magma evolution from calc-alkaline to potassic calc-alkaline. Plio-Pleistocene magmatism with basalt flows) Soetarno, D. (1992)- Mineralisation uranifere dans le bassin de la Kalan, Kalimantan (Indonesie); geologie et geochronology. Doct. Thesis Universite de Nancy, 167 p. (Uranium mineralization in Kalan Basin, N flank Schwaner Mountains, W Kalimantan in schistose metapelites that underwent regional and contact metamorphism. Uraninites of Remaja emplaced at 151 Ma, Rirang at 140 Ma. Uranium mineralization corresponds with start of Yenshanian orogeny, manifested by granite intrusions around Jurassic- Cretaceous boundary) Soetarno, D. (1992)- U-Pb geochronology of Uranium mineralization in Eko and Rirang, Kalan, West Kalimantan. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 257-264. Soetedja, V., D. Suyana, I N. H. Kontha & Safarudin (1998)- Case history of a marginal oil field development. In: SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf, Perth 1998, SPE 50054, p. 175-183. (Semberah Field small 1973 oil discovery in N Mahakam area, 140 km N of Balikpapan, producing since 1991. Paper mainly engineering history of marginal oil field) Soetrisno, S. Supritna, E. Rustandi & K. Hasan (1994)- Geological map of the Buntok Quadrangle, 1: 250,000, Quad 1714, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Geologic map of N part Barito Basin, with Meratus Mountain front in East (folded Cretaceous granite, overlain by Late Cretaceous clastics and volcanics, Eocene Tanjung Fm, Oligocene Berai Limestone and Montalat Fm marls, Miocene Warukin Fm clastics, etc.)


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Spencer, L.K., S.D. Dikinis, P.C. Keller & R.E. Kane (1988)- The diamond deposits of Kalimantan, Borneo. Gems & Geology 24, 2, p. 67-79. (Borneo diamonds are in alluvial deposits from unknown source. Do not believe in nearby ophiolite source) Stankiewicz, B.A., M.A. Kruge & M. Mastalerz (1996)- A geochemical study of macerals from a Miocene lignite and an Eocene bituminous coal, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 24, 5, p. 531-545. (Study of macerals from Miocene lignite and Eocene high-volatile bituminous C coal from SE Kalimantan.) Stauffer, P. H. (1983)- Phantom tektite localities of Borneo. Meteoritics 18, p. 9-13. (The only authentic tektite finds in Kalimantan are from SE Kalimantan: Martapura, Pelaihari, etc,) Storms, J.E.A., R.M. Hoogendoorn, M.A.C. Dam, A.J.F.Hoitink & S.B. Kroonenberg (2005)- Late-Holocene evolution of the Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sediment. Geol. 180, p. 149-166. (Late Holocene Mahakam Delta textbook example of a mixed tide-fluvial dominated delta system. The delta prograded about 60 km in past 5000 years. Natural levees, crevasse splays and avulsions absent in delta plain. Sand content decreases significantly from fluvial to tidal-dominated areas. Progradational delta system evolved under conditions of slowly rising sea level) Stumpfl, E.F. & A.M. Clark (1966)- Electron-probe microanalysis of gold platinoid concentrates from southeast Borneo. Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. 74, p. 933-946. Stromer, E. (1931)- Die ersten Alt-Tertiaren Saugetier-Reste aus den Sunda-Inseln. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Ned. Indie 17, p. 11-14. ('The first early Tertiary mammal remains from the Sunda islands'. Two teeth from probable Eocene beds in Sanggau area, W Borneo, are first record of Early Tertiary mammals in Indonesia. Probably belong to small Anthracocerid Artiodactylus, a family rel. common in the M-U Eocene of Asia and Europe) Stuart, C.J., H.F. Schwing, R.A. Armin, B. Sidik, R. Abdoerrias, W.D. de Boer et al. (1996)- Sequence stratigraphic studies in the Lower Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence Stratigraphy in SE Asia. Indon. Petrol. Association, Jakarta 1995, p. 365-368. (Summary paper on Miocene Lower Kutei basin Unocal Miocene stratigraphy work) Subagio, B.S. Widijono & Sardjono (2000)- Model kerak lajur Meratus berdasarkan analisis data gayaberat dan magnet, implikasi terhadap potensi mineral ekonomi. Geol. Res. Dev.Centre, Bandung, Geoph. Ser. 1, p. 47-67. (Crustal models of two traverses across Meratus Mts (Kandahan and Martapura), based on gravity-magnetic data. Data can be interpreted with various models, one of them (fig. 8) obducted ultramafic slab over granite) Subandrio, A.S. & A. Kuswanto (2010)- Geological investigation and geolectric tomography study on iron ore deposit of Kendawangan- West Kalimantan and their possible genetic significance. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, MGEI-IAGI Seminar, Balikpapan 2010, p. 117-128. (Kendawangan iron ore deposits in Triassic-Cretaceous in two areas of W Kalimantan, 400km S of Pontianak: (1) Bukit Besi area areally restricted, thick-bedded-massive hematite ores in lower part of Cretaceous magmatic complex (produced by submarine volcanism) and (2) Birai area metamorphosed, folded specularite ores within Triassic Pinoh Fm meta-sedimentary belt. Some mineralization smilar to Banded Iron Ore Fm) Subroto, E., A. Bachtiar & B. Istadi (2006)- Source rock characterisation in the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, based on biomarkers. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06PG-28, 4 p. (Analyses 73 crude oils and 86 rock samples from Kutai Basin. Based on biomarkers five source types: deltaic coaly shales, marine shales, mixed deltaic and marine shales, marine calcareous shales, and immature deltaic coaly sediments. 62 oils correlate to deltaic coaly shales, remaining 11 correlate to marine shales. No mixed sources detected in crude oils. Vitrinite reflectance data for some sediments appear to be suppressed)


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Subroto, E.A., B.P. Muritno, Sukowitono, D. Noeradi & Djuhaeni (2005)- Petroleum geochemistry study in sequence stratigraphic framework in the Simenggaris Block, Tarakan basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 421- . (Tarakan Basin Simenggaris Block 8 Oligocene-Pliocene sequences, with shales TOC between 0.65- 7%, indicating several may be hydrocarbon source. Almost all sequences contain some coals or carbonaceous materials. Only SB-2 and SB-1 (Naintupo Fm and older) reached optimal maturity. In deeper areas SB-5 to SB3 (Meliat Fm) are in middle mature stage) Sudradjat, S.A. (1976)- Geological map of the Tewah Quodrangle, Central Kalimantan (scale I :250,000). Geol. Surv. Indonesia, Bandung. Suessli, P. (1978)- The Tendeh Hantu atoll- a Lower Miocene carbonate build-up in Mangkalihat Peninsula, East Kalimantan. In: Proc. Carbonate Seminar, Jakarta 1976, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 121-122 (Abstract only) (Narrow E-W trending high with steep N and S flanks formed in mid-Oligocene tectonic event, persisted through Mio-Pliocene and developed into Mangkalihat Peninsula. Lower Miocene carbonate build-up outcrops, include Tendeh Hantu ‘atoll’ sub-circular platform, ~30 km across. Overlain by Pliocene sediments. Coralline sediments of edge dip at 30-50° towards interior of ‘atoll’. Majority of limestones at interior slightly dolomitized packstones. Larger foraminifera Flosculinella globulosa, F. reicheli and Austrotrillina howchini suggest early M Miocene (Lower Tf), age, age-equivalent of nearby zone N9 calciturbidites) Suggate, R.P. & J.P. Boudou (1996)- Revision of the Mahakam coal series: Rock-Eval and rank(s) relations. J. Petrol. Geol. 19, 4, p. 407-423. Sugiaman, F. & L. Andria (1999)- Devonian carbonate of Telen River, East Kalimantan. Berita Sedim. 10, p. 18-19. (Devonian limestones first reported by Witkamp (1925) and Rutten (1940, 1943) from melange complex at N margin Kutai basin. May be blocks in Permian sandstone (Darman & Sidi (2000), Geology of Indonesa, p. 6). Telen River sst also with Permian Neoschwagerid fusulinids (op. cit. p. 86)) Sugiaman, F., A. Cebastiant, K. Werner, A. Saller, D. Glenn & R. May (2007)- Reservoir characterization and modeling of an Upper Miocene deepwater fan reservoir, Gendalo Field, Kutai Basin, Offshore East Kalimantan. Proc 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-G-056, 18p. (Gendalo Field largest deepwater gas discovery off E Kalimantan. Primary reservoir U Miocene thin-bedded turbidites (average sand bed thickness 15 cm), deposited at base-of-slope as unconfined fan. Three internal units mapped based on 3D seismic data and four wells) Suiter, J.S. (1996)- Shallow 3-D seismic analysis of Late Pleistocene lowstand deltas (Mahakam, Indonesia). Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 347-351. (Shallow 3D seismic facies analysis of Late Pleistocene Mahakam Delta) Sujatmiko, A.Salim & B.S. Irawan (1984)- Geology of the Tunu gas field. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 341-363. Sukanta, U., Y. Kusnandar, S. Hidayati, H.I. Priyonggo, A. Siravoet al. (2009)- Understanding hydrocarbonbearing reservoirs and their critical factors for deep water exploration in the Tarakan Basin, North East Kalimantan (Indonesia). Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-155, 3p. (Short paper suggesting series of rapid sea level drops in M Miocene- Pliocene lead to deposition of sand-rich turbiditic deposits along slope and basin floor in eastern deep offshore Tarakan basin) Sukardi, B. Djamal, S. Supriatna & S. Santosa (1995)- Geological map of the Muaralasan quadrangle, Kalimantan, scale 1:250,000. Sheet.1917, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Sukardi & R. Heryanto (1997)- Petrografi batupasir Formasi Pitap di S. Amandit, Kalimantan Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 7, 75, p. 19-30.


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('Petrography of the Pitap Fm sandstones at Amandit River, S Kalimantan', Upper Cretaceous volcanoclastics) Suleiman, A., D.A. Wulandari & A. Bachtiar (1998)- Identification of reworked fossils in Miocene sediments of Kutai Basin and its geological implication. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. Sumantri (1992)- Dispersion of uranium accumulation on mineralized zone type at Eko-Remaja, Kalan, West Kalimantan. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 251-256. Sumartadipura, A.S. & U. Margono (1996)- Geological map of the Tewah (Kualakurun) quadrangle, Central Kalimantan, Quad 1614, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Geological map with in NW Schwaner Mts 'basement' rocks (Sepauk granitoids, Pinoh metamorphics with NESW foliation, Metan Complex ?Triassic low-metamorphic andesitic volcanics dipping SE 60°, Sintang Intrusives, Malasan Oligocene andesitic volcanics), In East Barito basin Tertiary sediments. Eocene Tanjung Fm (sands, shales and limestones with Pellatispira-Discocyclina) and Oligocene Montalat Fm marine marls only in NE corner; farther South Warukin Fm directly on Pre-Tertiary) Sumawinata, B. (1998)- Sediments of the lower Barito basin in South Kalimantan: fossil pollen composition. Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto 36, 3, p. 293-316. (Palynology/ environments of Holocene sediments from Lower Barito and Martapura Rivers shallow cores) Sunaryo, R., S. Martodjojo & A. Wahab (1988)- Detailed geological evaluation of the possible hydrocarbon prospects in the Bungalun area, East Kalimantan. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 423-446. (Bungalun Area on SW side Mangkalihat Peninsula. Shallow wells between 1900-1941 with oil shows in thin Late Miocene-Pliocene sands. Underlain by oceanic basalt or melange (Late Cretaceous Danau Fm). Overlain by Eocene Mangkupa- Beriun deepwater? clastics in W and tuffs-dominated Sembulu Fm in E. Oligocene-E Miocene to younger sequences two facies. Peripheral zones mainly limestones, younging to SE: Oligocene Kedango Lst (700m), E Miocene Tabalar Lst (500m) and M Miocene Sekerat Lst (200-300m). Deeper parts of basin mainly fine clastics. Bungalun Basin N-S structural grain, similar to Kutai basin, except E-W direction near Sangkulirang Bay. Change of trend caused by rotation effect of Palu-Koro Fault further E) Sunata, W. & S. Permanadewi (1995)- Data magnet purba dan penarikhan Kalium-Argon dari batuan mikrodiorit Gunung Kukusan utara, daerah Batulicin, Kalimantan Selatan. In: Proc. Seminar Hasil pemetaan geologi dan geofisika, Puslitbang Geologi, Bandung 1995, p. 260-268. (‘Paleomagetic data and K/Ar ages of North Gunung Kukusan microdiorite, Batulucin area, S Kalimantan’. Early Miocene (19.6 Ma) microdiorite paleomagnetism suggest weak CCW rotation; Fuller 1999) Sunata, W. & H. Wahyono (1991)- VI. Palaeomagnetism. In: C.S. Hutchison (ed.) Studies in East Asian tectonics and resources (SEATAR): Crustal Transect VII Java-Kalimantan-Sarawak-South China Sea. CCOP, TP 26, p. 43-51. (Paleomag results from W Kalimantan document CCW rotation between Jurassic- Miocene: (1) Gunung Bawan Triassic basalts (Serian volc.-equiv.) and shales with Monotis 73.3° CCW rotation and paleolatitude 17.2°; (2) Suti Semarang Kalung Fm Late Triassic black shales with Monotis 81.5° CCW rotation and paleolatitude 10.8°N or S; (3) Tenguwe area Jurassic black ammonite-mudstone 92.9° CCW rotation and paleolatitude 2.9° S; (4) Ketapang area Late Cretaceous igneous rocks 50° CCW rotation, no latitudinal displacement; (4) OligoMiocene basalt sills at Mandai River unrotated) Sunata, W. & H. Wahyono (1998)- Data magnet purba teruji untuk formasi Tanjung, daerah Batulicin, Kalimantan Selatan; dan aplikasinya untuk menentukan waktu terjadinya rotasi. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi, Bandung. (‘Paleomagetic data of the Tanjung Formation in the Batulicin area, S Kalimantan’. Weak CCW rotation of Late Eocene Tanjung Fm sandstone; Fuller 1999) Sunoto (1990)- Hubungan jendela minyak dan zone bertekanan lua (dengan sebaran hidrokarbon di Pulau Bunyu). Geol. Indonesia, p. 49-60.


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Suparka, E. (1995)- Occurrence of adakites in Sintang area, West Kalimantan: a Neogene post-subduction volcanism phenomena. In: Proc. Oji Seminar on Neogene Evolution of Pacific Ocean Gateways, Kyoto 1995, IGCP-355, p. 34-44. Supiandi, S. (1988)- Studies on peat in the coastal plains of Sumatra and Borneo, I: Physiography and geomorphology of the coastal plains. Southeast Asian Studies (Kyoto) 26, 3, p. 308-335. (online at: http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/56338/1/KJ00000131463.pdf) Supiandi, S. & B. Sumawinata (1989)- Studies on peat in the coastal plains of Sumatra and Borneo, II: The clay mineralogical composition of sediments in coastal plains of Jambi and South Kalimantan. Southeast Asian Studies (Kyoto) 27, 1, p. 35-54. Supriatna S. (1989)- Data baru mengenai geologi Pegunungan Meratus, Kalimantan Selatan. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Center 13, p. 30-38. (‘New data on the geology of the Meratus Mountains, SE Kalimantan’. Including presence of Pre-Tertiary melange) Supriatna, S. & Abidin (1995)- Geology of the Muara Wahau sheet area, Kalimantan, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (NE Kalimantan map sheet, includes area of Jurassic- Early Cretaceous Telen River sheared deepwater TelenKelinjau mélange with allochtonous blocks like Devonian limestone = Danau Fm of Molengraaff (1902)) Supriatna, S., U. Margono, Sutrisno, F. de Keyser, R.P. Langford & D.S. Trail (1993)- Geology of the Sanggau sheet area, Kalimantan Quadrangle 1617, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (NW Kalimantan map sheet with Permo-Carboniferous metamorphics, Triassic granites, folded Cretaceous Pedawan Fm marine sediments, unconformably overlain by Lower Tertiary Kajan/Plateau sandstone, etc. Includes Nuit volcano, with basalts with K/Ar date of 4.92 Ma) Supriatna, S., A. Sudradjat & H.Z. Abidin (1995)- Geology of the Muara Tewe sheet area, Kalimantan Quadrangle 1715, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (C Kalimantan map sheet In NW folded Upper Cretaceous Selangkai group, unconformably overlain by Late Eocene, intruded by Sintang volcanics. In SE Upper Kutai Basin with folded Oligocene sediments.) Supriatna, S., R. Sukardi & E. Rustandi (1996)- Geology of the Samarinda sheet area, Kalimantan, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Surata, M., O. Suksianto, M. Pratomo & Supriyadi (2010)- Discovery and its genetic relatonship of bauxite deposit in Mempawah and Landak Regency, West Kalimantan Province. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, MGEI-IAGI Seminar, Balikpapan 2010, p. 107-116. (W Kalimantan NNW-SSE trending lateritic bauxite belt parallel to West coast, geologically on Schwaner block. Rel. low grade. SiO2 bauxite type derived from Cretaceous Mensibao diorite, Fe2O3-type from Cretaceous Gunungapi Raya Mb andesite and gabbro) Susianto, A., E.R. Esomar, R. Rahadi & M.N. Ardhie (2012)- The characteristics of the Sepinggan strike slip fault zone and its rolein forming structural traps the Southeast Kutei Basin. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-062, p. 1-23. (Sepinggan Fault is SE-NW trending right-lateral strike-slip fault, extending >70 km from offshore SE Balikpapan to onshore S Penajam area. It is part of Adang fault zone. Initially formed as transform during Eocene rifting, reactivated as strike slip in Miocene compression. Several significant hydrocarbon traps have formed along fault (Yakin, Sepinggan, Mahoni))


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Sutha N., I.M.A., R. Adi & Z. Arifin S. (2008)- Evaluating hydrocarbon potential at attic position in deltaic multi complex reservoirs case study: “A100” reservoir, Semberah Field. Proc. 37th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 544-556. (Semberah field in N part of Sanga-Sanga Block, E Kalimantan, part of ancient Mahakam delta complex, with multi layer M-U Miocene reservoirs. Paleo-environment transition fluvio-tidal delta, dominated by delta plain and delta front sedimentation. Search for additional reserves by evaluating hydrocarbon potential at 'attic position', focused on evaluating channel facies in updip position of wet wells) Sutiyono, S. (1995)- Magnetic resonance image log use in evaluation of low resistivity pay in the Attaka Field. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petr. Assoc. 1, p. 167-179. Sutjipto, R.Heryanto (1991)- Sedimentology of the Melawi and Ketungau basins, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Wollongong, 255p. (Melawi and Ketungau basin fill Late Eocene- Oligocene shallow marine to terrestrial series. Provenance was from North, uplifted recycled orogenic material from Late Cretaceous Boyan and Eocene? Lubok Antu melanges. A few units in Melawi basin have magmatic arc detritus from Schwaner Mts in S) Suwardji, A. Buhari, K. Kukuh & R. Prayitno (1994)- Low resistivity reservoir study: Sangatta field, Kalimantan. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p.119-130. (Identification of previously unrecognized low-resistivity oil reservoirs in Sangatta Field (1936 BPM discovery, developed by Pertamina in 1970’s)) Suwarna, N. & B. Hermanto (2007)- Berau coal in East Kalimantan; its petrographics characteristics and depositional environment. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 2, 4, p. 191-206. (E-M Miocene Berau coal in Berau Basin. Composition of the coal suggests system of fluvial to meandering streams in upper delta plain environment. Original vegetation mainly cellulose rich, shrub-like plants, tree ferns, herbaceous plant communities, with minor amount of trees) Suwarna, N., B. Hermanto, T. Sihombing & K.D. Kusumah (2006)- Coalbed methane potential and coal characteristics in the Lati Region, Berau Basin, East Kalimantan. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 1, 1, p. 19-30. (Miocene coalbed methane potential and coal characteristics in Lati region, Berau basin, E Kalimantan. Volatile matter of Lati coal 32-39.6%, sulfur 0.35-3.0 %, ash 2.8-14.5% and moisture 12-20%. Vitrinite reflectance (Rv) 0.42-0.57%, indicating sub-bituminous B- high volatile bituminous C coal rank. Low ash content. Thermally immature- early mature, suggesting gas is biogenic) Suwarna, N., H. Panggabean, M.H. Hermiyanto & A.K. Permana (2007)- Characterization of unconventional fossil fuels in selected areas of Sumatera and Kalimantan, using organic petrography and geochemistry. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-G079, 15p. (Studies of oil shales and coalbed methane in Sumatra and Kalimantan) Suwarna, N. & R.P. Langford (1993)- Geological map of the Singkawang Sheet area, West Kalimantan, Quad. 1316, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (NW coast Kalimantan. With thick Bengkayang Gp U Triassic- Lw Jurassic clastics, subdivided into Triassic Banan Fm clastics with acid tuffs near base (~1000m) and E Jurassic Sungaibetung Fm clastics (1500m). Intruded and overlain by large Early Cretaceous Mensibau granite intrusives and volcanics. Also numerous Late Oligocene- Early Miocene Sintang intrusives) Suyono & M.H. Hermiyanto (2010)- Study characteristic biostratigraphy and Rock Eval pyrolisis of Eocene mudstone in the Mandai Basin, West Kalimantan. Proc. 39th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PITIAGI-2010-186, 5p. (Mandai Basin Paleogene frontier basin in W Kalimantan, 60 km S of Putussibau, Kapuas Hulu District. It is bounded by Semitau High/ Melawi basin in S, Lubuk Antu melange in N, Ketungau basin in W. Late Eocene Mandai Gp intertidal- shallow marine clastics unconformably overlie Selangkai Gp and other basement. Eocene mudstones analyzed by Rock Eval pyrolysis: TOC 0.3- 5.2 % and classified as poor-fair gas source)


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Syarifuddin, N., M. Azhar, C.M. Adam, A. Wiweko, P. Dupouy et al. (2008)- South Mahakam exploration and development: synergies that make it happen. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-098, 9 p. (Most of S Mahakam delta fields discovered years ago, but of marginal size and none developed. Fields mainly gas-condensate, incl. Jumelai (1975), Jempang (1990), Stupa (1996) and Metulang (1998). Most gas in M-U Miocene Sepinggan deltaic series at 2850-3700m subsea, except for Jumelai reservoir, which is in M Miocene Jumelai sands. Recent revival of exploration and development) Syarifuddin, N. & I. Busono (1999)- Regional stress alignments in the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: a contribution from a borehole breakout study. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 123-135. (Borehole breakout data from 134 wells in Kutai Basin indicate maximum regional stress direction NW-SE, which deviates from anticlinorium trends and from strike of thrust-faults in region. Patterns influenced by reactivation of weak zones related to sediment loading (structural inversion)) Syarifuddin, N. & S. Masitah (2010)- Sisi-Nubi Field Development: Sand control strategy and implementation. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA10-E-015, 11p. (Sisi-Nubi 1986-1992 gas discoveries 25 km offshore Mahakam Delta in 60-90m water depth. Reservoirs multilayered Upper Miocene deltaic deposits between 1900-3800m SS interval. Poorly consolidated fresh-water bearing sands in upper part and relatively poor to tight, partly overpressured sands in deeper part. Syarifuddin, N. Wahyudi Susanto, Mauricio Bueno, Effendy Siawira (2010)- Optimized well placement and design to maximize recovery in Sisi-Nubi field development. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA10-G-016, 8p. Sydow, J. (1996)- Holocene to Late Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 160 p. Tafsiran, S. & M.H.J. Dirk (2003)- Geodinamika dan model pembentukan granit Lumo, Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 13, 142, p. ('Geodynamics and model of formation of the Lumo granite, C Kalimantan province') Taieb, R. & M.F. Sheppard (1993)- Les eaux de formation du Delta de Mahakam (Indonesie); evidences pour une infiltration d'eaux meteoriques dans les champs a hydrocarbures. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. 2, 317, 5, p. 623-628. (Evidence for infiltration of meteoric waters in formation waters from the Mahakam Delta oil fields). Tanean, H., D.W. Paterson & M. Endharto (1996)- Source provenance interpretation of Kutei Basin sandstones and the implications for the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Kalimantan. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 333-345. (Three Miocene- Recent sandstone types, all ‘recycled orogenic’ provenance. E Miocene (23-17 Ma) and Pliocene- Recent sandstones moderately quartzose with lithics from Cretaceous Rajang metasediments. Volcanic lithics record continuous volcanic activity. End-Early- earliest M Miocene sandstones volcanogenic, recording increase in W Kalimantan volcanic activity between 17- 14.5 Ma. High-quartz M -L Miocene sandstones form reservoirs in oil and gas fields along coast and offshore, and are recycled products of basin inversion events that advanced from W to E. Onset of basin inversion at zone N10 (14.5 Ma). No associated volcanic activity recorded in sediment) Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Vindplaatsen van Globotruncana Cushman in West-Borneo. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.Indie 96, p. 14- 18. ('Localities with Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifer Globotruncana in W Kalimantan'. Upper Cretaceous Globotruncana from 3 areas in W Kalimantan, Sungei Silat, Sg. Landak and Sg. Kajan, collected by Ehrat and Zeylmans)


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Tan Sin Hok (1937)- On the genus Spiroclypeus Douville with a description of the Eocene Spiroclypeus vermicularis nov. sp. from Koetai in East Borneo. De Ingen. in Nederl.-Indie 4, 10, p. 177-194. Tate, R.B. (1991)- Cross-border correlation of geological formations in Sarawak and Kalimantan. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 28, p. 63-95. Tate, R.B. (1996)- The geological evolution of Borneo Island. M.Sc. Thesis University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 393p. Tate, R.B. (compiler) (2001)- The geology of Borneo Island. Geol. Soc. Malaysia CD-ROM. Taylor, W.R., A.L. Jaques & M. Ridd (1990)- Nitrogen-defect aggregation characteristics of some Australasian diamonds: time-temperature constraints on the source regions of pipe and alluvial diamonds. American Mineralogist 75, p. 1290-1310. (Kalimantan alluvial diamonds similarities with E Australian Copeton, NSW diamonds, New England Fold belt, but different from Kimberley Block diamonds) Ter Bruggen, G. (1932)- Oud-Tertiair in phyllitische facies in West Borneo. De Mijningenieur 1932, p. 56-57. ('Early Tertiary in phyllitic facies in West Borneo') Ter Bruggen, G. (1935)- De Eocene fyllietformatie in Centraal-Borneo. Thesis, University of Delft, 139 p. (‘The Eocene phyllite formation in C Borneo’. See also English translation in Haile (1955, p. 39-124). Phyllites in NW Kalimantan/ S Sarawak Embaluh Complex contain zone Ta Assilina, Nummulites and Discocyclina, and transgressed by non-metamorphosed Late Eocene (zone Tb) clastics zone, suggesting Late Eocene or later lowgrade metamorphism. Conclusions harshly criticized by Zeijlmans van Emmichoven & Ubaghs, 1936) Ter Bruggen, G. (1936)- De Eocene fyllietformatie in Centraal-Borneo (een wederwoord). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 1936, IV, 3, 7, p. 124-126. (‘The Eocene phyllite formation in C Borneo (a reply)’. Reply to critical evaluation of Ter Bruggen (1935) by Zeijlmans & Ubaghs (1936). See also English translation in Haile (1955, p. 147-158)) Thalmann, H.E. (1942)- Hantkenina in the Eocene of East Borneo. Stanford Univ. Publ. Geol. Sci. 3, p. 5-24. (Occurrence of Late Eocene planktonic foram marker genus Hantkenina in Sangkulirang and Tanjung Selor regions, E Kalimantan) Thamrin, M. & Prayitno (1985)- Terrestrial heat flow in East Kalimantan (Barito, Kutei, Tarakan Basins). Proc. 21st Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bandung, 2, p. 110-121. (E Kalimantan basins average T gradient in 90 wells 3.22°C/ 100m. Normal heat flow values in basins: Barito with 1.80 HFU, Kutei 1.59 HFU and Tarakan-Bunyu with 1.68 HFU) Thomas, M.F., M. Thorp & J. MacAlister (1999)- Equatorial weathering, landform development and the formation of white sands in north western Kalimantan, Indonesia. Catena 36, 3, p. 205-232. (On Pleistocene white sand deposits of coastal NW Kalimantan, may be long-term weathering products of Miocene granodiorites) Thompson, J.F.H., H.Z. Abidin, R.A. Both S. Martosuroyo, W.J. Rafferty & A.J.B. Thompson, & (1994)Alteration and epithermal mineralization in the Masupa Ria volcanic center, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: T.M. van Leeuwen et al. (eds.). Indonesian mineral deposits- discoveries of the past 25 years, J. Geochem. Expl. 50, 1-3, p. 429-456. (Masupa Ria andesitic volcanic center in C Kalimantan with epithermal precious metal-bearing quartz vein, dated 24.6 Ma. Part of NE-SW belt of mid-Tertiary calc-alkaline volcanic arc rocks through C Borneo) Thorp, M.B., M.F. Thomas, T. Martin & W.B. Whalley (1990)- Late Pleistocene sedimentation and landform development in Western Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). Geol. Mijnbouw 69, 2, p. 133-150.


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(Widespread Pleistocene white quartz sands 15-20 m above Holocene floodplains in coastal regions of W Kalimantan) Thorp, M.B. & M.F. Thomas (1993)- Late Pleistocene sedimentation and landform development in western Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo); reply. Geol. Mijnbouw 71, 4, p. 363-368. (Reply to comments by Batchelor 1993 on Thorp et al. 1990 paper) Tichelman, G.L. (1931)- De onderafdeeling Barabai (Zuider- en Oosterafdeeling van Borneo). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 48, p. 461-486 and p. 682-711. ('The Barabai sub-department, SE Borneo'. Geographic description with some geologic-mining info on p. 463465) Tiwar, S. & J. Tasuno P.H. (1980)- The Tanjung (South Kalimantan) and Sei Teras fields (South Sumatra): a case history of petroleum in Pre-Tertiary basement. Proc. 16th Sess. CCOP, Bandung 1979, p. 238-249. (Part of oil production in Tanjung field, Barito basin, is from Pre-Tertiary weathered and fractured porphyritic volcanics and tuffaceous sandstones. Cumulative production about 21 MB oil and 14 GCF gas) Tjia, H.D. (1963)- Large deltas in Kalimantan. Contributions Dept. Geology, Inst. Technology Bandung 53 (Th.H.F. Klompe Memorial Volume), p. 73-90. Tjia, H.D. (1970)- Eocene directional indicators near Tandjung, Southeast Kalimantan. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geology and Mining, Bandung 3, 1, p. 29-32. Tjokrokardono, S. & A.S. Sastratenaya (1988)- Rich mineralized boulders of the Rirang River, West Kalimantan. In: Uranium deposits in Asia and the Pacific; geology and exploration, Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, p. 79-95. Tobler, A. (1927)- Maeandropsina im Tertiär von Ost-Borneo. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 20, 2, p. 321-323. (Larger foram Meandropsina in the Tertiary 3y of Van der Vlerk marly limestone of Samoei near Balikpapan, E Kalimantan) Tokita K., K. Tsukada, T. Akutsu & H. Honda (2005)- History and functions of petroleum system concepts in the Mahakam Delta province; a view in the history of petroleum production. In: Oil and gas from the Cenozoic non-marine source rocks in East Asia; a point of contact between petroleum system and Earth system, Sekiyu Gijutsu Kyokaishi (J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn.), Tokyo, 70, 1, p. 66-73. (Tertiary Mahakam Delta Province produced >3 GBO-equivalent. Origin of oil and gas believed to be nonmarine. Produced oils mostly waxy, heavy- medium oil. Exploration concept assumed non-marine origin of oil and gas, and reverse faults for oil and gas migration. Exploration targets in deepwater areas need significant supply of coal and coaly mud from delta to the deepwater areas in periods of lowstand) Tosin, S. & R. Kadir (1996)- Tipe reservoir sedimen Miosen Tengah di sub-cekungan Tarakan, Cekungan Tarakan, Kalimantan Timur. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 495-512. (‘Middle Miocene reservoir types in Tarakan Basin, E Kalimantan’) Tosin, S. & T.S. Priantono (1994)- Pengaruh deformasi intra Miosen pada perkembangan biostratigrafi daerah Tanjung, Cekungan Barito, Kalimantan Selatan. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 219227. ('Influence of intra-Miocene deformation on biostratigraphic development in the Tanjung area, Barito Basin, S Kalimantan') Trevena, A.S., S. Mahadi, S.A. Martinez, Marwoto et al. (1993)- Characterization of Upper Miocene deltaic reservoirs at Attaka field, offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: C.D. Atkinson, J. Scott & R. Young (eds.) Clastic rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia; a core workshop. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta 1993, p. 91-116.


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(Attaka reservoirs fluvial and distributary channels and delta-front bars in series of Upper Miocene sequences. Mean porosity/ permeability for fluvial sandstone cores are 30%- 1040 mD; distributary sandstones, 27%- 390 mD; high-energy, delta-front sandstones, 18%- 21.5 mD. Shallow sandstones at Attaka field abundant volcanic rock fragments and lower porosity- permeability than underlying more quartz-rich sandstones) Trevena, A.S., Y.J. Partono & T. Clark (2003)- Reservoir heterogeneity of Miocene- Pliocene deltaic sandstones at Attaka and Serang fields, Kutei Basin, Offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia- sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology, SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, p. 235-254. (Attaka and Serang fields M-Late Miocene sandstone reservoirs are delta front bars and distributary channels. Delta-front bars burrowed- laminated, fine-grained sandstones, up to 5m thick, and several km wide. Channel sandstones cross-stratified, coarse- to fine-grained, 3-17 m thick and < 1.5 km wide). Coarsest grained and thickest sandstones typically in lowstand deposits) Ubaghs, J.G.H. (1929)- De geologie van Koetai (Z.O. Borneo). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, 158p. (‘The geology of Kutai, E Kalimantan’. Geological Survey, Bandung, Open File report F29-03) Ubaghs, J.G.H. (1936)- De geologie van een gebied in Noord Kutai (Oost Borneo), gekenmerkt door Spiroclypeus-houdend Eoceen. De Ing. in Nederl. Indie IV, 3, 10, p. 183-195. (‘Geology of an area in N Kutai (E Kalimantan), characterized by Eocene with Spiroclypeus’. N margin of Kutei Basin with outcrops of intensely folded Pre-Tertiary (low metamorphic 'Danau Fm chert, marble, red phyllite and basic volcanics, overlain by less metamorphic ?Cretaceous thin-bedded sands-shales). Unconformably overlain by ~270m basal Tertiary polymict conglomerates and deltaic sandstones. Overlain by Eocene limestone bed with Nummulites, Discocyclina, and Pellatispira, followed by 1000’s of m thick marlysandy series with thin Eocene-Oligocene limestones) Ubaghs, J.G.H. (1940)- De geologie van Mangkalihat (Borneo). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, 62p. (‘The geology of Mangkalihat, Kalimantan’. Geological Survey, Bandung, Open File report F40-14) Ubaghs, J.G.H. & C.P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven (1936)- Beschouwingen over het Palaeogeen van Borneo. De Ingenieur in Nederl.-Indie, IV, 3, 9, p. 164-172. (Critical review of ‘confusing’ Borneo chapter in Badings (1936) paper ‘Paleogene of Indies Archipelago’) Ucok, H., C. Landeck, K. O'Donnell, D. Staples, W. de Boer & B. Antariksa (1995)- Small field development offshore East Kalimantan. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petr. Assoc. 2, p. 343-360. (Description of undeveloped 1971 Unocal Santan discovery, 10 miles E of Attaka, in Late Miocene reservoirs) Umar, L., E. Purnomo & A. Bachtiar (1987)- Prospek hidrokarbon batupasir Formasi Beriun di daerah Sangatta-Bungalun, Cekungan Kutai. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. ('Hydrocarbon prospects in sandstones of the Beriun Formation in the Sangatta- Bungalun area, Kutai Basin') Umar, I., A. Yasin & S. Koesoemadinata (1982)- Geologic map of the Balikpapan Quadrangle, East Kalimantan, 1:250,000 (sheet 1814). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1927)- Neogene foraminiferen van de Soengei Beboeloe, Pasir (Zuid Oost Borneo). Wetensch. Meded., Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 5, p. 28-41. (?Middle Miocene ‘Upper Tf’ larger foraminifera from Bebulu River, Pasir, SE Borneo) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1929)- Anthozoa van Noord-Oost Borneo. Wetensch. Meded., Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 9, p. 45-76. ('Anthozoans from NE Borneo'. Low diversity coral assemblages from Late Miocene- Pliocene Menkrawit, Antjang and Domaring beds, collected by Leupold in NE Kalimantan)


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Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1936)- Heterospira: a new foraminiferal genus from the Tertiary of Borneo. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 8, p. 155-157 (Description of Late Eocene larger foram Heterospira miriabilis n.gen., n.sp.. Genus later renamed Biplanispira) Untung, M., R. Sukamto, W. Sunata & H. Wahyano (1987)- Paleomagnetism along Transect VII, Geologic Report, Jawa-Kalimantan SEATAR Transect VII, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. 73-85. (Paleomagnetic study of 40 samples from 11 localities of Jurassic shallow marine rocks in NW Kalimantan, ~50 km S of Sarawak suggests 93° CCW rotation since Jurassic. Agrees well with Schmidtke et al. (1990) data for W Sarawak) Untung, M. (1996)- Geoscientific study along Kawa-Kalimantan-Sarawak- South China Sea transect. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 163-183. (W Borneo tectonically active from Triassic- Late Cretaceous, with 90° counterclockwise rotation since then) Vallet, J. (1983)- Seismic facies study in the Sepasu area of East Kalimantan. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 359-373. (Sepasu area on NE margin Kutai basin three major sequences: (1) Phase of M Miocene delta construction; (2) early Late Miocene transgression phase with extensive carbonate deposition; (3) E-ward basin tilting and regression with deltaic deposition in Late Miocene- Pliocene) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1939)- De geologie van het westelijke en zuidelijke deel van de Westerafdeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie (1939), Verhand., p. 187-319. (Compilation report of earlier mapping of W and S part of W Borneo. Mainly petrographic descriptions. Schwaner Mountains crystalline schists. C and E part described by Zeijlmans in same volume) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- Borneo. In: The geology of Indonesia, Government Printing Office, Nijhoff, The Hague, 1, p. 325-360. Van de Weerd, A.A., R.A. Armin, S. Mahadi & P.L.S. Ware (1987)- Geological setting of the Kerendan gas and condensate discovery, Tertiary sedimentation and paleogeography of the northwestern part of the Kutai Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv Indon. Petr. Assoc., p. 317-338. (Four phases of Tertiary sedimentation in NW Kutei Basin. (1) E-M Eocene Tanjung Fm basal coarse clastics grade upwards into shallow-marine clastics, up to 1000 m thick, onlap stable Barito Shelf. Syndepositional faults in basal sequence. Oil-productive near Tanjung. E Eocene subsidence synchronous with renewed or accelerated subduction beneath N-NW margin of Borneo; (2) Late Eocene-E Oligocene claystones in deep basins, flanked by shallow marine clastics and carbonates. Phase terminated by minor compressional event, with uplift and erosional truncation of some basement blocks; (3) Late Oligocene transgression, with platform carbonates (Berai Fm) over Barito Shelf and Kutei Basin basement highs and slope carbonates and deepmarine shales (Bongan Fm) in basin. Kerendan 1 gas discovery in isolated Oligocene carbonate platform on basement high in W Kutei Basin. (4) thick uppermost Oligocene-Miocene deltaic and non-marine deposits. Introduction of deltaics probably from areas undergoing inversion and uplift in N part of Kutei Basin and S China Sea area. Inversion and uplift of this part of Kutei Basin probably in Late Miocene) Van de Weerd, A.A. & R.A. Armin (1992)- Origin and evolution of the Tertiary hydrocarbon-bearing basins in Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 76, 11, p. 1778-1803. (M Eocene formation of extensional basins in Kalimantan. Transgressive M Eocene and E Oligocene nonmarine and shallow marine clastics, carbonates, and deep marine clastics, followed by regressive Late Oligocene-Miocene. Oligocene uplift, erosion, and structural segmentation into smaller basins. Deltaic sedimentation in latest Oligocene in upper Kutei basin, prograding E, by end E Miocene deltas near present Kutei coast. Lower(?)- M Miocene deltaic sediments also in Barito, Asem Asem and Pasir basins, probably contiguous with Kutei. Separate Miocene deltaic depocenter in Tarakan basin. Carbonate sedimentation in shallow areas between deltas. M Oligocene tectonism and magmatism. Inversion of upper Kutei basin and


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Meratus Mts uplift started in early M Miocene, related to third major plate readjustment in SE Asia. Regionally synchronous Miocene-Pliocene tectonic phases probably related to collisions of microcontinents along Sulawesi) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1923)- Een nieuwe Cycloclypeus soort van Oost-Borneo. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 10, 3, p. 137-140. ('A new Cycloclypeus species from East Borneo'. Larger foram Cycloclypeus martini n.sp. with external rings similar to C. annulatus, from Gunung Mlendung near Kari Orang, Kutai basin. Associated with Cycloclypeus annulatus, Flosculinella bontangensis, etc.) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1925)- A study of Tertiary Foraminifera from the "Tidoengsche landen" (E. Borneo). Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 3, p. 13-32. (Probably Late Oligocene- E Miocene larger forams from Naintoepo and Tempilan beds, NE Kalimantan. Little or no stratigraphy) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1929)- Groote foraminiferen van N.O. Borneo. Wet. Meded. Dienst Mijnb. Ned.-Indië, 9, pp. 3-44. (Eocene-Miocene larger forams collected by Leupold from Tidungsche Landen, Bulungan and Mangkalihat Peninsula, NE Borneo; stratigraphic table; no maps) Van de Velde, J. (1925)- De steenkolen-concessies van de N.V. Steenkolen Maatschappij "Parapattan' te Beraoe. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 553-559. ('The coal concessions of the Parapattan coal company at Berau'. On KPM-owned Miocene coal concessions with Rantau Panjang and Mary mines in N Kutai basin Berau River area, E Kalimantan. Coal outcrops part of N-S trending Rantau-Panjang anticline. ~70 coal horizons, 20cm- 5m thick; total coal thickness 111m in 1275m thick unfossiliferous stratigraphic section)

Van Dijk, P. (1882)- Onderzoek naar de ontginbaarheid van steenkolen aan de Riam Kanan, in de Zuider- en Oosterafeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 1881, 2, p. 213-237. ('Investigation into the exploitability of coal at the Riam-Kanan river, SE Kalimantan') Van Es, L.J.C. (1920)- Geologische kaart van Nederlandsch-Indie, schaal 1:1,000,000, Toelichting bij Blad IX (West Borneo en Billiton). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 47 (1918), Verh. 2, p. 1-35. (1:1 million geologic overview map and explanatory notes for West Borneo and Billiton) Van Leeuwen, T.M., T. Leach, A.A. Hawke & M.M. Hawke (1990)- The Kelian disseminated gold deposit, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 35, p. 1-61. (Kelian one of large Miocene volcanic-hosted gold discoveries, which occur in 400km long belt in C Kalimantan. Deposit in silicic pyroclastics overlain by Late Eocene sediments, which were folded/ faulted along N/ NE trends and intruded by andesitic bodies in E Miocene (K-Ar ages ~23 Ma), followed by hydrothermal alteration and mineralization around 20 Ma. Four stages of alteration/ mineralization. Magmatic-hydrothermal event followed by >900 m uplift and erosion in M-L Miocene and basaltic volcanism in Plio-Pleistocene. Second cycle of erosion in Pleistocene removed most of young volcanic cover, exposing deposit as known today. Mine closed in 2003) Van Schelle, C.J. (1880)- De geologische en mijnbouwkundige onderzoekingen in de Westerafdeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 9 (1880), 2, p. 33-41 (Early geological and mining survey of west Kalimantan) Van Schelle, C.J. (1882)- Eenige gegevens omtrent de goudproductie in een gedeelte der Res. Westerafdeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 12 (1883), Techn. Admin. ged., p. 45-69. ('Some data on the gold production in a part of W Kalimantan')


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Van Schelle, C.J. (1883)- Beschrijving van de kolenafzetting bij Napan aan de rivier Bojan, in het landschap Boenoet. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 12 (1883), Techn. Admin. Ged., p. 92-97. ('Descrition of the coal deposit near napan on the Boyan River, Bunut area') Van Schelle, C.J., M. Koperberg, N. Wing Easton & A.L.E. Gaston (1904)- Geologische Karte der Sultanate Pontianak und Sambas und der Panembahanate Mempawah und Landak in West-Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 33 (1904), Wet. Ged. p. (‘Geologic map of the Pontianak and Sambas sultanates and Mempawah and Landak districts in W Borneo’. With ten 1:100,000 scale maps) Van Straelen, V. (1923)- Description des Crustaces decapodes nouveaux des terrains tertiares de Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 26, 5-6, p. 489-492. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014967.pdf) (‘Description of new crabs from the Tertiary of Borneo’. Decapod crab fossils collected by Kemmerling in Barito Basin described as Ranina (Lophoranina) kemmerlingi (probably from Oligocene) and Calappilia borneoensis (from Eocene marls W of Lemoe village)) Van Straelen, V. (1923)- Description de Raniniens nouveaux des terrains tertiaires de Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 26, 9-10, p.777-782. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014998.pdf) (‘Description of new raninian crabs from the Tertiary of Borneo’. Decapod crab fossils collected by Lohr in Tuhup River valley, Barito Basin, described as Ranina (Hela) molengraaffi, Ranina toehoepae, etc.)) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1871)- Die Nummuliten des Borneo-Kalksteines Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Palaont. B9, p. 114. ('The Nummulites of the Borneo limestone'. First descriptions of Eocene Nummulites from SE Borneo (and Indonesia), incl. Nummulites pengaronensis n.sp.) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1874)- De Nummulieten uit den Eoceenen kalksteen van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 3 (1874), 2, p. 133-161. (Dutch version of 1871 paper on Eocene Nummulites from SE Borneo) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1875)- Geologische beschrijving der districten Riam-Kawa en -Kanan in de Zuider- en Ooster-afdeeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 4 (1875), 2, p. 3-130. (‘Geologic description of Riam-Kawa and -Kanan districts in the departments of S and E Borneo’) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1875)- Ueber die Gliederung der Eocanformation auf der Insel Borneo (Die Eocanformation von Borneo und ihre Versteinerungen). Palaeontographica, Suppl. III, p. 1-8. (‘On the subdivision of the Eocene formation on Borneo Island’) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1883)- Over het voorkomen van gesteenten der Krijtformatie in de residentie Wester afdeeling van Borneo. Versl. Meded. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Afd. Natuurk., 2, 18, p. 39-43. (‘On the occurrence of Cretaceous rocks in W Borneo’) Verdier, A.C., T. Oki & A. Suardy (1979)- Geology of the Handil field. (East Kalimantan- Indonesia). In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Giant oil and gas fields of the decade 1968-1978. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 30, p. 399-422. (Handil Field 1974 oil discovery in Mahakam Delta distributary plain. Broad anticlinal structure with 150 Middle-Late Miocene reservoir sands between 450-2900m. More than 70 lignite/coal marker beds used for correlation of fluvial-deltaic sand bodies) Verdier, A.C., T. Oki & Suardy (1980)- Geology of the Handil Field (East Kalimantan-Indonesia). SEAPEX Proc. 5, Singapore, p. 124-150. (Same as above)


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Viaene, W., T. Suhanda, N. Vandenberghe, Y. Sunarya & R. Ottenburgs (1981)- Geochemical soil prospecting in Northwest Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: 8th Int. Geochemical Exploration Symposium, J. Geochem. Expl. 15, 1-3, p. 453-470. (Geochemical analysis of soils in NW Kalimantan found anomalies of Cu, Mo, Au and Bi. Explained by porphyry-type mineralization of mainly chalcopyrite and molybdenite in quartz-enriched granodiorite. Possibility of belt of porphyry-type mineralization in W Kalimantan) Vijaya; A.S. & H.D. Iroe (1990)- Sepinggan field 3-D seismic survey East Kalimantan, Indonesia- case history. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon.Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1988, p. 119-130. Vo, D.T., S. Waryan, A. Dharmawan, R. Susilo & R. Witjaksana R. (2004)- Lookback on performance of 50 horizontal wells targeting thin oil columns, Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan; Part A, Well performance data. J. Canadian Petrol. Techn. 43, 11, p. 32-43. Vo, D.T., S. Waryan, A. Dharmawan, R. Susilo & R. Witjaksana R. (2004)- Lookback on performance of 50 horizontal wells targeting thin oil columns, Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan; Part B, Lessons learned from performance lookback data. J. Canadian Petrol. Techn. 43, 11, p. 44-48. Vogel, F. (1896)- Mollusken aus dem Jura von Borneo. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, ser. 1, 5, p. 127-153. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 25, Wetensch. Ged., p. 1-27) (Molluscs from the Jurassic of Borneo'. Molluscs collected by Wing Easton and Bosscha) Vogel, F. (1900)- Neue Mollusken aus dem Jura von Borneo. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, ser. 1, 6, p. 4076. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1899, Wet. Ged. 2) (‘New molluscs from the Jurassic of Borneo’. Upper Jurassic molluscs from W Kalimantan) Vogel, F. (1904)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der mesozoischen Formationen in Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. ReichsMus. Leiden, ser. 1, 7, p. 208- 220. ('Contributions to the knowledge of the Mesozoic formatons of Borneo'. Cretaceous molluscs from Nerinea sandstones from Bana, W Borneo, and Upper Triassic shale rich in Monotis salinaria, probably from SE of Kendai) Volz, W. (1905)- Die Insel Pulo Laut bei SO. Borneo als Beispiel einer Hebung durch ein Massenerguss. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Palaeont., Beil.-Band 20, p. 354-364. ('Pulau Laut island near SE Borneo as example of uplift through a mass eruption'. Main mountains of E half of Pulau Laut island up to 700m high and composed of Post-Eocene porphyrites. Eruptions thought to have uplifted Eocene sediments) Von Fritsch, K. (1877)- Die Echiniden der Nummuliten-Bildungen von Borneo. Palaeontographica Suppl. III, 1, p. 85-92. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 8 (1879), 1, p. 127-142) (‘The echinoids from the Nummulites beds of Borneo’. Description of rel. poor echinoid assemblage of 6 species, all new, collected by Verbeek) Von Fritsch, K. (1877)- Fossile Korallen der Nummulitenschichten von Borneo. Palaeontographica Suppl. III, 1, p. 93-135. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 8 (1879), 1, p. 143-230) (‘Fossil corals from the Nummulites beds of Borneo’ Description of well-preserved coral assemblage from Eocene limestone collected by Verbeek. Mainly new species) Von Fritsch, K. (1877)- Einige Crustaceenreste der Eocanbildungen von Borneo. Palaeontographica Suppl. III, 1, p. 136-138. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 8 (1879), 1, p. 231-236) (‘Some crustacean remnants from the Eocene formations of Borneo’) Von Fritsch, K. (1877)- Einige Eocane Foraminiferen von Borneo. Palaeontographica Suppl. III, 1, p. 144-


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(also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 8 (1879), 1, p. 236- 251) (‘Some Eocene foraminifera from Borneo’. Early descriptions of Nummulites and Discocyclina spp. Also first description of 'Patellina scutum' (= mid-Cretaceous Orbitolina) from Seberuang River, left tributary of Kapuas River, W Borneo) Von Gaffron, H. (1853)- Mededeeling aangaande den ijzererts gevouden ten Noorden van Kampong Tambaga in Tanah-Laut. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 1, 5, p. ('Note on iron ore found N of Tambaga village in Tanah Laut') Von Gaffron, H. (1854)- Geognostische tabel der rotssoorten van den berg Pengaron. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 1, 6, p. 145-150. ('Geognostic table of the the rock types of the Pengaron hill'. Early cross section of Pengaron hill, Meratus Mts front, site of late 1800's mining of Eocene coal in SE Kalimantan) Von Gaffron, H. (1857)- Verslag over de goudmijnen van Tanah Lawut (eiland Borneo). Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 1, 9?, p. 30-40. (Early report on alluvial gold mining by Chinese and dayaks in 'Tanah Laut' area, S Kalimantan) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1939)- Uber einige Ammoniten und Aptychen aus der Unteren Kreide von Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 68, Verhand., p. 162-171. ('On some ammonites and aptychs from the Lower Cretaceous of Borneo'. Lower Cretaceous ammonites and collected by Zeijlmans in Seberuang area, W Kalimantan, in beds previously ascribed to Upper Cretaceous. Similarities with Jambi, Sumatra, Valanginian noted. Lower Bedungan Fm (unconformable on PermoCarboniferous Bojan Fm meta-sediments and volcanics with Valanginian Pecten, Hoplites neocomiensis, etc.) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1961)- Tektites in Borneo and elsewhere. J. Sarawak Museum 10, p. 319-324. Vosburg, B. & H.H. Roberts (2003)- Sedimentary evidence for turbidity maximum influenced fluvial deposition in the modern Mahakam Delta. Trans Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. 53, p. 836-845. (Mahakam delta recent sedimentation) Wagner, C. (1986)- Mineralogy of the type kajanite from Kalimantan: similarities and differences with typical lamproites. Bull. Mineralogie 109, 5, p. 589-598. Wahyudi, M. & B. Supriyadi (1993)- Quantitative evaluation of hydrocarbon expulsion from the Meliat Formation in Sembakung Block, NE Kalimantan. Proc 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, p. 894905. Wain, T. & B. Berod (1989)- The tectonic framework and paleogeographic evolution of the Upper Kutei Basin. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 55-78. (Upper Kutei Basin at intersection of two tectonic trends: NW-SE (Adang- Cross Barito) and NNE-SSW (Meratus). Meratus trend reflected by deep magnetic anomalies which divide Upper Kutei into two domains. Surface strata correlate well interpreted deep seated elements believed to represent Cretaceous imbricated subduction complex with forearc, arc and backarc elements. NNW-SSE Meratus trend Paleogene basin precursor. NW-SE Adang Cross Barito High trend interpreted as part of Trans-Kalimantan tectonic zone linking Paternoster Platform with Lupar fault zone. Upper Kutei Basin Lower Paleogene Basins opened NW parallel to this trend. At end Paleogene this basin closed and SE-ward opening Kutei Basin was established. Activity on NW-SE trend strongly overprinted NNE-SSW Meratus trend and culminated in Late MiocenePliocene with major basin inversion and back-thrusting orthogonal to Adang-Cross Barito trend. NW limit of this back thrusting corresponds to interpreted Cretaceous volcanic arc) Wakita, K. (2002)- Secrets of lost diamonds- a geological trip Cretaceous accretionary complex in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chishitsu News 574, p. 53-67. (in Japanese)


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Wakita, K. (2002)- Hard kiss of mosquito on the Equator- a geological trip Cretaceous accretionary complex in West Kalimantan. Chishitsu News 576, p. 44-59. (in Japanese; online at http://www.gsj.jp/Pub/News/pdf/2002/08/02_08_09.pdf) Wakita, K., K. Miyazaki, I. Zulkarnain, J. Sopaluwakan & P. Sanyoto (1998)- Tectonic implications of new age data for the Meratus complex of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Island Arc 7, p. 202-222. (Meratus Cretaceous subduction complex melange with chert (with M Jurassic- M Cretaceous radiolarians), shale, limestone, basalt, ultramafic rocks and schist. Uncomformably covered by Late Cretaceous island arc volcanics and submarine volcanoclastics (Pitap Fm with Cenomanian or older radiolarians). Constraints on tectonic setting: (1) melange caused by subduction of oceanic plate covered by early M Jurassic to late E Cretaceous radiolarian cherts; (2) Aptian-Albian (110-119 Ma) Haruyan Schist, high P-low T metamorphism caused by plate subduction. M Jurassic (165, 180 Ma), intermediate-P metamorphic rocks along N margin; (3) Haruyan Fm, submarine volcanism in immature island arc setting, locally contemporaneous with Meratus Complex melange) Walgenwitz, F. & N. Jacquemet (2006)- Large scale introduction of compaction water expelled from overpressurized shales in gas field reservoirs of the Mahakam delta (Indonesia). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 18, p. A682. (Abstract only. Water salinities in Mahakam delta fields similar to range of connate water (fresh water in fluvial channels to sea water in marine mouth bars). However, analyses show present-day composition results from mixing of original connate waters with compaction water expelled from overpressured shales) Walia, T. & T. Edwards (2002)- Reinterpretation of the Sembakung oilfield, Kalimantan, Indonesia utilizing modern 3D seismic data. SEG 2002 Convention, Salt Lake City, 4p. (extended abstract) (New 3D seismic over 1975 ARCO oil discovery 80 km NW of Tarakan 35 stacked Mio-Pliocene deltaics in structural trap) Watters, R.A., G.B.H. Tucker & B. Soesila (1991)- Reconnaissance and follow-up exploration for gold in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 41, 1-2, p. 103-123. (Geochemical reconnaissance survey for gold in Central Kalimantan delineated seven anomalies, associated with Cretaceous Sepauk Tonalite) Weeda, J. (1958)- Oil basin of East Borneo. In: L.G. Weeks (ed.) Habitat of oil. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Spec. Publ. 18 , p. 1337-1346. (Three Tertiary oil production centers in E Borneo: Tarakan-Bunyu, Balikpapan (=Kutai), Tanjung (=Barito). Basin fill history similar to other Indonesian basins: basal sands overlain by shale, overlain by sands. PlioPleistocene folding, mainly parallel to coast) Westerveld. J. & W. Uytenbogaardt (1948)- Eenige mineralografische notities betreffende het erts van der mijn Salida, S.W.K.. Verhand. Koninkl. Nederl. Geol. Mijnb. Gen., Mijnbouwk. Ser. 1948, p. 59-65. (On the mineralogy of ores of Salida mine) Wibowo, A., J. Towart, J. Dirstein & M. Maklad (1999)- Seismic spectral signatures of the Badak oil and gas field, onshore Kutei Basin, Kalimantan: an example of seismic reservoir imaging and characterization. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 187-203. Wibowo, R.A., T. Setiawan, P.D. Silitonga, D. Tangkalalo & Z. Nurzaman (2006)- Identification of lower Tanjung high gamma ray anomaly as an indicator for production zones at Tanjung Oil Field, Barito Basin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-VSL-06, 4p. (Extended Abstract) Wibowo, A., B. Srisantoso & W.F. Turnbull (2009)- Improved subsurface analytical methods to identify bypassed zones in a mature gas field. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-E-016, 17p.


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(Reservoir study of 1972 Badak gas field in N Mahakam Delta. Cum production 12 TCF. More than 180 producing horizons, with 530 reservoirs) Wichmann, A. (1912)- Over rhyolieth van de Pelapis-eilanden. Verslag Vergad. Wisk.-Natuurk. Afd., Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 1912, p. 386-391 ('On rhyolite of the Pelapis islands', between SW coast of Kalimantan and Karimata islands. Rhyolitic volcanic rock sample collected by Everwijn in 1854 from islands composed of claystones intruded by granitic rocks) Widiarti, R. & Dardji Noeradi (2008)- Reservoir modeling of shallow zone in Handil Field, Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-SG-081, 11p. (Handil Field one of the largest fields in Mahakam Delta, producing oil and gas since 1975. Six Miocene reservoir zones. Sequence stratigraphy of Shallow Zone shows 4 reservoir intervals. One reservoir sand trends from NNW in one main channel then splitting into three distributary channels in SSE) Widodo, S., A. Bechtel, K. Anggayana & W. Puttmann (2009)- Reconstruction of floral changes during deposition of the Miocene Embalut coal from Kutai Basin, Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia by use of aromatic hydrocarbon composition and stable carbon isotope ratios of organic matter. Organic Geochem. 40, 2, p. 206-218. (M-L Miocene (~12-6 Ma) coals from Pulau Balang and Balikpapan Fms in Embalut mine near Mahakam River with common cadene. Miocene climate of Mahakam Delta not uniformly moist and cooler than present day climate, favoring growth of conifers, especially in montane forests) Widodo, S., W. Oschmann, A. Bechtel, R.F. Sachsenhofer, K. Anggayana & W. Puettmann (2010)- Distribution of sulfur and pyrite in coal seams from Kutai Basin (East Kalimantan, Indonesia): implications for paleoenvironmental conditions. Int. J. Coal Geol. 81, 3, p. 151-162. (Rich ash, sulfur and pyrite contents in Kutai Basin coals (especially Central Busang and Sebulu) related to Tertiary volcanic activity (Nyaan volcanics), with eolian transport to mire during or after peatification) Wight, A.W.R., L.H. Hare & J.R. Reynolds (1993)- Tarakan Basin, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia: a century of exploration and future hydrocarbon potential. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 263-288. (After century of exploration in Tarakan Basin four major oil fields (Pamusian, Bunyu, Sembakung, Juata), one large gas field (Bunyu Tapa) and five minor oil accumulations in NW-SE trending anticlinal structures, mainly on Tarakan and Bunyu islands. Cum. production over 320 MMBO. Reserves mainly in stacked fluvial PliocenePleistocene sandstone reservoirs. Also up to 90 shallow marine Upper Miocene- Pliocene reservoirs. Bunyu and Tarakan islands were Late Miocene- Pliocene depocenters, inverted in Late Pleistocene) Wijaya, P. H., D. Noeradi, Djuhaeni & A.K. Permadi (2010)- Reservoir distribution and quality of Pliocene deposits in Eastern offshore area, its implication to deepwater exploration of Tarakan Basin, East Kalimantan. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-128, 15p. Wikrama, A., R.L. Oscarson, A.L. Meier & R.R. Carlson (1992)- Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in South Kalimantan, Indonesia; evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions. Austral. J. Earth Scie. 39, p. 405-417. Williams, P.R. & B.H. Harahap (1986)- Geochemistry, age and origin of post subduction intrusive rocks in West Kalimantan and Sarawak. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 12, p. 43-54. (Major phase of Late Oligocene- E Miocene igneous activity in W Kalimantan and Sarawak. Majority I-tyoe granodiorites. Concentrated in thickest parts of Late Cretaceous- Early Tertiary sedimentary basin and probably represents deep crustal remelting in passive, post-subduction environment) Williams, P.R. & B.H. Harahap (1987)- Preliminary geochemical and age data from postsubduction intrusive rocks, northwest Borneo. Australian J. Earth Sci. 34, p. 405-415.


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(Major phase of Late Oligocene- E Miocene igneous activity in W Kalimantan and Sarawak, NW Borneo. Majority is granodiorite, similar to I-type granitoids. Main magmatic activity in thickest part of Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary sedimentary basins. Age of magmatism, tectonic position and geochemistry suggest it is related to deep crustal re-melting and intrusion in passive, postsubduction environment) Williams, P.R., C.R. Johnston, R.A. Almond & W.H. Simamora (1988)- Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary structural elements of West Kalimantan. Tectonophysics 148, p. 279-298. (Three W Kalimantan domains after E Cretaceous-Eocene convergent tectonics: (1) Schwaner Mountains, E-W across S and C West Kalimantan with subduction granitoids intruded into low-grade metamorphic rocks in E Cretaceous; (2) NW Kalimantan Late Carboniferous- Cretaceous sediments and volcanics; (3) NW Kalimantan Cretaceous flysch accretionary complex, a S continuation of mainly Tertiary Sarawak accretionary wedge. Boundary between Cretaceous accretionary domain and NW Kalimantan domain is transform fault marking W limit of Late Cretaceous S-dipping subduction. Growth of accretionary complex resulted in uplift of melange and flysch, on which extensional half graben formed with lacustrine deposits. Sedimentary basin formed between continental rocks to S and emergent accretionary complex to N, in forearc basin position. As accretion proceeded, locus of underthrusting migrated N and second melange ridge and sedimentary basin developed farther N. S-dipping subduction in E part of W Kalimantan in Late Cretaceous- Early Tertiary) Williams, P.R., S. Supriatna & B. Harahap (1986)- Cretaceous melange in West Kalimantan and its tectonic implications. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 69-78. (same as paper below) Williams, P.R., S. Supriatna & B. Harahap (1990)- Cretaceous melange in West Kalimantan and its tectonic implications. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 14, p. 29-37. (Extensive Boyan tectonic melange in W Kalimantan implies existence of WNW trending suture zone just S of Semitau on Kapuas River. Chaotic sheared argillite with blocks of metamorphics and ultramafics, now recognized as Late Cretaceous melange, not coherent Jurassic as suggested in 1939. Melange bordered by highly deformed Cenomanian- Turonian turbiditic Selangkai Fm, with blocks of shallow detritus, including Orbitolina sandstone. Characteristics of subduction zone, but no known igneous activity of this age) Williams, P.R., S. Supriatna, C.R. Johnston, R.A. Almond & W.H. Simamora (1989)- A Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary accretionary complex in West Kalimantan. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 13, p. 9-29. (Much the same as Williams et al. 1988) Williams, P.R., S. Supriatna, D.S. Trail & R. Heryanto (1984)- Tertiary basins of West Kalimantan, associated igneous activity and structural setting. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 151-160. Wilson, M.E.J. (2005)- Development of equatorial delta-front patch reefs during the Neogene, Borneo. J. Sed. Res. 75, 1, p. 114-133. (Early and Middle Miocene patch reefs formed in turbid waters associated with high siliciclastic input at Mahakam Delta margin. Reefs initiated on unstable substrates on local low-relief bathymetric highs associated with delta-front channels or distributary mouthbars in process of abandonment. Patch reefs developed only in shallow waters, formed low-relief buildups, lacked rigid frameworks, and had gently sloping margins) Wilson, M.E.J., W. Camp & M.J. Evans (2010)- Paleogene clastics, Mangkalihat, Borneo: implications for petroleum systems. AAPG Conv., New Orleans 2010, Presentation, 25p. (online at www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2010/10251wilson/ndx_wilson.pdf) (Outcrops of Eocene siliciclastics investigated at Mangkalihat Peninsula, NE Kalimantan. M Eocene deep marine Malio Mudstone with interbedded basalts underlain by E-M Eocene marginal marine Sembakung Fm with coals, sandstones, claystones and sandy carbonates, grading upward into carbonate-clastic shelf deposits. Late Eocene Sujau Fm quartz arenites, coals and sandy limestone (picture showing Pellatispira). Clastics in W derived from volcanic and low-grade metamorphic terrain, in E from higher grade metamorphic source with some cherts. Eocene block and basin development influenced environments and sediment pathways)


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Wilson, M.E.J., J.L.C. Chambers, M.J. Evans, S.J. Moss & D.S. Nas (1999)- Cenozoic carbonates in Borneo: case studies from northeast Kalimantan. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 183-201. (M Eocene- Plio-Pleistocene carbonates in N Kutai Basin and Mangkalihat Peninsula, NE Kalimantan) Wilson, M.E.J., J.L.C. Chambers, C. Manning & D.S. Nas (2012)- Spatio-temporal evolution of a Tertiary carbonate platform margin and adjacent basinal deposits. Sedimentary Geol., p. (in press) (Evolution of carbonate platform margin of little known Late Eocene- E Miocene Kedango Limestone that developed in semi-enclosed marine embayment atBengalon area, NE margin of Kutai Basin. Eleven carbonate facies in 30 km long W margin of > 600 m thick platform and adjacent slope and basinal deposits) Wilson, M.E.J. & M.J. Evans (2002)- Sedimentology and diagenesis of Tertiary carbonates on the Mangkalihat Peninsula, Borneo: implications for subsurface reservoir quality. Marine Petrol. Geol. 19, p. 873-900. (Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic shelf with intervening deeper water areas on E part of Mangkalihat Peninsula in the Late Eocene- Oligocene. During Oligo-Miocene shallow-water platform carbonates accumulated over much of Mangkalihat Peninsula. Platform steep, reef-rimmed N margin with marine cements. Platform interior low energy area, affected by leaching of aragonitic bioclasts. Best reservoir quality on platform in grainstones and packstones, towards platform interior from platform margin, with primary and secondary mouldic porosity) Wilson, M.E.J., M.J. Evans, N.H. Oxtoby, D.S. Nas et al. (2007)- Reservoir quality, textural evolution, and origin of fault-associated dolomites. AAPG Bull. 91, 9, p. 1247-1272. (Origin of dolomite near faults in Late Oligocene-E Miocene Taballar Lst of Mangkalihat Peninsuls, NE Borneo. Sr isotope signature suggestive of remobilization of fluids from older limestone) Wilson, M.E.J. & S.J. Moss (1999)- Cenozoic palaeogeographic evolution of Sulawesi and Borneo. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 145, p. 303-337. Wiman, S.K., A.W.R. Wight & S. Courteney (1995)- Geologic summary of Eastern Kalimantan. In: Seismic Atlas of Indonesian Oil and Gas Fields, II: Java, Kalimantan, Natuna, Irian Jaya, p. KAL-1-KAL-19. (Brief overviews of Kutei, Tarakan, Barito basins) Wing Easton, N. (1879)- Overzicht van de mijnbouwkundige onderzoekingen welke tot nu toe door den Dienst van het Mijnwezen in de Westerafdeeling van Borneo werden verricht met eene overzichtskaart. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1879, 1, p. 3-116. (‘Overview of investigations by the Department of Mines in the West Borneo region, with an overview map’) Wing Easton, N. (1894)- Geologisch mijnbouwkundige opneming van een gedeelte der Westerafdeeling van Borneo, Verslag 11, Het diamantvoorkomen in Landak. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1894, Techn. Admin. Ged., p. 94-130. ('The diamond occurrence in Landak, W Kalimantan') Wing Easton, N. (1899)- Voorloopige mededeeling over de geologie van het stroomgebied der Kapoeas-Rivier in de Westerafdeeling van Borneo. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 16, p. 245-258. ('Preliminary communication on the geology of the drainage area of the Kapuas River in W Kalimantan') Wing Easton, N. (comp.) (1904)- Geologische Karte der Sultanate Pontianak und Sambras und der Panembahanate Mempawah und Landak in West-Borneo. Topogr. Inrichting, Batavia, p. (‘Geological map of the Pontianak and Sambras sultanates and Mempwah and Landak areas in West Borneo’) Wing Easton, N. (1904)- Geologie eines Teiles von West Borneo nebst einen kritischen Ubersicht des dortigen Ertzvorkommens. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie (1904), Wetensch. Ged., p. 1-542. ('Geology of a part of W Borneo with a critical overview of its ore deposits'. Final report of many years of W Kalimantan geological survey)


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Wing Easton, N. (1914)- Geologisch overzicht van West Borneo; verschil en overeenkomst met Centraal en Zuidoost Borneo. Verslagen Geol. Sectie Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol. 1, p. 179-189. (‘Geological overview of W Borneo; differences and similarities with C and SE Borneo’; Verbeek ref. 2802) Wing Easton, N. (1917)- Had Borneo vroeger een woestijnklimaat? Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 34, 5, p. 680-695. ('Did Borneo have a desert climate in the past?'. Thick, massive unfossiliferous, unfolded, Eocene(?) 'Plateau sandstone' of W Kalimantan does not look like marine or fluvio-deltaic deposit, and is believeded to be eolian deposit, possible E-W trending dunes. This would imply much drier climate than today. 'Plateau sandstones' are rel. unconsolidated sands, erosional product of granites ('quartz porphyry'), up to 1000m thick. Also called Kajan Sst) Wing Easton, N. (1919)- Kristallijne schisten in West Borneo. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser., 4, p. 315-318. ('Crystalline schists in West Borneo'. Rocks originally described from W Kalimantan by Wing Easton in 1904 as diabase, quartz porhytites etc., should probably be regarded as metamorphic rocks (epidote-chlorite schists, quartzites and amphibolites). Metamorphism must be Early Triassic or older age Wing Easton, N. (1933)- De oorsprong der Borneo diamanten. Geol. Mijnbouw 20, p. 202-203. (‘The origin of the Borneo diamonds’) Witkamp, H. (1927)- Beknopt overzicht van de geologische resultaten der Midden-Oost Borneo expeditie 1925. In: D.W. Buijs et al., Midden-Oost Borneo Expeditie 1925, Weltevreden, p. 105-116. ('Brief overview of geological results of the Central- East Borneo expedition 1925. Geological observations made during a geographic expedition) Witkamp, H. (1928)- De Kedang Rantau (O. Borneo). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 45, p. Witkamp, H. (1928)- Een tocht naar den Goenoeng Ketam (Borneo). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 45, p. 412-439. (‘A trip to the Ketam mountain, Kalimantan’. Mainly geographic description) Witkamp, H. (1932)- Diamantafzettingen van Landak. De Mijningenieur 3, 13, p. 43-55. (‘Diamond deposits of Landak’. Summary of report by Witkamp by Van Bemmelen. Diamonds only at gravely base and in lowest alluvial deposits, especially where directly on bedrock, and always associated with 'leboer' rock (corundum?). Diamonds probably reworked from 'Plateau Sandstone' conglomerates; primary igneous source unknown. Little or no remaining potential for diamond exploitation in lower Landak area, as all visible gravel deposits have been thoroughly worked by Chinese and local Malay and Dayak prospectors) Witkamp, H. (1932)- Langs de Mahakam. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 49, p. 30-56. (‘Along the Mahakam’. Travel report of 1930 river trip up to Mamahak, with some geological observations) Witts, D. (2011)- Recognising sediment source areas of a transgressive coastal plain: the Barito Basin, Southeast Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: Conf. Sediment provenance studies in hydrocarbon exploration & production, Geol. Soc., London 2011, p. 24-25. (Abstract only) (late M Eocene- E Oligocene Tanjung Fm at base of Tertiary Barito Basin section deposited in tidallyinfluenced coastal plain setting, undergoing transgression. Palaeocurrent data indicate sediment transport into coastal plain by river system flowing to N. Sediment derived from Schwaner Complex in W and Karimunjawa Arch in SW, as indicated by provenance work. Sandstones texturally immature, but compositionally mature, due to tropical weathering processes removing unstable minerals and lithic grains. Karimunjawa Arch was elevated during Eocene and acting as a barrier to transport from inland areas of Sundaland)) Witts, D., R. Hall, R.J. Morley & M.K. BouDagher-Fadel (2011)- Stratigraphy and sediment provenance, Barito basin. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA11-G-054, 18 p.


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(Revised Eocene- Miocene stratigraphy and depositional model for Barito basin surface sediments. M EoceneE Oligocene Tanjung Fm clastics, minor limestones and coal deposited in fluvio-tidal coastal plain to marginal marine setting, sediment sourced from W and SW and mainly derived from metamorphic rocks. M-L Miocene Warukin Fm marginal marine to fluviodeltaic, sediment was being transported from W for oldest part, mainly derived from Schwaner Complex, lesser extent Rajang-Crocker Gp, partly from E for younger coal-bearing sequences (=Meratus Mts uplift ?)) Witts, D., R. Hall, G. Nichols & R. Morley (2011)-A new depositional and provenance model for the Tanjung Formation, Barito Basin, SE Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci., p. (in press) (Tanjung Fm of Barito Basin deposited from late M Eocene- late Early Oligocene. Most of formation deposited in tidally-influenced coastal plain and estuarine setting, and sediment was transported by rivers flowing to N. Heavy minerals and zircon geochronology identified Schwaner Complex W Borneo, Karimunjawa Arch and S continuation of Meratus Complex in Java Sea as main sediment sources) Wiroyudo, G.K. (1982)- Exploration review of the Bunyu PSC Area. CCOP Tech. Publ. 11, p. 141-154. Wiweko, A. & B. Giriansyah (2000)- Sedimentary facies of the Mahakam Delta: comparison between the Modern and the Miocene. Berita Sedim. (Indon. Sediment. Forum FOSI) 12, p. Wohler, F. (1866)- Ueber ein neues Mineral von Borneo: Laurit. Konigl. Ges. Wissensch. Gottingen, Nachrichten, p. 155-160. (On a new platinum-group mineral Laurite (RuS2) from Pontyn River, Meratus Range, SE Kalimantan) Yabe, H. (1921)- Notes on two foraminiferal limestones from E.D. Borneo. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd ser. (Geol.), 5, p. 100-108. (Eocene Nummulites, Discocyclina, Assilina in limestone from Marah, Bulungan, NE Kalimantan) Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1924)- A Lepidocyclina limestone from Sangkoelirang, Dutch E. Borneo. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. Trans. Abstr. 3, 2, p. 71-76. (M Miocene limestone with Miogypsina polymorpha, Cycloclypeus annulatus, Lepidocyclina angulosa, etc. from Maloewi Anticline, Sangkoelirang) Yang Mu & Peng Sheng-lin (2004)- Geodynamical features and geotectonic evolution of Kalimantan and adjacent areas. J. Central South University of Technology, China, 11, 3, p. 312-315. (Brief overview of Kalimantan tectonic provinces. No new data, poor English) Yoga, T.Y, F. Panggabean & Z. Abidin (2009)- Slump scar reconstruction and distribution in Tunu area and its impacts on field development strategy. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA-G-093, 13p. (Tunu giant gas field located at E limit of present Mahakam delta. Reservoirs mainly lower M Miocene deltaics between 7.3 Ma regional flooding surface and regional unconformity at 10.5 Ma. Local collapse of edge of deposited sediments during M Miocene produced large slump scars parallel to strike of Tunu anticline) Yulihanto, B., B. Wijayanto, Sulistiyono & T. Junaedi (2006)- Hydrocarbon system of the Paleogene sediment of the Melawi Basin, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-PG-11, 4p. (Melawi Basin intracontinental basin, surrounded by Triassic-Jurassic basement highs composed of granites and schists. Thick Early Cretaceous- Oligocene sediments. Main source rock kerogens of lacustrine-deltaic origin in Cretaceous and Late Eocene-Early Oligocene) Yuwono, Y.S., S. Priyomarsono, R.C. Maury, J.P. Rampnoux, A.R. Soeria-Atmadja, H. Bellon & P. Chotin (1988)- Petrology of the Cretaceous magmatic rocks from Meratus Range, Southeast Kalimantan. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 2, 1, p. 15-22.


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(Most Aptian-Senonian plutonic rocks in Meratus Mts of island-arc calc-alkaline affinity, so subduction-related tectonic environment proposed for Middle- Late Cretaceous of Meratus Range before (U Aptian- Cenomanian Alino Fm) and after obduction of peridotitic nappe (U Turonian- Senonian Manunggul Fm)) Zagalai, B.M. (1994)- A deterministic approach to modeling a giant field with numerous stacked reservoirs. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 51-64. (Reservoir model of Attaka Field (2 GBO and 3 TCF gas in place), N of Mahakam Delta. Producing reservoirs stacked over 10,000’ of Miocene deltaics) Zajuli, M.H.H. & Suyono (2011)- Organic geochemistry and Rock-Eval pyrolysis of Eocene fine sediments, East Ketungau Basin, West Kalimantan. J. Geol. Indonesia 6, 2, p. 95-104. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/publisher_detail/4) (Geochemistry of Eocene Mandai Gp mudstones of E Ketungau Basin, NW Kalimantan, suggest poor to fair, gas- prone source rock potential) Zaw, K.L., L.D. Setijadji, W. Warmada & K. Watanabe (2011)- Implications for adakite petrogenesis from the West Kalimantan. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-022, 8p. (Samples from Sintang Intrusive rocks are within adakite field. Sintang Intrusives supposedly post-collision magmatic event, with K-Ar ages of 23.0- 30.4 Ma in Melawi Basin, 16.4- 17.9 Ma in N; and 16.5±4 - 19±5 Ma in Sarawak adjacent to Sintang. Some samples within adakaite field, but not entirely typical adakite. Magmatic products of ~28.1 Ma chemical characters of adakitic magmatism. Sintang adakites may tie to Luconia Block collision than to subducted young oceanic plate) Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, C.P.A. (1935)- Bijdragen tot de geologie van Borneo. 2. Het Eoceen ten Z. van S. Kerijau in het O. deel van het centrale Mullergebergte (Wester-afdeeling van Borneo). De Ingenieur in Nederl. Indie 2 (1935), IV, 11, p. 102- 105. ('The Eocene S of S Kerijau in the E part of the central Muller Range.' See also English translation in Haile (1955, p. 279-285). First report of non-metamorphic Upper Eocene in W Kalimantan: non-marine clastics and shallow marine limestones with Nummulites/alveolinids/ discocyclinids in E part of Muller Mountains. Overlain by volcanics of uncertain age) Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, C.P.A. (1936)- On the supposed Lower Cretaceous age of Orbitolinidae of Japan and the Netherlands Indies. De Ingenieur in Nederl. Indie 1936, IV, 2, p. 24-29. (Another harsh and probably wrong Zeijlmans 6-page critique on single sentence in Yabe & Hanzawa (1931), suggesting Orbitolina from Kalimantan should be assigned to Orbitolina scutum and signify Late Aptian age. ZvE thinks it should be ‘Middle Cretaceous’, whatever that means. Schroeder in Sikumbang (1986) also identified the Meratus Mts Orbitolina as Late Aptian species, validating Yabe & Hanzawa (1931) conclusions) Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, C.P.A. (1938)- Korte schets van de geologie van Centraal Borneo. De Ingenieur in Nederl. Indie 5, IV, 9, p. 135-149. ('Brief sketch of the geology of Central Borneo'. Important overview of the poorly known Kalimantan-Sarawak border area from Kuching/S China Sea in W to upper reaches of Mahakam River in E. Three E-W trending tectonostratigraphic zones. Oldest rocks crystalline schists, as exposed in Schwaner Mts. Overlain by intensely folded Permo-Carboniferous (dominantly phyllitic abyssal rocks, locally with fusulinids, and basic volcanics), Upper Triassic flysch (with Monotis, Halobia and acid volcanic complexes) and folded Cretaceous (locally with Orbitolina). Tertiary mainly represented by Paleogene, locally deformed and metamorphosed) Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, C.P.A. (1939)- Pretertiary geology of the island of Borneo. 6th Pacific Sci. Congr., San Francisco, p. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, C.P.A. (1939)- De geologie van het Centrale en Oostelijk deel van de Westerafdeling van Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 68, Verhand., p. 1-186. ('The geology of the Central and Eastern part of the Western District of Borneo'. See also English translation in Haile (1955, p. 159-272). Overview of work of geological survey in W Kalimantan and parts of adjacent


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Sarawak. WNW-ESE trending belt of crystalline schists in W Kalimantan near Sarawak border, overlain by folded Permo-Carboniferous with fusulinid foraminifera and basic volcanics. Unconformably overlain by Upper Triassic marine fine clastics with Monotis and Halobia and acid volcanics. Unconformably overlain by relatively complete marine Cretaceous section in Sebaruang area, with Orbitolina at several levels. Upper Cretaceous folding event. Tertiary includes brackish-water Melawi fauna. In Upper Kapuas area intense postPaleogene folding and metamorphism event. Geology of W and S part of W Kalimantan described by Van Bemmelen in same volume) Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, C.P.A. (1940)- Het Schwanergebergte (westerafdeeling van Borneo). De Ingen. in Nederl.-Indie 7, IV, p. 79-100 and p. 103-122. (Description of geology and petrology of Schwaner mountains, W Kalimantan) Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, C.P.A. (1955)- Geology of the Central and Western division of Borneo. In: N.S. Haile (ed.) Geological accounts of West Borneo, Geol. Survey Depart. British Territories in Borneo, Bull. 2, p. 159-272. (English translation of Zeijlmans 1939 original Dutch paper) Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, C.P.A. & G. Ter Bruggen (1935)- Bijdragen tot de geologie van Borneo. 1. Voorlopige mededeeeling over het Tertiair ten W van het Merengebied in de Wester-afdeeling van Borneo. De Ing. in Nederl. Indie 2 (1935), IV, 11, p. 99-102. ('Contributions to the geology of Borneo 1: Provisional report on the Tertiary West of the Lakes district in the Western Division of Borneo'. See also English translation in Haile (1955, p. 273-277). Brackish-water Kantoe Beds clastics with thin coals can be correlated with Melawi Fm and Eocene Ta of Pengaron, Barito Basin. In SW overlain by 'Plateau- sandstone') Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, C.P.A. & J.G.H. Ubaghs (1936)- Bijdragen tot de geologie van Borneo. 3. Beschouwingen over den veronderstelden eoceenen ouderdom van de gehele 'Oude lei formatie' in Centraal Borneo. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 3 (1936), IV, 3, p. 37-45. ('Contributions to the geology of Borneo 3: A discussion of the supposed Eocene age of the entire 'Old Slate Formation' in Central Borneo'. See also English translation in Haile (1955, p. 125-138). A rather vicious and overly harsh critique of Ter Bruggen (1935) conclusion on Eocene age of Central Borneo phyllite formation, although some Eocene/ zone Ta larger forams are present. Believe some metamorphics are Pre-Tertiary) Zientek, M.L., B. Pardiarto, H.R.W. Simandjuntak, A. Wikrama et al. (1992)- Placer and lode platinum-group minerals in South Kalimantan, Indonesia: evidence for derivation from Alaskan-type ultramafic intrusions. Australian J. Earth Sci. 39, p. 405-417. (Platinum-group minerals (PGM) in placer deposits in several localities in S Kalimantan. Alluvial PGM found along Sungai Tambanio in part derived from chromitite schlieren in dunitic bodies intruded into clinopyroxene cumulates. A chromitite schlieren in serpentinite from one dunitic body with 'M'-shaped pattern typical of mineralization associated with Alaskan-type ultramafic complexes) Zulkarnain, I., J. Sopaheluwakan & S. Indarto (1995)- Geologi 'Komplek Akresi Kapur' Pegunungan Meratus, Kalimantan Selatan; sebuah tinjauan awal berdasarkan lintasan pegunungan Bobaris. Pros. Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Geoteknologi LIPI, Bandung, p. 7-21. (‘Geology of the Cretaceous accretionary complex of the Meratus Mountains, S Kalimantan, etc.’) Zulkarnain, I., J. Sopaheluwakan, K. Miyazaki & K. Wakita (1996)- Chemistry and radiometric age data of metamorphic rocks from Meratus accretionary complex, South Kalimantan, and its tectonic implication. Pros. Seminar Nasional Geoteknologi III, LIPI, Bandung, p. 687-696.


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IV.2. North Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei) Abdul Hadi & T.R. Astin (1995)- Genesis of siderite in the Upper Miocene offshore Sarawak: constraints on pore fluid chemistry and diagenetic history. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 395-413. (Authigenic siderite common inshelfal and tidal Upper Miocene reservoir sandstone of Baram field. Siderite cemented zones up to 2m thick. Siderite cement in five different sandstone types and four different crystal morphologies. Rhombic siderite, common in bioturbated and heterogeneous sandstone, has most adverse effect on reservoir characteristics of sandstones, reducing porosity to 10% and permeability to 2 md. Oxygen isotopes compatible with precipitation at shallow burial depth from unaltered seawater) Abdullah, W.H. (1998)- Common liptinic constituents of Tertiary coals from the Bintulu and Mera-Pila coalfield, Sarawak and their relation to oil generation from coal. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 41, p. 85-94. Abdullah, W.H. (1999)- Oil-generating potential of Tertiary coals and other organic-rich sediments of the Nyalau Formation, offshore Sarawak. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 255-267. Abdullah, W.H. (1999)- Petrographic features of oil-prone coals from the Brunei-Muara District, Negara Brunei Darussalam. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 621-627. Abdullah, W.H. (2001)- Oil staining in the onshore Togopi Formation, Dent Peninsula, NE Sabah Basin. Warta Geologi 28, 4, p. 153-156. (Extensive oil stain in remote outcrop of Togopi Fm limestone, Dent Peninsula) Abdullah, W.H. (2002)- Organic petrological characteristics of limnic and paralic coals of Sarawak. In: G.H. Teh (ed.), Annual geological conference Kuala Lumpur 2002, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 45, p. 65-69. (Study of Tertiary coals from Merit-Pila and the Mukah-Balingian coalfields of Sarawak. Coals deposited in two distinct depositional settings: Mukah-Balingian coals in paralic, lower coastal plain setting, Merit-Pila coals were deposited inland in lacustrine setting) Abdullah, W.H. (2003)- Coaly source rocks of NW Borneo: role of suberinite and bituminite in oil generation and expulsion. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geol. Conf. Exhib. 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 153-163. (Organic petrography suggests suberinite and some others identified as the most oil-prone macerals in NW Borneo coals. Oil-prone macerals most likely fom bark and root tissues of mangrove plants and other suberinbearing plant species) Abdullah, W.H., M.J. Hoesni & P. Abolins (1995)- Aspects of oil generation from coals: a Sarawak case study. The importance of exsudatinite and variations in organic facies characteristics. Geol. Soc. Malaysia- Petroleum Geology Conf. 1995, p. 24-25. Abdul Manaf, M., & R.H.F. Wong (1995)- Seismic sequence stratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments, offshore Sarawak deepwater area, Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 345-361. Abubaker, T., W.H. Abdullah and A.H. Abd. Rahman (2004)- Biomarkers as palaeoenvironment and thermal maturity indicators of the Sandakan Formation (Late Miocene) East Sabah, Malaysia. Malaysian J. Science 23, 2, p. 165-174. Abu Bakar, Z.A., M. Madon & A. Jalil Muhamad (2007)- Deep-marine sedimentary facies in the Belaga Formation (Cretaceous-Eocene), Sarawak: observations from new outcrops in the Sibu and Tatau areas. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 53, p. 35- 45. (Description of submarine fan facies in folded, flysch-type deep-marine rocks of Belaga Fm of Rajang Group) Adams, C.G. (1959)- Foraminifera from limestone and shale in the Batu Gading area, Middle Baram, East Sarawak. Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Dept. British Borneo 1958, p. 73-85.


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Adams, C.G. (1960)- Eocene and Miocene foraminifera from limestone and shale in the middle Baram Valley, Sarawak. British Borneo Geol. Surv. Ann. Rept. 1959, p. 64-67. (Occ. Discocyclina javana, Eorupertia, Halkyardia, Nummulites javanus, etc.) Adams. C.G. (1964)- The age and foraminiferal fauna of the Bukit Sarang limestone, Sarawak, Malaysia. Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Borneo Region 1963, p. 152-162. (Occ. Early Oligocene Borelis pygmaeus, Dictyoconus melinauensis n. sp., Halkyardia, Nummulites fichteli, etc.) Adams, C.G. (1965)- The foraminifera and stratigraphy of the Melinau Limestone, Sarawak, and its importance in Tertiary correlation. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London 121, p. 283-338. (Melinau Lst in NE Sarawak up to 7000’ thick, age Late Eocene- Early Miocene based on larger foraminifera) Adams, C.G. & R. Haak (1962)- The stratigraphical succession in the Batu Gading area, Middle Baram, North Sarawak. In: N.S. Haile (ed.) The Geology and Mineral Resources of the Suai-Baram Area, North Sarawak, British Borneo Geol. Survey Mem. 13, p. 141-150. Adams, C.G. & H.J.C. Kirk (1962)- The Madai-Binturong Limestone member of the chert- spilite formations, North Borneo, Geol. Mag. 44, p. 289-303. (Madai-Baturong limestone of Chert-Spilite Fm of Semporna Peninsula, SE coast of N Borneo, forms important marker horizon. With Upper Cretaceous algae and in marginal parts planktonic foraminifera (Globotruncana, Heterohelix, Praeglobotruncana). Chert-Spilite Fm uplifted against Upper Tertiary sediments along thrust fault (interpreted as seamount on oceanic crust by Lee (2003)) Adams, C.G. & G.E. Wilford (1972)- On the age and origin of the Keramit and Selidong Limestones, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Geological Papers, Geol. Survey Malaysia, 1, p. 28-42. Agostinelli, E., M. Raisuddin, E. Antoinelli & M. Aris (1990)- Miocene- Pliocene palaeogeographic evolution of a tract of Sarawak offshore between Bintulu and Miri. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) 13th Petroleum Geology Seminar, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 27, p. 117-135. (Six Mio-Pliocene paleogeographic maps offshore Sarawak show progressive shift of paleo-shoreline. W Baram line paleo-escarpment evident at least since M Miocene. NE of escarpment filled mainly in Late MiocenePliocene by deposits associated with prograding paleo-Baram Delta) Aitchison, J.C. (1994)- Early Cretaceous (pre-Albian) radiolarians from blocks in Ayer Complex melange, eastern Sabah, Malaysia, with comments on their regional tectonic significance and the origins of enveloping melanges. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 3, p. 255-262. (Red ribbon-bedded chert blocks in Miocene mudstone matrix melange in E Sabah with E Cretaceous (preAlbian?) radiolarian fauna, older than age of oceanic basement rocks in Sulu and Celebes Seas. Chert-Spilite Fm of E Sabah, from which blocks were probably derived, may represent fragments of early Pacific Ocean seafloor. These blocks were incorporated into mud-matrix melange developed during E Miocene NW-directed collision and overthrusting of Sulu volcanic arc onto thinned continental crust rifted from S China) Akiyama, Y. (1984)- A case history- exploration, evaluation and development of the Mamut porphyry copper deposit. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 17, p. 237-255 (Mamut deposit in NW Sabah higher associated gold-silver than normal porphyry copper deposits) Albaghdady, A., W.H. Abdullah & L. Chai Peng (2003)- An organic geochemical study of the Miocene sedimentary sequence of Labuan Island, offshore western Sabah, East Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 46, p. 455-460. Ali, M.Y. (1992)- Carbonate cement stratigraphy and timing of hydrocarbon migration: an example from Tigapapan Unit, offshore Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, 185-211.


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Ali, M.Y. (1995)- Carbonate cement stratigraphy and timing of diagenesis in a Miocene mixed carbonate-clastic sequence, offshore Sabah, Malaysia: Constraints from cathodoluminescence, geochemistry, and isotope studies. Sedim. Geol. 99, p. 191-214. Allman-Ward, P. (1998)- Subsurface deepwater challenges in Brunei. SEAPEX 12th Offshore SE Asia Conf. OSEA 98, Singapore, p. 219-233. Almond, J., P. Vincent & L.R. Williams, (1990)- The application of detailed reservoir geological studies in the D18 Field, Balingian Province, offshore Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 137-159. Alshebani, K.A., W.H. Abdullah & A.H. Abd. Rahman (2003)- Biomarker characterization and thermal maturity evaluation of Ganduman Formation, Sahabat area, Dent Peninsula, Sabah , Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 46, p. 461-466. Anderson, J.A.R. & J. Muller (1975)- Palynological study of a Holocene peat and a Miocene coal deposit from NW Borneo. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 19, p. 291-351. Anuar, A.P. Abolins, P. Crevello & W.H. Abdullah (2003)- A geochemical evaluation of the west Crocker Formation- clues to deepwater source rock facies. Warta Geologi, 29, 6, p. 267-268. (Abstract only) Anuar, A. & R.R.F. Kinghorn (1995)- Sterane and iriterpane biomarker characteristics from oils and sediment extracts of the Middle-Upper Miocene sequences, Northern Sabah basin. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, SE Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 415-436. (Biomarker studies on oils and sediments from N Sabah Basin wells show dominantly terrigenous organic matter source for hydrocarbons: high triterpane/sterane ratios, compounds diagnostic of land-derived plant organic matter such as oleanane and resins W, T and R, and predominance of C 29 regular steranes over C27 and C28. Majority of extracted sediments immature) Anuar, A. & A.J. Muhamad (1997)- A comparison of source rock facies and hydrocarbon types of the Middle Miocene sequence, Offshore NW Sabah Basin, Malaysia. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, p. 773-786. (Potential source rocks in NW Sabah Basin in three broad palaeoenvironments: 1) coastal-lower coastal plain; 2) fluviomarine and 3) continental shelf-deep marine areas. Preservation of organic matter seems related to high productivity, high sediment accumulation rates and resistant nature of Type I11 higher land plant waxes to oxidation and biodegradation. Anoxic depositional conditions not essential for organic matter preservation. Oils discovered in each of these settings similar biomarkers: large oleanane peak, common bicadinanes, and C2q-tetracyclic terpane, but only a small portion of source extracts correlates positively with Sabah oils) Asis, J. & Basir Jasin (2012)- Some Cretaceous radiolaria from Kuamut Melange, Kunak, Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Nat. Geoscience Conf., Kuching 2012, p. (Early Miocene-age Kuamut melange with broken Paleogene rock formations and dismembered ophiolite blocks embedded in shale matrix. Chert interbedded with folded siliceous shale and contains Aptian- Turonian radiolaria) Atkinson, C.D., M.J.B.G. Goesten, A. Speksnijder & W. van der Vlught (1986)- Storm-generated sandstone in the Miocene Miri Formation, Seria Field, Brunei (NW Borneo). In: R.J. Knight & R.J. McClean (eds.) Shelf sands and sandstones, Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 11, p. 213-240. Bachir, O. (1998)- Asymmetrical deformation, thrusts and microscale fracturation of the Nyalau Formation at Bintulu. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 55-62.


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Back, S., C.K. Morley, M.D. Simmons & J.J. Lambiase (2001)- Depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of Miocene deltaic cycles exposed along the Jerudong Anticline, Brunei Darussalam. J. Sedim. Res. 71, 6, p. 913-921. (Km-scale prograding delta clinoforms in outcrop. Large clinoforms at base of Miocene Belait delta represent three major sand-shale sequences. Accumulation most likely during relative sea-level lowstand. Overlying 1-1.5 km thick shale unit interpreted as transgressive and early highstand conditions. Rapid progradation of thick sand-dominated shoreface deposits characterizes late highstand. All sediments formed in shoreface to shelfal setting in front of a mud-rich delta, not continental-slope to deep-marine environment) Back, S., F. Strozyk, P.A. Kukla & J.J. Lambiase (2008)- Three-dimensional restoration of original sedimentary geometries in deformed basin fill, onshore Brunei Darussalam, NW Borneo. Basin Res. 20, p. 99-117. Back, S., H.J. Tioe, T.X. Thang & C.K. Morley (2005)- Stratigraphic development of synkinematic deposits in a large growth-fault system, onshore Brunei Darussalam. J. Geol. Soc., London, 162, p. 243-257. (Km-scale synsedimentary fault in outcrop in M Miocene deltaics along Jerudong Anticline, onshore Brunei Darussalam) Bait, B. (2003)- Geology of Kinabalu field and its water-injection scheme. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conference and Exhibition 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 165-179. (Geology and development of Late Miocene shallow marine 'L sandstone' reservoir in 1989 Kinabalu oil discovery, offshore Sabah shelf. Hydrocarbons in >30 reservoirs, trapped against Kinabalu growth fault) Balaguru, A. (1997)- Sedimentologi dan stratigrafi batuan sedimen Miosen di Lembangan Malibau, Sabah. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 40, p. 177-105. Balaguru, A. (2001)- Tectonic evolution and sedimentation of the southern Sabah Basin, Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 420p. (unpublished) Balaguru, A. (2009)- Basin evolution, stratigraphy and petroleum system of the NE Sabah Basin: based on integrated onshore and offshore studies. In: Proc. Petrol. Geol. Conf. Exh., Kuala Lumpur 2009, 4p. (At least 3 major tectonic phases in Mio-Pliocene in NE Sabah basin,: pre-rift forearc, rift and post-rift inversion. Regional intra-E Miocene unconformity as consequence of collision of Dangerous Ground Block with NW Borneo. End of rifting related to 15.5 Ma collision of Palawan microcontinent and Cagayan arc, producing inversion and M Miocene unconformity. Late Miocene unconformity uplift and erosion related to 8.6 Ma collision of Philippine Block and SE margin of SE Asia) Balaguru, A. & R. Hall (2009)-Tectonic evolution and sedimentation of Sabah, North Borneo, Malaysia. Extended Abstract AAPG Int. Conf. Exhibition, Cape Town 2008, 15p. (online at: www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2009/30084balaguru/images/balaguru.pdf) (At least 3 major episodes of NW-SE compression coinciding with ongoing subduction of proto-South China Sea during Late Eocene, E Miocene and M Miocene) Balaguru, A. & G. Nichols (2004)- Tertiary stratigraphy and basin evolution, Southern Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). J. Asian Earth Sci. 23, p. 537-554. (Stratigraphy revision, with recognition of late E Miocene regional unconformity around 22-19 Ma, earlier than generally accepted age of ~17 Ma. Cretaceous? ophiolitic basement overlain by Eocene accretionary complex and Oligocene deep marine forearc sediments. Late Oligocene- E. Miocene melange formation, etc.) Balaguru, A., G.J. Nichols & R. Hall (2003)- The origin of the circular basins of Sabah, Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 46, p. 335-351. (Sub-circular basins’ of Meliau, Malibau and Tidung areas are structurally controlled synclines, interpreted as remnants of single large basin, deformed in NW-SE trending transpressional zones)


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Balaguru, A., G.J. Nichols & R. Hall (2003)- Tertiary stratigraphy and basin evolution of Southern Sabah: implications for the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Sabah, Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conf. 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 27-49. (Revised stratigraphy, structure and tectonic evolution of S Sabah. E Miocene (Burdigalian) uplift/erosion event in outcrop may be equivalent to Deep Regional Unconformity offshore (but usually placed at 17 Ma). Eocene age accretionary complex over ophiolitic basement and Late Paleogene deep water forearc basin succession, including extensive melange. Localised limestone deposition during E Miocene uplift followed by up to 6000m of M Miocene deltaic clastics in two coarsening-upward successions. E Miocene unconformity result of deformation and uplift following underthrusting of S China Sea continental crust, which terminated Paleogene subduction beneath N Borneo. Renewed subsidence related to rifting in Sulu Sea. Transpressional deformation in Late Pliocene, possibly related to propagation of deformation from Sulawesi towards NW Sabah) Banda, R.M. (1994)- Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Miri-Tinjar road section, North Sarawak, Malaysia. In: F. Chand (conv.) Proc 25th Geol. Conf., Techn. Papers, 6, p. 77-116. Banda, R.M. (1998)- The geology and planktic foraminiferal stratigraphy of the Northwest Borneo basin, Sarawak, Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan, 145p. (online at: http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B14/B1451308/….) (Overview of NW Borneo/ West Sarawak geology, mainly reflecting Early Cretaceous- Eocene period of Sdirected subduction, creating accretionary complexes,which ceased after Late Eocene Luconia Block collision. Followed by study of planktonic foraminifera from overlying Late Oligocene-Pliocene basin) Banda, R.M. (2000)- The planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Miri-Gunong Subis area, Sarawak, Malaysia. Techn. Papers Min.Geosc. Dept. Malaysia 1, p. 89-131. (Miri-Gunong Subis area four lithostratigraphic unit: Suai Fm metamorphosed shale (Ga binaiensis Zone; early Early Miocene), Sibuti mudstone (Gs sicanus Zone; Mid Early Miocene), Lambir sandy alternations (Orbulina suturalis-Gr peripheronda Zone; early Mid Miocene) and Miri Fm (barren) sandy alternations) Banda, R.M. & A.U. Ambun (1997)- Major geological events since Cretaceous in Sarawak, Malaysia. In: M.P.J. Militante (ed.) Third Int. Symp. Int. Geol. Correl. Program (IGCP) Project 350, Cretaceous environmental change in East and South Asia. J. Geol. Soc. Philippines 52, p. 198-215. (Sarawak and NE Kalimantan 5 tectonostratigraphic units 1) Borneo Basement of Carboniferous-Triassic volcanics and metamorphics in NW and C Kalimantan; 2) E Cretaceous melange, widespread in Sarawak and Kalimantan, slices of W Sarawak Block, shallow to deep marine sediments and underlying ophiolitic rocks; 3) Folded Rajang Group, 5000’ of Early Cretaceous- Paleocene sediments in accretionary prism formed in response to S- directed subduction of oceanic lithosphere from Early Cretaceous- Late Eocene; 4) Isolated Basin clastics, and 5) Peripheral Neogene Basin clastics. Late Eocene regional deformation and uplift, termed Sarawak Orogen, with development of major faults like Lupar, Sebangkoi and Mersing) Banda, R.M. & E. Honza (1996)- Miocene stratigraphy of northwest Borneo Basin. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 22, 3, p. 242-243. Banda, R.M., D. Lakkui, P. Chung & N. Lian (2009)- Lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic correlations of Miocene sediments in the Pinangah coal basin and surrounding areas, Sabah. In: 11th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, p. Barckhausen, U., D. Franke, et al. (2002)- New insight into the crustal structure of the continental margin offshore NW Sabah/Borneo. EOS, Trans, Amer. Geoph. Union 83 (47, Suppl.), p. 1291-1292. Bayliss, D.D. (1966)- Foraminifera from the Bau Limestone Formation, Sarawak, Malaysia. Geol. Survey Borneo region Malaysia, Ann. Rept. 1965, p. 173-195. (Bau limestone rel. low diversity Late Jurassic foraminifera assemblages in W Sarawak; Hutchison 2005)


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Beauvais, L. & H. Fontaine (1990)- Corals from the Bau limestone formation, Jurassic of Sarawak, Malaysia. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) Ten years of CCOP research on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia, CCOP Techn. Publ. 20, p. 209-239. (Well-preserved Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgean- Tithonian, possibly extending into earliest Cretaceous) coral fauna from Bau Limestone, S of Kuching, W Sarawak. Corals belong to species of North Tethys, no species as known from S Tethys. Limestone similar to some limestones from Sumatra) Beets, C. (1943)- Brechites venustulus, ein neuer Fund aus dem Miocan der Landschaft Serawak, N.W. Borneo. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 13, p. 329-333. (On a new species of tube-shaped pelecypod of genus Brechites from Miocene of Sarawak) Benard, F., C. Muller, J. Letouzey, C. Rangin & S. Tahir (1990)- Evidence of multiphase deformation in the Rajang-Crocker Range (northern Borneo) from Landsat imagery interpretation: geodynamic implications. Tectonophysics 183, p. 321-339. (Sarawak structural trends essentially E-W, with first deformation in E-M Eocene. Second event marked by Nward thrusting of Eocene over Oligocene, prior to deposition of M Miocene. In Crocker Belt of Sabah, two oblique generations of structures before deposition of U-M Miocene. Tight folds, trending N-S in Brunei, N60E in N Sabah, bending to N130°E in Sandakan area. This pattern affected by late N60E-trending normal faults in C Sabah) (see also Comments by (1) Hutchison, Tectonophysics 204, p. 175-177 and (2) Haile, Tectonophysics 204, p. 178-180) Bundesanstalt Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (1990)- Mineral resources investigation in Sabah, East Malaysia, 1980-1984. Geol. Jahrbuch, B74, p. 1-135. (Collection of papers on mineral exploration activities in Sabah by Malaysian-German co-op, 1980-1984) Bidgood, M.D., M.D. Simmons & C.G. Thomas (1997)- Agglutinating foraminifera from Miocene sediments of North-west Borneo. In: M.B. Hart (ed.) Proc. 5th Workshop Agglutinating Foraminifera, Plymouth 1997, p. Bol, A.J. & B. van Hoorn (1980)- Structural styles in western Sabah offshore. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 12, p. 1-16. (Two structural provinces in Neogene basin West of Sabah mainland. In S and C Sabah( between LabuanMangalum) Late Miocene main tectonic phase creating steep, narrow, basement-involved anticlines. U Miocene foldbelt separated by important fault zones from province with similar, but Pliocene-age structures (between Mangalum and Kudat)) Bracco G.G.L., W. Schlager & E.W. Adams (2004)- Seismic expression of the boundaries of a Miocene carbonate platform, Sarawak, Malaysia. In: G.P. Eberli et al. (eds.) Seismic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems, AAPG Mem. 81, p. 351-365. (Miocene carbonate platform slope angles 2- 25° and 250-300 m relief. S slope characterized by bypass or erosion throughout aggrading phase of platform development and buried by shale with onlapping beds transported from S. On N flank, shale started to pile up during platform aggradation. Phases of erosional or bypass conditions were short and alternated with two phases formed when platform debris interfingered with shale. Asymmetry of platform architecture and distribution of sediments most likely due to paleowinds) Brondijk, J.F. (1963)- A reclassification of a part of the Setap Shale Formation as the Temburong Formation. British Borneo Geol. Survey Ann. Rept. 1962, p. 56-60. Brondijk, J.F. (1963)- Sedimentological investigation in North Borneo and northern Sarawak. British Borneo Geol. Survey Ann. Rept. 1962, p. 61-74. Brondijk, J.F. (1964)- The Danau Formation in NW Borneo. Malaysia Geol. Survey Borneo Region, Ann. Report 1963, p. 167-178.


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(Danau Fm with folded radiolarian cherts first described by Molengraaf in area of great lakes, in ~650 km E-W trending zone with average width of 60 km from W Borneo almost to E coast. Reintroduces name Danau Fm in Sarawak and Sabah for deposits like Lupar Fm and Chert-spilite Fm) Burgan A.M. & C. Aziz Ali (2009)- An organic geochemical investigation on organic rich sediments from two Neogene formations in the Klias Peninsula area, West Sabah, Malaysia. Chinese J. Geochem. 28, 3, p. 264-270. (Belait and Setap Shale Fms in Klias Peninsula area, W Sabah. Setap Fm TOC from 0.6 -1.54 wt% with mean hydrogen index 60.1 mg/g, Belait Fm TOC values 0.36-0.61 wt% with mean HI 38.2 mg/g. Not good quality source rocks. Maturation levels early peak oil in Setap Shale Fm and overmature in Belait Fm) Burgan A.M. & C.A. Ali (2009)- Characterization of the Black Shales of the Temburong Formation in West Sabah, East Malaysia. European J. Scientific Res. 30, 1, p.79-98. (online at: http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr_30_1_07.pdf) (Miocene Temburong Fm at Tenom Pangi Dam site, W Sabah, steeply dipping, turbiditic deep water sediments. TOC’s less than 0.5%. Organic matter mostly marine, with land plant contribution) Burgan A.M. & C. Aziz Ali & S. Tahir (2008)- Chemical composition of the Tertiary black shales of West Sabah, East Malaysia. Chinese J. Geochem. 27, 1, p. 28-35. (Chemical analyses of various shales from W Sabah) Burhannudinnur, M. & C.K. Morley (1997)- Anatomy of growth fault zones in poorly lithified sandstones and shales: implications for reservoir studies and seismic interpretation: part 1, outcrop study. Petroleum Geosc. 3, p. 211-224. Caline, B. & J. Huong (1992)- New insight into the recent evolution of the Baram Delta from satellite imagery. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 1-13. Carter, R.R., J.L.W. van Gils, W. Walton & K.F. Yap (1997)- Application of a new high resolution sequence stratigraphy for reservoir modeling studies of the Upper Miocene deltaic reservoirs of Champion field, offshore Brunei Darussalam. In: K.W. Shanley & B.F. Perkins (eds.) Shallow marine and non-marine reservoirs, Gulf Coast SEPM Found. 18th Ann. Reserarch Conf., p. 67-97. Casson, N., M. Wannier, J. Lobao & P. George (1998)- Modern morphology- ancient analogue: insights into deep water sedimentation on the active tectonic margin of West Sabah. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur 1998, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 399-405. Chaing, K.K. (2002)- Geochemistry of the Cenozoic igneous rocks of Borneo and tectonic implications. PhD Thesis, Royal Holloway University of London, p. (Unpublished) Chen, S.P. (1986)- Coal potential and exploration in Sarawak. In: In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 649-665. (Several coal deposits in Sarawak may be of economic importance. Silantek is Eocene coal in Ketungau basin at Kalimantan border. Three others Mio-Pliocene. Quality variable, grade from lignite to bituminous) Chen, S.P. & J.W.E. Lau (1978)- Malaysia, onshore sedimentary basins of Malaysia. 2. Sarawak. In: Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the ESCAP region, V, Min. Res. Dev. Ser. 44, p. 20-26. Chiu S.K. (1987)- The use of SAR imagery for hydrocarbon exploration in Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 161-182. Chung, E., Ting King King & O. AlJaaidi (2011)- Karst modeling of a Miocene carbonate build-up in Central Luconia, SE Asia: challenges in seismic characterisation and geological model building. In: Int. Petroleum Technology Conference, Bangkok 2011, IPTC 14539, p.


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(Alpha field one of best imaged isolated carbonate platforms in C Luconia. Dendritic features, interpreted as karst dissolution during sub-aerial exposure. Exploration well encountered total losses while drilling into karst (common in Central Luconia carbonates). Wells nearer to karst are more likely to water-out quicker) Clennell, B. (1991)- The origin and tectonic significance of melanges in Eastern Sabah, Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 407-429. Clennell, M.B. (1992)- The melanges of Sabah, Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 404 p. Clennell, M.B. (1996)- Far-field and gravity tectonics in Miocene basins of Sabah, Malaysia. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of SE Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ.106, p. 307-320. (Oceanic spreading ceased in S China Sea at ~17 Ma, after start of collisions of Asian mainland continental blocks and NW Borneo and Palawan, causing uplift, erosion and 'Deep Regional Unconformity' in NW Sabah. During compression at S margin of S China Sea, Sulu Sea underwent extension, with rifting in NW and oceanic spreading in SE. E Sabah changed from deep marine clastic depositional environment in Oligocene- E Miocene, to shallow marine and terrestrial sedimentation in M-L Miocene, with melange formation at time of the Deep Regional Unconformity. Inversion of Miocene in E Sabah limited to edges of basement blocks, which moved by far-field tectonic stresses. Post M Miocene basin evolution Sabah and Sandakan Basin influenced by mud diapirism and sagging of progradational sand-rich sediments into underlying muds and melange units) Collenette, P. (1955)- The coal deposits and a summary of the geology of the Silimpopon area, Tawau District, colony of North Borneo. Geol. Survey Department British Territories in Borneo, 74 p. (Coal seams of Silimpopon area in gently dipping Miocene strata. Pre-upper Eocene sediments (probably Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene) in N. Local igneous masses. Only one seam of economic significance) Collenette, P. (1958)- The geology and mineral resources of the Jesselton- Kinabalu area, North Borneo. Geol. Survey Department British Territories in Borneo Mem. 6, p. 1-194. Collenette, P. (1964)- A short account of the geology and geological history of Mt Kinabalu. Proc. Royal Soc. London, B, 161, 982, p. 56-63. (Mt Kinabalu is Early Pliocene circular granodiorite body, intruded into highly folded Eocene- Miocene sediments and associated ultrabasic and basic igneous rocks. Present landform considered to be mid-Pliocene peneplain, arched and deeply dissected, through which Kinabalu granodiorite has risen in isostatic adjustment) Collenette, P. (1965)- The geology and mineral resources of the Pensiangan and Upper Kinabatangan area, Sabah., Mem. Borneo Region Malaysia Geological Survey 12, p. 1-150. (Geologic map and description of S Sabah, at NE Kalimantan border. Mainly deep-water ('eugeosynclinal') U Cretaceous- U Eocene Rajang Gp sedimentary rocks in NE trending thrust faults of accretionary complex, which have locally undergone metamorphism. Overlain unconformably by shallower facies Oligocene-Miocene Kinabatang Gp, some folded in large 'circular basins' like Meliau and Malibau. Associated with U CretaceousLower Eocene basalt and spilite, Oligocene? gabbro and peridotite and younger basalt and spilite) Collenette, P. (1966)- The Gerinono Formation, Sabah, Malaysia. Borneo Region Malaysia, Geological Survey Ann. Reptort for 1965, Kuching, p. 161-167. Collins, J.S.H., C. Lee & J. Noad (2003)- Miocene and Pleistocene crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Sabah and Sarawak. J. Systematic Palaeont. 1, p. 187-226. (Twenty new species of Miocene and Pleistocene fossil crabs described from Sabah and Sarawak) Cottam, M., R. Hall, C. Sperber & R. Armstrong (2010)- Pulsed emplacement of the Mount Kinabalu granite, northern Borneo. J. Geol. Soc, London, 167, 1, p. 49-60. (Sabah Mt. Kinabalu pluton at least four discrete pulses of intrusion. Concentric growth zones in zircons indicate crystallization between 7.85- 7.22 Ma, and show pluton was emplaced in <800 ka. Oldest ages coincide with highest elevations. Inherited zircon ages indicate Upper Unit derived from S China margin


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attenuated continental crust, subducted beneath Sabah. Middle Unit sourced from melting of crystalline basement in Sabah) Cox, L.R. (1948)- Neogene Mollusca from the Dent Peninsula, British North Borneo. Schweiz. Palaeont. Abhand. 66, 2, p. 3-70. (Mollusks from Late Miocene- Pliocene sandy marls and clays near E tip of Dent Peninsula. Discusses proportion of living species, geologic ranges and index species). Crevello, P.D. (2001)- The great Crocker submarine fan: a world-class foredeep turbidite system. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 378-407. (Major Late Eocene-Early Miocene submarine fan complex off N Borneo, covering >25,000 km2) Crevello, P.D., H.D. Johnson, F. Tongkul & M.R. Wells (2008)- Mixed braided and leveed-channel turbidites, West Crocker Fan system, Northwest Borneo. In: T.H. Nielsen et al. (eds.) Atlas of Deep-Water Outcrops, AAPG Studies in Geology 56, p. Crevello, P., C. Morley, J. Lambiase & M. Simmons (1997)- The interaction of tectonics and depositional systems on the stratigraphy of the active Tertiary shelf margin of Brunei Darussalam. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia., Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 767-772. (M Miocene-Recent stratigraphy of Brunei Darussalam series of seaward younging basins. More than 15 km of deltaic marine sandstone and shale deposited in migrating depocenters. Sediments derived from nearby uplifted Crocker-Rajang accretionary range. Region dominated by at least three delta complexes) Cullen, A.B. (2010)- The Klias Peninsula and Padas River: NW Borneo, an example of drainage capture in an active tropical foreland basin. AAPG Conv. 2010, New Orleans, Search and Discovery Art. 50294, 7p. Cullen, A.B. (2010)- Transverse segmentation of the Baram-Balabac Basin, NW Borneo: refining the model. Petroleum Geosc. 16, p. 3-29. (W Baram Line separates two petroleum systems: (1) SW: Oligocene sst- Lower Miocene carbonate reservoirs of gas-prone Luconia system; (2) NE: oil-rich Baram-Balabac Basin in M Miocene- E Pliocene sst deposited in foreland basin. Baram-Balabac Basin four structural domains, with NW-SE trending boundaries similar to strike of W Baram Line. Domain boundaries probably deep structures in underlying rifted continental crust. Basin post-dates Sarawak Orogeny Eocene-E Oligocene collision of Dangerous Grounds-Reed Bank with Sabah and Palawan. Minimal Oligo-Miocene subduction of oceanic crust under NW Borneo. Sabah Orogeny and younger inversion events related to underthrusting of Dangerous Grounds driven by S China Sea opening and NW-directed subduction beneath SE Sabah) Cullen, A. (2011)- Influence of hinterland bedrock lithologies on aspect of Borneo's deepwater fold and thrust belt, Berita Sediment. 21, FOSI- IAGI, p. 9-14. (Online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/files/2011/06/FOSI_BeritaSedimentologi_BS-21_June2011_Final.pdf) (Catchment areas of Borneo’s major river systems different bedrock lithologies, affecting provenance type and potential reservoir quality. U Cretaceous-Paleogene deepwater Rajang-Embaluh Gp clastics main source of reworked quartzose sands shed into Kutei, Tarakan and Baram Basins. Much of Baram basin mud-dominated source, influencing development of raised peat mires, and structural style of deep water fold- thrust belt) Cummings, R.H. (1955)- A preliminary account of foraminifera from the Carbo-Permian, West Sarawak. Geol. Survey Dept. British Terr. Borneo, Ann. Rept. for 1955, p. 79. Cummings, R.H. (1961)- Limestones of the Terbat Formation, West Sarawak. Geol. Survey Dept. British Terr. Borneo, Ann. Rept. 1961, p. 36-48. (Terbat Fm with fusulid foraminifera of Early Permian Pseudoschwagerina zone. See also Fontaine 1990)


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Curiale, J., J. Morelos & W. Mueller (2000)- Molecular and isotopic compositional characteristics of Brunei oils; implications for source rock depositional setting. AAPG Ann. Mtg., Abstracts, p. A28. (Abstract only) (Brunei oils highly paraffinic, enriched in pristane relative to phytane, rich in oleanane and bicadinanes, enriched in C29 steranes relative to C27 and C28, and relatively depleted in extended homohopanes, consistent with presence of angiospermous organic matter and probably implying origin from coals or coaly shales) Curiale, J., J. Morelos, J. Lambiase, & W. Mueller (2000)- Brunei Darussalam- characteristics of selected petroleums and source rocks. Organic Geochem. 31, p.1475-1493. (Three Tertiary deltaic complexes deposited up to 10 km of sediments. Strong correlations between certain molecular maturity indicators and present-day temperature of reservoirs. Liquid hydrocarbon source potential in tidal and coastal embayment facies, and greatest in Miocene coals) Darman, H. & A.R. Damit (2003)- Structural control on sediment distribution in Offshore Brunei Darussalam, South China Sea. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 347-353. (Brunei offshore Neogene clastics compartmentalized by faults controlled by gravitational gliding and tectonics. Two types of fault systems, NW dipping down-to-basin faults and SE dipping, counter-regional faults) De Coo, J.C.M. & J.W.E. Lau (1977)- Recognition of reef facies in the Bau limestone (Upper Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous), Sarawak. Geol. Survey Malaysia, Geological Papers 2, p. 72-78. (Brief survey of facies in Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous Bau Limestone S of Kuching, W Sarawak. Deposited in reefal setting, mostly oncolite- algal and pelletal back-reef facies. Reef facies rudist-gastropod boundstone and coralgal boundstone. No facies maps) De Kroes, J. (1926)- Uitkomsten van het mijnbouwkundig onderzoek van goudhoudende terreinen in de zoogenaamde Chineesche districten van de residentie Westerafdeeling van Borneo. Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederl.-Ind., Verslagen Mededeel. Indische delfstoffen en hare toepassingen 19, p. 1-27. ('Results of mining investigations of gold-bearing terrains in the so-called Chinese Districts of the Residency of West Borneo'. Area extensively exploited for alluvial gold by Chinese 'kongsi's' in mid-1800's. Large number of 5-10-m deep shallow drillholes revealed only sub-economic quantities of gold. Not much on geology of area) Demyttenaere, R., J.P. Tromp, A. Ibrahim, P. Allman-Ward & T. Meckel (2000)- Brunei deep water exploration: from sea floor images and shallow seismic analogues to depositional models in a slope turbidite setting. Proc.GCS SEPM Found. 20th Ann. Res. Conf., Deep-water Reservoirs of the World, p. 304-317. De Silva, S. (1986)- Stratigraphy of the South Mukah - Balingian region, Sarawak. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 12, 5, p. 215-220. Dhonau, T.J. & C.S. Hutchison (1966)- The Darvel Bay area, East Sabah, Malaysia. Malaysia Geol. Surv., Borneo Region, Ann. Rept 1965, p. 141-160. Dill, H.G. & E.E. Horn (1996)-The origin of a hypogene sarabauite-calcite mineralization at the Lucky Hill AuSb mine Sarawak, Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 14, p. 29-35. (Gold-bearing hypogene mineralization from Lucky Mill Mine in Bau mining district, Sarawak, contain sarabauite and calcite as major constituents. Mineralization two stages, I: wollastonite, diopside and epidote in Bau Limestone at T >400°C; II, sarabauite with gold at T above 377°C) Doust, H. (1981)- Geology and exploration history of offshore Central Sarawak. In: M. Halbouty (ed.) Energy Resources of the Pacific Region, AAPG Studies Geology 12, p. 117-132. Edwards, M.B. (2002)- - Sequence stratigraphic responses to shoreline-perpendicular growth faulting in shallow marine reservoirs of the Champion field, offshore Brunei Darussalam, South China Sea: Discussion. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 86, 5, p. 919-921 (Critical discussion of Hodgetts, Imber et al. (2001) paper, followed by Reply)


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Elliott, G.F. (1972)- Trinocladus exoticus, a new dasycladacean alga from the Upper Cretaceous of Borneo. Palaeontology 15, 4, p. 619-622. (New algal fossil from Upper Cretaceous Chert-Spilite Fm, Sabah) Epting, M. (1980)- Sedimentology of Miocene carbonate buildups, Central Luconia, Offshore Sarawak. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 12, p. 17-30. (C Luconia Miocene carbonate province with >200 buildups. Majority with excellent seconday porosity from fresh-water leaching and dolomitization. Four basic facies types) Epting, M. (1989)- Miocene carbonate buildups of Central Luconia, offshore Sarawak. In: A.W. Bally (ed.) Atlas of seismic stratigraphy, AAPG Studies in Geology 27, p. 168-173. (Over 60 M-L Miocene carbonate buildups tested in C Luconia province shelf area since 1967. Seven giant gas fields >1 Tcf and >20 smaller gas accumulations. Size and distribution of buildups structurally controlled. Large platform-type buildups on highs, pinnacle-type buildups in areas of stronger subsidence, and closer to the source of clastic material. SW-NE alignment of buildups probably reflects rift-induced structural trends. Most buildups now covered by 1000-2000m of progradational deltaic clastics) Faisal, M.M., S.A.K. Omang & S.H. Tahir (1995)- Geology of Kota Kinabalu and its implications to groundwater potential. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 38, p. 11-20. (Kota Kinabalu area underlain by complexly folded Late Eocene-Lower Miocene Crocker Fm sands-shales, overlain by Quaternary Alluvium. Only Crocker Fm sandstone units and Quaternary alluvium significant groundwater reservoirs) Farrant, A.R., P.L. Smart, F.F. Whitaker & D.H. Tarling (1995)- Long-term Quaternary uplift rates inferred from limestone caves in Sarawak, Malaysia. Geology 23, p. 357-360. Ferguson, A., A. Bouma, L.D. Santy & S. Suliaman (2004)- Control of regional and local structural development on the depositional stacking patterns of deepwater sediments in Offshore Brunei Darussalam. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia & Australasia symposium, Jakarta 2004, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 113-125. Fitch, F.H. (1955)- The geology and mineral resources of part of the Segama Valley and Darvel Bay area, Colony of North Borneo. Geol. Survey Dept. British Territories in Borneo, Mem. 4, p. 1-142. (Mapping of Segama valley- Darvel Bay area, E Sabah. Pre-Late Eocene peridotites asscociated with Late Cretaceous- Early Eocene deep marine sediments and volcanics (Chert-spilite formation), deformed into Ndipping thrust sheets. Rare metamorphics, including glaucophane schist. After 'Middle' Eocene folding-uplift locally overlain by Eocene and Miocene formations, with reworked ophiolite debris at base of Tertiary. Period of andesitic volcanism in Early Miocene (Aquitanian). Folding episode between Early Miocene (Td-Te1-4; = Oligocene;HvG) and rel. undeformed Late Miocene (Te5-Tf; = E-M Miocene; HvG). With 1:125k scale geologic map, with remarkable lack of faults) Fitch, F.H. (1956)- Problems of stratigraphy and geotectonics in North Borneo. Proc. 8th Pacific Science Congr., 2, p. 537-551. (Status of geologic research in N Borneo, with special reference to age of pre-Tertiary and lower Tertiary sedimentary and intrusive rocks and close tectonic relationship of N Borneo with Philippines) Fitch, F.H. (1958)- The geology and mineral resources of the Sandakan area and parts of the Kinabatangan and Labuk valleys, North Borneo. Geol. Survey Dept., British Territories in Borneo, Mem. 9, p. 1-189. (Area with sedimentary, extrusive, intrusive, and metamorphic rocks of upper Cretaceous-Tertiary age. W quarter of area ultrabasic intrusives of Tingka-Meliau mountains and flanking basalts surrounded by sediments of Eocene Kulapis and Crocker Fms. Flatter country of remainder of area Kulapis Fm, with Aquitanian strata, and Upper Miocene beds that form circular basins. Copper deposits in Sandakan area) Fitch, F.H. (ed.) (1961)- British Borneo. In: Lexique stratigraphique international, III, Asie, 7b, p.


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(Second edition of North Borneo stratigraphic lexicon) Fontaine, H. (1990)- The Terbat Formation of Sarawak (Malaysia): a very peculiar limestone. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) Ten years of CCOP research on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia, CCOP Techn. Publ. 20, p.173-181. (W Sarawak Terbat Fm dark grey limestone with fusulid foraminifera and little or no corals, described earlier by Krekeler (1932), Cummings (1961) and Sanderson (1966). Locally up to 600m thick. Unlike earlier papers here believed to be mainly of M-U Carboniferous age, ranging up into earliest Permian (Moscovian- E Asselian). Warm water limestones with some similarities to limestones of E Malay Peninsula, E Thailand and Vietnam, but very different from age-equivalent rocks of W Malay Peninsula- Peninsular Thailand ('Sibumasu'). Pebbles of possibly related fusulinid limestone found in conglomerates of Triassic (Sadong Fm), Jurassic (Kedadom Fm) and Cretaceous (Pedawan Fm) ages) Fontaine, H. & W.K. Ho (1989)- Note on the Madai-Baturong limestone, Sabah, East Malaysia; discovery of Caprinidae (Rudists). CCOP Newsletter 14, 3-4, p. 27-32. (Isolated limestone occurrence with Upper Cretaceous rudists at Gunung Madai, East Sabah. May be deposited on seamount; Lee 2003) Foo Yuan Han (2010)- Biostratigraphy correlation of the Subis Limestone with equivalent limestone bodies in offshore Balingian province, Sarawak and Prupuh limestones in Java. In: Proc. ICIPEG 2010, Int. Conf. Integr. Petrol. Eng, and Geosciences, Kuala Lumpur 2010, p. 31-32. (Abstract only) (Subis Lst is member of Tangap Fm at Niah. Larger benthic foraminifera include Miogypsina, Nephrolepidina, probably E Miocene age. Similar age limestone in wells in Balingian province, offshore Sarawak and NE Java) Franke, D., U. Barckhausen, I. Heyde, M. Tingay & N. Ramli (2008)- Seismic images of a collision zone offshore NW Sabah/ Borneo. Marine Petrol. Geol. 25, p. 606-624. (BGR seismic data from S South China Sea used to investigate Miocene- Recent compressional sedimentary structures of continental margin off NW Borneo) Ganesan, B.M.S. (1997)- Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the offshore western Sarawak shelfal area. Proc. ASCOPE 97 Conf., 2, p. 131-148. Gassim M.B., S.H. Tahir & S. Sadikun (1995)- Structural geology of the Crocker Formation and its tectonic control, Sabah, Malaysia. Proc. Int. Symp. Geology of Southeast Asia and adjacent areas, Hanoi 1995, J. of Geol. Hanoi, B, 1995, 5-6, p. 181-196. (Late Eocene- Early Miocene Crocker Fm turbiditic sediments of W coast Sabah subjected to at least two tectonic events: (1) Early-Middle Miocene folding due to N-S and NW-SE directed compression and (2) Pliocene NE-SW compression, less pronounced than (1)) Gassim, M.B. & S.H. Tahir (1995)- Canggaan bertindan dalam Formasi Crocker di kawasan Tamparuli.Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 38, p. 49-61. (‘Superposed deformation in the Crocker Formation of the Tamparuli region’. Measured section of Crocker Fm sandstone-shale along Tuaran-Tamparuli road. Sedimentary structures show beds are inverted. Deformation in two events: early M Miocene folding along NE-SW trend, followed by deformation along NW-SE trend) Gassim, M.B., S. Tahira & D.A. Brunotte (1993)- Tectonic evolution of Marudu Bay, Sabah. In: 7th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of SE Asia (GEOSEA VII), Bangkok 1991, J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 513-527. (Marudu Bay, N Sabah, stratigraphic sequences in ascending order: Chert Spilite Fm, Crocker Fm, Kudat Fm, S Banggi Fm and Timohing Fm. Igneous rocks, especially serpentinite, also randomly distributed. Several episodes of deformation. Marudu Bay has undergone rifting due to clockwise rotation since M Miocene) Gastony, G.J. (1969)- Sporangial fragments referred to Dictophyllum in Triassic chert from Sarawak. Amer. J. Botany 56, 10, p. 1181-1186.


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(Sporangial fragments of Mesozoic ferns in Late Triassic (Norian) black chert interbedded with trachytic volcanic rocks of Serian Volcanic Fm, Penrissen Region, W Sarawak. Referred to Dictyophyllum exile) Gebregergis, T.M.& W. I.W. Yukoff (2010)- Burial and thermal history model to evaluate source rock, in Tatau Province, offshore Sarawak Basin, Malaysia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exh., Calgary 2010, Search and Discovery Article 40706, p. (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2011/40706gebregergis/ndx_gebregergis.pdf) Gee, M.J.R., H.S. Uy, J. Warren, C.K. Morley & J.J. Lambiase (2007)- The Brunei slide: a giant submarine landslide on the North West Borneo Margin revealed by 3D seismic data. Marine Geol. 246, p. 9-23. Geiger, M.E. (1963)- Paleogeography of Late Cretaceous- Eocene geosyncline in the Northwest Borneo. Geol. Sutvey Malaysia Ann. Rept. 1963, Kuching, p, 179-187. Goesten M.J.B.G. & P.J. Ealey (1986)- Storm generated sandstones and their depositional geometry in a Miocene reservoir from the north coast of Borneo. In: R.J. Knight & R.J. McClean (eds.) Shelf sands and sandstones, Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 11, p. 339-340. Gower, R.J.W. (1990)- Early Tertiary plate reconstructions for the South China Sea region: constraints from NW Borneo. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 1, p. 29-35. (Subduction of oceanic crust beneath NW Borneo during Late Cretaceous- E Tertiary, associated with development of major 'Crocker-Rajang' accretionary complex. Contemporaneous outer arc basin sedimentation in W Sarawak and E Kalimantan consistent with SE-dipping subduction zone. Initiation of major clastic depocenter in Baram-Belait area in E Miocene (Brondijk 1963), indicates major change in sedimentation and deformational style at NW Borneo continental margin) Grant, C.J. (2003)- The Pink Fan: a classic deep-marine canyon-fill complex, Block G, NW Sabah. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conference and Exhibition 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 85-94. (3D-seismic and well data for deep water NW Sabah sand-prone fan systems. Four major Middle-Upper Miocene fan depositional cycles between ~12 and 6 Ma. Pink Fan is the youngest, furthest outboard, still connected to its feeder systems, and with two unnamed wells. Four or more separate feeder-fan apron systems ) Grant, C.J. (2004)- The Upper Miocene deepwater fans of Northwest Borneo. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Deepwater and frontier exploration Symposium, IPA-AAPG Jakarta 2004, p. 421-428. (Offshore NW Borneo 1992 Shell discovery of large gas volumes in turbidite reservoirs beneath shelf edge, proving existence of large deepwater sand-rich fan systems offshore NW Borneo) Grant, C.J. (2005)- Sequence boundary mapping and paleogeographic reconstruction: the keys to understanding deepwater fan deposition across the NW Borneo active margin. Proc. SE Asian Petroleum Exploration Society (SEAPEX) Conf., Singapore 2005, p. Graves, J.E. & D.A. Swauger (1997)- Petroleum systems of the Sandakan Basin, Philippines. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 799813. (Offshore Sandakan basin (Sulu Sea) up to 16 km of Mio-Pliocene sediment, eroded mainly from EoceneOligocene Crocker Fm in Sabah, after extensive Miocene uplift. 17 wells drilled, 7 with hydrocarbon tests or shows. Probable Mid-Miocene mixed oil-gas prone source rock. Sandakan basin history: Early Miocene intraarc rifting accompanied by widespread volcanic activity, M- L Miocene delta aggradation, latest Miocene growth faulting, Pliocene delta progradation, Plio-Pleistocene carbonate deposition) Grissemann, C., H. Henning & A. Yan (1990)- Geophysical contribution to prospecting for massive sulfide deposits in the Bidu Bidu Hills in Sabah, Malaysia. Geol. Jahrbuch, B 74, p. 31-63. (On exploration of massive sulfide ores in areas of chert-spilite formations in E Sabah)


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Hadley, D.F., E. Arochukwu, K. Nishi, M. Sarginson, H. Salleh & M. Omar (2006)- Depositional modelling of Champion Field, Brunei: assessing the impact of reservoir architecture on secondary recovery. In: Proc. SPE Asia Pacific Oil Gas Conf., Adelaide 2006, 30p. (Champion field multi-billion bbl STOIIP oilfield off Brunei, producing since 1972 from >250 wells. Production to date is <20% of original oil in place. Two main reservoir types: (1) stacked shoreface parasequences (majority of reservoirs); (2) tide-dominated sediments channel fill or bar complexes) Hageman, H. (1987)- Palaeobathymetrical changes in NW Sarawak during Oligocene to Pliocene. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 21, p. 91-102. (Comparison of NW Sarawak Oligocene-Pliocene paleobathymetric history with global curve suggest Middle Miocene- Pliocene changes largely controlled by eustacy, but Late Oligocene- E Miocene global changes masked by tectonic movements) Haile, N.S. (1952)- The coal deposits and geology of part of the Klingkang Range, West Sarawak, with a detailed account of the Silantek and Abok seams. Geol. Survey Dept., British Territories Borneo, 30 p. (Tertiary (probably Eocene) coal-bearing beds outcrop along N scarp of Klingkang Range over ~18 miles. Several seams, interbedded with Tertiary estuarine deposits. Coal high-grade bituminous in rank, may be due to metamorphism caused by emplacement of nearby igneous intrusions) Haile, N.S. (1954)- The geology and mineral resources of the Strap and Sadong Valleys, West Sarawak, including the Klingkang Range Coal. British Territories Borneo Region Geol. Survey, Mem. 1, p. 1-150. (W Sarawak Strap-Sadong valley area with intensely folded Carboniferous-Permian (grey Terbat Lst with fusulinids, white chert and shale) and Upper Triassic (clastics with Monotis and Halobia,becoming more sandy to S and E). Unconfomably overlain by thick E Tertiary non-marine Silantek Fm shale-dominated series with thin coals and brackish water molluscs and 1000+ m of Plateau Sandstone. Igneous rocks: pre-Triassic granite, Triassic lavas and tuffs and Tertiary shallow igneous stocks and sills. Workable quantities of probably Eoceneage coal, small amounts of gold, diamonds, bauxite, etc.) Haile, N.S. (1957)- The geology and mineral resources of the Lupar and Saribas Valleys, West Sarawak. Malaysia Geol. Survey Borneo Region, Mem. 5, 123 p. + 1: 125,000 scale map. (Lupar-Saribas valley region tightly folded Upper Cretaceous- Lower Eocene Rajang group geosynclinal sediments and volcanics, unconformably overlain by Upper Eocene- Miocene estuarine and continental beds of Plateau series. Late Tertiary intrusive granitic stocks and laccoliths and dolerite sills. Thin-bedded coals in Plateau series and gold-bearing placers exploited on small scale) Haile, N.S. (1961)- Notes on Mesozoic orogeny in West Borneo. Proc. 9th Pacific Sci. Congr., Bangkok 1957, 12, p. 117-120. (Granite intrusions and stratigraphic relationships indicate folding may have occurred in Late Permian-Early Triassic and in Early Jurassic. No evidence of orogenic activity in Cretaceous) Haile, N.S. (1962)- The geology and mineral resources of the Suai-Baram area, North Sarawak. British Borneo Geol. Survey Mem. 13, 176 p. (Suai-Baram area Upper Cretaceous -Recent sediments with >45,000’ of sandstone and shale. Pre-Pliocene strata moderately to highly folded. Regional strike N to NE, which also influenced Early Pliocene folding. Entire area part of North Borneo geosyncline since Late Cretaceous, with sediments probably derived from central granitic part of Borneo and later from Cretaceous and Eocene sediments) Haile, N.S. (1968)- The Northwest Borneo geosyncline in its geotectonic setting. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull.1, p. 59. (Abstract only) (Summary of Haile (1969) paper. One of last tectonics papers of SE Asia to use geosynclinal theory) Haile, N.S. (1969)- Geosynclinal theory and the organizational pattern of the North-West Borneo geosyncline. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. 124, 2, p. 171-188.


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(NW Borneo geosyncline of Sarawak, Brunei and W Sabah, ~800 km in NE-SW direction. Thick Late Cretaceous- late Cenozoic sequence, classified into 4 groups: (1) Rajang Gp (Late Cretaceous- E Miocene): thick, folded flysch with chert-ophiolite at base. (2) Baram Gp (Late Eocene- Late Miocene): mainly argillaceous, with sandstones and limestones. (3) Plateau Gp (Late Cretaceous to? Miocene): thick molassetype continental deposits in S; (4) Brunei Gp (Oligocene to Recent): estuarine and marine deposits with molasse affinities in N. Migration of flysch deposition, orogeny, and molasse deposition, from S to N) Haile, N.S. (1996)- Note on the Engkilili Formation and the age of the Lubok Antu Melange, West Sarawak, Malaysia. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 22, 2, p. 67-70. Haile, N.S., S.K. Lam & R.M. Banda (1994)- Relationship of gabbro and pillow lavas in the Lupar Formation, West Sarawak; implications for interpretation of the Lubok Antu Melange and the Lupar Line. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Conf. Petroleum geology VIII, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia. 36, p. 1-9. (Lupar Line regarded by many as major suture, but uncertainties regarding relationship of various belts and rock types. Outcrops for Hydroelectric Project show gabbro in U Cretaceous Lupar Fm bedded flysch is intrusive and pillow lavas interbedded (not older oceanic crust emplaced tectonically as faulted slices). Junctions between Lubok Antu Melange and Lupar Fm, and between Lupar and Layar Fm, may be major sutures, whereas Lupar Valley may only be fault zone in broad melange belt) Haile, N.S. & N.P.Y. Wong (1965)- The geology and mineral resources of the Dent Peninsula, Sabah. British Borneo Geol. Surv. Mem. 16, 199 p. Halim, M.F.A. (1994)- Geothermics of the Malaysian sedimentary basins. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Spec. Issue, 36, p. 163-174. Hall, R., M.A. Cottam, S. Suggate, C. Sperber & G.E. Batt (2008)- The geology of Mount Kinabalu. Sabah Parks Publ. 13, 77 p. Harper, G.C. (1975)- The discovery and development of the Seria oilfield. Brunei Museum, Penerbitan Khas Bil. 10, p. 1- 99. Hasegawa, S., R. Sorkhabi, S. Iwanaga, N. Sakuyama, M. Naofumi & O.A. Mahmud (2005)- Fault-seal analysis in the Temana Field, offshore Sarawak, Malaysia. In: R.Sorkhabi & Y.Tsuji (eds.) Faults, fluid flow, and petroleum traps, AAPG Mem. 85, p. 43-58. (Fault-seal assessment of normal fault in Tertiary clastics in Temana field, Balingian, offshore Sarawak. Shale smear factor values <6 and clay content ratio >30% on fault surface indicate across-fault sealing of reservoir rocks on sand-sand interfaces) Hashimoto, W. (1973)- Sarawakia ellipsactinoides, gen. et sp., nov., an Elipsactinia-like fossil from the Bau Limestone Formation, Sarawak, Malaysia. Geol. Palaeont Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press,12, p. 207-215. (New stromatoporoid species from Late Jurassic Bau Limestone, W Sarawak) Hashimoto, W. (1982)- Preliminary notes on fossil records of East Malaysia and Brunei. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 23, p. 137-175. Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1977)- Orbitolinas from West Sarawak, East Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi (ed.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 18, p. 49-57. Hashimoto,W.& K. Matsumaru (1981)- Larger foraminifera from Sabah, Malaysia, part 1: Larger foraminifera from the Kudat Peninsula, the Gomantan area and the Semporna Peninsula. T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 22, p. 49-54. Hasiah, A.W. (1999)- Oil-generating potential of Tertiary coals and other organic- rich sediments of the Nyalau Formation, onshore Sarawak. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 255- 267.


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Hasiah, A.W. & P. Abolins (1998)- Organic petrological and organic geochemical characterisation of the Tertiary coal-bearing sequence of Batu Arang, Selangor, Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16, 4, p. 351-367. (Selangor Batu Arang Tertiary coal-bearing sequence with oil shales dominated by Botryococcus-derived telalginite and Pediastrum-derived lamalginite. Coals hypautochthonous in origin, mainly duroclarite-type. Both thermally immature. Remarkably, oleanane and bicadinanes, linked to angiosperm plants, not observed) Hay, A. K. (2000)- Overview of the Baram Delta province, Brunei Darussalam. Berita Sedim. (Indon. Sediment. Forum) 12, Indon. Assoc. Sedim., p. Hazebroek, H.P. & D.N.K. Tan (1993)- Tertiary tectonic evolution of the NW Sabah continental margin. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 195-210. (Review of NW Sabah Oligocene- Pliocene tectonostratigraphic provinces and history) Hazebroek, H. P., D.N.K. Tan & J. M. Lamy (1992)- Tectonic evolution of the Northwest Sabah continental margin since Late Eocene. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015. (Abstract only) (Four-stage tectonic evolution model of NW Sabah shelf (1) Late Eocene - early M Miocene subduction of S China Sea oceanic crust beneath Borneo, with creation of accretionary prism, (2) collision of S China Sea attenuated continental crust with Borneo in early M Miocene, leading to uplift and erosion of accretionary prism and creation of 'Deep regional unconformity', followed by M Miocene- early Late Miocene NW progradation over inboard belt;. (3) Cessation of active subduction in middle Late Miocene accompanied by major tectonic activity, with compressional deformation of Inboard Belt, creating 'Shallow Regional Unconformity';(4) In Outboard Belt and East Baram Delta, thick prograding wedge built out to NW from Late Miocene- Holocene. Late Pliocene deformation mainly in Outboard Belt and E Baram Delta) Heer, P.E. & H. I. Thio (1998)- South Furious Field, the evolution of an interpretation: subsurface model based on latest drilling results. In: Proc. SEAPEX Expl. Conf. OFFSEA 98, Singapore 1998, p. 125-139. (S Furious oil field off N Sabah 1974 discovery in M Miocene sands in complex compressionl wrench structure) Hesse, S., S. Back & D. Franke (2009)- The deep-water fold-and-thrust belt offshore NW Borneo: gravitydriven versus basement-driven shortening. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 121, p. 939-953. (Tectonic restorations of NW Borneo fold-and-thrust belt comparing amount of deep-water shortening compared to extension across shelf suggests gravity-driven shortening decreases from S to N, while total amount of shortening increases slightly to N. Basement-driven compression inferred to increase to N. Most of shortening Late Pliocene and younger, ongoing) Hesse, S., S. Back & D. Franke (2010)- The structural evolution of folds in a deepwater fold and thrust belt- a case study from the Sabah continental margin offshore NW Borneo, SE Asia. Marine Petrol Geol. 27, 2, p. 442454. Hesse, S., S. Back & D. Franke (2010)- Deepwater folding and thrusting offshore NW Borneo, SE Asia. In: G.P. Goffey et al. (eds.) Hydrocarbons in contractional belts, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 348, p. 169-185. (2D seismic data shows extensive series of folds at leading edges of imbricate thrusts in deepwater offshore NW Borneo. Widest and youngest anticlines near present-day thrust front, narrowest and oldest folds in most landward parts of fold–thrust belt. Main thrust activity Pliocene–Holocene age) Hesse, S., D. Franke & S. Back (2006)- Active tectonics of the continental margin offshore Sabah, northwest Borneo. In: AAPG Int. Conference and Exhibition, Perth 2006, Abstracts, p. 52. Higgs, R. (1999)- Gravity anomalies, subsidence history and the tectonic evolution of the Malay and Penyu Basins (offshore Peninsula Malaysia)- Discussion. Basin Res. 11, p. 285-290.


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Hinz, K., J. Fritsch, E.H. Kempter, A.M. Mohamed, J. Meyer, D. Mohamed, H. Vosberg, J. Weber & J. Benavidez (1989)- Thrust tectonics along the north-western continental margin of Sabah, NW Borneo. Geol. Rundschau 78, 3, p. 705-730. (Plate tectonic models suggest inactive subduction zone along NW continental margin of Sabah. BGR seismic data show autochthonous continental terrane with Oligocene- E Miocene carbonate platform, progressively overthrust by allochthonous rock complex) Hinz, K. & H.U. Schluter (1985)- Geology of the Dangerous Grounds, South China Sea, and the continental margin of southwest Palawan: results of Sonne cruises SO-23 and SO-27. Energy 10, p. 297-315. Hiscott, R.N. (2001)- Depositional sequences controlled by high rates of sediment supply, sea-level variations and growth faulting: the Quaternary Baram Delta of northwestern Borneo. Marine Geol. 175, p. 67-102. Hiscott, R.N. (2003)- Latest Quaternary Baram prodelta, Northwestern Borneo. In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia- sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology, Soc. Sedim. Geology (SEPM) Spec. Publ. 76, p. 89-107. (Quaternary Baram Delta >1 km thick on outer continental shelf of Brunei, with mud-prone highstand delta lobes, sand-prone lowstand shelf-edge deltas, incised-valley fills and transgressive sheet-like deposits on wavecut ravinement surfaces. Shelf break defined by prominent fault scarp ~130 m below sea level. Rugged slope relief due to growth faulting, mud diapirism, submarine canyons, sediment sliding, levees along turbiditycurrent channels that head in region of shelf-edge deltas, ETC.) Hitam, R. & M. Scherer (1993)- Distribution and migration of source rocks in Brunei Darussalam. Proc. 5th Asian Council on Petroleum Conference and Exhibition (ASCOPE), Bangkok 1993, p. 1-12. Ho, F., G. Jaeger & P. Lambregts (2003)- Seismic interpretation of carbonate turbidites in Central Luconia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conference and Exhibition 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 77-83. (Central Luconia offshore carbonate buildups mainly Middle-Late Miocene age. Growth initiated on highs formed during Late Oligocene rifting. Seismic evidence for carbonate turbidite deposits between buildups) Ho, W.K. (1990)- Central Luconia Middle Miocene carbonate play, Sarawak Basin, Malaysia. CCOP Techn. Publ. 23, p. 67-85. Hodgetts, D., J. Imber, C. Childs, S. Flints, J. Howell et al. (2001)- Sequence stratigraphic responses to shoreline-perpendicular growth faulting in shallow marine reservoirs of the Champion field, offshore Brunei Darussalam, South China Sea. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 85, 3, p. 433-457. (Champion field, off Brunei, thick M-U Miocene shallow marine sediments associated with major growth fault systems and deposited as part of paleo-Baram delta. Growth faults strike perpendicular to paleo-shoreline orientation. Depositional responses to growth faulting layer thickening and addition of layers in hanging wall. See also Discussion by Edwards 2002) Hoesni, M.J. & M.N.C Mood (1995)- History of hydrocarbon generation in the Tembungo field, offshore northwest Sabah. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Southeast Asian basins: oil and gas for the 21st century, Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 309-320. (Tembungo field off Sabah producing oil from Upper Miocene turbidite reservoirs. Oils low sulphur and wax contents and API gravity 38-40 degrees, derived from marginal marine source with significant land plant input. High sedimentation rates in M-L Miocene. Tembungo structure began to grow in Late Miocene (7.2 Ma), with accelerated growth in Early Pliocene. Faults sealing; barrier faults contributed to overpressure. Hydrocarbon generation began at ~9.0 Ma and oil began to be trapped in Tembungo structure in Late Miocene E Pliocene. Oils most likely sourced from M Miocene sediments) Ho Kiam Fui (1978)- Stratigraphic framework for oil exploration in Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 10, p. 1-13.


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(Upper Eocene- Pleistocene sequence in Sarawak subdivided into 8 sedimentary cycles, separated by rapid and widespread transgressions. Overview of biozonatons used) Ho Wan Kin (1990)- Central Luconia Middle Miocene carbonate play, Sarawak Basin, Malaysia. In: CCOP/WRGA Play modelling exercise 1989-1990, CCOP Techn. Publ. 23, p. 67-85. (Description and hydrocarbon assessment of M-L Miocene carbonate play play, offshore Sarawak. With schematic Late Oligocee- Recent paleogeographic maps and 'Cycle V/VI carbonate buildup distribution map) Hon, V. (1981)- Physical controls of mineralization in the Bau town area, west Sarawak, Malaysia. Sarawak Min. Bull. 1, p. 43-54. Honza, E., J. John & R.M. Banda (2000)- An imbrication model for the Rajang accretionary complex in Sarawak, Borneo. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, 6, p. 751-759. (Rajang accretionary complex generally S-ward dipping and younging N-ward. Interpreted as thrust slices, each 10-15 km wide, formed by accretion at subduction trench. Accretion of Late Jurassic- Cretaceous oceanic crust from Pacific (E) in Late Cretaceous, forming part of arc along E Asia margin from Japan to Kalimantan. E Tertiary bending of S end of arc in Borneo changed direction of subduction to accretion from N) Hoppe, P. (1990)- Photogeological investigations in the area of Mt. Kinabalu and adjacent parts of Sabah, East Malaysia. Geol. Jahrbuch, B 74, p. 115-135. (Photogeologic interpretation of parts of Sabah to obtain improved regional structure information. Area around Mt Kinabalu is where two subduction zones merge, with 90° bend in folds of Crocker Fm Miocene accretionary complex, etc.) Houtz, R.E. & D.E. Hayes (1984)- Seismic refraction data from Sunda Shelf. AAPG Bull. 68, p. 1870-1878. (Velocity changes in disturbed sediments on W edge Sarawak basin support claim Borneo subduction melange (accretionary prism) extends into Sarawak basin. Zone of thickened subduction melange sediments may extend N to shelf edge. Basement salient in E part West Natuna basin requires ~45 km shift in W boundary of Cretaceous subduction melange. Crust below Sarawak basin oceanic, implying shelf edge advanced ~300 km N over oceanic crust as result of post-Eocene progradation. Pre-Oligocene sediments thin in Sarawak basin) Hunt, C.O. & R. Premathilake (2012)- Early Holocene vegetation, human activity and climate from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Quatern. Int. 249, p. 105-119. (40 m core from Loagan Bunut yielded high-resolution E Holocene (11.3- 6.75 ka) sequence of marginalmarine deposits) Hutchison, C.S. (1968)- Tectogene hypothesis applied to the Pre-Tertiary of Sabah and The Philippines. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 1, p. 65-79. (Sabah correlated with Philippines in Pre-Tertiary arcuate tectogene-geosyncline system (pre-plate tectonics paper)) Hutchison, C.S. (1971)- An alpine association of metabasites and ultrabasic rocks in Darvel Bay, East Sabah, Borneo. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources 10, 4, p. 289-308. Hutchison, C.S. (1972)- Alpine-type chromite in North Borneo, with special reference to Darvel Bay. American Mineralogist 57, 5-6, p. 835-856. (Chromite layers and pods in dunite and serpentinite lenses in peridotite outcrops of Sabah. Association of chromite-bearing ultramafic rocks with gabbro bodies and high-metamorphic tholeitic metabasalts (generally as amphibolite, occasionally hornblende granulite) have formed in oceanic spreading zone) Hutchison, C.S. (1978)- Ophiolite metamorphism in N.E. Borneo. Lithos 11, p. 195-208. (Darvel Bay ophiolite sequence of mantle harzburgite, 2 km thick gabbro, basalt and associated Late Cretaceous (subsequent work has shown Early Cretaceous; HvG)- Eocene chert-spilite and Miocene melange


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and olistostrome deposits. Ophiolite is extension into Borneo of Sulu Archipelago non-volcanic arc. Parts of ophiolite metamorphosed to gneiss, amphibolite, etc.) Hutchison, C.S. (1988)- Stratigraphic-tectonic model for eastern Borneo. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 22, p. 135151. (also in Proc. GEOSEA 6, Jakarta 1987) (NE Borneo nucleated since late Cretaceous around N Borneo Miri zone microcontinent that rifted off Vietnam/ S China. E margin passive, and grades into oceanic lithosphere of 'chert-spilite zone'. Early Miocene collision of Miri microcontinent, causing folding-thrusting of Rajang group (suggests collision with Sulawesi, followed by Makassar Straits opening, but this had already opened in Eocene; HvG)) Hutchison, C.S. (1991)- Neogene arc-continent collision in Sabah, Northern Borneo (Malaysia)- Comment. Tectonophysics 200, p. 325-332. Hutchison, C.S. (1992)- The Southeast Sulu Sea, a Neogene marginal basin with outcropping extensions in Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 89-108. (Sulu Sea marginal basin resulting from Early Miocene intra-arc rifting. Early stages with explosive volcanic activity and rifting resulting in extensive olistostromes, corresponding to Ayer, Tungku and Kuamat, Garinono Fms. Uplift of Crocker Fm to W provide source for major quartz sands in SabahTanjong Fm and major NE flowing delta near Sandakan fed turbidites of deep Sulu Sea. Sabah ophiolite complex predates late early Miocene opening of Sulu Sea basin and represents ocean floor on which arc was built) Hutchison, C.S. (1994)- Melange on the Jerudong Line, Brunei Darussalam, and its regional significance. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum geology Conf. 8, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 157-161. (Large olistostrome deposit S along Jerudong Line, with sandstone blocks up to 3m diameter embedded in Setap Shale. Jerudong Line was Late Miocene submarine continental slope down which unconsolidated sands slumped W into deeper water part of Baram Delta) Hutchison, C.S. (1996)- The ‘Rajang accretionary prism’ and Lupar Line’ problems of Borneo. In: R.Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 247-261. (Rajang Group in Sarawak (and Embaluh Group in Kalimantan and equivalent rocks in Sabah, E Kalimantan) N-facing accretionary prism, composed of Cretaceous- Late Eocene turbiditic sediments, younging N-ward. Compressed into steeply S-dipping phyllite-quartzite complex (M-Late Eocene Sarawak orogeny; collision between Schwaner Mts Zone and Luconia-Balingian-Miri microcontinent). Unconformably overlain in N and S by M-U Eocene continental- neritic clastics. Sabah W Crocker Fm Oligocene turbidites more shaly in N, and nearshore in S. Several Miocene folding-uplift pulses. Provenance from uplifted U Cretaceous-Eocene of NE Kalimantan and E Sarawak. M-Late Miocene Crocker Fm uplift ('Sabah orogeny' = E-M Miocene;HvG). Uplift ceased in Late Miocene. Palaeocurrents show Upper Eocene basal sandstones provenance from metamorphosed Sibu Zone. Kalimantan Melawi and Mandai basins unconformably over flysch-belt. Basins not forearc, but formed after transformation of accretionary prism to collision complex landmass) Hutchison, C.S. (2005)- Geology of North-West Borneo- Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 421 p. (Extensive review of Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah and N Kalimantan geology and stratigraphy) Hutchison, C.S. (2010)- The North-West Borneo Trough. Marine Geol. 271, 1-2, p. 32-43. (NW Borneo Trough in deepwater Brunei-Sabah with melange wedge along SE margin, best explained as fossil trench-accretionary prism, preserved when subduction ceased in M Miocene with arrival of thinned continental crust at Benioff Zone, choking subduction and causing isostatic uplift of W Cordillera of Sabah. Overlain by undeformed Upper Miocene- Holocene drape. Alternative interpretation was a SW major NW-directed Thrust Sheet System over autochthonous Dangerous Grounds terrane of attenuated continental crust of S China Sea passive margin. Enigmas remain in Palawan area, where trough position bathymetrically obscure in places and position makes it impossible to derive Calamian micro-continent from continental Asia as required from its stratigraphy. In SW the Trough terminates abruptly at W Baram Line. Trough contains several spectacular edifices, formerly suggested to be volcanoes or mud volcanoes but are drowned carbonate build-ups)


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Hutchison, C.S. (2010)- Oroclines and paleomagnetism in Borneo and South-East Asia. Tectonophysics 496, p. 53-67. (Oroclinal bending of Borneo is result of indentation and collision by continental Miri Zone-C Luconia Block in Eocene. Collision caused strong compression and uplift of Sibu Zone U Cretaceous– Eocene Rajang-Embaluh Gp turbidite basin that was floored by oceanic crust of Proto South China Sea. No paleomagetic work on oroclinally bent Sibu Zone rocks in NW limb. Limited paleomagnetic support for required CCW rotation in NE limb. Previous syntheses emphasised CCW rotation or stable non-rotation of Borneo region as coherent entity, without internal deformation, ignoring oroclinal shape defined by geology of island) Hutchison, C.S., S.C. Bergman, D.A. Swauger & J.E. Graves (2000)- A Miocene collisional belt in north Borneo: uplift mechanism and isostatic adjustment quantified by thermochronology. J. Geol. Soc. London 157, p. 783-793. (Subduction followed by underthrusting of continental lithosphere, driven by Oligocene-Miocene spreading in S China Sea, account for Sabah tectonic features. Isostatic rebound caused Late Miocene uplift of W Cordillera. Strata buried to 4-8 km, then rapidly exhumed and cooled at ~0.6mm/year. Rapid erosion supplied abundant clastics to Baram Delta, E lowlands and Sulu Sea. E Lowlands affected by Miocene Sulu Sea rifting) Hutchison, C.S. & T.J. Dhonau (1969)- Deformation of an alpine ultramafic association in Darvel Bay, East Sabah, Malaysia. Geol. Mijnbouw 48, 5, p. 481-494. (Early description of Late Mesozoic ophiolites of Darvel Bay, E Sabah. Serpentinized peridotites (folded, with boudinage), associated with gneiss, amphibolite chert-spilite formation, etc.)) Hutchison, C.S. & T.J. Dhonau (1971)- An alpine association of metabasites and ultrabasic rocks in Darvel Bay, East Sabah, Malaysia. Overseas Geol. Miner. Res. 10, p. 289-308. (Includes 140 Ma (basal Cretaceous) K-Ar age for meta-basalt from Sabah ophiolite) Hutchison, C.S. & C. Rangin (1991)- Neogene arc-continent collision in Sabah, northern Borneo (Malaysia) (discussion and reply). Tectonophysics 200, p. 325-332. Hutchison C.S. & T. Surat (1991)- Sabah serpentinite sandstone and conglomerate. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsletter 17, 2, p. 59-64. Ibbotson, R. (2007)- Silimpopon- a Borneo coal mine. Opus Publications, Kota Kinabalu, p. 1-199. (History of exploitation of Silimpopon coal mine, operating from 1905-1932 in Sabah , upriver from Tawau) Ibrahim, N.A. (2003)- Deposition of the Tembungo deep-water sands. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conference and Exhibition 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 105-126. (Core and seismic study of several 100 m thick Late Miocene deep-water sands in Tembungo field off Sabah, above the ‘Shallow Regional Unconformity’ (= ~9 Ma)) Ibrahim, N.A. & Mazlan Madon (1990)- Depositional environments, diagenesis, and porosity of reservoir sandstones in the Malong Field, offshore West Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 27-55. Idris, M.B. & K.H. Kok (1990)- Stratigraphy of the Mantanani Islands, Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 26, p. 35-46. (Mantanani islands M Miocene bioclastic limestones and calcarenites, overlain by massive conglomerates) Imai, A. (2000)- Genesis of the Mamut porphyry copper deposit, Sabah, East Malaysia. Resource Geol. Tokyo, 50, p. 1-23. (Sabah Mamut porphyry type Cu-Au deposit genetically related to quartz monzonite ("adamellite") porphyry stock associated with Late Miocene Mt Kinabalu plutonism)


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Imai, A. & K. Ozawa (1991)- Tectonic implications of the hydrated garnet peridotites near Mt Kinabalu, Sabah, East Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 431-445. (Garnetiferous peridotites form part of ultramafic complex in Mt Kinabalu area. Associated with abundant spinel lherzolites and in fault contact with surrounding Tertiary strata. HighT peridotite mineral assemblages overprinted by lowerT hydrous assemblages with abundant hornblende. Garnet peridotites represent part of sub-crustal mantle under Kalimantan, metasomatized during ascent due to tectonism) Ingram, G.M., T.J. Chisholm, C.J. Grant, C.A.Hedlund et al. (2004)- Deepwater North West Borneo: hydrocarbon accumulation in an active fold and thrust belt. Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, p. 879- 887. (Deepwater acreage of NW Borneo active fold- thrust belt with hydrocarbon accumulations. Typical trapping geometries hanging-wall anticlines, foreland folds and ridges and sub-thrust footwall cut-offs. Drilling targets in deformed Miocene-Pliocene clastics, charged from active petroleum system. Major challenge is to avoid drilling traps that have expelled their hydrocarbons during periods of active deformation) Ishibashi, T. (1982)- Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous ammonites from Sarawak, Borneo, East Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 23, p. 65-76. (Ammonites from Lower Pedawan Fm of W Sarawak includes Latest Jurassic (Tithonian) ammonites) Ismail, C.M.Z. (1992)- Regional seismostratigraphic study of the Tembungo area, offshore West Sabah. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 32, p. 109-134. (Seismic stratigraphic study around Tembungo field, W Sabah) Ismail, C.M.Z. (1997)- Subsidence history of the Sarawak Basin. Proc. ASCOPE 97 Conf. Jakarta 1997, 1, p. 107-127. Ismail, C.M.Z. (1997)- Tectonic evolution and sedimentation history of the Sarawak basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 41, p. 41-52. Ismail, C.M.Z. (1999)- Tertiary tectonic development of North-West Borneo. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA '98, Kuala Lumpur, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 417-432. Ismail C.M.Z. & M.E. Tucker (1999)- An alternative stratigraphic scheme for the Sarawak Basin. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 215-232. Ismail, M.I.B. (1999)- Petroleum resources, Sabah. In: Petronas (1999) The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, p. 593-602. Ismail, M.I., A.R. Eusoff, A.M. Mohamad, S.A. Aziz & B. Mahendran (1995)- The geology of Sarawak deepwater and surrounding areas. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Southeast Asian Basins, oil and gas for the 21st century, Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1994, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 37, p. 165-178. (Study of 1989 Sarawak deepwater seismic transects. Two tectonostratigraphic provinces. North Luconia 7-8 km of Tertiary sediments, NNE-SSW trending extensional faults, buried hills and local forced folds. On E boundary NNE-SSW fault separates it from NW Sabah Platform with NE-SW trending rifts with only 2-4 km sediment. West Luconia Province up to 13 km of sediments, very thick post M Miocene, with E-W trending growth faults and slumps and toe thrusts formed by gravity gliding. These overlie normal-faulted section at mid Miocene unconformity. Five sub-megasequences recognised) Ismail, M.I. & R.B.A. Hassan (1999)- Tinjar province. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Chapter 16, p. 395-409. (Geology and hydrocarbon of area onshore Sarawak with U Eocene- U Miocene sediments, uplifted and folded at end Early Miocene and Late Miocene. No discoveries so far) Jackson, C.A.L. & H.D. Johnson (2009)- Sustained turbidity currents and their interaction with debrite-related topography: Labuan Island, offshore NW Borneo, Malaysia. Sedim. Geol. 219. p. 77-96.


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(E Miocene Temburong Fm at Labuan Island off NW Borneo, deposited in a lower slope- proximal basin-floor setting. Two gravity-flow facies: slump-derived debrites and turbidites deposited by sustained turbidity currents. Routing of turbidity currents influenced by topographic relief at top of underlying debrite) Jackson, C.A.L., A.A. Zakaria, H.D. Johnson, F. Tongkul & P.D. Crevello (2009)- Sedimentology, stratigraphic occurrence and origin of linked debrites in the West Crocker Formation (Oligo-Miocene), Sabah, NW Borneo. Marine Petrol. Geol. 26, 10, p. 1957-1973. (Oligocene-E Miocene W Crocker Fm of N Borneo large submarine fan, part of accretionary complex. Range of gravity-flow deposits observed) Jacobson, G. (1970)- Gunung Kinabalu area, Sabah, Malaysia. Malaysia Geol. Survey Rept. 8, p. 1-111. Jamaluddin, T.A. (1989)- Sedimentary structures of the Crocker Formation in the Tamparuli region, Sabah. Bull. Geol. Soc . Malaysia 24, p. 135-157. James, D.M.D. (ed.) (1984)- The geology and hydrocarbon resources of Negara Brunei Darussalam. Muzium Brunei, 164 p. Jamil, A.S.A., M. Anwar & E.S.P. Kiang (1991)- Geochemistry of selected crude oils from Sabah and Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 28, p. 123-149. Jasin, B. (1991)- Some larger foraminifera and radiolaria from Telupid olistostrome, Sabah. Warta Geologi 17, 5, p. 225-230. Jasin, B. (1992)- Significance of radiolarian cherts from the Chert-Spilite formation, Telupid, Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 31, p. 67-83. (Thin-bedded, reddish chert-shale in Telupid area, Sabah, associated with basalt and peridotite. Composed mainly of biogenic chert, including radiolaria) Jasin, B. (1996)- Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous radiolarian from chert blocks in the Lubok Antu melange, Sarawak, Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 13, 1, p. 1-11. (Lubok Antu melange with blocks of mudstone, sandstone, chert, limestone, hornfels, basalt, gabbro and serpentinite in sheared, chloritised mudstone matrix (with Early Eocene nannofossils; Hutchison 2005). Chert blocks widespread in melange. Radiolaria in 14 samples, grouped into three ages: late Tithonian, M Valanginian- Barremian and Late Albian- Cenomanian (suggesting subducted proto-South China Sea oceanic crust older than this?; HvG) Jasin, B. (2000)- Significance of Mesozoic radiolarian chert in Sabah and Sarawak. In: G.H. Teh et al. (eds.) Proc. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Ann. Geol. Conf. 14, p. 123-130. (Mesozoic cherts exposed in W Sarawak and Sabah dated by radiolarian faunas. Oldest chert in Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) Serian Volcanics. Chert sequence at base of Pedawan Fm Late Tithonian-Berriasian radiolarians. Three ages from chert blocks in Lubok Antu melange: late Tithonian, Valanginian-Barremian and Albian-Cenomanian. Chert from Sabah ophiolitic and melange associations Valanginian-Cenomanian. Cherts deep-marine and related to high plankton productivity in E Jurassic and Early to early Late Cretaceous) Jasin, B. (2002)- Middle Miocene planktonic Foraminifera and their implications in the geology of Sabah. In: G.H. Teh et al. (eds.) Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 45, p. 157-162. (Planktonic foraminifera from M Miocene melanges, tuffite, and clastics) Jasin, B. & A. Madun (1996)- Some Lower Cretaceous radiolaria from the Serabang Complex, Sarawak. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 22, 2, p. 61-65. Jasin, B. & U. Said (1999)- Significance of Early Jurassic radiolarian from West Sarawak. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 491-502.


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(Pliensbachian- E Toarcian radiolarian chert in dacitic tuff-chert series, probably top of Upper Triassic Serian Volcanics) Jasin, B. & U. Said (1999)- Some Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous radiolarian faunas from the Pedawan Formation, Sarawak. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. 9th Congr. Geol. Min. Energy Res. SE Asia, GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 611-620. (Deepwater Tithonian- Berriasian radiolarian chert in basal part of 4500m thick Late Jurassic-Cretaceous Pedawan Fm in Bau and Tubeh areas, Sarawak) Jasin, B., U. Said & A.D. Woei (1996)- Discovery of Early Jurassic Radiolaria from the tuff sequence, near Piching, West Sarawak. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 22, 5, p. 343-347. Jasin, B. & T. Sanudin (1978)- Middle Miocene planktonic Foraminifera from the Libong Tuffite Formation, Sabah. Sains Malaysiana 16, 1, p. Jasin, B., H.T. Sanudin & R.H.S. Abdul (1985)- Lower Cretaceous radiolaria from the Chert-Spilite Formation, Kudat, Sabah. Warta Geologi 11, 4, p. 161-162. (Lower Cretaceous radiolaria in chert-spilite (ocean floor sediments)) Jasin, B. & H. Sanudin (1988)- Barremian radiolaria from Chert-Spilite Formation, Kudat, Sabah. Sains Malaysiana 17, p. 67-79. Jasin, B., H.T. Sanudin & F.F. Tating (1991)- Late Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the Crocker Formation, Pun Batu, Sabah. Warta Geologi 17, 4, p. 187-191. Jasin, B. & Selvarajah (1988)- Paleogene planktonic Foraminifera from Pulau Kalampunian Kecil, Sabah. Sains Malaysiana 17, 1, p. 99-113. Jasin, B. & S. Tahir (1988)- Barremian radiolaria from Chert-spilite Formation. Sains Malaysiana 17, p. 67-79. Jasin, B. & Taj Madira Taj Ahmad (1995)- Some Paleogene planktonic foraminifera from the Lubok Antu mélange, Sarawak, Malaysia. Warta Geol. 21, 3, p. 147-151. Jennings, A.V. (1888)- Notes on the orbitoidal limestone of North Borneo. Geol. Mag. 5, 12, p. 529-532. (Limestones of uncertain location, probably Silungen in Soubis and from Batu Gading, collected by Burls contains Discocyclina spp. and Asterocyclina, probably Eocene in age) Johansson, M. (1999)- Facies analysis of the Plateau Sandstone (Eocene to Early Miocene?), Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, 1-2, p. 233-246. (Sandstones in Kuching area, W Sarawak, known as ‘Plateau Sandstones’, of possible Eocene- E Miocene age. Anomalous kerogen compositions, proximity of onlap surface and palaeocurrent direction to NNE, suggest Bako Peninsula sands unrelated to Plateau Fm S of Bako Peninsula. New name Bako Sst. Very thick bedded sst with lenses of conglomerates and sandy mudstones, formed in braided channel environment) Johnson, H.D., J.W. Chapman & J. Ranggon (1989)- Structural and stratigraphic configuration of the Late Miocene Stage IVC reservoirs in the St. Joseph field, offshore Sabah, NW Borneo. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 25, p.79-118. (Large, structurally complex field along Lower Pliocene wrench fault zone. Main reservoir Late Miocene marine sands) Johnson, H.D., T. Kuud & A. Dundang (1989)- Sedimentology and reservoir geology of the Betty field, Baram Delta province, offshore Sarawak, NW Borneo. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 25, p. 119-161. (Moderate size oil field in Baram Delta Province. Structure combination E-W trending delta-related growth faulting and later Pliocene NE-SW trending folding. Reservoirs stacked Miocene shallow marine sandstones)


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Johnson, H.D. S. Levell & A.H. Mohamad (1987)- Depositonal controls of reservoir thickness and quality distribution in Upper Miocene shallow marine sandstones (Stage IVD) of the Erb West Field, offshore Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 21, p. 195-220. (Erb field off W Sabah NE-SW trending anticline, with hydrocarbons in 800' Late Miocene section with shallow marine sandstones. Five main sandstone facies) Johnson, J.H. (1966)- Tertiary red algae from Borneo. Bull. British Museum. Nat. Hist., Geol. Ser. 11, 6, p. 255-280. (Red calcareous algae from Paleocene-Miocene limestones of Melinau Gorge and Tertiary localities of upper Baram and Belukan river regions) Jones, R., P. Restrepo-Pace, C. Goulder, Yee Ah Chim & C. Russell (2011)- The romance of NE Sabah’s shelf. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 18, 26p. (Presentation package) (Multiple hydrocarbon play types in Miocene carbonate buildups and clastics off NW Sabah) Kakizaki, Y., T. Ishikawa, J. Matsuoka & A. Kano (2010)- Lithostratigraphy and Sr-isotope ages of the Bau Limestone Formation of Northwestern Borneo. Japan Geoscience Union Mtg. 2010, Makahari, Chiba 1010, p. (Abstract only) (Bau Limestone from two quarries (Marup, SSF; Gunung Panga) 30 km SW of Kuching, W Sarawak. Massive reefal limestone locally rich in corals rudists. Bunkit Akut quarry 40 km SW of Kuching well-bedded, deeper water equivalent. Sr-isotopes suggest Late Oxfordian- Early Kimmeridgean ages) Kanno S. (1978)- Brackish molluscan fauna (Upper Eocene) from the Silantek Formation in West Sarawak, Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 19, p. 103-112. Karimi, S.B.S et al. (1997)- Seismic identification of depositional processes in a turbidite fan environment, Deepwater Block SB-G, NW Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull., p. 41, p. 13-29. Keij, A.J. (1963)- Upper Palaeocene Distichoplax Limestones of Kudat Peninsula and Pulau Banggi, Sabah. Malaysia Geol. Survey Ann. Rept. 1963, p.153-154. (Suangpai quarry in Tajau area of N Kudat Peninsula has basal marl with Late Paleocene planktonic forams, overlain by dense white limestone with Discocyclina, Aktinocyclina, Asterocyclina (Ta zone) and the algae Distichoplax biserialis, restricted to Paleocene- E Eocene in other areas of the Tethys. No maps or other stratigraphy info) Keij, A.J. (1964)- Distichoplax from Kudat Peninsula and Banggi island, Sabah, Borneo. Revue Micropal. 7, 2, p. 115-118. (Distichoplax biserialis found in Suangpai Lst of N Kudat peninsula, with common Discocyclina- Aktinocyclina and nearby marls with Late Paleocene planktonic forams. Also in Banggi Limestone at SW coast of of Banggi island indicates Early Eocene age) Keij, A.J. (1964)- Late Cretaceous and Palaeogene arenaceous foraminifera from flysch deposits in northwestern Borneo. Malaysia Geol. Survey, Ann. Rept. 1964, p. 155-158. (‘Flysch-faunas’ in Late Cretaceous-Oligocene in NW Borneo- Sabah geosynclines. Monotonous assemblages dominated by arenaceous taxa, with rare calcareous benthics and planktonic foraminifera) Kho, C.H. (1968)- Bintulu Area, Central Sarawak, East Malaysia. Explanation of sheet 3/113/13. Geological Survey Malaysia, Borneo region, Report 5, 83p. King, R.C., G. Backe, C.K. Morley, R.R. Hillis & M.R.P. Tingay (2010)- Balancing deformation in NW Borneo: quantifying plate-scale vs. gravitational tectonics in a delta and deepwater fold-thrust belt system. Marine Petrol. Geol. 27, 1, p. 238-246.


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(GPS show 4-6 mm/yr of NW Borneo plate-scale shortening, not accommodated by plate-scale structures. Total shortening observed in Baram delta toes does not balance against active extension in delta top; additional shortening therefore attributed to plate-scale shortening across NW Borneo produced by far-field compression) King, R.C., R.R. Hillis, M.R.P. Tingay & A.R. Damit (2010)- Present-day stresses in Brunei, NW Borneo: superposition of deltaic and active margin tectonics. Basin Research 22, 2, p. 236-247. (Two present-day stress provinces previously identified across Baram Delta System: (1) inner shelf inverted province with margin-normal (NW-SE) maximum horizontal stress orientation and (2) outer shelf extension province with margin-parallel (NE–SW) maximum horizontal stress. Borehole breakouts from 12 petroleum wells confirm margin-normal maximum horizontal stress orientations of inverted province (mean max. hor. stress orientation of ~117°). NW Borneo continental margin currently tectonically quiescent) King, R.C., R.R. Hillis, M.R.P. Tingay & C.K.Morley (2009)- Present-day stress and neotectonic provinces of the Baram Delta and deepwater fold-thrust belt. J. Geol. Soc. London 166, p. 197-200. Kirk, H.J.C. (1957)- The geology and mineral resources of the Upper Rajang and adjacent areas. Geol. Survey Dept. British Territories in Borneo, Mem. 8, p. Kirk, H.J.C. (1961)- A preliminary account of Cretaceous to Recent volcanic activity in relation to the geological structure of British Borneo. Proc. 9th Pacific Sci. Congr., Bangkok 1957, 12, p. 192-197. (Two main periods of volcanic activity in North Borneo: basalt-spilite interbedded with Cretaceous-Eocene sediments and widespread Upper Tertiary- Quaternary basalt- andesite-dacite association eruptions) Kirk, H.J.C. (1963)- Pliocene and Quaternary volcanic activity in British Borneo. Bull. British Borneo Geol. Survey 4, p. 137-142. Kirk, H.J.C. (1963)- The geology and mineral resources of the Semporna Peninsula, North Borneo. Geol. Survey Dept. British Territories in Borneo, Kuching, 178 p. (Semporna Peninsula rocks four main units: Cretaceous-Eocene Chert-Spilite Fm, Oligo-Miocene Kalumpang Fm, Pliocene-Quaternary volcanics and Quaternary sediments. Abundant intrusives of different ages and composition. Most fertile soils on outcrops of younger volcanics, particularly Quaternary olivine basalts) Kirk, H.J.C. (1967)- The igneous rocks of Sarawak and Sabah. Geol. Surv. Malaysia, Borneo Region, Bull. 5, 210p. Kirk, H.J.C. (1967)- The Mamut copper prospect, Kinabaluh, Sabah. Geol. Surv. Malaysia, Borneo Region, Bull. 8, p. 68-80. Kob, M.R.C & M. Mohamed (1995)- Chronostratigraphy of Miocene turbiditic sequence of Sabah Basin from nannofossil assemblages. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. Southeast Asian basins: oil and gas for the 21st century, Kuala Lumpur 1994, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull., p. 143-163. (Sabah Basin is Neogene trench-associated basin filled with progradational cycles of marine and coastal sediments. Age-determinations of Miocene strata through quantitative nannofossil analysis more reliable than foraminifera due to floods of reworked forms. Dominant indigenous assemblages differentiated from reworked assemblages through quantitative analysis) Kob, M.R.C & M.Y. Ali (2008)- Regional controls on the development of carbonates in East Natuna Basin and Luconia area. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA-08-G-078, 6 p. (E Natuna basin- Luconia platforms off NW Borneo between areas of subsidence/ faulting in N and compressional tectonics in S. Extensive development of carbonates in Early -Late Miocene. Late Oligocene- E Miocene extension in Luconia and nearby areas, followed by episodic compression in M Miocene. Areas near main uplifted region in E and SW dominated by clastics, carbonates thrived on rifted margin in W. Similar setting in E Natuna. Subsequent compression resulted in inversion and folding, with uplift of parts of E Natuna-


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Luconia region. Folds formed sites for latest M-Late Miocene carbonate growth. Sea level rise at base Pliocene drowned most of carbonate in region except a few buildups in NW, which still thrive today) Kon'no, E. (1972)- Some Late Triassic plants from the southwestern border of Sarawak, East Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 10, p. 125178. (Late Triassic Pteridophytes (Sphenopsida and Pteropsida)) Kon'no, E., K. Asama & S.S. Rajah (1971)- The Late Permian Linggiu flora from the Gunong Blumut area, Johore, Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 9, p. Kon’no, E. (1972)- Some Late Triassic plants from the Southwestern border of Sarawak, East Malaysia. In:T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 10, 99, p. 125-178. (Plants from Halobia-bearing coaly series near Krusin, SW Sarawak, probably Late Carnian age. ‘Krusin flora’ belongs to Dictyophyllum-Clathropteris floral province of E Asia/ SW Pacific, without any European or North Asian floral elements. No stratigraphy) Koopman, A. (1996)- Regional geological setting. In: S.T. Sandal (ed.) The geology and hydrocarbon resources of Negara Brunei Darussalam (2nd ed.), Spec. Publ. Muzium Brunei and Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Berhad, Syabas, Bandar Seri Begawan, p. 49-60. Koopman, A. & J. Schreurs (1996)- The coastal and offshore oil and gas fields. In: S.T. Sandal (ed.) The geology and hydrocarbon resources of Negara Brunei Darussalam (2nd ed.), Spec. Publ. Muzium Brunei and Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Berhad, Syabas, Bandar Seri Begawan, p. 155-192. Koopman, A. & J. Schreurs (1996)- The inland hydrocarbon accumulations. In: S.T. Sandal (ed.) The geology and hydrocarbon resources of Negara Brunei Darussalam (2nd ed.), Spec. Publ. Muzium Brunei and Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. Berhad, Syabas, Bandar Seri Begawan, p. 193-198. Koopmans, B.N. (1967)- Deformation of the metamorphic rocks and the Chert-Spilite formation in the southern part of the Darvel Bay area, Sabah. Geol. Survey of Malaysia, Borneo Region, Bull. 8, p. 14-24. Kosaka, H. & K. Wakita (1975)- Geology and mineralization of the Mamut mine, Sabah, Malaysia. Mining Geol. 25, 132, p. 303-320. (In Japanese; online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp...) Kosaka, H. & K. Wakita (1978)- Some geologic features of the Mamut porphyry copper deposit, Sabah, Malaysia. Econ. Geol. 73, 5, p. 618-627. (Mamut porphyry copper-gold deposit of Paleocene- Upper Miocene age one of many mineralized centers in NW-SE trending tectonic zone in Sabah, N Borneo. Copper mineralization associated with K-rich adamellite porphyry intrusion. Wall rocks consist of serpentinite and clastic sediments) Lam, K.S. (1988)- Sibu Area, Central Sarawak Malaysia, Explanation Sheet 2/111/12. Geol. Surv. Rept., Geol. Survey Malaysia, Sarawak, 151p. Lambiase, J.J., A.A.A. Rahim & C. Yaw Peng (2002)- Facies distribution and sedimentary processes on the modern Baram Delta: implications for the reservoir sandstones of NW Borneo. Marine Petrol. Geol. 19, 1, p. 69-78. (Present-day Baram Delta wave-tide dominated. Tertiary shoreface reservoir sandstones wave-dominant, tidal signatures absent. Modern Baram Delta not appropriate analogue for most shoreface reservoir sands) Lambiase, J.J., A.R. Damit, M.D. Simmons, R. Abdoerrias & A.A. Hussin (2003)- A depositional model and the stratigraphic development of modern and ancient tide-dominated deltas in NW Borneo. In: F.H. Sidi et al.


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(eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia; sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology. Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM) Spec. Publ. 76, p. 109-123. (Modern deltas of NW Borneo may be wave-dominated (Baram River) or tide-dominated (deltas within Brunei Bay). Details on Trusan River Delta, outcrops of M-Miocene and younger Belait Fm, etc.) Lambiase, J.J., T.Y. Tzong, A.G. William, M.D. Bidgood, P. Brenac & A.B. Cullen (2008)- The West Crocker formation of northwest Borneo: a Paleogene accretionary prism. In: A.E. Draut et al. (eds.) Formation and applications of the sedimentary record in arc collision zones, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 436, p. 171-184. (West Crocker Fm in NW Borneo interpreted as accretionary prism. Two episodes of syndepositional foldingthrusting. Probable Eocene age differs from accepted Oligocene- E Miocene age and consistent with deposition of W Crocker Fm during phase of NW Borneo margin tectonism. Sandstones in W Crocker deposited by highdensity turbidity currents that constructed progradational lobes in ~1000 m or more water. Sandstones with abundant feldspars and lithics suggests first-cycle product of eroded orogenic belt and short transport distance) Lasman, M.R. (1998)- Channel chasing in the D35 field offshore Sarawak. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum geology Conference 1997, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 39-45. Lau, J.W.E. (1974)- The 'rediscovery' of rudist with its associated fauna in the Bau Limestone and its palaeobiogeographic significance in circumglobal correlation and plate tectonic studies. Malaysia Geol. Survey, Borneo Region, Ann. Report for 1973, p. 188-197. (Description of macrofauna of Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous Bau Limestone of W Sarawak. Mainly primitive rudists, incl. Heterodiceras aff luci (= Epidiceras speciosum of Skelton 1985?; HvG) and gastropods) Lau, J.W.E. (1977)- Stratigraphic correlation of Tertiary basins in offshore Malaysia, South China Sea. ASCOPE, 30p. Lee, C.P. (2003)- The Madai-Baturong Limestone in eastern Sabah and its new interpretation as a seamount. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 46, p. 161-165. (Isolated limestone body surrounded by deepwater deposits of Rajang/ ‘chert-spilite’ formation may be Upper Cretaceous seamount deposit) Lee, D.T.C. (1968)- The Sandakan Formation, East Sabah. Bull. Geol. Survey Malaysia, Borneo Region, 9, p. 43-50. Lee, D.C. (1970)- Sandakan Peninsula, Eastern Sabah, Malaysia. Geol. Survey East Malaysia, Rept. 6, 75p. Lee, D.T.C. (1990)- Formation of Pulau batuan Harian and other islands around Pulau Banggi, Northern Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 26, p. 71-76. (New island emerged from sea E of Pulau Banggi, N Sabah in April 1988. Grey muds and mudstones with rock fragments similar to Chert-Spilite, Kudat and Crocker formations. Probably formed by diapyric action) Lee, D.T.C. & H.S. Weber (1986)- Base metal exploration in Sabah. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 405-419. (Base metal explation program since 1980 initially focused on anomalies associated with Late Tertiary volcanics and copper-zinc anomalies related to pillow-lava stage of C Sabah ophiolite assemblages. Follow-up work lead to discovery of Cyprus-type massive sulphide occurrences related to volcanics of Chert-Spilite Formation in Bidu-Bidu hills, NE Sabah) Leong, K.M. (1974)- The geology and mineral resources of the Upper Segama Valley and Darvel area, Sabah, Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Mem. 4, 354p. (Update of Fitch (1955) monograph on SE part of Sabah?) Leong, K.M. (1976)- Miocene chaotic deposits in eastern Sabah: characteristics, origin, and petroleum prospects. Malaysia Geol. Survey, Borneo Region, Ann. Rept. for 1975, p. 238.


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Leong, K.M. (1977)- New ages from radiolarian cherts of the Chert-Spilite Formation of Sabah. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 8, p. 109-111. (Cretaceous age for radiolarians from cherts, Sabah, making Chert-spilite Fm, representing cover of Sabah obducted oceanic crust, older than previously assumed by Geological Survey reports) Leong, K.M. (1978)- ‘The Sabah Blueschist Belt’- a preliminary note. Warta Geologi 4, p. 45-51. Leong, K.M. (1987)- The nature and significance of regional unconformities in the hydrocarbon-bearing Neogene sequence offshore west Sabah.. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 21, p. 55-90. Leong, K.M. (1998)- Sabah crystalline basement; ‘spurious’ radiometric ages? Continental? Warta Geologi 24, 1, p. 5-8. (Sabah Upper Segama area with metamorphic (amphibolite) and igneous rocks (granite, granodiorite, diorite, tonalite), suggesting possible pre-Cretaceous igneous-metamorphic basement below Cretaceous "new oceanic basement" known as Chert-Spilite Formation. Age and composition of Crystalline Basement debated) Leong K.M. (1999)- Geological setting of Sabah: In: Petronas (1999) The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p. 475-495. Leong K.M. & A. Anuar (1999)- Northeast Sabah Basin. In: Petronas (1999) The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p. 545-569. Leong K.M. & A. Anuar (1999)- Southeast Sabah Basin. In: Petronas (1999) The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p. 573-589. Levell, B.K. (1987)- The nature and significance of regional unconformities in the hydrocarbon-bearing Neogene sequences offshore West Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 21, p. 55-90. (W Sabah Tertiary trench-associated basin with up to 12 km of mainly siliciclastic sediments. Two phases: (1) pre-M Miocene deep marine, imbricated sediments related to S/ SE ward subduction; (2) M Miocene and later NW prograding shelf-slope sequences, after cessation of subduction. Boundary is 'Deep Regional Unconformity', marking end of subduction in early Middle Miocene. Additional unconformities in younger sequence. NW Sabah underlain by six separate basement blocks) Levell, B.K. & A. Kasumajaya (1985)- Slumping in the Late Miocene shelf-edge offshore west Sabah: a view of a turbidite basin margin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 18, 1-29. (Series of elongate spoon-shaped unconformities mapped along 150km of 250km long Late Miocene shelf edge offshore W Sabah. Interpreted as slump scars, formed by retrogressive submarine slumping. Relief between neighbouring slumpscars, overlain by slope clays, may provide stratigraphic trap potential. Slump scar-rich unconformities point to redeposited, sand-prone turbidites downslope) Liechti, P., F.W. Roe & N.S. Haile (1960)- The geology of Sarawak, Brunei and the western part of North Borneo. British Territories of Borneo, Geological Survey Department, Bull. 3, 360p. (Comprehensive 1960 compilation of North Borneo geology by Shell geologists. With chapter on igneous rocks by Kirk. Region composed mainly of Upper Cretaceous- Miocene geosynclinal formations and Upper EocenePleistocene strata deposited in isolated basins. Igneous activity in Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic and Upper Cretaceous-Quaternary. Three pre-Tertiary and four Tertiary phases of folding) Light, M.P.R. D.J. Bird, G.A. Posehn & M.A.A Hudi (1994)- Complex transtensional structures and the hydrocarbon potential of the Greater Sarawak Basin as defined by Synthetic Aperture Radar. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 145-156. (SAR and other data over onshore Greater Sarawak Basin reveal complex tectonostratigraphic history. West Sarawak Basin and NE Borneo underwent complex transtensional deformation in Tertiary related to strike-slip motion caused by indentation of India against Asia. Sinistral strike-slip zones well developed as Sabah Shear,


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W Baram-Tinjar Lines and Lupar Line-Paternoster Fault. Onshore extension of seismically defined transverse faults in S China Sea likely controlled migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in Sarawak. Borneo under compression in M Miocene. Fold interference produced by Cenozoic strike-slip faults and N-advance of Rajang Accretionary Prism well displayed on SAR) Lim, P.S. (1980)- The evaluation, assessment and calculation of ore reserves of the Mamut Mine- a case history. Geol. Survey Malaysia, Geological Papers 3, p. 114-125. (Mamut mine at SE slopes of Mt Kinabalu is the only porphyry copper mine in Sabah) Lim, P.S. (1985)- Geological Map of Sabah, 1: 5000 000. Geological Survey of Malaysia. Lim, P.S. & S. Tunggah (1989)- Geology and coal potential of the northeastern Meliau Basin, Sabah. Proc. 20th Geological Conf. 1989, Techn. Papers 1, Geol. Survey Malaysia, p. Lindsay, R.O. & R.K. Foster (2002)- Correcting a false assumption-offshore Brunei. The Leading Edge 21, p. 536. (Classical AVO/ inversion seismic-analysis procedures failed in deepwater offshore Brunei. No geology) Macpherson, C.G., K.K. Chiang, R. Hall, G.M. Nowell, P.R. Castillo & M.F. Thirlwall (2010)- Plio-Pleistocene intra-plate magmatism from the southern Sulu Arc, Semporna Peninsula, Sabah, Borneo: implications for highNb basalt in subduction zones. J. Volcan. Geothermal Res. 190, 1-2, p. 25-38. (Chemistry of Plio-Pleistocene high-Nb basalts/ basaltic andesites from Semporna Peninsula at S end of Sulu Arc. Semporna basalts not associated with adakitic magmatism, which is frequent in some subduction zones) Madon, M. (1994)- The stratigraphy of northern Labuan, NW Sabah Basin, East Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conf. VIII, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 19-30. (Deformed argillaceous strata underlying Belait conglomerate ridge near Layang-Layangan more typical of Temburong Fm, suggesting Setap Shale Fm is absent) Madon, M. (1997)- Sedimentological aspects of the Temburong and Belait formations, Labuan (offshore west Sabah). In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum geology conference, KL 1996, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 41, p. 61-84. Madon, M. (1999)- North Luconia Province. In: In: The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 443-454. Madon, M. (1999)- Geological setting of Sarawak. In: The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, Chapter 12, p. 275-290. Madon, M. & P. Abolins (1999)- Balingian Province. In: The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p.345-367. Madon, M. & A. Hadi Abd Rahman (2007)- Penecontemporaneous deformation in the Nyalau Formation (Oligo-Miocene), Central Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 53, p. 67-73. (Outcrops of Late Oligocene- E Miocene Nyalau Fm in Tg. Similajau and Bintulu areas show common penecontemporaneous deformation (thrusts/ folds, slumps, etc.), indicating tectonic controls on sedimentation in Sarawak foreland basin) Madon, M. & R.B.A. Hassan (1999)- Tatau Province. In: The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 413-426. Madon, M. & R.B.A. Hassan (1999)- West Luconia Province. In: The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 428-439.


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Madon, M., K.M. Leong & A. Azlina (1999)- Sabah Basin. In: The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 501-542. Madon, M. & B.A.H. Redzuan, (1999)- West Luconia Province. In: The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 427-439. Mahmud, O.A.B (1999)- Petroleum resources, Sarawak. In: The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 457-472. Mahmud, O.A., H.D. Tjia & M.I. Ismail (2001)- Interpretation of newly acquired aerogravity data enhances the prospectivity of the Tinjar Province, onshore Sarawak. In: G.H. Teh, M.S. Leman et al. (eds.) Proc. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Annual Geol. Conf. 2001, p. 19-26. (No commercial discoveries in onshore Sarawak since 1910 Miri field. Tinjar Province of onshore northcentral Sarawak underexplored, due to assumption of shallow basement after Oligo-Miocene uplift and erosion. Shallow basement not supported by seismic or gravity-magnetic data. New aerogravity and magnetic data showed up to 5000 m sediment in Tinjar Province and surrounding area, with series of highs and lows) Mansor, M.Y., J.W. Snedden, J.F. Sarg, B.S. Smith, T. Kolich & M. Carter (1999)- Pre-drill predictions versus post-drill results: use of sequence stratigraphic methods in reduction of exploration risk, Sarawak deep-water blocks, Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, 1-2, p. 247-254. (Sequence stratigraphic methods used to assess reservoir, source and seal distribution in Mobil-operated deep-water blocks of Sarawak. Mulu-1 and Bako-1 penetrated high-quality shallow marine sandstone reservoirs in E-M Miocene. Lack of hydrocarbon charge may be due to position relative to coaly source) Mantaring, A., F. Matsuda & M. Okamoto (1995)- Analysis of overpressure zones at the southern margin of the Baram Delta Province and their implications to hydrocarbon expulsion, migration and entrapment. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc.AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century, Kuala Lumpur 1994, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 179-190. (Baram Delta province, on- and offshore N Sarawak, Malaysia, Brunei, with thick, rapidly deposited Late Eocene- Pleistocene marine- deltaic sediments, leading to common overpressure. Overpressure zones normally in thick marine claystones below or at base of major oil and gas accumulation. Onshore Sarawak, S of Baram Delta Province thick Late Eocene- Miocene uplifted after latest Miocene, with bnormal pressure zones in three different settings) Mat-Zin, I.C. (1992)- Regional seismostratigraphical study of the Tembungo area, offshore West Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 109-134. Mat-Zin, I.C. (1994)- Dent Group and its equivalent in the offshore Kinabatangan area, East Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 127-143. Mat-Zin, I.C. (1997)- Tectonics, evolution and sedimentation history of the Sarawak Basin. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conference Kuala Lumpur 1996, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 41, p. 41-52. Mat-Zin, I.C. (1997)- Subsidence history of Sarawak Basin. In: Proc. ASCOPE 97' Conference Challenges and Opportunities in the 21st Century, 1, p. 107-127. Mat-Zin, I.C. (1998)- Subsidence nature of a strike-slip related basin: an example learned from the Sarawak Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 63-83. Mat-Zin, I.C. (1999)- Tertiary tectonic model of North-West Borneo. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur 1998, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 417-432. (Sarawak Basin dominated by NE-SW strike-slip tectonism)


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Mat-Zin, I.C. (2000)- Stratigraphic position of the Rangsi Conglomerate in Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Ann. Conf., 2000, p. 131-136. Mat-Zin, I.C. & J. Sipan (1994)- Application of sequence stratigraphic techniques on the non-marine sequences: and example from the Balingian Province, Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 105-117. Mat-Zin, I.C. & R.E. Swarbrick (1997)- The tectonic evolution and associated sedimentation history of Sarawak Basin, eastern Malaysia: a guide for future hydrocarbon exploration. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.), Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 126, p. 237-245. (Seismic-stratigraphy of offshore Sarawak shows seven unconformities in Tertiary sediments, Development of Sarawak Basin started in Late Oligocene with deposition along NW-SE coastline, perpendicular to present-day coastline. Coastline oriented to present-day NE-SW in Late Miocene. Oils generated from land plant dominated source rocks. Basin formed as result of Late Oligocene- Miocene NW-SE trending right-lateral fault movement. Movement progressive younging in E-ward direction) Mat-Zin, I.C. & M.E. Tucker (1999)- An alternative stratigraphic scheme for the Sarawak Basin. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, 1-2, p. 215-232. McGilvery, T.A. & D.L. Cook (2003)- The influence of local gradients on accommodation space and linked depositional elements across a stepped slope profile, offshore Brunei. In: H.R. Roberts et al. (eds.) Shelf margin deltas and linked down slope petroleum systems: global significance and future exploration potential. Bob F. Perkins Res. Conf., Gulf Coast Section GCSSEPM, SEPM, p. 387-419. McGilvery, T.A. & D.L. Cook (2004)- Depositional elements of the slope/basin depositional system Offshore Brunei. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., DFE04-OR-019, 13p. (Modern continental slope deposition off Brunei. ‘Stepped slope’ resulting from basinward thrusting and deltaic sediment loading. Elongate, structurally controlled mini-basins 2-10 km wide, 20-60 kmlong. Primary elements: 1) Sediment dispersal fairways 2-5 km wide; 2) Distributary channel/lobe complexes of sheet deposits and low relief channels; 3) Mass wasting features; 4) Submarine canyons developed by mass wasting along forelimbs of thrust structures) McGilvery, T.A. & D.L.Cook (2004)- Flow paths and water bottom gradients across a stepped slope profile, Offshore Brunei. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., DFE04-PO-020, 7 p. McGilvery, T.A., G. Haddad & D.L.Cook (2004)- Seafloor and shallow subsurface examples of mass transport complexes, Offshore Brunei. Proc Offshore Techn. Conf., Houston, OTC 16780, p. McManus, J. & R.B. Tate (1983)- Obduction in Sabah. Proc. SEAPEX Proc. 6, Singapore, p. 58-65. (Part of Sulu Sea floor (Late Cretaceous-Eocene ‘chert-spilite Formation’) obducted onto N margin of Borneo microcontinent) McManus, J. & R.B. Tate (1986)- Mud volcanoes and the origin of certain chaotic deposits in Sabah, East Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 193-205. (Chaotic deposits common in post-Eoceen in Sabah and mapped as slump breccias, but probably products of mud volcanism (Garinono, Wariu, Kuamut, Ayer Fms). Mud volcanism linked to M Miocene collisional event) Meng, L.K. & A. Anuar (1999)- Northeast Sabah Basin. In: Petronas (1999)-The Petroleum Geology and Resources of Malaysia, Petronas. Chapter 23, p. 543-571. Metcalfe, I. (1985)- Lower Permian conodonts from the Terbat Formation. Warta Geologi (Geol. Soc. Malaysia), 11, 1, p. 1-4.


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(Sparse uppermost Carboniferous- early Lower Permian conodont assemblage from Terbat Lst at Gunung Selabor. First record of conodonts from N Borneo. Color Alteration Index of 4 suggests heating to 190-300°C) Milroy, W.V. (1953)- Geology of West Sarawak with notes on the palaeontology of west Sarawak by W.E. Crew and comments on the geology of W Sarawak by P. Liechti. Report GR602, Royal Dutch Shell, p. (Unpublished) (Hashimoto et al. 1975, p. 286: incl. occ. Maastrichtian larger foram Lepidobtoides cf blanfoldi in Engkilili Fm) Milsom, J., R.A. Holt, C.S. Hutchison, S.C. Bergman, D.A. Swauger & J.E. Graves (2001)- Discussion of a Miocene collisional belt in North Borneo: uplift mechanism and isostatic adjusment quantified by thermochronology. J. Geol. Soc. London 158, p. 396-400. (Milsom & Holt critique of Hutchison et al. (2000) paper ‘Miocene collisional belt N Borneo’) Milsom, J. & R. Holt (2001)- Discussion of a Miocene collisional belt in North Borneo, uplift mechanism and isostatic adjustment quantified by thermochronology. J. Geol. Soc., London, 158, p. 396-400 Milsom, J., R. Holt, D.B. Ayub & R. Smail (1997)- Gravity anomalies and deep structural controls at the SabahPalawan margin, South China Sea. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 417- 427. (Gravity modeling suggests trend of Sabah Trough and parallel features inherited from fabric of E Miocene extended margin of Eurasia/ S China Sea. NE margin of Luconia Platform ) Mohammad, A.M. & R.H.F. Wong (1995)- Seismic sequence stratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments, offshore Sarawak deepwater area, Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 345-361. (Sarawak deepwater seismic sequence stratigrapy study identified eight sequences, grouped into four supersequences A, B, C and D, tied to regional tectonic events of S China Sea. Higher order sequences also interpreted from paleontologic, lithologic, paleofacies data and GR-logs from four wells. Four main seismic facies, ranging from non-marine to deepmarine. Seismic facies maps for Oligocene-Lower Miocene Ss C indicate all four facies, overall transgressive stacking, and NW-SE trending paleoshoreline. M Miocene-Recent Ss D suggests mainly outer shelf- deep marine facies and E-W trending paleoshoreline) Mohamad, M. & J. Lobao (1997)- The Lingan Fan: Late Miocene-Early Pliocene turbidite fan complex, North West Sabah. In: In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia & Australia, Jakarta, Indon Petrol. Assoc., p. 787-798. Mohammad, Y.b. Ali. & P. Abolins (1999)- Central Luconia Province. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, p. 371-391. Mohamed, Idris & O.C Meng (1992)- Sequence stratigraphy of Tertiary sediments offshore Sarawak (Balingian and Luconia provinces). In: Symposium on the Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Warta Geologi 18, 6, p. 277-278. Mohd Idrus, B.I., R.E. Abdul, M. Abdul Manaf, A.A. Sahalan & B. Mahendran (1995)- The geology of Sarawak deepwater and surrounding areas. In: Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 37, p. 165-178. McMonagle, L.B., P. Lunt, M.E.J. Wilson, K.G. Johnson, C. Manning & J. Young (2011)- A re-assessment of age dating of fossiliferous limestones in eastern Sabah, Borneo: implications for understanding the origins of the Indo-Pacific marine biodiversity hotspot. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 305, p. 28-42. (Shallow marine limestones rel. rare onshore N Borneo and showing punctuated development in area underlain by oceanic crust and dominated by deep marine sedimentation. Re-dating of limestones in E Sabah: (1) Lower Kinabatangan Lst mid-Oligocene (coral-rich, larger foram zone Te1, nannofossil zone NP24, Sr isotope ages 28.8-27.6 Ma); (2) Gomantong Lst Early Miocene (LBF zone Te5/earliest Tf1, Sr age 21.0 Ma); (3) Togopi


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Limestone with Alveolinella quoyi and abraded Calcarina, signifying Late Miocene-Pleistocene age, has Sr age of 1.72 Ma) Morgan, A.B. (1974)- Chemistry and mineralogy of garnet pyroxenites from Sabah, Malaysia. Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 48, p. 301-314. Morley, C.K. (2003)- Outcrop examples of mudstone intrusions from the Jerudong anticline, Brunei Darussalam and inferences for hydrocarbon reservoirs. In: P. van Rensbergen et al. (eds.) Subsurface sediment mobilization, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 216, p. 381-394. Morley, C.K. (2007)- Interaction between critical wedge geometry and sediment supply in a deep-water fold belt. Geology 35, 2, p. 139-142. (On low angle dips of surface and basal detachment faults of Late Miocene–Holocene deep-water fold-andthrust belt of offshore NW Borneo) Morley, C.K. (2009)- Geometry of an oblique thrust fault zone in a deepwater fold belt from 3D seismic data. J. Struct. Geol. 31, 12, p. 1540-1555. (Late Pliocene-Recent growth of 12 km long, deepwater anticline at distal margin of Baram Delta Province) Morley, C.K. & S. Back (2008)- Estimating hinterland exhumation from late orogenic basin volume, NW Borneo. J. Geol. Soc., London, 165, 1, p. 353-366. (Miocene- recent sediment volumes for Baram Deltaic Province estimated. Volume restoration onto sediment source area determined exhumation of ~5 km from 17 Ma - Recent. Denudation for M Miocene, Late Miocene and Pliocene–Recent proceeded at similar rates. Initial uplift of central Borneo attributed to buoyancy of thinned continental crust that jammed subduction zone under NW Borneo in E Miocene. Absence of decay in erosion rates from M Miocene- Recent suggests additional uplift mechanism that may be related to slab detachment) Morley, C.K., S. Back, P. van Rensbergen, P. Crevello & J.J. Lambiase (2003)- Characteristics of repeated, detached, Miocene-Pliocene tectonic inversion events in a large delta province on an active margin, Brunei Darussalam, Borneo. J. Struct. Geol. 25, p. 1147-1169. (Baram Delta province evolved in M Miocene- present day from foreland basin to shelf margin. Episodic folding events caused uplift of hinterland, delta progradation and inversion of gravity-related faults. Region best understood as development of W-verging thrust belt in Middle Miocene foreland basin with major folds forming in M Miocene. Onshore thrust and inversion features dominantly N–S-trending and began activity in the M Miocene. In Late Miocene (7.5 Ma) NE-SW inversion folds developed. Continuation of deformation into Pliocene largely confined to offshore; onshore N-S structures not reactivated in Pliocene) Morley, C.K., P. Crevello & Z.H. Ahmad (1998)- Shale tectonics and deformation associated with active diapirism: the Jerudong Anticline, Brunei Darussalam. J. Geol. Soc., London, 155, p. 475-490. Morley, C.K., R. King, R. Hillis, M. Tingay & G. Backe (2011)- Deepwater fold and thrust belt classification, tectonics, structure and hydrocarbon prospectivity: a review. Earth-Science Rev. 104, p. 41-91. (Includes examples from NW Borneo, Seram) Morley, R.J. (1998)- Palynological evidence for Tertiary plant dispersals in the SE Asian region in relation to plate tectonics and climate. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 211-234. (online at; http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/publications/books/biogeography/biogeog_pdfs/Morley.pdf) (Includes re-evaluation of Muller (1968) conclusions on palynologicl ages of Pedawan Fm (most likely Albian Santonian) and Kayan/ Palteau sandstone (more likely Paleocene instead of late Cretaceous-Eocene) Morris, S.F. & J.S.H. Collins (1991)- Neogene crabs from Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak. Bull. British Mus. Nat. Hist. (Geology), 47, p. 1-33.


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Morrison, K. & W.C. Lee (2003)- Sequence stratigraphic framework of Northwest Borneo. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conf. Exh. 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 127-138. (Eocene- Recent depositional sequences of Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei, tied to Haq et al. (1988) global cycle chart. Major regional unconformities (mostly tectonic events): near Base Miocene/22.2 Ma; Deep Regional Unconformity/ 15.5 Ma; late Middle Miocene/12.1 Ma/uplift event; early Late Miocene/10.6 Ma/eustatic, Shallow regional Unconformity/Late Miocene/8.5 Ma; latest Miocene/5.6 Ma/ eustatic; latest Pliocene/~2 Ma/compression) Muda, J. (2010)- Oil seepages at Kampung Minyak, Kudat Peninsula, Northern Sabah: potential for geotourism development. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 54, p. 49-52. (On oil seeps in NW Sabah, known since late 1800's, emanating E Miocene from Kudat Fm clastics, and its tourism potential) Muda, J. & F. Tongkul (2008)- Geoheritage resources of the Baliajong River: Potential for geotourism development. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 54, p. 139-145. (Baliajong River ~3 km NE of Tandek, N Sabah with outcrop of Lower Cretaceous-Paleocene oceanic crust, comprising imbricated gabbro, pillow basalts andred bedded radiolarian cherts, forming basement rock of N Sabah. Deformed basement overlain by Miocene (22-15 Ma) Crocker Fm clastics, which were folded at 15 Ma. Failed manganese mining history in early 20th century. Area could be promoted as a geotourism destination) Muff, R. (1990)- Geological, geochemical, and ore microscopic investigations of the massive, cupriferous sulfide occurrences at West Sualog in the Bidu Bidu Ophiolite Complex, Sabah, East Malaysia. Geol. Jahrbuch, B 74, p. 65-95. (On stratabound copper-bearing massive sulhides in upper part of basic volcanic sequence of ophiolite complex in Upper Cretaceous- Eocene Sabah Melange Complex, overlain by fine-clastic sedimentary rocks) Muhamad, A.J. & M.J. Hoesni (1992)- Possible source for the Tembungo oils: evidence from biomarker fingerprints. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 213-232. (Tembungo field faulted anticline, with similar oils in different fault blocks: paraffinic, low sulfur and wax. Biomarkers suggest terrigenous source rocks with abundant land plant organic matter) Muller, J. (1964)- Palynological contributions to the history of Tertiary vegetation in N.W. Borneo. In: D. Murchison & T.S. Westoll (eds.) Coal and coal-bearing strata, Elsevier, p. 39-40. Muller, J. (1964)- A palynological contribution to the history of mangrove vegetation in Borneo. In: L.M. Cranwell (ed.) Ancient Pacific floras, the pollen story, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, p. 33-42. Muller, J. (1968)- Palynology of the Pedawan and Plateau sandstone formation (Cretaceous- Eocene) in Sarawak, Malaysia. Micropaleont. 14, 1, p. 1-37. (Early palynological study of Upper Cretaceous- Eocene section of Sarawak. Pedawan Fm is CenomanianTuronian, Plateau sandstone is of Senonian- Eocene age. Age interpretations revised by Morley (1998)) Mustard, H.M. (1997)- The Bau gold district- East Malaysia. In: Proc. World Gold ’97 Conf., p. 67-77. Mylius, H.G. (1990)- The geological setting of a cupfiferous sulfide mineralization in the Kiabau area of the Bidu Bidu Hills, Sabah, East Malaysia. Geol. Jahrbuch, B 74, p. 97-114. (Massive copper-bearing pyrite mineralization in sequence of altered basalt and mudstone close to contact with ultrabasic rocks) Nagano, K., S. Takenouchi, H. Imai & T. Shoji (1977)- Fluid inclusion study of the Mamut porphyry copper deposit, Sabah, Malaysia. Mining Geol. 27, 143, p.201-212. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp...)


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Nagtegaal, P.J.C. (1989)- A century of petroleum exploration in Sarawak and Sabah. ASEAN Concil on Petroleum, p. 29-36. Nakamura, T., T. Miyake, N. Kanao & N. Tomizawa (1970)- Exploration and prospecting in Mamut Mine, Sabah, Malaysia. Mining Geol. 20, 100, p.106-113. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp...) (In Japanese, with English abstract) (Mamut mine 7 miles N of Ranau on E flank of Mt. Kinabalu. Originally located during 1965 geochemical survey. Ore deposit of Mamut-2 mine is low grade gold-bearing 'porphyry copper'. Pyrite, chalcopyrite and chalcocite form bulk of sulphides, associated with minor molybdenite and bornite) Newton, R. Bullen (1897)- On a Jurassic lamellibranch and some other associated fossils from the Sarawak, River limestones of Borneo; with a sketch of the Mesozoic fauna of that island. Geol. Mag., 1897, p. 407-115. (Middle Jurassic bivalves in shallow marine sand-rich sediments)

Newton-Smith, J. (1967)- Bidu Bidu Hills area, Sabah, East Malaysia. Malaysia Borneo Region Geol. Survey, Report 4, p. 1-109. Newton-Smith, J. (1977)- Geology and mineralization at the Mamut copper prospect, Sabah. Geol. Survey Malaysia, Geol. Papers 2, p. 55-65. (Additional observations on Tertiary porphyry copper type ore body on SE slope of Mt Kinabalu, first described by Kirk (1967)) Ng, T.S. & M. Mohamad (1996)- A quantitative analysis of seismic reflection in a gas-bearing carbonate buildup, offshore Malaysia. In: P. Weimer & T.L. Davis (eds.) Applications of 3-D seismic data to exploration and production, AAPG Studies in Geology 42, p. 219-244. (Some 200 Miocene carbonate buildups mapped in Luconia Province, offshore Sarawak. Vertical and lateral porosity variations in carbonate reservoirs can be calibrated to seismic amplitude and acoustic impedance) Noad, J.J. (1999)- The sedimentary evolution of the Tertiary of Eastern Sabah, Northern Borneo. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, p. 1-456. Noad, J. (2001)- The Gomantong Limestone of eastern Borneo: a sedimentological comparison with the nearcontemporaneous Luconia Province. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 175, p. 273-302. (C Sabah basin was Eocene-Miocene E-W trending foreland basin, with carbonates in E. Late Oligoceneearliest Miocene (Te5) Gomantong Lst outcrops in E. Sabah interpreted as shelf with fringing and patch reefs. Carbonate deposition ended with ‘rejuvenation of C Sabah basin’ around E-M Miocene boundary, ~16 Ma) Nuraiteng, T.Abdullah & A. Kushairi (1987)- Pedawan Formation of the Penrissen area, Sarawak: a revision of its upper age limit. Warta Geologi (Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl.) 13, 2, p. 43-50. (Youngest Globotruncana at top of W Sarawak Pedawan Fm is Upper Santonian age) Nuraiteng, T.Abdullah & Chieng Yih Yaw (1993)- Distribution of foraminiferal assemblages in the Upper Eocene Batu Gading Limestone, Sarawak. Proc. Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of Mainland and Southeast Asia: facies & paleontology, Chiang Mai 1993, p. 231-242. Nuttall, C.P. (1961)- Gastropoda from the Miri and Seria Formations, Tutong Road, Brunei. In: G.E. Wilford, The geology and mineral resources of Brunei and adjacent parts of Sarawak, British Borneo Geol. Survey Mem. 10, p. 73-87. Nuttall, C.P. (1964)- Report on Mollusca from the Sebahat Formation, Tunku River, Dent Peninsula, Sabah. Malaysia Geol. Survey, Borneo Region, Ann. Rept., 1963, p. 165-166.


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Nuttall, C.P. (1965)- Report on the Haile collection of fossil Mollusca from the Plio-Pleistocene Togopi Formation, Dent Peninsula, Sabah, Malaysia. Geol. Surv. Borneo Region, Malaysia, Mem. 16, p. 155-192. Nuttall, C.P. & K.M. Leong (1972)- Occurrence of Acteonella (Opistobranch gastropod) in the Cretaceous of Sabah. Geol. Survey Malaysia, Geol. Papers 1, p. 1-8. Olave-Hoces, S. (2006)- Controls on isolated carbonate platform evolution and demise, Central Luconia province, South China Sea. M.Sc. Thesis Texas A&M Univ., 85p. (online at: http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1795/OLAVE-HOCES-THESIS.pdf) (Numerous isolated carbonate platforms in C Luconia in Middle-Late Miocene. Flooding at ~16.5 Ma initiated near-simultaneous carbonate sedimentation. Five growth stages. SE Central Luconia platforms thicker and larger, reflecting greater subsidence to SE. First platforms drowned (~12.5-9.7 Ma) in E, affected by siliciclastic sediments and high local subsidence. Platforms drowned later (~6.3-5.5 Ma) caused by rapid sealevel rise and local subsidence. C Luconia carbonate platforms drowned earlier (latest Late Miocene) than E Natuna platforms (E Pliocene). Omang, S.A.K. (1993)- Petrology, geochemistry and structural geology of the Darvel Bay Ophiolite, Sabah, Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis Royal Holloway, University of London, p. (Unpublished) Omang, S.A.K. (1995)-Petrology and geochemistry of the mantle-sequence peridotite of the Darvel Bay Ophiolite, Sabah, Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia. 38, p. 31-48. (Mantle-sequence peridotites of Darvel Bay Ophiolite mainly depleted harzburgites. Less depleted (refractory) mantle than harzburgites of Oman, Papuan and Halmahera ophiolites and represent a supra-subduction zone (SSZ)-ophiolite type) Omang, S.A.K. (1996)- Petrology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks associated with the Darvel Bay Ophiolite, Lahad Datu, eastern Sabah, Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum geology conference, Kuala Lumpur 1995, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 39, p. 65-80. (At least three unrelated volcanic rock groups in ophiolitic terrain of Darvel Bay area. Group I and II may be related to oceanic crust formation, Group III to M Miocene volcanic arc activity of Dent Peninsula) Omang, S.A.K. (1996)-Sub-ophiolite metamorphic rocks in the Tungku area, Lahad Datu, eastern Sabah, Malaysia; origin and tectonic significance. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum geology conference, Kuala Lumpur 1995, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 39, p. 51-64. (Sub-ophiolite metamorphic garnet amphibolites found as clasts in late Early Miocene- M Miocene melange formed at high P and T interpreted as derived from metamorphic sole below Darvel Bay Ophiolite Complex, formed during subduction of ocean crust and emplacement of ophiolite complex. Garnet amphibolites were oceanic crust MORB tholeiites, metamorphosed in upper mantle and deformed and recrystallised with mylonitic textures in amphibolite facies. K/Ar age of 76 +or- 21 Ma coincides with Late Cretaceous-Paleogene age of subduction beneath Darvel Bay Ophiolite inferred from stratigraphic evidence) Omang, S.A.K. & A.J. Barber (1996)- Origin and tectonic significance of the metamorphic rocks associated with the Darvel Bay Ophiolite, Sabah, Malaysia. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of SE Asia, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 106, p. 263-279. (Banded hornblende gneiss, amphibolite and schists form lenses in 8 km wide belt in Darvel Bay Ophiolite Complex, representing gabbros, plagiogranites, basaltic dykes, basaltic volcanics and cherts formed at spreading ridge in supra-subduction zone environment, deformed at high T- low P along transform fault. Garnet pyroxenites and amphibolites found as clasts in Miocene volcanic agglomerates formed at high-P, and derived from metamorphic sole formed during ocean crust subduction and emplacement of ophiolite complex) Omang, S.A.K. & S.H. Tahir (1995)- Cretaceous and Neogene lavas of Sabah; origin and tectonic significance. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 38, p. 21-30. (Cretaceous Telupid basalt low-K tholeiitic lava or "boninitic suite", formed in response to intra-oceanic subduction. As subduction proceeded, magma composition changed to calc-alkaline suite (high-K Neogene


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Tungku and Tanjung Batu andesites). Volcanics evolution starts with oceanic island arc, where suprasubduction zone extension led to genesis of tholeiitic/ boninitic lava (Telupid basalt), followed by volcanic arc (Tungku andesite), followed by arc-splitting, as extension continued, Sulu Sea marginal basin formed. Partial closing of Sulu Sea caused S-ward subduction beneath older arc and formation of Tanjung Batu andesite) Percival, T.J. & A.H. Hofstra (2002)- Bau, Malaysia; SRHDG deposit associated with Miocene magmatism. Geol. Soc. America, 2002 Ann. Mtg., Abstracts with Programs 34, 6, p. 142. (Abstract only) (Bau district, NW Borneo, produced 37.3 t gold. It is in Cretaceous thrust sheet comprised of L. Jurassic- M. Cretaceous limestone and clastics and L. Triassic island arc volcanics that is overthrust by L. Jurassic- L. Cretaceous siliciclastic turbidites. M Miocene magmatism due to SE subduction of Proto-South China Sea under Borneo. Numerous 10-13 Ma, I-type, intermediate to felsic porphyry stocks intrude >30 km long NNE transtensional fault zone. Au deposits at intersection of NNE fault system and ENE-striking anticline) Percival, T.J., A.S. Radtke & W.C. Bagby (1990)- Relationships among carbonate-replacement gold deposits, gold skarns, and intrusive rocks, Bau Mining District, Sarawak, Malaysia. Mining Geol. 40, 1, p. 1-16. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/..) (Three distinct styles of gold mineralization in Upper Jurassic Bau Lst, associated with Miocene microgranodiorite porphyry stocks in Bau mining district, 24 km SW of Kuching. Most gold produced from 'Carlintype' carbonate-replacement deposits. Numerous gold deposits along Tai Parit fault suggest fault was major conduit for hydrothermal fluids) Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia. Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, 665 p. (Most comprehensive overview of Malaysia (incl. N Borneo) geology and oil and gas fields) Pimm, A.C. (1965)- Serian Area, West Sarawak, East Malaysia. Geol. Survey Borneo Region Malaysia, Report 3, p. 1-92. (Serian area in W Sarawak- W Kalimantan border area, SE of Kuching. Pre-Upper Carboniferous Kerait schists, similar to 'NW Kalimantan Domain'. Overlain by Late Carboniferous- E Permian Terbat Fm interbedded fusulinid limestone, chert and shale, at least 3000' thick, unconformably overlain by Late Triassic Sadong Fm clastics and tuffs with Halobia and Serian Fm andesitic-basaltic volcanics. Sadong-Serian Fms folded before deposition of Late Jurassic Bau Limestone. Unconformably overlain by ?Eocene Silantek Fm clastics. With 1:50,000 scale geologic map) Pimm, A.C. (1967)- Bau Mining District, West Sarawak, Malaysia. Part II- Krokong. Geol. Survey Borneo Region Malaysia, Bull. 7, 2, p. 1-97. Pimm, A.C. (1968)- Triassic volcanic rocks in East and West Malaysia. Geol. Survey Borneo Region Malaysia, Bull. 8, p. 36-40. Prosser, D.J. & R.R. Carter (1997)- Permeability heterogeneity within the Jerudong Formation: an outcrop analogue for subsurface Miocene reservoirs in Brunei. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 195-235. (Permeability measurements on outcrop of 56m of Late Miocene (E Tortonian) Jerudong Fm at Punyit Beach, Brunei, show large variations) Prouteau, G., R.C. Maury, C. Rangin, S. Emmy & H. Bellon (1996)- Les adakites miocenes du NW de Borneo, temoins de la fermeture de la proto-mer de Chine. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 323, 11, p. 925-932. ('The Miocene adakites of NW Borneo, witnesses of the closing of the proto-South China Sea'. Early Miocene Sintang granodiorite intrusives dated back to 18.3 and 19.2 Ma, with characteristics of slab melts (adakites). Youngest rocks (16.5, 16.7 Ma) are calc-alkaline dacites. Sintang adakites coeval with early stage of subduction of Proto South China Sea Basin (more likely final stge ?; HvG))


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Prouteau, G., R.C. Maury, F.G. Sajona, M. Pubellier, J. Cotton & H. Bellon (2001)- Le magmatisme postcollisionnel du Nord-Ouest de Borneo, produit de la fusion d'un fragment de croute oceanique ancre dans le manteau superieur. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 172, p. 319-332. ('The post-collisional magmatism of NW Borneo: product of melting of a fragment of oceanic crust in the upper mantle'. Magmas in Sarawak formed by melting of subducted oceanic crust in upper mantle, as evidenced by Miocene adakites. Two kinds of intrusions: High-medium K calc-alkaline diorites in N of study area (Lower Miocene; 22.3-23.7 Ma); microtonalites and dacites near Kuching and S Sarawak (M-U Miocene, 14.6- 6.4 Ma). Lower Miocene diorites characteristic of subduction-related magmas. M-U Miocene microtonalites and dacites also adakitic features: SiO2-rich (65-70%) and sodic; rare pyroxenes, etc.) Ramli, M.Y. (1992)- Paranchangan fault zone; the southern sector, Sabah. In: Y.E. Heng (ed.) Proc. 23rd Geol. Conf. Techn. Paper, Geol. Survey Malaysia, p. 131-140. Rangin, C., H. Bellon, F. Benard, J. Letouzey, C. Muller & S. Tahir (1990)- Neogene arc-continent collision in Sabah, N. Borneo (Malaysia). Tectonophysics 183, p. 305-319. (Sabah arc-continent collision in early M Miocene, followed by intraplate shortening, still active today. Late Oligocene-M Miocene volcanic arc imbricated with melanges and thrust NW-ward on polyphase-deformed Late Cretaceous-M Miocene turbiditic sequence (Crocker Range). Intraplate shortening seen in thrusting- folding offshore Sabah along Palawan-N Borneo Trench and broad folds and strike-slip faulting in previously sutured terranes. Collision result of final stage of S-ward subduction of Proto-S China Sea or back thrusting of Sulu volcanic arc during Celebes Sea subduction to N. K-Ar age of 137 Ma for gabbro of Sabah oceanic crust basement, 6 Ma cooling age for Kinabalu granodiorite) (see also comments and reply by Hutchison (1991)) Redfield, A.H. (1922)- Petroleum in Borneo. Economic Geol. 17, 5, p. 313-349. (Review of petroleum discoveries on Borneo, including Miri district of Brunei) Reinhard, M. (1922)- Contributions to the physiography and geology of the South-East Coast of British North Borneo. Geogr. J. 63, 2, p. 121-134. Reinhard, M. & E. Wenk (1951)- Geology of the colony of North Borneo. Bull. Geol. Survey Dept. British Territories in Borneo, 1, 160 p. (Early compilation of North Borneo geology, commissioned by Shell) Rice-Oxley, E.D. (1991)- Palaeoenvironments of the Lower Miocene to Pliocene sediments in offshore N.W. Sabah area. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 28, p. 165-194. (Biostratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy used in offshore NW Sabah to define paleo-shelf edges/ paleocoastlines and 4 seismic facies) Rijks, E.J.H. (1981)- Baram Delta geology and hydrocarbon occurrence. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 14, p. 1-18. (Baram Delta contains bulk of Sarawak oil reserves, with 11 fields, one onshore (Miri, 1910). Delta depocenter developed in Late Eocene and from early M Miocene onward characterized by multiple regressive phases of sedimentation. Tectonics interaction of N-hading growth faults and NE-SW trending latest Miocene folds) Robinson, K.M. (1984)- Assessment of undiscovered recoverable petroleum resources in Tertiary sedimentary basins of Malaysia and Brunei. U.S.Geol. Survey, Open File Rept. 84-328, p. . Robinson, K.M. (1985)- Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources in Tertiary sedimentary basins of Malaysia and Brunei. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 18, p. 119-132. (Undiscovered petroleum resources assessment suggests mean 8 billion barrels of oil and 80 TCF gas remaining to be discovered in Malaysia and Brunei) Robinson, K., P. Baltensperger, A. Thomas & S. Noon (2009)- The Middle Miocene unconformity (MMU) and globigerinid sands in deepwater Sarawak. In: Proc. Petrol. Geol. Conf. Exh., Kuala Lumpur 2009, 3p.


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(Talang 1 well gas in early Middle Miocene (N8, 16.1- 16.3 Ma Sr age) planktonic foraminifera sands immediately above ‘Mid-Miocene angular unconformity’, above rotated faults blocks with E Miocene N6 (18.519.0 Ma) sediments) Roe, F.W. (1955)- Outline of the geology of British Borneo. Ann. Rept. Geological Survey Dept. 1954, Kuching, p. 6-22. Roe, F.W. (1964)- The geological relationship between Mt Kinabalu and neighbouring regions. Proc. Royal Soc. London, B, 161, 982, p. 49-56 Romain, C. & D. Goulding (2005)- Deepwater Sarawak Block F, Malaysia. Proc. SEAPEX Conf., Singapore 2005. p. Ronghe, S. & S. Pambayuning (2002)- Depth-induced impedance variations in reservoir sands; implications for predicting lithology and fluid distributions offshore Brunei Darussalam. The Leading Edge 21, p. 388-393. (On the use of seismic impedance to delineate extent of hydrocarbon-bearing sand reservoirs) Roohi, G. (1994)- Biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Subis limestone, Sarawak, East Malaysia. M.Sc Thesis University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, p. 1-168. (Early Miocene Subis Limestone of Sarawak. With Niah caves, 65 km SW of Miri) Roohi, G. (1998)- Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Subis Limestone (Early Miocene) Sarawak, East Malaysia and correlation with the Neogene of the Indus Basin, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Hydrocarb. Res. 10, p. 81104. Rutten, L. (1915)- Tertiare foraminiferen von den Inseln Balambangan und Banguey, nordlich von Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 10, p. 11-17. ('Tertiary foraminifera from the Balambangan and Banguey islands, North of Borneo') Rutten, L. (1921)- Over den ouderdom der Tertiaire oliehoudende afzeetingen van Klias-schiereiland en Poeloe Laboean (Noordwest Borneo). Verslag. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 29, p. 1140-1149. (Dutch version of Rutten (1921) below) Rutten, L. (1921)- On the age of the Tertiary oil-bearing deposits of the peninsula of Klias and Pulu Labuan (N.W. Borneo). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 23, 2, p. 1142-1150. (Online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014767.pdf) (Samples from Klias Peninsula and Klias island off N Borneo with E-M Miocene larger forams. Recognizes ‘stupendous uplift’ of Central Borneo, generating huge volumes of Neogene clastics in E, SE and NW. In Sangkulirang area, E Borneo, Neogene deposits more pelagic to East, ‘pointing to an old marine territory in Makassar Strait’) Rutten, L. (1925)- Over fossielhoudende Tertiaire kalksteenen uit Britsch Noord Borneo. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek Memorial Volume), p. 415-428. ('On fossiliferous Tertiary limestones from British North Borneo'. Kudat Peninsula N of Kinabalu Eocene limestones with Discocyclina, Spiroclypeus and Pellatispira, but some samples with younger Lepidocyclina) Ryall, P.J.C. & D. Beattie (1996)- A gravity high in Darvel Bay. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum geology conference, Kuala Lumpur 1995, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 39, p. 113-122. (Gravity survey along coastlines and on islands of Darvel Bay shows a broad WNW-striking gravity high of 60 mgal, with maximum on S coast of Pulau Sakar, suggesting extensive ultramafic body beneath Darvel Bay) Sadikun, S. (1997)- Some quantitative studies on wireline logs of the Baram Delta Field. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 41, p. 139-150.


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Sakamoto, T. & T. Ishibashi (2002)- Paleontological study of fusulinoidean fossils from the Terbat Formation, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Mem. Fac. Science, Kyushu University, Ser. D, Earth Planet. Sci. 31, 2, p. 29-57. (U Carboniferous- basal Permian Terbat Fm limestone, chert and shale, SE of Kuching, W Sarawak, with diverse fusulinid foram assemblage of 29 species/ 18 genera, of M Moscovian (lower U Carboniferous)- U Asselian (basal Permian) age. Correlates with faunas from E Tethys, including Thailand, S China, Japan) Salleh, Z., A.S.A. Jamil, K.R. Mohamed & C.A. Ali (2008)- Hydrocarbon generation potential of the coals and shales around the Eucalyptus campsite area, Maliau Basin, Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 54, p. 147-158. (Shales and coals of M Miocene Kapilit Fm, Maliau Basin, SE Sabah, good- very good hydrocarbon generating potential. Vitrinite Reflectance of most samples 0.57- 0.70%, indicating early oil generation stage) Saller, A. & G. Blake (2003)- Sequence stratigraphy and syndepositional tectonics of Upper Miocene and Pliocene deltaic sediments, Offshore Brunei Darussalam. In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia-sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology, SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, p. 219-234. (Two main Late Miocene-Pleistocene delta systems on Brunei shelf, Champion and Baram. 'Fourth-order' sequences of 100-200k years average duration, probably close to 100 ky Milankovich frequency) Sandal, S.T. (ed.) (1996)- The geology and hydrocarbon resources of Negara Brunei Darussalam, 1996 Revision. Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. and Brunei Museum, Bandar Seri Begawan, Syabas, 243 p. (Standard work on geology and oil-gas of Brunei, mainly by Brunei Shell geologists. This is updated version of James et al. 1984. Summary online at www.bsp.com.bn/panagaclub/pnhs_old/geology/web/…) Sanderson, G.A. (1966)- Presence of Carboniferous in West Sarawak. AAPG Bull. 50, 3, p. 578-580. (Fusulinid limestone in Terbat Fm, Upper Sadong valley, W Sarawak, with three assemblages, probably Late Carboniferous and Early Permian in age) Sanudin, H.T., B.G. Muhammad, J.J. Pereira & C.J. Quek (1992)- Occurrence of melange in the Bengkoka Peninsula, Sabah. Warta Geol. 18, 1, p. 1-7. Sapawi, Awang, M.L. Anwar & E.P.K. Seah (1991)- Geochemistry of selected crude oils from Sabah and Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 28, p. 123-139. (Oils from 15 offshore Sabah and Sarawak fields three different types, sourced from landplant-derived oranic matter. Source rocks probably peat swamp environments) Sapin, F., M. Pubellier, A. Lahfid, D. Janots, C. Aubourg & J.C. Ringenbach (2011)- Onshore record of the subduction of a crustal salient: example of the NW Borneo wedge. Terra Nova 23, 4, p. 232-240. (Subducted horst in NW Borneo Wedge evidenced by strong bend of structural trend of Rajang-Crocker Belt and area with ′hummocky′, texture representing dismantled packages of sediments, also some large back and out-of-sequence thrusts in internal zones and complex folds rooted on shear structures in accretionary wedge) Sarkar, S.S. (1973)- The extension of Tethyan Lower Cretaceous to Sarawak, East Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 45, p. 4-5. (Ammonites Berriasiella, Micracanthoceras and Turmanniceras from basal Pedawan Fm shales (overlying Bau Lst) of Upper Tithonian- Lower Valanginian age and of Tethyan affinity. No illustrations, but locality clarified in Hashimoto et al. (1975) as 19 mile marker on Serrian Road) Schaar, G. (1976)- The occurrence of hydrocarbons in overpressured reservoirs of the Baram Delta (Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia). Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 163-169. Schaub, H.P. & A. Jackson (1958)- The northwestern oil basin of Borneo. In: L.G. Weeks (ed.), Habitat of Oil, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Spec. Publ. 18, p. 1330-1336. (Shell paper on oil province of North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei, where oil was first found on Labuan island in 1866. Commercial production from Upper Miocene- Lower Pliocene clastics)


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Scherer, F.C. (1980)- Exploration in East Malaysia over the past decade. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Giant oil and gas fields of the decade 1968-1978. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 30, p. 423-440. (N Borneo exploration resulted in discovery of 2 large oil fields, six large gas fields and several smaller oil fields. Descriptions of giant fields Baronia (1967- Baram Delta), Samarang (1972- S Sabah) and Central Luconia gas fields (1968-1975, C Sarawak, mainly in M-L Miocene carbonates)) Schmidt, C. (1904)- Uber die Geologie von Nordwest-Borneo und eine daselbst enstandene “Neue Insel”. Gerlands Beitr. Geophysik 7, 1, p. 127-136. (‘On the geology of NW Borneo and and a newly-formed island’. Discussion of folded Tertiary around Brunei bay, Klias Peninsula and Labuan Island and the ‘birth’ of new mud diapyr island off W side of Klias Peninsula in 1897) Schmidtke, E.A., M.D. Fuller & R.B. Haston (1990)- Paleomagnetic data from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of Sundaland. Tectonics 9, 1, p. 123-140. (Paleomagnetic data from 231 samples of W Sarawak U Jurassic-Miocene show increasing counterclockwise (CCW) declination deflection with age. Samples from mid-Cretaceous Orbitolina limestone near Pedawan ~90 CCW rotation. Oligo-Miocene intrusions CCW rotations of 52° (26 Ma) and 22° (17 Ma). Sites in U EoceneOligocene Silantek Fm ~41° CCW rotation. CCW rotation extends into W Malaysia, suggesting W Borneo and Malay Peninsula stable block in latest Cretaceous-Cenozoic, with up to 108° CCW rotation. Cenozoic rotation also possibly between Indochina and Borneo. Sense of rotation does not support 'propagating extrusion tectonics' model for Cenozoic SE Asia) Schreurs, J. (1997)- Geology of Brunei deltas, exploration status updated. Oil and Gas J. 95, 31, p. 76-80. (Summary of Brunei petroleum geology) Schreurs, J. (1997)- The petroleum geology of Negara Brunei Darussalem; an update. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 751-766. (Summary of Sandal et al. (1996) Shell book on geology and hydrocarbons of Brunei. Brunei in Neogene Baram Delta Province. Three main delta phases in overall regressive system: (1) Meligan Delta (Proto-Champion, early Baram Delta), pre-M Miocene, only preserved as erosional remnants in uplifted hinterland; (2) Champion Delta (E Baram Delta), axis of progradation along Brunei- Sabah border, M-Late Miocene (14.2-7.4 Ma); (3) Baram Delta, main axis in Brunei's W Offshore, E Pliocene (5.2 Ma) - Recent) Schuh, W.D. (1993)- Geology, geochemistry, and ore deposits of the Bau gold mining district, Sarawak, Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis University of Arizona, 395 p. (Study of ore deposits and structural- tectonic setting of Bau area, W Sarawak. In Late Triassic, Bau was in island arc - back-arc basin environment (Serian andesitic volcanics). Early Jurassic deformation and uplift followed by active margin development with subduction of W Pacific oceanic plate under NW Kalimantan block. Erosion of Serian Volcanics produced turbidites of Latest Jurassic- Late Cretaceous Pedawan Fm. Coeval development of rudist patch reefs on unstable shelf edge of overriding plate until Cenomanian. Early Tertiary molasse deposition ended with M Eocene event. A crustal-scale dextral strike-slip fault system (Bau Trend) developed during M Miocene post-subduction regional extension. Principal gold mineralization took place at ? Ma, when I-type, calc-alkaline, reduced granodiorites intruded along Bau Trend and its intersection with seven parallel, ENE fracture zones. Central Bau underlain by ENE trending plutonic body at depth) Schulz-Rojahn, J.P., P. Walshe & I. Suhaili (2004)- Champion West field development, Brunei: a study in seal, compartmentalisation and fluid fill uncertainty. In: Proc. SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Perth 2004, 13p. (Paper addressing management of contact uncertainty in Champion field, with common thin, multi-layered, intensely faulted sandstone reservoirs with complex fluid fill distributions) Schwing, H.F., S. Algar, P. Crevello & J. Roestenburg (2005)- Mass transport complexes of the Northwest Sabah deepwater: characterisation from seismic and borehole data. Proc. SEAPEX Conf., Singapore 2005. p.


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Shoup, R.C. (2007)- The relationship between recovery efficiency and depositional setting in a deltaic plain environment. AAPG Ann. Conv., Long Beach 2007, Search and Discovery Article 40240, p. 1-17. (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2007/07040shoup/images/shoup.pdf) (Study of Temana Field, Balingian Province, offshore Sarawak, with >100 Oligo-Miocene deltaic reservoir compartments. Channel sandstone reservoirs in estuarine settings where connected laminated overbank deposits provide aquifer support have recovery efficiencies up to 50%.. Channel sands without connected overbank deposits have recovery efficiency of 30%.) Shuib, M.K. (2003)- A dextral strike-slip model for the Miri Structure. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 95-103. (Miri Field structure result of interplay between compression and tensional wrenching (NNE-trending dextral strike-slip.) Sim, D. & G. Jaeger (2003)- Tectonostratigraphy and trap styles of the half-graben sub-province in West Luconia, offshore Sarawak. In: Petroleum Geology Conf. Exhib. 2003, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 49, p. 107-110. (online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v49/Pages%20107-110.pdf) (Half-Graben sub-province in W Luconia, offshore Sarawak, characterised by NNW trending, SW-dipping extensional faults, creating sub-basins within half-grabens during M Miocene. Syn-rift carbonates at base of half-graben drowned as result of rapid graben subsidence and influx of clastics. M Miocene fluviomarine sediments filled half-grabens. Rifting ended at start of Late Miocene. Post-rift sediments two main hiatuses: U Miocene (~10.6 Ma) and Lower Pliocene (~5.6 Ma). Miocene-Pliocene boundary was last major deformation, with faulted anticlinal structures in NW area, attributed to wrench related inversion of extensional faults) Simmons, M.D., M.D. Bidgood, P. Brenac, P.D. Crevello, J.J. Lambiase & C.K. Morley (1999)- Microfossil assemblages as proxies for precise palaeoenvironmental determination- an example from Miocene sediments from north-west Borneo. In: R.W. Jones & M.D. Simmons (eds.) Biostratigraphy in production and development geology, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 152, p. 219-241. (Palynomorphs and foraminifera allow distinction of paleoenvironments where core is absent in Miocene deltaic-marine clastics formations of Brunei-Sabah) Sleumer, B.H.G. (1978)- The Subis Limestone Complex- Sarawak, Malaysia. In: Proc. Carbonate Seminar, Jakarta 1976, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 120-121. (Abstract only) (Subis Lst, 100 km S of Miri, ~1000’ thick isolated carbonate buildup with caves in Sarawak. Age Early Miocene/Te5 (Eulepidina+ Miogypsina). Contemporaneous Setap Fm shales belong to G. binaiensis zone) Sorkhabi, R. & S. Hasegawa (2005)- Fault zone architecture and permeability distribution in the Neogene clastics of Northern Sarawak (Miri Airport road outcrop), Malaysia. In: Faults, fluid flow and petroleum traps, AAPG Mem. 85, p. 139- 151. Sperber, C.M. (2009)- The thermotectonic development of Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis Royal Holloway, University of London, p. (Unpublished) Staub, J.R., H.L. Among & R.A. Gastaldo (2000)- Seasonal sediment transport and deposition in the Rajang River delta, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Sediment. Geol. 133, p. 249-264. (Description of sedimentary processes in Rajang Delta, NW Borneo, and variations in deposition between wet and dry seasons) Staub, J.R. & J.S. Esterle (1993)- Provenance and sediment dispersal in the Rajang River delta/ coastal plain system, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Sediment. Geol. 85, p. 191-201. Staub, J.R. & J.S. Esterle (1994)- Peat-accumulating depositional systems of Sarawak, East Malaysia. Sediment. Geol. 89, p. 91-106.


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(Sarawak prograding coastal depositional systems contain domed peat-accumulating environments in which low-ash, low-sulfur peats are being deposited in areas of active siliciclastic sedimentation. Depositional systems up to 11,400 km2 large, individual peat deposits >20 m thick and 1000 km2 in area) Staub, J.R. & R.A. Gastaldo (2003)- Late Quaternary sedimentation and peat development in the Rajang River Delta, Sarawak, East Malaysia. In: F.H. Sidi et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia; sedimentology, stratigraphy, and petroleum geology. Soc. Sediment. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 76, p. 71-87. (Thick, domed peat deposits on Rajang delta tide-influenced alluvial valley and coastal plain. NE-striking shoreline terrace sands along landward margin of delta and coastal plain and gravel outcrops in alluvial valley expression of VIIa/ 125 ka highstand surface. Lignite near present coast at 80 m depth represents IIIb highstand surface, indicating 40 m of subsidence in last 40 ka. Gravel dominates base of incised-valley fill 10 km wide- 45 m thick and overlain by fining-upward succession with tidally influenced upper part. Interfluve areas in landward half of NE delta plain and adjacent coastal plain with >10 m Recent peat deposits on Pleistocene began accumulating between 7.3- 5.8 ka as rate of sea-level rise slowed. Sediments adjacent to peat deposits tide-influenced clastics. Seaward half of NE delta plain, delta front, and prodelta up to 40 m thick seawardthickening wedge, accumulated in last 5 ka, with basal gravel lag over rooted, yellow-brown alluvial soil, overlain by delta-front and prodelta clays- silts, delta-front distributary-mouth sands and shoreline sands. Young (<5 ka), thin (<10 m) peat on top of wedge in this part of delta plain) Stauffer, P.H. (1967)- Studies in the Crocker Formation, Sabah. Bull. Geol. Survey Borneo Region 8, p. 1-13. ('The most significant paper on the Crocker Fm'; Hutchison 2005. Paleocene- E Miocene deformed submarine fan system) Stauffer, P.H. & D.T.C. Lee (1972)- Sedimentology of the Sandakan formation, East Sabah. Geol. Survey of Malaysia, Geol. Papers 1, p. 10-17. Stephens, E.A. (1956)- The manganese deposits of North Borneo. Reports 20th Sess. Int. Geol. Congr., Mexico, 4, p. 297-312. (Manganese mineralization in N Borneo associated with radiolarian chert in Paleocene- Lower Eocene cherts and spilites, capped by M Eocene- Miocene sandstone, shale, and limestone. Ore mainly psilomelane and pyrolusite. Manganese probably introduced simultaneously with extrusion of basic lavas, contemporaneous with silicification. Tropical weathering subsequently concentrated manganese) Stephens, E.A. (1958)- The geology and mineral resources of the Kota Belud and Kudat area, North Borneo. Geol. Survey Dept. British Territories in Borneo, Mem. 5, 137 p. (Kota Belud Kudat region with Cretaceous- Early Eocene cherts (with manganese ores in Taritipan district), spilites and related geosynclinal deposits, with intermediate-ultrabasic igneous intrusives. Thick Eocene sandsshales and (mainly N of Kudat) Miocene shallow marine sediments and andesites. Oil seeps near Sikuati) Straub, K.M. & D. Mohrig (2009)- Constructional canyons built by sheet-like turbidity currents: observations from offshore Brunei Darussalam. J. Sedim. Res. 79, 1, p. 24-39. (Seismic examples of Quaternary canyons in 900m of water off Brunei, not formed by erosion, but in net deposition conditions) Suggate, S. (2011)- Provenance of Neogene sandstones, Sabah, Northern Borneo. In: Conf. Sediment provenance studies in hydrocarbon exploration & production, Geol. Soc., London 2011, p. 32. (Abstract only) (E Miocene Sabah Orogeny deformed/ exposed pre-Neogene rocks in N Borneo (Top Crocker Unconformity) Most Neogene sands compositionally and texturally mature, and recycled from pre-Neogene sediments, ultimately derived from Schwaner Mts and Malay-Thai Tin Belt Granites, with some input from N Borneo ophiolitic basement, and Cenozoic volcanic rocks. Exception is oldest member of E Miocene Kudat Fm, which is immature, with granites and metamorphic rocks of Palawan Microcontinental Block contributing significant amounts of sediment. Jurassic zircon population indicate S China source. Also garnet composition supports derivation of garnets from Palawan)


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Swauger, D.A., S.C. Bergman, A.P. Marillo, E.S. Pagado & T. Surat (1995)- Tertiary stratigraphy and tectonic framework of Sabah, Malaysia: a field and laboratory study. In: GEOSEA 95, 8th Regional Conf. Geology, Minerals, and Energy Resources of SE Asia, Manila 1995, p. 35-36. Swauger, D.A., C.S. Hutchison, S.C. Bergman & J.E. Graves (2000)- Age and emplacement of the Mount Kinabalu pluton. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 44, p. 159-163. (Radiometric dates of Mt Kinabalu pluton reflect Middle-Late Miocene cooling history: hornblende 13.7 Ma, biotite 10.3 Ma and zircon 8.8 Ma) Tahir, S.H & A. Jantan (1994)- Stratigraphy of the Middle Miocene volcanic facies, Dent Peninsula, Sabah. Newsl. Geol. Soc.Malaysia 20, 3, p. 225-227. Tahir, S.H., B. Musta & I.A. Rahim & (2010)- Geological heritage features of Tawau volcanic sequence, Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 56, p. 79-85. (Description of Early Cretaceous oceanic crust/ Neogene volcanic arc terrane of Semporna Peninsula, SE Sabah near Kalimantan border. Oldest rocks fragmented oceanic crust material (Chert-Spilite Fm), emplaced in Albian-Cenomanian (similar age as Meratus Mts). Overlain by thick, folded M Miocene volcanic island arc deposits, overlain by Plio-Pleistocene volcanics. Sabah deformation phases in M Eocene, M Miocene and PlioPleistocene. Two volcanic arc phases (1): related to closing of Celebes and Sulu marginal basins in M Miocene and (2) related to S Philippine Sea Plate in Plio-Pleistocene) Taira, K. & W. Hashimoto (1971)- C-14 age calculated for raised coral reef limestones near Semporna, Sabah, North Borneo, Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 9, Tokyo University Press, p. 161164. (C-14 dating of oyster in raised coral limestone on Sipangao island 21' above high tide ~28,000 BP or older. On Danawan island coral cliffs >40' high) Takuya, S. & I. Takeshi (2002)- Paleontological study of fusulinoidean fossils from the Terbat Formation, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Mem. Fac. Science, Kyushu University, Ser. D, Earth Planet. Sci. 31, 2, p. 29-57. (Carboniferous-Permian Terbat Fm S of Kuching, W Sarawak, composed of limestone, chert and shale. Diverse M Moscovian- U Asselian (Late Carboniferous- E Permian) fusulinid faunas (29 species, 18 genera: Millerella, Ozawainella, Pseudostaffella, Fusiella, Schubertella, Boultonia, Profusulinella, Fusulinella, Beedeina, Fusulina, Quasifusulina, Darvasites, Chusenella, Rugosofusulina, Paraschwagerina Triticites, Sphaeroschwagerina). Correlated with E Tethys fusulinid faunas, similar to Thailand, S China, Japan) Tamura, M. (1973)- Two species of lower Cretaceous Parvamussium from Kyushu, Japan, and Sarawak, Borneo. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 11, p. 119-124. (Lower Cretaceous Pectinid bivalve from Sarawak S of Kuching. Also report perisphinctid ammonite from Bau series black shale probably Berriasella or Microanthoceras indicating Tithonian-Berriasian age) Tamura, M. & C. Hon (1977)- Monotis subcircularis Gabb from Sarawak, East Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press 18, p. 29-31. (Late Triassic thin-shelled bivalve Monotis subcircularis found at Kuap, Sarawak. Identified as M. subcircularis, but more likely Monotis (Eomonotis) according to Silberling (1985)) Tamura, M. & C. Hon (1977)- Upper Jurassic bivalves from the Kedadom formation of Sarawak, Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press 18, p. 3347. (Kedadum Limestone Fm of W Sarawak Callovian- Berriasian in age and related to Torinosu fauna of Japan (Kobayashi 1978)) Tan, D.N.K. (1978)- Lower Cretaceous age for the chert in the Lupar Valley, West Sarawak. Warta Geol. 4, 6, p. 173-176.


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(Radiolaria assemblages identified by Pessagno from 5 chert blocks in Lubok Atu mélange mainly Early and mid-Cretaceous; range Valanginian- Cenomanian) Tan, D.N. (1979)- Lupar Valley, West Sarawak. Geol. Survey Malaysia Report 13, 159p. (Hutchison 2005: Lupar Line complex composed of Upper Cretaceous imbricated flysch with paleocurrent SW to NE (Lupar Fm), chaotic mélange (Lubok Antu mélange with E-M Eocene microfauna in matrix) and ophiolitic rocks (Pakong mafic complex: gabbro and pillow basalts)) Tan, D.N. (1982)- The Lubok-Antu melange, Lupar Valley, West Sarawak: a Lower Tertiary subduction complex. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 15, p. 31-46. (Lower Tertiary Lubok Antu melange in W Sarawak consists of blocks of Lower Cretaceous radiolarian chert, U Cretaceous greywacke and slate, ?Cretaceous and Eocene limestone, calcareous shale, mudstone, sandstone, basalt, spilite, gabbro and serpentinite in pervasively sheared pelitic matrix, locally with Early Tertiary fossils. Also some low-grade prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphics. Geotectonic setting is Late Cretaceous- E Tertiary SE-dipping subduction of oceanic crust under W Borneo continental basement) Tan, D.N.K. (1983)- Nomenclature of the Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary molasse deposits of West Sarawak. Malaysia Geol. Survey Ann. Rept. for 1981, p. 348-355. Tan, D.N.K. (1984)- Palaeocurrents in the Tertiary sedimentary deposits in western Sarawak. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 17, p. 258-264. (Tertiary fluvial-deltaic sediments from 7 localities in W Sarawak investigated for paleocurrent indicators. Local mean directions to NW, N, NE, NNE and ESE suggest provenance of these rocks is Paleozoic-Mesozoic of present Bau-Kuching-Serian area) Tan, D.N.K. (1986)- Palaeogeographic development of West Sarawak. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 39-49. (Four paleogeographic maps of W Sarawak: Carbo-Permian, Triassic, Jurassic-Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary. Carbo-Permian dta limited. M-L Triassic Sadong Fm mixed continental- shallow marine deposits and Serian Volcanics. Early Jurassic orogeny/ uplift, feeding Late Jurassic-Cretaceous Kedadom and Pedawan Fms, and offshore deep-sea pelagic deposits. By Early Tertiary most of W Sarawak uplifted; intermontane basins with Silantek Fm, Kayan Sst and Plateau Sst) Tan, D.N.K., B.A.R. Abdul Hadi, A. Azlina, B. Boniface & K.T. Chow (1999)- West Baram Delta. In: Petronas (1999) The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Ch. 13, p. 293-341. Tan, D.N.K. & J.M. Lamy (1990)- Tectonic evolution of the NW Sabah continental margin since the Late Eocene. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 241-260. (NW Sabah Shelf tectono-stratigraphic provinces. Four tectonic stages: (1) Late Eocene- early M Miocene subduction of proto-S China Sea oceanic crust under Borneo; (2) early M Miocene collison of S China Sea continental crust with Borneo, with uplift and erosion of accretionary prism and 'Deep Regional Unconformity'; (3) cessation of subduction in M-L Miocene accompanied by compressional deformation associated with deepseated N-S shear zones in inboard belt (4) Late Miocene-Holocene: inboard belt stable and eroding, outboard belt E Baram Delta, prograding to NW) Tate, R.B. (1976)- Palaeo-environmental studies in Brunei. SEAPEX Proc. 3, p. 102-124. (Measured sections of Brunei Neogene deltaic deposits with interpretations of paleoenvironments) Tate, R.B. (1991)- Cross-border correlation of geological formations in Sarawak and Kalimantan. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 28, p. 63-95. (Correlation charts to reconcile new stratigraphy established by Kalimantan Australian- Indonesian mapping team and Sarawak)


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Tate, R.B. (1992)- The Mulu Shear Zone- a major structural feature of NW Borneo. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 31, p. 51-65. (Major regional NE-SW trending shear zone from Sarawak- Brunei to Sabah) Tate, R.B. (1994)- The sedimentology and tectonics of the Temburong Formation- deformation of early Cenozoic deltaic sequences in NW Borneo. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull., p. 97-112. Tate, R.B. (compiler) (2001)- The geology of Borneo Island. Geol. Soc. Malaysia CD-ROM. Tate, R.B. (1995)- The Balingian shear zone, West Balingian and West Baram lines, Sarawak, and their importance in the early Cenozoic evolution of NW Borneo. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 38; p. 141-151. (Major zone of WNW- trending intense deformation near Sg. Balingian between Sibu and Bintulu, probably continuing offshore along gravity lineament. W Balingian and W Baram Lines mark boundaries of offshore hydrocarbon provinces and together with new shear zone, form fundamental tectonic framework for this part of NW Borneo. Distribution of heat flow, igneous rocks, Oligocene deltas and Oligocene-Miocene carbonates across N Sarawak and N Kalimantan appear to be related to framework which extends across C Borneo) Tate, R.B. & V. Hon (1991)- The oldest rocks in Borneo; a note on the Tuang Formation, West Sarawak and its importance in relation to the presence of a ''basement'' in West Borneo. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 17, 5, p. 221-224. Teoh Ying Jia & A.H. Abd Rahman (2009)- Comparative analysis of facies and reservoir characteristics of Miri Formation (Miri) and Nyalau Formation (Bintulu), Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 55, p. 39- 45. (Outcrop study of sandstones of tidal- shallow marine M Miocene Miri and Nyalau Fms in Sarawak) Thies, K., M. Ahmad, H. Mohamad, R. Bischke, J. Boyer & D.Tearpock (2006)- Structural and stratigraphic development of extensional basins: a case study offshore deepwater Sarawak and Northwest Sabah, Malaysia. AAPG Ann. Conv. 2005, Search and Discovery Article #10103, 6p. (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2006/06026thies/images/thies.pdf) (Half-grabens of deepwater Sarawak and Sabah two or more regressive cycles of rift fill, related to early rifting from ~43- 30 Ma and S China Sea seafloor spreading between 30-16 Ma, separating Dangerous GroundsLuconian microplates from Eurasia. Collision of Luconian Block with Kalimantan Block in M Oligocene and Dangerous Grounds block in M Miocene, terminating half-grabens extension. Lower part of rift-fill cycles predominantly bathyal facies; upper parts more sand prone inner neritic to fluvio-marine) Ting Ching Soon (1992)- Jurassic-Cretaceous palaeogeography of the Jagoi-Serikin area as indicated by the Bau Limestone Formation. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 31, p. 21-38. (Bau Limestone near Kuching, W Sarawak, is Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous fringing reef complex. Back-reef facies closest to landmass (Jagoi granodiorite, Gunung Kisam) at edge of basin with Pedawan Fm deposition) Tingay, M.R.P. (2003)- In situ stress and overpressures of Brunei Darussalam. Ph.D. Thesis, Adelaide University, Australia, p. Tingay, M.R.P., R.R. Hillis, C.K. Morley, R.C. King, R.E. Swarbrick & A.R. Damit (2009)- Present-day stress and neotectonics of Brunei: implications for petroleum exploration and production. AAPG Bull. 93, 1, p. 75100. (Present-day stress in Tertiary Baram Delta exhibits range of values that reflect NW Borneo active margin (situated underneath the basin) and local stresses generated within delta) Tingay, M.R.P., R.R. Hillis, C.K. Morley, R.E. Swarbrick & S.J. Drake (2005)- Present-day stress orientation in Brunei: a snapshot of prograding tectonics in a Tertiary delta. J. Geol. Soc. London 162, p. 39-49. (Baram Delta on active margin. Structures margin-parallel gravity tectonics and margin-normal transpressive tectonics associated with active margin. Maximum horizontal stress margin-normal (NW-SE) in proximal parts of basin and margin-parallel (NE–SW) in outer shelf. Rotations result of ‘deltaic’ and ‘basement-associated’


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tectonic regimes that ‘prograde’ basinwards. Proximity of active margin resulted in uplift and inversion of hinterland that forced delta system to prograde rapidly. Zone of active deltaic growth faulting ‘prograded’ as delta rapidly prograded across shelf. After uplift and delta progradation, old growth faults of inner shelf ceased being active and successively reactivated by similarly ‘prograding’ margin-normal inversion front) Tingay, M.R.P., R.R. Hillis, C.K. Morley, R.E. Swarbrick & E.C. Okpere (2003)- Pore pressure/ stress coupling in Brunei Darussalam; implications for shale injection. In: P. van Rensbergen et al. (eds.) Subsurface sediment mobilization, Geological Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 216, p. 369-379. (Shale dykes, diapirs and mud volcanoes common in Brunei. Outcrop examples show shale intruded along faults and tensile fractures. Changes in pore pressure are coupled with changes in total minimum horizontal stress, so rocks can sustain greater pore pressure prior to failure than predicted) Tingay, M.R.P., R.R. Hillis, C.K. Morley, R.E. Swarbrick & E.C. Okpere (2003)- Variation in vertical stress in the Baram Basin, Brunei: tectonic and geomechanical implications. Marine Petrol. Geol. 20, p. 1201-1212. (Vertical stress determined in 24 fields in Baram Basin, using density log and checkshot velocity data. Basin shows variation in vertical stress gradient between 18.3 and 24.3 MPa/km at 1500 m depth below surface. Variation caused by bulk rock density change of 2.48-2.07 g/cm3 from hinterland to delta front. Differential uplift of hinterland and undercompaction caused density and hence vertical stress variation) Tingay, M.R.P., R.R. Hillis, R.E. Swarbrick & C.K. Morley (2005)- Origin and petrophysical log response of overpressures in the Baram Delta Province, Brunei. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 381-390. Tingay, M.R.P., R.R. Hillis, R.E. Swarbrick, C.K. Morley & A.R. Damit (2007)- ‘Vertically transferred’ overpressures in Brunei: evidence for a new mechanism for the formation of high-magnitude overpressure. Geology 35, 11, p. 1023-1026. (Pore pressure data from 61 fields across Baram Delta province reveal two types of overpressure: basal prodelta shales overpressures generated by disequilibrium compaction, overlying sand/shale deltaic sequence overpressures generated by fluid expansion. Fluid expansion overpressures in fields that were inverted during Pliocene, which resulted in large-scale fluid migration from prodelta shales into deltaic sequences) Tingay, M., R. Hillis, R. Swarbrick, C. Morley & A. Damit (2009)- Origin of overpressure and pore-pressure prediction in the Baram Delta province, Brunei. AAPG Bull. 93, p. 51-74. (Baram Delta overpressures in inner shelf deltaic sequences and prodelta shales, generated by disequilibrium compaction in prodelta shales and by fluid expansion in inner-shelf deltaic sequences. Overpressures in innershelf deltaics vertically transferred into reservoir units via faults from prodelta shales. Sediments overpressured by disequilibrium compaction different physical properties to those overpressured by vertical transfer) Tjia, H.D. (1970)- Transcurrent faulting in the Sarawak-Kiri region, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Geol. Mag. 107, 3, p. 217-224. (Left lateral, NNW trending transcurrent fault in Sarawak-kiri, W Sarawak. Belongs to important fracture zone that extends into Kalimantan, and continues in N direction along edge of Sunda Shelf beneath S China Sea. Continental part of SE Asia rotated counter-clockwise up to Lower Paleogene) Tjia, H.D. (1972)- Structural pattern of Bau Limestone Formation, Sarawak. Sains Malaysia (Malaysian J. Science) 1, B, p. 173-182. (Abrupt change in trend from SSW-NNE to NW-SE, compression directions reflected in topography, etc.) Tjia, H.D. (1974)- Sense of tectonic transport in intensely deformed Trusmadi and Crocker sediments, RanuaTenompok area, Sabah. Sains Malaysiana 3, 2, p. 129-161. Tjia, H.D. (1988)- Accretion tectonics in Sabah: Kinabalu Suture and East Sabah accreted terrane. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 22, p. 237-251. (Kinabalu suture zone 80 km wide belt with Triassic- M Miocene rocks across Sabah from Darvel Bay- TelupidMarudu Bay to Banggi and Balambangan islands. Three collisional rock assemblages: (1) Cretaceous-


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Paleocene chert-spilite Fms, (2) Paleocene- Oligocene turbiditic Trusmadi Fm and Crocker Fms and (3) Oligocene-M Miocene Garinono-Kalabakan olistostromes. W Sabah is continental piece from Asian continent, E Sabah oceanic basin. By end M Miocene Sabah terrane welded to mainland Borneo) Tjia, H.D. (1998)- The Dulit Triangle in Sarawak: a most striking example of detachment tectonics. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum geology Conference 1997, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 95-100. Tjia, H.D. (1999)- Northwest Sabah overthrust system. Proc. Ann. Geol. Conf. 2003, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 46, p. 5-10. Tjia, H.D. (2007)- Kundasang (Sabah) at the intersection of regional fault zones of Quaternary age. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 53, p. 59-66. Tjia, H. D. & M.I. Ismail (1994)- Tectonic implications of well-bore breakouts in Malaysian basins. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 36, p. 175-186. (Over 100 well-bore breakout directions in Malay, Sarawak, Sabah and Sandakan basins show consistent correlation with current and past tectonic stress fields) Tjia, H.D., M.I. Ismail & O.A. Mahmud (1998)- The Tubau Lineament (Sarawak) is a strike-slip fault zone. Warta Geologi 24; 3, p. 129-132. (N-S Tubau Lineament 25-km left-stepping change of Bukit Mersing Line, 25-km of linear Tubau river valley, and as long axis of Ulu Suai Dome which adds ~30 km to lineament. Tubau Lineament originated as pre-Upper Miocene time left-lateral strike slip fault zone with ~25 km displacement) Tjia, H.D., I. Komoo, P.S. Lim & Tungah Surat (1991)- The Maliau Basin, Sabah: geology and tectonic setting. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 261-292. (E Maliau Basin, Sabah, is landward extension of Tarakan Basin. Fieldwork found good quality coal seams in E-M Miocene Tanjung Fm. Majority of current indicators to NE. Miocene rocks uplifted to 1600m above SL) Tjia, H.D. I. Komoo, C.A. Ali & S. Tahir. (1992)- Geology of Taman Bukit Tawau, Semporna Peninsula, Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 31, p. 113-131. (Volcanic mountains in SE Sabah up to 1320m high are Quaternary dacitic, andesitic and basaltic volcanics) Tokuyama, A. & S Yoshida (1974)- Kinabalu fault, a large strike-slip fault in Sabah, East Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 14, Univ. Tokyo Press, p.171188. (Series of NW-SE trending left-lateral strike-slip fault zone with possible 300km of displacement across SabahKinabulu, supposedly linking up with Palu-Koru fault of Sulawesi) Tongkul, F. (1987)- Sedimentology and structure of the Crocker Formation in the Kota Kinabalu area, Sabah, East Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis University of London, 318 p. Tongkul, F. (1989)- Geological control on the birth of the Pulau Batu Hairan mud volcano, Kudat, Sabah. Warta Geologi 14, 4, p. 153-165. Tongkul, F. (1989)- Sedimentology and structure of the Crocker Formation in the Kota Kinabalu area, Sabah, East Malaysia. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. SE Asia (GEOSEA VI), Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 135-156. (Crocker Fm Eocene- E Miocene flysch outcrops, composed of lower shaly unit, upper sandy sequence, interpreted as large N-prograding submarine fan system. Deposition of coarse sediment peaked in Oligocene. Sediment source Borneo/Sunda Shelf to SW. Fan sediments imbricated into series of thrust slices, 200-600m thick. Termination of deformation followed by major uplift of Crocker complex in M-L Miocene, after collision of Dangerous Grounds microcontinent)


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Tongkul, F. (1990)- Structural styles and tectonics of Western and Northern Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 227-240. (Deformational episodes of W and N Sabah E Cretaceous-Pliocene igneous and sedimentary rocks: (1) Late Cretaceous- E Eocene basement (chert-spilite oceanic formation) deformation/ uplift; (2) M Miocene NW-SE and N-S directed thrusting of M Eocene- E Miocene Crocker- Kudat sediments (3) gentle deformation of U Miocene- Pliocene sediments) Tongkul, F. (1991)- Basin development and deposition of the Bongaya Formation in the Pitas area, northern Sabah. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 29, p. 183-193. Tongkul, F. (1991)- Tectonic evolution of Sabah, Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 395-406. (SE-ward subduction in front of rifted continental block of S China under emergent oceanic basement in E Sabah controlled development of NE-SW trending basin with M Eocene-E Miocene sediments. Opening of S China Sea Basin in M Oligocene-M Miocene caused further subduction and narrowing of basin. M Eocene-E Miocene sediments compressed into fold-thrust belt trending ~NE-SW in W Sabah and NW-SE in N and E Sabah. Subduction accompanied by volcanic activity in E Sabah in E-M Miocene. Deformed sedimentary pile and underlying oceanic basement then subjected to NW-SE extension related to E-M Miocene opening of Sulu Sea Basin. This resulted in development of extensive chaotic deposits in E and C Sabah and also controlled development of circular basins for deposition of thick, Early- Late Miocene sediments. Continued extension resulted in further SE-ward subduction in SE Sabah, producing the Late Miocene-Quaternary volcanics) Tongkul, F. (1993)- Tectonic control on the development of the Neogene basins in Sabah, East Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symp. Tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western Margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 95-103. (Two structural trends, NE-SW and NW-SE, controlled Miocene basin evolution in Sabah) Tongkul, F. (1994)- The geology of northern Sabah, Malaysia: its relationship to the opening of the South China Sea basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 95-103. (Same paper as below) Tongkul, F. (1994)- The geology of northern Sabah: its relationship to the opening of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics 235, p. 131-137. (N Sabah E Cretaceous-Pliocene sedimentary and igneous rocks. Three deformation episodes associated with NW-SE and N-S oriented compression: (1) Late Cretaceous- E Eocene uplifted oceanic basement, site for deposition of M Eocene- E Miocene Crocker and Kudat Fms, sourced from continental basement in SW; (2) Latest Oligocene and early M Miocene N-S directed imbricate thrusting, controlling E-W trending basins development filled with U Miocene S Banggi and Bongaya Fms; (3) Minor continuation of N-S compressional deformation. Deformation episodes related to S-ward movements of continental blocks separated from S margin of China during opening of S China Sea subbasins) Tongkul, F. (1995)- The Paleogene basins of Sabah, East Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. Southeast Asian Basins: oil and gas for the 21st century, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 301-308. (Paleogene basins of Sabah developed in two stages. Earlier deformation (latest Mesozoic?) produced wide NE-SW trending basin, with continental block to NW and emergent oceanic basement to SE. Shallow to deep water Early Paleogene sediments. Later (M Eocene?) deformation divided basin into two parallel basins, also NE-SW. Basins independently filled by shallow to deep water late Paleogene sediments derived axially from SW and laterally from NW and SE. Basins finally closed in E Miocene, with Paleogene fold-thrust belt of Sabah) Tongkul, F. (1997)- An ancient oceanic crust in Tandek, Sabah - a unique geological heritage. Sabah Society J. 14, p. 1-10. Tongkul, F. (1997)- Sedimentation and tectonics of Paleogene sediments in central Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 40, p. 135-155.


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Tongkul, F. (1997)- Polyphase deformation in the Telupid Area, Sabah, Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 175-184. (Telupid area in C Sabah Mesozoic ophiolitic basement, overlain by Cretaceous- Oligocene sediments. At least three deformation phases: (1) M Eocene folding- thrusting of basement and older Paleogene sediments trending N70E, (2) early Lower Miocene imbrication of basement rock and overlying sediments to NE; (3) early M Miocene thrusting of deformed basement rock and overlying sediments to NW) Tongkul, F. (1999)- Regional geological correlation of Paleogene sedimentary rocks between Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA '98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 3139. Tongkul, F. (2004)- The structural style of Lower Miocene sedimentary rocks, Kudat Peninsula, Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 49, p. 119-124. (Kudat Peninsula mostly Lower Miocene sediments, deformated into large-scale folds on three major WNWESE trending imbricate thrust slices. Deformation probably caused by progressive N-S transpression related to M Miocene collision of Dangerous Ground/ Reed Bank with NW Sabah along NW Borneo Trough) Tongkul, F. (2006)- The structural style of Lower Miocene sedimentary rocks, Kudat Peninsula, Sabah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 49, p. 119-124. Tongkul, F. & F.K. Chang (2003)- Structural geology of the Tertiary Maliau Basin, Sabah. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conference and Exhibition 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 51-61. (Maliau Basin saucer shaped basin in C and S Sabah. 7500m thick clastics section, mainly M Miocene age and deltaic- coastal facies) Ujie, H. (1970)- Miocene foraminiferal faunas from the Sandakan Formation, North Borneo. In: Geol. Palaeont Southeast Asia 8, p. 165-185. (Sandakan Fm on Sandakan Peninsula, NE Sabah, >4500m thick clastic series, mostly barren, 3 samples with middle Miocene planktonic forams) Ujie, H. (1977)- New species and subspecies of benthonic foraminifera from the Miocene Sandakan Formation, North Borneo. Geol. Palaeont Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 18, p. 87-102. (Descriptions of marine benthic forams; no (bio-)stratigraphy) Vachard, D. (1990)- A new biozonation of the limestones from Terbat area, Sarawak, Malaysia. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) Ten years of CCOP research on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia, CCOP Techn. Bull. 20, p. 183-208. (Terbat Last of W Sarawak- NW Kalimantan border area with 7 foraminifera assemblages, including diverse fusulinids, of M Carboniferous - earliest Permian (Moscovian- Asselian) age) Vahrenkamp, V.C. (1998)- Miocene carbonates of the Luconian Province, Offshore Sarawak: implications for regional geology and reservoir properties from Strontium-isotope stratigraphy. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Geol. Soc. Malaysia Petrol. Geol. Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1997, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 42, p. 1-13. (Luconia province E-M Miocene carbonate platforms growth and demise correlated with 2nd-order eustatic sea-level cycle. Major karst horizons, flooding, aggradation and progradation packages linked via stepchanges in isotope signature to 3rd order eustatic sea-level fluctuations. Simultaneous with 2nd order sea-level drop (late M Miocene) influx of siliciclastics split province into S part with low relief carbonate banks and N part with high relief platforms. All growth terminated at end M Miocene. Low relief banks buried, high relief platforms karstified prior to drowning (Late Miocene-Pliocene). Porosity-permeability distribution linked to duration of exposure and burial diagenesis) Vahrenkamp, V.C., F. David, P. Duijndam, M. Newall & P. Crevello (2004)- Growth architecture, faulting, and karstification of a Middle Miocene carbonate platform, Luconia Province, Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia. In: G.P. Eberli et al. (eds.) Seismic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems, AAPG Mem. 81, p. 329-350.


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(Mega Platform is 30x50-km large and 1.2-km-thick carbonate platform, originating in late Early- early M Miocene on structural high. First aggraded, then backstepped in M Miocene. Several transgressive, aggradational, and progradational cycles overprinted by karst events. Demise of platform either drowning from combined subsidence- eustatic sea level rise, or much-later drowning, preceded by period of exposure resulting from second-order sea level fall and decrease in subsidence caused by onset of Late Miocene tectonism in Borneo. Hiatus of ~5 m.y. before platform was buried by deep-marine siliciclastics prograding from large NW Borneo deltas. Growth architecture, faulting and karstification key to exploiting hydrocarbon reservoirs) Vahrenkamp, V.C., Y. Kamari & S.A. Rahman (1998)- Three dimensional reservoir geological model and multiple scenario volumetrics of the F23 Miocene carbonate build-up, Luconia Province, offshore Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 15-26. Van Borren, L.K., A. Koopman & A.J. Schreurs (1996)- Stratigraphy. In: S.T.Sandal (ed.) The geology and hydrocarbon resources of Negara Brunei Darussalam (2nd ed.), Spec. Publ. Muzium Brunei and Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Berhad, Syabas, Bandar Seri Begawan, p. 81-128. Van der Zee, W. & J.L. Urai (2005)- Processes of normal fault evolution in a siliciclastic sequence: a case study from Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. J. Struct. Geol. 27, 12, p. 2281-2300. (Outcrop observations of normal faults formed at shallow depth in deltaic sand-clay sequence near Miri used to study early stages of fault development) Van Ditzhuijzen, P.J.D. & J.A. de Waal (1984)- Reservoir compaction and surface subsidence in the Central Luconia gas bearing carbonates, offshore Sarawak. Proc. 5th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1984, SEAPEX, p. 27-40. (Pores in carbonates with common moldic porosity may collapse as reservoirs are depleted, and cause subsidence) Van Hattum, M.W.A. (2005)- Provenance of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in Northern Borneo. Ph.D. Thesis Royal Holloway College, University of London, 467 p. (Unpublished) Van Hattum, M., R. Hall & G.J. Nichols (2003)- Provenance of northern Borneo sediments. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 305-319. (Upper Cretaceous- Eocene sediments mature quartzose, possibly derived from mainland SE Asia/Indochina. In Eocene shift to relatively immature recycled orogenic sands. Eo- Oligocene Crocker Fm mainly derived from granites; ultimate source probably S Borneo Schwaner Mountains) Van Hattum, M.W.A., R. Hall, A.L. Pickard & G.J. Nichols (2006)- Southeast Asian sediments not from Asia: provenance and geochronology of North Borneo sandstones. Geology 34, 7, p. 589-592. (Eocene- Lower Miocene Crocker turbidite sst of N Borneo derived from Borneo and SE Asia, not from Asian sources after India-Eurasia collision. Compositionally mature due to tropical weathering, but mostly first-cycle sandstones from granitic and subordinate metamorphic, sedimentary and ophiolitic rocks. Detrital zircons Archean- Eocene ages, mostly Mesozoic. Main source Cretaceous granites of Schwaner Mts in SW Borneo in Eocene, Permo-Triassic granites and Proterozoic basement of Malay-Thai Tin Belt in Oligocene) Van Rensbergen, P. & C.K. Morley (2000)- 3D seismic study of a shale expulsion syncline at the base of the Champion delta, offshore Brunei and its implication for the early structural evolution of large delta systems. Marine Petrol. Geol. 17, p. 861-872. (Example of Late Miocene expulsion rollover syncline related to mobile shale, described from 3D seismic) Van Rensbergen, P., C.K. Morley, D.W. Ang, T.Q. Hoan & N.T. Lam (1999)- Structural evolution of shale diapirs from reactive rise to mud volcanism: 3D seismic data from the Baram Delta, offshore Brunei Darussalam. J. Geol. Soc. London 156, p. 633-650. (Two areas of shale diapyrism in Baram Delta)


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Van Rensbergen, P. & C.K. Morley (2003)- Re-evaluation of mobile shale occurrences on seismic sections of the Champion and Baram Deltas, offshore Brunei. In: P. Van Rensbergen et al. (eds.) Subsurface sediment mobilization, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 216, p. 395-409. (3D seismic data in Baram and Champion delta provinces show chaotic areas, conventionally interpreted as shale diapers, have dimmed but coherent reflectivity. Dimming attributed to sediment intrusive complexes, overpressured fluids, gas clouds or processing artefacts. M Miocene-Recent Champion and Baram deltaic provinces characterized by gravity tectonics-related structures, also affected by episodic contraction, with inversion of some growth faults. Emplacement of shale pipes, gas clouds and intrusive complexes generally later (Pliocene) than underlying reactive diapirs (Late Miocene)) Van Vliet, A. & M.M. Schwander (1989)- Stratigraphic interpretation of a regional seismic section across the Lauban Syncline and its flank structures, Sabah, North Borneo. In: A.W. Bally (ed.) Atlas of seismic stratigraphy, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Studies in Geology 27, p. 163-167. Vogt, E.T. & M.F.J. Flower (1989)- Genesis of the Kinabalu (Sabah) granitoids at a subduction-collisional junction. Contr. Min. Petrol. 103, p. 493-509. (Kinabalu batholith is Late Neogene granitoid in NW Sabah, where subducted S China Sea lithosphere interacted with roots of N Sabah collision suture. Exposed batholith small core of biotite-quartz monzodiorite grading to hornblende-quartz monzonite. Unusual zonation from inner low-K to outer high-K compositions) Wakita, K. (1981)- The alteration and mineralization of serpentinite of the Mamut porphyry copper deposit. Mining Geol. 31, 5, p. 351-365. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/..) (Mamut porphyry copper deposit associated with Upper Miocene adamellite porphyry intrusion. Localized in intrusion and in serpentinite and clastic sediments wall rocks. Four types of serpentinite alteration) Walker, T. (1993)- Sandakan Basin prospects rise following modern reappraisal. Oil Gas J. 10 May, p. 43-47. Wanner, J. (1922)- Beitrage zur Geologie und Geographie von Nordost-Borneo. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Pal., Beil. Band 45, 1921, p. 149-213. (‘Contributions to the geology and geography of NE Borneo’. Summary of results of field survey in N Borneo in areas of Darvel Bay, Siagau River and Sandakan Bay by K. Stamm for NKPM) Wannier, M. (2009)- Carbonate platforms in wedge-top basins: an example from the Gunung Mulu National Park, Northern Sarawak (Malaysia). Marine Petrol. Geology 26, 2, p. 177-207. (Melinau carbonate platform of NE Sarawak initiated in M Eocene on rotating slice of Rajang accretionary prism. Differential loading enhanced rotation of mobile substratum and created asymmetrical wedge-top basin. Extensional S margin of basin 2100–2200m thick Eocene-Oligocene carbonates. Backstepping and dismemberment of carbonate system started in latest Oligocene and deep-marine sedimentation became prevalent in E Miocene) Wannier, M., P. Lesslar, C. Lee, H. Raven R. Sorkhabi & A. Ibrahim (2011)- Geological excursions around Miri, Sarawak, 1910-2010, Celebrating the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the Miri oil field. Belle's Bookshop, Miri, 280p. Watanabe, Y., H. Natori & G. Lingkai (1995)- Geochemical characteristics of the Tertiary argillaceous rocks from central-Northeast Sarawak, Malaysia. J. Sedim. Soc. Japan 41, p.3-15. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/..) (Geochemical analyses of Lower Neogene marine argillaceous rocks from outcrops in central NE Sarawak, Malaysia shows they were mostly derived from granitic provenance without any indication of mafic to ultramafic components. Higher horizons more enriched in exposed weathered materials from uplift of hinterland. Hydrocarbon source potential poor due to the post-depositional oxidation)


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Watters, D.G., R.C. Maskall, I.M. Warrilow & V. Liew (1999)- A sleeping giant awakened: further development of the Seria Field, Brunei Darussalam, after almost 70 years of production. Petrol. Geosc. 5, 2, p. 147-159. (Seria Field 1929 discovery produced 164 Mm3 oil by 1996, 34% of in-place volumes. 3D seismic used to identify undrilled closures and areas of unswept oil in field) Weber, H.S. & D.T.C. Lee (1990)- Mineral resources investigation in Sabah, East Malaysia, 1980-1984; selected results and conclusions. Geol. Jahrbuch, B 74, p. 3-29. (Results of German mineral resources survey in Sabah. Focused on lead-zinc-copper anomalies associated with Late Tertiary volcanic belt of Semporna Peninsula and copper-zinc anomalies associated with Late CretaceousE Tertiary ophiolites of C Sabah) Whittaker, J.E. & R.L. Hodgkinson (1979)- Foraminifera of the Togopi Formation, eastern Sabah, Malaysia. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Geol. Ser. 31, p. 1-120. Whittle, A.P. & G.A. Short (1978)- The petroleum geology of the Tembungo Field, East Malaysia offshore. Proc. SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1978, 11p. (Tembungo 1971 first oil and gas discovery offshore Sabah in anticlinal structure with Late Miocene turbidite reservoir sands. Reserves ~15 MBO) Wicker, J.J. & J.E.F Stearn (1999)- Baram Field- the 3D marine re-processing challenge. In: Proc. GEOSEA '98 Conf., Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 43, p. 439-450. Wilford, G.E. (1955)- The geology and mineral resources of the Kuching-Lundu area, West Sarawak, including the Bau mining district. Geol. Survey Dept. British Territories in Borneo, Mem. 3, 254 p. (Kuching-Lundu area is westernmost part of Sarawak. N Borneo composed of sedimentary rocks from probably Devonian to Quaternary age and variety of volcanic and intrusive igneous rocks. Structurally part of Sunda shelf, an extension of continental Asia. Gold, antimony, and mercury ores genetically associated with Tertiary acid intrusions. With 1:125,000 geologic map of study area and 1:50,000 map of Bau gold mining district) Wilford, G.E. (1961)- The geology and mineral resources of Brunei and adjacent parts of Sarawak with descriptions of Seria and Miri oilfields. British Borneo Geol. Survey Dept., Mem. 10, 319 p. (Area part of centre of NW Borneo geosyncline, with great thicknesses of Paleocene- Recent sediments (possibly >100,000’)) Wilford, G.E. (1964)- The geology of Sarawak and Sabah caves. Bull. Geol. Surv. Borneo Region Malaysia 6, 181p. Wilford, G.E. (1968)- Notes on the geomorphology of Sabah. In: P. Collenette & J. Goh (eds.) Geological Papers 1967, Geological Survey of Borneo Region, Malaysia, Bull. 9, p. 1-22. Wilford, G.E. & C.H. Kho (1965)- The geology and mineral resources of the Penrissen area, West Sarawak, Malaysia. Malaysia Geol. Survey Borneo Region, Rept. 2, 195 p. (incl. identifications of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous algae in Bau limestone) Williams, A.G., J.J. Lambiase, S. Back & M.K. Jamiran (2003)- Sedimentology of the Jalan Selaiman and Bukit Melinsung outcrops, western Sabah: is the West Crocker Formation an analogue for Neogene turbidites offshore? In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conf. Exhib. 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 63-75. (Outcrop study of~500m of Oligocene- E Miocene West Crocker Fm turbidites, W Sabah. Texturally immature sands. Paleocurrent directions consistently to N, oblique to the NE-SW marginal basin, possibly derived from uplifted Rajang accretionary prism) Wilson, R.A.M (1961)- The geology and mineral resources of the Banggi island and Sugut River area, North Borneo. British Terr. Borneo Geol. Survey Dept., Mem. 15, 143 p.


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(NE Borneo Banggi island, mainland Sugut river area and islands off N coast. Thick Tertiary geosynclinal sequence on mainland. On islands Upper Cretaceous or Lower Eocene pillow lavas, basaltic intrusions and chert beds, brecciated and intruded by serpentinite sheets and younger ultrabasic plutonics) Wilson, R.A.M (1964)- The geology and mineral resources of the Labuan and Padas Valley area, Sabah, Malaysia. Geol. Surv. Borneo Region, Malaysia, Mem. 17, 150p. Wolfenden, E.B. (1960)- The geology and mineral resources of the lower Rajang Valley and adjoining areas, Sarawak. Geol. Survey Dept. British Territories in Borneo, Mem. 11, 167 p. (Area with mainly Upper Cretaceous- Recent sediments and rare Tertiary intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. Thick Upper Cretaceous- Upper Eocene deep water series of mildly dynamically metamorphosed argillaceous rocks, sandstone, and conglomerate, intensely folded in Late Eocene. In NE thick Upper Eocene- Pliocene sandstones and shales with thin Late Eocene limestones and volcanics. Upper Eocene- Pliocene rocks folded) Wolfenden, E.B. (1961)- Bauxite in Sarawak. Economic Geol. 56, 5, p. 972-981. (Tropical weathering of basic and intermediate igneous rocks caused bauxite deposits of W Sarawak. Highestgrade material (Munggu Belian) formed from pyroxene andesite; other parent materials gabbro, diorite, plagioclase amphibolite and altered andesites and basalts. Bauxite consists mainly of gibbsite) Wolfenden, E.B. (1965)- Bau mining district, West Sarawak, Malaysia, Part 1: Bau. Geol. Survey Borneo Region, Malaysia, Bull. 7, 1, p. 1-147. (Geologic map of part of W Sarawak, SW of Kuching. Includes description of >1800' thick, massive Upper Jurassic Bau Limestone. Locally with sandstone- pebbly sandstones with abundant igneous rock fragments at base, unconformable on U Triassic basaltic Serian volcanics. Conformably overlain by >10,000' of marine Cretaceous Pedawan Fm, now mostly eroded in Bau region. Upper Cretaceous folding phase, strongest NW of bau, rel. minor to SE, followed by deposition of Plateau Sandstone. Also probably M Miocene folding phase. Acidic igneous intrusions of probably M Miocene age. Long history of gold-siver mining) Wolfenden, E.B. & N.S. Haile (1963)- Sematan and Lundu Area, West Sarawak. Explanation of sheets 1-109-3, 1-109-4, 1-109-7, 1-109-8 and 2-109-15. Geol. Survey Dept., British Terr. Borneo, Kuching, Report 1, p. 1-159. (Geologic maps at 1:50,000 scale of W-most part of Sarawak, W of Kuching, bordering W Kalimantan. Oldest rocks thick, intensely folded and locally metamorphosed Jurassic- Cretaceous Serabang Fm flysch, radiolarian chert and ultrabasics (mainly gabbro-dolerite). Interpreted as 'geosynclinal' series (Hutchison 2005 suggests this is Lower Cretaceous melange, similar to Lubuk Antu/ 'Lupar Line' further East; it is accretionary prism formed during Early Cretaceous subduction of Proto China Sea from N). Unconformably overlain by gentlydipping Paleogene? Plateau Sandstone) Wong, R.H.F. (1993)- Sequence stratigraphy of the Middle Miocene-Pliocene Southern offshore Sandakan Basin, East Sabah. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on the Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 33, p. 129-142. (Offshore Sandakan Basin sequence stratigraphic study based on seismic and 8 wells. Three main units: 1. M Miocene- early U Miocene (moderate progradation; five 3rd order sequences); 2. middle U Miocene (high progradation, low aggradation; three 3rd order sequences); 3. late U Miocene- Pliocene (high aggradation, low progradation; five 3rd order sequences. Shelf edges mainly N-S trending and prograding East) Wong, R. (1996)- Seismic sequence stratigraphic interpretation enhances remaining hydrocarbon potential of the SE Collins Field. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conf. 1995, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 39, p. 223240. (SE Collins field 1972 marginal oil field discovery in complexly faulted central portion of the Inboard Belt of NW Sabah Basin. Elongated, N-S anticlinal structure with reverse faults on N, W and S. Main reservoirs M Miocenesands. New sequence stratigraphic study lead to doubling of reserves estimate) Wong, R.H.F. (1997)- Sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Miocene Stage IVC in the Labuan-Paisley Syncline, NW Sabah Basin. Geol. Soc Malaysia Bull. 41, p. 53-60.


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Yabe, H. (1918)- Notes on a Carpenteria Limestone from B.N. Borneo. Science Repts. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Sendai, Japan, Ser. 2 (Geol.), 5, p. 15-30. (Three limestone samples from Kinatabang River, British Borneo, with Cycloclypeus annulatus and common Carpenteria. Interpreted to be Oligocene, but could be M Miocene; HvG) Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1925)- A Lepidocyclina limestone from Klias Peninsula, B.N. Borneo. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 617-632. (Early Miocene limestone with Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, Spiroclypeus from Klias Peninsula) Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1926)- A foraminiferous limestone, with a questionable fauna, from Klias Peninsula, British North Borneo. Science Repts. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Sendai, Japan, Ser. 2 (Geol.), 9, 1, p. 1-7. (online at http://ir.library.tohoku.ac.jp/re/bitstream/10097/30195/1/KJ00004178169.pdf) (Discusssion of Rutten (1925) and description of another example of limestone with mixed Eocene (Pellatispira, Discocyclina, Nummulites) and Late Oligocene-E Miocene larger forams (Spiroclypeus, Lepidocyclina )) Yanagida, J. & J. Lau (1978)- The Upper Jurassic and Middle Cretaceous Terebratulidae from the Bau Limestone formation in West Sarawak, Malaysia. Geol. Palaeont. SE Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 19, p. 35-47. Yin, E.H. (1992)- Regional geology- Sarawak. Malaysia Geol. Survey Ann. Rept. 1991, p. 58-74. Yin, E.H. (1992)- Regional geology- Sabah. Malaysia Geol. Survey Ann. Rept. 1991, p. 74-82. Zampetti, V. (2004)- Interdependence of seismic imaging and sedimentology (Miocene carbonate platforms, South China Sea). Doct. Thesis Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 134 p. Zampetti, V. (2010)- Controlling factors of a Miocene carbonate platform: implications for platform architecture and off-platform reservoirs (Luconia Province, Malaysia). In: W.A. Morgan, A.D. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 129-145. (Growth of Luconia Province carbonate platform began in Late Oligocene- Early Miocene by coalescence of isolated patch reefs, and includes phases of progradation, backstepping and occasional collapse of platform flanks, terminated by gradual drowning. Platform margins asymmetry related to ocean currents rather than wind. Platform affected by strike-slip deformation during sedimentation. Platform material also deposited as slide masses in adjacent basin floor, passing into debris-flow and turbidites and can extend many km’s across basin floor. Much secondary porosity dissolution during deep burial) Zampetti, V, W. Schlager, J.H. Van Konijnenburg & A.J. Everts (2003)- Depositional history and origin of porosity in a Miocene carbonate platform of Central Luconia, offshore Sarawak. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conf. Exhib. 2002, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 47, p. 139-152. (Seismic and core study of unidentified M-Late Miocene carbonate platform in Luconia province. Buildup growth primarily vertical aggradtion, with flat top, with backstepping of margin. Two phases of progradation, youngest steep and with segments of slope collapsing in large landslides. Porosity very heterogeneous, mostly secondary and related to dissolution under deep burial conditions) Zampetti, V, W. Schlager, J.H. Van Konijnenburg & A.J. Everts (2004)- Architecture and growth history of a Miocene carbonate platform from 3D seismic reflection data; Luconia province, offshore Sarawak, Malaysia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, 5, p. 517-534. (Luconia carbonate platform growth started in Late Oligocene-E Miocene by coalescence of isolated patch reefs. Growth history includes phases of progradation, backstepping and collapse of platform flanks. Most pronounced seismic reflections correspond to flooding events. Subaerial exposure demonstrated in only one case. Platform growth terminated by gradual drowning)


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Zampetti, V, W. Schlager, J.H. Van Konijnenburg & A.J. Everts (2004)- 3-D Seismic characterization of submarine landslides on a Miocene carbonate platform (Luconia Province, Malaysia). J. Sedim. Res. 74, 6, p. 817-830. (Submarine landslides on flanks of Miocene carbonate platform. Chaotic deposits basinward of slide scar widen in transport direction and end in indistinct lobes. Slide masses extend for 1.5 km into basin, with130 m maximum thickness. Slide deposit on W flank two events, separated by smooth reflection interpreted as hemipelagic mud between carbonate-rich slide masses. Syndepositional faulting affects geometry of platform margins, particularly at time of slope failure) Zielinski, G.W., M. Bjoroy, R.L.B. Zielinski & I.L. Ferriday (2007)- Heat flow and surface hydrocarbons on the Brunei continental margin. AAPG Bull. 91, 7, p. 1053-1080. (Brunei margin thermogenic hydrocarbons in landward half of study area (mean heat flow 83.7 ± 66.5 mW/m2). Seaward, mean heat flow is 59.0 ± 22.6 mW/m2, and surface thermogenic hydrocarbons largely absent. Low-heat-flow zone coincides with Palawan Trough paleosubduction zone. High-heat-flow zone of seepage coincides with land-derived Baram delta sediments, constituting a pseudo-accretionary prism) Zin, I.C.M. (1992)- Regional seismostratigraphic study of the Tembungo area, offshore West Sabah. Bull. Geol Soc. Malaysia 32, p. 109-134. Zin, I.C.M. (1994)- Dent Group and its equivalent in the offshore Kinabatangan area, East Sabah. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum Geology Conf. VIII, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 36, p. 127-143. (Deposition of Dent group (Sabahat, Ganduman and Togopi Fms) similar from W to E offshore and onshore. Onshore Dent Peninsula Togopi Fm mainly marls, Ganduman Fm delta plain deposits grading to shallow marine deltaic and marine eastward, argillaceous Sabahat Fm marine deposit) Zin, I.C.M. (1998)- Subsidence nature of a strike-slip related basin; an example learned from the Sarawak Basin. G.H. Teh (ed.) Petroleum geology conference 1997, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 42, p. 63-83. Zin, I.C.M. (2000)- Stratigraphic position of the Rangsi Conglomerate in Sarawak. In: G.H. Teh et al. (ed.) Geol. Soc. Malaysia Ann. Geol. Conf. 14, p. 131-136. (Rangsi conglomerate, outcropping in Sarawak Tatau Horst area, younger than Tatau Fm, possibly equivalent to Late Miocene Balingian Fm. Tatau ‘Horst’ not horst, but positive flower structure, formed as result of Miocene transpressional strike-slip episode) Zin, I.C.M. & J. Sipan (1994)- Application of sequence stratigraphic tecniques on the non-marine sequences: An example from the Balingian Province, Sarawak. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 36, p. 105-117.


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IV.3. Makassar Straits Aini, S.N., R. Hall & C.F. Elders (2005)- Basement architecture and sedimentary fill of the North Makassar Basin. Proc 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 483-497. (N Makassar Basin probably underlain by extended continental crust rather than oceanic crust. Age of rifting M-L Eocene. Mainly thin, deepwater sediment. Becomes foreland basin in Early Pliocene with W-ward propagation of W Sulawesi fold-thrust belt, resulting in increase in sediment supply from E) Bacheller, J., S.P. Buck, A.B. Cahyono, S.R. Polis, C. E. Helsing, Zulfitriadi, E.M.De Man, P.M. Hillock, A.S. Ruf & J.K.Toxey (2011)- Early deepwater drilling results from a new exploration play, Offshore West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Inon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-243, p. 1-15. (Four wildcat wells in N and S Makassar Straits proved some hydrocarbon system elements for OligoceneEocene carbonate play. Some non-commercial gas in Oligocene carbonate in Sultan 1 well, S Makassar) Baillie, P., P. Gilleran, W. Clark, S.J. Moss, A. Stein, E. Hermantoro & S. Oemar (1999)- New insights into the geological development of the deepwater Mahakam delta and Makassar Straits. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 397-402. (New non-exclusive 2D seismic survey revealed new insights into geological evolution and prospectivity of N Makassar Straits. Neogene deepwater basin floorfans and channel complexes identified in Neogene) Baillie, P., P.A. Teas, J. Decker, D. Orange & Widjanarko (2008)- Contrasting deepwater sediment feeder systems, Sulawesi, Indonesia. AAPG Abstract. (Present-day deepwater depositional channel systems which drain W Sulawesi, imaged on multibeam bathymetry: (1) high-sinuosity system draining NW into Makassar Strait from Palu Bay, and (2) low-sinuosity system draining S into Bone Bay and E Java Sea) Berenson, E., A. Cebastiant, D. Glenn, F. Hariyannugraha, K. Kirschner, R. May, R. Schneinder et al. (2005)Geocellular modelling and uncertainty qualification of reservoir properties: a deepwater laminated-sand reservoir, Gendalo Field, Kutei Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 499-504. (Makassar Strait Gendalo field ~60 km SE of Mahakam Delta in 2,500’-5,200’ of water. Miocene basin floor fan sands primary pay. Broad, anticline, formed as result of Late Pliocene compression. Reservoir thin-bedded sand (most sands <3 cm) and shale sequences. Depositional environment ranges from channelized sequences to unconfined fan lobes) Burollet, P.F. & C. Salle (1981)- Seismic reflection profiles in Makassar Strait. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 273-276. (Old 1974 IFP/ Total/ Elf seismic survey) Cloke, I.R. & D.J. Blundell (1996)- Geological implications of gravity modelling across the Kutai Basin and Makassar Straits. University of London, Southeast Asia Research Group. Report 156 p. Cloke, I.R., J. Milsom & D.J.B. Blundell (1999)- Implications of gravity data from East Kalimantan and the Makassar Straits: a solution to the origin of the Makassar Straits? J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, 1-2, p. 61-78. (Gravity modeling and flexural backstripping suggest North Makassar basin underlain by Middle Eocene oceanic crust) Courel, R., G. Hollomon, Kim M., D. Richert, C. Tiranda & P. Tognini (2011)- A re-evaluation of the South Makassar Basin using an integrated multi-discipline approach. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 21, 11p. (text) + 32p. (figures) (S Makassar basin off S Sulawesi in water depths averaging 2000m. Basin along SE margin of Sundaland province and thought to be composed of extended continental crust. Initiated during early Middle-Late Eocene back-arc rifting, creating tilted basement blocks topography, followed by Late Eocene- Oligo-Miocene carbonate deposition. New data led to revision of age of rifting and of Neogene megasequences. Heat flow from


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BSR overall higher in S Makassar Basin than in N Makassar. Bouguer gravity differences between N and S Makassar basins may suggest presence of oceanic basement in N Makassar.) Decker, J., P.A. Teas, J.A. Curiale, E.A.E. Johnson & D.L. Orange (2004)- Multibeam exploration in the Makassar Strait. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., DFE.04-0R-043, p. 11-30. (Unocal multibeam bathymetry surveys over 3 PSC blocks in Makassar Straits. Papalang and Popodi blocks off E Kalimantan numerous anomalous seafloor bathymetry features, many characterized by gas seeps, and few oil seeps. Sangkarang PSC off SW Sulawesi no indications of thermogenic hydrocarbons in 109 samples from 33 cores; Lombosang 1 well confirmed lack of charge in one portion of that basin) Decker, J., P.A. Teas, R.D. Schneider, A.H. Saller & D.L. Orange (2004)- Modern deep sea sedimentation in the Makassar Strait: insights from high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and backscatter, sub-bottom profiles, and USBL-navigated cores. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 377-387. (Makassar Strait Papalang block multibeam bathymetry shows modern large basin floor fan (65 km long, area 2500 km2, only 2m maximum relief) in water depth >2000 m. Incised feeder channel flow from S to N. Upslope migrating deep sea sediment waves, 1-3 km long and 10-30m high, composed of interbedded fine sandmud) De Man, E., F. Ashby, J. Bacheller, A. Cahyono, Suriamin, J. Corthay et al. (2011)- Deep-water site investigation- Makassar Straits (Indonesia). Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-198, 14p. Dinkelman, M.G., J. Granath, D. Bird, J. Helwig, N. Kumar & P. Emmet (2009)- Predicting the Brittle-Ductile (B-D) transition in continental crust through deep, long offset, prestack depth migrated (PSDM), 2D seismic data. AAPG Int. Conf. Rio de Janeiro 2009, 6p. (Extended Abstract) (Online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2010/40511dinkelman/ndx_dinkelman.pdf) (Deep seismic imaging allows interpretation of features in crystalline basement. Example of stretched continental crust for South Makassar Basin, showing supracrustal faults sole out near top of seismic transparent zone, possibility brittle-ductile transition in lower continental crust) Dunham, J., R. Lin, A. Saller, J. Decker & T. Nicholson (2003)- Transportation and concentration of oil- and gas-prone kerogen into deep water sediments of the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Newsl., June 2003, p. 26-30. Dunham, J.B. & L.D. McKee (2001)- Hydrocarbon discoveries in Upper Miocene unconfined submarine fan facies, deep-water Kutei Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 2nd Reg. Seminar Indon. Sedim. Forum, p. 50. Effendi, L. (1993)- Selat Makasar merupakan wilayah kompleks antara perairan bagian barat dan timur. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 950-961. ('Makassar Straits constitutes a complex region between eastern and western areas') Eisma, D. (1990)- Dispersal of Mahakam River suspended sediment in Makassar Strait, Indonesia. In: V. Ittekkot et al. (eds.) Facets of modern biogeochemistry, Springer, Berlin, p. 127-146. Faugeres, J.C., J. Gayet & E. Gonthier (1989)- Microphysiographie des depots Quaternaires dans le detroit de Makassar (Ocean Indien); opposition entre une marge stable (Borneo, Kalimantan) et une marge active (Celebes, Sulawesi). Bull. Soc. Geol. France, Ser. 8, 5, 4, p. 807-818. (‘Micro-physiography of Makassar Straits Quaternary deposits, between stable Borneo and active Sulawesi margin’) Fowler, J.N., E. Guritno, P. Sherwood & M.J. Smith (2001)- Depositional architectures of Recent deep water deposits in the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 409-422. (Seismic facies and depositional models of Recent slope channel and basin floor fan system in NW Makassar Straits)


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Fowler, J.N., E. Guritno, P. Sherwood, M.J. Smith, S. Algar et al. (2004)- Depositional architectures of Recent deepwater deposits in the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. In: R.J. Davies et al. (eds.) 3D seismic technology: application to the exploration of sedimentary basins. Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 29, p. 25-33. (Seismic examples of slope channes and basin floor fans. Large depocentres occur where gradients are low and system switches from confined to unconfined. Erosionally confined channels feed basin floor fans at toe-ofslope, while channels confined by levees feed fans on 'distal' basin floor) Fraser, T.H. & L.A. Ichram (1999)- Significance of Celebes Sea spreading centre to the Paleogene petroleum systems of the SE Sunda Margin, Central Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 431-441. (Celebes Sea is Eocene spreading centre active until ~37 Ma, same time as Sarawak Orogeny. About 300 km of Paleogene Celebes oceanic crust now partly consumed by Minahasa Trench. Makassar Straits is continuation of Celebes Sea extension. Paleogene clastics much thicker in SW Sulawesi than in Barito Basin. Source of clastics in Sangkarang Graben proposed to be craton of west C Kalimantan. Development of S Makassar Straits ruptured proto-Barito fluvial system which previously flowed from Kalimantan into Flores Sea) Fraser, T.H., B.A. Jackson, P.M. Barber, P. Baillie & K. Myers (2003)- The West Sulawesi foldbelt and other new plays within the North Makassar Straits- a prospectivity review. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. G-171, p. 429-450. (Makassar Straits started in Eocene in response to extension propagating SW from Celebes Sea spreading centre. After initial opening of Straits, Eocene horst- graben terrains overlain by Oligocene-Miocene basinal sag sediments. Following Neogene uplift of Borneo and outbuilding of Mahakam Delta, considerable amounts of sediment redeposited as turbidite facies in N Makassar Basin. Plio-Pleistocene inversion of extensional areas as successive micro-continental fragments from Australian Plate collided with SE margin of Sundaland. This collision assembled Sulawesi into K-shape and formed W Sulawesi Fold Belt, which obscures E part of original Makassar Straits Eocene rift. Traps in foldbelt compressional folds over thin-skinned detachment in probably overpressured Late Eocene- E Miocene mudrocks. Neogene turbidite reservoirs postulated charged from Paleogene and Neogene source rocks) Fraser, T.H., B.A. Jackson, P.M. Barber, P. Baillie & K. Myers (2003)- The West Sulawesi Foldbelt- a new exploration play in the Makassar Straits, Indonesia. SEAPEX Press 6, p. 27-38. (Similar to paper above. Makassar Straits formed by Paleogene rifting- sea floor spreading. Onset of compression in Miocene, resulting in development of W Sulawesi foldbelt in Pliocene) Gallup, D.L., P.C. Smith, J.F. Star & S. Hamilton (2005)- West Seno deepwater development case historyproduction chemistry. SPE Int. Symp. on Oilfield Chemistry 2005, Soc. Petrol. Eng., SPE 92969, p. 1-13. Gartrell, A., C. Hudson & B. Evans (2005)- The influence of basement faults during extension and oblique inversion of the Makassar Straits rift system; insights from analog models. AAPG Bull. 89, 4, p. 495-506. (Analog models used to investigate influence of cross-trending basement faults on inverted rift systems like Makassar Straits) Gayet, J., P. Carbonel, J. Duprat, L. Labeyrie, J.C. Faugeres et al. (1990)- Impact de la transgression holocene sur la sedimentation dans le detroit de Makassar, Oceanologica Acta, Spec. Issue 10, p. 321-327. (‘Impact of the Holocene transgression on sedimentation in Makassar Straits’) Gunawan, B.K. & S. Damayanti (2010)- New insight: basin development mechanism and tectono-stratigraphy of Makassar Basin. Proc. HAGI-SEG Int. Geosciences Conf., Bali 2010, IGCE10-OP-138, 23p. (Makassar Straits basin result of trans-tensional pull-apart tectonics, with WNW- ESE regional strike-slip faults: Sangkulirang-Palu Koro, Adang-Lupar and S Makassar Strait faults. New tectono-stratigraphic basin fill nomenclature proposed like 'Syn-transtensional' and 'Foreland'. Horsts and grabens formed in multiple periods from M Eocene- Late Miocene, not only in M Eocene- E Oligocene: Syn-transtension 1 M Eocene- U Oligocene, Syn-transtension 2 E Miocene- upper Mid Miocene, Syn-transtension 3 Upper Miocene)


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Guntoro, A. (1999)- The formation of the Makassar Strait and the separation between SE Kalimantan and SW Sulawesi. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 79-98. (SE Kalimantan and W Sulawesi separated due to Eocene opening of Makassar Strait. Seismic refraction and gravity modeling support Eocene extension and Eocene-Oligocene oceanic crust in central parts of Makassar Straits. Makassar Strait formed by backarc spreading/ trench roll-back of Cretaceous accretionary crust, related to subduction east of W Sulawesi. Subduction polarity changed after Banggai-Sula collision in Miocene caused partial subduction of oceanic crust of E part Makassar Strait beneath W Sulawesi) Guritno, E., L. Salvadori, M. Syaiful, I. Busono, A. Mortimer, S. Hakim, J. Dunham, J. Decker & S. Algar (2003)- Deep-water Kutei Basin: a new petroleum province. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 519-540. (Deep-water Kutei Basin Merah Besar and West Seno discoveries in toe-thrust anticlines. Development of toethrust anticlines influenced deposition of reservoir, source, maturity, migration routes and traps. Mildly structured Upper Miocene in C Province is gas prone, N Province contains oil and gas) Hall, R., I.R. Cloke, S. Nur’aini, S.D. Puspita, S.J. Calvert & C.F. Elders (2009)- The Makassar Straits: what lies beneath? Petroleum Geosc. 15, 2, p. 147-158. (Makassar Straits formed by rifting, starting in M Eocene. age. Structures beneath Late Eocene unconformity may be carbonate build-ups on tilted fault blocks or volcanic edifices. Authors of this paper can not agree on whether basement beneath straits is oceanic or extended continental) Heri, T., R. Mathers & R.A. McCarty (2009)- West Seno; the first deepwater field in Indonesia a strategy to optimize reserves. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-E-192, 15 p. (West Seno gas-oil field off E Kalimantan in 2,400- 3,400’ of water. Reservoirs ~50 independent compartments in mainly Upper Miocene amalgamated deepwater channel-levee sands) ISIS Petroleum Consultants/ TGS-NOPEC (2003)- CM-01 MC2D Seismic survey- Hydrocarbon potential of the deep water Makassar Straits, Indonesia. Unpubl. Multi-client study. (More detailed version of Fraser et al. (2003) papers. N Makassar Basin on Cretaceous accretionary crust, followed by E-M Eocene (50-42) Ma rifting, 42 Ma breakup, Late Eocene/ 42-38 Ma sea floor spreading with volcanic centers along spreading axes/ transfer faults, Oligocene (38-20.5 Ma) sag phase) Isnawati, D. Sunarjanto, Julikah & S. Munadi (2006)- Optimistic view for hydrocarbon exploration in South Makassar Basin. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-PG-06, 4p. (Paleogene rifting between Kalimantan and Sulawesi created conditions for generation of hydrocarbons) Jackson, B.A. (2004)- Seismic evidence for gas hydrates in the North Makassar basin, Indonesia. Petrol. Geosc. 10, p. 227-238. (Gas hydrates suggested by bottom simulating reflectors (BSR), primarily in offshore extension of W Sulawesi Fold Belt. Turbidites in fold belt mini-basins provide reservoir and source of organic material for production of biogenic methane gas. Geothermal gradients from BSR database av 4.7°C/100 m) Jackson, B.A. (2004)- Gas hydrates in the North Makassar Basin, Indonesia. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia Symposium, IPA, Jakarta 2004, p. 373-375. (Gas hydrate in deep-water N Makassar Straits. Sediments in West Sulawesi Fold Belt sourced from Mahakam Delta until Late Pliocene, when tectonic event in Sulawesi reversed direction of sediment transport. Sulawesi fold-belt numerous thrust sheets, creating long anticlinal structures and intervening mini-basins. Most BSR anomalies concentrated on E side of study area in vicinity of WSFB ~300 ms below seafloor. No figures) Johansen, K., S. Maingarm & A. Pichard (2007)- Hydrocarbon potential of the South Makassar Basin, Indonesia. Presentation SEAPEX Conf., Singapore 2007, 43p. (slide presentation) (S Makassar Basin non-explored area in 1000-2000 m water. Sulawesi Fold Belt to E, Paternoster Platform to W and E Java Sea/Doang Platform to S. Separated from N Makassar Basin by Adang strike slip Fault Zone. S Makassar rift basins part of Eocene extensional phase from C Java to onshore S Sulawesi. Half graben syn-rift


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fill two seismic facies: lower main rift non marine clastics, upper sequence late syn-rift or early post rift marine clastics. Syn-rift fill >2 km thick and potential source rock. DHI’s and gas anomalies indicate active petroleum system. Structural plays mainly defined by Eocene rift phase. Main reservoir Oligocene carbonates and Eocene - E Oligocene clastics over basement highs. Platform carbonates and pinnacle type reefs may have better reservoirs. Oligocene-E Miocene turbidities possible secondary play. Post-rift thermal subsidence resulted in 3-4 km of mudstone- shales. Late Miocene-Pliocene compressional tectonics only resulted in minor deformation of S Makassar Basin, while this phase resulted in N-S trending folds and thrusts along Sulawesi Fold Belt) Kacewicz, M., J. Decker, R. Lin, C. Stuart, P. Taylor, & E. Johnson (2002)- A new regional heat flow and hydrocarbon migration model for the Kutei Basin and Central Makassar Straits. AAPG Ann. Mtg, Houston, Texas (Abstract). (New heat flow model based on crustal stretching in deepwater Kutei basin and C Makassar Straits. Heat flow varies from 32-44mW/m2 in shallow water to 45- 52 mW/m2 in deepwater at present. No significant difference between deepwater heat flow N and S of Mahakam delta and no basinward cooling) Kirschner, K. & S.F. Walden (2004)- A case study: gas in place sensitivities from geocellular modeling of the Gendalo Field, Ganal PSC. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., DFE04-PO-054, 5p. (Modeling of Gendalo Field deepwater gas field off Mahakam Delta. Water depths 3500’-5000’. Two deep water turbiditic sand intervals) Lin, R., A. Saller, J. Dunham, P. Teas, J. Curiale, M. Kacewicz & J. Decker (2005)- Source, generation, migration and critical controls on oil vs. gas in the deepwater Kutei petroleum systems. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 447-466. (Kutei Basin deep water geochemical analyses indicate that allochthonous land-plant organic matter is source of hydrocarbons. TOC 1%- over 50% with hydrogen indices between 100- 400. Overall kerogen assemblages type III and subordinate type II, consistent with gas condensate to gas volatile oil system. No marine algal remains evident. Gases mainly thermogenic; mixing of “biogenic” methane and CO2 in some shallow Pliocene reservoirs. Generation of oil and gas mostly at “oil window” maturities) Lumadyo, E. (1999)- Deep-water exploration in the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1998, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 205-209. (Summary of Unocal deep water Makassar Straits evaluation) Malacek, S.J. & P. Lunt (1996)- Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of Middle-Late Miocene lowstand sands in the Makassar Strait, offshore east Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: C.A. Caughey, D.C. Carter et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence stratigraphy in Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 369-379. (Lowstand deepwater sands reservoirs in M-L Miocene of Makassar Straits off Kalimantan. Depositional patterns and correlations on slope and basin floor modified by compressional folding and faulting, most evident in M Miocene and older sections. These areas were also deformed by growth faulting and shale diapirism in much of Late Miocene and younger section. With Teritis- Perintis wells correlation) Malecek, S.J., C.M. Reaves, W.S. Atmaja & K.O.Widiantara (1993)- Seismic stratigraphy of Miocene and Pliocene age outer shelf and slope sedimentation in the Makassar PSC, Offshore Kutei Basin. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 345-371. (Sequence stratigraphic framework for Miocene-Pliocene age outer shelf, slope and basin floor sediments in the Makassar PSC. No detailed stratigraphy) McKee, D. & J. Dunham (2004)- Does 2D seismic still have a role in frontier exploration? A perspective from the deepwater Kutei Basin. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Symp. Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 59-69. (Deepwater Makassar Straits 2D seismic identified 11 prospects, 10 drilled, 5 successful)


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Morley, R.J., J. Decker, H.P. Morley & S. Smith (2006)- Development of high resolution biostratigraphic framework for Kutei Basin. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosci. Conf. Exh., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., PG 27, 6 p. (28 sequences identified in M Miocene- Pleistocene of Makassar Straits) Morley, R.J. & H.P. Morley (2011)- Neogene climate history of the Makassar Straits, Indonesia. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 319-332. (Neogene climate history of Makassar Straits frompalynological studies of Late Quaternary cores from ocean floor and petroleum exploration wells penetrating Early Pleistocene- Middle Miocene section. Distinctly seasonal climate during the last glacial maximum. Equatorial climate has been everwet since M Miocene, but at subequatorial latitudes seasonal climates became established from Late Pliocene onward) Morley, R.J., H.P. Morley, A.A.H. Wonders, Sukarno & S. van der Kaars (2004)- Biostratigraphy of modern (Holocene and Late Pleistocene) sediment cores from Makassar Straits. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. IPA Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 2004, 11 p. (Palynology and foraminifera from two shallow Late Pleistocene- Holocene cores from Makassar Straits and offshore SW Sulawesi) Moss, S.J., W. Clark, P.W. Baillie, I. Cloke, A.E. Hermantoro & S. Oemar (2000)- Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the North Makassar Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000, p. A-63 (Extended abstract, 3p.) (New seismic in Makassar Straits indicates M Eocene extension and sufficient rifting to generate seafloor spreading in deeper parts of N Makassar Straits. Evidence for oceanic crust underlying parts of N Makassar Straits includes rugose nature of top basement and volcanic topography (seamounts). N Makassar Basin is M Eocene marginal oceanic basin formed with extension of W Philippines Sea- Celebes Sea spreading ridge into E Borneo/W Sulawesi margin. Interpretation in line with plate tectonic, gravity modeling and paleogeographic reconstructions. Four prominent seismic stratigraphic markers in N Makassar represent major phases of basin development from early extension to present-day contractional tectonics) Musgrove, F.W., R. Avianto & R. Schneider (1999)- Construction and destruction at a deepwater slope seabed: implications for reservoir models in the Makassar Strait, offshore East Kalimantan. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 415-429. (High frequency data of present-day deepwater sea bed useful for models of deepwater deposition) Nicolini E., D. Spinelli, F. Paone, A. Marceglia, A. Mashedi A, F. Paoni, R. Canever, F. Felappi & C. Monti (2012)- A wide detailed geophysical survey of offshore Makassar Strait. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-127, p. 1-14. (Shallow seabed seismic surveyand bathymetry around new Jangkrik field on upper slope in ~150-450m water depth, 605km offshore in Makassar Strait,SE of Mahakam delta, E Kalimantan,) Nur' Aini, S., R. Hall & C.F. Elders (2005)- Basement architecture and sedimentary fill of the North Makassar Straits basin. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 483-497. (2D seismic, gravity and well data over N Makassar Strait extensional basin shown-echelon faults bounding disconnected NNW-SSE trending half-graben and graben depocentres, most likely produced by oblique rifting. Principal extension direction E-W. Rifting M- Late Eocene. Crust beneath N MS interpreted to be continental. Three postrift megasequences: (1) Late Eocene- Oligocene, (2) E-M Miocene prograding delta after uplift of Kalimantan, (3) Late Miocene with turbidite interval in central part of basin. E Pliocene increase sediment supply from E as result of W-ward propagation of W Sulawesi fold- thrust belt) Nurusman, S. (1986)- Etude geothermique des bassins profonds du detroit de Makassar (Indonesie). Implications geodynamiques. Thesis Docteur Ingénieur, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, 175 p. (Geothermal study of Makassar Straits and geodynamic implications. Yuwono et al. 1988: Makassar Straits rifting caused thinning of continental crust without significant opening)


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Nurusman, S. (1990)- Heatflow measurements in the deep basins of the Makasasar Strait (Indonesia). In: B. Elishewitz (ed.) Proc. CCOP Heat Flow Workshop III, Bangkok 1988, CCOP Techn. Publ. 21, p. 27-38. (35 surface heatflow measurements along two profiles: NW-SE across N Makassar Basin, E-W across S Makassar Basin. Heatflow values rather uniform, around 63-64 mW/m2/sec, lower than average heatflows of adjacent Barito (75.3), Kutai (66) and Tarakan-Bunyu (70.2) basins, but still classified as 'normal') Panjaitan, S. (2003)- Kemungkinan adanya minyak dan gas alam dari data gayaberat bagian Timur cekungan Selat Makassar Utara daerah Pasangkayu, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 13, 137, p. ('Oil and gas possibilities from gravity data in the East part of the North Makassar Straits basin, Pasangkayu area, S Sulawesi') Pireno, G.E., C. Cook, D. Yuliong & S. Lestari (2009)- Berai Carbonate debris flow as reservoir in the Ruby Field, Sebuku Block, Makassar Straits: a new exploration play in Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-005, 19p. (Ruby Field, originally discovered in 1974 with Makassar Straits 1 well. Inversion structure? in NW-SE trending W Makassar Graben. Reservoir Upper Berai Fm Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene detrital carbonate, derived from Paternoster Platform in NE) Pireno, G.E. & D.N. Darussalam (2010)- Petroleum system overview of the Sebuku Block and the surrounding area: potential as a new oil and gas province in South Makassar Basin, Makassar Straits. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-169, 16p. (Overview of SW Makassar Straits petroleum system. Source rocks Eocene Lw Tanjung Fm lacustrine shale (Pangkat 1) and fluvio-deltaic coaly beds (Martaban 1). Potential reservoir rocks Lw Tanjung Fm sandstones, Berai Fm carbonates (reefal facies, Berlian-1; carbonate debris, Ruby Field) and U Warukin Fm carbonates) Posamentier, H.W., P.S.W. Meizarwin & T. Plawman (2000)- Deep-water depositional systems ultra-deep Makassar Strait, Indonesia. In: P. Weimer, R.M. Slatt et al. (eds.) Deep-water reservoirs of the world, Gulf Coast Sect. SEPM Found., Ann. Res. Conf. 20, p. 806-816. Prasetya, G.S, W.P. De Lange & T.R. Healy (2001)- The Makassar Strait tsunamigenic region, Indonesia. Natural Hazards 24, 3, p. 295-307. (Makassar Strait region highest frequency of historical tsunami events for Indonesia. Seismic activity due to convergence of four tectonic plates. Main tsunamigenic features are Palu-Koro and Pasternoster transform fault zones. Earthquakes from both fault zones appear to cause subsidence of W coast of Sulawesi) Redhead, R.B., E. Lumadyo, A. Saller, J.T. Noah, T.J. Brown, Yusak, Yusri et al. (2000)- West Seno field discovery, Makassar Straits, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: P. Weimer, R. Slatt et al. (eds.) Deep-water reservoirs of the world, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 20th Ann. Res. Conf., p. 862-876. Ruzuar, A.P., R. Schneider, A.H. Saller & J.T. Noah (2005)- Linked lowstand delta to basin-floor fan deposition, Offshore East Kalimantan: an analogue for deepwater reservoir systems. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 467-482. Saller, A.H., T. Brown, R.B. Redhead, H.F. Schwing & J. Inaray (2000)- Deepwater depositional facies and their reservoir characteristics, West Seno Field, offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1484-1485. (Abstract only) (Upper Miocene deepwater strata between 7500-8800’ in West Seno Field about 27% sand, f-vf-grained and poorly sorted, deposited in middle- upper slope channel-levee complexes. Massive sands best reservoirs (av. porosity 29.3%, perm 630 mD), deposited as channel-fills or splay deposits. "High resistivity", "terrigenous" shales with thin silt and sand laminae interpreted as lowstand overbank deposits. Massive to burrowed, "lowresistivity", "hemipelagic" shales widespread and interpreted as transgressive and highstand deposits. Very thin sheets of coaly fragments locally abundant immediately above and within sand beds)


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Saller, A., R. Lin & J. Dunham (2006)- Leaves in turbidite sands: the main source of oil and gas in the deepwater Kutei Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 90, 10, p. 1585-1608. (Hydrocarbons in Kutei basin derived from land-plant source material. Leaf fragments in turbidite sandstones look like main source of deep-water oil and gas) Saller, A. & J. Noah (2005)- Sequence stratigraphy of a linked shelf to basin floor system, Pleistocene, north Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. SEG 2005 Conv., Houston, 4p. (extended abstract) (Pleistocene lowstand delta-canyon- basin-floor fan system, 240 ka old. The 18 and 130 ka lowstand deltas did not reach slope) Saller, A.H., J.T. Noah, A.P. Ruzuar & R. Schneider (2004)- Linked lowstand delta to basin-floor fan deposition, offshore Indonesia: an analog for deep-water reservoir systems. AAPG Bull. 88, 1, p. 21-46. (3D seismic study of lowstand delta to basinfloor deposition in three Pleistocene depositional cycles) Saller, A., K. Werner, F. Sugiaman, A. Cebastiant, R. May, D. Glenn & C. Barker (2008)- Characteristics of Pleistocene deep-water fan lobes and their application to an upper Miocene reservoir model, offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 92, 7, p. 919-949. (Late Pleistocene basin-floor fan seismic study to provide analog for deep-water fields off E Kalimantan. Pleistocene basin-floor fan ~170 m thick, 22 km across, and contains 18 lobes. Average lobe size 3.8x 7.2 km and 34m thick. Lobes contain sheetlike splays, distributary channels and younger incised channels. Upper Miocene Gendalo 1020 reservoir is composed of turbidite sands draped over an anticline. Gross reservoir interval 50-150 m thick thin-bedded turbidite sands with net-to-gross of ~50%) Sardjono (2000)- Gravity field and structure of the crust beneath the Makassar Strait, Central Indonesia. AAPG Int.Conf. Exhib., Bali. (Abstract only) (Basement of Makassar Strait attenuated continental crustal rocks and probably also parts of upper mantle. Basins with up to 15,000m sediment and water depth of 2,000-3,000m. SEASAT data show trends and structure of crust, indicating stretching of continental crust in or before Miocene but tectonic polarity changed, probably in Late Miocene. Buckling-up of lower crustal rocks, suggests regional stretching ceased and regional compression prevailing until today) Sassen, R. & J.A. Curiale (2006)- Microbial methane and ethane from gas hydrate nodules of the Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 37, 8, p. 977- 980. (White gas hydrate nodules in piston cores from Borneo side of deep water Makassar Strait. Hydrocarbon 99.9% methane and traces of microbial ethane, relatively depleted in 13C. Detrital higher-plant material likely source of microbial methane-ethane, formed by in-situ reduction of CO2 by extremophile bacteria adapted to high pressure. Hydrate several 100m above base of gas hydrate stability zone. Nodular hydrate associated with seafloor authigenic carbonate and chemosynthetic clams characteristic of deep cold vent sites) Schwing, H.F. (1999)- Deep-water exploration in the Kutei basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: Palawan 99, p. Sebayang, D., E. Guritno & B. September (2004)- Seismofacies comparison of deepwater sequences: Pleistocene to Recent Examples from Offshore North Sumatra and Kutei Basins, Indonesia. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia and Australasia symposium, Jakarta 2004, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 349-360. (Basic paper on deep water channel-levee complexes) Teas, P.A., J. Decker, A. Nurhono & A. Isnain (2004)- Exploration significance of high resolution bathymetry in the Makassar Straits. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia and Australasia symposium, Jakarta 2004, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 389-397. (Bathymetric map of Makassar Strait illustrates compression across basin, dominant over past ~15Ma, with surface anticlines on both sides of strait. High resolution resolves slumping of over-steepened forelimb and redirection of depositional systems. Focused views show areas of active extensional faulting and folding, and


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submarine mud-volcanoes defining areas of active fluid venting. Tectonic lineaments expressed by changes in slope angle and degree of canyonization. Evidence for recent rapid uplift at N margin of Makassar Strait vs. aggrading canyon systems on W margin) Sherwood, P., S. Algar, G. Goffey, I. Busono, J.N. Fowler, J. Francois, M.J. Smith & A. Strong (2001)Comparison of recent and Mio-Pliocene deep water deposits in the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 423-438. (Deepwater Kutei Basin (Makassar Straits) seismic examples of slope and basin floor sediments) Situmorang, B. (1982)- The formation and evolution of the Makassar Basin, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Chelsea College, University of London, p. . Situmorang, B. (1982)- The formation of the Makassar Basin as determined from subsidence curves. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 83-107. (Subsidence of Makassar Basin compatible with McKenzie stretching model. Basin formation started with rifting in Lw-M Eocene or earlier, continuing until E Miocene. Rifting ceased by end of E Miocene, and since then > 6 km of sediments deposited continuously across basin without significant deformation. Oceanic crust will occur at stretching factor of 2.9, corresponding to present water depth of >3.2 km. No such water depths, so basin underlain by thinned continental crust. NB: Not clear if sediment thickness is incorporated here; HvG) Situmorang, B. (1984)- Formation, evolution, and hydrocarbon prospects of the Makassar Basin, Indonesia. In: S.T. Wilson (ed.) Trans. 3rd Circum Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conf., Honolulu, 1982, p. 227-232. Situmorang, B. (1987)- Seismic stratigraphy of the Makassar Basin. Lemigas Scient. Contr. Petrol. Science Techn. 1987-1, p. 3-38. Situmorang, B. (1989)- Crustal structure of the Makassar basin as interpreted from gravity anomalies: implications for basin origin and evolution. Lemigas Scient. Contr. Petrol. Science Techn., 1/89, p. 10-24. Teague, R., J.T. Noah, R. Redhead, M. Swanson, T. Brown & N. Briedis (1999)- Merah Besar and West Seno Field discoveries, Makassar Strait, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exh. Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 83, 8, p. 1343. (First Indonesia deep water discoveries by Unocal in 1996 and 1998 in toe-thrust anticlines with stratigraphic trapping components. Merah Besar in 1700' - 2700' of water, 40 km2, productive reservoirs between 40009500’ TVD in Pliocene and Upper Miocene upper to mid-slope turbidite channel-levee sandstones. West Seno in 2400- 3200' of water, ~70 km2, with hydrocarbons between 7000' -9500' TVD, where Upper and M Miocene sandstones are faulted and stratigraphically trapped in updip position. Sandstones rel. continous and interpreted as amalgamated turbidite channels capped by hemipelagic shales. Porosity 24-32%, permeability 150-1500 md. Sandstones quartzose and mainly fine grained. Miocene oils and Pliocene and Miocene gases derived from similar source facies of land plant-dominated organic material. Oils API gravity 35-46 degrees) Thompson, P., J.J. Hartman , M.A.A. Anandito, D. Kumar et al. (2009)- Distinguishing gas sand from shale/brine sand using elastic impedance data and the determination of the lateral extent of channel reservoirs using amplitude data for a channelized deepwater gas field in Indonesia. Leading Edge 28, 3, p. 312-317. (Sadewa Field 2002 discovery in Makassar Straits, ~5 km from Kalimantan shelf edge in water depths of 15002500 ft . Nine wells drilled. Very expensive development) Untung, M., J. Taruno, A. Maulana, P. Kridoharto & S. Sukardi (1985)- Explanatory note on preliminary aeromagnetic map of the Makassar Strait. Proc. 20th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1983, 2, Tech.Repts., p. 199-209. (Aeromagnetic map over Makassar Straits shows two areas of different character, separated by Paternoster Arch: (1) high anomalies of quiet magnetization in North Makassar Basin (interpreted to be oceanic crust) and (2) low to high anomalies of noisy character in South Makassar Basin)


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Visser, K., R. Thunell & M.A. Goni (2004)- Glacial- interglacial organic carbon record from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia: implications for regional changes in continental vegetation. Quat. Sci. Rev. 23, 1-2, p. 17-27. (Climate in W Pacific Warm Pool 3–4°C colder during glacial periods. Core MD9821-62 from Makassar Strait suggests vegetation on Borneo and other islands did not significantly change from tropical rainforest during last two glacial periods. This supports hypothesis that winter monsoon increased in strength during glacial periods, allowing Indonesia to maintain high rainfall despite cooler conditions. Organic matter mixed marineterrestrial; higher TOC during glacials due to enhanced erosion of continental shelves) Willacy, C., S. Oemar, A.E. Hermantoro & P. Gilleran (2000)- Prestack depth imaging within Makassar Straits, Eastern Kalimantan. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 457-466. (Prestack depth migration of deepwater E Kalimantan seismic line with complex overthrusting) Wissman, G. (1984)- Makassar Strait- Celebes Sea Survey- data compilation and interpretation of cruises VALDIVIA 16/1977 and SONNE 16/1981. BGR Techn. Report 97210, Hannover, 210 p. (BGR 1977 and 1981 seismic surveys in Makassar Straits and Celebes Sea) Wissmann, G. (1984)- Is Sulawesi colliding with the Paleogene rifted margin of eastern Kalimantan? A hypothesis deduced from seismic reflection profiles in the Makassar Straits- Celebes Sea. BGR Tech. Rept. 97210, Data compilation and interpretation of cruises, Valdivia, 16/1977 and Sonne 16/1981.


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V. SULAWESI V.1. Sulawesi Abendanon, E.C. (1912)- Zur Umrissform der insel Celebes. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 64, 5, p. 266-277. (‘On the outline of Sulawesi’. Early interpretation of tectonic zones and fault patterns of Sulawesi) Abendanon, E.C. (1915)- Celebes uit, of in de Tethys? Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 33, p. 359-365. (Scathing critique of observations and conclusions of Waterschoot van der Gracht 1915 paper on C Sulawesi) Abendanon, E.C. (1915-1917)- Geologische en geographische doorkruisingen van Midden-Celebes (19091910). E.J. Brill, Leiden, vol. I, p. 1-451, vol. II, p. 453-944, vol. III Palaeontologie (G.J. Hinde & G.F. Dollfus) and Petrografie (W.F. Gisolf), p. 953-1381, vol. IV, p. 1383-1902 + Atlas. ('Geologic and geographic traverses of Central Sulawesi (1909-1910)'. Classic first geological reconnaissance traverses of C Sulawesi by geographer Abendanon) Abendanon, E.C. (1916-18)- Voyages geologiques et geographiques a travers la Celebes centrale. Brill, Leiden. 3 vols. + Atlas, 1549 p. (‘Geologic and geographic travels across Central Sulawesi’; French translation of above Dutch text) Abendanon, E.C. (1916)- De oude beddingen der Beneden-Saadang River. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 33, 3, p. 429-449. ('The old courses of the Lower Sadang River'. Sadang River in SW Sulawesi now drains W into Makassar Straits, but riverh shifted 25 km north from old Sadang delta at Jampua 50 years ago. Diversion appears to point to ~5m of uplift in last 50 years) Abendanon, E.C. (1916)- Een palaeogeographische gevolgtrekking in verband tot de kristallijne schistenformatie van Midden Celebes. Verh. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. III (Molengraaff-issue), p. 171-190. ('A paleogeographic conclusion from the crystalline schist formation of Central Sulawesi'. C Sulawesi belt of metamorphic rocks between Bone Gulf and Tomini Bay interpreted as part of a larger Precambrian AsianAustralian continent, with proposed name of 'Aequinoctia'. Started to break up in Permo-Carboniferous) Abendanon, E.C. (1917)- Historische geologie van Midden-Celebes. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 34, p. 440-456 and p. 547-564. (‘Historical geology of Central Sulawesi’) Abendanon, E.C. (1918)- Ontdekking van belangrijke delfstoffen-afzettingen in Ned.-Indie (Midden-Celebes) op grond van een geologischen verkenningstocht. De Ingenieur, Delft, 1918, 7, p. 1-14. (‘Discovery of important mineral deposits in Netherlands Indies (Central Sulawesi) based on a geological reconnaissance trip'. First to report presence of lateritic of iron, nickel and chrome deposits associated with peridotites in the ‘Verbeek Mountains’ near Matano and Towuti lakes) Abendanon, E.C. (1919)- Midden-Celebes, een antikritiek. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 36, p. 4997. ('Central Sulawesi, a reply'. Reply to critical discussion of Abendanon 1916-1918 Sulawesi volumes by Wing Easton, 1918) Abendanon, E.C. (1920)- Een jongpaleozoisch en een devonisch fossiel van Celebes? De Ingenieur, 31 Januari 1920, p. and 29 Januari 1921, p. ('A Late Paleozoic and a Devonian fossil from Sulawesi? Questions the Sulawesi origin of a Permian ammonite and a Devonian brachiopod reported by Brouwer (1919) from Kalosi region of C Sulawesi) Abimanyu, R. (1990)- The stratigraphy of the Sulawesi Group in the Tomori PSC, East Arm of Sulawesi. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1990, 1, p. 99-118.


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(Union Texas overview of stratigraphy of (Late Miocene?) Pliocene -Pleistocene clastics-dominated, postorogenic ‘Sulawesi Molasse’ in Tomori Basin. Documents Late Miocene flexural loading as result of E Sulawesi ophiolite- Banggai Sula collision, followed by post-orogenic uplift/ erosion in E Pliocene) Adam, J.W.H. (1922)- Over de resultaten eener proefontginning van nikkelertsafzetingen nabij Soroako (Celebes). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verhand. 1, p. 201-249. (Results of test exploitation of nickel ore deposits near Soroako on S side of Matano lake, central East Sulawesi. Nickel ore on weathered surface of large peridotite body (mainly dunite). Concentrations of nickel ore typically 3-4% Ni, some over 7%, not as high as New Caledonia) Adhitiya, R., S.S. Angkasa, V. Oryzavica V., A.R. Parinduri, D. Wirasatia & R. Adiarsa (2010)- Re-appraisal, tectonic and sedimentary control of Bone Basin and implication to Cenozoic multi hydrocarbon play. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-088, 12p. (In Indonesian) (Literature summary of S Sulawesi Bone Basin, borrowing heavily from Yulihanto 2004) Ahlburg, J. (1913)- Versuch einer geologischen Darstellung der Insel Celebes. Geol. und Palaeont. Abhandl., Neue Folge 12, 1, p. 3-172. (online at: http://archive.org/details/geologischeundpa12jena) (Early overview of Sulawesi geology, partly based on own observations on North arm along Tomini Bay in 1909, part compilation of published data.) Ahmad, W. (1975)- Geology along the Matano Fault Zone, East Sulawesi. In: S. Wiryosujono & A. Sudrajat (eds.) Regional Conf Geology and Mineral Resources of Southeast Asia, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1975, p. 143-150. Andi Mangga, S. (2004)- Tinjauan lingkungan tektonik batupasir Formasi Kalumpang di daerah Kalumpang, Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 14, 2, p. ('Observations on tectonic setting of the Kalumpang Fm sandstone in the Kalumpang area, Mamuju District, S Sulawesi'. On Eocene clastics) Andi Mangga, S. (2005)- Tinjauan geologi dan potensi batubara daerah Sulawesi Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 1, p. 124- . ('Observations on the geology and coal potential of the South Sulawesi area') Andreason, M.W., A.F. Chatfield, J.A. Curiale, M.V. Filewicz, E.D. Lumadyo et al. (2000)- Exploration in the gravity collapse rifts of the Salayar Basin, Indonesia. AAPG 2000 Ann. Mtg (Abstract only) (Salayar Basin offshore SW Sulawesi gravity collapse rift formed in M Cretaceous along SE Sunda shield margin. Salayar and SE Sunda margin basins differ from typical Indonesian back-arc basins due to Cretaceous main rift event and crustal thickening prior to Paleocene-Eocene source deposition. Sequence of events: 1) E Cretaceous accretion, thrusting, granite intrusion, low-angle subduction; 2) Mid-Cretaceous collapse due to Australian plate roll-back, deposition of deepwater flysch; 3) Late Cretaceous isostatic adjustment of rift blocks; 4) Paleocene-M Eocene rifting, deposition in alluvial, lacustrine, and fluvio-deltaic environments; 5) Late Eocene- Late Oligocene post-rift quiescence, carbonate platform development on basin margins, deepwater marls- shales in basin center; 6) Late Oligocene- M Miocene inversion; 7) M Miocene- present relative tectonic quiescence, sediment starved conditions, infill of lows) Apandi, T. (1977)- Geologic map of the Kotamobagu quadrangle, North Sulawesi, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Armandita, C., N. Pudyo, S.E. Saputra & Sumaryana (2011)- Exploration challenges and opportunities in deep water Makassar Strait Basins, Indonesia: review of carbonate play based on sequence stratigraphy and seismic characterization. Proc. SEG Ann. Meeting, San Antonio 2011, p. 1-5. (Extended Abstract)


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(Evaluation of deepwater of Makassar Strait after 6 recent unsuccessful exploration wells. Geological factors of unsuccessful results include misinterpretation of age of carbonate reservoirs from seismic, inadequate evaluation of petroleum system, etc.) Aryani. S.C. & R.Sinaga (2010)- Potential prospect of Au- Base metal mineralization in Esang, Mamasa, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, 7p. (Esang gold and base metal mineralization in W Sulawesi hosted in Cretaceous Latimojong Fm metasediments and Miocene- Pliocene andesites of Talaya Fm) Ascaria, N.A. (1997)- Carbonate facies development and sediment evolution of the Miocene Tacipi Formation, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 397 p. (Tacipi Fm 300m thick Middle-Late Miocene reefal limestones, outcrops over 1500 km2 in eastern S Sulawesi. Tectonic activity controlled facies development in M-L Miocene) Ascaria, N.A. (1999)- Control on carbonate sedimentation of Tacipi Formation, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Berita Sediment. 10, p. Ascaria, N.A. & N.A. Harbury (1997)- Tacipi Limestone facies distribution and sequence development, MioPliocene, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Berita Sediment. 5, p. Ascaria, N.A., N.A. Harbury & M.E.J. Wilson (1997)- Hydrocarbon potential and development of Miocene knoll-reefs, South Sulawesi. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 569-584. (Tacipi Fm M Miocene (Tf2-3)- E Pliocene (Tg) intra-arc or forearc carbonates. Thickness 300- 700 m. Subcrops in Sengkang Basin form economic gas reservoirs. Dominant lithologies reef facies, packstones and wackestones. Northern outcrops (N Bone Region) isolated knoll-reefs, displaying N-S trend, surrounded by deeper-water facies. Buildups composed of deeper-water M Miocene facies at base and shallow upwards into Late Miocene reef complexes. Differential subsidence resulted in variations in time of drowning of reefs. Fine grained clastics and volcaniclastics cover reefs and act as seals) Ashton, P.R. (1976)- Miocene algal reef mounds, Sengkang province, Sulawesi. Proc. Carbonate Seminar, 1976, Indon Petrol. Assoc., p. 122. (Abstract only) (S edge of Sengkang Basin, S Sulawesi, well exposed outcrops of algal reef limestone. Numerous discrete biocherms, rooted in U Miocene limestone platform and covered by U Miocene- Pliocene pelagic calcareous mudstones. Bioherms mainly of calcareous algae; corals significant only at base) Asyiah, S., M.R. Suwondo & R. Waren (2010)- Eocene- Miocene plate tectonic habitats and structural style of Gorontalo Basin, Sulawesi. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-006, 13p. (in Indonesian) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1974)- Sulawesi. In: Mesozoic-Cainozoic orogenic belts. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 365-378. (Elegant, possibly somewhat dated overview of Sulawesi geology) Aziz, F. (1993)- Fosil fauna Sulawesi dan Batas Wallace. Jurn. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 3, p. 2-9. ('Fossil faunas of Sulawesi and the Wallace Line') Aziz, F. (1994)- Vertebrate faunal evolution of Sulawesi during the Late Neogene. In: R. Tsuchi (ed.) Pacific Neogene Events in Time and Space. Contributions to the West Pacific, IGCP-246, Shizuoka Univ., Japan, p. 79-85. Aziz, F., G.D. van den Bergh et al. (1995)- The geology and stratigraphy of the vertebrate-bearing deposits in the Sengkang Basin: the terrestrial faunal evolution of South Sulawesi during the Late Pliocene and Quaternary. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Spec. Publ. 18, p. 1-112.


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(At least three immigrations of large-sized terrestrial mammals into S Sulawesi in Late Pliocene-Quaternary. Vetebrate fauna localities in Walanae Depression/rift. East Walanae fault initiated as late M-early Late Miocene normal fault, but in Late Pliocene- Early Pleistocene compressional or left lateral strike slip faulting) Aziz, M.C.A. & K.A.M. Syihab (1993)- Arah pengendapan batuan Tersier, daerah Silea, Kecamatan Sampara, Kabupaten Kendari, Sulawesi Selatan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1141-1150. ('Aspects of the deposition of Tertiary rocks in the Silea area, Sampara, Kendari district, S Sulawesi') Bachri, S. (2006)- Stratigrafi lajur vulkano-plutonik daerah Gorontalo, Sulawesi. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 16, 2, p. 94-106. ('Stratigraphy of the volcanic-plutonic belt of the Gorontalo area', N Sulawesi. Mainly Eocene- Pliocene volcanics and Neogene plutonics. Oldest unit Eocene-E Miocene Tinombo Fm volcanics and sediments. Overlain by M Miocene-E Pliocene marine volcanics and sediments, intruded by Bone Diorite. M Pliocene acidic to intermediate volcanic rocks. Late Pliocene-E Pliocene mollasse with tuffs and acidic-intermediate Pinogu Volcanics with Bumbulan Granodiorite. Plio-Pleistocene reef limestone in S coast area) Baharuddin & B.H. Harahap (2000)- Tinjauan kembali kerangka stratigrafi dan tektonik daerah Palopo, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 10, 110, p. 24-38. ('Review of the stratigraphic and tectonic framework of the Palopo area, S Sulawesi') Baharuddin & B.H. Harahap (2003)- Lava Tersier dari Bonto Sarong Palopo, Sulawesi: ciri geokimia dan kaitannya dengan evolusi dan tektonika. In: Pros. Forum Penelitian dan Pengembangan Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral, Badan Litbang Energi Sumberdaya Min., p. 377-388. ('Tertiary lavas from Bonto Sarong Palopo, Sulawesi; geochemical characteristics and relationships between its evolution and tectonics') Baillie, P., H. Darman & T.H. Fraser (2004)- Deformation of Cenozoic basins of Borneo and Sulawesi. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia and Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 443-461. Barber, A.J. (1996)- Multiple collisions on the southeastern margin of Sundaland: the tectonic evolution of Sulawesi. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 22, 4, p. 300-301. (Abstract only) Barmi, O., F. Urip & E. Purnomo (2003)- The Donggi gas field discovery- a challenge for Pertamina for finding and developing new hydrocarbon reserves in the future. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA03-B074, 16p. (2001 Donggi discovery on Tomori/ Matindok Block, East arm of Sulawesi, may exceed 2.7 TCF gas. Reservoir Late Miocene carbonates of Mentawa Mb of Minahaki Fm, with 13-34% porosity. Oligo-Miocene Tomori Fm carbonates directly on ‘Australian’ granitic basement) Bartstra, G.J. (1977)- Walanae Formation and the Walanae terraces in the stratigraphy of South Sulawesi, (Celebes, Indonesia). Quartar 27, p. 21-30. (On Pliocene-Quaternary vertebrate-bearing clastics formation of SW Sulawesi) Beaudouin, Th. (1998)- Tectonique active et sismotectonique du systeme des failles decrochantes de Sulawesi central. Doct. Thesis, Universite Paris-Sud, p. 1-343 (‘Active tectonics and seismotectonics of C Sulawesi fault zones’) Beaudouin, Th., O. Bellier & M. Sebrier (2003)- Champs de contrainte et de deformation actuels de la region de Sulawesi (Indonesie): implications geodynamiques. Bull. Soc. Geol. France. 174, 3, p. 305-317. (‘Present-day stress and deformation field in the Sulawesi region; geodynamic implications’. High seismicity along N Sulawesi trench and Molucca Sea subduction zone, lower activity in C and S Sulawesi. Represents activity of NE, SW and SE arms thrusts and left-lateral C Sulawesi Fault System (Palu-Koro and Matano faults). System connects N Sulawesi subduction zone to Sorong fault through S Sula fault and Tolo thrust in N


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Banda Sea. Clockwise rotation of Sula block. C Sulawesi fault system fast slipping, with low seismicity. Extensional stress in S part Tomini Gulf (9 mm/yr in N36°E direction), possibly back-arc spreading related to N Sulawesi subduction. Batui zone E-M Pliocene collision between NE arm and Banggai-Sula block, remains active, but mainly affected by strike-slip deformation. Tolo thrust off SE arm E coast absorbs N Banda Sea convergence to W. This allows to distinguish a N Banda block in SE Sulawesi. Tolo thrust and Hamilton fault move W at lower rate than Sula block. SW arm of Sulawesi compressional stress regime (Majene-Kalosi thrusts activity) and may represent W- most accommodation of Philippine/Sunda plates motion) Beets, C. (1950)- On Lower Tertiary Mollusca from SW and Central Celebes. Leidse Geol. Meded. 15, p. 282290. Bellier, O., T. Beaudoin, M. Sebrier, M. Villeneuve, I. Bahar et al. (1998)- Active faulting in central Sulawesi (eastern Indonesia). In: P. Wilson & G.W. Mitchell (eds.) The geodynamics of S and SE Asia (GEODYSSEA project). Geoforschungszentrum, Potsdam, Germany, p. 276-312. Bellier, O., M. Sebrier, Th. Beaudouin, M. Villeneuve, R. Braucher, D. Bourles et al. (2001)- High slip rate for a low seismicity along the Palu-Koro active fault in central Sulawesi (Indonesia). Terra Nova 13, 6, p. 463-470. Bellier, O., M. Sebrier, D. Seward, T. Beaudouin, M. Villeneuve & E. Putranto (2006)- Fission track and fault kinematics analyses for new insight into the Late Cenozoic tectonic regime changes in West-Central Sulawesi (Indonesia). Tectonophysics 413, 3-4, p. 201-220. (Left-lateral C Sulawesi Fault System composed of NNW Palu-Koro and ESE Matano faults in triple junction of Pacific, Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. C Sulawesi three tectonic regimes: (1) Late Miocene- E Pliocene (5 Ma) WNW-trending transpression along PKF and compression in Poso area, resulting from collision of Banggai-Sula block with Sulawesi; (2) Pliocene collapse tectonics associated with W-trending extension, with coeval regional cooling and exhumation; (3) Quaternary transtension from C Sulawesi block N motion, and back-arc spreading behind N Sulawesi subduction (Tomini Gulf)) Bellon, H. & C. Rangin (1991)- Geochemistry and isotopic dating of Cenozoic volcanic arc sequences around the Celebes and Sulu Seas. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, College Station, p. 321-338. Bergman, S.C., D.Q. Coffield, J.P. Talbot & R.A. Garrard (1996)- Tertiary tectonic and magmatic evolution of western Sulawesi and the Makassar Strait, Indonesia: evidence for a Miocene continent-continent collision. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 391-429. (W Sulawesi three Neogene N-S domains, from W to E: (1) active foldbelt with Pliocene- Miocene volcanogenic rocks in W-vergent thrusts, extending into Makassar Strait; (2) deformed submarine Miocene (av. age 8 Ma) arc, built on Oligocene-Eocene clastics and carbonate platform with Mesozoic basement thrust over E margin; (3) accreted pre-Eocene age ophiolite between Latimojong basement block and Bone Bay, obducted in Late Oligocene- Miocene. M Miocene- Pliocene (3-18 Ma) volcanoplutonic complex, with melts sourced from Late Proterozoic- E Palaeozoic, tied to continent-continent collision of W-vergent Australian-New Guinea plate subducting under E-most Sundaland. Makassar Strait is foreland basin flanked by Neogene thrust belts, not Paleogene rift. E Sulawesi ophiolite extends into W Sulawesi, suggesting Bone Bay resulted from collapse of over-thickened Miocene orogen) Berry, R.F. & A.E. Grady (1987)- Mesoscopic structures produced by Plio-Pleistocene wrench faulting in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Struct. Geol. 9, p. 563-571. (Bantimala and Barru metamorphic complexes of S Sulawesi bounded in W by E-dipping thrust faults. Composed of glaucophane schists, serpentinites, etc., overlain by >750m of Cretaceous clastics. Area dominated by Plio-Pleistocene NNW-striking sinistral wrench faults. result of N-ward movement of Banda Sea microplate with respect to W Indonesia) Bothe, A.C.D. (1927)- Voorlopige mededeeling betreffende de geologie van Zuid-Oost Celebes. De Mijningenieur 8, 6, p. 97-103.


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(‘Preliminary note on the geology of SE Sulawesi’. Smaller islands Kabaena and Wawoni very similar to E Sulawesi, larger islands Buton and Moena very different) Bothe, A.C.D. & W.H. Hetzel (1932)- De geologie van Laiwoei, Poleang, Roembia en Kolaka (ZO Celebes). Verslag Archief Dienst van den Mijnbouw, Bandung, p. 1-36. (Unpublished) ('The geology of Laiwui, Poleang, Rumbia and Kolaka islands (SE Sulawesi)'. Unpublished Bandung geological survey report) Boudagher-Fadel, M.K. (2002)- The stratigraphical relationship between planktonic and larger benthic foraminifera in Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene carbonate facies of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Micropaleontology 48, 2, p. 153-176. (M Miocene- E Pliocene Tacipi Fm of SW Sulawesi deposited in large area of shallow marine carbonates, with deeper water sediments deposited to N. Co-occurrence of planktonic foraminifera and larger benthic foraminifera allowed refinement of biostratigraphic ranges of Katacyclocypeus and Flosculinella, and enlargement of knowledge of Tg and Th 'Letter stages') Bromfield, K. & W. Renema (2011)- Comparison of 87Sr/86Sr isotope and biostratigraphic ages of uplifted fossil reefs in the Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Fiji. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 58, p. 61-73. (Dating of limestones from seven Neogene sites from Indo-Pacific, using foraminifera and 87Sr/86Sr isotopes: Salayar Lst in S Sulawesi (Late Miocene-Pliocene/Pleistocene), Yalam Lst in E New Britain, PNG (M Miocene) and Tokelau Limestone Gp on Vanua Balevu in Lau Group, Fiji (M-L Miocene)) Brouwer, H.A. (1919)- Fossielhoudende Palaeozoische afzettingen op Celebes. De Ingenieur, 8 Nov. 1919, p. 832-833. ('Fossiliferous Paleozoic beds on Sulawesi'. Permian ammonite Popanoceras timorense in collection of Colonel G.J. Verstege, reportedly from 'the Sadang and Mato Allo river basins and the mountains in-between, partly found by myself, partly presented by the chiefs of Enrekang, Doeri and Maiwa in 1907 and 1910' (Kalosi region). This suggests presence of Paleozoic marine sediments in S-C Sulawesi, but localities never independently verified, and questioned by Abendanon (1920) and Von Koenigswald (1933), who believed they probably came from Timor, via a Chinese pharmacy (NB: Cannot be dismissed completely?: Permian brachiopods also reported from E Sulawesi by Von Loczy (1934) and Von Kutassy (1934); HvG) Brouwer, H.A. (1919)- Devonische afzettingen in den Oost-Indischen archipel. De Ingenieur, 1921, 48, 29 Nov. 1919, 2p. (In addition to Permian ammonite in collection of Colonel G.J. Verstege from Kalosi region, C Sulawesi, also a grey limestone with Upper Devonian brachiopod Spirifer verneuili) Brouwer, H.A. (1921)- Een jong-Paleozoisch en een Devonisch fossiel van Celebes? De Ingenieur, 1921, p. 138('A Late Paleozoic and a Devonian fossil from Sulawesi?'. Additional report of Upper Devonian brachiopod Spirifer verneuilli from collection of Colonel G.J. Verstege) Brouwer, H.A. (1924)- Geologische beschrijving der omgeving van de Tertiaire fossielrijke lagen nabij Patoenoeang Asoe (Zuid-Celebes). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 52 (1923), Verhand., p. 151-165. ('Geological description in the area of Tertiary fossil-rich beds near Patunuang Asu (S Sulawesi)'. Localities of thin-bedded marine fish-bearing lagoonal limestone in Miocene reefal limestone complex, SW Sulawesi. Eocene- Miocene limestones intruded by basalt-diabase sills) Brouwer, H.A. (1930)- The major tectonic features of Celebes. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 33, 4, p. 338-343. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015894.pdf) (Brief overview of Sulawesi geology, after 1929 expedition. C Sulawesi three zones: (1) eastern zone with abundant imbricated basic-ultrabasic igneous rocks, radiolarian cherts and Mesozoic limestones; (2) central


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zone dominated by crystalline schists, deformation strike mainly N-S; (3) western zone with abundant granitic rocks and with Mesozoic sediments of different facies from zone 1) Brouwer, H.A. (1934)- Geologisch onderzoekingen op het eiland Celebes. Verhand. Koninkl. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 10, p. 39-218. (Report on 1929 geological traverses in Central Sulawesi. With appendices on Mesozoic belemnites by Stolley, molluscs by Broili and Tertiary foraminifera by Van der Vlerk & Dozy. Occurrence of limestone with coral and (mid-Cretaceous) Orbitolina in isoclinally folded shales-sandstone-radiolarian ?chert W of Latimojong Mts, SW Sulawesi) Brouwer, H.A. (1941)- Tektonik und Magma in der Insel Celebes und der indonesische Gebergstypus. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 44, 3, p. 253-261. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017559.pdf) (‘Tectonics and magma of Sulawesi and the Indonesian mountain type’. C Sulawesi 3 N-S trending belts: (1) Eastern belt of ultrabasic rocks overlain by Mesozoic limestones and radiolarites; (2) central belt of regional metamorphic schists, age of which is debatable, and with decreasing metamorphism to East; (3) Western belt with common granodiorite, biotite-rich schist and Cretaceous-Tertiary sediments. No active volcanism in C Sulawesi today, but stopped only in Quaternary) Brouwer, H.A. (1947)- Geological explorations in Celebes- summary of the results. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Explorations of the Island of Celebes, North Holland Publ. Co., p. 1-64. (Summary of geology of C Sulawesi, mainly based on work of the 1929 Bandung Geological Survey expedition, results of which were first reported by Brouwer 1934). This summary also incorporates results of petrographic work by Willems (1937), Egeler (1947) and De Roever (1947)) Brouwer, H.A. (1949)- Sur un massif granodioritique et ses phenomenes de contact a l'ouest de Palopo (Celebes). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 52, 6, p. 610-613. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018675.pdf) ('On a granodioritic massif and its contact phenomena W of Palopo, S part of Central Sulawesi'. Graniodiorite massif and contact aureole sampled along road Rante Pao and Palopo, 17-28 km E of Rante Pao) Brouwer, H.A. & L.F. de Beaufort (1922)- Tertiaire afzettingen met fossiele visschen van Z-Celebes. Versl. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Afd. Wis- en Natuurk., 32, p. 33-40. (‘Tertiary deposits with fish fossils in S Sulawesi’; same as paper below) Brouwer, H.A. & L.F. de Beaufort (1923)- On Tertiary marine deposits with fossil fishes from South Celebes. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 26, 3-4, p. 159-166. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014925.pdf) (English version of paper above. Two fish fossils of probable Miocene age in fine-grained 'lithographic' limestone block from roadcut near Patoenoeang Asoe E, Maros district. Rocks probably lagoonal deposit in Eocene-Miocene reefal limestone complex. Fish identified as Clupea (Sardinella) brouweri n.sp. and Lutjanus) Bucking, H. (1904)- Beitrage zur Geologie von Celebes. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 7, p. 29205. (‘Contributions to the geology of Sulawesi’. Early descriptions of SW Sulawesi igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary rocks. First description of (Bantimala) Cretaceous metamorphic complex, associated with serpentinites, radiolarian cherts, etc. overlain by Eocene coal-bearing clastics and Nummulites limestones and Miocene limestones) Budiman, B., I. Hardjana & Hermadi (2011)- The geology and Au-mineralization system in the Totopo West Prospect, Gorontalo, Indonesia. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 189-200.


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Buskamal, M.T. Djunaedi & Nur Hasjim (1999)- Biostratigraphic study of Toraja Formation, Kalosi, South Sulawesi. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 3, p. 21-34. Calvert, S.J. (2000)- The Cenozoic geology of the Lariang and Karama regions, Western Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 353 p. Calvert, S.J. (2000)- The Cenozoic evolution of the Lariang and Karama basins, Sulawesi. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 505-511. (W Sulawesi influenced by development of Makassar Straits to W and collision of continental, ophiolitic and island arc fragments to E (E Sulawesi ophiolite and Buton, Tukang-Besi and Banggai-Sula microcontinents). Ages attributed to collision events Early to Late Miocene. Product of collisions was uplift, erosion and deposition of 'Celebes Molasse'. Lariang and Karama basins in central W Sulawesi ~10,000 km2). Calvert, S.J. & R. Hall (2003)- The Cenozoic geology of the Lariang and Karama regions, Western Sulawesi: new insight into the evolution of the Makassar Straits region. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petr. Assoc., p. 501517. (W Sulawesi Lariang and Karama regions oldest sediments ?Paleocene non-marine coals, sandstones, mudstones. Rifting M- Late Eocene. Eocene sediments in graben/half graben in marine and marginal marine environments. Eocene Makassar Straits rift asymmetrical: Kalimantan margin twice width of Sulawesi margin. Thermal subsidence started Late Eocene. By end-Oligocene most of W Sulawesi shelf carbonate and mudstone deposition. Carbonates- mudstones deposited throughout E Miocene and in places until M or Late Miocene. Little or no evidence of Miocene collisions in W Sulawesi. First evidence of orogenic deformation is Pliocene uplift and erosion, followed by deposition of coarse clastics from orogenic belt to E of study area.) Calvert, S.J. & R. Hall (2007)- Cenozoic evolution of the Lariang and Karama regions, North Makassar Basin, western Sulawesi, Indonesia. Petroleum Geosc. 13, p. 353-358. (Similar to papers above. Main contractional deformation in W Sulawesi is mid-Pliocene, whereas in E Kalimantan it dates from E Miocene) Carlile, J.C., S. Digdowirogo & K. Darius (1990)- Geological setting, characteristics and regional exploration for gold in the volcanic arcs of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 35, p. 105-140. (N Sulawesi significant gold province in series of spatially overlapping Tertiary volcanic arcs. In W rhyodacitic volcanics overlie quartzo-feldspathic metamorphic basement. In C and E areas marine basaltic basement overlain by andesitic volcanics, centres of which migrated progressively E from E Miocene to present day. Four categories of gold mineralization recognized) Carlile, J. C. & A.G. Kirkegaard (1985)- Porphyry copper-gold deposits of the Tombulilato district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia: an extension of the Philippine porphyry copper-gold province. In: M.P. Jones (ed.) Proc. Asian Mining ’85 Conf., Manila, Inst. Mining Metallurgy, London, p. 351-363. Carthaus, E. (1900)- Beobachtungen auf Celebes und Sumatra. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 6, p. 246-249. ('Observations on Sulawesi and Sumatra') C & C Reservoirs (1997)- Kampung Baru Field, East Sengkang Basin, Indonesia. Digital Analogs, Reservoir Evaluation Report, Far East, 15p. (Late Miocene Tacipi Fm gas-bearing (350 GCF) reefal buildup on carbonate platform, encased in deep water shales in SW Sulawesi. Moldic porosity from fresh-water leaching) Charlton, T.R. (1996)- Correlation of the Salawati and Tomori basins, eastern Indonesia: a constraint on leftlateral displacements of the Sorong fault zone. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 106, p. 465-481.


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Coffield, D.Q., S.C. Bergman, R.A. Garrard, N. Guritno, N.M. Robinson & J. Talbot (1993)- Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of the Kalosi PSC area and associated development of a Tertiary petroleum system, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 22nd. Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc, 1, p. 679-706. (S Sulawesi basement imbricated, metamorphic Mesozoic sediments and ophiolites (SE Sundaland Cretaceous accretionary complex). Unconformably overlain by Paleo-Eocene volcanics and Eocene fluviallacustrine rocks, associated with extensional faulting. U Eocene- M Miocene Tonasa Fm platform carbonates reflect quiescence. Thick M Miocene- Pliocene N-S trending bimodal volcano- plutonic belt reflects E-M Miocene subduction beneath S Sulawesi and obduction of oceanic crust onto E Sulawesi micro-continent(s), followed by M-L Miocene collision. These are unconformably overlain by latest Miocene- earliest Pliocene Tacipi reef carbonates and Pliocene and younger synorogenic clastics. Continued Pliocene convergence formed W-vergent orogen in S Sulawesi, with thin-skinned thrusting in W and basement-involved thrusting in E. Oils from seeps typed to mature Eocene source rocks) Coffield, D.Q., N. Guritno, M.E.J. Wilson & N.A. Ascaria (1997)- Petroleum systems of South Sulawesi, Indonesia (fieldtrip summary). In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1001-1010. (S Sulawesi dominated by W-verging Late Miocene- Pliocene foldbelt. Source rocks in deltaic coals of early transgressive sequences. Late Tertiary magmatism and subsequent Pliocene orogenesis resulted in formation of multiple kitchen areas. Potential reservoirs throughout Late Tertiary section, although only Late MiocenePliocene (post-magmatic/ pre-orogenic) carbonates proven productive to date in S Sulawesi) Coffield, D., N. Guritno, M. Wilson & A. Ascaria (1997)- Petroleum systems of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Fieldtrip Guidebook, p. 1-81. Collins J.S.H. & A.J. Barber (1998)- A new middle Eocene crab, Lobocarcinus pentanodosus sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Doi Doi, Barru, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bull Mizunami Fossil Museum, Japan, 25, p. 97-101. (New cancroid crab from M Eocene of S Sulawesi is first member of genus from W Pacific). Conte, A.M., C. Freda, M. Gaeta, D.M. Palladino, P. Scarlato, J. Taddeucci & R. Trigila (1999)- Mechanism for the 1983 eruption of Colo Volcano, Una-Una Island, Indonesia. Acta Vulcan. 11, 2, p. 245-254. Cornee, J.J., R. Martini, M. Villeneuve, L. Zaninetti et al. (1999)- Mise en evidence du Jurassique inferieur et moyen dans la ceinture ophiolitique de Sulawesi (Indonesie). Consequences geodynamiques. Geobios 32, 3, p. 385-394. (~350m E-M Jurassic deep marine clays and carbonates over Latest Triassic reefal carbonates in E Sulawesi Kolonodale area, indicating major subsidence after Triassic carbonate deposition. Ophiolite over rel. thin Late Cretaceous- Paleogene pelagic limestones. Prior to Neogene tectonics, which strongly dismembered E Indonesia, ophiolitic tectonic zone of E Sulawesi probably part of widest palaeogeographic block which included some of the Banda Sea continental fragments: Buru, Seram, Buton, Sinta Ridge). Cornee, J.J., G. Tronchetti, M. Villeneuve, B. Lathuiliere, M.C. Janin, P. Saint-Marc, W. Gunawan & H. Samodra (1995)- Cretaceous of eastern and southeastern Sulawesi (Indonesia): new micropaleontological and biostratigraphical data. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, p. 41-52. (New outcrops of pelagic carbonates of Albian and Campanian-Maastrichtian age in strongly tectonized areas in E and SE Sulawesi. Species indicate no major difference in facies of E and SE arms of Sulawesi. Similar facies also in numerous places in E Indonesia and in distal Australian shelf during Late Cretaceous) Cornee, J.J., M. Villeneuve, R. Martini, L. Zaninetti, D. Vachard, B. Vrielynck. W. Gunawan, H. Samodra & L. Sarmili (1994)- Une plate-forme carbonatee d’age rhetien au centre-est de Sulawesi (region de Kolonodale, Celebes, Indonesie). C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris 318, Ser. II, p. 809-814. ('A carbonate platform of Rhaetian age in Central-East Sulawesi (Kolonodale region)'. ~150m of Late Triassic reefal carbonates W of (or below?) E Sulawesi ophiolite terrane)


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Cottam, M.A., R. Hall, M. Forster & M. Boudagher Fadel (2011)- Basement character and basin formation in Gorontalo Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia: new observations from the Togian Islands. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 177-202. (Togian islands stratigraphy includes Walea Fm pillow basalts and volcanic breccias of unknown age, overlain by late Middle Miocene Peladan Fm limestone, overlain by Late Miocene- E Pliocene Bongka Fm/ Celebes Molasse and uplifted ?Pleistocene reef terraces. Field relationships indicate latest Miocene- Pliocene age for inception of Gorontalo Bay basin. Young medium-K to shoshonitic volcanism in Togian Islands not due to subduction but reflects crustal thinning and extension in Pliocene- Pleistocene. Extension continuing today. Extension and subsidence driven by rollback of subduction hinge at N Sulawesi Trench.) Crotty, K.J. & D.W. Engelhardt (1993)- Larger foraminifera and palynomorphs of the upper Malawa and lower Tonasa Formations, southwestern Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. In: T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, Chiang Mai 1993, p. 71-82. Cucci, M.A., R.A. Garrard & M. Golborne (1994)- The Early Tertiary rift basins of offshore South Sulawesi, Indonesia. AAPG Ann. Mtg., Denver (Abstract) (Offshore S Sulawesi Paleogene rift system activated and failed twice. Initial rifting Late Paleocene-E Eocene, with N-S oriented sags on Cretaceous platform with Langi Fm volcanics. By M Eocene rifting failed and uplift/ erosion formed major unconformity. Second rift event M Eocene, close to earlier 'sags'. N-S orientation, from off S Sulawesi to near Sabalana Island at intersection with E-W trending Kangean-Lombok rift system. M Eocene terrestrial-lacustrine Malawa/Toraja Fms overlain by fluvio-deltaic deposits. In Late Eocene rifting ceased, leaving extensive shelfal areas isolated from Sulawesi sediment supply. Transgression initiated vast Tonasa/ Makali Fm carbonate platform with localized reefal buildups. Late Miocene carbonates gave way to siliciclastics (Camba Fm), derived from establishment of major magmatic belt. Late Tertiary compressional tectonics inverted many Paleogene rifts to form classic 'Sunda- type' folds) Dam, R.A.C., J. Fluin, P. Suparan & S. van der Kaars (2001)- Paleoenvironmental developments in the Lake Tondano area (N-Sulawesi, Indonesia) since 33,000 yr B.P. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, p. 147183. (Lake Tondano at 680m above SL. Lake levels rose and fell. Late Pleistocene phase with lower precipitation and lower temperatures. Progressive deforestation of Tondano upland) Darman, H. (2011)- Seismic expression of North Sulawesi subduction zone. Berita Sedim. 22, p. 5-8. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/files/2011/10/...) (Seismic lines/ cross sections of recent subduction complex of Sulawesi Sea plate under Sulawesi North Arm) Davies, I.C. (1990)- Geological and exploration review of Tomori PSC, eastern Indonesia. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 41-67. (Tomori PSC, E Sulawesi, two tectonostratigraphic units: (1) Banggai-Sula microcontinent and (2) ‘trapped’ E Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt, thrust over Banggai-Sula microcontinental block in E Pliocene. Structural styles developed, firstly as Banggai- Sula moved W to present position, and secondly as it entered collision zone with E Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt. N area characterized by normal and wrench faults, S area by imbricate thrusts. Precollision Miocene sequence two carbonate reservoir units: (1) E Miocene platform limestones, with Tiaka oil field in complex thrust zone in S part of PSC; (2) Late Miocene mixed platform- reefal carbonate with Minahaki and Matindok gas fields. Source rocks for hydrocarbons in Miocene. Generation and migration in Pliocene/ Pleistocene, as prior to this, insufficient overburden to create mature source) De Beaufort, L.F. (1926)- On a collection of marine fishes from the Miocene of South Celebes. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 54 (1925), Verhand. 1, p. 115-148. (Fish fossils collected by Brouwer in 1923 from lithographic (lagoonal?) platy limestone mear Patanuang Asi, Maros district, S Sulawesi Fifteen coastal marine fish species, including herring-like Sardinella brouweri and Lutjanus. Associated foraminifera identified by Rutten as Early Miocene age. No location or stratigraphy info)


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De Beaufort, L.F. (1934)- On a fossil fish from Gimpoe (Central Celebes). Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. 10, 2, p. 180-181. (Brief description of fish fossils, probably fresh-water and Neogene age, collected at Gimpoe basin, C Sulawesi, by Brouwer 1929 expedition) De Klerk, L.G. (1983)- Zeespiegels, riffen en kustvlakten in Zuidwest-Sulawesi, Indonesia: een morfogenetisch- bodemkundige studie. Ph.D. Thesis University of Utrecht, 174 p. ('Sea levels, reefs and coastal plains of Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia: a morphogenetic-pedological study'. On the Holocene evolution of the Spermonde Archipelago coral reefs and adjacent SW Sulawesi coastal region) De Koning Knijff, J. (1914)- Geologische gegevens omtrent gedeelten der afdelingen Loewoe, Pare Pare en Boni van het Gouvernement Celebes en onderhoorigheden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 41 (1912), Verhand. 1, p. 277-312. (Report on 1909 reconnaissance surveys in Luwu, Pare Pare and Bone districts (S and C Sulawesi), compiled by Brouwer. Not overly useful) Delisle, G., H. Beiersdorf, S. Neben & D. Steinmann (1998)- The geothermal field of the North Sulawesi accretionary wedge and a model on BSR migration in unstable depositional environments. In: J.P. Henriet et al. (eds.) Gas hydrates: relevance to world margin stability and climate change. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 137, p. 267-274. (Distribution of heat flow in N Sulawesi accretionary wedge derived from depths of a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) and nine in situ heat flow measurements. High heat flow of ~70-100mWm 2 near deformation front and systematic decrease to 30mWm -2 landwards) De Roever, W.P. (1947)- Igneous and metamorphic rocks in Eastern Central Celebes. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological explorations of the island of Celebes, North Holland Publ. Co., p. 67-173. (Two main metamorphic facies in eastern C Sulawesi: older epidote-amphibolite facies and younger lawsoniteglaucophane blueschist facies. Many rocks polymetamorhic, affected by both facies. Epidote-amphibole facies over whole region, glaucophane facies in western half of eastern C Sulawesi only (Lake Poso, etc.)) De Roever, W.P. (1950)- Preliminary notes on glaucophane-bearing and other crystalline schists from Southeast Celebes, and on the origin of glaucophane-bearing rocks. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 53, 9, p. 1455-1465. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018892.pdf) (Petrographic study of 170 crystalline schist samples from SE Sulawesi, collected by Bothe, Hetzel, etc. Two metamorphics groups, similar to Kabaena island (De Roever 1953): (1) Rumbia and Mendoke Mts mainly glaucophane-lawsonite schist facies (metamorphism of 'alpine orogene'; original material of Mesozoic age) and (2) lower La Solo River mainly amphibolite and greenschist-dynamometamorphic facies (probably Paleozoic or older original rock and pre-alpine age metamorphism). ‘Paired metamorphic belt’ of lawsonite-glaucophane schists and ultrabasites in East, andalusite-cordierite metamorphics and granites on W side of Sulawesi) De Roever, W.P. (1951)- Ferrocarpholite, the hitherto unknown ferrous analogue of carpholite. Indonesia. Am. Mineralogist 36, p. 736-745. (Ferrocarpholite new dark green prismatic mineral from cobble of metamorphic vein-quartz collected Hetzel, W of Tomata, eastern Central Sulawesi) De Roever, W.P. (1953)- Tectonic conclusions from the distribution of the metamorphic facies in the island of Kabaena near SE Celebes. Proc. 7th Pacific Sci. Congr., New Zealand 1949, 2, p. 71-81. (Metamorphic facies map of Kabaena Island off SE arm of Sulawesi and W of Buton. Peridotites-serpentinites are uppermost tectonic unit, separated from underlying metamorphic schists of amphibolite facies and below that schists in glaucophane-lawsonite facies by important overthrust plane, thrusted 10’s of km, probably directed approximately to North) De Roever, W.P. (1955)- Genesis of jadeite by low-grade metamorphism (Celebes). Amer. J. Science 253, p. 283-298.


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(Jadeite-rich pyroxene occurs as zoned crystals in quartzite of Salimoeroe and Koesek River regions, Sulawesi. Formed by conversion of albite in psammitic sediments during local low-grade metamorphism) De Roever, W.P. (1956)- Some additional data on the crystalline schists of the Rumbia and Mendoke Mountains (SE Celebes). Verhand. Kon. Ned. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 16 (Brouwer volume), p. 385394. (Rumbia and Mendoke Mts in SE Sulawesi up to 1000m high and composed of metamorphic rocks. Two phases of metamorphism, a main phase of rel. deep garnet-lawsonite glaucophane schists, and younger ‘Alpine’ lower grade metamorphism, probably accompanied by large scale overthrusting) De Roever, W.P. (1956)- Some differences between post- Palaeozoic and older regional metamorphism. Geol. Mijnbouw 18, p. 123-127. De Roever, W.P. & C. Kieft (1971)- Additional data on ferrocarpholite from Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia. Am. Mineralogist 56, p. 1976-1982. (Ferrocarpholite from N part of C Sulawesi, resembling actinolite. Most likely a product of metamorphism in glaucophane-schist facies) Dieckmann, W. (1919)- Nikkelhoudende lateritische ijzerertsen op Celebes. De Ingenieur 43, p. 782-787. (Nickel-bearing lateritic iron ores on Sulawesi') Dieckmann, W. & M.W. Julius (1925)- Algemeene geologie en ertsafzettingen van Zuidoost Celebes. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 53 (1924), Verh., p. 11-65. (‘General geology and ore deposits of SE Sulawesi’. Mainly valuation of iron, nickel, chromium deposits. With brief appendix on fossils by Van der Vlerk, reporting three groups of pelagic rocks: red radiolarian chert, red shales with 'Globigerina linneana (= Late Cretaceous Globotruncana; HvG) and grey shale with Globigerina bulloides (Tertiary? HvG). Followed by petrographic descriptions by Gisolf) Dirk, M.H.J. (2001)- Petrologi ofiolit lengan tenggara Sulawesi dan potensi sumber daya mineral yang berasosiasi. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 28, p. 11-26 (‘Petrology of ophiolite of SE arm of Sulawesi and potential of associated minerals’) Djajadihardja, Y.S., A. Taira, H. Tokuyama, K. Aoike, C. Reichert, M. Block, H.U. Schluter & S. Neben (2004)- Evolution of an accretionary complex along the North arm of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Island Arc 13, 1, p. 1-17. (Well-developed accretionary prism at S side N Sulawesi Trench, formed as result of clockwise rotation and N ward movement of N Sulawesi arm after M Miocene Bangai-Sula collision in E. Greatest convergence and widest accretionary wedge in W part of trench/wedge. Growth of accretionary prism started at ~5 Ma) Djuri, M., Sudjatmiko, S. Bachri & Sukido (1998)- Geologic map of the Majene and western part of the Palopo sheets, Sulawesi, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. (Second edition of 1974 W Sulawesi geologic map between 3-4°S (adjacent to Mandar block). Oldest rocks lowmetamorphic Upper Cretaceous clastics, overlain by Eocene limestones-clastics, Oligocene and younger clastics, limestones and volcanics, Miocene- Pliocene granitic intrusives. M Miocene- Pliocene molasse unconformable over older sediments) Dollfus, G.F. (1917)- Paleontologie du voyage a l’ile de Celebes de M.E.C. Abendanon. In: E.C Abendanon, E.C. (1917) Geologische en geographische doorkruisingen van Midden-Celebes (1909-1910), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 3, p. 959-1016. (‘Paleontology of the voyage to Sulawesi by Abendanon’. Brief descriptions of 'Jurassic' red radiolarian cherts, Upper Cretaceous marls with molluscs, hard, dark Eocene Nummulites- Discocyclina- Pellatispira limestone, Oligocene- Pliocene marine sediments with molluscs) Dollfus, G.F. (1919)- L'Oligocene de l'ile de Celebes. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 19, p. 13-15.


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('The Oligocene of Sulawesi island') Effendi, A.C. (1976)- Geologic map of the Manado quadrangle, North Sulawesi. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Egeler, C.G. (1947)- Contribution to the petrology of the metamorphic rocks of Western Celebes. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Explorations of the Island of Celebes, North Holland Publ. Co., p. 177-346. (Widespread young 'alpine' granodioritic intrusions of W Sulawesi caused intense plutonic contact metamorphism, which was superimposed over older regional metamorphism) Egeler, C.G. (1949)- On amphibolitic and related rocks from western Celebes and the southern Sierra Nevada, California. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 51, 1, p. 100-105. (On similarities between metamorphic rocks of Sulawesi and Sierra Nevada, California) Egeler, C.G. (1949)- Metamorphic rocks of Kabaena. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 52, 5, p. 551-562. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018668.pdf) (Petrographic descriptions of metamorphic rocks collected by Brouwer in 1929: hornfels, mica-schists, gneiss, amphibolite, amphibolite schist and crystalline limestones. Kabaena high-grade regional metamorphic schists considered to be older than ophiolitic rocks, similar to SE Sulawesi, but not affected by younger glaucophanitic metamorphism as seen in E Sulawesi. However, De Roever (1953) reported glaucophane schist from Kabaena) Elburg, M. & J. Foden (1998)- Temporal changes in arc magma geochemistry, Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 163, p. 381-398. (N Sulawesi Sangihe Arc Late Miocene- Recent volcanics geochemical change through time. Oldest suites mantle source with previous event of melt extraction. Modern lavas, especially volcanic centres far from trench indicate subduction zone component dominated by melt of sedimentary origin. Change from fluid-dominated to melt-dominated subduction zone component may be related to collision between Halmahera and Sangihe arcs. These changes appear superimposed on variable parent magma composition) Elburg, M. & J. Foden (1999)- Sources for magmatism in Central Sulawesi: geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints. Chem. Geol. 156, p. 67-93. (M Miocene- Quaternary magmatism in C Sulawesi show distinct subduction signature. Isotopic signature of lamprophyres interpreted as mixed mantle source with contribution from old sub-continental lithospheric source, from sliver of Australian continent thrust under C Sulawesi. Felsic magmatism likely reflects high degrees of crustal contamination or intracrustal melting) Elburg, M.A. & J. Foden (1999)- Geochemical response to varying tectonic settings: an example from Southern Sulawesi (Indonesia). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63, p. 1155-1172. (S arm Sulawesi active continental margin from ~60 to 10 Ma, when it collided with Buton microcontinent. Precollisional geochemical signature typical of arc volcanics. Syn-collisional samples more enriched isotopic signatures and K-rich, interpreted to reflect larger contribution from subducted sediments, added to mantle wedge as silicic melt. Magmatism that postdates 10 Ma collision reflects melting of subduction-modified mantle with significant contribution from subcontinental lithospheric mantle) Elburg, M.A., V.S. Kamenetsky, I. Nikogosian, J. Foden & A.V. Sobolev (2006)- Co-existing high- and lowcalcium melts identified by mineral and melt inclusion studies of a subduction-influenced syncollisional magma from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Petrology 47, p. 2433-2462. (Mineral and melt inclusions in olivines from Late Miocene (6-9 Ma) mafic silica-undersaturated ultra-potassic volcanic rocks with ‘continental’ Sr isotopic characteristics from southern W Sulawesi Volcanic Province indicate that two distinct melts contributed to its petrogenesis. High-CaO melt typical for subduction-related volcanic rocks, low-CaO melt does not have any obvious rock equivalent) Elburg, M.A., T. Van Leeuwen, J. Foden & Muhardjo (2002)- Origin of geochemical variability by arccontinent collision in the Biru Area, Southern Sulawesi (Indonesia). J. Petrology 43, 4, p. 581-606.


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(Two main Tertiary volcanic episodes in SW Sulawesi: (1) M-L Eocene (~50 Ma) calc-alkaline Langi volcanics, (2) late Early Miocene calc-alkaline and M-L Miocene (15-6.3 Ma) potassic arc volcanics, both presumably related to W-dipping subduction. Also 1.8 Ma volcano farther S, not related to subduction? Miocene volcanics more heterogeneous after Buton microcontinent collision at ~15 Ma. Isotopic ratios more ‘continental’ 4 My after collision) Elburg, M., T. van Leeuwen, J. Foden & Muhardjo (2003)- Spatial and temporal isotopic domains of contrasting igneous suites in western and Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Chemical Geol. 199, p. 243-276. (Paleocene- Pliocene magmatism in NW Sulawesi progression from Older Series with calc-alkaline/ tholeiitic signatures (51-17 Ma) to Younger Series of mafic-intermediate high-K magmas (~14-5 Ma) and felsic K-rich calc-alkaline magmas (9-2 Ma). Younger felsic magmatism reflects melting of Australian origin continental crust. Geochemical progression similar to C Sulawesi and explained by oceanic plate subduction followed by melting of underthrust sliver of Australian microcontinent, the size of which can be estimated from extent of low-Nd-isotope magma (~4°S to 1°N). Underthrusting must have happened prior to 14 Ma, indicating it cannot be equated to Sulawesi- Sula platform collision at 5 Ma. While subduction beneath W Sulawesi ceased prior to onset of potassic magmatism, it continued in N Sulawesi producing calc-alkaline suites) Erlinghagen K.P. (1991)- Petrogenese und geodynamische Entwicklung der Subduktions-Metamorphite von Zentral-Sulawesi, Indonesien. Goettinger Arbeiten Geol. Pal. 52, 103 p. (‘Petrogenesis and geodynamic development of subduction metamorphics of Central Sulawesi’. Analyses of metamorphic rocks and minerals from NE of Lake Poso and W-NW of Poso town. High-pressure metamorphic rocks of C Sulawesi formed as result of oblique subduction in WNW-dipping subduction zone. Metamorphic grade increasing P and T from E to W: lawsonite-blueschist facies of Taripa belt grade W-ward into epidoteblueschist and eclogite facies of Tineba belt. Max. P-T conditions ~11 kbar/ 400-450°C (Taripa) and ~13 kbar/500-570°C (~45km depth; Tineba). Age of peak metamorphism ~60-65 Ma (Paleocene), followed by rapid cooling in Eocene. K-Ar cooling ages of phengite in garnet-mica schist 38.8 Ma (Late Eocene), silicate marble 50.2 Ma (E Eocene). Late metamorphic overprint of lawsonite-blueschist zone suggested by K-Ar ages around 19 Ma, tied to age of intrusives in W and onset of Banggai-Sula collision) Endharto, Mac (2000)- Studi stratigrafi kaitannya dengan perkembangan struktur geologi di Kawasan Latimojong, lengan Barat Sulawesi. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 10, 107, p. ('Study of stratigraphy and relation with structural development of the Latimojong District, W arm of Sulawesi') Endharto, M. & Surono (1991)- Preliminary study of Meluhu Complex related to terrane fomation in Sulawesi. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 340-353. (Review of Sulawesi tectonics and reconstructions of M-L Miocene collisions of Tukang Besi Platform and Banggai Sula with E Sulawesi. Meluhu Complex is NW-SE trending sliver in SE Sulawesi with Late TriassicJurassic fluvial- clastics and marine limestone and black shale. Discussed in more detail in subsequent Surono papers; HvG) Evans, M.J. (1991)- Geological field survey of onshore PSC and adjacent areas, Sulawesi, Indonesia, with specific reference to Eocene reservoir quality and distribution. BP Petroleum Indonesia Report, p. (Unpublished, but commonly used geological survey report of W Sulawesi basins) Frenzel, A. (1881)- Mineralogisches aus dem Ostindischen Archipel, 8. Celebes. Zeitschr. Kristall., Min. Petrogr. 3, 4, p. 289-300. ('Mineralogic data from the East Indies Arhipelago- 8. Celebes'. Mainly on petrography of volcanic rocks from Sulawesi. Incl. first(?) description of Eocene Nummulites limestone from S Sulawesi) Fornasiero, M. (2001)- Eocene molluscs species known from Nanggulan (Java) newly found in Malawa (Sulawesi). Mem. Scienze Geol., Padova, 53, p. 57-60. (Eight mollusc species in Malawa, NE of Makassar, SW Sulawesi, also occur in M Eocene of Nanggulan, C Java and are all Tethyan species not known from Australian Plate. Outcrops believed to be Middle Miocene chaotic deposits with large olistoliths of Middle Eocene marls, possibly part of accretionary prism)


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Gani, M.U.A. (1997)- Karakteristik batu marmer di daerah Bulupanampu Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 899-912. ('Characterization of marble rock in the area of Bulupanampu, Maros District, S Sulawesi') Gani, M.U.A. & H. Soetjito (1999)- Coal ash characteristization of Tondongkurah coal, Pangkajene, South Sulawesi. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 293-300. Gani, M.U.A., H. Soetjijo & S. Indro (1996)- Karakterisasi dan kualitas pemanfaatan batubara Tondongkurah, Pangkajene Sulawesi Selatan. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 313-324. ('Characterization and quality of Tondongkurah coal, Pangkajene, S Sulawesi') Garrard, R.A., D. Silalahi, D. Schiller & P. Mahodim (1989)- Sengkang Basin, South Sulawesi. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Post Convention Field Trip Guidebook, Jakarta, 46 p. (SW Sulawesi fieldtrip guide book) Garrard, R.A., G. Nusatriyo & D.Q. Coffield (1992)- The prospectivity of Early Tertiary rift sequences in the Neogene foldbelts of South Sulawesi. In: Eastern Indonesian Exploration Symposium, Jakarta, April 1992, 12p. Garwin, S.L., D. Hendri & P.F. Lauricella (1995)- The geology of the Mesel sediment-hosted gold deposit, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: J.L. Mauk & J.D. St George (eds.) Exploring the Rim, Proc. PACRIM 1995 Congr., Auckland, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, Publ. Ser. 9/95, p. 221-226. Girardeau, J., C. Monnier, R. Maury, M. Villeneuve, D. Soetisma & H. Samodra (1995)- Origin of the East Sulawesi ophiolite. Abstracts, Eighth Regional Conf. Geology, Minerals and Energy Res. SE Asia GEOSEA 95, 8, p. 51-52. Gisolf, W.F. (1917)- Beschrijving van een microscopisch onderzoek van gabbro's en amfibolieten, herkomstig van Midden-Celebes. Thesis University of Delft, 141 p. (‘Description of microscopic investigations of gabbros and amphibolites from C Sulawesi’. Incl. rocks from Latimojong Complex) Gisolf, W.F. (1917)- Petrografie van Midden-Celebes. Microscopisch onderzoek van de gesteenten der MiddenCelebes verzameling van E.C. Abendanon. In: E.C Abendanon, E.C. (1917) Geologische en geographische doorkruisingen van Midden-Celebes (1909-1910), E.J. Brill, Leiden, vol. 3, p. 1017-1381. (Petrography of rocks from C Sulawesi collected by Abendanon. Mainly igneous (granites, gabbros, peridotites, trachytes, andesites, etc.) and metamorphic (gneiss, eclogite, amphibolite, jadeite, quartzite, etc.) rocks ) Gisolf, W.F. (1919)- Lawsonite en epidoot in de schisten van het Latimojong gebergte, Celebes. Handelingen 17th Nederl. Natuurk.- Geneeskundig Congres, Leiden 1919, p. 422-424. ('Lawsonite and epidote in the schists of the Latimojong Mountains, Sulawesi') Gisolf, W.F. (1924)- Mikroskopisch onderzoek van gesteenten uit Zuidoost Selebes. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Oost Indie 53, Verhand., p. 66-113. (‘Microscopic investigations of rocks from SE Sulawesi’. Brief descriptions of igneous (granites peroditites, serpentinites, volcanics), metamorphic (mica-schists, phyllites, gneiss, amphibolite, glaucophane schist, eclogite, quartzite) and sedimentary (sandstone, limestone, shales, radiolarian chert) rocks collected by Julius and other geologists. Localities poorly described, no locality maps) Golightly, J.P. (1979)- Geology of Soroako nickeliferous laterite deposits. In: D.J.I. Evans et al. (eds.) International Laterite Symposium, New Orleans, Soc. Mining Eng. AIME, p. 38-56. Gomez, J.M., R. Madariaga, A. Walpersdorf & E. Chalard (2000)- The 1996 earthquakes in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bull. Seismol. Soc. America 90, 3, p. 739-751.


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(1996 earthquakes in relay zone between N Sulawesi trench and Palu-Koro transcurrent fault. Slip vectors NNW orientation parallel to direction of convergence between N Sulawesi arm and Celebes Sea) Grainge, A.M. & K.G. Davies (1983)- Reef exploration in the East Sengkang Basin, Sulawesi. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 207-227. (East Sengkang Basin Late Miocene reefs in outcrop and as shallow gas-bearing Late Miocene reefs in the N part of basin. Four separate accumulations containing about 0.75 TCF of dry gas in place at an average depth of 700 m. Kampung Baru is the largest field and contains over half the total. Reservoir quality excellent. Gas was probably generated in W Sengkang Basin and sub-sequently migrated into the East Sengkang Basin) Grainge, A.M. & K.G. Davies (1985)- Reef exploration in the East Sengkang Basin, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 2, p. 142-155. (Shallow, gas-bearing Upper Miocene reefs in N part Sengkang basin, with Kampung Baru as largest field. Lower Miocene mudstones and limestones unconformable over Eocene volcanics acoustic basement. Two M Miocene periods of deformation and erosion. Late Miocene widespread carbonate deposition with platform limestones and pinnacle reef complexes. Reef growth ceased at end Miocene and clastic sedimentation covered irregular limestone surface. Walanae sinistral strike-slip fault zone separates E and W Sengkang Basins) Gunawan, W. (1999)- Structure, stratigraphie et evolution de la partie centrale de Sulawesi (Indonesie orientale). Doct. Thesis Universite de Aix-Marseille, p. 1-283. (Sulawesi is area of collision between Eurasian and Gondwanan blocks. Three main events: (1) collision of Asia- Banda Blocks (= E Sulawesi) in Late Oligocene, (2) collision of Banda- Lucipara blocks in M Miocene and (3) collision of Banggai-Sula and Sulawesi in M Pliocene. C Sulawesi marks collision between Asia and Banda blocks, with obduction of ophiolite nappe of Asian origin over E Sulawesi block. E Sulawesi block sedimentary cover starts with Triassic reefal/ platform carbonates followed by Early Jurassic platform interior carbonates, Lower Cretaceous radiolarites and Upper Cretaceous –Oligocene pelagic limestones. High P- low T metamorphism during W-directed subduction in Early Oligocene. Western active margin has substrate metamorphosed in Aptian- Albian, overlain by Upper Cretaeous- Pliocene volcano-sedimentary formations, and deforemed by thrusting during Oligocene collision, possibly followed by a Middle Miocene event also known from Buton island) Guntoro, A. (1995)- Tectonic evolution and crustal structure of the Central Indonesian region from geology, gravimetry and other geophysical data. Ph.D. Thesis, University College London, 335p. (Unpublished) Guntoro, A. (1996)- Seismic interpretation and gravity models of Bone Bay in relation to its evolution. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 3, p. 349-369. Guntoro, A. (1997)- Stratigrafi dan evolusi tektonik Pulau Tanahjampea dan sekitarnya, Kabupaten Selayar, Sulawesi Selatan. Berita Sediment. 4, p. (‘Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Tanahjampea Island, Selayar, S Sulawesi’) Guntoro, A. (1997)- Preliminary study of the geology and tectonics of the Flores Sea islands, South Sulawesi. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 291-313. (Islands S of SW Sulawesi (Selayae, Bonerate and Kalaotoa groups) poorly known. Similar stratigraphy to SW Sulawesi. Extensive volcanic and tectonic activity since Eocene. Tanahjampea and Tanahmalala islands mainly SW Sulawesi-like granite, also andesites, rhyolites, etc., possibly overlain by Batu Fm limestone with large Lepidocyclina. Suggesting the W-dipping subduction zone E of W Sulawesi in the Early Tertiary continued to the E of these islands. Kalao island uplifted coral reefs on andesite. Bonarate, Kalaotoa islands also with uplifted Quaternary reefal limestones) Guntoro, A. (1999)- The effect of collision of the Banggai-Sula microcontinent to the tectonic development in Central Indonesian region. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA '98, Kuala Lumpur 1998, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 103-111. (No data on Banggai-Sula. More about Bone Bay, which rifted due to Bangai-Sula collision)


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Guntoro, A. (2004)- The relationship between tectonic development of Central Indonesian region and collision of Banggai-Sula microcontinent to the east Sulawesi. Jurnal Tekn. Mineral 11, 1, p. (Central Indonesia with major faults indicating extension, compression and inversion. Gravity data indicate presence of oceanic crust in middle of Makassar Straits and Bone Bay, related to rifting. Driving mechanism of rifting in Makassar Strait is subduction roll-back of Pacific Plate E-ward since early Tertiary. Rifting in Bone Bay due to collision of Banggai-Sula Microcontinent against Sulawesi causing displacement and rotation of two major faults, Walanae and Palu-Koro) Guritno, N., D.Q. Coffield & R.A. Cook (1996)- Structural development of central South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.1, p. 253-266. (S Sulawesi stratigraphy: pre-Tertiary basement, Eocene synrift, Oligo-Miocene post-rift, M Miocene synmagmatic, and Late Miocene-Pliocene synorogenic sedimentary packages. E part hinterland of exposed Cretaceous basement in W-vergent thrust system. W of basement outcrops is basement-involved, W-vergent Kalosi fold-thrust, with exposed Paleogene sediments. Further W shortening thin-skinned Majene foreland foldthrust belt. S Sulawesi is W-vergent orogen superimposed on M Miocene magmatic arc. Bone Bay is continentcontinent suture recently disrupted by transtensional wrenching and collapse of orogen's eastern extremity. SE Sulawesi E-vergent portion of orogen with allochtonous ophiolite nappes from continent-continent suture. Leading edge of orogen along Banda Sea W margin) Hadiwijoyo, S., D. Sukarna & K. Sutisna (1993)- Geology of the Pasangkayu Quadrangle, Sulawesi. (Quad. 2014), 1: 250,000, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 19p. (W Sulawesi map between 1-2°S. Oldest rocks ?Triassic metamorphics, unconformably overlain by lowmetamorphic Upper Cretaceous clastics, overlain by Oligocene and E Miocene Lamasi andesitic-dacitic volcanics. Unconformably overlain by M-L Miocene Talaya andesitic-basaltic series and Late MiocenePliocene molasse. Oil seep at Doda. Unlike areas to S, no Eocene rocks present) Haile N S (1974)- An unusual unconformity of radiolarian chert on schist and gneiss west of Pangkajene, SW arm, Sulawesi (Celebes). Geol. Soc. Malaysia-Kesatuan Kajibumi Malaysia, Newsletter 52, p. 21-22. Haile, N.S. (1978)- Reconnaissance palaeomagnetic results from Sulawesi, Indonesia, and their bearing on palaeogeographic reconstruction. Tectonophysics 46, p. 77-85. (SW Sulawesi Jurassic radiolarian chert rotated ~35° CCW since Late Mesozoic. E Cretaceous radiolarian chert formed at ~3° and may have formed single plate with Kalimantan and Malay Peninsula, which rotated ~35-50° CCW since Cretaceous. Jurassic cherts from SE Sulawesi formed at high latitude (61°S)) Haile, N.S., A.J. Barber & D.J. Carter (1979)- Mesozoic cherts on crystalline schists in Sulawesi and Timor. J. Geol. Soc. London 136, p. 65-70. (Non-metamorphosed Jurassic or Early Cretaceous pelagic radiolarian chert deposited unconformably on brecciated gneiss (Bantimala Complex?; HvG) in Pangkajene valley, SW Sulawesi. Cherts associated with deep water lithic sandstones, with grains of mica schist, muscovite, altered ultramafic rock, rare garnet and tourmaline. Very similar rocks on Timor suggest Sulawesi and Timor probably part of continuous terrain during deposition of radiolarian cherts) Halim, A. & D. Heru (2003)- Successful extreme underbalance perforation in exploration well Donggi Gas Field, Sulawesi. In: SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf. Jakarta 2003, 5p. Handiwiria, Y.E. (1990)- The stratigraphy and hydrocarbon occurrences of the Salodik Group, Tomori PSC area, East Arm of Sulawesi. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 69-98. (Overview by Union Texas of Eocene- Miocene carbonate-rich Salodik Group. Eocene Tomori Fm in Tiaka wells with Lacazinella. Tiaka 2 well TD in granite and schist, with K-Ar date of 224 =/- 9 Ma = ~Carnian) Harahap, B.H. (1995)- Petrology of the Neogene subvolcanic rocks from the western part of South Sulawesi. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 18, p. 68-85.


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(Neogene K-rich volcanics in SW Sulawesi) Harahap, B.H. (1999)- Asal lava bantal Salu Latupa, Latimojong, Sulawesi Selatan. Majalah Geol. Indon. 15, 12, p. 25-38. ('Genesis of Salu Latupa pillow lava, Latimojong, S Sulawesi') Harahap, B.H. (2000)- Petrologi lava basaltik dari jalan raya antara Palopo dan Rantepao, Sulawesi selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 10, 101, p. 2-9. ('Petrology of basaltic lava from the main road between Palopo and Rantepao, S Sulawesi') Harahap, B.H. (2000)- Kejadian Rijang Paring Sulawesi Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 10, 105, p. 2-11. Harahap, B.H. (2000)- Petrologi lava dan korok basalt dari Walenrang, Sulawesi. Proc. Ann. Conv. Indonesian Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 4, p. 179-189. Harahap, B.H. (2002)- Ofiolit di Pegunungan Latimojong Sulawesi bagian selatan dan implikasi geodinamika dalam tatanan tektonik dan stratigrafi regional Sulawesi. Bul. Geologi (ITB) 34, 1. p. 1-20. ('Ophiolite of the Latimojong Mts, S Sulawesi and geodynamic implications for the regional tectonic and stratigraphic history of Sulawesi') Harahap, B.H. (2004)- Plio-Pleistocene volcanic rocks from Tanatoraja South Sulawesi. Majalah Geol. Indonesia 19, 2, p. 81-90. Hardjadinata, K. (1992)- Beberapa aspek lapangan batuan vulkanik daerah Gorontalo, Sulawesi Utara. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral 2, 6, p. 4-8. (‘Some aspects of the volcanic rocks of the Gorontalo area, northern Sulawesi’) Hardjana, I. (2011)- The discovery, geology and exploration of the high sulphidation Au-mineralization system in the Bakan District, North Sulawesi. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 161-188.

Harju, H.O. (1979)- Exploration of P.T. INCO's nickel laterite deposits in Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: D.J.I. Evans et al. (eds.) Int. Laterite symposium, Am. Inst. Min., Metall. Pet. Eng., New York, p. 292-299. Haryono, A. Susilo, E. Purnomo & Tasiat (2002)- Donggi gas discovery of Matindok in Banggai Basin Sulawesi: a success story by using a new G & G approach. In: F.H. Sidi & A. Setiawan (eds.) Proc. Giant Field and New exploration concepts seminar, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 2002, p. 6-18. (On 2001 Donggi-1 gas discovery in Miocene carbonate buildup in Matindok Block, Banggai Basin, E Sulawesi. Net gas column 134m ) Hasan, K. (1990)- The Upper Cretaceous flysch succession of the Balangbaru Formation, Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 336 p. (Upper Cretaceous (Turonian-Maastrichtian) Balangbaru Fm ~3300m of deep marine flysch, unconformably over accretionary complex. Not internally deformed, only slight E tilt. Palaeocurrent of gravity flows mainly from NW to SE and W to E. Provenance in lower part mainly metamorphic lithics and chert from accretionary complex, upper part influenced by magmatic arc provenance. Tectonic setting small fore-arc basin on trench slope. Basement complex uplifted from significant depth prior to deposition of Balangbaru Fm, thus preventing transport of volcaniclastics into basin) Hasan, K. (1991)- The Upper Cretaceous flysch succession of the Balangbaru Formation, Southwest Sulawesi. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 183-208. (Summary paper of above thesis)


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Hasan, K., R. Garrard & P. Mahodim (1991)- SW Sulawesi, Post-convention field trip guidebook. Indonesian Petroleum Association, p. 1-61. (Balangbaru area of SW Sulawesi Albian (111, 115 Ma) age metamorphics. Late Cretaceous (TuronianMaastrichtian) Balangbaru flysch 3300m thick, unconformably over fractured ultrabasic rocks. Uplift/ erosion event followed by Eocene fluvio-deltaics and Nummulites limestones, overlain by up to 500m Late Eocene- E Miocene Tonasa Limestone) Hasanusi, D., R. Abimayu, E. Artono & A. Baasir (2004)- Prominent Senoro gas field discovery in Central Sulawesi. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 177-197. (Senoro gas field 1999 discovery in S part of E arm of Sulawesi. Reserves of 3.7 TCF gas and 65 MB condensate. Three play types in Tomori area: Miocene carbonate buildups, wrench-fault anticlines and thrustsheet anticlinal structures. Two potential hydrocarbon sources: Jurassic and Miocene marine shales and coals. Geochemical analyses indicate seeps and oils and gas from wells relate to E-M Miocene rocks. Hydrocarbon generation commenced in E-M Pliocene due to Pliocene sedimentation and loading by thrust sheets. Some remigration of hydrocarbons due to regional basin tilting caused by uplifting of fold belt in Pleistocene) Hasanusi, D., E. Adhitiawan, A. Baasir, L. Lisapaly & R. van Eykenhof (2007)- Seismic inversion as an exciting tool to delineate facies distribution in Tiaka carbonate reservoirs, Sulawesi- Indonesia. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-008, 13 p. (Tiaka field produces oil from E Miocene Tomori limestone, while limited gas bearing zones can be found in ML Miocene Minahaki limestone. Six oil wells and one dry well drilled. Seismic inversion confirmed dry well was drilled in tight limestone area, while oil wells were drilled in porous limestone area) Hasanusi, D. & M. Petricola (2006)- A surprise discovery using cased hole logs in the Tiaka Field. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-VSL-05, 8p. (Discovery of new gas sand behind casing in M-L Miocene Minahaki Fm ?Limestone in Tiaka Field) Hasanusi, D. & A. Priyantoro (2011)- Diagenetic events as the controlling improvement reservoir quality of the carbonate reservoirs in the Senoro field and surrounding areas, Banggai-Sula basin, Central Sulawesi. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-028, 20 p. (On reservoir quality and diagenesis of M-U Miocene Mentawa Mb reefal build-ups (common recrystallization and dissolution, creating good porosity- permeability) and Minahaki Fm 'platform carbonate' (composed of deeper water globigerinid limestones; good porosity but low permeability)) Hasibuan, F. (2001)- Ostrea (Turkostrea) doidoiensis n.sp. from the Middle Eocene of Malawa Formation, South Sulawesi. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta 2001, p. 191-194. (New oyster species from M Eocene Malawa Fm that unconformably overlie Late Cretaceous Balangbary flysch in Doidoi village, S of Ralla, S Sulawesi. O. (T.) doidoiensis) is from basal marine beds above the two coal beds of Malawa Fm and is associated with gastropods, solitary corals ond other bivalves) Hasibuan, F. (2009)- Lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Malawa, Sulawesi Selatan berdasarkan kandungan makro fosil. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 19, 2, p. 95-106. (‘Environment of deposition of the Malawa Fm, S Sulawesi based on macrofssils'. Four M Eocene stratigraphic units with molluscs. Environments mangrove swamp, fluvial, lagoon- sandbars and deltaic) Hasibuan, F. & A. Kusworo (2008)- Umur Formasi Nambo di Sulawesi Tengah dengan acuan khusus fosil Moluska. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 18, 1, p. 43-54. (‘Age of the Nambo Fm in C Sulawesi based on fossil molluscs’. Nambo Fm near Luwuk 50m thick calcareous shale of latest Jurassic/ Tithonian age with macrofossils including Retroceramus (R.) haasti, Malayomaorica malayomaorica, Belemnopsis mangolensis, B. stolleyi, B. aucklandica simitis, B. moluccana and B. galoi. Similar to upper part of Buya Fm of Sula islands)


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Hasibuan, F. & A. Limbong (2009)- Geologi dan paleontologi Formasi Balangbaru dan Formasi Marada berumur Kapur, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 19, 6, p. 365-376. ('Geology and paleontology of Cretaceous (Albian (Turonian?)- Maastrichtian) Balangbaru and Marada formations, S Sulawesi'. Balangbaru Fm turbiditic series macrofossils include echinoids, bivalve Inoceramus sp. and ammonite Grossouvreites sp.. Marada Fm with trace fossil Spirorhaphe sp. and Turonian- Late Maastrichtian nannofossil assemblages) Hasibuan, F., Sudijono, A. Limbong, Suyoko & E.H. Nugroho (1996)- Data baru umur Formasi Nambo, Sulawesi Tengah. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 52-70. ('New data on the age of the Nambo Fm, E Sulawesi') Helmers, H. (1991)- Sulawesi blueschists and subduction along the Sunda continent, an alternative view. In: Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium on the dynamics of subduction and its products, Yogyakarta 1991, Indon. lnst. Science, Res. Dev. Centre for Geotechnology (LIPI), p. 220-223. (Alternative scenario for development of 600 km long belt of blueschist (= high P- low T metamorphic continental rocks) in E Sulawesi. Blueschist metamorphism age ~28 Ma, cooling ages 22.5-16 Ma, and older than Banggai-Sula and Tukang Besi collisions. Tied to obduction related to Oligocene rotation of Borneo. Early Miocene extension enabled rise of blueschist and created Gulf of Bone- Lake Poso depressions) Helmers, H., P. Maaskant & T.H.D. Hartel (1990)- Garnet peridotite and associated high-grade rocks from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Lithos 25, p. 171-188. (Garnet peridotite and associated granulite-facies contact rocks from along Palu-Koro strike-slip fault (uplifted lower crustal rocks)) Helmers, H., J. Sopaheluwakan, E. Surya Nila & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1989)- Blueschist evolution in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, p. 373-381. (SE Sulawesi blueschists graphite-mica schists and metabasites of MORB-affinity, latter increasing to S and part of 600 km N-S belt of blueschists. After fast burial during subduction rocks recrystallized at high P (10.5 kbar)- low T ~400°C). Exhumation started immediately; rocks moved to 400°C/ 2-3 kbar on normal thermal gradient in few million years. Lack of radiometric age determinations prevents geotectonic modeling) Hendri, D. & M.C. Farmer (1997)- The discovery of the Mesel sediment hosted gold deposit, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: Proc. Conf. New Generation Gold Mines '99, case histories of discovery, Perth 1997, AMF, Adelaide, p. 5.1-5.13. (Example of sediment-hosted, disseminated gold deposit in Mesel in Late Miocene limestone in N Sulawesi) Hendri, D. & M.C. Farmer (1997)- The discovery of the Mesel sediment hosted gold deposit, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 119-131. (Same paper as above on Mesel sediment-hosted, disseminated gold deposit) Hetzel, W.H. (1930)- Over de geologie der eilanden in de Flores-Zee. De Mijningenieur 11, 3, p. 53-56. (‘On the geology of the islands in the Flores Sea’. On islands S of SW arm of Sulawesi. Jampea oldest rocks alkaline and calc-alkaline rocks, partly covered by limestone, etc.) Hetzel, W.H. (1932)- De geologie van het eiland Wowoni. Geological Survey Bandung report(?). p. (Unpublished) (‘The geology of Wowoni Island’) Hetzel, W.H. (1935)- Enkele kritische aantekeningen bij een recente publicatie over de geologie van den Oost arm van Celebes. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 4, p. 29-31. (Brief critique of Von Loczy (1934) paper on E Sulawesi, noticing inconsistencies and unjustified conclusions) Hirschi, H. (1911)- Lagerstatte von kristallisiertem Gold in einem Kalkmassiv zu Totok. Zeitschrift Praktische Geologie 29, p. 213-214.


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('Deposits of crystallized gold in a limestone massif at Totok', N Sulawesi) Hirschi, H. (1913)- Geologische Beobachtungen in Ost-Celebes. Tijdschr. Kon. Aardrijksk. Gen. 30, p. 611618. (‘Geological observations in E Sulawesi’. Summary of 1909 reconnaissance of part of Tomini Bay coastal area and traverse NW from Tomori Bay. Between Bongka Koi and Podi folded ‘Celebes Molasse’ with coral limestone breccias with well-preserved Lepidocyclina (suggests Celebes Molasse partly as old as Miocene; HvG). Molasse overlies serpentinized volcanics and diabase, with clasts including gabbro, serpentinite, etc.) Hofstra, A.H. & O.D. Christensen (2002)- Comparison of Carlin-type Au deposits in the United States, China, and Indonesia: implications for genetic models and exploration. In: S.G. Peters (ed.) Geology, geochemistry and geophysics of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits in P.R. China, USGS Open-File Report 02-131, Chapter 2, p. 62-94. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-131/chapters/OF02-131_chapter2.pdf) (Includes data on Mesel Au deposit in N Sulawesi iland arc setting, a 'Carlin-type' disseminated gold mineralization in M Miocene Ratatotok Limestone) Hornaday, W.T., R.A. de Boer, J.N. Grant, N. Nastiti & P. Astono (1996)- Sengkang Basin (SW Sulawesi). In: Pertamina/BKKA (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Indonesian basins, VII, Jakarta, p. 1-34. (Overview of the mainly Neogene Sengkang Basin of SW Sulawesi. With series of Eocene- Pliocene paleogeographic maps of SW Sulawesi) Hotz, W. (1913)- Vorlaufige Mitteilung uber geologische Beobachtungen in Ost-Celebes. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges., Monatsber. 65, 6, p. 329-334. (‘Preliminary note on geological observations in E Sulawesi’. Summary of 1912 survey at southern coastal area of East arm of Sulawesi. First report of Mesozoic rocks in East arm of Sulawesi: probably Jurassic-age bluegrey bearing marls with common belemnites near Lontio village, probably in core of anticline in area dominated by Tertiary beds. Upper Bongka River near drainage divide red cherty limestones and Nummulites limestones) Hovig, P. (1918)- Contactmetamorfe ijzerertsen aan de Salo Talimbangan en de Salo Pebatoean (Centraal Celebes). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 45 (1916), Verh. 2, p. 25- 38. ('Contactmetamorphic iron ores along Talambingan and Pebatoean rivers (C Sulawesi)'. Granodioritic intrusive into probably Eocene age interbedded shale-limestone, with magnetite-hematite mineralization in limestones of contact zone, 12 km from Rante Pao) Hufenbach, C. (1992)- Petrogenetische und Tektonische Entwicklung des Ophiolith-Komplexes von OstSulawesi, ein Beispiel fur die Obduktion ozeanischer Kruste. Doct. Thesis Georg-August University, Gottingen, Germany, 120 p. ('Petrogenetic and tectonic development of the ophiolite complex of East Sulawesi; an example of obduction of oceanic crust') Hutubessy, S. (2003)- Pola cekungan dan struktur bawah permukaan di Sulawesi dan sekitarnya berdasarkan analisis data gayaberat. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 13, 135, p. ('Distribution of basins and deep structure of Sulawesi and surroundings based on analysis of gravity data') Idrus, I., A. Imai, A. Makkawaru, Kamrullah, I.W. Warmada, I. Nur & R. Langkoke (2009)- Preliminary study on orogenic deposit type as a source of placer gold at Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. Int. Symp. on Earth Science and Technology, Fukuoka 2009, p. 569-572. (Gold deposits in Indonesia generally in volcanic-related hydrothermal deposits, but recent SE Sulawesi placer gold discoveries tied to gold-bearing quartz veins in metamorphic rocks. Such veins recognized in metamorphic rocks at Wumbubangka Mt (N flank Rumbia Mts) and in Mendoke Mts. (N of Langkowala). This gold deposit called ‘orogenic gold type)


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Idrus, A., I. Nur, I.W. Warmada & Fadlin (2011)- Metamorphic rock-hosted orogenic gold deposit type as a source of Langkowala placer gold, Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi. J. Geol. Indonesia 6, 1, p. 43-49. (Same paper as below) Idrus, A. & S. Prihatmoko (2011)- The metamorphic-hosted gold mineralization at Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi: a new exploration target in Indonesia. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 243-258. Idrus, A., Sufriadin & I. Nur (2011)- Hydrothermal ore mineralization in Sulawesi: a view point of tectonic setting and metallogenesis. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-298, 12p. (Review of the potential and metallogenesis of hydrothermal-related ore deposits, particularly along Neogene magmatic arc of W Sulawesi and Paleozoic metamorphics-hosted arm of SE-Central Sulawesi. W Sulawesi 3 magmatic provinces, each with different magmatic and mineralization characteristics: (1) S Sulawesi with Kalkaline shoshonitic affinity and mainly Pb-Zn-Cu base metal in epithermal veins; (2) C Sulawesi with high-K calc-alkaline affinity and porphyry Mo mineralization; (3) N Sulawesi-Sangihe island arc with low-K-normal calc-alkaline affinity and porphyry Cu-Au and other Au deposits) Idrus, A., I.W. Warmada, I. Nur, Sufriadin, A. Imai, S. Widasaputra, S.I. Marlia, Fadlin & Kamrullah (2010)Metamorphic rock-hosted gold deposit type as a source of Langkowala placer gold, Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-068, 7 p. (Placer gold discovered in 2008 in Langkowala area, SE Sulawesi, interpreted derived from 'orogenic gold': sheared gold-bearing quartz veins, hosted by metamorphic rocks (mica schist, metasediment of Pompangeo Complex in Wumbubangk- Rumbia Mts to S). At least two generations of veins. Similar quartz veins probably in Mendoke Mts at N side of Langkowala area) Imran, A.M. (2000)- Microfacies and diagenesis of the Tertiary Selayar Limestone (Walanae Formation), South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Doct. Thesis, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, 187 p. (Unpublished) Imran, A.M. & R. Koch (2006)- Microfacies development of the Selayar Limestone, South Sulawesi. Proc. 35th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI2006-028, 8p. (Four stages of development distinguished in Late Miocene- Pliocene Selayar Limestone in SE Bulukumba area of SW Sulawesi, ~200 km SE of Makassar. Oldest unit B1 is Late Miocene Amphistegina- Cycloclypeus foram limestone that forms knoll reefs. Three younger units (Pliocene- Pleistocene) form terraces, reflecting PlioPleistocene uplift, and are composed of coral reef and Halimeda algal grainstone facies) Imran, A.M. & R. Koch (2008)- Marine diagenetic history of the Selayar Limestone, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Inform. Tekn. 14, 2, p. 109-117. (Common marine radial fibrous calcite cement in Late Miocene- Pleistocene Selayar Limestone) Jablonski, D., P. Priyono, S. Westlake & O.A. Larsen (2007)- Geology and exploration potential of the Gorontalo Basin, Central Indonesia- Eastern extension of the North Makassar basin? Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., G-083, p. 197-223. (Seismic in Gorontalo basin S of N arm of Sulawesi suggests basin underlain by Eocene rift grabens. Active petroleum system suggested by E-W depocentres, locally >10 km thick, mostly S-ward focused hydrocarbon migration, onshore oil seeps along S edge of basin and AVO anomalies. Potential plays: (1) Older blocks associated with Australian plate rifting and Cretaceous collision with Borneo (2) Eocene rift fault-blocks (3) Oligocene-M Miocene platform carbonates (4) Late Miocene-Pliocene build-ups (5) Late Miocene- Recent lowstand deltas and turbidites (6) Late Miocene-Recent compressional folds associated with collision of Sundaland with Australian plate) Janssen, A.W. (1999)- Euthecosomatous gastropods (Mollusca: Heterobranchia) from Buton (SE Sulawesi, Indonesia), with notes on species from Viti Levu, Fiji; systematics, biostratigraphy. Geol. Mijnbouw 78, 2, p. 179-189.


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(Revision of Pteropoda described by Beets (1943, 1950, 1953) from alleged Late Miocene/E Pliocene asphaltic deposits of Buton. Comparison with Fiji associations suggests Late Miocene (Tortonian- Messinian) age for Buton faunas) Jaya, A. (2001)- Sequence stratigraphy of the Tonasa Limestone, Ralla Section, South Sulawesi. J. Penelitian Enjiniring (JPE) FT-UH, 8, 1, p. 59-68. Jaya, A. (2006)- Facies and sedimentary environment of Camba Formation, Dutungan Area, South Sulawesi. Geosains (Hasanuddin Univ., Makassar) 2, 3, p. 243-256. Jaya, A. & O. Nishikawa (2011)- Deformation microstructures of metamorphic rocks in the Biru area South Sulawesi. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-175, 10 p. (Biru metamorphic rocks in the Biru area, S Sulawesi adjacent West Walanae Fault (WWF). Rocks mainly metabasite, adjacent to Cretaceous Marada Fm sediments. Higher greenschist-amphibolite metamorphic grade. Multiple deformation phases. Schistosity dips 15-52° to SE. Two groups of fold structures: SSW trending tight fold (F1) and ENE-WSW trending gentle-open fold (F2). Jaya, A., Sufriadin & I. Nur (2011)- A short note on sedimentary rocks of the Barru Area, South Sulawesi. Berita Sedim. 22, p. 9-14. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/files/2011/10/...) (On Late Cretaceous-Tertiary stratigraphy of Barru area, SW Sulawesi, ~120km N of Makassar and 3 measured sections at SE side of Barru basement complex: M Eocene Malawa Fm fluvio-deltaic clastics, M-Late Eocene Tonasa Fm mixed clastics and redeposited carbonates, Mio-Pliocene Camba Fm deeper marine volcanoclastics) Jezek, P.A., D.J. Whitford & J.B. Gill (1981)- Geochemistry of recent lavas from the Sangihe- Sulawesi arc. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 383-389. (Sangihe Arc stretches from NE of Sulawesi to N, at W side Molucca Sea. 130-180 km above W dipping Benioff zone that extends to 650 km depth. S sector mainly olivine basalts and pyroxene andesite, N part more hornblende andesites. No evidence of involvement of sediments in lavas) Jugovics, L. (1940)- Der granodiorit von Gorontalo auf Nordcelebes. Foldtani Kozlony 70, p. 163-176, 222231. (‘The granodiorite of Gorontalo on North Sulawesi’) Jugovics, L. (1950)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gesteine von Ost-Celebes. Geol. Hungarica, Ser. Geol. 8, p. 1112. ('Contributions to the knowledge of rocks from East Sulawesi'. Descriptions of igneous rocks collected by Loczy 1928. Mainly ophiolitic basic rocks (gabbro, hartzburgite, serpentinite), some metamophics and volcanics) Jurkovic, I. & I.B. Zalokar (1990)- The copper deposit of Batu Marupa in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Rudarsko Geol. Naftni Zbornik 2, Zagreb, p. 29-33. (Brief description of small abandoned copper mines, exploited by Japanese in WWII in central West Sulawesi) Kadar, A.P. & Sudijono (1993)- Biostratigrafi fosil nanno Tersier Tengah Formasi Tonasa (Penampang Rala), Sulawesi Selatan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 1100-1113. (Nannofossil biostratigraphy of Tonasa Fm in Rala area, S Sulawesi, show Late Eocene- Early Oligocene ages) Kadarusman, A. (2011)- Basement rocks of Sulawesi and their contribution to the metallogenic formation. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 121-130. Kadarusman, A., H.K. Brueckner, H. Yurimoto, C.D. Parkinson & S. Maruyama (2001)- Geochemistry and Sm-Nd dating of garnet peridotites from Central Sulawesi, and its implication to the Neogene collision complex in Eastern Indonesia. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2001, T52D-08, 1p. (Abstract only)


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(Small garnet-bearing peridotites on Sulawesi in two regions in strike-slip fault zones: Palu-Koro fault zone and right-lateral Ampana fault in Bongka river valley juxtaposed against E Sulawesi ophiolite. P-T time plot suggests prograde subduction zone peridotite. Sm-Nd ages 27-20 Ma. 27 Ma probably peak metamorphism and 20 Ma cooling age. Ultramafic rocks most likely metamorphosed to garnet- assemblages during Late Oligocene- Early Miocene continent-continent collision in C Sulawesi. Due to buoyancy peridotites uplifted within Neogene metamorphic complex) Kadarusman, A., S. Miyashita, S. Maruyama & A. Ishikawa (2002)- The East Sulawesi Ophiolite: the acccreted Cretaceous huge ophiolite massif formed by Southwest Pacific superplume. Abstract Superplume Workshop, Tokyo, 4p. (Online at http://192.129.24.144/licensed_materials/10069/free/conferen/superplu/..) (Ophiolite complexes of W and C Indonesia (i.e. Java, Kalimantan) of`Tethyan provenance, those in E Indonesia probably parts of Circum-Pacific ophiolite belt. E Sulawesi Ophiolite tectonically dismembered, >15 km thick ophiolite sequence from mantle peridotite to mafic cumulate, gabbro, sheeted dolerites and basaltic volcanics. Geochemistry suggests oceanic plateau origin, may have originated in SW Pacific Superplume. Ages Paleogene (60-32 Ma; termination of generation of oceanic lithosphere?) and Cretaceous (79-137 Ma; first generation of oceanic lithosphere ?). Obduction onto Sundaland ~30 Ma (age of metamorphic sole) Kadarusman, A., S. Miyashita, S. Maruyama, C.D. Parkinson & A. Ishikawa (2004)- Petrology, geochemistry and paleogeographic reconstruction of the East Sulawesi ophiolite, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 392, p. 55-83. (E Sulawesi Ophiolite (ESO) tectonically dismembered and widely distributed in C and E Sulawesi. Comprises, from base: mantle peridotite, gabbro, sheeted dolerites and basaltic volcanic rocks. Possible oceanic plateau origin (15 km thick). Possible Cretaceous origin of oceanic plateau component indicated on basis of calculated paleopositions using plate trajectory analyses together with published paleolatitude data) Kadarusman, A. & C.D. Parkinson (2000)- Petrology and P-T evolution of garnet peridotites from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Metamorphic Geol. 18, 2, p. 193-209. (Alpine-type garnet-bearing peridotites associated with E Cretaceous (140-115 Ma) quartzo-feldspathic gneisses of in two areas of Sulawesi (Palu-Koro fault and outcrops juxtaposed against gabbros and peridotites of E Sulawesi ophiolite in right-lateral Ampana fault). Final exhumation from upper crustal levels facilitated by entrainment in Neogene granitic plutons, and/or Oligocene trans-tension in deep-seated strike–slip fault zones) Kadarusman, A., T. van Leeuwen & R. Soeria-Atmadja (2005)- Discovery of eclogite in the Palu region of Central Sulawesi and its implication for the tectonic evolution of Sulawesi. Majalah Geol. Indon. 20, 2, Spec. Ed., p. 80-89. (Eclogite and other high-grade metamorphic rocks in float in Palu-Koro fault valley. Proposed history: (1) Early Tertiary conversion of of oceanic lithosphere into eclogite after subduction to ~60km below Sundaland; (2) Late Oligocene- Early Miocene collision between microcontinent and Sundaland margin incorporated eclogite fragments into upper plate; (3) latest Miocene- Pliocene rapid uplift after Banggai-Sula collision) Kadarusman, A., T. van Leeuwen & J. Sopaheluwakan (2011)- Eclogite, peridotite, granulite and associated high-grade rocks from the Palu region, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: an example of mantle and crust interaction in a young orogenic belt. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-379, 10 p. (On high-grade metamorphic rocks in Palu-Koro area. Formed at great depth during collision event between Sundaland and underthrusted Australian continnental fragment sometime Late Eocene- Early Miocene) Katili, J.A. (1970)- Additional evidence of transcurrent faulting in Sumatra and Sulawesi. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geology and Mining, Bandung, 3, 3, p. 15-28. Katili, J.A. (1977)- Past and present geotectonic position of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 317-332. (Early plate tectonic model for Sulawesi proposing Sulawesi- Kalimantan collision in Early Pliocene, followed by post-Pliocene Makassar Straits extension. Timing of various events described probably wrong; HvG)


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Katili, J.A. (1978)- Past and present geotectonic position of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 45, p. 289322. (Outdated overview of events shaping Sulawesi geology: Banda Sea= trapped old Indian Ocean crust, Sulawesi Sea= old trapped Pacific crust, opening of Makassar straits in Quaternary, etc.) Katili, J.A., L. Kartaadiputra & Surio (1963)- Magma type and tectonic position of the Una-Una Island, Indonesia. Bull. Volcanology 26, 1, p. 431-454. (Una-Una rocks differ from other volcanoes in Indonesia:K-rich, medium alkaline, transitional between trachytes and andesites. This volcano lies outside orogenic belt , probably at intersection of two basement fissures of NE-SW and SE-NW directions. Extinct volcanism in Togean ridge) Kavalieris, I. (1984)- The geology and geochemistry of the Gunung Pani gold prospect, North Sulawesi. M.Sc. Thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, 450 p. (Unpublished thesis on N Sulawesi gold mineralization associated with Mio-Pliocene intrusives, initially surveyed in 1920's) Kavalieris, I., T.M. van Leeuwen & M. Wilson (1992)- Geological setting and styles of mineralisation, North arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. SE Asian Earth Sci. 7, p. 113-129. (Sulawesi N arm Neogene island arc on Paleogene volcanic-sedimentary basement, underlain by oceanic crust. Sulawesi neck metamorphic rocks and felsic granitoids belong to Sundaland continental margin. N Sulawesi Arc two stages, separated by gap 13- 9.5 Ma, reflecting collision of N arm with Sula Platform microcontinent in M Miocene. E Miocene calc-alkaline arc due to W-directed subduction. Arc-continent collision resulted in back-arc thrusting, clockwise rotation of N arm, and inception of subduction along N Sulawesi Trench. Postcollisional magmatism in N Sulawesi Arc produced felsic-mafic volcanic suites related to rifting of former arc rather than subduction. Sulawesi Neck Dondo suite potassic granites of continental affinity. N arm rel. well mineralized. Porphyry Cu-Au mineralization at ~2-4 Ma in oceanic terrane following collision-related arc reversal and Mo mineralization in continental terrane that underwent lower crustal melting during extension following same collision. Cogenetic granites exposed over 5000 km2 and intruded in arcuate belt, more than 400 km long, parallel to Sula Platform collision zone) Kavalieris, I., J.L. Walshe, S. Halley & B.P. Harrold (1990)- Dome-related gold mineralization in the Pani Volcanic complex, North Sulawesi, Indonesia: a study of geologic relations, fluid inclusions and chloritic compositions. Econ. Geol. 85, p. 1208-1225. (Gold mineralization at Gunung Pani prospect in N Sulawesi related to Miocene or younger rhyodacitic volcanic center, which overlies and partly intrudes hornblende-biotite granodiorite and Eocene(?) basaltic volcanics) Koolhoven, W.C.B. (1930)- Verslag over een verkenningstocht in de Oostarm van Celebes en de Banggai Archipel. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Indie 58 (1929), Verhand., p. 187-225. (‘Reconnaissance survey of Sulawesi E arm and Banggai Archipelago’. E Sulawesi isoclinally folded (Ndipping) Eocene limestones- sst and E Miocene limestones/ marls (Oligocene absent), overthrusted by ophiolites, both unconformably overlain by Pliocene ‘Celebes molasse’. No crystalline basement. Small outcrops of underlying Jurassic? with belemnites (Cenomanian; Silver et al. 1983). In North ophiolites overlain by ?Miocene diabase, tuff, andesite. Several oil seeps in Pliocene Celebes Molasse, some with nonflammable, H2S-bearing gas, and also in gabbro in S. Babason. Eocene Nummulitic limestone with Lacazina and Alveolina wichmanni (p. 202 ‘known only from New Guinea and E Celebes’). Quaternary limestones along S coast of E arm up to 500m uplift, little or none along N coast) Koolhoven, W.C.B. (1932)- De geologie van het Malili terrein (Midden Celebes). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 59 (1930), Verhand. 3, p. 127-153. (Description of part of E Sulawesi ophiolite belt and pelagic cover in C Sulawesi Malili area. Peridotites (preCretaceous oceanic crust?), with top zone of 10’s of m thick dynamometamorphic serpentinites intercalated with metamorphics (amphibolite, quartzite, etc.), overlain by Matano series red deep sea clay and Late Cretaceous Discorbina (=Globotruncana) pelagic limestones with radiolarian cherts. No Tertiary sediments)


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Koomans, C. (1935)- Die Trachyten und Andesiten der Togianinseln und Oena-Oena (Niederlandisch OstIndien). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 6, p. 119-122. (‘The trachytes and andesites volcanics of the Togian Islands and Una-Una', Tomini Bay E Sulawesi’) Koperberg, M. (1900)- Jaarverslag van het geologisch mijnbouwkundig onderzoek in de residentie Menado over het jaar 1899. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.- Indie 1900, p. 20-30. ('Annual report on geological-mining investigations in the Menado Residency for the year 1899') Koperberg, M. (1925)- Opmerkingen over de geologie van de residentie Menado. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 312-328. (‘Remarks on the geology of the Menado Residency’, N Sulawesi’) Koperberg, M. (1929)- Bouwstoffen voor de geologie van de Residentie Manado. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.Indie 75 (1928), Verhand. 1, p. 1-397. ('Elements of the geology of the Manado Residency'. Part I of major compilation of geology of N and N Central Sulawesi: Minahasa, Bolaang, E Gorontalo, etc.) Koperberg, M. (1929)- Bouwstoffen voor de geologie van de Residentie Manado. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.Indie 75 (1928), Verhand. 2, p. 1-446. ('Elements of the geology of the Manado Residency'. Parts II (W Gorontalo, Bwool, Pageat, Maoeton, UnaUna) and III (Poso, Todjo areas) of major compilation of N and N Central Sulawesi region geology; incl. UnaUna volcano) Koswara, A., H. Panggabean & D. Sukarna (1994)- Geologic map of the Bonerate sheet, S Sulawesi. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Kundig, E. (1932)- Versuch einer petrographischen Characteristik des kristallinen Grundgebirges von Celebes. Schweiz. Min. Petrogr. Mitt. 12, p. 450-507. (‘Attempt at petrographic characterization of the crystalline basement of Sulawesi’) Kundig, E. (1956)- Geology and ophiolite problems of East-Celebes. Verhand. Kon. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 16 (Memorial volume/Gedenkboek H.A. Brouwer), p. 210-235. (Paper and map of Sulawesi E arm- Togian Islands, summarizing BPM work. Nice cross-sections of SEdirected imbricates of ophiolitic rocks and pelagic Upper Cretaceous limestones. Age of main orogenic phase is M Miocene (ophiolite debris in Upper Miocene ‘Celebes Molasse’). Map shows ophiolite on Togian Islands where GRDC map shows young volcanoclastics) Kurniawan, D., F.F. Baskaraputra, Sugiyanto, A. Baasir, D.H. Febrianto (2011)- Integrated reservoir modeling and characterization of "SNR" Field. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011346, 15p. (Reservoir model of gas field, discovered in 1999 (real name Senoro field) in Late Miocene Mantawa Mb carbonate buildup, Senoro-Toili Block, E Sulawesi) Kusnama & S. Andi Mangga (2007)- Hubungan lingkunan pengendapan Formasi Malawa dan keterdapatan batubara di daerah Soppeng, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 17, 4, p. 218-232. ('Relationship of Malawa Fm depositional environment and coal beds in the Soppeng area, S Sulawesi' M Eocene (- Oligocene?) fluvial Malawa Fm m-c grained quartz sst, shale and claystone in lower part; mudstone and carbonaceous fine- grained sst in upper part. Thickness in Gatareng area ~100 m. Detailed descriptions of several 50-120 cm thick sub-bituminous coal intercalations) Kusnida, D. & Subarsyah (2008)- Deep sea sediment gravity flow deposits in Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 3, 4, p. 217-225. (online at: www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20080404.pdf) (Tomini/ Gorontalo Basin seismic interpretation)


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Kusnida, D., Subarsyah & B. Nirwana (2009)- Basement configuration of the Tomini Basin deduced from marine magnetic interpretation. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 4, 4, p. 269-274. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jurnal20090404.pdf) (Magnetic survey in Tomini Basin (= Gorontalo Basin), E Sulawesi, shows elevated magnetic susceptibility values in centre of basin. Oceanic-like crust with nearly NE-SW symmetric lateral lineation of susceptibility values. At centre E-W trending basin axis, suggests rift-related graben) Kusumayudha, S., Suyoto and Sudarto (1997)- Geology and origin of the Southeast Sulawesi continental terrane, Indonesia. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 961-974. (same as Surono 1998?) Laurent, L. (1926)- Etude sur une plante fossile des depots du Tertiaire marin du Sud de Celebes. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 54 (1925), Verhand. 1, p. 167-190. ('Study on a fossil plant from marine Tertiary deposits of S Sulawesi'. Plant fossils associated with fish fauna in Early Miocene lithographic limestone at Patanuang Asu, NE of Makassar, collected by Brouwer. Mainly shallow marine seaweed Cymodocea micheloti) Lecuyer, F., O. Bellier, A. Gourgaud & P.M. Vincent (1997)- Tectonique active du Nord-Est de Sulawesi (Indonesie) et controle structural de la caldeira de Tondano. Comptes Rend. Acad. Sci., Ser. IIA, Earth Planet. Sci. 325, p. 607-613. ('Active tectonics of NE Sulawesi and structural control on the Tondano caldera'. NE tip Sulawesi field study and SPOT image analyses show distributed active ENE-WSW sinistral strike-slip fault zone. Faulting accommodates N-S movement of Celebes Sea plate and represents transfer fault zone between E end of Celebes Sea subduction and Moluccas Sea subduction zone) Lelono, E.B. (2003)- Tropical Eocene palynomorphs from the Toraja Formation, Kalumpang, South Sulawesi. Lemigas Scientific Contr. 1, p. 8-23. Leterrier, J., Y.S. Yuwono, R. Soeria-Atmadja & R.C. Maury (1990)- Potassic volcanism in Central Java and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, p. 171-187. Lowder, G.G. & J.A.S. Dow (1978)- Geology and exploration of porphyry copper deposits in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Econ. Geol. 37, p. 628-644. (N Sulawesi porphyry copper discoveries in two districts, with several centers of mineralization. More important Tombuililato district high-level quartz diorite porphyry stocks intrude M-U Tertiary island-arc sequence, consisting mainly of andesite and rhyolite. Mineralization and alteration may have occurred at relatively low temperatures (350-400 °C). Tapada district mineralization in dioritic plutons, root zones of high-level stocks whose eroded parts were like deposits exposed at Tombuililato) Lubis, H., S. Prihatmoko & L.P. James (1994)- Bulagidun prospect: a copper, gold and tourmaline bearing porphyry and breccia system in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 50, p. 257-278. (Bulagidun prospect in N Sulawesi characteristic of island-arc porphyry Cu-Au mineralization, although abundant tourmaline is unusual in SW Pacific. Mineralization tied to intrusions into widespread andesitic volcanic rocks (~9.4 Ma)) Lubis, H., S. Prihatmoko & F.E. Nugroho (2011)- Cu-Au porphyry mineralization at Bahumbung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 145-160. Magetsari, N.A. (1984)- L'ile de Celebes, Indonesie orientale: analyse structurale par teledetection des grands lineaments, un exemple de collision. Thesis 3me Cycle, Univ. Chambery, p. 1-134. ('Sulawesi island: structural analysis by remote sensing of large lineaments, an example of collision'. Several major lineaments from W to E: (1) Palu-Koro, 300km, sinistral strike slip zone; (2) Matano and Malili-Kendari,


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also sinistral; (3) Batui in NE, corresponding partly with ophiolite obduction over Sula islands, continuing offshore as 'Batui thrust'. Small Plio-Pleistocene pull-apart basins over the large fault zones. Tectonics mainly linked to regional NW-SE compression due to convergence of Australian plate and its split-off Sula fragment. Main collision is M Miocene, with obduction of peridotites and continental underthrusting of W side of Sula microcontinent. After that, until today, convergence is accommodated by movements along major fault zones and absorbed by accretionary prism of N Celebes Trough and Tolo zone at Banda Sea margin. At same time N arm of Sulawesi underwent 90° clockwise rotation) Magetsari, N.A., P. Cholin & J.P. Rampnoux (1987)- Structural analysis by remote sensing of Sulawesi. The role of great lineament an example of Recent collision. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. Martin, K. (1890)- Notiz uber das Pliozan von Gorontalo. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. (2), 7, p. 275-277. ('Note on the Pliocene of Gorontalo', N Sulawesi. Brief note on some presumedly Pliocene gastropods from sandstones exposed between Gorontalo and Limbotto, collected by Van Schelle. No maps, no figures) Martin, K. (1891)- Zur Geologie von Celebes, nach Anlass des Wichmann'schen Reiseberichtes. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. (2), 8, p. ('On the geology of Sulawesi, referring to Wichmann's travel reports') Martin, K. (1917)- Bemerkungen uber sogenannt Oligocane und andere Versteinerungen von Celebes. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, N.F., II, 7, p. 299-308. (‘Remarks on so-called Oligocene and other fossils of Sulawesi’) Martin, K. (1918)- On some fossils from Celebes believed to belong to the Oligocene. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 20, p. 793-799. (online at www.digitallibrary.nl) (Fish fossils found by Abendanon near Enrekang along lower Saadang River, believed to be of Oligocene age by Dollfus, based on presence of Vicarya. However, this is misidentified and mollusk fauna more likely of Neogene age) Martini, R., D. Vachard & L. Zaninetti (1995)- Pilammina sulawesiana n.sp. (Ammodiscidae, Pilammininae, n. subfam.), a new foraminifer from Upper Triassic reefal facies in E. Sulawesi (Kolonodale area, Indonesia). Revue Paleobiol. 14, 2, p. 455-460. (New small, complex agglutinated foram from E Sulawesi, supposedly typical of Late Triassic reefal carbonates. Since then also found in Asinepe Lst of Seram, Sambosan accretionary complex in Japan, N Italy, Turkey, Cyprus) Martini, R., D. Vachard, L. Zaninetti, S. Cirilli, J.J. Cornee, B. Lathuiliere & M.Villeneuve (1997)Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and micropalaeontology of the Upper Triassic reefal series in Eastern Sulawesi (Indonesia). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 128, p. 157-174. (E Sulawesi Late Norian- Rhaetian 150m thick reefal carbonates are part of larger, dismembered carbonate platform. Shallowing-upward series: lower 100m micritic limestone, upper 150 m massive ‘reefal’ limestones, dominated by foram packstones-grainstones, but also sponge-algal-coral boundstones and oolitic wackestones/ grainstones. Foram assemblages closest affinity to S Tethyan Seram and Wombat Plateau carbonates) Martono, U.M. (1999)- Structural diversity of the layered rocks in the metamorphic complex of the western arc of Central Sulawesi. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 9, 92, p. 2-12. Maryanto, S. (1999)- Proses diagenesis batugamping eosen di lintasan S. Nanggala, Tana Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC Bandung) 9, 94, p. ('Diagenetic process in the Eocene limestone of the Nanggala River section, Tana Toraja, S Sulawesi') Maryanto, S. (2002)- Stratigrafi Tersier daerah Torajah, Sulawesi Selatan. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 734-768.


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('Tertiary stratigraphy of the Toraja area, S Sulawesi'. General rview of M Miocene- Pliocene stratigraphy. ML Eocene Toraja Fm mixed clastics- carbonate facies, conformably overlain by latest Eocene- M Miocene Makale Fm platform carbonates. Overlain by M Miocene- E Pliocene Sekata Fm volcanoclastic turbidites) Maryanto, S. (2002)- Lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Toraja di daerah Sekitat Rantepao, Sulawesi Selatan. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 22, p. 63-84. (Sedimentology of Eocene Toraja Fm in Rantepao area, NE part of Sulawesi SW arm. Mixture of fluvial, lacustrine, intertidal and shallow marine facies) Maryanto, S., E.E. Susanto & Sudijono (2004)- Sedimentologi Formasi Salokupang di daerah Bone, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC Bandung) 1, 1, p. 69-83. ('Sedimentology of the Salokupang Fm in the Bone area, S Sulawesi'. Salokalupang Fm deposited in Late Eocene- M Miocene SW-NE trending deepwater basin, deepening to NE. To W is Tonasa Fm carbonate platform, to S Eocene volcanics. No marked boundary to E, probably connected with open sea. Paleogeography of basin in Salokalupang Fm shows alluvial plain in SW, whereas turbidity and deepwater depositional systems developed in NE) Matasak, T. (2011)- Coal deposits in Sulawesi. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 319- . Maulana, A. (2009)- Petrology, geochemistry and metamorphic evolution of the South Sulawesi basement rock complexes, Indonesia. M.Phil. Thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, p. 1-188. (SW Sulawesi two pre-Upper Cretaceous Basement Complexes. Larger Bantimala block mainly ENE-dipping tectonic slices of metamorphic rocks (eclogites, blueschists, greenschist, some seafloor sediments and volcanics), with ultramafic unit emplaced over these from E (records deep subduction of cold ocean floor and exhumation of deeply subducted material, prior to collision with microcontinents to E and obduction of ultramafics). Smaller Barru Block 30 km to N weakly metamorphosed sediments and volcanics, but no high-P blueschist and eclogite. Metamorphism at higher geothermal gradients evidenced by quartzo-feldspathic gneisses and metabasic amphibolite at sole of obducted ultramafics. Barru tectonic slices dip to NNW (Barru interpreted as roots of old island arc, subduction of some ocean floor with seamounts, and obduction of different ocean floor material from N). Barru intrusives indicate second arc formed on top of ultramafics as result of renewed subduction) Maulana, A., A.G. Christy & D.J. Ellis (2008)- The petrology of eclogites from Bantimala Complex, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 367-398. (Eclogites tectonic block in E Cretaceous high-pressure- low T blueschist facies rock of Bantimala basement complex, which consists mainly of high-pressure Triassic-Jurassic metamorphic rocks and late AlbianCenomanian and younger sediments and ultramafics. Eclogites wide range of origins and formed at ~540-615 °C and 18-24 kbar) Maulana, A., A.G. Christy, D.J. Ellis, Kaharuddin M. & A. Tonggiroh (2009)- Petrology, geochemistry and tectonic significance of the South Sulawesi ultramafic, Indonesia. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang, PITIAGI2009-205, 26p. (Ultramafic rocks in S Sulawesi Bantimala and Barru basement complexes of different origins. Barru lherzolite derived from supra-subduction zone environment, with no trace of High-Pressure metamorphics. Bantimala ultramafics are cumulates associated with High-P metamorphics (eclogite and blueschist). Stratigraphic position suggests Bantimala ultramafic emplaced onto Bantimala block from spreading of oceanic crust at ENE part of block. At same time, those from Barru block obducted from back arc basin setting at W- NW part of blocks) Maulana, A., D.J. Ellis & A.G. Christy (2010)- Petrology, geochemistry and tectonic evolution of the South Sulawesi basement rocks, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA1-G-192, 26 p. (SW Sulawesi two Cretaceous basement outcrop complexes, with different ultramafic rocks and metamorphic histories. Bantimala block (in S) protoliths mainly oceanic basalts. Barru block (in N ) quartzo-feldspathic


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gneisses more felsic and of arc affinity. Bantimala block records subduction of cold ocean floor and exhumation of deeply subducted material. Barru preserve roots of old island arc, subduction of some ocean floor, obduction of different ocean floor material from N, and too warm to preserve blueschist or eclogites. Two blocks derived from different sources and tectonic setting) Maulana, A., D.J. Ellis, A.G. Christy, K. Watanabe, A. Imai & Purwanto (2011)- Rare earth element in greenschist facies rock from Bantimala Complex, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, p. 1-7. Maulana, A., K. Watanabe, A. Imai & K. Yonezu (2010)- Geochemical composition variety of granitoid rocks from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Proc. Int. Symposium on Earth Science and Technology, Fukuoka 2011, p. (Geochemistry of 55 Tertiary granitoid rocks from 9 areas in Sulawesi) Maulana, J.P. (2011)- Source indication of oil seep from Paniki River, Kalukku, Mamuju, West Sulawesi based on geochemical characterization. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-030, p. Mayall, M.J. & M. Cox (1988)- Deposition and diagenesis of Miocene limestones, Sengkang Basin, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sedim. Geol. 59, p. 77-92. (Porosity evolution of SW Sulawesi Late Miocene knoll-reef carbonates of Kampung Baru gas field) McCaffrey, R., E.A. Silver & R.W. Raitt (1981)- Seismic refraction studies in the East Arm, Sulawesi- Banggai Islands region of Eastern Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 321-325. (Two seismic refraction lines in E Gorontalo basin and E of E arm of Sulawesi (lines not shown). Show block faulted basement stepping down in Gorontalo Basin oceanic lithosphere) McCaffrey, R. & R. Sutardjo (1982)- Reconnaissance microearthquake survey of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, p. 793-796. McCaffrey, R., R. Sutardjo, R. Susanto, R. Buyung, B. Sukarman et al. (1983)- Micro-earthquake survey of the Molucca Sea and Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 7, p. 13-23. (Several hundred, mostly shallow, microearthquakes recorded below Molucca Sea and Tomini Gulf/Gorontalo) McDonald, R.C. (1976)- Limestone morphology in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Zeitschr. Geomorphologie 26, Karst processes, p. 79-91. Meeren, J. & H.L.M. van Roermund (2009)- A three stage exhumation model for HP rocks from the Palu Region, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia- a geothermobarometric study. Abstract 8th Int. Eclogite Conference, Xining, China, p. Mesdag, F.T. (1914)- De goudmijn "Totok" te Totok, Noord-Celebes. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Mijnbouwk. Ser. 1, p. 191-203. ('The gold-mine 'Totok' at Totok, N Sulawesi'. Paper on operations of Totok mine, active since 1900, after long history of small-scale local diggings. Gold-bearing quartz veins in foram-coral limestone in area dominated by andesitic volcanics) Michaux, B. (1996)- The origin of Southwest Sulawesi and other Indonesian terranes: a biological view. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 122, p. 167-183. (Present-day distribution of birds and moths used to reconstruct common histories of Indonesian islands. Sulawesi highest endemism and appears to have been isolated from all other areas) Milsom, J., Sardjono & A. Susilo (2001)- Short-wavelength, high-amplitude gravity anomalies around the Banda Sea, and the collapse of the Sulawesi Orogen. Tectonophysics. 333; 1-2, p. 61-74.


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(Ophiolitic rocks around Banda Sea commonly associated with strong gravity anomalies and steep gradients, but relationships not always straightforward. Bouguer gravity levels and gradients over extensive E Sulawesi ophiolite generally low. Gravity variations and ophiolite distribution around Banda Sea compatible with extension in Sulawesi region following Oligo-Miocene collision with Australian-derived microcontinent) Milsom, J., J. Thurow & D. Roques (2000)- Sulawesi dispersal and the evolution of the northern Banda Arc. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 495-504. (Bituminous U Triassic and Lw Jurassic in Buton, Buru, Seram and E Sulawesi suggest these were parts of single microcontinent separated from Australia in Jurassic and collided with Eurasian margin to form Sulawesi orogen in Oligocene or E Miocene. Collision was followed by extension and dispersion, creating Banda Sea. Parts of former microcontinent became involved in new collision zones of Outer Banda arc) Miyazaki, K., I. Zulkarnain, J. Sopaheluwakan & K. Wakita (1996)- Pressure-temperature conditions and retrograde paths of eclogites, garnet-glaucophane rocks and schists from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Metam. Geol. 14, p. 549-563. (High-P metamorphic rocks in Bantimala area 40 km NE of Ujung Pandang formed as Cretaceous subduction complex with fault-bounded slices of melange, chert, basalt, turbidite, shallow marine sedimentary rocks and ultrabasic rocks. Eclogites, garnet-glaucophane rocks and schists of Bantimala complex have estimated peak T of 580-630 °C and P=18-24 kbar, suggesting subduction to ~65-85 km and T gradient ~8°C/km) Molengraaff, G.A.F (1902)- Ueber die Geologie der Umgegend von Soemalatta auf Nord-Celebes und uber die dort vorkommenden goldfuhrenden Erzgange. Zeitschr. Praktische Geol. 10, p. 249-257. (‘On the geology of the Sumalatta area on N Sulawesi and on the gold-bearing ore veins there’) Monnier, C. (1996)- Mecanisme d'accretion des domaines oceaniques arriere-arc et geodynamique de l'Asie du sud-est. Petrologie et geochimie des ophiolites d'Indonesie (Sulawesi, Haute-Chaine Centrale, Cyclops, Seram et Meratus). Ph.D. Thesis, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, p. ('Mechanism of accretion of oceanic forearc domains and geodynamics of SE Asia') Monnier, C., H. Bellon & J. Girardeau (1994)- Datation K40-Ar40 de l'ophiolite de l'ile de Sulawesi. Comptes Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 319, Ser. II, p. 349-356. (‘K-Ar dating of the Sulawesi ophiolite’. Remnants of giant ophiolite nappe in Central E Sulawesi formed in Middle Eocene, 44 +- 4 Ma. K/Ar ages for amphiboles in sample from SE Arm 47.4 and 41.2 Ma) Monnier C., J. Girardeau, R.C. Maury & J. Cotten (1995)- Back-arc origin for the East Sulawesi ophiolite (Indonesia). Geology 23, 9, p. 851-854. (Ophiolites probably formed in Eocene Paleo-Celebes Sea backarc basin and emplaced by N to S obduction of Eurasia/Celebes Sea over ‘Australian’ Eastern Sulawesi basement) Moss, S.J. & M.E.J. Wilson (1998)- Biogeographic implications of the Tertiary palaeogeographic evolution of Sulawesi and Borneo. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys, Leiden, p. 133-163. (Series of paleogeographic maps of Borneo- Sulawesi region, from 50- 4 Ma. W Sulawesi accreted onto Borneo by Late Cretaceous, then separated in M-Late Eocene. E Sulawesi collided with W Sulawesi in M-L Oligocene. Late Miocene accretion of Australia-derived microcontinents onto E Sulawesi (Buton, also Sula Spur ?)) Moyle, A.J., B.A. Wake, S.H. Tuckey & J. Ariti (1997)- The Toka Tindung Gold Project, northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. World Gold 1997 Conf., Singapore, 2, p. 27-34. (On discovery of Toka Tindung, Pajajaran, Blambagan and Araren low-sulphidation quartz-adularia vein and stockwork gold-silver deposits on N Minahasa Peninsula, N Sulawesi. Mineralised veins in Late Pliocene basaltic andesite volcaniclastics and flows, part of Early Miocene- Pleistocene Sulawesi-East Mindanao Arc) Mubroto, B. (1988)- A palaeomagnetic study of the East and Southwest arms of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oxford, 253 p.


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Mubroto, B. (1994)- Palaeomagnetism of ophiolites of eastern Sulawesi; evidence for northward translation. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 30th Sess. Committee Co ord Joint Prospecting Mineral Res Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok, 2, p. 179-189. (Indo-Australian, Earasian and pacific plates all interact in Sulawesi region.Sulawesi area. Paleomagnetic analysis of Cretaceous basalts from the East Sulawesi Ophiolite Complex at Batusamping and Binsil, suggests ophiolite was derived from N part of Indo-Australian oceanic plate, formed at spreading ridge at 17° =/-4°S paleolatitude) Mubroto, B., J.C. Briden, E. McClelland & R. Hall (1994)- Palaeomagnetism of the Balantak ophiolite, Sulawesi. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 125, p. 193-209. (Paleomag from Cretaceous-Paleogene lavas in Balantak Ophiolite on E tip of E Sulawesi indicates formation at 17+/–4° S and ~60° of CW rotation. Supporting evidence for palaeolatitude and N-ward movement of E arm from other lavas and Boba Cherts. Contrast between these results and subequatorial origin of contemporary rocks on Halmahera consistent with subduction of Indian Ocean lithosphere beneath Sunda margin in Late Mesozoic- Early Tertiary. Large differences in declination in E Sulawesi rocks indicate large clockwise and anticlockwise rotations of tectonic blocks only tens of km across) Muller, H. W., G. Riedmuller & B. Schwaighofer (1984)- Weathering products of andesitic rocks from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Clay Minerals 19, 1, p. 21-28. Multan, R.A., B. Rochmanto & R. Langkoke (1999)- Analysis of sedimentary environment of chromite ore in Sawugi, Bengkulu Barat, Poso, Central Sulawesi. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 313320. Munasri (1995)- Cretaceous radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Bantimala and Barru areas, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. MS Thesis, University of Tsukuba, Japan, p. Musri, E. Suparka & B. Tambun (2011)- Geology model of alteration and hydrothermal mineralization Latuppa area, Palopo, South Sulawesi. Proc 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, p. . Nainggolan, D.A. & B.S. Widijono (2003)- Struktur kerak dan geodinamika daerah Luwuk dan sekitarnya Sulawesi Tengah berdasarkan analisis data gaya berat. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 13, 140, p. ('Crustal structure and geodynamics of the Luwuk area, C Sulawesi, based on analysis of gravity data') Ndoasa, R.P., M.A. Amir, H.D. Asmuruf & Rudianto (1994)- Penempatan ofiolit Barru dan pembentukan Selat Makasar. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 291-299. ('Emplacement of the Barru ophiolite and the formation of Makassar Straits') Neben, S., K. Hinz & H. Beiersdorf (1998)- Reflection characteristics, depth and geographic distribution of bottom simulating reflectors within the accretionary wedge of Sulawesi. In: J.P. Henriet & J. Meinert (eds.) Gas hydrate: relevance to world margin stability and climate change,Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 137, p. 225265. (Seismic profiles across subduction zone N of Sulawesi bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) across accretionary wedge. BSR correlated with heat flow data and indicate that where heat flow is high and BSR interrupted, active venting of methane may occur at sea floor. BSRs limited to central part of N Sulawesi subduction zone (between 121°30’E and 123°30’E In W part of area only short BSR segments found, which may be result of slope instability and slumping of sediments. On E-most profile, no bottom simulating reflectors found at all) Niermeyer, J.F. (1909)- De onderzeese vorm van Celebes. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aaardrijksk. Gen. 26, p. 612621. ('The undersea shape of Sulawesi'. Early bathymetric map around Sulawesi. No landmass on earth is surrounded by seas and cut by and embayments that are this deep and steep, except perhaps Halmahera. With 1:2.5m scale color bathymetry map)


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Nishimura, S., T. Yokohama & Herry (1980)- Gravity measurements at South Sulawesi. In: Physical geology of Indonesian island arcs, Kyoto University, p. 35-41. Noack, O. (1926)- Vergleichende petrographische Studien an Gesteinen der Minahassa in Nord-Celebes. Thesis Hohen Naturw. Fakultat Vereinigten Friedrichs Universitat, Halle, 41p. ('Comparative petrographic studies of rocks of the Minahasa in N Sulawesi'. Petrographic descriptions and chemical analyses of young volcanic rocks collected by Rinne in 1900. No illustrations) Noble, R.A., D.M. Jessup, D. Burt & Djumlati (2000)- Petroleum system of the Senoro-1 discovery, East Sulawesi, Indonesia. AAPG Int Conf. Exhibition, Bali 2000, AAPG Bull. 84; 9, p. 1470. (Abstract only) Senoro-1 1999 gas oil discovery in N Tomori petroleum system: U Miocene reefs, charged by E-M Miocene calcareous marine source rocks after burial by Pliocene synorogenic deposits of Tomori collision zone. Porous reefal facies of Mantawa Fm with gross gas-oil columns of 656’ and 33’. Gas mixed thermogenic and biogenic; 89% methane, 2% CO2, ~1% H2S and wet hydrocarbon gases C2+) Norvick, M.S. & R.L. Pile (1976)- Field report on the Lariang and Karama geological survey West Sulawesi. BP Petroleum Indonesia, Report JKT/EXP/0071, 72p. (Unpublished, but commonly used comprehensive field survey report of W Sulawesi basins for Gulf/ BP) Nugroho, S., I. Hardjana, A.D. Susanto & C.C. Bautista (2005)- Notes on the discovery of the Riska deposit, North Sulawesi- Indonesia. In: S. Prihatmoko et al. (eds.) Indonesian Mineral and Coal Discoveries, IAGI Special Issues 2005, p. 31-44. (On Riska high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposit 20 km SE of Kotamobagu, discovered by Newmont in 1998. Hosted by Plio-Pleistocene andesitic pyroclastics) Nur, I., A. Idrus, S. Pramumijoyo, A. Harijoko, Y. Juyanagi & A. Imai (2009)- Characteristics of epithermal quartz veins at Baturappe area, Gowa, South Sulawesi: implication to base metal exploration. In: Proc. Int. Seminar on Geology of the Southern Mountains of Java, Yogyakarta 2009, 1, p. 179-186. Nur, I., A. Idrus, S. Pramumijoyo, A. Harijoko, Sufriadin, A.H.S Jaya & U.R. Irfan (2009)- Geologi endapan urat logam dasar Pb daerah Baturappe Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Seamrang, p. 629-637. ('Geology of the Baturappe area Pb deposits, Gowa Regency, S Sulawesi'. Quartz-Pb veins in basaltic-andesitic volcanic- intrusion complex. Oldest rock unit in outcrop late Middle-Miocene basalt lava) Nur, I., Y. Jayanagi,. A. Idrus, S. Pramumijoyo, A. Harijoko & A. Imai (2010)- Mineralogy and microthermometry of the epithermal base metal veins at Baturappe area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, 7p. (Baturappe area, S Sulawesi, hydrothermal quartz-Pb veins in basalt and porphyritic basalt host rocks. Microthermometric study of fluid inclusions in quartz indicates temperature formation of veins betweeen ~230°280°C. Minimum formation depth about 300- 550 m) Oostingh, C.H. (1935)- Enige opmerkingen over A. von Kutassy’s beschrijving van jong-Tertiaire mollusken uit Oost-Celebes. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 1935, IV, 4, p. 30-31. (Questions validity and notes inconsistencies of Mio-Pliocene age determinations based on molluscs from E Sulawesi sediments by Von Kutassy in Von Loczy (1934) Osimo, G. (1908)-Di alcuni foraminiferai dell' Eocene di Celebes. Riv. Ital. Paleont. 14, 1-2, p. 28-54. ('On some foraminifera from the Eocene of Celebes'. Larger forams from marl near Dongala, N Sulawesi, collected by Bonarelli. More likely a Miocene assemblage with Lepidocyclina, Baculogypsina, etc.) Otofuji, Y., F. Hehuwat, S. Sasajima, S. Nishimura & A. Dharma (1981)- Paleomagnetic evidence for clockwise rotation of the Northern arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 54, p. 272-280.


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(North arm of Sulawesi clockwise rotation of >90°. Rotational motion began no later than M Miocene and probably terminated before initiation of Plio-Pleistocene volcanic activity) Paju, J.A., Y.S. Purnama, B.Nugroho, A. Bachtiar & F. Peera (2006)- Sedimentology of Mallawa clastics and its implication to hydrocarbon occurrences in western part of West arm Sulawesi. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, PITIAGI2006-012, p. 1-18. (Eo-Oligocene Mallawa Fm (should be Malawa Fm of Sukamto 1982; HvG) clastics with coal in S part of West Arm of Sulawesi up to 400 m thick. Unconformably overlies flysch deposits of Balangbaru and Marada Fm and unconformably overlain by Tonasa Limestone and thick Camba Fm volcanics. Malawa Fm interfingers with volcanic sequence of Langi Fm to E. Mainly fluvial- tidal deposits. Probably equivalent of fluvio-deltaic Lower Toraja Fm in N of Sulawesi West Arm) Panjaitan S. & B. Mubroto (1993)- Indikasi tektonik berdasarkan data paleomagnetik di daerah Soppeng, Sulawesi selatan. In: Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 1, p. 83-91. ('Tectonic indications from paleomagnetic data in the Soppeng area, S Sulawesi'. Miocene- Pliocene paleomagnetic data suggest N-ward movement of SW Sulawesi from 12.5° S to 3.3° S and about 60° clockwise rotation between M Miocene- Pleistocene) Panjaitan, S. & J. Nasution (2004)- Potensi minyak bumi dan gas alam lepas pantai cekungan Sengkang, Sulawesi Selatan, tinjauan analisis gayaberat. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 1, (14), 1, p. 3-12. ('Oil and gas potential of the Sengkang basin S Sulawesi, from gravity analysis'. Gravity anomalies interpreted as anticlines and Tacipi limestone buildups) Parkinson, C.D. (1991)- The petrology, structure and geologic history of the metamorphic rocks of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 337 p. (Includes description of metamorphic sole below obducted E Sulawesi ophiolite in C Sulawesi) Parkinson, C.D. (1991)- Counterclockwise P-T-t paths from Sulawesi meta-basites: implications for subduction zone metamorphism. In: Proc. Symposium on the dynamics of subduction and its products, Res. Dev. Centre for Geotechnology, Indonesian Inst. Science (LIPI), p. 225-226. Parkinson, C.D. (1996)- The origin and significance of metamorphosed tectonic block in melanges: evidence from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Terra Nova 8, p. 312-323. (On Sulawesi a block-bearing melange overlain by ophiolite nappe, with Mowomba metamorphic sole sequence at base. Direct genetic relationship between high-grade tectonic blocks in melange and amphibolites in metamorphic sole. High-grade tectonic blocks originated in thin, thermally zoned metamorphic sheet welded to oceanic hanging wall plate at inception of subduction. Break-up at depth by tectonic erosion led to dispersal of fragments into newly developed serpentinite melange wedge) Parkinson C. (1998)- An outline of the petrology, structure and age of the Pompangeo Schist Complex of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Island Arc 7, 1-2, p. 231-245. (C Sulawesi Pompangeo Schist is metamorphosed accretionary complex, with phyllitic marble, phyllite, schist and quartzite, all of terrigenous- marine origin. Along E margin schists interthrust with unmetamorphosed Early Jurassic sandstone (may be Cretaceous?; HvG), which may be parent material. Schists unconformably overlain by Albian-Cenomanian pelagic sediment. Synmetamorphic NNW-SSE striking and W dipping isoclinal folding. E-W metamorphic gradient, representing rel. low T gradient of 15°C/ km. K-Ar ages ~108-114 Ma. Correlative metamorphic rocks may underlie W Sulawesi Neogene magmatic province. Pompangeo and Bantimala schists probably generated in same subduction system responsible for C Kalimantan Mesozoic arc (but also tied to D-directed subduction from North Borneo; HvG)) Parkinson, C.D. (1998)- Emplacement of the East Sulawesi ophiolite: evidence from sub-ophiolite metamorphic rocks. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 16, 1, p. 13-28. (Metamorphic sole at base E Sulawesi ophiolite composed of thin garnet and epidote amphibolite and basal greenschist metaclastics, with K/Ar ages ~30 Ma (= cooling age?). E-dipping tectonite fabrics in amphibolite


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and underlying basement mica schist and overlying peridotite indicate orthogonal E to W emplacement of ophiolite in C Sulawesi. Followed by W Sulawesi arc volcanism in E Miocene and collision of Banggai-Sula Platform in Late Miocene) Parkinson, C.D. & I. Katayama (1999)- Present-day ultrahigh-pressure conditions of coesite inclusions in zircon and garnet: evidence from laser Raman microspectroscopy. Geology 27, p. 979-982. (Coesite is high-pressure polymorph of quartz and occurs as inclusions in deeply subducted, metamorphosed crustal rocks in several Eurasian collisional orogens, including eclogites from Bantimala Complex, S Sulawesi. It is primary indicator mineral of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism) Parkinson, C.D. & I. Katayama (1999)- Metamorphic microdiamond and coesite from Sulawesi, Indonesia; evidence of deep subduction at the SE Sundaland margin. Amer. Geoph. Union, 1999 Fall Mtg., EOS Trans. 80, 46, Suppl., p. 1181. (Abstract only) (C Sulawesi. In situ diamonds indicate ultrahigh-pressure conditions (>4 GPa) and subduction of continental crust to depths within diamond stability field, followed by relatively rapid exhumation) Parkinson, C.D., K. Miyazaki, K. Wakita, A.J. Barber & D.A. Carswell (1998)- An overview and tectonic synthesis of the Pre-Tertiary very-high pressure metamorphic and associated rocks of Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan, Indonesia. Island Arc 7, p. 184-200. (High-P metamorphics common in Cretaceous accretionary complexes of Java, Sulawesi, SE Kalimantan. Many occur as imbricate slices of carbonate, quartzose and pelitic schists of shallow marine or continental margin parentage, interthrust with subordinate basic schists and serpentinite. They are predominantly lowintermediate metamorphic grade, with K-Ar ages of 110-120 Ma. Metamorphic rocks from depths > 60 km sporadically exposed, usually as tectonic blocks. Many metamorphics probably recrystallized in N-dipping subduction zone at Sundaland craton margin in E Cretaceous. Exhumation may have been facilitated by collision of Gondwanan continental fragment with Sundaland margin at ~120-115 Ma) Pearson, D.F. & N.M. Caira (1999)- Geology and metallogeny of central North Sulawesi. In: G. Weber (ed.) Proc. PACRIM ’99 Congress, Australasian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Parkville, 4/99, p. 311-326. (N Arm Sulawesi gold and base metal mineralisation styles: porphyry Cu-Au; porphyry-related gold and base metal veins; high-sulphidation Cu-Au-As; low-sulphidation epithermal Au; hydrothermal breccias; and sediment-hosted Au mineralisation. Different Miocene and Pliocene porphyry systems recognised whilst most remaining epithermal mineralisation Pliocene or later. Central N Arm of Sulawesi Miocene magmatic island arc on Early Tertiary oceanic basaltic basement, overprinted by Pliocene arc. Structural fabric dominated by SSE arc-normal and ESE arc-parallel faults, established during Miocene under dextral wrench regime. Intersections of major fault sets favoured sites for Miocene porphyry Cu-Au) Perdana, M.J. & H. Amijaya (2010)- Identification of geochemical degradation of oil seep from Paniki River, Kalukku, Mamuju, West Sulawesi. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-SG-036, 10p. (Oil seeps in Paniki River, Kalukku, 40 km NE of Mamuju, W. Sulawesi, considered to have originated from Eocene coals or carbonaceous clays of Toraja Fm. GCMS work suggests severe biodegradation) Perdana, M.J. & H. Amijaya (2011)- Source indication of oil seep from Paniki River, Kalukku, Mamuju, West Sulawesi, based on geochemical characterization. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-030, 10p. (Many oil and gas seeps in W Sulawesi area. Paniki River seep oil biodegraded. Common bicadinane, oleanoids, oleanane, and taraxastane show oil probably derived from higher land plants. No gammaceranes) Perello, J.A. (1994)- Geology, porphyry Cu-Au, and epithermal Cu-Au-Ag mineralization of the Tombulilato district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 50, p. 221-256. (N Sulawesi Tombulilato district island arc-type volcano-sedimentary pile with >3400 m of Late Miocene(?)Pleistocene volcanics, interbedded with marine and continental sediments. Sequence intruded by high-level stocks and dikes, cut by Late Pliocene- Pleistocene diatreme breccias, some associated with Cu mineralization.


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Main compressive deformation event in Pliocene. Mineralization between 2.9 - 0.9 Ma as part of district-scale hydrothermal system. Uplift and erosion removed ~2 km of rock in last 3 M yr) Permanadewi, S. & H. Utoyo (1994)- Perbandingan umur hasil pentarikhan kalium-argon batuan granitik, daerah Bora, Sulawesi tengah dengan horenblenda dan biotit sebagai mineral penentu. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral, GRDC Bandung, 4, 36, p. 16-20. (‘Results of K- Ar dating of granitic rocks in Bora area, C Sulawesi, comparing hornblende and biotite data’. K-Ar dates of granitic rocks using biotite ~16.2- 16.5 Ma, hornblende 16.87 +/- 0.33 Ma) Pertamina/BKKA (eds.) (1996)- Banggai Basin (E Sulawesi). In: Petroleum Geology of Indonesian basins, VI, Jakarta, p. 1-24. Pholbud, P., R. Hall, E. Advokaat, P. Burgess & A. Rudyawan (2012)- A new interpretation of Gorontalo Bay, Sulawesi. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA12-G-029, p. 1-23. (Interpretation of ages seismic horizons of Gorontalo Bay due to absence of wells. Two different age scenarios, for rifting-subsidence timing: Eocene- Reecent or Miocene-Recent. Most of subsidence young and tied to slab rollback of N Sulawesi subduction zone) Piccoli, G., E. Robba & S. Sartono (1994)- Mixed fossil molluscs from Tana Toraja (South Sulawesi, Indonesia). Boll. Soc. Paleont. Ital., Spec. Vol. 2, p. 221-226. PND- Patra Nusa Data (2009)- Opportunities (I), Bone Basin. Inameta J. 8, Sept. 2009, p. 23-27. (online at: www.patranusa.com) (Overview of Bone Basin, S Sulawesi, in conjunction with tender round offering) Polve, M., R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, C. Rangin et al. (1997)- Magmatic evolution of Sulawesi (Indonesia): constraints on the Cenozoic geodynamic history of the Sundaland active margin. Tectonophysics 272, p. 69-92. (Paleocene magmatic activity limited to Ujung Pandang area (61-59 Ma). Major Eocene (50-40 Ma) event with tholeitic pillow lavas and basaltic dikes of back-arc basin affinity in all areas, possibly equivalent to Celebes Sea basaltic basement. Oligocene- Miocene island-arc tholeiites and calc-alkaline series (mainly 30-15 Ma) Widespread K-rich magmatic event between 13-10 Ma. Calc-alkaline activity resumed only in N Arm in Late Miocene (9 Ma) and still active in Manado region. K-rich activity continued in S until Pleistocene (0.77 Ma). Most recent event in C Sulawesi 6.5- 0.6 Ma granites and acid tuffs, probably strong continental imprint) Polve, M., R.C. Maury, P. Vidal, B. Priadi, H. Bellon et al. (2001)- Melting of lower continental crust in a young post-collision setting: a geochemical study of Plio-Quaternary acidic magmatism from central Sulawesi (Indonesia). Bull. Soc. Geol. France 174, p. 305-317. (Acid, potassic, calc-alkaline magmas in C part of Sulawesi W arm from 6.5-0.6 Ma (dacites, rhyolites, granites. Chemical signatures consistent with Australian granulites and Indian Ocean sediments suggest magmas derived from anatexis of lower crust of Australian origin (Banggai-Sula) after M Miocene collision with W Sulawesi Sundaland margin and possibly breakoff of subducted Molucca Sea slab) Pouclet, A., M. Pubellier & P. Spadea (1991)- Volcanic ash from Celebes and Sulu basins off the Philippines (Leg 124): petrography and geochemistry. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin & M.T. von Breymann (eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 467-488. Pouyet, S. & G. Braga (1993)- Thalamoporella sulawesiensis n. sp. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the Eocene of Sulawesi. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Palaeont., Monatsh. 1993, 2, p. 88-96. Prasetyo, H. (1994)- Marine geoscientific survey of the West-East Indonesia back arc transition zone, Southeast Sulawesi margin. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 29th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Hanoi 1992, Bangkok, 2, p. 127-146. (Overview of backarc region between SE Sunda Shelf-SW Sulawesi- N Bali- N Flores. Four main tectonic phases: (1) Paleocene rifting; (2) Miocene inversion of rifts to create 'Sunda folds', tied to collision of Buton


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with Sulawesi Arc; (3) flexure of SE Sunda shield to S, under volcanic ridge and (4) post-Neogene formation of back-arc fold and thrust zone, associated with Australia- Banda Arc collision) Prasetyo, H., Y.R. Sumantri, B. Situmorang & S. Wirasantosa (1995)- The ‘Doang Borderland System’ in Southwest Sulawesi margin: implications for hydrocarbon prospect in the Eastern Indonesian frontier region. Int. Seminar on the sea and its environments, Ujung Pandang 1995, p. Priadi, B. (1993)- Geochimie du magmatisme de l’Ouest et du Nord de Sulawesi: tracages des sources et implications geodynamiques. Doct. Thesis, Univ. Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, 293p. (‘Geochemistry and magmatism of W and N Sulawesi’. Study of petrology and geochemistry of magmatic rocks of SW, C and N Sulawesi. S Sulawesi different history from rest of island, with Jurassic tholeitic magmatism. Calc-alkaline magmatism rel. rare, tholeitic and potassic magmatism more common. Old cycle in S only(55-60 Ma), calc-alkalime magmatism in S and C at 30 -17 Ma. In S-most sector highly potassic magmatism between 11-3 Ma and in C part acid calc-alkaline magmatism at 6-0.5 Ma. In N calc-alkaline magmatism continuation of Philippine Arc with around 15 Ma change from subduction to collision regime) Priadi, B. (1996)- Kompleks granitoid Neogen di Sulawesi Tengah: tinjauan geokimia. Bul. Geologi 26, 2-3, p. (‘Neogene granitoid complex in C Sulawesi’. Neogene granitoid (5.5-3.2 Ma) along C Sulawesi Palu-Koro Fault associated with Late Miocene-Recent potassic calc alkaline (KCA) magmatism. Correlated with collision of Banggai-Sula micro-continent with Sulawesi in M Miocene, but details about genesis still limited) Priadi, B. (2011)- Sulawesi magmatic arcs. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 111-120. Priadi, B., H. Bellon, R.C. Maury, M. Polve, R. Soeria-Atmadja & J.C. Philippet (1994)- Magmatic evolution in Sulawesi in the light of new 40K-40Ar age data. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 355-369. (W Sulawesi volcanic episodes: Jurassic (~150 Ma) Back Arc Basin magmatism, Paleocene subduction-related magmatism (~60 Ma), Oligocene- M Miocene (40-~15 Ma) subduction-related magmatism and Miocene-Recent (~13-0 Ma) collision-related magmatism) Priadi, B., R.C. Maury, R. Soeria-Atmadja M. Polve & H. Bellon (1991)- Tertiary and Quaternary magmatism in Central Sulawesi: chronological and petrological constraints. In: Proc. Silver Jubilee Convention Dynamics of subduction and its products, Yogyakarta 1991, LIPI, p. 171- 194. (same title as Priadi et al. 1994) Priadi, B., M. Polve, R.C. Maury, R. Soeria-Atmadja & H. Bellon (1993)- Geodynamic implications of Neogene potassic calc-alkaline magmatism in Central of Sulawesi: geochemical and isotopic constraints. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 59-81. (Potassic calc-alkaline magmatism of C Sulawesi mostly acidic, ranging in age fom 6.5 Ma- Recent. Isotopic character similar to Australian blocks, suggesting result of collision between two ‘Australian’ blocks, Banggai Sula in E and a western block that is either a microcontinent of Australian origin or ancient volcanic arc that incorporated large volume of sediment) Priadi, B., M. Polve, R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, R. Soeria-Atmadja et al. (1994)- Tertiary and Quaternary magmatism in Central Sulawesi: chronological and petrological constraints. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, p. 81-93. (Four main magmatic events in C Sulawesi: (1) Late Eocene and Oligocene island arc tholeiites and calcalkaline intrusions. (2) Lamasi Volcanics: 33-15 My K-Ar ages, but may not be magmatic ages. MORB-type affinity and anomalies indicative of BABB affinity. Origin still enigmatic. (3) Important shoshonitic affinity event at 10.1-11.9 Ma, probably post-subduction associations emplaced in S Sulawesi in Late Miocene and might derive from melting of mantle material after mantle metasomatised during former episode of subduction. (4) Last event 6.5- 0.6 Ma granitic rocks, rhyolites and widely distributed rhyolitic Barupu tuff pyroclastics (0.6 Ma). All magmatic rocks K-rich calc-alkaline composition, lacking basaltic and intermediate magmas


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(SiO2 > 60%) and high enrichments in incompatible elements and radiogenic Sr isotopic signature. This is consistent with strong crustal imprint by melting of underthrusted continental crust in collisional context) Priadi, B., R. Soeria-Atmadja, R. Maury, H. Bellon & M. Polve (1997)- The occurrence of back-arc magmatism in Sulawesi: geochemical constraints on geodynamic reconstruction. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 390-403. (Two volcanic units along E edge of S arm of Sulawesi: Kalamiseng Fm pillow lava-breccia, with Miocene (~17-22 Ma K-Ar ages), but may be older. Lamasi Volcanics in NE part of S Sulawesi K-Ar ages suggest 3 episodes of activity, including oldest ages of Sulawesi volcanics: (1) 'Palopo ophiolite' 'back-arc' micro-gabbro cut by dikes; Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous (~159-137 Ma) and subduction-related (2) Oligocene LamasiSongka volcanics (~33-28 Ma) and (3) M Miocene Lamasi- Pohi Volcanics (~15.4 Ma) volcanics. In N part of W Sulawesi and N Sulawesi mainly Eocene (~34-50 Ma) Tinombo Fm mostly back arc basin chemistry and Paleogene K-Ar ages. Younger volcanics less common and subduction related) Priadi B, I.G.B.E. Sucipta & J. Sopaheluwakan (2009)- Post-collisional granitoids in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: 11th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, p. Priadi, B., I.G.B.E. Sucipta, H. Utoyo, J. Sopaheluwakan & W. Sudarsono (1996)- Kompleks granitoid Neogen di Sulawesi Tengah, tinjauan geokimia. Bul. Geol. 26, p. 129-141. (‘Geochemistry of Neogene granitoid complex in Central Sulawesi’) Priadi, B., I.G.B.E. Sucipta, H. Utoyo, J. Sopaheluwakan, Sudarsono & Widiasmoro (1999)- Distribution of Neogene granitoid along the Palu-Koro fault zone, Central Sulawesi. In: H. Darman & F.H. Sidi (eds.) Tectonics and sedimentation of Indonesia, Indon. Sedim. Forum Spec. Publ. 1, p. 72-74. Pribadi, A. & N. Azman (1990)- Kajian geologi daerah Sulawesi Tenggara dalam kaitannya dengan prospek hidrokarbon. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 136-148. ('Study of the SE Sulawesi area and its relations with hydrocarbon prospectivity') Prihatmoko, S. & H. Lubis (1992)- Au-Cu porphyry at breccia bodies in Bulagidun prospect, North Arm Sulawesi. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 233-240. Priyadi, A. & Sudijono (1993)- Biostratigrafi fosil nanno Tersier tengah formasi Tonasa (Penampang Rala), Sulawesi Selatan. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 2, p. 1100-1113. (‘Mid-Tertiary nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Tonasa Fm, S Sulawesi’) Priyanto, B. & M.R. Fitriannur (2008)- Neogene tectonic and sedimentary control to hydrocarbon generation in Banggai Basin, Eastern Sulawesi. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 54-65. (Literature review of Banggai Basin, formed as result of Miocene collision of Banggai-Sula microplate and E Sulawesi. Basin stratigraphy two distinct periods, (1) continental margin rift to collision, and (2) latest Miocene-Pliocene foreland basin molasse sequence. Numerous oil and gas seeps in NW Taliabu, wet gas seeps near Falabisahaya in Mangole, oil and gas from Dongkala-1, gas from Minahaki-1 and Matindok-1. Source, reservoir and seal rocks all within Miocene sequence. No new data) Purawiardi, R. ( 2008)- Karakteristik bijih kromit Barru, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Riset Geol. Pertambangan 18, 1, p. 1-13. ('Characteristics of Barru chromite ore, S Sulawesi') Purnamaningsih, D. Sukarna & H. Panggabean (1995)- The geology, mineral and energy resources of northern West Sulawesi. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 20-35. (N part of W Sulawesi recently re-mapped. Covers Lariang and Karama sub-basins. Basement of unnamed M Cretaceous or older high-grade matamorphics, possibly part of accretionary complex along Eurasian


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continent, overlain by thick flysch-type, low-metamorphic, Upper Cretaceous Latimojong Fm. Unconformably overlain by M-Lt Eocene clastics and Nummulites limestones and Oligocene- M Miocene Tonasa Lst carbonate platform, up to 2500m thick, in S of area. Late Oligocene- E Miocene (29-22 Ma) Lamasi island arc volcanics, etc. Plio-Pleistocene thin-skinned W-directed thrusting = Majene foldbelt. With 3 simple, hard-to-understand paleogeographic maps ) Purnomo, E., S.P. Tony & A. Luthfi (1999)- Relative age indicator of Sulawesi collision zone, eastern arm of Sulawesi. In: H. Darman & F.H. Sidi (eds.) Tectonics and sedimentation of Indonesia, FOSI-IAGI ITB Regional Seminar, p. 76-78. (Abstract only) (East Sulawesi- Banggai Sula collision Pliocene age) Puspita, D., R. Hall & C.F. Elders (2005)- Structural styles of the offshore West Sulawesi fold belt, North Makassar Straits, Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 519-542. (Offshore W Sulawesi Fold Belt (WSFB) three structural provinces (SP), S, C and N, controlled by basement structures and differ in amount and character of Cenozoic sediment. CSP is topographic high (Central High), onlap of sediments from Kalimantan, little sediment building out from W Sulawesi, and fold-thrust belt extends short distance offshore. Central High separates SSP and NSP which extend W into deep water. SSP contains wedge of sediment which tapers gently to W and contains thin-skinned thrust folds. NSP much steeper W front to sediment wedge, and internal reflectors chaotic and incoherent. SSP probably sandier, while NSP mud-rich and may be dominated by mud diapirism. Different deformation styles in NSP and SSP influenced not only by presence of existing structures, but also by sediment thickness and type. Palu-Lariang region likely source of sediments in NSP; Karama-Kalosi region probable source for SSP. Deformation propagating W from onshore Sulawesi and began in Pliocene. N Makassar Straits underlain by thinned continental crust) Querubin, C.D. & S. Walters (2011)- Geology and mineralization of Awak Mas: a sedimentary hosted gold deposit, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 211-229. Radja, V.T. (1970)- Geothermal energy prospects in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geothermics 2, 1, p. 136-149. (Indonesia geothermal potential large and genetically linked to volcanism. Preliminary appraisal of S Sulawesi suggests potential for 9 geothermal fields) Rafianto, R.I. (2011)- Developing Indonesian nickel deposits: challenges and opportunities. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv, Makassar, p. Rafianto, R., F. Attong, A. Matano & M.E.Syam Noor (2011)- The serpentine-related nickel sulfide occurrences from Latao, SE Sulawesi: a new frontier of nickel exploration in Indonesia. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 267-288. Rafianto, R. & G.H. Tutuko (2010)- 40 years PT INCO exploration: evolution in method and understanding nickel mineralization in Sulawesi. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI2010-095, 15p. (History of Inco exploration and mining of nickel laterites since 1969 in East Sulawesi ultramafic ophiolite complex. Largest deposits highest nickel grades in Sorowako area in central part of E Sulawesi. Best nickel laterite deposits on crests and flanks of hills over ultramafic bedrocks) Raharjo, S., R. Seago, E.W. Jatmiko, F.B. Hakim & L.D. Meckel (2012)- Basin evolution and hydrocarbon geochemistry of the Lariang-Karama basin: implications for petroleum system in onshore West Sulawesi. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA12-G-135, p. 1-22. (Lariang-Karama basins onshore W Sulawesi M Eocene extensional half-grabens. Mild basin inversion in M Miocene at ~12 Ma, but extension continuing until Plio-Pleistocene inversion/ uplift at ~2 Ma. Fine siliciclastic turbidites in M Miocene in Tike-1 well thought to be distal equivalents to sediments of Kutei in Kalimantan. Most shortening taken up by NW-SE oriented strike-slip faults, compartmentalizing series of folds and thrusts. Oil-gas seeps over major fold structures and along faulted, E margin of coastal Karama basin, generated from


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M-L Eocene fluvio-deltaic coals and carbonaceous shale. Oils paraffinic, low sulfur, moderately low wax to waxy. Source of two oil seeps from Lariang Basin dominated by terrestrial higher plant material with minor algal input; seeps from Karama Basin mixed algal-terrestrial, probably open marine/deep lacustrine source) Rangin C., R.C. Maury, M. Polve, H. Bellon, B. Priadi, R. Soeria-Atmadja et al. (1997)- Eocene to Miocene back arc basin basalts and associated island arc tholeiites from Northern Sulawesi (Indonesia): implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Celebes basin. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 168, 5, p. 627-635. (Most of N arm of Sulawesi is on Eocene oceanic crust (back arc basin basalts), intruded by younger arc volcanics; N arm rotated clockwise 25°) Ratman, N. & S. Atmawinata (1993)- Geology of the Mamuju Quadrangle, Sulawesi. Scale 1: 250, 000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 25p. (SW Sulawesi map between 2-3°S. Metamorphic basement overlain by low-metamorphic Upper Cretaceous clastics. Eocene clastics and limestone, Late Oligocene- Early Miocene andesitic volcanics, Mio-Pliocene volcanoclastics. Large Late Miocene- E Pliocene granitic intrusive) Reminton, C.H. (1995)- The challenge of petroleum exploration in the Gorontalo frontier basin, North Sulawesi- Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 79, p. 81 (Abstract only) (Gorontalo Basin untested frontier basin. Airborne Laser Fluorescence survey showed fluors on water surface in Tomini Bay. Oil and gas seeps onshore and offshore of Tomini Bay suggest mature Paleogene source rocks) Reijzer, J. (1920)- Geologische aanteekeningen betreffende de Zuidelijke Toraja-landen, verzameld uit de verslagen der mijnbouwkundige onderzoekingen in Midden-Celebes. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 47 (1918), Verhand. 1, p. 154-209. (‘Geologic notes on the southern Toraja lands, compiled from reports of mining investigations in Central Sulawesi’. Three areas with oil indications. Small Eocene coal-bearing basins) Rinne, F. (1900)- Skizzen zur Geologie der Minahassa in Nord-Celebes. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 52, 21p. (‘Notes on the geology of the Minahasa, North Sulawesi’. Early description of volcanics-dominated NE tip of Sulawesi) Rusmana, E., A. Koswara & T.O. Simandjuntak (1993)- Geology of the Luwuk Quadrangle, Sulawesi. Map 1:250,000 scale, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 17 p. (NE part E arm of Sulawesi and Togian islands. Prior to Late Miocene- Pliocene overlap assemblage two distinct terranes (1) Banggai-Sula (Triassic-Jurassic clastics overlain by Eocene-M Miocene carbonates and clastics) and (2) E Sulawesi (along N coast of E arm: S-directed thust imbricates of metamorphics, ultramafic rocks (supposedly Cretaceous oceanic crust), Late Cretaceous Matano Fm pelagic sediments). Oldest rocks on Togian Islands are supposedly Cretaceous-Paleocene Lamusa Fm brownish-red limestones ) Rusmana, E. & D. Sukarna (1984)- Tinjauan stratigrafi lengan tenggara Sulawesi dibandingkan dengan daerah sekitarnya. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 61-70. ('Review of stratigraphy of SE arm of Sulawesi..and surrounding areas'. First paper to propose SE arm of Sulawesi is continental block of ‘Australian’ origin; Surono 1998) Rusmana, E., Sukido, D. Sukarna, E. Haryanto & T.O. Simandjuntak (1993)- Geology of the Lasusua-Kendari Quadrangle, Sulawesi (2112-2212), 1:250 000, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 16 p. (E Sulawesi map between 3-4° S, E side Bone Bay. Two geologic provinces, separated by Lasalo fault. Tinondo Province in SW has ?Carboniferous metamorphics and intrusives, overlain by Triassic- Jurassic Meluku/ Tokala Fms sediments, unconformably overlain by Eocene- M Miocene calcilutes? Remnants of ophiolites along Bone Bay shoreline. Hialu oceanic province in NE is widespread ?Cretaceous ophiolite, overlain by Late Cretaceous Matano Fm pelagic deposits, unconformably overlain by Late Miocene- Pliocene Celebes Molasse) Rustiadi (1985)- Unsur perak (Ag) di dalam beberapa mineral sulfida dai endapan jenis Kuroko di daerah Sangkaropi, Sulawesi. RISET 6, 1, p. 32-41.


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(Sangkaropi sulphide ores in SW Sulawesi NE of Rantepao resemble Kuroko ore deposits of Japan (submarine volcanogenic massive sulphides). Sphalerite, galena, pyrtite and chalcopyrite most common) Rutten, L. (1914)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 5. Einige Foraminiferen aus dem Ostarm von Celebes. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 1, 9, p. 307-320. (‘Foraminifera from the East Arm of Sulawsi’. Including an Eocene sample with Alveolina wichmanni n. sp.. Footnote: “it is remarkable that the Eocene fauna of Celebes is more similar to samples from New Guinea than Java and Borneo”.) Rutten, L. (1924)- Over de foraminiferenfauna en den ouderdom van kalksteenen uit Zuid-Celebes afkomstig uit de groep der vischresten-bevattende gesteenten. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 52 (1923), Verh., p. 173183. (Larger forams from limestone from series with fish fossils in S Sulawesi (Brouwer 1924). Fish-bearing limestones with non-diagnostic Heterostegina only. Spiroclypeus in nearby samples suggest E Miocene age) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- Chapters 33-39 on the geology of Celebes (Sulawesi). In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 520-635. (Review of geology of Sulawesi in Rutten's classic lecture series) Rutten, L. (1934)- Tertiaire foraminiferen van Oost Celebes. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 10, p. 286-289. (‘Tertiary foraminifera from E Sulawesi’. Part of Von Loczy (1934) E Sulawesi mapping report) Ryacudu, R., S. Tossin & E. Purnomo (1998)- Ampana strike-slip fault and its significance for hydrocarbon entrapment in the eastern arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 34th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Taejon, Korea 1997, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 1-21. (Ampana strike-slip fault is NW-SE trending fault, cutting across E arm of Sulawesi, probably linked to S Sorong fault ) Ryacudu, R., T. Wibodo & Y.E. Handiwiria (1993)- Exploration for carbonate reservoirs in the Banggai Sula microcontinent, eastern Indonesia. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 679-692. Saefudin, I. (1994)- Umur apatit dan zirkon batuan granitik daerah Palu dan sekitarnya, Sulawesi Tengah. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 4, 36, p. 9-15. (‘Ages of apatite and zircon in granitic rocks of the Palu area and surroundings, C Sulawesi’. Apatite and zircon analyses from 5 granitic rocks. Zircon- apatite ages of granodiorite ~ 29.5+/- 2.1 Ma and 29.3 +/- 2.5 Ma (E Oligocene). Apatite age of porphyry granite ~6.2- 8.3 Ma (Late Miocene), while zircon from same rock gave ~9.5- 11.8 Ma ages (M Miocene)) Santos, F.R., P. Sulistiono & N.E.W. Litaay (1999)- Totopo West, a low sulphidation epithermal system in North Sulawesi. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 2, p. 203-216. Sarasin, P. & F. Sarasin (1905)- Reisen in Celebes ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1893- 1896 und 1902- 1903. C.W. Kreidel Wiesbaden, 390p. (Read online at: http://archive.org/stream/reisenincelebes00saragoog#page/n10/mode/2up) ('Travels in Sulawesi in the years 1893-1896 and 1902-1903'. Mainly geographic travel account across S Sulawesi with geological observations by Sarasin cousins) Sarasin, P. & F. Sarasin (1898)- Materialien zur Naturgeschichte der Insel Celebes. C.W. Kreidel's Verlag, Wiesbaden, vol. 1. Die Susswasser-Mollusken von Celebes, p. 1-102. (online at: http://www.archive.org/details/materialienzurna01sara) ('Materials for the natural history of the island of Sulawesi, 1. The fresh-water molluscs of Celebes island'. Volume 1 of 5 of the classic work on the late 1800's geographic- geological travels in Sulawesi by cousins P. and F. Sarasin)


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Sarasin, P. & F. Sarasin (1899)- Materialien zur Naturgeschichte der Insel Celebes. C.W. Kreidel's Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2. Die Land-Mollusken von Celebes, p. 1-244. (online at: http://www.archive.org/details/materialienzurna02sara) (Volume 2 of Sarasin work: 'The land molluscs of Celebes island') Sarasin, P. & F. Sarasin (1901)- Materialien zur Naturgeschichte der Insel Celebes. C.W. Kreidel's Verlag, Wiesbaden, 3. Ueber die geologische Geschichte der Insel Celebes auf Grund der Thierverbreitung, p. 1-169. (online at: http://www.archive.org/details/materialienzurna03sara) (Volume 3 of Sarasin work: 'On the geological history of Celebes island based on the animal distribution') Sarasin, P. & F. Sarasin (1901)- Materialien zur Naturgeschichte der Insel Celebes. C.W. Kreidel's Verlag, Wiesbaden, 4. Entwurf einer geographisch-geologischen Beschreibung der Insel Celebes, p. 1- 344. (online at: http://www.archive.org/details/materialienzurna04sara) (Volume 4 of Sarasin work: 'Geographic- geologic description of Celebes island'. With appendix of rock descriptions by C. Schmidt) Sarasin, P. (1912)- Zur Tektonik von Celebes. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellschaft 64, p. 226-245. ('On the tectonics of Sulawesi') Sardjono & E. Mirnanda (2007)- Gravity field and structure of the crust beneath the East Arm of Sulawesi and the Banggai Archipelago. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-G-024, 11 p. (Gravity modeling suggests Banggai- Sula Archipelago composed of blocks of severely attenuated continental crust. East arm of Sulawesi is predominantly continental, with thick Neogene sediment cover and thickened continental crustal block in middle part. Only eastern tip (Poh Head) may have deep-rooted ultramafic rocks) Sarmili, L. (1998)- Formation of the Tolo accretionary prism in relation to reactivation of the Palukoro Fault, Sulawesi. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 33rd Ann. Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Geoscience Progr. East and Southeast Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, 2, p. 104-113. (New bathymetric map of N Banda Sea between Buru and SE Sulawesi. General NW-SE directions, e.g. Tampomas Ridge and Hamilton slope. To W of N Banda Sea, N-S trending, 150 km long Tolo prism, well developed in N and centre, possibly due to large amount of sediment from Sulawesi island (i.e. Celebes molasse). To S, width of prism decreases and disappears in Buton Trough. Recent sediments deformed, and upper and lower thrust units appear faulted. As a consequence of convergence, prism seems oriented NW-SE parallel to Hamilton fracture zone which continues to join Lawanopo and Palu-Koro strike-slip faults on-land) Sasajima, S., S. Nishimura, K. Hirooka, Y. Otofuji, T. Van Leeuwen & F. Hehuwat (1978)- Paleomagnetic results and fission track ages obtained from the Western and Northern Sulawesi, East Indonesia. Rock Magn. Paleogeoph. 5, p. 73-80. Sasajima, S., S. Nishimura, K. Hirooka, Y. Otofuji, T. Van Leeuwen & F. Hehuwat (1980)- Paleomagnetic reconnaissance from Northern arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: S. Nishimura (ed.) Physical geology of Indonesian Island arcs, Kyoto University, p. 23-34. Sasajima, S., S. Nishimura, K. Hirooka & Y Otofuji (1981)- Paleomagnetic studies combined with fission-track datings on the western arc of Sulawesi, east Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.),The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 305-312. (Same as paper below. SW arm of Sulawesi 40° anticlockwise rotation since Paleocene- Early Miocene) Sasajima, S., T. Van Leeuwen, F. Hehuwat, S. Nishimura, K. Hirooka & Y. Otofuji (1980)- Paleomagnetic studies combined with fission-track datings on the Western Arm of Sulawesi, East Indonesia. Tectonophysics 64, p. 163-172. (also in Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. Bandung, p. 305-311, 1981) (Paleogene- E Miocene paleomagnetic pole for SW Sulawesi very different from that in M Miocene- Recent. This suggests possibly 19-13 Ma major tectonic event caused ~40-45° of anticlockwise rotation. Postulated


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collision followed by welding of E and W Sulawesi in Pliocene (Katili, 1978) may be cause. Our data does not support hypothesis that W Sulawesi derived from dispersal of Gondwanaland) Satyana, A.H. (2006)- Docking and post-docking tectonic escapes of Eastern Sulawesi: collisional convergence and their implications to petroleum habitat. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., PG-16, 4p. (Extended Abstract only) (Summary of Sulawesi tectonic history of docking of microcontinents (Buton at 11 Ma, Sula at 5 Ma), followed by escape towards free edges, creating arc-polarity reversal, large strike slip faults, local extension, etc.) Satyana, A.H. (2011)- Sulawesi: where two worlds collided- geologic controls on biogeographic Wallace's Line. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-065, 16p. (On Cenozoic geological history controlling present-day Wallace's Line which separates Asian and Australian fauna and flora) Satyana, A.H., S. Damayanti & C. Armandita (2012)- Tectonics, stratigraphy and geochemistry of the Makassar Straits: recent updates of exploring West Sulawesi offshore, opportunities and risks, Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-156, p. 1-21. (W part of Makassar Straits prolific petroleum province, sourced and reservoired by Miocene-Pliocene Mahakam deltaic sediments. E part of Makassar Straits very different. Makassar Straits extension began in M Eocene and formed graben/ half-graben above which is important unconformity of probable Late Eocene age, marking top of synrift sequence. Nature of basement still debated in areas. Onshore W Sulawesi seeps and offshore microseeps suggest terrestrial M-L Eocene coals and coaly shales are main source rocks) Satyana, A.H., T. Faulin & S.N. Mulyati (2011)- Tectonic evolution of Sulawesi area: implications for proven and prospective petroleum plays. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-064, 30p. (Substantial review of Sulawesi tectonic evolution, basins and hydrocarbons) Satyana, A.H. & M.E.M. Purwaningsih (2011)- Collision of microcontinents with Eastern Sulawesi: records from uplifted reef terraces and proven-potential petroleum plays. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA11-G-219, 25p. (Sulawesi is assemblage of collided terranes. Buton-Tukang Besi micro-continent collided with SE Sulawesi/ Muna Block from E Miocene- Late Miocene. Collision overthrusted Kapantoreh ophiolitic suture (here interpreted as oceanic crust originally located between Muna and Buton), shortened and uplifted Buton. Tukang Besi single microcontinent with Buton, and separated from Buton as response to post-collisional tectonics. Banggai-Sula microcontinent collided with Sulawesi E Arm in M Miocene- E Pliocene. Postcollisional uplifts exhumed micro-continents in Buton, Wakatobi (Tukang Besi), and Luwuk (Banggai) areas and uplift of Quaternary reef terraces) Schepmann, M.M. (1907)- Mollusken aus posttertiaren Schichten von Celebes. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, 1, 8, p. 153-203. ('Molluscs from the post-Tertiary beds of Sulawesi') Schlaich, E.P. & J.R.J. Ten Berge (1941)- Rapport over het geologisch onderzoek van het Jong Tertiare Pompanoea bekken (ZW Celebes). BPM- Balikpapan Report (unpublished) (Report on geological survey and shallow core hole drilling in Young Tertiary of Pompanoea (= Sengkang ) Basin, SW Sulawesi) Schlueter, H.U., M. Block, K. Hinz, S. Neben, D. Seidel & Y. Djajadihardja (2001)- Neogene sediment thickness and Miocene basin-floor fan systems of the Celebes Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 18, 7, p. 849-861. (Celebes Sea basin M Miocene turbidites correlated from ODP site 767 throughout study area. Differences in thickness and distribution indicate two source areas. M Miocene turbidite-fan complexes of C and S Celebes Sea, controlled by paleo-Tarakan Delta system, tectonic events and basin floor morphology. Main source area for correlative turbidites along S Sulu Arc is assumed to be Mindanao)


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Schreuder, S. (1854)- Onderzoekingen naar steenkool in de afdeeling Maros, gouv. Celebes. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie 7, p. 388-395. ('Investigations of coal in the Maros district, (SW) Sulawesi') Schubert, R.J. (1913)- Beitrag zur fossilen Foraminiferenfauna von Celebes. Jahrbuch Kon. Kais. Geol. Reichanstalt 62 (1912), 4, p. 127-150. ('Contribution to the fossil foraminiferal fauna of Sulawesi'. Foraminifera from North Arm and N part of East arm of Sulawesi, collected by Koperberg. Mainly young Miocene- Pliocene. Some E-M Miocene carbonates with Miogypsina, Lepidocyclina) Sendjaja, P. & I.G.B.E. Sucipta (2008)- Adakite rock From Una-Una island, Central Sulawesi. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 212-228. (Pyroclastics and lavas from Una-Una Island in Tomini Gulf adakitic geochemical signature: silica-rich (SiO2 >60%), MgO < 3%, low Y and HREE relative to normal island arc andesite, dacite and rhyolite, high Sr and Nb enrichment. Tectonically, adakites formed by partial melting of young oceanic crust. Crust presently subducted at nearby trench may be <25 Ma old) Sendjaja, P., E. Suparka, C.I. Abdullah, E. Sucipta & T. Hasenaka (2011)- A petrology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks from the Togean Islands, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: estimation of subduction component at a complex tectonic regime. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-166, 13p. (Togean Island in Tomini Gulf. Nearby Una-Una volcano typical adakitic rocks. Mio-Pliocene volcanics of Togean islands further toE quite different. Volcanic rocks from Walea Kodi and Walea Bahi Islands lower SiO2 and low Sr content than Una-Una. Compositions seems similar to volcanic rocks from Sangihe Region) Setyoko, J., S. Hadipandoyo & S. Oemar (2000)- Hydrocarbon resources assessment of the Late Miocene Tacipi Formation in the Bone Basin, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 36th Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Hanoi 1999, p. 35-49. (Late Miocene Tacipi Fm reefal limestone gas producing in Kampung Baru Field, E Sengkang sub-basin of Bone Basin. Porosity generally 20-30%, moldic, vugular and fracture porosity. Source rocks believed to Eocene and Oligocene carbonaceous sediments. Unproven potential plays in Eocene Toraja Fm sst, Oligocene Toraja Fm carbonate and Pliocene Walanae Fm sst. Undiscovered resources in Tacipi play in Bone basin assessed as maximum 22.5 Gm3 and 5.3 million Tons of oil) Siahaan, E.E., S. Ciptadi, D. Budihartanto & C.A.E. Pelmelay (1994)- Sistem panasbumi pada tektonik sesar Palu, di daerah Bora, Sulawesi Tengah. Proc 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 1001-1009. ('The geothermal system at the Palu fault, Bora area, C Sulawesi'. Granite in Palu area 15-16 Ma K/Ar ages) Sidarto & Wahyono (2001)- Kaitan antara struktur geologi dan endapan batubara di cekungan Karama, Sulawesi. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 26, p. 15-28. (‘Link between structural geology and coal deposits in Karama basin, W Sulawesi’. Toraja Fm Late Eocene coal seams folded and thrusted in Late Miocene- Early Pliocene. Coal rank locally increases along fault zones. Above coal Late Eocene limestone with Discocyclina and Pellatispira) Sidarto & Wahyono (2002)- Pemodelan geologi cekungan batubara daerah Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 2002, p. 2- . ('Geologic model of the coal basin in the Enrekang area, S Sulawesi') Silver, E.A. (1981)- A new tectonic map of the Molucca Sea and East Sulawesi, Indonesia, with implications for hydrocarbon potential and metallogenesis. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 343-347. (New fault zones discovered during Scripps 1976-1979 cruises and land expeditions: (1) Sula Thrust at N side Banggai- SulaPlatform, (2) W continuation of Sorong FZ and (3) E extension of Batui Thrust which bounds


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upthrusted E Sulawesi ophiolite (which also forms Gorontalo basin basement, and emplacement was complete in Pliocene or earlier). Also mapped recently active Tolo Thrust E of Sulawesi and Buton) Silver, E.A., Y. Joyodiwiryo & R. McCaffrey (1978)- Gravity results and emplacement geometry of the Sulawesi ultramafic belt, Indonesia. Geology 6, p. 527-531. (also in Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 313-319) (SE arm Sulawesi gravity highs at schist ultramafic contacts indicate thick ultramafic rocks there, possibly dipping under schist. Gravity effect of ultramafics decreases E away from schist) Silver, E.A., R. McCaffrey, Y. Joyodiwiryo & S. Stevens (1983)- Ophiolite emplacement by collision between the Sula Platform and the Sulawesi arc, Indonesia. J. Geoph. Res. 88, p. 9419-9435. (Large ophiolite belt from Miocene collision of Sulawesi island arc and continental Sula Platform. Batui thrust separates ophiolite from deformed sedimentary rocks along edge of Sula Platform and continues E from Sulawesi along S margin of Gorontalo basin. Sulawesi ophiolite traced offshore to oceanic crust basement of Gorontalo basin. Ophiolite melange underlies harzburgites on SE Arm beneath low-angle thrusts. Melange several 100m thick thrust packets of serpentine and red shale matrix and N to NE dipping foliation, consistent with significant N-ward component of lower plate movement, probably Sula platform or its margin. Ophiolite emplaced by oblique convergence of Sula platform along S edge of Gorontalo basin. Gorontalo basin probably forearc basin with ophiolite basement. Presence of dunite in Colo volcanic products in Tomini Bay indicate magma went through through oceanic material, possibly part of E Sulawesi Ophiolite) Silver, E.A., R. McCaffrey & R.B. Smith (1983)- Collision, rotation, and the initiation of subduction in the evolution of Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Geoph. Res. 88, p. 9407-9418. (Sulawesi shaped as result of collision with Sula platform, resulting in rotation of N volcanic arm and accretionary wedge of N Sulawesi trench. N Sulawesi trench changes laterally from no active deformation in E to a wide accretionary wedge in W. Early thrusting produced steep frontal slope (8°-16°), indicative of high basal shear stress, more advanced (W) zone of thrusting produces gentle slope (2°). Paleomagnetic data suggest post-Late Eocene counter-clockwise rotation of N Arm. Convergence between N Banda Basin and SW Sulawesi documented by Tolo thrust. S end of thrust projects toward Buton, but structural relations not clear) Simandjuntak, T.O. (1980)- Wasuponda melange. Proc. 8th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. (First description of C Sulawesi Wasuponda melange) Simandjuntak, T.O. (1981)- Some sedimentological aspects of Mesozoic rocks in eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 9th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. Simandjuntak, T.O. (1986)- Sedimentology and tectonics of the collision complex of the East arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, London University, 374 p. (Unpublished) (Stratigraphic- tectonic study of Sulawesi East. Middle Miocene collision complex separating E Sulawesi Ophiolite belt from Banggai-Sula continental block slices of ophiolitic ocean floor) Simandjuntak, T.O. (1986)- New data on the age of ophiolitic rocks in Eastern Sulawesi. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. Simandjuntak, T.O. (1990)- Sedimentology and tectonics of the collision complex in the East Arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geol. Indonesia 13, p. 1-35. Simandjuntak, T.O. (1992)- New data on the age of the ophiolite in Eastern Sulawesi. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 15, p. 38-44. (K/Ar dating of gabbro from E Sulawesi ophiolite gave ages of 93-48 Ma (Late Cretaceous- Early Eocene), pillow basalts ~53-38 Ma (Eocene). Peridotites could not be dated due to very low K content. Cherts and manganese nodules overlying pillow basalts contain Early Cretaceous (Valanginian- E Cenomanian) radiolaria, overlain by Upper Cretaceous calcilutites with Globotruncana (K/Ar ages too young?; HvG))


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Simandjuntak, T.O. (1992)- Sedimen Mesozoikum dan prospek hidrokarbon di Indonesia Timur (studi kasus penelitian geologi di lengan Timur Sulawesi). J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 2, 7, p. 10-20. (‘Mesozoic sediments and hydrocarbon prospects in E Indonesia, special study of E arm of Sulawesi’) Simandjuntak, T.O. (1993)- Neogene plate tectonic convergence in eastern Sulawesi. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 3, 25, p. 2-9. Simandjuntak, T.O. (1993)- Struktur rangkap (duplex), sesar sungkup dan sesar jurus mendatar di Lengan Timur Sulawesi. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 16, p. 27-44. (‘Duplex structure overthrusting and displacement in the eastern arm of Sulawesi’. Batui Thrust is M Miocene suture between Banggai-Sula Platform and E Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt. Consists of several thrusts, all dipping NW. NE portion subjected to dextral strike-slip with 150 km of displacement in Plio-Pleistocene (Balantak fault). Melanges related to tectonic diapyrism developed along Batui Thrust zone. Several duplex structures developed in sediments of the Banggai-Sula Plate) Simandjuntak, T.O. & M. Mubroto (1991)- Neogene Tethyan type convergence in eastern Sulawesi. In: Proc. Silver Jubilee Symp. Dynamics of subduction and its products, Yogyakarta 1991, Indon. Inst. Sciences (LIPI), p. 274-277. Simandjuntak, T.O., E. Rusmana & J.B. Supandjono (1994)- Geology of the Bungku Quadrangle, Sulawesi. Quad. 2213, Map 1:250,000, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. 1-13. (E Central Sulawesi map sheet, mapped in 1980. Two terranes: (1) E Sulawesi ophiolite of Cretaceous ultramafics, overlain by Upper Cretaceous pelagic sediments (Matano Fm) and Late Miocene-Pliocene tuffaceous clastics and (2) 'Banggai-Sula terrane'of Triassic (-E Jurassic?) Tokala Fm limestones and clastics, Jurassic Nanaka Fm clastics with conglomerates with volcanics, red granite and metamorphic clast, J-K pelagic limestones and U Eocene- Lower Miocene Salofik Fm limestones. Various episodes of folding; last tectonic event in Pleistocene) Simandjuntak, T.O., E. Rusmana, Surono & J.B. Supandjono (1991)- Geology of the Malili Quadrangle, Sulawesi. Quad 2113, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 35 p. (C Sulawesi map between 2-3°S, N end Bone Bay. Comprises W and E Sulawesi provinces, separated by PaluKoro fault. W Sulawesi with Late Cretaceous flysch, Eocene- Miocene clastics, Oligocene- M Miocene volcanic arcs and Neogene granitic rocks, unconformably overlain by Late Miocene- Pliocene turbidites, followed by Plio-Pleistocene- Recent andesitic volcanics. C Sulawesi Pompangeo metamorphic belt, E Sulawesi ophiolite overlain by Cretaceous pelagic Matano Fm with common radiolarian cherts near base. Late Miocene- Pliocene post-orogenic molasse) Simandjuntak, T.O., Surono & Sukido (1994)- Geology of the Kolaka Sheet, Sulawesi (Quadrangles 2111, 2210, 2211), 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 18 p. (SE Sulawesi map between 4-5°S, mapped in 1983. Two juxtaposed terrains: (1) E Sulawesi ophiolite (Early Cretaceous ultramafics overlain by Late Cretaceous pelagic limestone) and 'Pompangeo' metamorphics complex (incl. eclogites and glaucophane-bearing rocks) and (2) Buton- Tukang Besi continental terrane with ?Permo-Carboniferous? metamorphics and low-metamorphic Triassic Meluhu Fm clastics and Triassic Tokala Fm carbonates. Both overlain by M Miocene- Pliocene 'Sulawesi molasse'. Strong Paleogene deformaion, M Miocene upthrust of E Sulawesi terrane onto Tukang Besi- Buton block and Plio-Pleistocene block faulting)) Simandjuntak, T.O., Surono & J.B. Supandjono (1991)- Geologic map of the Poso Quadrangle, Sulawesi. Map 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. (C Sulawesi map between 1-2°S, S end Tomini Bay. Two terrains: W Sulawesi, E Sulawesi) Socquet, A., W. Simons, C. Vigny, R. McCaffrey, C. Subarya, D. Sarsito, B. Ambrosius & W. Spakman (2006)- Microblock rotations and fault coupling in SE Asia triple junction (Sulawesi, Indonesia) from GPS and earthquake slip vector data. J. Geophys. Res. 111, B08409, doi:10.1029/2005JB003963, 15p.


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(Current Sulawesi deformation described by small number of rapidly rotating blocks. SW Sulawesi (Makassar Block) rotates anticlockwise at ~1.4°/Myr. NE Sulawesi (Bangai-Sula) 3 blocks: central N Sula Block moves NNW and rotates clockwise at ~2.5°/Myr, NE Manado Block rotates clockwise at ~3°/My; E Sulawesi pinched between N Sula and Makassar blocks. Along Makassar Block- Sunda Plate boundary, trench accommodates ~15 mm/yr of slip in Makassar Strait. N Sula-Manado blocks boundary is Gorontalo Fault, moving right laterally at ~11 mm/yr. 42 mm/yr relative motion between N Sula and Makassar blocks accommodated on PaluKoro left-lateral fault zone. Data also indicate pull-apart structure in Palu area. Sulawesi example of collision accommodated by block rotation instead of mountain building) Soeria-Atmadja, R., J.P. Golightly & B.N. Wahju (1974)- Mafic and ultramafic rock associations in the East Arc of Sulawesi. Proc. Inst. Techn. Bandung 8, 2, p. 67-85. (also in 1972 Proc. Regional Conf. Geol. SE Asia) (E and SE arms of Sulawesi largely occupied by discontinous belts of ultramafic complexes, mainly hartzburgite, lherzolite with some dunite and pyroxenite. Presumably of Late Mesozoic- Early Tertiary age. Associated with gabbroic rocks. Contacts with surrounding rocks generally faults/ thrusts) Soeria-Atmadja, R., B. Priadi, T.M. van Leeuwen & I. Kavalieris (1999)- Tectonic setting of porphyry Cu-Au, Mo and related mineralization associated with contrasted Neogene magmatism in the Western Sulawesi arc. Island Arc 8, 1, p. 47-55. (Neogene W Sulawesi Arc three magmatic provinces: (1) South: K alkaline-shoshonitic, with leucite-bearing rocks, 13-2 Ma (2) Central: high-K calc-alkaline and (3) North low-K, normal calc-alkaline arc volcanics, mainly 22-13 Ma, also 9.5 Ma-present. Origin of magmatism in terms of subduction and collision processes contentious. Four widely spaced Cu-Au porphyry and one Mo porphyry district(s) along W Sulawesi Arc, with N Sulawesi province most mineralized. Porphyry Mo systems require involvement of continental crust in magma source, while Au-rich porphyry systems are derived from mantle source) Soesilo, J. (1998)- Metamorfosa pada komplek Latimojong, Sulawesi Selatan dan makna tektonikya. Masters Thesis Inst. Tekn. Bandung ITB, 66 p. (Unpublished) (Metamorphic rocks of Latimojong Mts composed of low- medium grade metamorphic rocks derived from alternating siliciclastic, calcareous and volcanic rocks, intruded by basaltic-acidic, high K, calc alkaline and tholeiite rocks. W-ward imbrication is dominant structure and involves metamorphic rocks, serpentinites, chert and island arc metabasites of accretionary complex. At least three deformational phases, including metamorphism at glaucophanitic greenschist facies. Present work supports idea of formation of primitive island arc prior to its collision with Sundaland margin) Soesilo, J. & J. Sopaheluwakan (1998)- Petrologi dan geokimia meta-batuan beku Pegunungan Latimojong, Sulawesi Selatan. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, 3, p. 94-107. ('Petrology and geochemistry of metamorphics of Latimojong Mts, S Sulawesi'. Geochemistry of 10 metamorphosed igneous rock samples) Sopaheluwakan, J. (1979)- The evolution of Franciscan type melange in South Sulawesi, with special reference to the Barru area. Riset, Bandung, 2, 1, p. 45-55. Sopaheluwakan, J. (1994)- Do Karangsambung (Central Java) and Bantimala (SW Sulawesi) form a single subduction process ? a provocative view. Proc. 30th Anniv. Symp., Res. Dev. Centre for Geotechnology (LIPI), 2, p. 7-8. Sopaheluwakan, J., A. Kadurasman, B. Priyadi & H. Utoyo (1995)- The nature of basement rocks in Palu Region, Central Sulawesi. Proc. Sixth Int. Congress Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy and IGCP 335, Serpong 1995, p. 77-83. Sopaheluwakan, J., K. Miyazaki, I. Zulkarnain & K. Wakita (1993)- Early Cretaceous Eastern Sunda subduction metamorphism and its tectonic implication: record of Karangsambung and Bantimala eclogites. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p.


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Sopaheluwakan, J, K. Wakita & K. Myazaki (1993)- The origin of the Bantimala eclogite: a preliminary view. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 147-158. Spencer, J.E. (2010)- Structural analysis of three extensional detachment faults with data from the 2000 SpaceShuttle Radar Topography Mission. GSA Today 20, 8, p. 4- 10 (Large grooved surfaces on Space Shuttle Radar Topography images interpreted as exhumed footwalls of recently active extensional detachment faults. Examples include N Tokorondo Mts NW of Lake Poso and Pompangeo Mts E of Lake Poso in C Sulawesi. Linear landforms interpreted by Hamilton, etc., as thrust imbrication with thrusts striking parallel to ridges here interpreted as stretching lineations of exhumed footwall of detachment fault. Length of lineaments suggests 60-70 km of extension above Pompangeo complex) Spencer, J.E. (2011)- Gently dipping normal faults identified with Space Shuttle radar topography data in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and some implications for fault mechanics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 308, p. 267276. (Topography data from C Sulawesi show two corrugated, domal landforms, covering 100s to 1000s of km2, bounded to N by abrupt transition to hilly to mountainous topography. Interpreted as metamorphic core complexes. N-ward transition interpreted as traces of extensional detachment faults, dipping 4°- 18°) Stevens, C., R. McCaffrey, Y. Bock, J. Genrich, Endang et al. (1999)- Rapid rotations about a vertical axis in a collisional setting revealed by the Palu fault, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, p. 2677-2680. (GPS measurements indicate left-lateral Palu fault in C Sulawesi slips at ~ 38 mm/yr. Palu and nearby faults accomodate rapid clockwise rotation of nearly 4°/Ma of E Sulawesi relative to E Sunda. Rotation of E Sulawesi transfers E-W shortening between Pacific- Eurasian plates to N-S subduction of Celebes basin under Sulawesi) Stolley, E. (1943)- Uber Mesozoische Belemniten-fuhrenden Schichten von Celebes. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 10, p. 172-175. ('On Mesozoic belemnite-bearing beds from C Sulawesi'. Appendix in Brouwer (1934), describing material collected in 1929. Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian?) belemnites, mainly Belemnopsis gerardi group (= Tithonian B. galoi- B. stolleyi of Challinor 1990), from limestone with chert at Bahoempombini on Gulf of Tolo) Subandrio, A.S. (2006)- Diagenetic alteration in Late Miocene carbonate of Tacipi area, South Celebes. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru 2006, 10p. (Tacipi reefal carbonate platform in Sengkang Basin, S Sulawesi mainy homogenous boundstones at top and packstones with local grainstones, and wackestones at bottom. Four reef facies indentified: patch reef, barrier reef, fore reef and lagoon. Extensive freshwater leaching created biomouldic and vug pores) Subroto, E.A., B.Y. Afriatno & P. Sumintadireja (2007)- Prediction of the biogenic gas occurrences in Indonesia based on studies in East Java and Tomori (Central Sulawesi). J. Tekn. Min.(ITB Bandung), 14, 3, p. 115-124. (online at http://www.fttm.itb.ac.id/galeri/prediction.pdf) (Biogenic gas dry (>99% methane), light carbon-isotopes (-61 to -67‰) and bacterial in origin. One of fields producing biogenic gas in E Java Basin. Sediments most likely producing biogenic gas Plio-Pleistocene, characterised by high sedimentation rates, low geothermal gradients and high organic matter content) Subroto, E.A., B. Priadi & B. Yulian (2004)- Study on gas samples collected from Tanjung Api and Tomori area, Sulawesi: abiogenic, biogenic, or thermogenic? Bul. Geologi 36, 3, p. 117-124. (Analysis of 3 gas samples from E Sulawesi. Two are from Donggi 1 well and are biogenic. Tanjung Api surface seep sample 53% hydrocarbon gas (98.2% methane, 1.5% ethane) and unusually heavy d13C isotopes. Origin is dubious: possibly abiogenic or post-mature or biodegraded) Sudarmono (1999)- Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of the Bone Basin, Indonesia: insights to the Sulawesi collision complex. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 531-534. (Bone Basin is subduction complex/ suture between Sundaland and Gondwana-derived micro-continent that evolved into submerged intra-montane basin. Paleogene- E Miocene forearc stage with W-dipping subduction complex. M-L Miocene W-ward convergence of microcontinents toward subduction complex changed


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deposition and basin configuration. M Miocene collision with accretionary complex, followed by collision with W Sulawesi. Collision led to E-ward rotation of SE Sulawesi,with rifting and submergence of S part of basin. Compression from collision caused major back-thrust systems of W-verging Kalosi and Majene fold belts in W Sulawesi. Colliding plates began to lock in Pliocene, and continued plate convergence was accommodated by strike-slip along Walanae, Palu Koro and other faults. Bone Basin submerged into intra-montane basin setting. Clastic sediments from surrounding mountains to E, N and W prograded S to depocenter. Strike-slip still active) Sudijono (2005)- Biostratigraphy and the depositional environment of the Toraja Limestone at the Nanggala river section, Toraja, South Sulawesi. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 1, p. Sudijono (2005)- On the age of the Makale Formation of the Makale-Totumbang Road section, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15, 2, p. 3-23. (Makale Fm limestones in S Sulawesi mainly Tf1 Letter stage, possibly also Te5 near base and Tf2 at top. Presence of Austrotrillina howchini, Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus, Flosculinella bontangensis, Miogypsina antillea, etc. Age late E Miocene- early M Miocene) Sufriadin, K. Angayana & A. Sudarsono (2002)- Karakteristik mineralogi batubara daerah Tondongkurah, Kabupaten Pangkep, Sulawesi Selatan. In: Proc. Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya 2002, p. 185-192. ('Characteristics of coal mineralogy in the Tondongkurah area, Pangkep District, S Sulawesi') Sufriadin (2008)- Comparative petrography of Paleogene and Neogene coal deposits from Southern Arm Sulawesi. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 672-681. (Petrography of 18 coal samples from SW Sulawesi. Toraja Fm Paleogene coals higher vitrinite and liptinite than Neogene Fm coal, which have more inertinite and higher mineral matter (clay, iron sulfides, minor carbonate). Vitrinite reflectance wide range in Palaeogene (0.35- 0.86 %,) Neogene coals narrower range (0.44-0.60 %; lignite to HV Bituminous A coal). Maturity of some coals affected by igneous intrusions) Suherman, D., M.A. Isnandar, S. Damuar, A. Sukutjo & S. Soemardan (2008)- Reservoir characteristics of Donggi Field, Central Sulawesi, using inversion and AVO analysis methods. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-077, 12 p. (Donggi gas field in Matindok Block, Central Sulawesi, reservoired in Miocene carbonate build-up, with satisfactory porosity at almost all intervals) Sukamto, R. (1975)- Geological map of Indonesia, Ujung Pandang sheet, 1:1, 000, 000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Sukamto, R. (1975)- Perkembangan tektonik di Sulawesi dan daerah sekitarnya; suatu sintesis perkembangan berdasarkan tektonik lempeng. Geologi Indonesia (IAGI) 2, 1, p. 1-13. (’Tectonic development of Sulawesi and surrounding regions; a synthesis of the evolution of plate tectonics’) Sukamto, R. (1978)- The structure of Sulawesi in the light of plate tectonics. In: S. Wiriyusono & A. Sudradjat (eds.) Proc. Regional Conf. Geology Mineral Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1975, 2, p.121-142. Sukamto, R. (1981)- Geological map of the Danau Tempe Sheet South Sulawesi,1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung Sukamto, R. (1982)- The geology of the Pangkajene and Western part of Watampone Quadrangles, South Sulawesi, scale 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 27p + map. (SW Sulawesi map between 4-5°S. Bantimala basement complex of ultrabasics, metamorphics with NE-dipping foliation and 111 Ma K/Ar age and melange. Overlain by >2000m of Late Cretaceous flysch. Paleocene volcanics, 3000m of Eocene- M Miocene Tonasa carbonates, E-M Miocene and Late Miocene- E Pliocene volcanoclastics. No sedimentation or volcanic activity after Late Pliocene)


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Sukamto, R. (1986)- Tektonik Sulawesi Selatan dengan acuan khusus ciri-ciri himpunan batuan daerah Bantimala. Ph.D. Thesis, ITB, Bandung, p. (‘Tectonics of S Sulawesi, with special emphasis on Bantimala area’. Bantimala Melange includes tectonically mixed and imbricated Triassic- E Cretaceous rocks, including Kayubiti ultramafics, Bontorio metamorphics, Paremba sandstone (thought to have E Jurassic ammonites, but may be Late Cretaceous?; Grant-Mackie in Sukamto & Westermann 1992), Dengengdengeng basalt, schist breccia and Paring chert (Late Jurassic-E Cretaceous). Unconformably overlain by Late Cretaceous Balangbaru Fm forearc flysch, Alla Fm Paleocene arc volcanics, Eocene Malawa Fm terrestrial clastics, Late Eocene-E Miocene Tonasa Fm carbonates and MLate Miocene arc volcanics) Sukamto, R. & T.O. Simandjuntak (1983)- Tectonic relationship between the geologic provinces of Western Sulawesi, Eastern Sulawesi, and Banggai-Sula in the light of sedimentological aspects. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 7, p. 1-12. (also in Proc. 4th Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. SE Asia, GEOSEA IV, Manila 1981) (Threee different domains in Sulawesi: (1) W Sulawesi Late Cretaceous- Eocene flysch-type forearc sediments derived from volcanic arcs; (2) E Sulawesi oceanic environment of ophiolites overlain by Jurassic and Cretaceous pelagic sediments; (3) Banggai-Sula microcontinent with basement of Carboniferous metamorphics and Permo-Triassic plutonic rocks, overlain by Triassic-Cretaceous continent-derived shelfal sediments) Sukamto, R. & S. Supriatna (1982)- The geology of the Ujung Pandang, Benteng dan Sinjai Quadrangles, Sulawesi, scale 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 20p. (SW Sulawesi map. Oldest rocks Upper Cretaceous flysch over older metamorphics. Eocene marine clastics with Pellatispira in NE corner of map. Eocene- M Miocene Tonasa Fm carbonate platform 1750m thick or more. Early Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene volcanic activity) Sukapti, W.S. (2001)- Palynological study of the Burecing member, Walanae formation, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Tekn. Mineral (ITB) 8, 1, p. 29-36. Sukarna, D. (1998)- Tertiary geology of the West Arm Sulawesi and Southeastern Kalimantan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 8, 78, p. Sumadirdja, H., T. Suptandar, S. Harjoprawiro & D. Sudana (1973)- Reconnaissance geological map of the Palu Quadrangle, Sulawesi, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (NW Sulawesi map between 0-1°S, ‘neck’ between Makassar Straits and Tomini Bay, incl. onshore adjacent to Suramana Block. Oldest rocks are metamorphics, overlain by Eocene Tinombo Fm and Celebes Molasse. Probably different ages granitic intrusions. Looks basic) Sumartono, Sabtanto J.S. & Y.R. Ramli (2001)- Review on systematic geochemical mapping in SulawesiIndonesia. In: Proc. CCOP 37th Ann. Sess. Bangkok 2000, 2, Techn. Repts., p. 43-59. (Results of systematic geochemical mapping of SW and SE arms of Sulawesi. Three provinces distinguished: (1) West: magmatic arc granitoid intrusives associated with epithermal gold, porphyry copper-gold, volcanogenic massive sulphide, manganese and iron mineralisations (2) Central: metamorphic rocks and melange with rare metallic mineral occurrences and (3) East: ophiolite nappe with nickel, chrome and iron mineralisations) Suminto (1994)- Sedimentologi Formasi Tinombo di daerah Kecamatan Tinombo, Kabupaten Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral 4, 38, p. 2-8. (‘Sedimentology of the Tinombo Formation in the Kecamatan Tinombo, Donggala area, C Sulawesi’. On Late Eocene- E Oligocene clastics and limestones in 'neck' of Sulawesi) Suminto (1995)- Lingkungan pengendapan fasies sedimen klastika Formasi Walanae di daerah Lappariaja, Bone, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 5, 44, p. 8-11. ('Outline of clastic sediment facies of the Walanae Formation in the Lappariaja area, Bone, S Sulawesi') Sumosusastro, P.A., H.D. Tjia, A.R. Fortuin & J. Van der Plicht (1989)- Quaternary reef record of differential uplift at Luwuk, Sulawesi east arm, Indonesia. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 277-285.


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(Luwuk area near E tip of Sulawesi E arm dominated by raised coral reef terraces, elevations of >400 m. Lower group of 6- 10 terraces up to 30-100 m. Middle group up to 250m, 18°- 22° seaward sloping surface bordered by coast-parallel faults. Upper group of terraces >400 m above sea level. U/Th ages of four reef terraces at 410m, 62m, 19m and 6.6 m range from 350 ka- 67 ka. Uplift rate of highest terrace 184 cm/ka) Sunartadirdja, M.A. & H. Lehmann (1960)- Der tropische Karst von Maros und Nord-Bone in SW-Celebes (Sulawesi). Zeitschr. Geomorphologie, p. 49-65. ('The tropical karst of Maros and North Bone in SW Sulawesi'. Two types of karst on SW Sulawesi, steep-walled and rounded. Suggested explanations include differences in limestone type (Nummulites limestone versus coral limestone), age, and tectonic history, but thickness of limestone above valley floor is controlling factor) Sunarya, Y., T. Yoshida, K. Yudawinata, R. Rinawan, Hartono & B. Sutopo (2011)- The Sangkaropi massive sulphide deposit district, South Sulawesi: its implications for genesis and exploration for Kuroko-type deposits. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 230-242. Supandjono, J.B. & E. Haryono (1993)- Geology of the Banggai Sheet, Sulawesi-Maluku. Map 1:250,000, with brochure. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Suratman (2000)- Geologi dan endapan Ni-laterit Soroako Sulawesi Selatan. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 37-44. ('Geology and Ni-laterite deposits at Saroaka, S Sulawesi') Surjono, S.S. & P.N Pamurty (2011)- Dynamic sedimentation of Mapi Formation in Majene area, West Sulawesi. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-169, 10p. (Description of depositional environments in 3 traverses of M Miocene- Pliocene Mapi Fm (N16-N20) in SW Sulawesi controlled by tectonics of Sulawesi and volcanism. Overall shallowing-upward succession. Volcanism generated by subduction in both S and N arms of Sulawesi) Surmont, J., C. Laj, C. Kissel, H. Rangin, H. Bellon & B. Priadi (1994)- New paleomagnetic constraints on the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the North Arm of Sulawesi. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 121, p. 629- 638. (Paleomagnetism of Sulawesi N arm between 120- 122°E suggests post-Miocene CW rotation of ~20-25° of W part, probably during N-ward drift of N Arm along Palu-Matano sinistral transcurrent fault. Oligocene- E Miocene CW rotation of same amplitude documented by Sasajima et al. (1979). Between 122.5- 124°E CW and CCW rotations from ±6° to 85°, likely corresponding to microblock rotation and consistent with complex fault system of Gorontalo/ Kotamobagu shear zones) Surono (1989)- Molasa di lengan Timur Sulawesi. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 13, p. 39-45. (‘The molasse of Sulawesi’s East arm’. Widespread molasse deposits in E Sulawesi of M Miocene- Pliocene age, rich in ophiolite fragments. Also as 1981 IAGI Conference paper) Surono (1989)- Hubungan stratigrafi antara Kepulauan Banggai-Sula dan lengan Timur Sulawesi. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 13, p. 46- 60. (‘Stratigraphic relationship between the Banggai-Sula Islands and Sulawesi’s East arm’. Differerent types of basement and overlying rocks, but both overlapped by similar Late Miocene-Pliocene Celebes Molasse) Surono (1994)- Sedimentologic investigation of the Southeast Arm of Sulawesi with special reference to the Kendari area. Ph.D. Thesis Wollongong University, Australia, 211 p. (Unpublished) Surono (1994)- Stratigraphy of the Southeast Sulawesi continental terrane, eastern Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min.(J. Geol. Min. Res., GRDC) 31, 4, p. 4-11. (reprinted in Surono 2008) (SE Arm of Sulawesi continental terrane composed of metamorphic rocks, intruded by granites. Unconformably overlain by Late Triassic Meluhu Fm fluvial clastics, unconformably overlain by Paleogene Tampakura Fm carbonates. SE Sulawesi and Bangai-Sula block stratigraphy similar to central PNG. Collision between SE Sulawesi and Buton in latest Oligocene)


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Surono (1995)- A petrographic study of an oolitic limestone succession of the Eocene-Oligocene Tampakura Formation, South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min.5, 40, p. 2-11. (reprinted in Surono 2008, p. 103-118) (Oolites dominant in Tampakura Fm limestone, minor lime mudstone with planktonic foraminifera) Surono (1995)- Sedimentology of the Tolitoli Conglomerate Member of the Langkowala Formation, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 5, 46, p. 1-7. (reprinted in Surono 2008, p. 161-173) (E-M Miocene Tolitoli conglomerate is unconformable on Triassic clastics and Paleogene limestone. Deposited in braided rivers/ alluvial fan, with general paleocurrent direction to West) Surono (1996)- A regional stratigraphic review of the South East Arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 169-189. Surono (1997)- A preliminary study on the origin of dolomite in the Tampakura Formation, Southeast Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung 21, p. 151-161. (Dolomite in Eocene- E Oligocene oolitic Tampakura Fm in SE Sulawesi formed in intertidal- supratidal zones) Surono (1997)- A provenance study of sandstones from the Meluhu Formation, Southeast Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Miner. 7, 73, p. 2-16. (reprinted in Surono 2008) (Late Triassic Meluhu Fm sandstones dominated by quartz (mainly monocrystalline, also common polycrystalline) and lithics (sedimentary and metamorphic; very minor volcanics). Most likely source low-grade metasediments at SW margin of block) Surono (1997)- Geology and origin of the Southeast Sulawesi continental terrane, Indonesia. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1997, p. 961-974. (On SE Sulawesi Continental Terrane(s) in SE Arm of Sulawesi, overridden by E Sulawesi Ophiolite. Oldest unit pre-Carboniferous low-grade metamorphics, intruded by Permo-Triassic aplite and associated volcanics. Unconformably overlain by Meluhu Fm Triassic clastics, unconformably overlain by Tamborasi and 400m of Tampakura Fm Eocene-Early Oligocene carbonates. Similarities in stratigraphy suggest same origin as Banggai-Sula terrane; also similar to Kubor Anticline, PNG. Before collision with E Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt in latest Oligocene (E Miocene age of Sulawesi molasses in SE Sulawesi), joined with Banggai-Sula Terrane. Three pre-collision tectonic events: Permian-Late Triassic pre-rift (pre-breakup), Jurassic breakup and Late Jurassic-Oligocene rift-drift) Surono (1998)- A sedimentological study of the oolitic limestone succession of the Paleogene Tampakura Formation in Southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 33rd Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, 2, p. 10-41. (also in Surono 2008, p. 133-160) (Late Eocene- Early Oligocene Tampakura Fm consists of oolite, lime mudstone, wackestone, packstone and framestone, and widely distributed in N part of SE Sulawesi. Underlain by U Triassic Meluhu Fm clastics and unconformably overlain by Miocene Sulawesi Molasse. Tampakura Fm deposited in tidal environment. Basin configuration was rimmed shelf) Surono (1998)- Geology and origin of the Southeast Sulawesi continental terrane, Indonesia. Media Teknik (UGM) 20, 3, p. 33-42. (Same paper as Surono 1997) Surono (1999)- An organic petrology study on coal and carbonaceous rocks from the Triassic Meluhu Formation, Southeast arm of Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia. Majalah Geol. Indonesia 15, 1-2, p. (reprinted in Surono 2008) (Two coal seams, 0.7 and 0.9m thick, in basal part of Triassic Meluhu Fm of SE Sulawesi. Vitrinite is dominant maceral. Average vitrinite reflectance Rv 0.69%)


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Surono (2008)- Geology of the Southeast arm of Sulawesi. Geological Survey, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 35, p. 1213. (Reprint collection of 12 previously published papers on SE Sulawesi) Surono (2011)- Geologi lengan Tenggara Sulawesi. Geological Survey, Bandung, Spec. Publ., p. 1-159. (Review of geology of SE Sulawesi) Surono (2011)- Tektono-stratigrafi bagian Timur Sulawesi. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-054, 5 p. ('Tectonostratigraphy of Eass Sulawesi'. Brief review; no figures) Surono & S. Bachri (2002)- Stratigraphy, sedimentation and palaeogeographic significance of the Triassic Meluhu Formation, Southeast arm of Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 177-192. (SE Sulawesi M-L Triassic Meluhu Fm fluvio-deltaic clastics unconformable on metamorphic basement and unconformably overlain by Paleogene carbonates. Source area rugged and composed of metamorphic rocks, overlain by sandstone and volcanic rocks. Meluhu Fm deposited in humid tropical region. Palaeomagnetic study shows~25° clockwise rotation and paleolatitude of 20° S. Meluhu Fm early rift stage sediment on NW Australian continent. Continental fragment, including Meluhu Graben, separated from Australia to become allochthonous terrane before colliding with Sulawesi) Surono, M. Endharto, A. Azis & D.M. Ali (1992)- Sedimentology of the Meluhu Formation, Southeast Arm Of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 833-852. Surono, T.O. Simandjuntak & E. Rusmana (1997)- Collision mechanism between the oceanic and continental terranes in the Southeast private arm of Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, 21, p. 109-125. (reprinted in Surono 2008, p. 193-213) (Banggai-Sula terrane originated from PNG and collided with W Sulawesi volcanic arc in Oligocene. Collision caused anticlockwise rotation of S arm and clockwise rotation of N arm. SE Sulawesi-Buton also allochtonous continental terrane now juxtaposed with E Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt. In SE Sulawesi highly deformed Eocene- E Oligocene carbonates unconformably overlain by gently deformed E Miocene Celebes molasse, suggesting major deformation near Late Oligocene) Surono, T.O. Simandjuntak, R.L. Situmorang & Sukido (1994)- Geology of the Batui Quadrangle, Sulawesi. Quad 2114, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 38 p. (E Sulawesi map between 1 and 2°S, NW side of Tolo Bay, mapped in 1981. Two terranes: (1 Banggai-Sula Platform with Carboniferous metamorphics and Permo-Triassic granites and (2) E Sulawesi ophiolite belt, composed of Early Cretaceous ultrabasics overlain by Upper Cretaceous Matano Fm deep marine pelagic cherts and calcilutites. Terranes collided in M Miocene, creating Late Miocene- Pliocene molasse. Quaternary uplift. Oil seeps in several places along Batui thrust, the collision zone between ES ophiolite and BS Platform) Surono & D. Sukarna (1993)- Geology of the Sanana sheet, Maluku. Map 1:250,000 scale with explanatory notes. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Surono & D. Sukarna (1995)- The Eastern Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt, Eastern Indonesia. A review of its origin with special reference to the Kendari area. J. Geology Mineral Res. 46, p. 8-16. (also in Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 28 (2001), p. 1-10 and reprinted in Surono 2008) (Mafic-ultramafic rocks widespread in SE arm of Sulawesi. Rocks characterize mid-oceanic ridge type peridotite. Late Cretaceous- Late Oligocene age (does not fit with reported E Cretaceous radiolaria in overlying sediments?; HvG) and formed at 17-24°S. SE arm ophiolite probably thrust over SE Sulawesi continental terrane in Late Oligocene, while in E arm it occurred in E Miocene) Surono & D. Sukarna (1996)- Sedimentology of the Sulawesi molasse in relation to Neogene tectonics, Kendari area, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 6th Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, IGCP355, Serpong 1995, p. 57-72. (Reprinted in Surono 2008, p. 175-192)


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(Miocene- Pliocene Sulawesi Molasse post-collisional deposits, with E Miocene forams (Spiroclypeus) and nannofossils (NN3) in limestones in upper part of basal Matarape Fm conglomerates. Ophiole-derived fragments dominant in lower molasse, decreasing in size upsection, and more detritus from SE Sulawesi continental terrane, suggesting ophiolite formed thin cover over SE Sulawesi terrane) Surono & H.A. Tang (2009)- Batuan pembawa emas primer dari endapan emas sekunder di Kabupaten Bombana, Sulawesi Tenggara berdasarkan interpretasi inderaan jauh. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang 2009, 11p. (On SE Sulawesi secondary gold deposits in modern streams and in Miocene Langkowala Fm sandstones. Rivers draining from Mendoke and Rumbia Mts, formed by metamorphic and meta sediments, but igneous intrusion identified in W end of Mendoke Mountains) Sutjipto, M. (1999)- The geology and development of the Limpoga epithermal sediment-hosted deposit, Ratatotok Districk, North Sulawesi. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 235-252. Suyono & Kusnama (2010)- Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Sengkang Basin, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 5, 1, p. 1-11. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments/jgi20100101.pdf) (Neogene stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Sengkang Basin, onshore SW Sulawesi. Formed by NNW-SSE trending Walanae Fault system, followed by formation of Pliocene-Pleistocene foreland basin with Wprograding syn-orogenic Walanae Fm deposits. Fault system separated E and W parts of S Sulawesi and influenced Late Miocene- Quaternary deposition. Lower part of unit with small Late Miocene Tacipi Mb carbonate reefs in E Sengkang Basin. Lamasi Ophiolite in W Sulawesi and analogous E Sulawesi ophiolite separated by deep Bone Bay, suggesting that orogenic collapse may have occurred here) Swamidharma, Y.C.A. (2011)- Nickel laterite contents and grades in Sulawesi. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 289-298. Syaefuddin (1997)- Preliminary study of the geology and tectonics of the Flores Sea islands, South Sulawesi. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 291-313. Syafri, I. (2000)- Etude petrologique et geochimique des peridotites a grenat, eclogites et roches associees des parties Ouest et Centrale de l’ile de Sulawesi, Indonesie. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. de Paris 6, p. 1-455. (‘Petrological and geochemical study of garnet peridotites, eclogites and associated rocks in W and C parts of Sulawesi island’. Study of high-grade metamorphic rocks in Bantimala tectonic complex (Early Cretacoeus eclogites derived from Tethys ocean crust basalts in W-dipping subduction zone), Palu fault zone (granulites derived from arc volcanics; garnet peridotites exhumed from ~70km depth) and Wassupang melange (eclogites from oceanic gabbro subducted under W Sulawesi in Late Eocene- Early Oligocene) Syafri, I. (2002)- The eclogites and associated rocks from Wassupang melange in the eastern part of the Central Sulawesi metamorphic belt, Indonesia: P-T history and geodynamic implications. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya, 19p. Syafri, I., J.R. Kienast & J. Girardeau (1995)- New data on high-pressure rocks from Barru Complex, SouthWest Sulawesi, Indonesia: P-T history and geodynamic implications. Proc. 8th Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Energy Res. SE Asia, Manila 1995, p. Syafri, I., J.R. Kienast & R. Soeria-Atmadja (2005)- High-pressure granulite from Palu Valley, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia; P-T history and geodynamic implications. Majalah Geol. Indon. 20, 2, Spec. Ed., p. 68-79. (P-T conditions calculated from HP granulite at Palu suggest formed at ~65 km in upper mantle, while normally these form at 35-40 km depth. It may be derived from foreign (Australian?) material carried into subduction zone mantle wedge below continental crust of Sulawesi) Tan Sin Hok (1935)- Over ouderdomsbepalingen op grond van radiolarien van Oost-Celebes. De Ingen. In Nederl. Indie 1935, IV, 4, p. 31-33.


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('On age determinations based on radiolarians of E Sulawesi'. Questions validity of various JurassicCretaceous age determinations by Hojnos in Von Loczy (1934), but offers no suggestions for alternative ages) Tatsumi, Y., M. Murasaki, E.M. Arsadi & S. Nohda (1991)- Geochemistry of Quaternary lavas from NE Sulawesi: transfer of subduction components into the mantle wedge. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 107, p. 137-149. (Geochemistry of Quaternary Sangihe arc volcanics. Formed in intra-oceanic tectonic setting, not associated with backarc basin. All incompatible elements, except Pb, increase away from volcanic front) Tatsumi, Y., M. Murasaki, E.M. Arsadi & S. Nohda (1991)- Geochemistry of Quaternary lavas from NE Sulawesi: transfer of subduction components into the mantle wedge. In: Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium on Dynamics of subduction and its products, Yogyakarta 1991, LIPI, p. 144-170. (same paper as above) ’T Hoen, C.W.A.P. & K.G.J. Ziegler (1917)- Verslag over de resultaten van geologisch-mijnbouwkundige verkenningen en opsporingen in Zuidwest Celebes. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 44 (1915), Verh. 2, p. 235-363. (First extensive SW Sulawesi survey, with focus on Eocene coal occurrences. Brief discussion of gas seeps; no oil seeps encountered. With 1:200,000 scale geologic map and 1:20,000 detail maps of coal fields Tondong Koerah, Podo, Batoekoe and Malawa) Tjia, H.D. (1973)- Palu-Koro fault zone, Sulawesi. Berita Direktorat Geologi, Geosurvey Newsl. 5, p. 1-3. (Suggests 750km of sinistral displacement along NNW trending Palu-Koro fault zone of C Sulawesi (subsequent authors estimates closer to 200-250km; HvG)) Tjia, H.D. & P. Sumosusastro (1986)- Radiocarbon age of a 410-metre reef flat at Luwuk, Sulawesi. Warta Geologi, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 12, 3, p. 127-129. (Quaternary raised reef terraces at Luwuk Peninsula, E Sulawesi; more detail see Sumosusastro et al. 1989) Tjia, H.D. & T.H. Zakaria (1974)- Palu-Koro strike slip fault zone, Central Sulawesi. Sains Malaysiana (Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia), 3, p. 67-88. Trail, D.S., T.U. John,, M.C. Bird, R.C. Obial, B.A. Pertzel, D.B. Abiog & S. Parwoto (1974)- The general geological survey of Block 2, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. PT Tropic Endeavour Indonesia, Report, 68p. (Unpublished, but apparently widely circulated report that forms basis of much of knowledge of N Sulawesi Cenozoic arc-volcanic dominated geology) Tsujimori, T., V.B. Sisson, J.G. Liou, G.E. Harlow & S.S. Sorensen (2006)- Very-low-temperature record of the subduction process: a review of worldwide lawsonite eclogites. Lithos 92, p. 609-624. (Formation and preservation of lawsonite eclogites requires cold subduction to mantle depths and rapid exhumation. Glaucophane-bearing lawsonite eclogites together with serpentinite and garnet-quartz micaschists in Albian-age (106 Ma) accretionary complex in Barru complex, W Sulawesi. Mineralogy suggests peak conditions of P=~2.1 GPa and T=520 °C) Tuckey, S.H., N.M. Silvio & S.D. Potter (1998)- Geological modeling and resource estimation of the Toka Tindung epithermal gold deposit, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: S. Shedden (ed.) Gold & nickel ore reserve estimation practice seminar, Australasian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy 10, p. 76-92. Turner, S.J., P.A. Flindell, D. Hendri, I. Hardjana, P.F. Lauricella et al (1994)- Sediment-hosted gold mineralization in the Ratatotok District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 50, p. 317-336. (Gold mined in Ratatotok district in Minahasa Regency since at least 1850s. Newmont exploration delineated major sediment-hosted replacement-style deposit at Mesel, in Late Miocene impure limestone within island arc environment. Later uplift resulted in karst development in limestone and erosion of adjacent volcanic arc with deposition of thick epiclastic unit, followed by shallow level andesite intrusion into sequence. Mineralisation


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synchronous with late-stage reactivation of strike-slip faults. Elsewhere in district mineralisation in permeable zones along limestone-andesite contacts, quartz-calcite veins and stockworks) Turner, S.J., S.A.Garwin & A.H. Hofstra (2002)- Mesel SRHDG deposit and low-sulfidation gold veins in the Ratatotok District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geological Soc. America, 2002 Ann. Mtg., p. (Abstract) (N Arm of Sulawesi classic oceanic island arc with porphyry Cu and volcanic-hosted epithermal Au-Ag deposits. Ratatotok/ Mesel deposits hosted in Miocene carbonates deposited in NE-trending graben. Carbonate sequence deposited on and later covered by andesitic volcanics and volcaniclastics. Carbonates gently folded along E-W axes. Porphyritic andesite intrusions dated at 4.3 to 3.4 Ma) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1930)- Een tocht naar Tandjong Api, Oost Celebes. Onze Aarde 3, p. 282-286. ('A trip to Tanjung Api, East Sulawesi'. At N coast of E arm of Sulawesi serpentinitic rocks (lherzolite) from which self-igniting gases flow) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1939)- De atollen en barriere-riffen der Togian eilanden. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 11, 1, p. 139-187. (‘The atolls and barrier reefs of the Togian Islands’. Study of modern atolls and reefs in Tomini Gulf, N Sulawesi, with reconnaissance geology observations on Togian Islands. Oldest rocks are sediments, intruded by young volcanics (but no recent activity). Togian peak and nearby areas composed of andesite/ trachyte volcanic rocks. Raised reef terraces younger than Tf/ Miocene) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1942)- A revision of fossil corals from Celebes described by Dollfus. Geol. Mijnbouw (N.S.) 5, p. 14-16. Untung, M., J. Taruno, M. Ali, P. Kridoharto & S.S. Sukardi (1985)- Explanatory note on preliminary aeromagnetic map of the Makassar Strait. Proc. CCOP 20st Sess., Kuala Lumpur 1983, II, p. 199- 209. (Much of N Makassar Strait interpreted as probable oceanic crust) Utoyo, H. et al. (1997)- K-Ar age of granitoids from Palu-Koro fault zone, Central Sulawesi. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC, Bandung) 7, 71, p. 17-20. Utoyo, H. (1998)- K/Ar dan Ar/Ar batuan granitik daerah Kulawi, Sulawesi Tengah. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta 1998, 3, p. 72-76. ('Radiometric ages of granitic rocks in the Kulawi area, C Sulawesi'. Kulawi area in Palu-Koro fault zone area. Ar/Ar dates of biotite from granitic rocks dated between 3.1- 3.5 Ma, hornblende 6.4 Ma. K/Ar ages from biotite generally higher: 3.8- 10.1 Ma, hornblende 5.5 Ma) Utoyo, H. (2008)- Bijih besi di daerah Bonocani Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 18, 5, p. 309-317. ('Iron ore in Bontocani area, Bone district, S Sulawesi'. Iron ore associated with granitoid intrusions) Utoyo, H. & Subiyanto (2001)- Ofiolit Pegunungan Batui, Luwuk, Sulawesi Tengah. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 28, p. 27-46. ('Ophiolite of the Batui Mountains, Luwuk, Sulawesi'. Batui Mts ophiolite incomplete upper part of ophiolite sequence, with gabbro-basalt in N, dominantly serpentinite in S. Eocene and Miocene K/Ar ages (too young?HvG). No evidence of mineralization) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- Celebes. In: The geology of Indonesia, Government Printing Office, Nijhoff, The Hague, 1, p. 389-441. Van den Bergh, G.D., U.M. Lumbanbalu, P.L. de Boer & F. Aziz (1995)- Lithostratigraphy of the West Sengkang Basin. In: The geology and stratigraphy of the vertebrate-bearing deposits in the Sengkang Basin: the terrestrial faunal evolution of South Sulawesi during the Late Pliocene and Quaternary. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 18, p. 14-27.


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Van den Bergh, G.D., U.M. Lumbanbalu, P.L. de Boer & F. Aziz (1995)- Lithostratigraphy of the East Sengkang Basin. In: The geology and stratigraphy of the vertebrate-bearing deposits in the Sengkang Basin: the terrestrial faunal evolution of South Sulawesi during the Late Pliocene and Quaternary. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 18, p. 28-31. Van der Vlerk, I.M. & J.J. Dozy (1934)- The Tertiary rocks of the Celebes-expedition- 1929. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 10, p. 183-218. (appendix in Brouwer, 1934) (Documentation of Eocene with Pellatispira and Miocene limestones in different parts of Sulawesi) Van Leeuwen, T. (1981)- The geology of southwest Sulawesi with special reference to the Biru area. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosayono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 277-304. (SW Sulawesi Biru area E of Ujung Pandang (Makassar)almost complete U Cretaceous- U Miocene record. Basement is Bantimala Complex metamorphics (K/Ar age 111 Ma) and ultrabasic rocks and tectonic melange with NE-dipping radiolarian cherts, clastics and igneous rocks.. Metamorphics unconformably overlain by locally metamorphosed latest Jurassic-E Cretaceous sands, shale and radiolarian cherts. Sands near base with metamorphic and ultramafic rock clasts. U Cretaceous flysch-type succession folded and uplifted before deposition of thick andesitic Langi Fm volcanics, with Paleocene K/Ar age near base and upper part interbedded with Eocene coals and limestones with Pellatispira. Conformably overlain by ~400m U Eocene- M Miocene Tonasa Limestone (Tb- Lower Tf, but mid-Oligocene unconformity). Unconformably overlain by >1000m thick M and U Miocene Sopo-Walanae-Lemo Fm volcanics (~17- ~5 Ma?). Mid-Middle Miocene folding and uplift event, associated with 40° anticlockwise rotation of area. Also Upper Miocene unconformity at base of U Miocene Lemo andesitic volcanics and Plio-Pleistocene folding-uplift event) Van Leeuwen, T., C.M. Allen, A. Kadarusman, M. Elburg, J.M. Palin, Muhardjo & Suwijanto (2007)Petrologic, isotopic, and radiometric age constraints on the origin and tectonic history of the Malino metamorphic complex, NW Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 29, p. 751-777. (Malino Metamorphic Complex (MMC) at W end of Sulawesi N arm mica schists and gneisses from proximal turbidite and granitoid protoliths, with intercalations of greenschist, amphibolite, marble and quartzite. Devonian- Early Carboniferous age, Archean-Proterozoic inherited zircons, and isotopic signatures indicate terrane derived from New Guinea-Australian margin. Similarities with Birds Head basement suggests common origin. Greenschists around MMC from adjacent autochthonous Paleogene. Barrovian progression from greenschist through epidote-amphibolite to amphibolite. P-T estimations suggest 27-30 km burial. Cooling ages 23-11 Ma, and 7 Ma age for unconformably overlying volcanic rocks, indicate Miocene exhumation. Two tectonic scenarios: (1) continental fragment docked with Sulawesi in Mesozoic and exhumed as metamorphic core complex in Miocene; (2) subducted beneath N arm in Late Oligocene, then rapidly returned to surface) Van Leeuwen, T.M. & Muhardjo (2005)- Stratigraphy and tectonic setting of the Cretaceous and Paleogene volcanic-sedimentary successions in Northwest Sulawesi, Indonesia: implications for the Cenozoic evolution of Western and Northern Sulawesi. J. Asian Earth Sci. 25, p. 481-511. (W Sulawesi is rifted continental margin of E Sundaland. Metamorphic basement, partly of Australian origin, overlain by Late Cretaceous Latimojong Fm fore-arc turbidites. M Eocene- earliest Miocene transgressive cycle: syn-rift siliciclastics, nummulitic limestone and associated shelf sediments to deeper marine mudstones and turbidites (Budungbudung and Tinombo Fms). At same time N Sulawesi oceanic island arc, with bimodal Papayato volcanism on oceanic crust. Cretaceous- Paleogene volcanic and sedimentary suites contrasting tectonic setting of two provinces. Relationship between two domains not clear: probably formed continuous belt through Cenozoic, definitely connected by E Miocene. Paleogene deformation in N part of NW Sulawesi and unconformable relationship with overlying formations may be result of collision of N arm with Australianderived continental fragment in E Miocene, or M Miocene formation of extensional metamorphic core complex. Second major tectonic event Pliocene-ongoing, affects entire region) Van Leeuwen, T.M. & P.E. Pieters (2011)- Mineral deposits of Sulawesi. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 1-110.


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Van Leeuwen, T.M., E.S. Susanto, S. Maryanto, S. Hadiwisastra, Sudijono, Muhardjo & Prihardjo (2010)Tectonostratigraphic evolution of Cenozoic marginal basin and continental margin successions in the Bone Mountains, Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 38, 6, p. 233-254. (Bone Mts in SW Sulawesi composed of Oligocene- Lower Miocene transtensional marginal basin Bone Gp (MORB-like volcanics and interbedded hemipelagic mudstones), juxtaposed against Eocene- Miocene continental margin Salokalupang Gp. Latter: (1) M- U Eocene volcaniclastics with limestone intercalations in upper part, reflecting arc volcanism and carbonate development along Sundaland margin; (2) Oligocene calcarenites, deposited in a passive margin environment and (3) Lower- M Miocene clastics- volcanics, formed in extensional regime without subduction. Around 14-13 Ma start of widespread extension in SW Sulawesi, with potassic volcanism, reaching peak 1 Ma year later with juxtaposition of Bone Gp against Salokalupang Gp along Walanae strike-slip fault. Potassic volcanism continued up to end Pliocene, locally into Quaternary) Van Leeuwen, T.M., R. Taylor, A. Coote & F.J. Longstaffe (1994)- Porphyry molybdenum mineralization in a continental collision setting at Malala, Northwest Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 50, p.279-315. (Malala deposit in NW Sulawesi only known porphyry Molybdenum in Indonesia, associated with mainly granitic intrusives (Malala porphyries) as late differentiates in roof zone of Dondo batholith. Intrusives part of 600 km belt of granites and granodiorites, emplaced in continental margin (“W Sulawesi”) in Late MiocenePliocene, during and following collisions between several microcontinents and Sulawesi western magmatic arc/eastern subduction complex. Granitoids from partial melting of lower crust (possibly underthrusted Precambrian- Paleozoic continental crust) due to lithospheric thickening in continental collision regime) Van Schelle, C.J. (1889)- Opmerkingen over de geologie van een gedeelte der afdeeling Gorontalo, Res. Menado. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 1889, Wet. Ged. 2, p. 115-158. ('Remarks on the geology of a part of the district Gorontalo, Residency Manado') Van Schelle, C.J. (1889)- Verslag van een onderzoek naar de waarde van bekende goudvindplaatsen in de afdeeling Gorontalo (Res. Menado). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1889, Techn.-Adm. Ged., p. 3955. ('Report of investigation of the value of known gold occurrences in the district Gorontalo, Residency Manado') Van Vuuren, L. (1920)- Het gouvernement Celebes: proeve eener monographie. Encyclopedish-Bureau, Weltevreden, 535p. + Atlas volume, 25 maps. (Early geographic description of Sulawesi. Includes geology chapter, influenced by Wegener's continental drift theory) Vigny, C., H. Perfettini, A. Walpersdorf, A. Lemoine, W. Simons et al. (2002)- Migration of seismicity and earthquake interactions monitored by GPS in SE Asia triple junction: Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res. 107, B10, 2231, p. 7/1-7/11. (GPS- detected coseismic and transient postseismic deformation related to January 1996 earthquake on N Sulawesi (Minahassa) trench) Villeneuve M., J.J. Cornee, W. Gunawan, J. Girardeau, C. Monnier, J.P. Rehault et al. (1995)- Role of the Miocene extensional tectonic event in the blueschist exhumation and the molassic basin origin in the Sulawesi island (Indonesia). EUG 8, Terra Nova, Suppl., p. 119. (Abstract only) Villeneuve, M., J.J. Cornee, W. Gunawan, M.C. Janin, J. Butterlin, P. Saint-Marc & H. Samodra (2000)Continental block collision in the eastern arm of Sulawesi (Indonesia); structure and geodynamic interpretation. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, IIA, Earth Planet. Sci. 330, 5, p. 371-378. (E arm of Sulawesi result of collision between two continental blocks: Tokala in W and Banggai-Sula in E. Tokala block results from Oligocene obduction of ophiolitic Asiatic basin onto passive margin of Gondwanian block (Banda block), with collision with Asiatic active margin (W arm of Sulawesi) near end Oligocene or beginning of Miocene. Tokala Block then collided by Banggai-Sula block in E-M Pliocene or later)


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Villeneuve, M., J.J. Cornee, W. Gunawan, R. Martini, G. Tronchetti. M.C. Janin, P. Saint-Marc & L. Zaninetti (2001)- La succession lithostratigraphique du bloc de Banda dans la region de Kolonodale (Sulawesi central, Indonesie). Bull. Soc. Geol. France 172, 1, p. 59-68. ('Lithostratigraphy of the Banda Block in the Kolonodale area, C Sulawesi'. E and SE Sulawesi composed of two major continental blocks: (1) 'Banda block' (later called Kolonodale Block; HvG) including also Buru, Seram and Sinta Ridge, collided with Asian volcanic arc of W Sulawesi in Oligocene, then was dismembered during Late Neogene Banda Sea opening, and (2) Banggai-Sula block which drifted from Irian Jaya and collided with Banda block in Mid-Late Pliocene. Fragment of Banda block is in E Sulawesi, corresponding to the ophiolitic zone, where, in Kolonodale area, it is possible to reconstruct sedimentary succession under ophiolite, despite intensive deformations. Good overview of Late Triassic carbonates) Villeneuve, M., W. Gunawan, J.J. Cornee & O. Vidal (2002)- Geology of the Central Sulawesi belt (eastern Indonesia): constraints for geodynamic models. Int. J. Earth. Sci. (Geol. Rundschau) 91, 3, p. 524-537. (Sulawesi four major tectonic events: (1) Mid-Cretaceous in W arm; (2) Oligocene Eastward ophiolite obduction and collision of ‘Kolonodale Block’ of Gondwana origin, producing metamorphic belt in C Sulawesi; (3) Middle Miocene collision of Banda Block and Tukang-Besi Platform and (4) Middle Pliocene collision between Kolonodale and Banggai-Sula blocks) Villeneuve, M., J.P. Rehault, J.J. Cornee, J.A. Malod, J. Clermonte, J.M. Auzende, L. Sarmili, S. Burhanuddin, G. Glacon G. Tronchetti, L. Zaninetti & R. Martini (1993)- Plio-Quaternary evolution of the North Banda Sea and East Sulawesi margin. In: M.T. Zen (ed.) 10th anniversary of the French-Indonesian cooperation in oceanography; ocean research, technology and maritime industry, Adiwarna Citra, Bandung, p. 109-118. Von Koenigswald, R. (1933)- Over het zogenaamde voorkomen van Spirifer verneuilli Murch. op Celebes. De Mijningenieur 1933, 1, p. 14-16. ('On the alleged occurrence of Paleozoic brachiopod Spirifer verneuilli on Sulawesi'. Paleozoic brachiopod reported from Sulawesi by Brouwer is almost certainly from a Chinese pharmacy, not from Sulawesi (vK bought such fossils also in Bandung; presumably imported from China; Von Koenigswald 1931)) Von Kutassy, A. (1934)- Het Paleozoicum en de Trias van Oost Celebes. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 10, 3, p. 295-305. (‘The Paleozoic and Triassic of East Sulawesi’. Oldest rocks known from SE Sulawesi are partly metamorphosed Triassic-Jurassic Kendari Beds and Toeli Lst with Jurassic belemnites. Material collected by Von Loczy also contains dark grey marly bituminous limestone with probable Paleozoic (Permian) Oxytoma bivalve and Productus and Streptorhynchus brachiopods. Triassic Tokala Limestones and sandstones with macrofossils include locally common Misolia spp., also known from Timor, Buru, Seram and Misool) Von Kutassy, A. (1934)- Jong Tertiaire koralen en mollusken uit de molasse-afzettingen in Oost-Celebes. Verhand. Geologisch-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 10, p. 306-317. (‘Young Tertiary corals and molluscs from E Sulawesi molasse deposits’. Chapter in Von Loczy 1934 paper) Von Loczy, L. (1934)- Geologie van Noord Boengkoe en het Bongka-gebied tusschen de Golf van Tomini en de Golf van Tolo in Oost-Celebes. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 10, p. 219-322. (Report on BPM fieldwork in Bongka River region, Sulawesi E arm. 70% of area covered by ophiolites (peridotite, serpentinite gabbro), thrust over Triassic- U Cretaceous sediments (local contact-metamorphism), incl. 300-500m dense yellow U Triassic (Norian) limestone rich in Misolia, Tithonian belemnite limestone and radiolarian-bearing Jurassic- Cretaceous limestones. Higly folded Late Eocene limestones with DiscocyclinaPellatispira. Celebes molasse 1200m thick, with Miocene Lepidocyclina limestone near base. Separate chapters on microfauna (Hojnos, Van der Vlerk), Mesozoic macrofossils (Von Kutassy). Some of Von Loczy’s conclusions debated by Hetzel (1935), Oostingh (1935), Tan Sin Hok (1935)) Von Steiger, H. (1915)- Petrografische beschrijving van eenige gesteenten uit de onderafdeeling Pangkadjene en het landschap Tanette van het gouvenement Celebes en onderhoorigheden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 42 (1913), Verhand., p. 171-227.


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(Petrographic descriptions of mainly igneous rocks from Pajangkane and Tanette regions, SW Sulawesi. Includes glaucophane schist. With 1:150,000 scale geological map of departments Makassar and Bone by ‘T Hoen) Waheed, A. (1977)- Geology along the Matano Fault Zone East Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: Proc. Reg. Conf. Geology and Mineral Resources of SE Asia, Jakarta, 15 p. Wajdi, M.F., FBJ Budi Santoso, D. Kusumanto & S. Digdowirogo (2011)- Metamorphic hosted low sulphidation epithermal gold system at Poboya, Central Sulawesi: a general descriptive review. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 201-210. Wake, B., N. Silvio, A. Lattore, A.S. Iswahyudi & A. Purwanto (1996)- Geology of the Toka Tindung epithermal gold deposit, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: Proc. Conf. Porphyry related copper and gold deposits of the Asia Pacific Region, Cairns 1996, Australian Mineral Found., Adelaide, p. 9.1-9.8. (On Toka Tindung low sulphidation epithermal gold deposit on the N tip of Sulawesi, 35km NE of Manado. Two vein systems in Pliocene andesitic volcaniclastics) Wake B.A., A.S. Iswahyudi, & M. Dadi Kuswandi (1997)- Epithermal gold-silver mineralization in a fossil hot spring system, Toka Tindung, North Sulawesi. Seminar Nasional Sumber Daya Geologi, Fakultas Teknologi Mineral, UPN 'Veteran' Yogyakarta, p. Wakita, K. (2002)- Mystery man and mysterious unconformity in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Chishitsu News 573, p. 48-68. (in Japanese; online at http://www.gsj.jp/Pub/News/pdf/2002/05/02_05_05.pdf) Wakita, K., Munasri, J. Sopaheluwakan, I. Zulkarnain & K. Miyazaki (1994)- Early Cretaceous tectonic events implied in the time-lag between the age of radiolarian chert and its metamorphic basement in Bantimala area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Island Arc 3, p. 90-102. (Bantimala Complex of S Sulawesi mainly melange, chert, basalt, ultramafic rocks and high-P metamorphics. Radiolarian assemblage from unconformably overlying chert Mid-Cretaceous (late Albian-early Cenomanian), while K-Ar ages from schist range from 132 Ma- 114 Ma. This suggests brief tectonic event followed by quick waning tectonism during Albian-Cenomanian transgression) Wakita, K., J. Sopaheluwakan, K. Miyazaki, I. Zulkarnain & Munasri (1996)- Tectonic evolution of the Bantimala Complex, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 353-364. (Bantimala Complex NE-dipping tectonically stacked slices, composed mainly of high-P metamorphics and radiolarian chert, but also E-M Jurassic sandstones and overlain by mid-Cretaceous radiolarites and Late Cretaceous turbiditic series. Ages of metamorphics suggest oceanic plate subduction in Late J- earliest K. Subduction ceased in Albian; high-P schists exhumed due to collision of Gondwana-derived microcontinents) Walpersdorf, A., C. Rangin & C. Vigny (1998)- GPS compared to long-term geologic motion of the North arm of Sulawesi. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 159, p. 47-55. (Palaeomagnetic data from N arm of Sulawesi indicate ~20-25° rotation since 5 Ma. This suggests 200-250 km of left-lateral displacement along Palu-Koro fault. Similar Palu fault displacement derived from magnetic anomalies of Celebes seafloor, which implies 200- 250 km of oceanic crust subducted at N Sulawesi trench. Another marker for rotation derived from opening of Gulf of Tomini and NW migration of calc-alkaline subduction-related volcanism. GPS observation of 4 cm/year of left-lateral strike-slip across the Palu fault fit well with N arm motion of 4-5 cm/year. Current rates from GPS approximate long-term rates) Walpersdorf, A., C. Vigny, P. Manurun, C. Subarya & S. Sutisna (1999)- GPS observation of the Triple Junction, Indonesia. In: The GEODYnamics of S and SE Asia (GEODYSSEA) Project, GeoForschungs Zentrum, Potzdam, STR 98/14, p. 226-238.


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Walpersdorf, A., C.Vigny, C. Subarya & P. Manurung (1998)- Monitoring of the Palu-Koro Fault (Sulawesi) by GPS. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, p. 2313-2316. (5 years of GPS monitoring shows ~3.4 cm/yr left-lateral strike slip on Palu Fault) Wanner, J. (1910)- Beitrage zur Geologie des Ostarmes der Insel Celebes. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Palaeontol., Beilage Bd. 29, p. 739-778. (‘Contributions to the geology of the East Arm of Sulawesi Island’. Results of 2-month geological reconnaissance in 1905, mainly in SE side of E Arm, along Peleng Straits. Describes ultrabasic rocks in Central Mountains, rel. widespread Eocene and Oligo-Miocene shallow water carbonates, Celebes molasse) Wanner, J. (1914)- Eine Reise durch Ost-Celebes. Petermanns Mitt. 60, 1, p. 78-81. (‘A voyage through East Sulawesi’) Wanner, J. (1919)- Die Geologie von Mittel-Celebes nach den neueren Forschungen E.C. Abendanons und anderer. Geol. Rundschau 10, 1, p. 45-62. ('The geology of Central Sulawesi after new investigations of E.C. Abendanon and others’. Review of Central Sulawesi investigations) Wanner, J. & E. Jaworski (1931)- Liasammoniten von Jamdena und Celebes. Neues Jahrbuch f. Min., Geol., Pal., Beilage Bd. 66, B, p. 199-210. ('Liassic ammonites from Yamdena and Sulawesi'. Ammonites collected by BPM geologist Weber are first records of Early Jurassic ammonites from E Sulawesi (Arnioceras cf. seilaeve from dark grey sandy limestone as float in upper Balingara River, 20km SE of river mouth) and from Yamdena (Echioceras wichmanni, Asteroceras sparsicostatum n.sp. and Arnioceras cf. arnouldi from Tasik Selwasa and Botenjahu mud volcano deposits). Sulawesi material from poorly known central part of East arm. E. wichmanni from Yamdena also known from Roti and Timor; Krumbeck 1922) Waterschoot van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. (1915)- Voorloopige mededeeling in zake de geologie van CentraalCelebes. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 32, p. 188-204. (‘Preliminary communication on the geology of Central Sulawesi’. Heavily criticized by Abendanon 1915 for proposing sweeping regional conclusions based on only 11 days of fieldwork in small part of C Sulawesi) Waterschoot van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. (1915)- Bijdrage tot de geologie van Centraal-Celebes. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 43 (1914), Verh. 2, p. 16-73. (‘Contribution to the geology of Central Sulawesi’. Report on 2-week journey into C Sulawesi Toraja lands from Palopo at N end of Bone Bay. With illustrations of Eocene Nummulites, Assilina. Differs in opinion on earlier interpretations of De Sarasin and Ahlburg) Watkinson, I.M. (2011)- Ductile flow in the metamorphic rocks of Central Sulawesi. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 157-176. (Gneisses, amphibolites and schists exposed along Palu-Koro Fault of W-C Sulawesi are part of regionally metamorphosed Mesozoic-Precambrian basement. In Palu and Neck regions of Sulawesi, ductile shear fabrics record low-angle W-ward extension. Further south in Palu valley, extension directed towards SW. Crosscutting granitic dykes show foliation in neck region of Sulawesi occurred before ~44-33.7 Ma. In Palu valley it occurred before 5-3.5 Ma, precluding origin as result of Palu-Koro Fault activity. Ductile flow occurred during either Eocene-Miocene mid-crustal extension above metamorphic core complex, Cretaceous subduction-related deformation in over-riding plate, or intracontinental deformation within Gondwana) Watkinson, I.M. & R. Hall (2011)- The Palu-Koro and Matano faults, Sulawesi, Indonesia: evolution of an active strike-slip fault system. Geophysical Research Abstracts 13, EGU2011-8270, EGU Gen. Assembly 2011. (Abstract only. Palu-Koro and Matano faults of Sulawesi important active strike-slip faults. Palu-Koro fault slip rate 32-45 mm/yr and left-lateral displacement about 200 km. Shorter Matano fault SE continuation and now in process of coalescing with Palu-Koro fault. Faults probably did not initiate before ~5 Ma)


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Werdmuller, J.O. (1926)- Petrographische Untersuchung von Eruptivgesteinen des Pik von Maros in Sud-WestCelebes. Mitt. Schweiz. Miner. Petrogr. 6, 2, p. 209-254. ('Petrographic investigation of volcanic rocks of the peak of Maros in SW Sulawesi') Whitten, A.J., M. Mustafa & G.S. Henderson (1988)- The ecology of Sulawesi. Gadjah Mada Univ. Press, Yogyakarta, p. 1-777. (Reprinted 2002, Periplus Edition, 727p.) Wichmann, A. (1893)- Uber Glaukophan-Epidot-Glimmerschiefer von Celebes. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal. 1893, 2, p. 176-178. (‘On glaucophane-epidote-mica schists from Sulawesi'. First description of glaucophane schist from SW Sulawesi in float of Pajangkene River) Wichmann, A. (1893)- Leucitgesteine von der Insel Celebes. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 53, p. 315-331. (‘Leucite-bearing rocks from Sulawesi island’. First description of Neogene leucite-bearing volcanics, which are widespread across SW Sulawesi, previously known only from N Java and Bawean) Wichmann, A. (1895)- Zur Geologie der Insel Saleijer. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 54, p. 236-268. (‘'On the geology of Salayar Island', S of Sulawesi) Wichmann, A. (1896)- Bemerkungen zur Geologie des Posso-Gebietes. Petermann’s Geogr. Mitt. 42, p. 160165. (‘Remarks on the geology of the Poso area’. Wichmann 1902, p. 157: entire area of Tanjung Api (with burning gas seep) is composed of serpentine) Wichmann, A. (1898)- Gesteine von der Insel Gagi, Gesteine von der Insel Banua Wuhu. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl. Indie 57, p. 196-220. (‘Rocks from the island Gagi and the island Banua Wuhu') Wichmann, A. (1902)- Der Vulkan der Insel Una Una (Nanguna) im Busen von Tomini, Celebes. Zeitschr. Deutschen Geol. Ges. 1902, p. 144-158. (The volcano of Una-Una island in Tomini Bay, Sulawesi'. Erupted in 1898, with ash reaching E Borneo) Widiasmoro, B. Priadi & R. Soeria-Atmadja, (1997)- Granitoid Neogene tipe tumbukan di zona sesar PaluKoro, Sulawesi Tengah. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1997, p. 371-389. (‘Neogene granitoid in Palu-Koro fault zone, Central Sulawesi’) Widijono, B.S. & B. Setyanta (2000)- Model kerak dan implikasi geodinamika lajur sesar Palu-Koro sajian analisis data gayaberat, kegempaan dan kinematika. Geol. Res. Dev.Centre, Geophys. Ser. 1, p. 21-34. (Crustal model of area of Palu-Kuro fault zone from gravity-magnetic data) Wijaya, P.H., J. Widodo, N.A. Kristanto, Subarsyah, Susilohadi & L. Arifin (2007)- Data baru Cekungan Gorontalo perairan Teluk Tomini, Sulawesi: integrasi data seismik dan magnetik untuk mengidentifikasi potensi hidrokarbon. Mineral dan Energi 5, 1, p.42-49. ('New data from the Gorontalo Basin, Tomini Bay, Sulawesi: integration of seismic and magnetics for identification of hydrocarbon potential') Wijbrans, J.R., H. Helmers & J. Sopaheluwakan (1994)- The age and thermal evolution of blueschists from South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia: the case of slowly cooled phengites. Mineral. Mag. 58A (Goldschmidt Conf. 1994), p. 975-976. (Abstract only. SE Sulawesi blueschist belt graphite-mica schists and metabasites of MORB affinity. Ar/Ar dates 20.8- 27.5 Ma)


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Willems, H.W.V. (1937)- Contribution to the petrology of the crystalline schists of western Central Celebes (Netherlands East Indies). Doct. Thesis University of Amsterdam, 147p. (Descriptions of metamorphic rocks along two traverses collected by 1929 Celebes expedition (Brouwer, 1934). All are epi- to mesometamorphic grade, with general increase in metamorphism from E to W. Calcareous rocks more numerous in southern traverse) Williamson, A. (2011)- Discovery and development of Toka Tindung low sulphidation epithermal gold project. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Conf. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 259-266. Wilson, M.E.J. (1995)- The Tonasa Limestone Formation, Sulawesi, Indonesia: development of a Tertiary carbonate platform. Ph.D. Thesis University of London, 520 p. Wilson, M.E.J. (1996)- The geology of Sulawesi with special reference to western Sulawesi. University of London, Geological Research in Southeast Asia, Report 135, 72 p. (Unpublished) Wilson, M.E.J. (1996)- Evolution and hydrocarbon potential of the Tertiary Tonasa Limestone Formation, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 227-240. (Eocene- M Miocene Tonasa Lst of S Sulawesi started as transgressive sequence. By Late Eocene 100 km long Tonasa carbonate platform. Shallow-water sedimentation continuous until M Miocene on parts of platform, but active normal faulting caused basinal graben formation and subaerial exposure in other areas. Platform top mainly large benthic foraminifera facies. Facies belts trend E-W and relatively static through time. Tertiary exposure of shallow-water facies affected by block faulting. In grabens basinal marls interbedded with coarse redeposited carbonates. Lack of abundant aragonitic bioclasts and localized subaerial exposure result in little porosity development in platform top. Redeposited facies are porous and permeable, and most likely to form hydrocarbon reservoirs) Wilson, M.E.J. (1999)- Prerift and synrift sedimentation during early fault segmentation of a Tertiary carbonate platform, Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 16, 8, p. 825-848. (Eocene- M Miocene Tonasa Fm carbonate platform in SW Sulawesi reflects Late Eocene- E Miocene rifting) Wilson, M.E.J. (2000)- Tectonic and volcanic influences on the development and diachronous termination of a Tertiary tropical carbonate platform. J. Sedim. Res. 70, p. 310-324. (Sulawesi Eocene- M Miocene syntectonic Tonasa carbonate platform developed W of volcanic arc and overlain by M-U Miocene volcanics. Greatest extent Late Eocene. Tectonics and volcanism influenced evolution and diachronous termination in 4 ways: (1) Paleogene volcanic activity limited E-ward extent of platform but had little effect in W S Sulawesi. (2) Late Eocene faulting resulted in platform segmentation, localized drowning in hanging wall areas and subaerial exposure on footwall highs. (3) E-M Miocene faulting around early stages of volcanism in W S Sulawesi resulted in localized tilting of fault blocks, formation of new graben, and exposure of footwall highs. (4) M Miocene volcaniclastics influx buried remaining areas of shallow-water carbonates. Carbonate production contemporaneous with volcanism in areas shielded from volcaniclastic input) Wilson, M.E.J. & A. Ascaria (2000)- The Cenozoic carbonates and petroleum systems of South Sulawesi. IPA Field Excursion, October 2003, 55p. Wilson, M.E.J., N.A. Ascaria, D.Q. Coffield & N. Guritno (1997)- The petroleum systems of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 561-567. (S Sulawesi early Tertiary transgressive sequences marginal marine clastics passing upwards into carbonates overlain by deeper marine sediments. In S Sulawesi, late Tertiary magmatism and subsequent Pliocene orogenesis resulted in the formation of multiple kitchen areas) Wilson, M.E.J. & D.W.J. Bosence (1996)- The Tertiary evolution of South Sulawesi: a record in redeposited carbonates of the Tonasa Limestone Formation. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 365- 389.


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(Redeposited carbonate facies of Eocene- M Miocene Tonasa Limestone Fm reliable indicators of tectonic activity. Immaturity and provenance of clasts indicate redeposited facies derived from faulted N margin of Tonasa Carbonate platform. Three main faulting phases indicated by redeposited facies: Late Eocene- E Oligocene, M Oligocene and E-M Miocene) Wilson, M.E.J. & D.W.J. Bosence (1997)- Platform-top and ramp deposits of the Tonasa carbonate platform, Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 126, p. 247-279. (Facies analysis of shallow-water platform and ramp deposits of SW Sulawesi Late Eocene- M Miocene Tonasa carbonate platform. Platform dominated by foraminifera and had ramp-type S margin. Facies belts on platform trend E-W, remaining remarkably stable through time indicating aggradation of platform-top. Outer ramp deposits prograded S at intervals into basinal marls. Moderate- to high-energy platform top or redeposited carbonate facies may form hydrocarbon reservoirs) Wilson, M.E.J., D.W.J. Bosence & A. Limbong (2000)- Tertiary syntectonic carbonate platform development in Indonesia. Sedimentology 47, p. 395-419. (Evolution of syntectonic Eocene- M Miocene Tonasa Fm. Deposited initially as part of transgressive sequence in backarc setting. By late Eocene shallow-water carbonates deposited over much of S Sulawesi forming 100km long platform. Shallow-water sedimentation continued in parts of platform until M Miocene. Elsewhere, active normal faulting resulted in fault-block platforms, with local subaerial exposure of footwall blocks and formation of graben. Platform-top facies aggradational and dominated by larger benthic foraminifera. Faults periodically active and formed steep escarpment margins. Regional subsidence and extension low on margins of backarc basin. Shallow-water accumulation rates for this foraminifera-dominated carbonate platform order of magnitude lower than those for modern warm-water platforms dominated by corals or ooids) Wilson, M.E.J. & S.J. Moss (1999)- Cenozoic palaeogeographic evolution of Sulawesi and Borneo. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 145, p. 303-337. (Early Eocene- Pliocene paleogeographic maps on plate tectonic reconstructions illustrate evolution of Borneo and Sulawesi in Tertiary. Progressive accretion of continental and oceanic material from E onto E margin of Sundaland, with resultant development of volcanic arcs. Large tracts of W Sulawesi, E Borneo, E Java Sea and Makassar Straits formed extensive basinal area through much of Tertiary) Wing Easton, N. (1918)- Rustig of dansend Celebes? Beschouwingen, studien en kritieken naar aanleiding van E.C. Abendanon's "Geologische en geografische doorkruisingen van Midden-Celebes". Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen. 35, p. 606-677. (Lengthy, critical review of Abendanon 1915 classic books on Sulawesi fieldwork) Wisanggono, A., P. Abaijah, K. Akiro, D. Pertiwi & R.A. Sauzy (2011)- Supergene enriched, intrusion related low sulphidation deposit Binebase-Bawone, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: N.I. Basuki (ed.) Proc. Sulawesi Minerals Resources 2011, Manado, MGEI/IAGI, p. 131-144. Witkamp, H. (1940)- Langs de Lariang rivier (West Celebes). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Genootsch. 47, p. 581-600. ('Along the Lariang River, W Sulawesi'. Report of travel up river, with some minor geological observations) Wunderlin, W. (1913)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gesteine von Sudost-Celebes. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museum Leiden, Ser. 1, 9, p. 244-280. (’Contributions to the knowledge of rocks from SE Sulawesi’. Descriptions of rocks from SE Sulawesi and adjacent islands Buton, Kabaena and Rumbia, collected by Elbert in 1909. Includes ultramafic rocks (hartzburgite, serpentinite, gabbro) from Buton, Rumbia and Kabaena, metamorphics (amphibolite, glaucophane schist) from Rumbia island and Mendoke Mts on SE Sulawesi) Yoshida, T., C. Hashullah & T. Ohtagaki (1982)- Kuroko-type deposits in Sangkaropi area, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mining Geol. 32, 175, p. 369-377. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...)


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('Kuroko-type' deposits in Miocene (more likely Late Eocene- E Oligocene?; HvG) rhyolitic pyroclastic arc volcanics in central part of W Sulawesi. Ore deposits in Sangkaropi area associated with submarine volcanism. Some deposits stratiform, covered with thin barite layer. Ore minerals include sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, tetrahedrite, bornite, etc.) Yulianto, I. (2003)- Neogene magmatic arc in the Minahasa Region, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: B. Ratanasthien et al. (eds.) Pacific Neogene paleoenvironments and their evolution, 8th Int. Congr. on Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Chiang Mai, 2003, p. Yulihanto, B. (2004)- Hydrocarbon play analysis of the Bone Basin, South Sulawesi. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and frontier exploration in Asia & Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 333-348. (Bone Basin of S Sulawesi between SW volcanic arc and SE collision complex. Rimmed by N-S faults. Tertiary sedimentation M-Late Eocene or older syn-rift deltaic-shallow marine sediments (Toraja/ Malawa Fm), followed by Oligo-Miocene marine carbonates and clastics (Tonasa/ Makale Fm). M Miocene- Pliocene clastic/volcanoclastic deposits with carbonates in parts of basin. Late Miocene shallow marine carbonates (Camba Fm, Tacipi Fm), laterally changing to deep marine sediments, followed by Late Miocene-Pliocene progradational sediments (Walanae Fm). M-Late Eocene deltaic-shallow marine syn-rift sediment potential source rock that reached maturity in M-Late Miocene. With facies maps for 5 time slices) Yuwono, Y.S. (1987)- Contribution a l'etude du volcanisme potassique de l'Indonesie. Exemples du Sud-Ouest de Sulawesi et du volcan Muria (Java). Doct. Sci. Thesis, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, vol. 1, p. 1-285, vol. 2, p. 1-166. ('Contribution to the study of potassic volcanism of Indonesia; examples from SW Sulawesi and the Muria volcano (Java)') Yuwono, Y.S. (1988)- G. Lompobotang, Sulawesi Selatan, petrologi dan mineralogi. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. ('Lompobotang Mountain, S Sulawesi, petrology and mineralogy') Yuwono, Y.S. (1990)- Produk volkanik Pare-Pare (Sulawesi Selatan): contoh deret shoshonitik di Indonesia. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 68-90. ('Volcanic products of Pare-Pare (S. Sulawesi): an example of a shoshonitic sequence in Indonesia') Yuwono, Y.S., H. Bellon, R. Soeria-Atmadja & R.C. Maury (1985)- Neogene and Pleistocene volcanism in South Sulawesi. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1985, p. 169-179. (S-most Sulawesi volcanics late M Miocene (12 Ma)- Pleistocene (1.2 Ma), not typical calc-alkaline subduction volcanics. Most rocks silica-undersaturated. Paleocene subduction responsible for arc volcanics. Second Wdipping subduction phase in E Miocene, terminating with collision of W and E arms and obduction of oceanic fragments. From end M Miocene- Pleistocene high K volcanism not linked to subduction, but developed in extensional intraplate context) Yuwono, Y.S. S. Digdowirogo, J. Cotton, H. Bellon & B. Priadi (1995)- Petrology of some magmatic rocks from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Jurnal Teknol. Mineral (ITB) 2, 3, p. (Fourteen magmatic rock samples from N portion of N Sulawesi, collected in 1989-1990. Four samples selected for K/Ar dating. Subduction-type magmatism with orogenic tholeiitic and calc alkaline affinities from Oligocene(?)- M Miocene. Post-M Miocene magmatic activity of shoshonitic affinity believed to be post subduction. Evolution of N Sulawesi similar to C and central portions of magmatic arc of W Sulawesi, with subduction ending in M Miocene, coinciding with start of collision between E and W Arms of Sulawesi) Yuwono, Y.S., R.C. Maury, R. Soeria-Atmadja & H. Bellon (1988)- Tertiary and Quaternary geodynamic evolution of South Sulawesi: constraints from the study of volcanic units. Geol. Indonesia 13, 1, p. 32-48. (S Sulawesi M Miocene and older volcanic rocks are of 'orogenic origin'. Volcanics younger than M Miocene not related to subduction)


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Zulkarnain, I. (1994)- Lingkungan tektonik komplek Bantimala: implikasinya terhadap kualitas mineral garnet sebagai batu mulia. Proc. 30th Anniv. Symp., Res. Dev. Centre for Geotechnology (LIPI), p. Zulkarnain, I. (1999)- Cretaceous tectonic events of the Bantimala Area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; evidence from rock chemistry. Jurnal Teknol. Mineral (ITB) 6, 2, p. 65-77. (Bantimala Complex melange, Albian-Cenomanian chert, basalt, ultramafics and various grade metamorphic rocks, dated as 132-114 Ma. Wide SiO2 range (44-86%) in 36 metamorphic rocks precursor rocks vary from basaltic to granitic to sedimentary rock. Glaucophane indicates origin in subduction system, exhumed from different levels of Benioff zone. High-P metamorphic rocks granitic and sedimentary character indicating derivation from micro continent. Subduction system ceased when micro continent subducted in Mid-Cretaceous. Exhumation of metamorphic rocks just after metamorphism and before deposition of chert) Zulkarnain, I. (2001)- Rock chemistry of Quarternary volcanics around Manado and Siau Island, North Sulawesi. Jurnal Teknol. Mineral (ITB) 8, 1, p. 37-52. (Volcanic rocks around Manado two suites based on position in subduction zone: (1) trench-side (E of Manado; lower trace element content (Ba, Nb, Rb, Sr), and longer crystallization history, producing wide range in composition from basaltic to dacitic) and (2) backarc (N and W of Manado; more primitive with narrow range in composition (basaltic to andesitic) and higher content of trace elements). Volcanics from Siau classified as trench-side type.) Zulkarnain, I. (2002)- Geochemical signatures of volcanic rocks from Sangihe Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Buletin Geol. (ITB) 34, p. 21-33. Zulkarnain, I., J. Sopaheluwakan & E.T. Sumarnadi (1993)- Komplek Malihan Bontoria, daerah Mangilu, Kabupaten Pangkejene Kepulauan, Sulawesi Selatan. Seminar of Research results of R&D Centre for Geotechnology LIPI, p. ('Bontoria metamorphic complex, Mangilu area, Pangkajene Kepulauan District, S Sulawesi') Zulkarnain, I., J. Sopaheluwakan, K. Wakita & K. Miyazaki (1993)- The origin of the Bantimala eclogite: a preliminary view. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1993, 1, p. 147-158. (Bantimala complex of SW Sulawesi high pressure glaucophane schist underlying Late Cretaceous Balangbaru Fm flysch. K/Ar date of schist 132 Ma; exhumation probably several 10’s of My later. Precursor rock is trench greywacke sandstone, probably subducted to 10’s of km to 350- 520°C, 08-18 kb)


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V.2. Buton, Tukang Besi Ali, J.R., J. Milsom, E.M. Finch & B. Mubroto (1996)- Southeastern Sundaland accretion: palaeomagnetic evidence for large Plio-Pleistocene thin skin rotations in Buton. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 431-444. (Tukang Besi Platform docked with Sundaland/East Buton in Pliocene; wide array of paleomagnetic results of surface sediments suggest thin-skinned block rotations) Beets, C. (1943)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der angeblich oberoligocanen Mollusken-Fauna der Insel Buton, Niederlandsch-Ostindien. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 13, p. 256-328. (‘Contributions to the knowledge of the supposedly Oligocene-age mollusk fauna of Buton Island, Netherlands East Indies’. Description of mollusks from asphalt beds on Buton in collections in The Netherlands. Looks like diverse, but endemic faunas (51 new species+ 11 species already described by Martin 1933- 1935, 1937). Age of fauna uncertain, but possibly Late Oligocene as suggested by Martin. (in Beets 1952 believed to be younger)) Beets, C. (1943)- On Waisiuthyrina, a new articulate brachiopod genus from the Upper Oligocene of Buton (S.E. Celebes), Dutch East Indies. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 13, p. 341-347. (Description of new species of terebratulid brachiopod from asphalt rocks of Buton. Brachiopods are generally very rare in Tertiary of Indonesia) Beets, C. (1943)- Weitere Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen den Oberoligocaenen Mollusken von Buton (S.E. Celebes) und den Neogenfaunen des Ostindischen Archipels. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 13, p. 349-355. ('Additional relationships between the Upper Oligocene mollusks from Buton (SE Sulawesi) and the Neogene faunas of the East Indies archipelago'. 'Oligocene' Buton mollusk faunas mostly endemic in character, but most similarities with Late Neogene of E Indonesia) Beets, C. (1952)- Reconsideration of the so-called Oligocene fauna in the asphaltic deposits of Buton (Malay Archipelago). 1. Mio-Pliocene mollusca. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 17, p. 237-258. (Mollusks from asphaltic marls of Buton previously considered Oligocene- lowermost Miocene in age, but are Mio-Pliocene) Bothe, A.C.D. (1928)- De asfaltgesteenten van het eiland Boeton, hun voorkomen en economische betekenis. De Ingenieur, Mijnbouw 4, p. 27-45. (‘The asphalt rocks of Buton Island, distribution and economic significance’) Chamberlain, M.I., R.D. Seago, Soebardi & Sumitra (1990)- Hydrocarbon prospectivity of Buton Island, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. Earth Resources Inst. (ESRI) Rept. EIB90-1, 232p. (Unpublished) Davidson, J.W. (1991)- The geology and prospectivity of Buton island, southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 209-234. (Stratigraphy-structure Buton different from SE Sulawesi-Muna; more similar to Timor, Seram, Buru. Sedimentation controlled by four tectonic events: (1) 'Pre-Rift'- Permian(?) metasediments, unconformably overlain by E Triassic turbidites derived from Australia- New Guinea continent; (2) 'Rift-Drift'- Late Triassic rifting (turbidites), M Jurassic breakup, and Late Jurassic- Oligocene NW drift (deep marine calcilutites) from Australia- New Guinea; (3-4) 'Syn and Post-Orogenic'- E-M Miocene coarse clastics, Late Miocene fine clastics, and Pliocene marls-claystones. Coarse clastics deposited in intra-thrust basins, generated by E-M Miocene collision of Buton microcontinent with Muna/ SE Sulawesi. Pliocene sedimentation coincided with regional subsidence of Buton following accretion of island to Sulawesi, and E shift of subduction zone) Escher, B.G. (1920)- Atollen in den Nederlandsch-Oost-Indischen Archipel. De riffen in de groep der Toekang Besi-eilanden. Meded. Encycl. Bureau, Batavia, 22, 18 p. (‘Atolls in the Netherlands East Indies Archipelago: the reefs in the Tukang Besi Group’. Some of modern Tukang Besi reefs off SE Sulawesi true atolls up to 48km long, some small barrier reefs around islands up to 274m in height. Reefs arranged in four NW-SE trending rows, possibly controlled by two anticlinal axes (with barrier reefs) and two synclinal axes (with atolls)) Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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Fortuin, A.R., M.E.M. De Smet, S. Hadiwasastra, L.J. van Marle, S.R. Troelstra & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1990)Late Cenozoic sedimentary and tectonic history of south Buton, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 2, p.107-124. (Late Cenozoic deposition started at 11 Ma after main deformation related to collision of Buton microplate with SE Sulawesi. Rapidly subsiding Late Miocene foreland basin initially with coarse clastic Tondo Fm gravity flows, followed by later Late Miocene Sampolakosa Fm pelagic deposition. Late Pliocene (3.5 Ma) start of uplift, probably caused by collision between Buton and Tukang Besi Platform submerged microcontinent, and causing 60° clockwise rotation of S Buton) Hadiwisastra, S. (2009)- Kondisi aspal dalam Cekungan Buton. J. Riset dan Pertambangan 19, 1, p. 49-57. ('Condition of asphalt in the Buton Basin'. Buton heavy asphalt in outcrop in South Buton. Reservoired in Neogene Sampolakosa and Tondo units in SW-NE trending Lawele Graben) Hetzel, W.H. (1930)- Over de geologie der Toekang Besi eilanden. De Mijningenieur 1930, 11, 3, p. 51-53. (‘On the geology of the Tukang Besi islands’. Uplifted islands of Tomea, Wangiwangi and Kaledupa mainly composed of late Neogene Globigerina limestones. Strike of folded Tertiary beds at right angles to the NW-SE trend of rows of raised islands and atolls, suggesting earlier phase of folding, followed by later block-faulting) Hetzel, W.H. (1936)- Verslag van het onderzoek naar het voorkomen van asfaltgesteenten op het eiland Boeton. Verslagen en Mededeelingen betreffende Indies delfstofkunde en hare toepassingen. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.Indie, Batavia, 21, p. 1-56. ('Report of an investigation of the occurrence of asphalt-bearing rocks on Buton Island'. Detailed descriptions of surface asphalt deposits, probably originated from Triassic oil. Bitumen impregnations in Miocene sandstones and Pliocene Globigerina marls, unconformably overlying complexly folded, deep marine TriassicCretaceous (-Eocene?) sediment series) Hetzel, W.H. (1936)- Boetoniet, een bijzonder gesteente van het eiland Boeton (ZO Celebes). De Ing. In Nederl. Indie, Sect. IV, 5, 10, p. 151-155. (Dark, glassy rock from S Buton along margins of peridotite named ‘Boetonite’. Mainly in S Buton, at W side of Kapantoreh Mountains. Commonly as veins in Triassic and Neogene. Contain chromite and marcasite. Possibly hydrothermal weathering product near ultrabasic rocks) Horizon/ Robertson (2004)- Buton prospectivity screening study. Unpublished multi-client sudy Jakarta, 118p. Kanehara, K. (1943)- Boeton Island (Dutch East Indies), its geology, asphalt and manganese ore. Chigaku Zasshi (= J. Geography, Tokyo) 55, 653, p. 237-264. (Review of Hetzel (1936) report) Keijzer, F.G. (1945)- Upper Cretaceous smaller foraminifera from Buton (D.E.I.). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 48, p. 338-339. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017937.pdf) (Tertiary asphalt-bearing marls of Buton generally pure Globigerina-Globorotalia-marls, probably Neogene. One sample with angular white and grey pieces of limestone (resembling Cretaceous Globotruncanalimestones), grey and black pieces of chert, and common reworked Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera, incl. Globotruncana arca, Gt. calcarata, Psueudotextularia varians, Planoglobulina acervulinoides, etc.) Keijzer, F.G. (1953)- Reconsideration of the so-called Oligocene fauna in the asphaltic deposits of Buton (Malay Archipelago). 2. Young-Neogene foraminifera and calcareous algae. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 17, p. 259293. (Foraminifera from Buton asphalt-bearing marls high-diversity deep marine benthics and common planktonics of (Late Miocene-?) Pliocene age, not Oligocene as previously postulated. One Pliocene sample is breccia with reworked Upper Cretaceous clasts and Globotruncana planktonic forams, and may be indicative of mud volcanism)


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Koswara, A. & D. Sukarna (1994)- Geological map of the Tukang Besi sheet, Southeast Sulawesi. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. 14p. (Tukang Besi islands mainly Quaternary coral reef limestone, unconformably over core of latest MiocenePliocene Ambeuwa Fm Globigerina marls, dipping 15-30°?. Wowoni Island N of Buton has juxtaposed Late Pliocene ‘post-orogenic molasse’ clastics) Kuenen, P.H. (1928)- Geologische problemen in verband met de Toekang-Besi eilanden. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., ser. 2, 45, 2, p. 236-247. ('Geological problems associated with the Tukang Besi islands'. Tukang Besi islands SE of Sulawesi four rows of atolls, possibly all associated with young NW-SE trending anticlinal structures) Kuenen, P.H. (1933)- The formation of the atolls in the Toekang-Besi-group by subsidence. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 36, 3, p. 331-336. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016412.pdf) (As described by Escher (1920), Tukang Besi islands are atolls and raised islands arranged along NW-SE fault trends. Post-Pleistocene subsidence produced atolls where reef growth kept up with subsidence) Ling, H.Y. & R.B. Smith (1995)- Role of Eocene and Cretaceous radiolarians from Buton Island in the Eastern Indonesian collision tectonics. In: Proc. Int. Symposium Geology of SE Asia and adjacent areas, J. Geology, Geol. Survey Vietnam, Hanoi, 5-6, p. 160-161. (Abstract only) (Pre-Neogene Wolio collision complex of N Buton includes samples with early M Eocene radiolaria (U Tobelo Fm of Turumbia Bay) and well-preserved Cretaceous Aptian- Albian radiolaria (Tobelo Fm at Rumu River section of SE Buton)) Martin, K. (1933)- Eine neue Tertiare Molluskenfauna aus dem Indischen Archipel. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 6, 1, p. 7-32. ('A new Tertiary mollusc fauna from the Indies Archipelago'. Mollusc assemblage of 26 new species from Buton asphalt-bearing marls/ limestones, which are unconformable over folded Mesozoic sediments. Assigned Late Oligocene or E Miocene age. Later interpretations generally favor Late Miocene-Pliocene age (e.g. Beets 1952, Keyzer 1953)) Martin, K. (1935)- Oligocaene Gastropoden von Buton. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 7, 2, p. 111-118. (‘Oligocene gastropods from Buton’) Martin, K. (1937)- Die oligocaenen Mollusken von Buton als Auswurflinge eines Schlammsprudels betrachtet. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 8, p. 311-314. (Molluscs from Buton originally dated as Oligocene and here regarded as mud volcano ejecta. Subsequently found to be Mio-Pliocene age; Beets 1952) Milsom, J. (1992)- Structure and collision history of the Buton continental fragment, Eastern Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015. (Abstract only) (Fragment of Australian continental margin now exposed on Buton, SE of Sulawesi. Asphalt reserves support significant local industry. Buton Terrane underwent significant relative rotations and extends beneath adjacent island of Muna. Tukang Besi platform E of Buton may be distinct, unrelated, unit. Ophiolitic rocks exposed on Buton not attached to deep roots and are thin overthrust sheets not marking terrane boundary) Milsom, J., J. Ali & Sudarwono (1999)- Structure and collision history of the Buton continental fragment, Eastern Indonesia. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 83, p. 1666-1689. (Buton Australian-derived continental terrane. Extension dominates recent history. Gravity defines present-day W limits of Buton terrane and suggests terrane includes Tukang Besi platform in E. Ophiolitic rocks on Buton no deep roots, but thin and isolated overthrust sheets, and do not mark terrane boundary. Buton separated from Australia in Jurassic or Late Triassic, followed by collision with Eurasian margin in SE Sulawesi in Oligocene or E Miocene. Extension dominated recent history of area, producing minor separation of Tukang Besi from


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Buton and dispersion of other fragments, some of which have been incorporated in collision zone in Outer Banda arc. Oil seeps and asphalt deposits of Buton show hydrocarbons can be sourced from these fragments) Mubroto, B. & J. Ali (1998)- Tectonic rotations indicated by the late Cenozoic paleomagnetic rocks in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 33rd Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Programmes E and SE Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, 2, p. 246-258. (Buton island continental fragment impacted, accreted and uplifted when Tukang-Besi platform began docking with SE Sulawesi in Pliocene (2-3 Ma). Two major structural orientations; N-S in N part, NE-SW in S part, suggesting 60° clockwise rotation of S Buton with respect to N Buton (Fortuin et al. 1989). Data from 41 paleomagnetic sites from Miocene-Pliocene Tondo and Sampolakosa Fms suggest N Buton rotations of ~30° CW and CCW, probably local, C Buton small rotations, and S Buton 30-60° CW rotation. Data imply thinskinned sheets associated with collision) Mujito, S. Hadipandoyo & T.H. Sunarsono (1998)- Hydrocarbon resource assessment of the micro continent Buton Basin, southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 33rd Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Programmes E and SE Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, 2, p. 1-9. (Buton basin assessment of hydrocarbon potential. Primary source rock Late Triassic Winto Fm with up to 16% TOC. Main reservoir Miocene Tondo Fm sandstones. Oil potential max. 1.373 million tons, expected value 0.205 million tons. Gas potential max. 0.412 milliards m3, expected value 0.061 milliards of m3) Nolan, S.C., M.E.M. de Smet, M. Chamberlain, S. Gafoer, S. Santosa & Soebardi (1989)- Hydrocarbon prospectivity of Buton Island, S. E. Sulawesi, Indonesia. Earth Resources Institute (ESRI) Report, 99 p. (Unpublished) PT Elnusa Geosains (2005)- Hydrocarbon potential of Buton Basin. Petromin 31, 6, p.14-20. PT Robertson Research Utama Indonesia (1989)- A geochemical evalution of field samples (of rock, asphalt, water and gas) from Buton Island, S.E. Sulawesi. Report 139, p. (Unpublished) (Triassic Winto Shale good oil source rock, but presence of gammacerane in widespread asphalts appears to preclude Winto Shale as source) PT Robertson Research Utama Indonesia (1989)- Results of petrographic analyses Buton Island outcrop samples. Report 140, p. (Unpublished) (Triassic Winto sandstones almost entirely lithic, derived from sediments and metamorphic rocks, and locally common igneous material) PT Robertson Research Utama Indonesia (1989)- A petroleum geochemical evaluation of four asphaltic stained shallow cores from Lawele Pit, Buton Island. Report 197, p. (Asphalt analyses suggest degraded oil is isotopically light and derived from terrestrial organic matter. Presence of gammacerane may indicate a hypersaline, marine carbonate or restricted lacustrine source) Reinhold, T. (1952)- Reconsideration of the so-called Oligocene fauna in the asphaltic deposits of Buton (Malay Archipelago). 3. Report on diatoms. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 17, p. 294-297. (Diatoms from asphaltic marls of Buton with species related to Upper Miocene Globigerina marls of Java) Rochmanto, B. & L.M. Adam (2007)- Sedimentary environment of Sampolakosa Formation at Gonda Baru, subdistrict Sorawolio, Bau-Bau, Southeast Sulawesi. Proc. Joint Conv. 32nd HAGI, 36th IAGI, and 29th IATMI, Bali, JCB2007-251, 3p. (Studied 61m of outcrop of middle part of Sampolakosa Fm at Gonda Baru, Buton. Lithology marine marl with thin limestones and diatomites in middle and lower part. Age Early Pliocene (N18), environment middle shelflower slope. Not much detail, no figures)


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Rochmanto, B. & Darwin (2007)- Depositional environment of the Tondo Formation at Wakoko River Pasar Wajo Area, District of Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-101, 6p. (Student paper on 15m of late M Miocene (zone N14) Tondo Fm section at Wakoko River, S Buton. Coarseningupward shale-sand packages, interpreted as deltaic depositional environment with tidal and fluvial dominance) Sartono, S., I. Hendrobusono, H. Murwanto & B. Suprapto (1990)- Tektonik akresi di Buton: olistostrom dan melange diapir. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1-26. ('Accretion tectonics of Buton: olistostrome and melange diapyr') Scheiber, R. (1932)- Der Boetonasphalt mit seine Foraminiferen. Asphalt und Teer, Strassenbautechnik 32, p. 659-661. ('The Buton asphalt with its foraminifera'. Obscure reference reporting presence of planktonic foraminifera Pulvinulina (=Globorotalia) menardii and Orbulina universa in asphalt-bearing rocks of Buton. This clearly suggests M Miocene-Pliocene age, not Oligocene as originally suggested by Martin (1934), etc.) Sikumbang, N., P. Sanyoto, R.J.B. Supandjono & S. Gafoer (1995)- Geologic map of the Buton Sheet, Southeast Sulawesi, 1:250, 000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (SE Sulawesi Buton/ Muna islands map between 4.15 and 5.45° S) Smith, R.B. (1983)- Sedimentology and tectonics of a Miocene collision complex and overlying late orogenic clastic strata, Buton Island, Eastern Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. California, Santa Cruz, 254 p. (Buton exposes M Miocene collision complex, overlain by clastics derived from erosion of uplifted complex. In Wolio Complex, lower part of ophiolite sequence juxtaposed with Triassic- Upper Eocene or Oligocene sediments in imbricate series of W-dipping thrust sheets with deep water limestones. Age of collision later in Sulawesi East Arm (Late Miocene) than in Buton (M Miocene). Buton- E Sulawesi collision zone evolved from W-dipping subduction zone. M- Late Miocene clastic strata (Tondo Fm) mostly bathyal marine sediments which accumulated in two separate basins. Lasalimu basin formed just E of uplifted ophiolite thrust front, which provided most of detritus to basin, forming coastal fan-deltas, slope and base-of-slope deposits. Langkalome basin turbidites accumulated W of uplifted ophiolite belt. (N.B.: post-orogenic Tondo Fm limestone member with Spiroclypeus signifying earliest Miocene age; this suggests collision older than Miocene?; HvG)) Smith, R.B. (1987)- Diachronous Neogene microcontinent collision in Buton and Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geol. Soc. America Ann. Mtg 1987 and Exposition, Abstracts with Programs 19, 7, p. 850. (Abstract only) Smith, R.B. & E.A. Silver (1991)- Geology of a Miocene collision complex Buton, Eastern Indonesia. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 103, p. 660-678. (Buton part of Neogene collision zone along E margin of Sulawesi. Miocene collision of microcontinents with W-dipping subduction zone emplaced Tukang Besi Platform (TBP) against Buton. Buton Wolio collision complex imbricated W-dipping thrust sheets and overturned folds with later steep faults offsetting imbricate stack and controlling present map patterns. Consists of (1) Turumbia Fm mainly Late Triassic- Late Eocene or Oligocene deep-water limestone in E, interpreted as deep-water facies of W TBP margin; (2) Massive peridotite in W, with full ophiolite succession suggested by clasts in overlying conglomerates; (3) Metabasite and metachert remnants of metamorphic sole at base of ophiolite. Pelitic phyllite and quartzite in NE Buton probably slice of TBP continental basement: similar rocks dredged from NE margin of TBP and also form preMesozoic basement of SP. M-U Miocene Tondo Fm clastics derived from uplift and erosion of Wolio Complex, placing M Miocene upper limit on age of TBP collision. Oblique convergence continued into Late Miocene) Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1928)- De geologische ligging der Boven-Triadische olie- en asfaltafzettingen in de Molukken. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie 58, p. (‘The geological setting of the Upper Triassic oil and asphalt deposits in the Moluccas’) Soeka, S. (1991)- Radiolarian faunas from the Tobelo Formation of the Island of Buton, Eastern Indonesia, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wollongong, Australia, 398 p.


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Soeka, S. & Mudjito (1992)- Early Cretaceous-Paleogene radiolarian biostratigraphy from the microcontinent of Buton, eastern Indonesia. Abstr. 29 Int. Geol. Congr., Kyoto, p. 252 Soeka, S., Mujito & Sunarto (1991)- Jurassic-Paleogene paleolatitudes of Buton (Indonesia) as indicated by radiolaria. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 609. (also in LEMIGAS Scientific Contr. Petroleum Science & Technology?) Soeka, S., O.S.R. Ongkosongo, M.N. Suhartati & Helfinalis (2008)- Biostratigrafi dan penelusuran evolusi posisi Lintang Pulau Buton sejak Mesozoikum dengan Radiolaria. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Kebumian, UGM, 15 Feb. 2008, p. Sulistyani, L. & Surono (2006)- Facies analysis on the Limestone Member, the Tondo Formation, based on samples taken from Kaisapu Area, Buton, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosciences Conf. and Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, 06-SPG-04, 5 p. (Extended abstract. With facies map of Early Miocene limestone member of Tondo Fm in area in S Buton. Limestone Mb underlain by ultramafic unit in N, interfingers with conglomerate of Tondo Fm Clastic Mb in W and with Sampolakosa Fm in E and S. At time of limestone deposition, land was situated to W, with open marine conditions E of study area. Four limestone facies: mudstone, boundstone, packstone and wackestone) Tanjung, H., N. Sukarno, I.T. Mandiri & S.H. Sinaga (2009)- Understanding the genesis of Mukito metamorphics: sole metamorphism and geological consideration. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang, PITIAGI2009-085, 1p. (Abstract only) (Mukito Fm metamorphics in Kapantoreh Mts in S Buton associated with Kapantoreh ophiolite. Metamorphics imbricated with Triassic Winto Fm to W and ophiolites to E. Predominance of amphibolite facies (hornblende schist, marble) towards ophiolite, rest is in green-schist facies (epidotic calcite chlorite schist). Petrochemistry suggest calc-alkaline basalts protolith. Interpreted as metamorphic sole, due to ophiolite obduction, formed from metamorphosed Cretaceous-Paleocene Tobelo Fm limestones and basalt dykes) Tanjung, H., N. Sukarno, Y. Yuskar, H. Hermawan, A.D. Zeiza et al. (2008)- Field observation of Southern Buton: an overview of hydrocarbon manifestation and geological setting. IPA08-SG-074, 18p. (Literature review of Buton geology, with some field observations and geochemical analyses of source rocks) Tanjung, H., A.D. Zeiza & I.T. Mandiri (2007)- Trend of petroleum exploration in Buton: an insight from tectonic, stratigraphic and geochemical aspects, Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-SG-030, 13p. (Literature review of Buton geology and hydrocarbon prospectivity. Buton is site of two collisions: (1) between Muna and Buton microcontinents in Miocene, (2) with Tukang Besi micro-continent from E in Plio-Pleistocene (not commonly accepted; HvG)). Thoenes, D. (1936)- Het ontstaan van asfalt-bitumen. Thesis Technical University Delft, 140p. ('The origin of asphalt bitumen'. On chemistry and geology of bitumen and formation of natural asphalt, applied to Buton. Buton asphalt here thought to have formed directly from proto-bitumen, without crude oil as intermediate product) Tjia, H.D. (1968)- New evidence of Recent diastrophism in East Indonesia. Inst. Techn. Bandung, Dept. Geol. Contr. 69, p. 71-76. (Absence of two post-glacial sea levels in reef limestones of Tomea, Kaledupa and Wangi-wangi (Tukang Besi islands) interpreted to reflect warping of uplift after 3500-5000 BP) Tobing, S.M. (2005)- Inventarisasi bitumen padat di daerah Sampolawa, Kabubaten Buton, propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Kolokium Hasil Lapangan DIM, 2005, p. 29/1- 29/10. (http://psdg.bgl.esdm.go.id/kolokium/Batubara/29.%20Prosiding%20SAMPOLAWA%20Buton_N0.8.pdf)


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(Survey of oil shale seams in Late Triassic Winto Fm in S Buton. Thickness of seams 0.05- 1.5 m, alternating with lime-siltstone and fine-grained lime-sandstone. Only four oil shale seams >1 m. All samples contain lamalginite (0.5 - 50%). Rocks seem immature (mean vitrinite Rv 0.2- 0.6%). Oil content in samples 5- 40 l/ton. Oil shale resources down to 100 m depth in Winto Fm ~ 4.5 M ton, with 504 k Barrels of oil) Triono, U. (2005)- The preliminary survey of solid bitumen accumulation of Kalisusu and surrounding area, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Kolokium Hasil Lapangan, DIM, 2005, p. 31/1- 31/8. (online at: http://psdg.bgl.esdm.go.id/kolokium/Batubara/31.%20Prosc%20Kalisusu_No.10.pdf) (Brief evaluation paper on asphalt on North Buton. Bitumen contained in Late Triassic Winto Fm (resource estimates 2.8 MTons) and Miocene Tondo Fm (6.8 MTons). In Indonesian) Ubaghs, J.G.H. & C.P.A. Zeylmans van Emmichoven (1947)- De genese der asfaltafzettingen op het eiland Boeton. Bull. Bur. Mines and Geol. Survey Indonesia 1, 1, p. 3-12. (‘The genesis of the asphalt deposits on the island of Buton’. Authors dispute theory of impregnation of porous Tertiary strata by oil from Triassic, but believe formation of asphalt beds is due to lateral migration of Tertiary oil which accumulated in definite stratigraphic zone 500- 800 m above base Tertiary) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1943)- Corals from asphalt deposits of the Island Buton (East-Indies). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 13, 1, p. 29-37. (Pliocene corals from Buton asphalt deposits at Waisiu. 35 species) Verstappen, H.Th. (1957)- Een en ander over het rifpantser van het eiland Muna (Z.O. Celebes). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 74, p.441-449. (‘On the reef cap of the island of Muna’. Reefal limestone over much of Muna island, W of Buton, SE Sulawesi, attributed to multiphase Quaternary uplift. Island tilted WNW and cut by transverse faults and faults subparallel to Buton straits. Tilting cannot be attributed to horizontal shifting of geanticline, as postulated in literature) Walley, C.D. & D.T. Moffat (1988)- A review of the geology and hydrocarbon potential of Buton Island, Indonesia. Earth Res. Inst. Report EB88-1, 125p. (Unpublished study) Wiryosujono, S. & J.A. Hainim (1978)- Cainozoic sedimentation in Buton Island. In: S. Wiryosujono & A. Sudradjat (eds.) Regional Conf. Geology and Mineral Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1975 (GEOSEA 1), Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 109-119. Zwierzycki, J. (1925)- Olie in de Trias op Boeton. De Mijningenieur 6, 1, p. 15. (‘Oil in the Triassic on Buton’. Isoclinally folded Upper Triassic platy limestones, mica-bearing sandstones, and dark claystones-marls with Late Triassic molluscs Halobia, Daonella and Monotis in S part of Buton with some asphalt (similar oil shale on Buru and E Timor?; HvG). Also Jurassic red sandstone and shales with caniculate belemnites and Jurasic or Cretaceous light colored limestones with foraminifera)


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VI. NORTH MOLUCCAS VI.1. Halmahera, Bacan, Waigeo, Molucca Sea Acharya, H.K. (1979)- Seismicity of the Southern Philippine Sea. Marine Geol. 29, p. 25-32. Andrews J.E. (1980)- Morphologic evidence for reorientation of seafloor spreading in the West Philippine Basin. Geology 8, p. 140-143. Anderson, C.D. (1999)- Cenozoic motion of the Philippine Sea Plate; new paleomagnetic data from eastern Indonesia. Masters Thesis, Univ. California at Santa Barbara, 164p. (Halmahera, Waigeo and other islands constitute largest land area of Philippine Sea Plate. New paleomagnetic results from 24 sites. Halmahera region motion three segments: 0-25 Ma moved N and rotated 40° CW; no rotation or latitude translation 25-40 Ma; 50° CW rotation and slight S-ward translation 40-50 Ma. Two Cretaceous sites indicate another 90° CW rotation between ~73- 50 Ma, but interpretation speculative) Apandi, T. & D. Sudana (1980)- Geologic map of the Ternate Quadrangle, North Maluku, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Atmadja R.S. & R. Sukamto (1979)- Ophiolitic rock association on Talaud islands, East Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, 1, p. 17-35. Bader, A.G. & M. Pubellier (2000)- Forearc deformation and tectonic significance of the ultramafic Molucca Central Ridge, Talaud islands (Indonesia). The Island Arc 9, 4, p. 653-663. (Molucca Sea basin S of Mindanao underlain by N-S ophiolitic ridge, representing outer ridge of Sangihe subduction zone, and outcrops on Talaud Islands. Forearc sediments uncomformably on (i) dismembered ophiolitic series and (ii) thick melanges. Two deformation events. Earlier direction (N20°E) is thrusting event affecting ophiolitic basement associated with edge of Celebes Sea. Incipient Sangihe subduction around 15 Ma uplifted deformed crust and buried melanges beneath forearc sediments. Recent E-W shortening during subduction of Snellius Plateau reactivated melanges within thrusts cutting forearc series) Bader A.G., M. Pubellier, C. Rangin, C. Deplus & R. Louat (1999)- Active slivering of oceanic crust along the Molucca Ridge (Indonesia-Philippine): implication for ophiolite incorporation in a subduction wedge. Tectonics 18, 4, p. 606-620. (Marine geophysical survey in N Molucca Sea shows structure of classic active convergent margin, from W to E: Sangihe volcanic arc, Molucca Ridge forearc basin resting on outer ridge, accretionary wedge, and Snellius Ridge- Philippine Sea composite downgoing plate. Strong negative gravity anomaly above wedge suggests basement deepening and rupture of 700-km-long subducting lithosphere. SSnellius Ridg separated recently from S Philippine Basin by incipient Philippine Trench, deforming forearc region with backthrusting) Baker, S.J. (1997)- Isotopic dating and island arc development in the Halmahera region, Eastern Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. London, p. 1-316. (Halmahera area in zone of complex tectonics at junction between Eurasian margin, Philippine Sea and Australian plates. Continental metamorphic rocks of probable Palaeozoic age, derived from New Guinea, are found on Bacan and Obi. Ophiolitic rocks from Halmahera, Obi, Gag are of Philippine Sea plate origin, formed an intra-oceanic forearc-arc-backarc system of Jurassic age. Intrusives into ophiolitic rocks on Halmahera and Obi two phases of arc-related plutonic activity in the Middle to Late Cretaceous Baker, S. & J. Malaihollo (1996)- Dating of Neogene igneous rocks in the Halmahera region: arc initiation and development. In: R.Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 499-509. (K-Ar ages of igneous rocks from Halmahera show history of intra-oceanic arc development since late M Miocene, due to E-directed subduction of Molucca Sea plate under Philippine Sea plate. N-ward migration of volcanic activity in Late Miocene- E Pliocene. Arc volcanism began around 11 Ma on Obi, with subduction thought to have started around 15-17 Ma. No Neogene volcanism younger than 8 Ma in Obi area; on Bacan Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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volcanism ceased at 2 Ma. Late Pliocene crustal deformation caused 30-40 km W-ward shift of volcanic front. Formation and propagation of Halmahera arc consequence of CW rotation of Philippine Sea plate) Ballantyne, P. (1990)- The petrology of the ophiolitic basement rocks of eastern Halmahera, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of London, p. Ballantyne, P. (1991)- Petrological constraints upon the provenance and genesis of the East Halmahera ophiolite. J. SE Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 259-269. (E Halmahera dismembered ophiolite petrology. Cumulus mineralogy comparable with cumulates of Papuan and Marum ophiolites of New Guinea. Ophiolitic rocks formed in supra-subduction zone environment. Volcanic rocks not abundant in E Halmahera, but distinct suites, of boninitic, island arc and oceanic island /seamount affinities) Ballantyne, P. (1992)- Petrology and geochemistry of the plutonic rocks of the Halmahera ophiolite, eastern Indonesia; an analogue of modern oceanic forearcs. In: L.M. Parson, B.J. Murton & P. Browning (eds.) Ophiolites and their modern oceanic analogues. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 60, p. 179-202. (Halmahera ophiolite tectonically dismembered but all elements of complete ophiolite present, except sheeted dyke complex. Ophiolite formed in supra-subduction zone setting before Late Cretaceous and interpreted to represent forearc of Mesozoic arc whose remnants now found near margins of Philippine Sea Plate) Ballantyne, P.D. & R. Hall (1990)- The petrology of the Halmahera Ophiolite, Indonesia; an early Tertiary forearc. In: J. Malpas et al. (eds.) Ophiolites; oceanic crustal analogues, Proc. Symposium "Troodos 1987", Geol. Survey Cyprus, Nicosia, p. 461-475. Bessho, B. (1944)- Geology of the Halmahera islands. Geographical J. 56, 664, p. 145-203. (in Japanese) Brata, K. (1989)- Petrography and provenance of Neogene sandstones of South Halmahera, East Indonesia. M.Phil. Thesis, University of London, p. . Brouwer, H. (1922)- Geologische onderzoekingen op de Sangi-eilanden en op de eilanden Ternate en Pisang. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost Indie 49 (1920), Verhand. 2, p. 52-68. (Mainly descriptions of various volcanoes of Sanghi islands, Ternate, Pisang) Brouwer, H. (1923)- Geologische onderzoekingen op het eiland Halmaheira. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost Indie 50 (1921), Verhand. 2, p. 5-72. (‘Geological investigations on Halmaheira Island’. Includes thin section photos of deep marine U Cretaceous Globotruncana limestones and shallow marine limestones of Eocene (Nummulites-Alveolina-Discocyclina) limestone and Miocene age (Lepidocyclina) (forams brief description by Douville 1923 in same volume)) Brouwer, H. (1923)- Bijdrage tot de geologie van het eiland Batjan. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost Indie, Verhand. 50 (1921), Verhand. 2, p. 73-106. (‘Contribution to geology of the island of Bacan’. Bacan mostly schists and igneous rocks, including diorites, gabbros, peridotites and andesites. Also Miocene Lepidocyclina limestone, associated with coal fragments) Burgath, K., M. Mohr & W. Simanjuntak (1983)- New discoveries of blueschist metamorphism and mineral occurrences in the Halmahera Gag ophiolite belt. Bull. Direct. Min. Res. Indonesia 13, 1, p. 1-19. Carlile, J.C., G.R. Davey, I. Kadir, R.P. Langmead & W.J. Rafferty (1998)- Discovery and exploration of the Gosowong epithermal gold deposit, Halmahera, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Expl. 60, 3, p. 207-227. (Gosowong epithermal gold deposit low-sulphidation epithermal quartz vein in Halmahera Neogene magmatic arc. Not much on geologic setting) Charlton, T.R., R. Hall & E. Partoyo (1991)- The geology and tectonic evolution of Waigeo Island, NE Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 289-297.


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(Waigeo ophiolitic basement of possible late Jurassic age, overlain by Paleogene forearc sediments. Basement and sedimentary cover deformed by Late Oligocene S-directed thrusting, probably collision of arc with continental block (New Guinea ?)) Clor, L.E., T.P. Fischer, D.R. Hilton, Z.D. Sharp & U. Hartono (2005)- Volatile and N isotope chemistry of the Molucca Sea collision zone: tracing source components along the Sangihe Arc, Indonesia. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst. 6, 3, 20 p. (Volcanic gases from Sangihe Arc analyzed for trace chemistry and nitrogen isotope variations) Cock G.C. & J.E Lynch (1999)- Discovery and evaluation of the Weda Bay nickel/ cobalt deposits, central Halmahera, Indonesia. In: G. Weber (ed.) Proc. PACRIM '99 Congress, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, 4-99, p. 197-206. (Weda Bay nickel- cobalt laterite deposits on Halmahera first drilled in 1996. Laterites have developed by weathering over pre-Cretaceous serpentinised harzburgites and dunites) Di Leo, J.F., J. Wookey, J.O.S. Hammond, J.M. Kendall, S. Kaneshima, H. Inoue, T. Yamashina & P. Harjadie (2012)- Deformation and mantle flow beneath the Sangihe subduction zone from seismic anisotropy. Physics Earth Planetary Int. 194-195, p. 38-54. Djaswadi, S., B. Tjahjono & T. Sudharto (1990)- Penjajagan mineral logam di Maluku Utara. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, p. 302-324. (Reconnaissance of metallic minerals in the North Moluccas) Douville, H. (1923)- Sur quelques foraminiferes des Moluques orientales et de la Nouvelle Guinee. Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1921, 50, 2, p. 107-116. ('On some foraminifera from the eastern Moluccas and from New Guinea'. Brief descriptions of Eocene larger forams in samples collected by Brouwer in Halmahera: Early Eocene with alveolinids, Late Eocene with Discocyclinids and Nummulites, NW common planktonics and Early Miocene with Lepidocyclinids, Alveolinella. No location info) Evans, C.A., J.W. Hawkins & G.F. Moore (1983)- Petrology and geochemistry of ophiolitic and associated volcanic rocks of the Talaud Islands, Molucca sea collision zone, northeast Indonesia. In: T.W.C. Hilde & S. Uyeda (eds.) Geodynamics of the western Pacific-Indonesian region, Amer. Geoph. Union Geodyn. Ser. 11, p. 159-172. (Much of Talaud islands tectonic melange with up to 5km wide blocks of ophiolite, preserving complete oceanic crustal sections. Pillow basalts associated with bedded chert and pelagic limestones with Eocene radiolaria. Miocene basaltic andesites are not considered part of ophiolitic rocks. Flett, D., R. Hall & N. Wagimin (2011)- The geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Weda Bay area, S.W. Halmahera, Eastern Indonesia. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 19, 31p. (New seismic data over undrilled Weda Bay Basin, SE of Halmahera, indicates >7km of Tertiary sediment. Source rocks believed to be present, with potential to generate oil and gas. Hydrocarbon expulsion features on many lines. Basin flanks currently within oil and gas generative window. Potential play types both reefs and stacked clastics in compressional structures) Forde, E.J. (1997)- The geochemistry of the Neogene Halmahera Arc, Eastern Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. London, p. 1-268. (Halmahera arc is N-S intra-oceanic arc cutting across the islands of Halmahera and Bacan and is result of eastward subduction of the Molucca Sea Plate. K/Ar dating revealed migration of volcanism along length of the Halmahera arc. Oldest volcanics (~11 Ma) in S from Obi, where volcanism now extinct. To N in Bacan, ages from 7 Ma- Quaternary, in C Halmahera from 6 - 2 Ma. Volcanic rocks from Obi, C Halmahera and N Bacan typical intra-oceanic arc lavas. Volcanic rocks from W and S Bacan suggest assimilation of continental component and supports hypothesis of overthrusting of Philippine Sea Plate ophiolitic and Australian plate continental material, due to collision in Early Miocene)


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Gemmell, J.B. (2007)- Hydrothermal alteration associated with the Gosowong epithermal Au-Ag deposit, Halmahera, Indonesia; mineralogy, geochemistry, and exploration implications. Economic Geol. 102, 5, p. 893922. (Gosowong epithermal Au-Ag deposit host rocks Miocene shallow marine, intermediate-basic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks) Gogarten, E. (1918)- Geologie van Noord-Halmahera; voorlopige mededeeling. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen.Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. 2, p. 267-280. (‘Geology of North Halmahera, preliminary communication’. Summary of 1911 geological reconnaissance along N coast of Halmahera. Not very useful, except perhaps presence of a belemnite in sandstone at SE Morotai island (but fossil lost in transport to Germany)) Gogarten, E. (1918)- Die Vulkane der nordlichen Molukken. Zeitschrift Vulkanologie 4, p. 211-305. ('The volcanoes of the northern Moluccas') Hakim, A.S. (1989)- Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Halmahera Arc, Indonesia: petrology, geochemistry and low temperature alteration. M.Phil. Thesis, Univ. of London, p. Hakim, A.S. & R. Hall (1991)- Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Halmahera arc. J. SE Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 271-287. Hall, R. (1987)- Plate boundary evolution in the Halmahera Region, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 144, p. 337-352. (Halmahera stratigraphy links to E Philippines and records history of Molucca Sea subduction. Halmahera- E Mindanao basement part of Late Cretaceous-E Tertiary arc and forearc and part of single plate since Late Eocene- E Oligocene. No evidence of Oligo-Miocene arc: Pliocene arc on E Tertiary arc basement. Arc volcanism ceased briefly in Pleistocene and shifted W after deformation episode. Present arc built on deformed Pliocene arc. Diachronous collision at W edge Philippine Sea Plate which began in Mindanao in Late Miocene impeded Philippine Sea Plate movement and further motion achieved by strike-slip along Philippine Fault, subduction at Philippine Trench and subduction of Molucca Sea lithosphere under Halmahera) Hall, R. (1999)- Neogene history of collision in the Halmahera region, Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., G014, 8 p. (Molucca Sea Plate almost entirely subducted remnant of double subduction system, with Sangihe Arc in W, Halmahera Arc in E. In N Molucca Sea Halmahera Arc entirely overridden by Sangihe forearc, and in few million years time entire Halmahera arc may have disappeared) Hall, R., J.R. Ali, C.D. Anderson & S.J. Baker (1995)- Origin and motion history of the Philippine Sea Plate. Tectonophysics 251, p. 229-250. (Halmahera-Waigeo good Mesozoic- Tertiary stratigraphic record indicating long arc history for S part of plate) Hall, R., J.R. Ali & C.D. Anderson (1995)- Cenozoic motion of the Philippine Sea plate: palaeomagnetic evidence from eastern Indonesia. Tectonics 14, p.1117-1132. (New palaeomagnetic data N and S of Sorong Fault record S-ward movement during Eocene and N-ward movement during Neogene. All sites N of Sorong Fault (Halmahera- Kasiruta- Waigeo) clockwise declinations. Neogene rocks small deflections, Oligocene- M Eocene rocks clockwise declination deflections of ~40°. Declinations of lower Eocene rocks indicate ~90° of clockwise rotation. Area N of Sorong Fault was always part of Philippine Sea Plate) Hall, R., M.G. Audley-Charles, F.T. Banner, S. Hidayat & S.L. Tobing (1988)- The basement rocks of the Halmahera region, eastern Indonesia: a Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary arc and fore-arc. J. Geol. Soc. London 145, p. 65-84.


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(W Halmahera active volcanic arc. E Halmahera basement dismembered ophiolites with slices of Mesozoic and Eocene sediments, unconformably overlain by M Oligocene and younger sediments and volcanics. MesozoicEocene sediments similar to Marianas fore-arc. E Halmahera basement interpreted as pre-Oligocene fore-arc lacking accretionary complex. Mesozoic- Tertiary sediments imbricated with igneous and metamorphic rocks represent deeper parts of fore-arc during Late Eocene plate reorganization. S Bacan basement continental metamorphic rocks associated with deformed ophiolitic complex, different from E Halmahera. Metamorphic rocks interpreted to be part of N Australian continental margin basement, separated from Halmahera by splay of Sorong Fault system. Deformed ophiolite complex of Bacan may represent magmatism in fault zone) Hall, R., M.G. Audley-Charles, F.T. Banner, S. Hidayat & S.L. Tobing (1988)- Late Palaeogene- Quaternary geology of Halmahera, Eastern Indonesia: initiation of a volcanic island arc. J. Geol. Soc. London 145, p. 577590. (Halmahera rel. complete M Oligocene- Recent sedimentary section unconformable on ophiolitic complex, part of Late Cretaceous- E Tertiary forearc. After volcanic arc activity ceased in Eocene, former fore-arc terrane uplifted and eroded in Late Paleogene. Clast of Eocene reefal limestone with Discocyclina in ?Oligocene- E. Miocene Jawati conglomerate. Widespread Late Oligocene- Miocene carbonates. No evidence of arc volcanism in C Halmahera between Eocene and Pliocene. Oligo-Miocene volcanism in nearby regions interpreted as related to Sorong Fault system. Rapid subsidence in E Pliocene (tied to initiation of subduction of Molucca Sea) lead to basinal marls deposition, followed by siliciclastic turbidites with increasing amounts of calc-alkaline volcanic debris from W Halmahera Pliocene arc. Deformation in Pleistocene at junction of E and W Halmahera. Third Halmahera arc (Quaternary) active in N part of the islands since 1 Ma) Hall, R., P.D. Ballantyne, A.S. Hakim & G.J. Nichols (1996)- Basement rocks of Halmahera, eastern Indonesia: implications for the early history of the Philippine Sea. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds) Trans. 5th CircumPacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 301-317. (Oldest rocks on Halmahera are 'supra-subduction zone' ophiolites, overlain by Late Cretaceous and Eocene arc volcanics and sediments. Late Cretaceous- Eocene age plutonic rocks intrude ophiolites. Shallow marine Eocene limestones unconformably overlain by Neogene sediments. Halmahera basement many similarities to submarine plateaus and ridges of Philippine Sea and E Philippines basement terranes, suggesting existence of extensive Late Cretaceous and Eocene volcanic arc(?) systems on Mesozoic ophiolitic basement) Hall, R., M. Fuller, J.R. Ali & C.D. Anderson (1995)- The Philippine Sea plate: magnetism and reconstructions. In: B. Taylor & J.H. Natland (eds.) Active margins and marginal basins: a synthesis of Western Pacific drilling results. Amer. Geoph. Union Mon. 88, p. 371-404. Hall, R. & G.J. Nichols (1990)- Terrane amalgamation in the Philippine Sea margin. Tectonophysics 181, p. 207-222. Hall, R. & G. Nichols (1991)- Exploration in basins of the western Pacific margin: reducing the risk. In: J.W. Cosgrave & M.E. Jones (eds.) Neotectonics and resources, Belhaven Press, London, p. 243-256. (Mainly on Halmahera geology) Hall, R., G.J. Nichols & P. Ballantyne (1990)- Basement rocks of Halmahera, eastern Indonesia; implications for the early history of the Philippine Sea. In: Fifth Circum-Pacific Energy and mineral resources Conf., AAPG Bull. 74, 6, p. 976. Hall, R., G. Nichols, P. Ballantyne, T. Charlton & J. Ali (1991)- The character and significance of basement rocks of the southern Molucca Sea region. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 249-258. (Pre-Neogene basement rocks in S Molucca Sea region include ophiolitic rocks, arc volcanics and continental rocks. Ophiolitic complexes, interpreted as oldest parts of Philippine Sea Plate, overlain by U Cretaceous and Eocene sediments and volcanics. Plutonic rocks of island arc origin intruding ophiolites yield Late Cretaceous radiometric ages; amphibolites with ophiolitic protoliths yield Eocene ages. Ophiolites speculated to have originated during mid-Cretaceous plate reorganization. Late Cretaceous-Paleogene arc volcanics in basement of Morotai, W Halmahera and Bacan overlain by shallow water Eocene limestones and Oligocene rift sequence


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with basaltic pillow lavas and volcaniclastic turbidites. Mid Eocene-Oligocene extension synchronous with opening of central W Philippine Basin) Handayani, L. (2004)- Seismic tomography constraints on reconstructing the Philippine Sea plate and its margin. Ph.D. Thesis Texas A&M Univ., College Station, 144p. (online at http://txspace.tamu.edu/bitstream/1969.1/1497/1/etd-tamu-2004C-GEOP-Handaya.pdf) (High velocity mantle anomalies coincident with Wadati-Benioff zones. N-ward movement of Philippine Sea Plate, WNW subduction of Pacific Plate since Eocene (~50 Ma), and N-ward subduction of Indian/ Australian Plate best explain subducted slab anomalies. E plate boundary originated as transform zone that evolved into subduction zone a few million years before Pacific Plate movement change. Initiation of this subduction zone may be one of triggers of Pacific Plate motion changes. The 90° Philippine Sea Plate rotation in Hall (2002) reconstruction not supported by slab distribution beneath Philippine Sea region. Minimal rotation of Philippine Sea Plate assumed in reconstruction modeld) Haston, R.B. & M. Fuller (1991)- Paleomagnetic data from the Philippine Sea Plate and their tectonic significance. J. Geophys. Res. 96, p. 6073-6098. Jaffe, L.A., D.R. Hilton, T.P. Fischer & U. Hartono (2004)- Tracing magma sources in an arc-arc collision zone; helium and carbon isotope and relative abundance systematics of the Sangihe Arc, Indonesia. Geochem., Geoph., Geosyst. 5; 4, 17p. AGU (Sangihe Arc presently colliding with Halmahera Arc, forming world's only arc-arc collision zone. He and C isotopic and relative abundance data from Sangihe Arc volcanoes used to trace magma origins) Karig, D.E. (1975)- Basin genesis in the Philippine Sea. In: Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drill. Proj. 31, p. 857-879. Karig, D.E. (1983)- Temporal relationships between back arc basin formation and arc volcanism with special reference to the Philippine Sea. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands- II. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 318-325. (Back arc basin formation in Philippine Sea previously linked to minima in intensity of arc volcanism, but wordwide study of last 5 M.y. and re-evalution of PS data suggest pulses of spreading and volcanism nearly synchronous) Kodama, K., B.H. Keating & C.E. Helsley (1983)- Paleomagnetism of the Bonin Islands and its tectonic significance. Tectonophysics 95, p. 25-42. (Bonin Islands on NE margin (27°N) of Philippine Sea composed of Eocene arc volcanics (with classic Middle and Late Eocene larger foram assemblages (incl. Pellatispira; HvG). Islands have undergone N-ward migration of at least 30° from the equatorial region together with (possibly clockwise) rotation of 30°-90°) Kraeff, A. (1954)- De geologie van de chrysotiel- asbest voorkomens van de Oost-arm van Halmaheira. Djawatan Geologi, Bandung. Report K54-1, 40p. (‘Geology of chrysotyle-asbestos occurrences in Halmahera East Arm’) Kusnama (1989)- Petrography and provenance of Neogene sandstones of South Halmahera, East Indonesia. M.Phil. Thesis, Univ. London, p. Kusnama (2008)- Karakteristik batubara daerah Patani, Halmahera Timur, Maluku Utara. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 745-760. ('Characteristics of coal in the Patani area, E Halmahera, N Moluccas'. Around 1m thick Paleocene coals in Dorosagu Fm of Patani area in two blocks: Paniti Blocks autochtonous coal with vitrinite reflectance Rv 0.420.54%; Bicoli Block allochtonous deltaic coal deposits with clay partings and average Rv 0.36- 0.43) Kusnama & D. Sukarna (1996)- The provenance of Neogene sandstones South Halmahera, East Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, p. 181-201.


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(Two provenance areas in Late Neogene Weda Group: in W mainly derived from andesitic volcanics, in E mainly foraminiferal limestones?. With 3 paleogeographic maps for Late Miocene, E Pliocene, Late Pliocene) Lallemand, S.E., M. Popoff, J.P. Cadet, A.G. Bader, M. Pubellier, C. Rangin, & B. Deffontaines (1998)Genetic relations between the central and southern Philippine Trench and the Sangihe Trench. J. Geophys. Res. 103, p. 933-950. MacPherson, C.G., E.J. Forde, R. Hall & M.F. Thirlwall (2003)- Geochemical evolution of magmatism in an arc-arc collision; the Halmahera and Sangihe Arcs, eastern Indonesia. In: R.D. Larter & P.T. Leat (eds.) Intraoceanic subduction systems; tectonic and magmatic processes. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 219, p. 207-220. (Molucca Sea Collision Zone site of collision of two active subduction systems. Both Halmahera subduction zone in E and Sangihe zone in W have subducted oceanic Molucca Sea Plate, now consumed. Both volcanic arcs active since Neogene and show increased evidence for sediment recycling as collision progressed) Malaihollo, J.F.A. (1993)- The geology and tectonics of the Bacan region, East Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of London, 406 p. (unpublished) Malaihollo, J.F.A. & R. Hall (1996)- The geology and tectonic evolution of the Bacan region, East Indonesia. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of SE Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 483497. (Bacan near convergence Eurasian, Philippine Sea and Australian plates. Old? Sibela metamorphics with young isotope ages juxtaposed against Sibela ophiolite with Cretaceous isotope age with Oligocene-Miocene overprint. N Bacan oldest rocks low metamorphic U Eocene Bacan Fm arc volcanics and turbiditic volcaniclastics. Similar Lower Miocene sequence in S Bacan. Major Lower Miocene unconformity, representing Australian continent - Philippine Sea plate collision, overlain by shallow marine E-M Miocene limestones with interbedss of Amasing Fm volcaniclastic sands. U Miocene- Pleistocene Kaputusan Fm arc andesites from four eruption centres, shallow marine pyroclastic rocks and fringing coastal reef limestones. Volcanic rocks produced by E-ward subduction of Molucca Sea plate. Quaternary basalts related to movement along Sorong fault. Most of Bacan part of Philippine Sea plate since Cretaceous. Evidence for continental crust of Australian origin in Bacan area by E Miocene) McCaffrey, R. (1982)- Lithospheric deformation within the Molucca sea arc-arc collision- evidence from shallow and intermediate earthquake activity. J. Geoph. Res. 87, p. 3663-3678. McCaffrey, R. (1983)- Seismic-wave propagation beneath the Molucca Sea arc-arc collision zone, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 96, p. 45-57. McCaffrey, R. (1991)- Earthquakes and ophiolite emplacement in the Molucca Sea collision zone, Indonesia. Tectonics 10, 2, p. 433-453. (Earthquakes indicate high-angle (30-60°) thrust faults beneath Talaud-Mayu Ridge in Central Molucca Sea, penetrating at least 15 km into upper mantle and elevate pieces of crust and upper mantle at rapid rate. These pieces likely include thick ophiolites detached from Molucca Sea lithosphere. High seismic activity consistent with Molucca Sea accommodating much of Philippine-Eurasian convergence) McCaffrey, R., E.A. Silver & R.W. Raitt (1980)- Crustal structure of the Molucca Sea collision zone, Indonesia. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands 1, Amer. Geoph. Union, Geophys. Mon. 23, p. 161-178. (Scripps 1976-1977 Molucca Sea seismic refraction profiles showing thick low-velocity collision complex. Gravity models suggest steep upthrusted (up to 6 km) oceanic basement slab under Talaud- Mayu Ridge) Micklethwaite, S. & D. Silitonga (2011)- Transient kinematic changes in epithermal systems: Toguraci deposit, Halmahera. In: Proc. 11th Biennial Conf. SGA, Townsville 2011, p.


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(On Late Pliocene epithermal vein systems in Toguraci Au-Ag deposit of Gosowong goldfield, N Halmahera. Host rocks bimodal basaltic to andesitic volcanic lavas, volcaniclastics and diorites with zircon U-Pb isotopic ages of ~3.1-3.7 Ma. Epithermal mineralisation dated as 2.8-2.9 Ma) Middelburg, J.J., G.J. De Lange & R. Kreulen (1990)- Dolomite formation in anoxic sediments of Kau Bay, Indonesia. Geology 18, 5, p. 399-402. Middelburg, J.J. (1991)- Organic carbon, sulphur, and iron in Recent semi- euxinic sediments of Kau Bay, Indonesia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 3, p. 815-828. Milsom, J., R. Hall & T. Padmawidjaja (1996)- Gravity fields in eastern Halmahera and the Bonin Arc; implications for ophiolite origin and emplacement. Tectonics 15, 1, p. 84-93. (Classic large ophiolite bodies generally associated with large gravity anomalies. No large anomalies in ophiolitic fragmented terranes like E Halmahera-Waigeo terrane. Ophiolites probably Jurassic age and associated with Cretaceous- M Eocene island arc volcanics. Crust at least 20km thick, probably thickening in intra-oceanic island arc. Waigeo also has Oligocene volcanoclastics) Milsom, J., I. Parson, D. Massom, G. Nichols, N. Sikumbang & B. Dwiyanto (1996)- Tectonics of the PalauHalmahera- Waigeo triangle. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 385-395. (Region E of Halmahera occupied by number of blocks of thickened island-arc crust and regions of deeper water underlain by oceanic crust. Geoloical history still obscure. East Philippine Sea Arc formed in Eocene; had E-W strike in Oligocene, now N-S alignment after rotation of Philippine sea Plate. In earliest Miocene, a second arc terrane, wich also included Eocene volcanics, welded onto New Guinea which at that time was 2000km S of present position)) Moore, G.F., D. Kadarisman, C.A. Evans & J.W. Hawkins (1981)- Geology of the Talaud Islands, Molucca Sea collision zone, northeast Indonesia. J. Struct. Geol. 3, p. 467-475. (M Miocene-Pleistocene sediments over Early Miocene(?) mélange complex) Moore, G.F., D. Kadarisman & Sukamto (1980)- New data on the geology of the Talaud Islands, Molucca Sea. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 13, p. 5-12. (Talaud islands at N end of Molucca Sea with E-dipping slabs of ophiolite in tectonic melange, associated with M Eocene cherts and limestones. Overlain by moderately deformed, very deep marine M Miocene- Pliocene sediments. Talaud ophiolites interpreted as fragments of Eocene or older oceanic crust and mantle, emplaced into forearc terrane in Early Miocene. Talued Island block uplifted >2000m since Pliocene) Moore, G.F. & E.A. Silver (1983)- Collision processes in the northern Molucca Sea. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands; 2. AGU Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 360-372. (Collision zone between two facing island arcs. W Mindanao Arc collided in mid-Tertiary with E Mindanao Arc. Thick sediments, presently being deformed in Molucca Sea collision zone, eroded from New Guinea and Halmahera in S and from collision zone in Mindanao. Substantial strike-slip motion during collision. Two new subduction zones are propagating southward. Morrice, M.G. & J.B. Gill (1986)- Spatial patterns in the mineralogy of island-arc-magma series-Sangihe-Arc, Indonesia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 29, p. 311-353. (500-km-long Sangihe arc is western of two colliding arcs in NE Indonesia. Andesites dominate. Plagioclase basalts at S volcanic front evolve to two-pyroxene andesites; Augite basalts behind volcanic front and to N where collision is more complete, evolve to hornblende andesites. Percentage of mantle fusion highest at S volcanic front) Morrice, M.G., P.A. Jezek, J.B. Gill, D.J. Whitford & M. Monoarfa (1983)- An introduction to the Sangihe arc: volcanism accompanying arc-arc collision in the Molucca Sea, Indonesia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 19, p. 135-165.


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Morris, J.D., P.A. Jezek, S.R. Hart & J.B. Gill (1983)- The Halmahera island arc, Molucca Sea collision zone, Indonesia: a geochemical survey. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands, 2, Amer. Geophys. Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 373-387. (W Halmahera volcanic arc above 45° E-dipping Benioff zone which is present down to 230 km. Three regions with distinct chemistry and tectonic setting. Most volcanoes part of calc-alkaline oceanic segment. Continental suite on Bacan reflects intersection of oceanic arc with continental fragment. Origin of alkaline rocks on inactive volcanic islands along Sorong Fault zone unclear) Nichols, G.S. & R. Hall (1991)- Basin formation and Neogene sedimentation in a backarc setting, Halmahera, eastern Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 8, p. 50-61. (Halmahera Basin formed by subsidence of thickened crust of imbricated Mesozoic-Palaeogene arc and ophiolite rocks. In Miocene basement complex formed thickened crust on which reef and reef-associated sediments were deposited, similar to Philippine Sea Plate plateaux and ridges. Late Miocene convergence between Philippine Sea Plate- Eurasian margin resulted in formation of Halmahera Trench to W. Subduction of Molucca Sea Plate at trench caused development of volcanic island arc. Subsidence in back-arc area produced sedimentary basin filled by clastics eroded from arc and uplifted basement and cover rocks. Basin asymmetric, thickest sediments on W side, against volcanic arc. Halmahera Basin modified by Plio-Pleistocene E-W compression as Molucca Sea Plate was eliminated by subduction). Nichols, G,.R. Hall, J. Milsom, D. Masson, L. Parson, N. Sikumbang et al. (1990)- The southern termination of the Philippine Trench. Tectonophysics 183, p. 289-303. (Philippine Trench in process of propagating S and some of ESE-WNW convergence is transferred via broad NE-SW zone of dextral strike-slip across N Halmahera into Molucca Sea Collision Zone. E Halmahera-Waigeo Ophiolite Terrane area of shallow water and islands underlain by ophiolitic basement between Halmahera and Sorong Fault Zone. Halmahera is in diffuse boundary zone at margin of Philippine Sea Plate) Nichols, G., Kusnama & R. Hall (1991)- Sandstones of arc and ophiolite provenance in a backarc basin, Halmahera, eastern Indonesia. In: A.C. Morton, S.P. Todd & P.D.W. Haughton (eds.) Developments in sedimentary provenance studies, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 57, p. 291-303. (Late Neogene backarc basin on Halmahera distinctive detrital sandstones mineral assemblages. Quartz extremely rare, indicating no input from continental sources. Two provenance areas: volcanics in W half of basin and black sands of ultrabasic origin interbedded with carbonate mudstones in E of basin. These reflect nature of terrains which bordered Halmahera Basin) Okino, K., Y. Ohara, S. Kasuga & Y. Kato (1999)- The Philippine Sea: new survey results reveal the structure and the history of the marginal basins. Geoph. Res. Lett. 26, 15, p. 2287-2290. Olberg D.J., J. Rayner, R.P.Langmead & J.A.R Coote (1999) Geology of the Gosowong epithermal gold deposit, Halmahera, Indonesia. In: G. Weber (ed.) Proc. PACRIM '99 Congress, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, 4-99, p. 179-185. (Gosowong low-sulphidation epithermal copper-gold porphyries in Halmahera magmatic arc. Elongate dome formed by magma intrusion. Host rocks ?Late Miocene intermediate-basic volcanics and volcaniclastics) Palmer, M.R. (1991)- Boron- isotope systematics of Halmahera arc (Indonesia) lavas: evidence for involvement of the subducted slab. Geology 19, 3, p. 215-217. Prihatmoko, S. & F.E. Nugroho (1998)- Tertiary volcanic and intrusive rocks in Obi Island, Maluku Indonesia and related hydrothermal mineralization. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Sumberdaya Min. Energi p. 29-45. Pringle, I.J. (1989)- Exploration for epithermal gold mineralisation in West Halmahera- Bacan island area, North Maluku Province. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. Sixth Reg. Conf. Geology, Mineral and Hydrocarbon Resources of Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 291-299.


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(Stream sampling located 16 gold/ metal anomalies in W Halmahera and Bacan, hosted by Tertiary andesitic lavas. Bacan Island mainly Tertiary volcanics with uplifted core of Sibela Fm high-grade metamorphics) Pubellier, M., A.G. Bader, C. Rangin, B. Deffontaines & R. Quebral (1999)- Upper plate deformation induced by subduction of a volcanic arc: the Snellius Plateau (Molucca Sea, Indonesia and Mindanao, Philippines). Tectonophysics 304, 4, p. 345-368. (N Molucca Sea incipient subduction of composite oceanic- arc volcanic block (Snellius-Halmahera- SHB) beneath Sangihe Arc outer ridge. In Mindanao, convergence generated shortening of forearc basin and backthrusting of SHB. Classic system of paired subduction (Philippine Trench) and strike-slip fault (Philippine Fault) was installed. Transition from lithospheric subduction to crustal overthrusting where Philippine Trench s.s. begins, coinciding with offshore extension of Philippine Fault. Reversal of thrusts from E-ward vergence in Molucca Sea to W-ward vergence in Mindanao at latitude where forearc is uplifted and downgoing SHB crust deepens, resulting in strong gravity low above accretionary wedge) Pudjowalujo, H. & D. Bering (1982)- Rock multi element geochemistry at the copper- gold anomaly in Kaputusan (Bacan Island), Moluccas, Indonesia. In: S.T. Watson (ed.) Trans. 3rd Circum Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conf., Honolulu, 1982, p. 303-324. Pudjowaluyo, H. & N. Suryono (1982)- Mineralisasi logam tembaga di Hulu S. Kaputusan, P. Bacan, Maluku Utara. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 9, 1, p. 28-35. (Copper mineralization at Kutusupan, Bacan island) Rangin, G., D. Dahrin, R. Quebral & The MODEC Scientific Party (1996)- Collision and strike-slip faulting in the Northern Molucca Sea (Philippines and Indonesia): preliminary results of a morphotectonic study. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds). Tectonic evolution of southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 106, p. 29-46. (N Molucca Sea survey reveals presence of almost complete Sangihe arc and forearc, etc.) Ranken B., R.K. Cardwell & D.E. Karig (1984) Kinematics of the Philippine Sea plate. Tectonics 3, 5, p. 555575. Richards, T.H, D. Basuki & M.D. Priyono (2004)- Discovery of the Toguraci epithermal Au-Ag deposits, Gosowong Goldfield, Halmahera Island, East Indonesia. In: Proc. PACRIM 2004 Conf., Hi tech and world competitive mineral success stories around the Pacific Rim, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, p. 359-366. Roberts, S.J. (1993)- The foraminiferal biostratigraphy and biofacies of the Neogene sediments of the Halmahera region, NE Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. London, 287 p. Roberts, S.J. & E.M. Finch (1993)- An integrated Tertiary biozonation scheme for the Halmahera region, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of Mainland SE Asia (BIOSEA), Chiang Mai 1993, p. 455457. Roothaan, H. P. (1928)- Geologische en petrografische schets der Talaud en Nanusa eilanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 54 (1925), Verhand. II, p. 174-220. (‘Geologic and petrographic sketch of Talaud and Nanusa Islands’. Islands mainly composed of igneous core, of mainly gabbros and peridotites, with thin sediment cover (probably Mesozoic radiolarian chert, breccias, overlain by presumably Tertiary unfossiliferous sandstones and marls). With 1:200,000 map) Ryan, M., H. Butcher, T. Halvorsen, L.W. Kuilman, J. Demichelis, Sayentika, A. Jansson et al. (2012)- An early look at the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Halmahera Basin, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA12-G-078, p. 1-14. (On Halmahera II PSC in Halmahera frontier basin acreage. Prospective plays Oligocene/Miocene Carbonate Reefal Buildup and Miocene re-deposited carbonates, potential source rocks source rock marine Miocene Klamogun and Klasafet-equivalent formations)


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Sartono, S. & S. Hadiwisastra (1989)- Ophiolitic melange in Gebe Island and its olistostromal origin. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 157-169. (Gebe Island between Halmahera and Waigeo with nickel-chromite deposits. Chaotic basement complex overlain by U Miocene-Pliocene bioclastic limestones. Basement probably olistostrome, with ultrabasic and metamorphic clasts and probably Eocene- E Miocene age) Scott, R.B. (1983)- Magmatic evolution of island arcs in the Philippine Sea. In: T.W.C. Hilde, & S. Uyeda (eds.) Geodynamics of the Western Pacific-Indonesian region, Amer. Geoph. Union and GSA, Geodyn. Ser. 11, p. 173-188. Scott, R. & L. Kroenke (1980)- Back-arc speading and arc volcanism in the Philippine Sea. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands, AGU Geoph. Mon. 23, p. 283-291. Seno, T. & S. Maruyama (1984)- Paleogeographic reconstructions of the Philippine Sea. Tectonophysics 102, p. 53-84. Seno, T., S.A. Stein & A.E. Gripp (1993)- A model for the motion of the Philippine Sea Plate consistent with NUVEL 1 and geological data. J. Geophys. Res. 98, p. 941-948. Silitonga, P.H., H. Pudjowalujo & H. Mollat (1981)- Geological reconnaissance and mineral prospecting on Bacan Island (Moluccas, Indonesia). In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujano (eds.) The geology and tectonics of eastern Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 373-381. (Bacan Island oldest rocks are intensely deformed mica schists and amphibolites and associated ultrabasic rocks of unknown age and NNE-SSW foliation. Oldest dated rocks probably Late Oligocene- Early Miocene age submarine andesites intruded by granodiorites and with intercalated coral limestones. Volcanic series overlain byE-M Miocene marine clastics with common volcanic detritus, overlain by Late Tertiary- Quaternary Young volcanics. Recent coral reefs raised to 700m above sea level) Silver, E.A. & J.C. Moore (1978)- The Molucca Sea collision zone, Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res. 83, p. 16811691. (same as reprint below). Silver, E.A. & J.C. Moore (1981)- The Molucca Sea collision zone. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.), The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 327-340. (Scripps 1977 seismic profiles across Molucca Sea. Molucca Sea zone of crustal collision bordered by N trending Sangihe and Halmahera volcanic arc underlain by oppositely dipping Benioff zones. Length of Benioff zones suggest at least 1000km of subducted lithosphere. At least 8-10 km of low-density collisional melange material, now exposed on Talaud,Mayu, Tifoe islands) Sodik, A., M.G. Rukmiati & J. Purnomo (1993)- Hydrocarbon potential of frontier Weda Basin, South East Halmahera. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 653-663. (Southernmost Halmahera metamorphic terrane is microcontinent derived from Irian Jaya (Kemum?), moved W along Sorong FZ. E arms of Halmahera are Jurassic-age ophiolite terrane. Up to 5000m of sediment in Weda basin, offshore SE Halmahera, with Miocene carbonates as main potential play) Soeria Atmadja, R. (1981)- Ophiolites in the Halmahera paired belts, East Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujano (eds.) The geology and tectonics of eastern Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Indonesia, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 363-372. (Halmahera is connected double arc. N and S arms are W volcanic arc, mainly Quaternary volcanics, Neogene marine sediments and Oligo-Miocene volcanics. NE and SE arms large ophiolite belt (subduction zone ophiolite) with ultramafic rocks imbricated with Mesozoic deep water sediments and E Tertiary rocks) Soeria-Atmadja, R. & R. Sukamto (1979)- Ophiolitic rock association on Talaud islands, East Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 1, p. 17-35.


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(Ophiolite rocks as isolated blocks in mélange complex, with scaly clay matrix) Suasta, I.G.M. & G. Hartono (2011)- Kaputusan porphyry copper-gold project, Bacan island. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-096, 19p. (Kaputusan copper-gold porphyry prospect on Bacan Island comprised of a series of volcanic rocks intruded by a least three types of Neogene intermediate intrusive rocks) Sukamto, R. (1979)- Tectonic significance of melange on the Talaud islands, Northeastern Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 2, p. 7-19. Sukamto, R. (1980)- Tectonic significance of melange on the Talaud islands, Northeastern Indonesia. Geol. Palaeontol. Southeast Asia 21, p. 291-302. Sukamto, R. (1981)- Tectonic significance of melange on the Talaud Islands, northeastern Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2. p. 7-19. Sukamto, R. (1989)- Halmahera, a typical Cainozoic volcanic island arc in eastern Indonesia. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 12, 1 (Katili volume), p. 177-191. (Halmahera volcanic in W, related to subduction of Molucca Sea in W. Eastern province non-volcanic, characterized by common ophiolites imbricated with Late Jurassic- Cretaceous deep water sediments. Western arc three magmatic cycles: Late Oligocene- E Miocene, Plio-Pleistocene and Holocene. Sukamto, R., T. Apandi, S. Supriatna & A. Yasin (1981)- The geology and tectonics of Halmahera Island and surrounding areas. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujano (eds.) The geology and tectonics of eastern Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 349-362. (Halmahera area three sub-parallel N-S ‘arcs’: (1) E Halmahera- Waigeo non-volcanic arc with imbricated Jurassic-age ophiolites and Late Jurassic-Cretaceous deep sea sediments,overlain by Paleogene flysch-type rocks with ultramafic clasts and limestones with Eocene Ta-Tb forams. In SE arm also coal interbeds (2) W Halmahera- Obi volcanic arc, intermittently active since Oligocene and (3) Talaud- Tifore Ridge in Molucca sea composed of imbricated ?Eocene ophiolites and melange) Sukamto, R. & N. Suwarna (1976)- Melange di daerah Kepulauan Talaud, Indonesia Timurlaut. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI), 2, p. 19-27. ('Melange in the Talaud Islands region') Sukamto, R. & N. Suwarna (1979)- Tectonic significance of mélange on the Talaud Islands, Northeastern Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 2, p. 7-19. (Talud-Tifore Ridge is zone of collision between two island arc systems, Sangihe to W, Halmahera to E. Talaud island melange basement consists of blocks of serpentinized peridotite, gabbro, pillow basalt, metamorphic rocks, greywackes, chert, limestone, etc., all tectonized in pervasively sheared mass. Overlain by M MiocenePliocene marine sediments) Sukamto, R. & N. Suwarna (1986)- Geologic map of the Talaud Quadrangle, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Suparan, P., R.A.C. Dam, S. van der Kaars & T.E. Wong (2001)- Late Quaternary tropical lowland environments on Halmahera, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, p. 229-285. Supriatna, S. (1980)- Geologic map of the Morotai Quadrangle, North Maluku. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Supriatna, S., T. Apandi & W. Simandjuntak (1977)- Geologic map of Waigeo Quadrangle, Irian Jaya, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p.


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Swift, L.R. & M. Alwan (1990)- The discovery of gold-silver mineralization at Binabase, Sangihe Island, Indonesia. Proc. Pacific Rim 90 Congress, p. 533-539. Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1938)- Corals from an elevated marl of Talaud (East Indies). Zoolog. Meded., Leiden, 20, p. 263-274. (Online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150648) (Corals collected by Kuenen during Snellius expedition from marine marl near Mahammale, Talaud Island. Well preserved, 15 species, all still living, so Pleistocene- Holocene age) Uneputty, H., S. Supriatna & F. Hehuwat (1991)- Evaluasi stratigrafi wilayah Halmahera dan kaitannya dengan potensi hidrokarbon. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1990, 1, p. 52-68. (‘Evaluation of Halmahera stratigraphy and relation to hydrocarbon potential’. In East ?Jurassic-age ophiolitic rocks overlain by Upper Cretaceous carbonates and Paleo-Eocene clastics. Weda Bay possibly 6000m of sediments) Van Nouhuys, J.W. (190?)- Title unknown (Verbeek 1908: paper reporting Eocene alveolinid limestone from East Halmahera) Vening Meinesz, F.A. (1961)- Orogeny in the New Guinea, Palao, Halmaheira area (geophysical conclusions). Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B64, p. 240-244. Verbeek, R.D.M. (1908)- Halmahera. In: Molukken Verslag, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 37 (1908), Wet. Ged., p. 154-176. (First significant geologic survey of Halmahera in 1899, describing main patterns of island geology with abundant Mesozoic or older ultrabasics in C and E part of island, mainly andesitic volcanics in W. Presence of Eocene alveolinid limestone in float, Miocene Lepidocyclina limestone, etc.) Verstappen, H.T. (1964)- Some volcanoes of Halmahera (Moluccas) and their geomorphological setting. Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 81, p. 297-316. Wanner, J. (1913)- Zur Geologie der Inseln Obimajora und Halmahera in den Molukken. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Paleont., Beil. Band 36, p. 560-585. (‘On the geology of Obi and Halmahera islands in the Moluccas’. Many localities with ultrabasic rocks and andesitic volcanics) Wichmann, A. (1921)- Die Vulkane der Sangi-Inseln. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 22, 1, p. 3-52. (‘The volcanoes of the Sangi Islands’, between Molucca Sea and Celebes Sea) Widiwijayanti, C., V. Mikhailov, M. Diament, C. Deplus, R. Louat, S. Tikhotsky & A. Gvishiani (2003)Structure and evolution of the Molucca Sea area: constraints based on interpretation of a combined sea-surface and satellite gravity dataset. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 215, p. 135-150. Widiwijayantia, C., C. Tiberi, C. Deplus, M. Diament, V. Mikhailov & R. Louat (2004)- Geodynamic evolution of the northern Molucca Sea area (Eastern Indonesia) constrained by 3-D gravity field inversion. Tectonophysics 386, 3-4, p. 203-222. (N Molucca Sea dominated by interaction between ophiolitic ridges, sedimentary wedges and rigid blocks of Philippine Sea Plate. Large density variations in C part of N Molucca Sea. N-S trending density structures along C Ridge and W dipping thrust faults on W side of region clearly imaged. In E part of region several blocks, especially Snellius Plateau, split into two parts. We interpret this as oceanic plateau with thicker crust that previously belonged to Philippine Sea Plate, now trapped between Molucca Sea complex collision zone and Philippine Trench, due to development of a new subduction zone at E side)


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Yasin, A. (1980)- Geologic map of the Bacan Quadrangle, North Maluku, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 9 p. (Bacan Island off S Halmahera with core of thick Sibela Fm metamorphics with NW-SE and W-E trending foliation. Unconformably overlain by Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene Bacan Fm volcanics and clastics and later Miocene- Pliocene clastics- volcanoclastics)


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VI.2. Banggai, Sula, Taliabu, Obi Agustiyanto, D.A. (1996)- The geology and tectonic evolution of the Obi region, Eastern Indonesia. M. Phil. Thesis, Univ. London, 220 p. (Obi located within strands of Sorong Fault system at Australian-Philippine Sea plate boundary. Oldest rocks metamorphic complex of phyllites, schists and gneisses, probably Paleozoic in age, in greenschist- amphibolite facies. Overlain by Triassic and Jurassic micaceous sandstones and black shales, considered derived from Australian continental margin. Ophiolitic rocks, of supposed Jurassic age, form basement of most of Obi region, are unconformably overlain by Cretaceous volcaniclastic rocks, limestones and mudstones. Juxtaposition of the ophiolitic and continental rocks in south Obi probably in Late Neogene) Agustiyanto, D.A. (1998)- Geology of the Obi islands, Eastern Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. (Bandung), 8, 81, p. 2-9. (Oldest rocks on Obi island Paleozoic or older metamorphic complex. Overlain by Triassic- Jurassic micaceous sandstone. Also ?Jurassic ophiolitic rocks, volcanics, etc.) Ali, J.R., R. Hall & S.J. Baker (2001)- Palaeomagnetic data from a Mesozoic Philippine Sea Plate ophiolite on Obi Island, Eastern Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, p. 535-546. (Paleomag of Jurassic(?) age Halmahera ophiolite exposed on SW Obi Island suggest position close to equator in middle Mesozoic. K-Ar ages of ophiolite 96 +/- 10 Ma and 103 +/-13 Ma regarded as minimum ages. Diorite intrusions yield Late Cretaceous ages) Amiruddin (2000)- Peraluminous and metaluminous Permian-Triassic granitoids of the Banggai-Sula microcontinent and the Northern Australia continent in the Bird Head Papua. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 10, 110, p. 2-15. Ali, J.R. & R. Hall (1995)- Evolution of the boundary between the Philippine Sea plate and Australia: paleomagnetic evidence from eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 251, p. 251-275. (Paleomagnetic data from Taliabu Coniacian-Santonian pelagic limestones suggest paleolatitude at 19°+/- 6°, similar to Misool, suggesting Sula/Taliabu and Misool part of single microcontinent, >10° farther N than expected if attached to Australia, and implying region separated from Australia before Late Cretaceous) Boehm, G. (1904)- Die Sudkusten der Sula-Inseln Taliabu und Mangoli. I. Grenzschichten zwischen Jura und Kreide. Palaeontographica, Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien 1, p. 1-46. ('The South coast of the Sula islands Taliabu and Mangoli: 1- Transitional beds between Jurassic and Cretaceous') Boehm, G. (1907)- Die Sudkusten der Sula-Inseln Taliabu und Mangoli, 2. Der Fundpunkt am oberen Lagoi auf Taliabu. Palaeontographica, Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien I, p. 47-58. ('The South coasts of the Sula islands Taliabu and Mangoli: 2- The fossil locality at the upper Lagoi on Taliabu') Boehm, G. (1907)- Die Sudkusten der Sula-Inseln Taliabu und Mangoli. 3. Oxford des Wai Galo. Palaeontographica Suppl. Vol. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien 1, p. 59-120. ('The South coasts of the Sula islands Taliabu and Mangoli: 3- Oxfordian of the Galo River, Taliabu. Common ammonites (Macrocephalites, Perisphinctes), Belemnites, Inoceramus, etc.) Boehm, G. (1912)- Die Sudkusten der Sula-Inseln Taliabu und Mangoli. 4. Unteres Callovien. Palaeontographica, Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien 1, p.121-179. ('The South coasts of the Sula islands Taliabu and Mangoli: 4- Lower Callovian. Belemnites mainly Dicoelites, ammonites mainly Macrocephalites (=Gondwanan-Tethyan or Himalayan bioprovince of later workers ?) Brouwer, H.A. (1915)- Over de geologie der Soela-eilanden (voorlopig reisbericht). Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk.Gen. 32, p. 509-512


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('On the geology of the Sula islands (preliminary travel report'. First, brief summary of 1915 survey, reporting widespread Jurassic outcrops, locally intensely folded, but not showing complicated thrust tectonics of Timor, Ceram, etc. Also granites and metamorphic rocks Brouwer, H.A. (1921)- Geologische onderzoekingen op de Soela eilanden I. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost Indie, Verhand. 49 (1920), p. 69-158. ('Geological investigations on the Sula islands-1'. Intensely folded crystalline schists, unconformably overlain by M Jurassic quartz sandstones, at least partly derived from granitic rocks. Overlain by Callovian- Oxfordian marine shales with ammonites and Cretaceous pelagic limestones. Tertiary clastics with thin coaly beds and rare loose material of Miocene limestone. Also various types of granites, probably pre-Jurassic age.) Brouwer, H.A. (1921)- Studien uber Kontaktmetamorphose, IX. Hornfelse von der Insel Taliabu (Sula-Inseln). Centralbl. Min. Geol. Pal. 1921, p. 417-422. ('Studies on contact-metamorphism, 9. Hornfels from Taliabu Island, Sula Islands') Brouwer, H.A. (1924)- Bijdrage tot de geologie der Obi-eilanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 52 (1923), Verhand., p. 5-62. ('Contribution to the geology of the Obi Islands'. Mesozoic rocks reminiscent of those from Sula, Buru, Misool. Possibly Triassic micaceous sandstones, M Jurassic phyllitic shales and marls with ammonites on SW Obi Besar, possibly Cretaceous pelagic limestones, E Miocene shallow carbonates, etc. Also serpentinites, crystalline schists and various igneous rocks) Brouwer, H.A. (1926)- Geologische onderzoekingen op de Soela eilanden- II. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost Indie, Verhand. 54 (1925), 1, p. 3-11. ('Geological investigations on the Sula islands-2'. Brief descriptions of traverses on Taliabu and Mangoli islands. Outcrops mainly Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous, with common ammonites. Oldest rocks Upper Liassic. With table of macrofossil distribution at different localities by Kruizinga) Challinor, A.B. & S.K. Skwarko (1982)- Jurassic belemnites from Sula Islands, Moluccas, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Paleont. Ser. 3, p. 1-89. (17 belemnite species from M-L Jurassic of Sula Islands. Assemblages dominated by species of Belemnopsis, Dicoelites and Hibolithes, which, with absence of Tethyan genus Duvalia, suggest it is not low-latitude Tethyan, but higher latitude ‘Austral’/’peri-Gondwanan’ assemblage) Ferdian, F., R. Hall & I. Watkinson (2010)- A structural re-evaluation of the North Banggai-Sula area, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-009, 20p. (2D seismic interpretation N of Banggai-Sula. No evidence of continuous E-W-trending N Sula-Sorong Fault ) Francis, G. & G.E.G. Westermann (1993)- The Kimmeridgean problem in Papua-New Guinea and other parts of the Indo-Southwest Pacific. In: G.J. & Z.Carman (eds.) Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 75-93. (Sula Islands most complete Jurassic ammonite sequence in W Pacific. Oxfordian 3 zones. Lower zone is in Wanaea spectabilis dinoflagellate zone, middle zone with upper W. spectabilis and upper zone with Wanaea clathrata dinozones. Ammonite-rich zone overlain by ammonite-poor zone, then latest Tithonian- earliest Berriasian assemblage with P. iehiense dinos) Garrard, R.A., J.B. Supandjono & Surono (1988)- The geology of the Banggai-Sula microcontinent, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 23-52. (Comprehensive overview of Banggai-Sula microcontinent stratigraphy and M Miocene- Pliocene collision with NE Sulawesi. Carboniferous-age metamorphic basement intruded by Late Permian- Triassic granite intrusives. Locally thick Mangole Fm Triassic volcanics affected by block faulting and unconformably overlain by Early Jurassic redbeds, then M Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Buya Fm marine section and Late Cretaceous Tanamu Fm chalky pelagic marine sediments. Unconformably overlain by Eocene- M Miocene Salodik Fm platform


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carbonates. No record of Mio-Pliocene ‘Sulawesi Molasse’. Raised Quaternary reefal carbonates up to 1000m. Wet gas seep in N Mangole, possibly tied to Jurassic coaly source) Jaworski, E (1921)- Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Untersten Doggers von Taliabu (Sula-Inseln). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 49 (1920), Verh. 2, p. 191-206. ('A contribution to the knowledge of the basal Dogger (= Middle Jurassic) of Taliabu, Sula islands'. Relatively poorly preserved molluscs and ammonites indicative of Dogger/ Aalenian age) Kadarusman, A., N.L. Basuki & R. Suriaatmadja (1994)- Komplek batuan besar Kepulauan Sula: sebuah studi pendahuluan. Proc. 30th Anniv. Symposium, R&D Centre for Geotechnology LIPI, p. Kholiq, A., R. Widiastuti, T. Bambang S.R. & I. Firdaus (2011)- Zonasi foraminifera plangtonik Kapur Akhir dari Formasi Tanamu, Desa Parigi, Taliabu Timur, Kepulauan Sula. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-108, 11p. (Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera zonation of the Tanamu Fm, Parigi Village, East Taliabu, Sula Islands'. Planktonic foraminifera zones in Tanamu Fm (unconformably on Upper Jurassic?) indicative of Lower Coniacian-Campanian: Dicarinella primitiva, Dicarinella concavata, Dicarinella asymetrica, Globotruncanita elevata and Globotruncana ventricosa zones. Good correlation with nannoplankton) Klompe, T.H.F. (1954)- The structural importance of the Sula Spur (Indonesia). Indon. J. Nat. Sci. 110, p. 2140. (Summary of geology of N Moluccas, Ceram, Buru, Sula spur (Banggai, Sula, and Obi islands region). Sula spur is remnant of western termination of Australian-New Guinea Variscan (Paleozoic) fold belt, which acted as obstacle during Tertiary crustal movements and caused the double loop in the Banda fold arcs) Klompe, T.H.F. (1956)- The structural importance of the Sula Spur (Indonesia). Proc. 8th Pacific Sci. Congr., Philippines 1955, 2A, p. 869-889. (Same as Klompe 1954) Koenadi, H.S. (1995)- Gempabumi tektonik di Selat Obi, Maluku Utara. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 5, 44, p. 1224. ('Tectonic earthquakes in Obi Straits, N Moluccas') Koolhoven, W.C.B. (1930)- Verslag over een verkenningstocht in den Oostarm van Celebes en de Banggai Archipel. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 1929, Verh., p. 187-228. (‘Report of a reconnaissance survey in the East arm of Sulawesi and the Banggai Archipelago’. Banggai islands basement crystalline schists intruded by granodiorites, unconformably overlain by E Miocene micaceous sandstones and limestones with Spiroclypeus and Miogypsina, unconformably overlain by ?PlioPleistocene Peling Limestone. M or Late Miocene folding event and up to 1000m Quaternary uplift) Kruizinga, P. (1921)- De belemnieten uit de Jurassische afzettingen van de Soela eilanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), p. 161-189. (The belemnites from the Jurassic deposits of the Sula Islands'. Jurassic belemnites collected by Brouwer, mostly float material. No confident age conclusions, possibly Callovian- Oxfordian) Kruizinga, P. (1926)- Ammonieten en eenige andere fossielen uit de Jurassische afzettingen der Soela eilanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 54 (1925), Verh. 1, p. 13-85. ('Ammonites and some other fossils from the Jurassic deposits of the Sula islands'. M-L Jurassic cephalopods from Brouwer collection. Basal M Jurassic (Aalenian) in neritic facies, Bajocian- Tithonian in pelagic facies) Kuenen, Ph.H. (1942)- Obilatoe, Kisar and Siboetoe. Contributions to the geology of the East-Indies from the Snellius Expedition II. Geol. Mijnbouw 1942, 4, p. 81-90.


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(Geological observations from short visits to islands of Obilatu, Kisar and Sibutu with the 1929 Snellius Expedition. Obilatu composed manly of basic-ultrabasic igneous rocks and some tuffs, similar to NW part of Obimajor. Evidence of recent submergence) Kusnama (2008)- Fasies dan lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Bobong berumur Jura sebagai pembawa lapisan batubara di Taliabu, Kepulauan Sanana-Sula, Maluku Utara. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 3, 3, p. 161-173. ('Facies and depositional environment of the Jurassic Bobong Fm at the Taliabu coalfield, Sula islands, North Moluccas'. E-M Jurassic Bobong Fm lower part conglomerate facies, followed by fluvial quartz sandstone with claystones, changing to shallow marine claystone-mudstone. Upper section well exposed in W and N Taliabu Island. Coal beds in upper Bobong Fm of N Taliabu. Two seams 30-40 cm and 100-120 cm thick, sulphur 3-5% , fixed carbon 46-54%, ash 8-16%, subbituminous to high volatile bituminous rank) Kusnama, E. Partoyo & Rusmana (2007)- Batubara Formasi Bobong Pulau Taliabu, Maluku Utara. Majalah Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 21, p. ('Coal of the Bobong Formation, Taliabu Island, North Moluccas'. On E-M Jurassic coal) Martin, K. (1904)- Jungtertiare Kalksteine von Batjan und Obi. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, VII, p. 225-230. (Young Tertiary limestones from Bacan and Obi'. Occurrence of probably Early Miocene age limestone with Lepidocyclina and Heterostegina in SW Bacan and N-Central Obi) Nasution, F.A., B. Nugroho, A. Krisyunianto & A. Bachtiar (2008)- Overview petroleum system of TaliabuMangole synrift in Sula sub basin. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol., Bandung, 1, p. 761-772. (Triassic-Jurassic Taliabu-Mangole N-S trending synrift basin with gas seeps and oil odor indicating mature hydrocarbons. Surface mapping, seismic interpretation and evaluation of two wells suggest Jurassic Buya Shale and E-M Jurassic Bobong Coal potential source rocks and mature, but dominantly gas prone. On Taliabu Shelf source rock is immature, offshore Mangole source is mature. Bobong sand and fractured basement potential reservoirs, Buya Shale is regional seal. Common thrust anticlinal structural traps. No figures?) Natawidjaja, D.H. & A. Kadurasman (1994)- The structural natures of the Pre-Tertiary rock complexes of the Sula Islands and their tectonic significances: a preliminary view. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 433-446. (Foliation in pre-Jurassic metamorphic rocks variable with several deformation phases. Different orientations between Taliabu-Mangole Islands and Sulabesi, perhaps due to 90° CCW rotation of Taliabu- Mangole. PreTertiary sediments hardly deformed) Oloriz, F. & G.E.G. Westermann (1998)- The perisphinctid ammonite Sulaites n. gen. from the Upper Jurassic of the Indo-Southwest Pacific. Alcheringa, 22, 3-4, p. 231-240. (New genus Sulaites comprises Oxfordian group of 'Perisphinctes' sularus and moluccanus, described from Sula Islands, and Late Oxfordian-?E Kimmeridgian 'Pseudoparaboliceras aramaraii' group described from Irian Jaya. Genus Sulaites is known from Papua New Guinea and probably New Zealand and Nepal) Panuju (2011)- Pre-Tertiary nannoplankton biostratigraphy of Bobong, Buya and Tanamu Formations, BanggaiSula basin. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-053, 12p. (Nannoplankton from three M Jurassic- Cretaceous outcrop sections of Sula islands (no locality details), each representing a different formation. Babong Fm contains zone NJ9 (Bajocian, M Jurassic; with Watznaueria brittanica, Diductius constans), Buya Fm zone NJ17 (Tithonian, Late Jurassic, with Zeugrhabdotus embergeri at bottom, Stepanolithion bigotii at top), Tanamu Fm zones CC13-CC17 (Coniacian- Campanian, Late Cretaceous, with Marthasterites furcatus at bottom, Quadrum gartneri at top)) Pertamina/BKKA (1996)- Petroleum geology of Indonesian basins, VI-IX Eastern Indonesian Basins, VIBanggai, 24 p. 1-24.


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Pessagno, E.A. & D. Meyerhoff Hull (2002)- Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) radiolaria from the Sula Islands (East Indies): their taxonomic, biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, and paleobiogeographic significance. Micropaleontology 48, 3, p. 229-256. (Buya Fm L-M Oxfordian radiolarians and association with Austral ammonites suggest N Austral Province (>30°S) paleolatitude in Oxfordian, in keeping with Gondwana origin of Sula) Pigram, C.J., Surono & J.B. Supandjono (1985)- Geology and regional significance of the Sula Platform, East Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 11, p. 1-13. (Sula Platform basement Paleozoic slates-schists (K-Ar age 305 Ma) and Late Permian-Triassic granitoidsacid volcanics. Unconformably overlain by E Jurassic non-marine Kabauw Fm clastics, grading upward into fossiliferous Buya Fm M Jurassic- E Cretaceous bathyal black shale, overlain by Late Cretaceous Tanamu Fm calcilutites. Unconformably overlain by Miocene shallow marine limestones. Sula stratigraphy correlates poorly with W Irian Jaya stratigraphy, but most similar to central PNG. May be detached from PNG in Jurassic. Unlikely to be transported to E Indonesia by transcurrent faults, which in PNG did not develop before Late Oligocene) Pigram, C.J., Surono & J.B. Supandjono (1985)- Origin of the Sula Platform, Eastern Indonesia. Geology 13, p. 246-248. (Similar to paper above. Sula Platform stratigraphy closer to Central PNG between 141°-145° than to W New Guinea, implying E to W displacement of >2500 km. Sula stratigraphy characterized by Paleozoic low-grade metamorphics, Permo-Triassic granitoids and rel. complete marine Jurassic section, similar to PNG. Cretaceous on Sula is bathyal Late Cretaceous carbonates only, different from PNG which has more complete Cretaceous section, suggesting separation of Sula Platform in Early Cretaceous?) Rudyawan, A. & R. Hall (2012)- Structural reassessment of the South Banggai-Sula Area: no Sorong fault zone. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-030, p. 1-17. (New seismic data suggests strands of Sorong Fault can be traced from New Guinea towards Sula Islands, but no through-going Sorong Fault Zone traceable to S of Banggai-Sula block.. Absence of through-going strikeslip fault zone along S Taliabu Shelf indicates Banggai-Sula block not transported to W by Sorong Fault Zone) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- De noordelijke Molukken en de Radja-Ampat groep. In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 761-782. (Review of geology of Northern Moluccas (Sula Islands, Obi, Bacan, Misool) and the Radja Ampat Group (Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati) Ryacudu, R., T. Wibowo & Y.E. Handiwiria (1993)- Exploration for carbonate reservoirs in the Banggai-Sula microcontinent, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 679-692. (Banggai-Sula microcontinent with carbonates in Upper Cretaceous (bathyal, tight), and Eocene-Miocene shallow marine carbonates with good reservoir potential) Sardjono (1999)- Gravity field and structure of the crust of the Banggai Island region, Eastern Indonesia, implications for tectonics and hydrocarbon prospects. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. 9, 99, p. 16-29. Sardjono & E. Mirnanda (2007)- Gravity field and structure of the crust beneath the East Arm of Sulawesi and the Banggai Archipelago. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-G-024, 11p. (Gravity suggests Banggai- Sula Archipelago composed of blocks of severely attenuated continental crust) Sartono, S., K.A.S. Astadiredja, H. Mirwanto, K. Pontjomokono & B. Suprapto (1991)- Banggai microplate Sunda subduction zone collision. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 376-395. Sato, T., G.E.G. Westermann, S.K. Skwarko & F. Hasibuan (1978)- Jurassic biostratigraphy of the Sula Islands, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bull. 4, 1, p. 1-28. (Sula Islands Jurassic section rich in fossils, probably <1500m thick. Mainly calcareous shales, some conglomerate and sandstone. Typical 'Indo-Pacific' series with Lower Callovian Macrocephalites fauna,


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Oxfordian Mayaites, U Tithonian Blanfordiceras, etc. Age range Late Toarcian- Tithonian, but Aalenian and M-U Callovian missing) Septriandi, I. Syafri, Y. Adriana S. & F. Ferdian (2012)- Jurassic sandstone characteristic of Bobong Formation in Taliabu Island, Eastern Indonesia: outcrop and petrography observations. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-SG-068, p. 1-13. (E-M Jurassic Bobong Fm sandstone on Taliabu (Sula Islands) in alluvial fan, fluvial and beach facies. Provenance from continental block (Banggai granite and low grade metamorphics). Porosity 9-19 %) Silver, E.A. (1977)- The Sula Spur enigma. Geol. Soc. America Meeting Abstract, 9, 7, p. 1175. Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1933)- Heeft de Banggai-Archipel in Jongtertiairen tijd een afwijkende ontwikkeling gehad? Onhoudbaarheid der Pliocene Molukkenbrug? Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 50, p. 227-238. (Discussion of Koolhoven (1930) conclusions on relation between Banggai Archipelago and Sulawesi) Soeria-Atmadja, R., M.E. Suparka & Y.S. Yuwono (1988)- Petrology of the Pre-Tertiary and Tertiary volcanic rocks from Obi, North Molucca. Majalah Ikatan Ahli Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 13, 1, 10 p. (Obi Island Pretertiary melange basement with blocks of ultrabasic rocks, basalts and Jurassic ammonitebearing sediments in foliated clay matrix. Overlain by less-deformed Tertiary shallow marine clastics with intercalations of andesitic arc volcanics, and in upper part with reefal limestones) Sudana, D., A. Yasin & K. Sutisna (1994)- Geological map of the Obi sheet, Maluku. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 1: 250,000. (Obi Island composed of Triassic-Jurassic ultramafics and metamorphic rocks, overlain by Late Oligocene- E Miocene Bacan Fm andesitic volcanics and volcanoclastics and Miocene- Pliocene clastics-carbonates. Original mapping 1975-1976) Sukamto, R. (1975)- Geologi daerah Kepulauan Banggai dan Sula. Geol. Indonesia 2, 3, p. 23-28. (‘Geology of the Banggai and Sula islands region’. Includes two broad K-Ar ages for Mangole Volcanics on Mangole Island: radiometric ages of 330± 90 Ma and 210± 25 Ma (Carboniferous- Triassic) Sukamto, R. & G.E.G. Westermann (1992)- Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. In: G.E.G. Westermann (ed.) The Jurassic of the Circum-Pacific, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 181-193. Supandjono, J.B. & E. Haryono (1993)- Geological map of the Banggai Quadrangle, Sulawesi-Maluku, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 13 p. Supandjono, J.B. & Surono (1987)- Stratigraphic correlation between Banggai- Sula Platform and Irian Jaya. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. Surono & D. Sukarna (1993)- Geological map of the Sanana Quadrangle, Maluku, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Van Nouhuijs, J.W. (1910)- Bijdrage tot de kennis van het eiland Taliaboe der Soela groep (Moluksche Zee). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aaardrijksk. Gen. (2), 27, p. 945-976 and p. 1173-1196. (‘Contribution to the knowledge of Taliabu island of the Sula Group’. Jurassic fossils collected by navy officer from a.o. famous Keeuw locality studied by Boehm, 1912) Walpersdorf, A., C. Vigny, P. Manurung, C. Subaraya & S. Sutisna (1998)- Determining the Sula block kinematics in the triple junction area in Indonesia by GPS. Geophys. J. Int. 135, p. 351-361. (Triple junction of three major plate boundaries (Australia- Eurasia- Philippines) is transition zone that includes Sula domain, which shows clockwise rotation)


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Wanner, J. (1913)- Zur Geologie der Inseln Obimajora und Halmahera in den Molukken. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Paleont. 36, p. 560-585. (‘On the geology of islands Obi Besar and Halmahera in the Moluccas’ Along SW Obi Akelamo River Pliocene marine marls and, black shales with concretions with M Jurassic ammonites Phylloceras and Macrocephalites, similar to the ‘Coronatenschichten’ of Sula. Miocene limestone with Miogypsina and Lepidocyclina near S coast near Ngutenute. Young raised coral reef terraces up to 320m elevation along S coast) Watkinson, I.M., R. Hall & F. Ferdian (2011)- Tectonic re-interpretation of the Banggai-Sula-Molucca Sea margin, Indonesia. In: R. Hall, M.A. Cottam & M.E.J. Wilson (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 203-224. (New bathymetric and seismic data from area N of Banggai-Sula Islands provide new insight into boundary between E Sulawesi ophiolite, Banggai-Sula microcontinent and Molucca Sea collision zone. Previously interpreted major faults such as Sula Thrust and N Sula-Sorong Fault, are not seen. Gently dipping strata of Banggai-Sula microcontinent margin can be traced N-wards beneath younger rocks) Westermann, G.E.G. & J.H. Callomon (1988)- The Macrocephalitinae and associated Bathonian and early Callovian (Jurassic) ammonoids of the Sula islands and New Guinea. Palaeontographica A, 203, p. 1-90. (Five Bathonian- Early Callovian ammonite assemblages on S Taliabu. Also from Bathonian at PNG Strickland River. East Indian faunas dominated by Macrocephalitidae, many of which are species unknown outside Indonesia- New Guinea (one other SW Pacific occurrence in New Zealand). Because of high endemicity at species level in Macrocephalitinae and at genus level in Satoceras and Irianites, E Indonesia and PNG may be considered as separate ammonite faunal province or subprovince, perhaps part of Maorian/SW Pacific Province during Late Bajocian- E Callovian. Diversity and compositions of ammonite faunas suggest Sula was in warmer waters than Birds Head Peninsula) Westermann, G.E.G., T. Sato & S.K. Skwarko (1978)- Brief report on the Jurassic biostratigraphy of the Sula Islands, Indonesia. Newsl. Stratigraphy 7, 2, p. 96-101. (Classic ammonite localities on Taliabu and Mangole reexamined. U Toarcian sst overlain by thick Bajocian micaceous marly shales. No evidence for Aalenian. Overlying thick marly claystones with E Callovian "Keeuw fauna" and "Wai Galo fauna" with E-M Oxfordian ammonite assemblages. No new evidence for Bathonian or higher Callovian. Thick Kimmeridgian-Middle Tithonian argillaceous sequence entirely in belemnite-bivalve facies. Upper Tithonian claystones again rich ammonite fauna) Wichmann, A. (1914)- On some rocks of the Island of Taliabu (Sula-Islands). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 17, 1, p. 226-239. (online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (Description of granites and other igneous rocks, metamorphics, Jurassic iron oolite with belemnites. Oldest rocks are highly folded phyllites)


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VI.3. Seram, Buru, Ambon Al-Shaibani, S., D.J. Carter & L. Zaninetti (1983)- Geological and micropaleontological investigations in Upper Triassic (Asinepe Limestones) of Seram, Outer Banda Arc, Indonesia. Arch. Sci. Genève 37, p. 301-316. (Upper Triassic Asinepe Fm tropical-reefal carbonates of Seram considered to have been deposited on margin of Sundaland and now form thrust sheet over imbricated Triasic- Miocene 'para-autochton'. Two distinct foram facies associations: (1) muddy lagoonal facies dominated by Involutinidae and Triasina hantkeni and (2) nearreefal facies dominated by porcellaneous forams. No location maps, stratigraphy, etc.) Al-Shaibani, S., D.J. Carter & L. Zaninetti (1984)- Microfaunes associees aux Involudinidae et aux Milioporidae dans le Trias superieur (Rhetien) de Seram, Indonesie: precisions stratigraphiques et paleocologie. Arch. Sci. Geneve 36, p. 297-313. (Upper Triassic microfaunas from Asinepe Fm reefal and lagoonal platform limestone, Seram with Rhaetian index foram Triasina hantkeni. Many similarities with U Triassic Tethyan faunas in Europe and Asia) Audley-Charles, M.G. & D.J. Carter (1977)- Interpretation of a reginal seismic line from Misool to Seram: implications for regional structure and petroleum exploration. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Ass., 2, p. 312. (also in Oil and Gas J. 23, 1, p. 20-23) (Misool to Seram regional seismic shows imbricate zone at boundary of Seram island arc with New Guinea continental shelf. S wall of Seram Trough is like N wall of Timor Trough, interpreted as foothills-type fold belt. This may be regarded as an A-zone (Bally, 1975), representing margin between Banda Arc developing fold belt and Australian craton. Benioff subduction zone interpreted between non-volcanic Outer Banda arc and volcanic Inner Arc. A- and B-zones can be traced around Banda Arcs from Seram to Timor and beyond) Audley-Charles, M.G., D.J. Carter, A.J. Barber, M.S. Norvick & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1979)- Reinterpretation of the geology of Seram: implications for the Banda arcs and northern Australia. J. Geol. Soc. London 136, p. 547568. (also in: Geology and Tectonics of eastern Indonesia, GRDC Spec. Publ. 2, 1981, p. 217-237). (Remarkable similarities between Mesozoic-Miocene deep-water ‘para-autochtonous’ and shallow water ‘allochtonous’ successions of Seram and Timor. Triassic limestones in ‘Australian facies’ mostly planktonic facies Saman Saman Lst in ‘para-autochtonous’, structurally overlain by ‘Asian facies’Asinepe Lst in ‘allochtonous’.) Bachri, S. (2011)- Tectonostratigraphy and structures of Eastern Seram. J. Geol. Indonesia 6, 2, p. 85-93. (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/publication/index.php/dir/article_detail/305) (Seram geology re-interpreted in East Timor-analog tectonic complexes. Most of E Seram is 'Paraautochtonous complex', with Permian Kobipoto metamorphics, overlain by Triassic-Jurassic Kanikeh Fm flysch and age-equivalent Manusela Fm massive limestone, overlain by Cretaceous- Miocene pelagic deposits. 'Allochthonous overthrusted sequence of ultrabasic rocks comparable to Timor Banda allochton (called Permian age in text, Jurasic-Cretaceous in Fig. 3: HvG). Salas Complex is M Miocene- M Pliocene deep water olistostrome, similar to Timor Bobonaro Complex. Thrusting Neogene age and verging to NE) Beckinsale, R.D. & S. Nakapadungrat (1979)- A Late Miocene K-Ar age for the lavas of Pulau Kelang, Seram, Indonesia. In: S. Uyeda, R.W. Murphy & K. Kobayashi (eds.) Geodynamics of the Western Pacific. Proc. Int. Conf. Geodynamics Western Pacific-Indonesian Region, J. Physics Earth 26, Suppl. 6, p. 199-202. (K-Ar determinations for 10 samples of pillow basalts of Kelang island, W Seram (with palaeomagnetic analysis by Haile) gave Late Miocene ages of 4.7- 10.6 Ma (mean 7.6 Ma, Late Miocene) Boehm, G. (1905)- Uber Brachiopoden aus einem alteren Kalkstein der Insel Ambon. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 1905, Wetensch. Ged. (Verbeek Ambon report), p. 88-93. (Brachiopods from dark, mica-bearing impure limestone in sandstone series in Batu Gantung River are all new species, probably Early Paleozoic age, possibly Triassic. Probably same faunas determined as Late Triassic by Jaworski 1925) Boehm, G. (1908)- Vorjurassische Brachiopoden von Ambon. Neues Jahrb. Miner. Geol. Palaont., Beil. Band 25, p. 293-303. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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(‘Pre-Jurassic brachiopods from Ambon’. New species of Spiriferina, Athyris, Rhynchopora, Dielasma from Batu Gantung valley near town of Ambon. Age uncertain, probably Late Paleozoic- Triassic. (Deninger 1918, p. 30: similar to Late Triassic of Seram)) Boehm, G. (1910)- Zur neuen obertriadischen Fauna aus den Molukken. Centralbl. Min. Geol. Palaont. 1910, p. 161-163. ('On the new Upper Triassic fauna from the Moluccas'. On Triassic of Buru) Brouwer, H.A. (1919)- Geologische onderzoekingen in Oost-Ceram. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen. XXXVI, 6, p. 715-751. (Geological survey of E Seram. Folded Late Triassic ‘flysch-type’, locally bituminous, calcareous sandstonesshales, with interbeds of 80-100m thick, dark brachiopod and coral limestones. Sandstones locally common plant fragments and muscovite (look like immature, delta-front turbidite sands, from granitic-metamorphic terrane; HvG). These are thought to be thrusted over ‘Nief Series’ (as exposed in Wai Nief canyons). Nief series at base different Triassic limestone: massive, oolitic, poor in age-diagnostic macrofossils, similar to rocks from Timor (but not Misool), and overlain by ?Jurassic, Cretacous and Tertiary cherty pelagic limestones and foram marls. Mesozoic of Ceram succession remarkably poor in macrofossils compared to Misool. Gas and oil seeps in Triassic rocks near Bula and Wai Nief) Brouwer, H.A. (1925)- Over insluitsels en cordierietgehalte van bronziet-dacieten van het eiland Ambon. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. VIII (Verbeek volume), p. 73-80. ('On inclusions and cordierite content of bronzite-dacites on Ambon island'. Common inclusions of gneiss, some with cordierite phenocrysts) Brouwer, H.A. (1927)- Over Mesozoische afzettingen en eenige vulkanische gesteenten van het eiland Ambon. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 55 (1926), Verh. III, p. 233-245. ('On Mesozoic deposits and some volcanic rocks of Ambon island'. Reinterpretation of Verbeek (1908) conclusions and reiterates similarities of Ambon with NE part of W Timor. Upper Triassic sandstones, similar to Seram, with common quartz, possibly derived from mix of granites and schists. Also Upper Triassic dark grey limestones with crinoids, sponges, foraminifera and 11 species of brachiopods (Jaworski 1927), similar to Seram. Radiolarites of uncertain age) Davies, G.R. & S. Tommasini (2000)- Isotopic disequilibrium during rapid crustal anatexis: implications for petrogenetic studies of magmatic processes . Chemical Geol. 162, 2, p. 169-191. (Rapid crustal anatexis may prevent full isotopic equilibration. Dating metamorphic rocks using mineralwhole rock or mineral-mineral pairs may yield erroneous ages, as observed in metasediments of Seram where ages range from ~15 to 201 Ma, despite anatexis at 6 Ma. Consequently, some age estimates in literature may be incorrect) Darman, H. & P. Reemst (2012)- Seismic expression of geological features in Seram Sea: Seram Trough, Misool-Onin Ridge and sedimentary basin. Berita Sediment. 23, p. 28-34. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/) De Jong, H. (1923)- Studien uber Eruptiv- und Mischgesteine des Kaibobogebietes (West Ceram). In: L. Rutten & W. Hotz (eds.) Geological, petrographical and palaeontological results of explorations 1917-1919 in the Island of Ceram, First Ser., Petrography, 1, Amsterdam, 87 p. (Petrographic descriptions of igneous rocks from Kaibobo area, W Seram: granites/ gneissess (incl. cordierite granites), peridotites/ serpentinites, gabbros, etc.) Deninger, K. (1914)- Morphologische Ubersicht der Insel Seran. Petermann Geogr. Mitt. 60, 2, p. 16-18. ('Morphological overview of Seram island') Deninger, K. (1915)- Geographische Ubersicht vom West-Seran. Petermann Geogr. Mitt. 1915, p. 385-388. ('Geographical overview of West Seram')


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Deninger, K. (1918)- Zur Geologie von Mittel-Seran (Ceram). Palaeontographica, Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien III, 2, p. 25-58. (‘On the geology of Central Seram’. Report on four N-S traverses of Central Seram during 'Second Freiburger Moluccas Expedition' of 1911. With geologic map, cross-sections. Pre-Triassic metamorphic rocks overlain by Late Triassic sands and shales, micaceous and with Monotis salinaria, Hallorella, plant material, etc., becoming more sandy in W direction. Grade upwards into Late Triassic- M Jurassic limestones (~150m thick), with brachiopod Misolia, 'Phertronen', corals and hydrozoans. Overlain by massive grey and white limestones, locally cherty, also with Misolia. Overlain by ~20m 'Fatjet-shale' with Inoceramus and belemnites, then (~100m) red-white Late Jurassic- Cretaceous 'Fatjet-limestone', rich in Inoceramus, forams (in upper part common 'Discorbinen' = U Cretaceous Globotruncana; HvG), radiolarians and rare canaliculate belemnites. Overlain by ~100-150m Tertiary Globigerina marls. Seram Jurassic-Cretaceous marine facies deeper than comparable series on Misool. Overlain by ~400m Tertiary massive limestone with orbitoids, alveolinids) De Smet, M.E.M. & A.J. Barber (1992)- Report on the geology of Seram. Univ. London SE Asia Research Group Report 109, 103 p. (Unpublished) (Overview of early work and stratigraphy. Extensive metamorphic complexes probably mainly Permian- E Triassic age. Kabipoto Complex metamorphics of S/SW Seram associated with ultramafic rocks, may be result of 4-5 Ma ophiolites obduction of ophiolites that once may have covered large part of Seram. Late Triassic Manusela oolitic Lst facies is large lens-like bodies in Kanikeh Fm clastics sequence, not from separate terranes as argued by earlier authors. Seram is thrustbelt composed of material from microcontinent that collided with Banda Arc in Late Miocene-Pliocene) De Smet, M.E.M., P.A. Sumususastro, I. Siregar, L.J. van Marle, S.R. Troelstra & A.R. Fortuin (1989)- Late Cenozoic geohistory of Seram, Indonesia. Geol. en Mijnbouw 68, p. 221-235. (SW Seram Plio-Pleistocene basin on top of Paleozoic metamorphics records up to 1500m of Late PlioceneEarly Pleistocene subsidence after Late Miocene compressional deformation and uplift. Subsidence is followed by 1-2 km of Late Pleistocene (~1 Ma) uplift) Djoehanah, S. (1997)- Foraminifera Pra-Tersier dan Paleogen di daerah Saleman- Sawai, Seram Utara. Jurnal Teknol. Mineral (ITB) 4, 1, p. (‘Foraminifera from Pre-Tertiary and Paleogene sediments from Saleman and Sawai, North Seram’. Triassic benthic foraminifera in Manusela Limestone: Glomospira, Glomospirella, Diplotremina, and Meadrospira. Upper Cretaceous Sawai Fm all planktonics: Globotruncana, Hedbergella, Heterohelix, Globotruncanella, Rugoglobigerina and Rotalipora sp. Lisabata Fm has Paleogene (Oligocene?; HvG) planktonics such as Catapsydrax dissimilis, C. unicava, Globigerina eocenica, G. tripartita, G. venezuelana, G. selli, etc.) Douville, H. (1923)- Sur quelques foraminiferes des Moluques orientales et de la Nouvelle Guinee. Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1921, 50, 2, p. 107-116. ('On some foraminifera from the eastern Moluccas and New Guinea'. Brief description of samples collected by Brouwer. Ceram breccious rock with angular clasts of Upper Cretaceous Globotruncana limestone, but also with Miocene Lepidocyclina aff. sumatrensis and angular quartz. No location info.) Dwijanto, B., T.A. Soeprapto & K. Budiono (1992)- Marine geology and geophysics of Ambon Bay. J. Sumber Daya Geol. Indonesia 2, 12, p. 1-16. Fischer, P.J. (1921)- Eine Pliocanfauna von Seran (Molukken). Centralbl. f. Min. Geol. Pal. 1921, 8, p. 242-251 and p. 278-286. ('A Pliocene fauna from Seram (Moluccas)) Fischer, P.J. (1927)- Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Pliozanfauna der Mollukkeninseln Seran und Obi. Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbat, Stuttgart, 15, 25, p. 1-179. (‘Contribution to the knowledge of the Pliocene fauna of the Moluccan islands of Seram and Obi’. Mainly on molluscs from Fufa outcrop and well near Bula, Seram. Also molluscs and foraminifera from Akalamo valley on Obi)


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Fortuin, A.R., M.E.M. de Smet, P.A. Sumasusatro, L.J. Van Marle & S.R. Troelstra (1988)- Late Cenozoic geohistory of NW Buru, Indonesia and plate tectonic implications. Geol. Mijnbouw 67, p. 91-105. (Buru stratigraphy: Paleozoic? metamorphics overlain by >2500m Triassic clastics with bituminous shale near top, unconformably overlain (break-up ?) by Late Jurassic (with basaltic volcanics) and Cretaceous- Eocene pelagic marls, limestones, cherts. Oligocene unconformity (folding, uplift) overlain by deep water Late Oligocene and Early Miocene. Andesitic lavas present in Early Miocene. Mid-Late Miocene unconformity. Gafoer, S., Suwitodirjo & Suharsono (1994)- Geological map of Bula and Watubela Islands Quadrangle, Seram, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 13p. (Oldest rocks in outcrop are presumably Permian age metamorphics, overlain by Triassic Kanikeh Fm flysch and Manusela Fm limestone, overlain by Cretaceous pelagic calcilutite/ shale. Salas mélange complex presumably formed in Mio-Pliocene, and is unconformably overlain by Pliocene Wahai Fm marls and Pleistocene Fufa Fm coarser clastics) Germeraad, J.H. (1946)- Geology of Central Seran. In: Geological, petrographical and palaeontological results of explorations carried out from September 1917 till June 1919 in the Island of Ceram by L. Rutten and W. Hotz, 3rd Ser., Geology, 2, Amsterdam, 135 p. (The geology of Central Seram, compiled from notes and study of rocks collected by Rutten & Hotz 1918-1920. Metamorphic rocks overlain by Late Triassic greywacke/ flysch, Late Triassic platform carbonates, etc.) Gerth, H. (1909)- Echte und falsche Hydrozoen aus Niederlandisch-Indien. Sitzungsber. Niederrhein. Ges. f. Natur u. Heilkunde, Bonn, 1909, A, p. 17-25. ('Real and fake hydrozoans from Netherlands Indies'. Includes first record from Indonesia of presumably pelagic Late Triassic hydrozoan Heterastridium from Seram, collected by Verbeek from Teri Mountain, East Seram (locally common on Timor, Gerth (1915); HvG)) Gerth, H. (1910)- Fossile Korallen von der Molukkeninsel Buru nebst Bemerkungen uber die polygenetischen Beziehungen der Gattung Alveopora. Neues Jahrbuch Min., Geol. Palaeont. 1910, p. 16-28. ('Fossil corals from the Moluccas island of Buru, with remarks on the polygenetic relations with the genus Alveopora'. Description of Late Triassic corals from Buru) Godefroy, W. (1897)- Verslag van een onderzoek naar petroleum nabij de Boela-Baai op noordoostelijk Ceram. Kolff & Co, Batavia, p. ('Report of an investigation into petroleum near the Bula bay on NE Seram'. With map of oil and gas localities) Grosch, P. (1910)- Zur Geologie des indo-australischen Archipels, VI. Uber eine riffbildenden Koralle aus Nord-Ost Serang (Ceram). Centralbl. Min. Geol. Palaont. 1910, p. 391-395. ('On a reef-building coral from NE Seram'. Coral collected in float of Fufa River, 11 km from mouth, described as Prionastraea cf. verbeeki (=Favites?, species originally described by Dollfus (1908) from Verbeek collection from Plio-Pleistocene? of Daweloor Island, Babar islands; HvG)) Guntoro, A. (2000)- Structural, sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Buru Island, central Molucca, Indonesia; in relation to the hydrocarbon prospect. AAPG Int. Conf., Exhib., Bali 2000, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1432 (Abstract only) (Buru Island part of non-volcanic outer Banda Arc and is microcontinent derived from Australian continent. Mesozoic sediments similar to Seram. Low gravity anomaly in center of island. Gravity models show deep crustal structure and provide a better understanding of basin evolution) Hadiwisastra, S., S. Djoehanah, D. Mulyadi & D. Trisukmono (1996)- Sedimentasi batuan Pra-Tersier dan Tersier di daerah busur tektonik aktif, Seram Utara. Proc. Seminar Nasional Geoteknologi 3, p. 347-373. ('Sedimentology of Pretertiary and Tertiary rocks in the area of an active tectonic arc, North Seram')


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Haile, N.S. (1978)- Paleomagnetic evidence for the rotation of Seram, Indonesia. In: S. Uyeda et al. (eds.) Geodynamics of the Western Pacific, Proc. Int. Conf. Geodynamics of the Western Pacific- Indonesian Region J. Phys. Earth 26, Suppl. 6, p. 191-198. (Upper Triassic shale with Halobia from near S coast of C Seram indicates paleolatitude 12 +/- 7° S (= probably farher North than Australia NW Shelf and New Guinea at that time) and CCW rotation of 98° since Late Triassic. Late Miocene pillow basalt from Kelang Island, W Seram, indicates paleolatitude 5° S and 74° CCW rotation since Late Miocene) Hakim A.S. & B.H. Harahap (2003)- Review on the stratigraphy of Buru Island, Maluku Eastern Indonesia. Bul. Geologi (ITB) 34, 3, p. 141-156. Harahap, B.H. (2002)- Stratigraphy of the Duna River Buru Island, Maluku: hydrocarbon indications. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 22, p. 1-18. (Duna River section near NW coast of Buru shows ~1500m Triassic- Pleistocene sediments overlying Permian metamorphics. Rel. thick M-U Triassic unconformably overlain by thin Jurassic Mefa Fm lavas, interbedded with belemnite-rich clastics, overlain by Late Cretaceous- Eocene Kuma Fm pelagic limestone, unconformably overlain by Plio-Pleistocene coarse clastics. Oil seeps from Triassic Geghan Fm calcilutite and shale) Harahap, B.H. & S. Poedjoprajitno (2006)- The stratigraphy and lithology of the Kuma River area, Buru Island, Maluku. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC), 16, 2, p. 62-74. (Stratigraphy of Kuma River area, from old to young: (1) Triassic Dalan Fm well-bedded clay-sand turbidites; (2) Jurassic Duna Fm interbedded pelagic limestone and ammonites-belemnites-rich beds; (3) Upper Cretaceous- Eocene Kuma Fm well-bedded pelagic limestone with abundant planktonic forams, (4) OligoceneMiocene Waeken Fm micaceous mudstone, (5) Wakatin Fm massive reefal limestone; (6) Pleistocene Leko Fm conglomerate. Structuring related to block faulting) Helmers, H., J. Sopaheluwakan, S. Tjokrosapoetro & E. Surya Nila (1989)- High-grade metamorphism related to peridotite emplacement near Atapupu, Timor with reference to the Kaibobo peridotite on Seram, Indonesia. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2/3, p. 357-371. (On metamorphism associated with ophiolites obduction on Seram and the North coast of Timor.) Henny, G. (1922)- Eerste verslagen der Boeroe Expeditie. Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandsche Kolonien, Bull. 78, p. (‘First reports of the Buru Expedition’) Henny, G. & L.J. Toxopeus (1922)- Eerste verslagen der Boeroe-expeditie. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 39, p. 42-64. (‘First reports of the Buru Expedition’. Extract of Henny (1922) on travel, geological and biological observations during 1921 SW Buru Expedition. Not much detail on stratigraphy/ fossils. Interesting find of white Nummulites-Discocyclina limestone N of Wai Ekin, not reported on later GRDC geologic maps) Hill, K.C. (2005)- Tectonics and regional structure of Seram and the Banda Arc. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 559-578. (Tectonic reconstruction assuming Permian age of Banda Sea oceanic crust. Suggests Seram Triassic Kanikeh Fm flysch was sourced from E (New Guinea) (Conflicts with pre-WWII Rutten field observations suggesting Triassic more sandy and coarser to W, and derived from metamorphic/ volcanic arc terrane; HvG)) Hill, K.C. (2012)- Tectonic and regional structure of Seram and the Banda Arc. Berita Sedimentologi 23, p. 516. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/ ) (Same paper as above) Honthaas, C., R.C. Maury, B. Priadi, H. Bellon & J. Cotten (1999)- The Plio-Quaternary Ambon arc, Eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 301, 3-4, p. 261-281.


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(N Banda Arc at Ambon-S Seram, Kelang, Haruju, Saparua, Ambelau and Banda Api with low-K arc volcanics, but on Ambon also high-K cordierite dacites-granites, probably derived low-K magmas with massive assimilation of overlying Seram-Ambon continental crust. Two magmatic pulses: 5- 3.2 Ma and 2.3- 1 Ma. Active subduction of New Guinea crust below Ambon-Seram supported by volcanism, earthquakes, etc., but N Banda slab not connected to S Banda Arc Wetar-Manuk segment) Hummel, K. (1923)- Geologische Ergebnisse der Reisen K. Deninger's in den Molukken. II. Die Oxford-Tuffite der Insel Buru und ihre Fauna. Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, 4, p. 113-184. (‘Geological results of K. Deniger's travels in the Moluccas, 2: The Oxfordian tuffites of Buru islands and its fauna'. Descriptions of Late Jurassic fossils from 9 localities at SW coast and NW Buru, collected by Boehm and Deninger in 1907, 1912. These are from reddish 'Mefa Beds tuffites', 200-300m thick?, most fossiliferous near top. Almost everywhere overlain by thick, latest Jurassic- Cretaceous deep water Buru Limestone, and probably directly overlying Upper Triassic Lovcenipora limestone or bituminous shale. Fossils mainly ammonites (Phylloceras spp., Harpoceras, Oppelia, Perisphinctes), rare belemnites (to be described by Stolley), thick-walled bivalves (Opis, Pecten, Alectyonia; no Inoceramus), ribbed brachiopods (Rhynchonella spp.), etc.. Age believed to be Early Oxfordian. Facies rel. shallow marine compared to generally bathyal facies of age-equivalent rocks in Moluccas (Sula, Seram). Faunal affinities with Mediterranean- Caucasian Realm) Jaworski, E. (1927)- Obertriadische Brachiopoden von Ambon (Molukken). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 55 (1926), Verhand. III, p. 201-229. ('Upper Triassic brachiopods from Ambon (Moluccas)'. Brachiopods from dark limestones intercalated in several 100m thick sandy shales package including Rhynchonella, Spiriferina spp., Spirigera, etc.) Kemp, G. (1992)- The Manusela Formation- an example of a Jurassic carbonate unit of the Australian Plate from Seram, Eastern Indonesia. In: C.T. Siemers et al. (eds.) Carbonate rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia: a core workshop, IPA Core Workshop Notes 1, p. 11/1 –11/31. (Manusela Fm high energy skeletal and oolitic grainstones deposited on NW margin of Australian Plate in Pliensbachian-Bathonian (E-M Jurassic), before onset of Callovian breakup and sea-floor spreading. Subsequent N-ward movement of Australian plate and collision with Eurasian/ Pacific-Philippine Plates in Late Miocene, resulted in development of detached thrust belt and formation of Seram island. Matrix and fracture porosity present in Manusela. East Nief-1 with uncommercial, hydrocarbons) Kemp, G., R. Barraclough, W. Mogg, E. Budhiman & N. Heriyanto (1996)- Seram Basin. In: Pertamina/BKKA (eds.) Petroleum geology of Indonesian Basins VIII, p. 1-33. (Review of Seram geology and hydrocarbons) Kemp, G. & W. Mogg (1992)- A re-appraisal of the geology, tectonics, and prospectivity of Seram Island, eastern Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 499-520. (Distinguish ‘Australian’ (Triassic- U Miocene) and ‘Seram’ Series (U Miocene-Recent). ‘Australian’ series E Triassic and older pre-rift), E Triassic- M Jurassic intracratonic syn-rift, latest M Jurassic- E Cretaceous continental breakup and E Cretaceous- Late Miocene post-breakup/ passive margin sequence. Late MiocenePresent Seram Series strongly influenced by interaction of Australian, Pacific-Philippine and Eurasian plates, which led to periods of thrusting, uplift and erosion and are reflected in structural style) Kemp, G., W. Mogg & R. Barraclough (1995)- Exploration in the Mesozoic in the Seram PSC, eastern Indonesia: recent developments in geological knowledge. Symposium & Workshop on the Mesozoic of Eastern Indonesia, Jakarta 1995, Pertamina, 26 p. (Unpublished). Kendrick, D. & N. Nilandaroe (2004)- Fracture characterization from outcrop data, Manusela Formation, Seram Island, Indonesia. 7p. (Online at www.3d-geo.com/publications) (Well-developed fracturing in “Jurassic” Manusela Fm in Nief Gorge outcrop is possible analog to fracture porosity in Oseil oilfield, ~10km to NW) Koch, R. (1923)- Eine jungtertiaren Foraminiferenfauna aus Ost-Seran. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 19, p. 207-213.


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('A Young Tertiary foraminifera fauna from East Seram') Kossmat, F. (1906)- Bemerkungen uber die Ammoniten aus den Asphaltschiefern der Bara-Bai (Buru). Neues Jahrb. Miner. Geol. Palaont., Beil. Bd. 22, p. 686-691. (‘Remarks on the ammonites from the asphalt shales of Bara Bay, Buru’. Float collected by Boehm in Wai Sifu River at Bara Bay, NW coast of Buru, contains Jurassic 'Buru Limestone' with inoceramids and belemnites. Also common flat pieces of dark bituminous shales with numerous ammonites, incl. generally crushed Tissotia weteringi. This ammonite was interpreted by Kossmat to signify Upper Cretaceous age, but was subsequently re-identified as Neotibetites of Late Triassic (Norian) age by Krumbeck 1909, 1913) Krumbeck, L. (1909)- Kurze vorlaufige Mitteilung uber eine neue obertriadische Fauna aus den Molukken. Centralblatt. Miner. Geol. Palaont., 1090, p. 561-562. ('Brief preliminary communication on a new Upper Triassic fauna from the Moluccas'. Ammonites from Buru interpreted as Cretaceous by Kossmat (1909) are Upper Triassic in age) Krumbeck, L. (1913)- Obere Trias von Buru und Misol (Die Fogi-Schichten und Asphaltschiefer West-Burus und der Athyridenkalk des Misol-Archipels). Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, 2, Beitr. Geologie NiederländischIndien II, 1, p. 1-161. (Upper Triassic macrofaunas collected by Boehm and Wanner from Fogi Beds and associated asphalt beds of W Buru and the Athyrid limestone of Misool) Krumbeck, L. (1922)- Geologische Ergebnisse der Reisen K. Deninger's in den Molukken. III. Brachiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten und Gastropoden aus der oberen Trias der Insel Seram (Mittel-Seram). Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien III, 5, p.185-246. ('Geological results of Deniger’s 1912 trip in the Moluccas, III. Brachiopods, bivalves and gastropods from the Upper Triassic of Seram island (Central Seram)'. On Carnian Halobia shales near Manusela, Norian Kanikeh Beds and the Monotis bed at Wai Ehana (typical Monotis limestone rich in Monotis salinaria). Also Misolia Limestone) Krumbeck, L. (1923)- Zur Kenntnis des Juras der Insel Timor, sowie des Aucellen-Horizontes von Seran und Buru. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 12, 20, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-120. ('On the knowledge of the Jurassic of Timor, as well as the Aucella horizon of Seram and Buru') Kuenen, P.H. (1949)- Ambon and Haroekoe. Contributions to the geology of the East Indies from the Snellius Expedition III. Verhand. Ned. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 15, p. 44-62. (Brief description of parts of Ambon and Haruku Islands. Presence of folded Triassic sediments on crystalline schists, peridotites, granites and ‘ambonites’ volcanics) Lapulisa, A.K., R. Andrianto & A.S. Dradjat (2012)- Seismic to geological modeling workflow, an integrated approach to determine the reservoir quality of a fractured limestone: Oseil Field example. Berita Sediment. 23, p. 47-52. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/) Linthout, K. & H. Helmers (1994)- Pliocene obducted, rotated and migrated ultramafic rocks and obductioninduced anatectic granite, SW Seram and Ambon, Eastern Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, p. 95-109. (SW Seram and Ambon ultramafics obduction minimum age ~4.4 Ma. Obducted oceanic lithosphere was created at ~14.5 Ma. Obduction probably simultaneous with strong anticlockwise rotation of Seram) Linthout, K., H. Helmers & P.A.M. Andriessen (1991)- Dextral strike-slip in Central Seram and 3-4.5 Ma Rb/Sr ages in pre-Triassic metamorphics related to Early Pliocene counterclockwise rotation of the Buru-Seram microplate (E. Indonesia). J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 335-342. (Major WNW trending right-lateral strike slip fault in SW Seram. Pre-Triassic metamorphics show Pliocene radiometric ages, possibly resetting from ophiolite obduction. Structural analyses suggest 45° counter clockwise rotation and radiometric age resetting between 4.5- 3 Ma, and final ~30° rotation in last 3 Ma)


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Linthout, K., H. Helmers, J. Sopaheluwakan & E. Surya Nila (1989)- Metamorphic complexes in Buru and Seram, northern Banda Arc. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2/3, p. 345-356. (SE Buru Wahlua and C Seram Tehoru metamorphic complexes similar pre-Triassic metamorphic history, and probably originated in same belt. Mylonites in N Tehoru indicate right-lateral, N300E directed strike-slip along transcurrent fault between metamorphics in S and non-metamorphic block in N, caused by anticlockwise rotation of Seram since Late Triassic. Kaibobo metamorphics T up to 740°C, caused by overriding ultramafic sheet in Late Miocene- E Pliocene. K/Ar ages of 4-5 Ma of micas from Wahlua and Tehoru complex explained by re-heating of pre-Triassic mica due to overthrusting by hot mantle slabs, now largely eroded. Average uplift of ~0.1 cm/yr during last 4-5 Ma in SE Buru and C Seram. Thrusting of metamorphics over non-metamorphics in 'median' Seram and of ultramafic sheet in SW Seram also related to Seram anticlockwise rotation) Linthout, K., H. Helmers, J.R. Wijbrans & J.D.A.M. van Wees (1996)- 40Ar/39Ar constraints on obduction of the Seram ultramafic complex: consequences for the evolution of the southern Banda Sea. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of SE Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 106, p. 455–464. (On Kaibobo (SW Seram) obduction of hot oceanic lithosphere produced high-grade metamorphism and granite in overthrust continental crust. Ages from sole 5.65- 6.0 Ma and 5.4 Ma. Post-emplacement exhumation began < 8 Ma ago. Undoing 8 Ma of migration back-tracks Kaibobo to site where obduction ended: near SE corner of Banda Sea plate. Similarities between Kaibobo and N Timor ophiolites suggests E Miocene slow spreading in oceanic lithosphere S Banda Sea, S of current volcanic arc) Martin, K. (1888)- Ein Ichthyosaurus von Ceram. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden 1, 2, p. 70-86. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 17 (1888), Wetensch. Ged., p. 3-18) (Skull fragment of large Mesozoic Ichthyosaurus (I. ceramensis n. sp.) from Seram South coast) Martin, K. (1901)- Over de geologie van West-Seran (Ceram). Handeling 8e Nederl. Natuur Geneesk. Congres, Rotterdam 1901, p. 301- 303. (Old, very brief summary of geology of W Seram. Widespread 'Archean' metamorphics, locally associated with peridotites, Paleozoic greywackes and limestones, steeply dipping Mesozoic chert-bearing globigerinidradiolarian limestone, overlain by brightly colored Globigerina limestone. No maps or figures) Martin, K. (1902)- Reise Ergebnisse aus den Molukken. 3. Ein Profil durch Buru. Centralblatt Miner. Geol. Pal., 1902, 15, p. 460-464. ('Travel results from the Moluccas, 3, a profile through Buru'. Brief, early description of Buru stratigraphy across N-S traverse. No figures, fossils) Martin, K. (1903)- Reisen in den Molukken, in Ambon, den Uliassern, Seran (Ceram) und Buru. Geologischer Teil. Brill, Leiden, 296 p. (‘Travels in the Moluccas, in Ambon, the Uliassers, Seram and Buru- Geologic part’. Early reconnaissance of Moluccas islands. First N-S traverse through Buru Island, etc.) Martini, R. L. Zaninetti, B. Lathuilliere, S. Cirilli, J.J. Cornee & M. Villeneuve (2004)- Upper Triassic carbonate deposits of Seram (Indonesia): palaeogeographic and geodynamic implications. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 206, 1-2, p. 75-102. (Seram Upper Triassic limestones Gondwanian-Australian type in ‘Parautochthonous’ and Laurussian-Asian type in ‘Allochthonous’. Carnian-Norian to Rhaetian Asinepe Lst (=Manusela Fm) part of allochthonous series. Four reefal facies: (1) boundstone forming buildup cores with calcisponges and calcareous algae, <20% coral; (2) oncolitic grainstones; (3) foraminiferal packstone-grainstones; (4) foraminiferal-megalodont mudstones. Geochemical and geodynamic interpretations placed Seram-Buru Block as derived from New Guinea. Palynology suggests Seram-Buru Block more tropical than Sulawesi/ Kolonodale Block, but cooler than Timor/ NW Shelf. Foraminifera suggest Seram, E Sulawesi, Wombat Plateau and Sinta Ridge all part of same N Australian margin marine bioprovince) Milsom J. (1979)- Preliminary gravity map of Seram, eastern Indonesia. Geology 5, p. 641-643.


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(Steep gravity gradients in survey area, related to transition from continental to oceanic crust and existence of root zone of ultramafic thrust sheet S of islands. Positive anomaly over rel. small area of ultramafic outcrop near Kaibobo,mainland Seram) Milsom J.S. (1979)- Origin of the Uliasser Islands, Eastern Indonesia. J. Geol. Soc. 136, 5, p. 581-582. Monnier C., J. Girardeau, J.P. Rehault et al. (2002)- The Seram ophiolites complexe (Central Indonesia): geochemical evidences for Early Miocene arc-splitting, 19e RST Nantes, p.181-182. (Abstract) Monnier C., J. Girardeau, J.P. Rehault, H. Permana & H. Bellon (2003)- Dynamics and age of formation of the Seram-Ambon ophiolites (Central Indonesia). Bull. Soc. Geol. France 174, 6, p. 529-543. (Seram-Ambon peridotites-gabbros mostly back arc basin characteristics, with 20-15 Ma K/Ar ages. Formed in small Early Miocene transtensional basin, bordered in E by active margin and in W by passive continental margin over which it was later obducted towards SW, in Late Miocene, 9- 7 Ma) Moss, S.J., J. Milsom & M.E.J. Wilson (1996)- The geology of Buru Island, Eastern Indonesia. London University, Southeast Asia Research Group, Report 150, 22p. (Late Paleozoic metamorphics overlain by >1000m Triassic sediments. Two facies: sandy slope turbidites and carbonate/ bituminous shale with reefal facies. Triassic unconformably overlain by ~1000m deep water Late Jurassic- Paleogene calcilutes/ marls, with ~100m of Late Jurassic submarine basaltic volcanics. Late Oligocene marls overlain by thick, folded Early Miocene marine sediments with earliest Miocene arc volcanics. Pliocene NE prograding fan-delta sediments above major unconformity. Quaternary reefs and terraces up to 750m above sea level. No complex thrusting like Seram. Buru-Seram microcontinent originally part of ‘Greater Sula Spur’, separated from N Australia margin (Bonaparte Gulf?) by mid-Jurassic) Moyle, I. P., S. Dyer, D.G.S. Lamb & W.G. Mogg (2000)- Experiences in underbalanced drilling and testing low gravity oil from a high productivity reservoir in Seram Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-36. (Oseil 2 and 4 wells drilling. Oseil 2 720’ of oil column in Manusela Fm fractured carbonate, testing up to 650 BOD of 22°API oil. Oseil 4 410’ of oil pay, testing 2200 BOD of 16.1° API oil) Munasri, H. Permana & S. Siregar (1999)- Pulau Seram adalah cerminan Pulau Timor? Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 51-61. ('Is Seram Island the mirror image of Timor island ?') Munasri, S. Siregar & D. Mulyadi (1999)- Studi geodinamika sedimentasi satuan batuan sedimen di Pulau Seram dan korelasinya dengan yang di Pulau Timor. Laporan Penelitian Puslitbang Geoteknologi-Lipi, 1998/1999, p. 45-60. ('Study of geodynamics of sedimentation of sedimentary rock units of Seram Island and correlation with Timor'. Micropaleontological, petrographic and sedimentological analysis of Triassic- Tertiary series suggest Timor is mirror image of Seram) Nilandaroe, N., W. Mogg & R. Barraclough (2001)- Characteristics of the fractured carbonate reservoir of the Oseil Field, Seram Island, Indonesia. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 439-456. (Oseil oil field reservoir is fractured E-M Jurassic Manusela carbonate. Fracture porosity ~5-8%; negligible matrix porosity due to complex diagenesis.) Oemar, S. & C.H. Remington (1993)- A new view on the petroleum geology of the Buru Island, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geologists (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 693-703. (Brief summary of Pertamina fieldwork on Buru. Main sedimentary basin in S part of island, but gravity study suggests W and N parts of island may also have enough sediments for hydrocarbon accumulation) O’Sullivan, T.D., D. Pegum, & J. Tarigan (1985)- Seram oil search, past discoveries and future oil potential. Proc.14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 3-20.


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Pairault, A.A., R. Hall & C.F. Elders (2003)- Tectonic evolution of the Seram Trough, Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA03-G-013, 16p. Pairault, A.A., R. Hall & C.F. Elders (2003)- Structural styles and tectonic evolution of the Seram Trough, Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 20, 10, p. 1141-1160. Pertamina/BKKA (1996)- Petroleum geology of Indonesian basins, vols. VI-IX Eastern Indonesian Basins, VIII- Seram, p. 1-33. Pia, J. (1924)- Einige Dasycladaceen aus der Ober-Trias der Molukken. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 52 (1923), Verhand., p. 137-149. (First record from Indonesia of Upper Triassic (probably Norian) dasyclad algae from (1) NE Seram: Bula river, limestone breccia interbed in Monotis-bearing flysch-like Upper Triassic series, (2) SW Buru: S of Tifu, massive Upper Triassic limestone with Lovcenipora and (3) NW Buru: Wai Tina “Fatu limestone”, possibly Jurassic. Few species, all new.) PND- Patra Nusa Data (2006)- Northern offshore Seram. Inameta J. 2, p. 26-29. (online at: www.patranusa.com) (Brief overview of Seram geology and prospectivity) Price, P.L., T. O’Sullivan & R. Alexander (1987)- The nature and occurrence of oil in Seram, Indonesia. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 141-172. (First Seram oilfield Bula in 1897; oil produced from Pleistocene clastics and Late Triassic-Early Jurassic carbonates. Oil sourced from carbonate, probably Late Triassic, but no source rock identified) Priem, H.N.A., P.A.M. Andriessen, N.A.I.M. Boelrijk et al. (1978)- Isotopic evidence for a Middle to Late Pliocene age of the cordierite granite on Ambon, Indonesia. Geologie Mijnbouw 57, p. 441-443. (Radiometric age of 3.8 Ma for granite, genetically related to Pliocene ‘ambonite’ volcanism) Rittmann, A. (1931)- Gesteine von Kellang und Manipa. Geol., Petrogr. and Palaeont. results of explorations carried out from September 1917 till June 1919 in the Island of Ceram by L. Rutten and W. Hotz, First Ser., Petrography, 2, De Bussy, Amsterdam, 135 p. (Petrographic descriptions of rocks from Manipa and Kellang Islands between Buru and Seram. Primarily igneous (peridotites/ serpentinites, gabbros, basalts) and metamorphic rocks (primarily contact metamorphism from ultramafics and gabbro intrusions). Sediments ony in central syncline of Kellang: Triassic sandstones rich in feldspars, muscovite and plant remains, shales and grey-red limestone lenses with corals and brachiopods, all similar to those found in W Seram) Roques, D. (1999)- The metamorphic core of Buru. Univ. London SE Asia Research Group, Report 204, 49p. (Buru phyllites/ schist/quartzites usually interpreted as Late Carboniferous-E Permian metamorphosed flysch. Amphibolite facies corresponds to burial depth of 20-25 km. Metamorphics overlain by unmetamorphosed Triassic. Young cooling ages reflect uplift/ exhumation between 5- 2.5 Ma, removing > 6 km of sediment) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- Ceram, Ambon, Boeroe en de kleinere eilanden in hunne omgeving. In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 716- 749. (Review of geology of Seram, Ambon, Buru and adjacent small islands) Rutten, L.M.R. (1918)- Uit het eerste verslag over de geologische expeditie naar Ceram. Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 35, p. 112-121. (First of series of ten reports by Rutten-Hotz on the geological expedition to Seram from August 1917- June 1919, sponsored by 'Maatschappij tot Bevordering van Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandse Kolonien' and the Netherlands Geographic Society. Mainly summaries of travel, but with geological observations. Unfortunately, no other documentation from this extensive fieldwork was published, except in the Rutten (1927) chapter on Seram and in in late 1940’s Ph.D. theses by Germeraad, Valk and Van der Sluis)


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Rutten, L.M.R. (1918)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- tweede verslag (13 Aug.- 11 Sept. 1917). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 35, p. 228-234. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 2') Rutten, L.M.R. (1918)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- derde verslag (12 Sept.-11 Nov. 1917). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 35, p. 368-378. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 3') Rutten, L.M.R. (1918)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- vierde verslag (12 Nov. 1917- 4 Jan. 1918). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 35, p. 547-555. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 4') Rutten, L.M.R. (1919)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- vijfde verslag (4 Jan.- einde Maart 1918). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 36, p. 36-42. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 5') Rutten, L.M.R. (1919)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- zesde verslag (April- Mei 1918). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 36, p. 42-48. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 6'. Traverses in East Ceram. Visit to Nief Gorge, the only place where Rutten observed oil seeps on Seram) Rutten, L.M.R. (1919)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- zevende verslag (Juni- Juli 1918). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 36, p. 199-207. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 7') Rutten, L.M.R. (1919)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- achtste verslag. Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 36, p. 460-466. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 8') Rutten, L.M.R. & W. Hotz (1919)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- negende verslag (medio Septembermedio December 1918). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 36, p. 559- 579. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 9') Rutten, L.M.R. & W. Hotz (1920)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- tiende verslag (medio Septembermedio December 1918). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 37, p. 17-31. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 10') Rutten, L.M.R. (1920)- De geologische expeditie naar Ceram- elfde (laatste) verslag. Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Ser. 2, 37, p. 32-42. ('The geological expedition to Seram- Report 11 (final)') Sachse, F.J.P. (1906)- Toelichtingen bij de schetskaart van de afdeelingen Wahai en West-Seran op het eiland Seran. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. (2) 23, p. 439-450. ('Explanatory notes with sketch-map of the districts of Wahai and West Seram on Seram island'. Early geographic description) Sapiie, B., M. Hadiana, M. Patria, A.C. Adyagharini, A. Saputra, P. Teas &Widodo (2012)- 3D structural geology analysis using integrated analogue sandbox modeling: a case study of the Seram thrust-fold belt. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-045, p. 1-14. (Offshore+onshore Seram fold-thrust belt broad deformation zone >400 km long, ~100 km wide. Peak deformation in last 3 My.Fault pattern changes along strike (trends in W mainly E-W, middle NW-SE, and E (SE) mainly N-S), accompanied by change in dip of faults from NE to SW. Large amounts of shortening. Leftlateral strike-slip component in deformation, suggesting oblique convergent system)


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Schroeder van der Kolk, J.L.C. (1895)- Mikroskopische Studien uber Gesteine aus den Molukken. 1. Gesteine von Ambon und den Uliassern. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 24 (1895), p. 1-57. ('Microscopic studies of rocks from the Moluccas, I. Rocks from Ambon and the Uliasser islands') Schroeder van der Kolk, J.L.C. (1900)- Mikroskopische Studien uber Gesteine aus den Molukken, 2. Gesteine von Seran. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 6, p. 1-39. ('Microscopic studies of rocks from the Moluccas, 3. Rocks from Seram') Schroeder van der Kolk, J.L.C. (1902)- Mikroskopische Studien uber Gesteine aus den Molukken, 3. Gesteine von Buru. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, 6, p. 77-127. ('Microscopic studies of rocks from the Moluccas, 3. Rocks from Buru') Setyanta, B. & I. Setriadi (2007)- Anomali gaya berat dab tataan tektonik sekitar perairan Laut Banda dan Pulau Seram. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. 17, 6, p. 408-419. (Gravity anomalies of Banda Sea and Seram Island used to build crust structure model. Banda Sea mainly composed of basaltic crust. Banda Sea basaltic crust under volcanic Banda Island, while granitic crust is under Pre-Tertiary sediments at Seram) Setyawan, W.B., B. Wijaya & A. Guntoro (2000)- Mengurai perkembangan tektonik Pulau Seram dan Ambon. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 4, p. 33-45. (Analysis of the tectonic development of Seram and Ambon islands') Sopaheluwakan, J. (1994)- Basement evolution of the Buru- Seram microplate and its bearing on hydrocarbon occurrences. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 30th Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bali 1993, 2, p. 17-32. (Two types of metamorphic rocks comprise Buru- Seram crystalline basement: (1) Paleozoic low-grade schist of continental character on Buru and S Seram; (2) W Seram low (greenschist) to high grade (granulite) metamorphic sole at base of dismembered ophiolite= Neogene remetamorphism of (1) during obduction of hot Weber Deep materials) Sopaheluwakan, J., K. Linthout, H. Helmers & H. Permana (1992)- Peridotite- metamorphite relation in West Seram: constraints to vertical movements of the North Banda Arc. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. 599-609. Supandjono, R.J.B. (1994)- Geologi daerah Lofin, Seram Tengah. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 112-122. ('Geology of the Lofin area, C Seram'. Most of area ~1500m M-L Triassic Kanikeh Fm sands, shale and coaly beds. Overlain by ~500m Late Triassic- E Jurassic Manusela Lst (with Halobia, Montivaltia, Lovcenipora= Triassic? HvG), bedded, nodular calcilutites with bituminous lenses. In S unconformably overlain by ~300m latest Oligocene-E Miocene Lisabata Lst (with Spiroclypeus, Miogypsina). In N ~250m of Latest MiocenePliocene marine Wahai Fm clastics directly on folded Triassic Kanikeh clastics. Two major N-directed thrust faults) Susilo, A., I. Budiman, I. Setiadi & T. Padmawijaya (2006)- High gravity anomaly around the Kelang Island, Maluku. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-PNS-07, 4p. (Abstract) (High gravity anomaly around Kelang Island, W of Seram, is an expression of N end of Banda Sea basaltic ultra-basic crust and it continues to a peak to S and SW (S of Buru). Sykora, J.J. (2000)- The buried fold-thrust belt of Offshore Seram. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000 (Abstract only) Tjokrosapoetro, S. (1977)- The regional structure of Seram island as interpreted from satellite imagery. Bull. Proc. 13th Sess. CCOP, Kuala Lumpur, p. 366-377.


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Tjokrosapoetro, S., A. Achdan & H.Z. Abidin (1988)- Geological map of the Masohi quadrangle, Ambon, scale 1:250,000 (accompanying notes in Indonesian). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Tjokrosapoetro, S. & T. Budhitrisna (1982)- Geology and tectonics of Northern Banda Arc. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 6, p. 1-17. (Comparison of Buru, Seram and Misool, mainly based on stratigraphy. Buru geology similar to Misool in Late Paleozoic- Miocene. Seram more complicated with overthrusts, mantle rocks, etc., and similarity with Timor. In M Miocene- Present Buru displaced SW along Buru Fracrure between buru and Seram. Pliocene S-dipping subduction below Seram terminates in W by Buru Fracture) Tjokrosapoetro, S., T. Budhitrisna & E. Rusmana (1993)- Geology of the Buru Quadrangle, Maluku, scale 1:250,000 . Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 24 p. + map (Buru much less structured than Seram. Widespread outcrops of probable Late Carboniferous- Permian metamorphics. Unconformably overlain by Triassic turbiditic clastics of Dalan Fm (with clasts of quartz and metamorphics), probably overlain by up to 2000m of Ghegan Fm (limestones and bituminous marls with Triassic Halobia, etc.= Fogi beds of Wanner 1922). Unconformably overlain by Late Jurassic- Paleo-Eocene Kuma Fm deep water calcilutites. Near contact Ghegan-Kuma rel. small outcrops of ~100m Mefa Fm basalts and marly tuffs with (Late?) Jurassic ammonites. Folded Oligo-Miocene sediments unconformably overlain by Pliocene marine sediments. Pliocene andesites (dated as 4.5 Ma) similar to Ambon) Tjokosapoetro, S., E. Rusmana & Suharsono (1994)- Geology of the Ambon Sheet, Maluku, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 15 p. + map. Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1924)- Report on Pleistocene and Pliocene corals from Ceram. In: L. Rutten & W. Hotz (eds.) Geological, petrographical and palaeontological results of explorations, carried out from September 1917 till June 1919 in the island of Ceram, 2nd ser., Palaeontology, p. 1-22. (Corals collected by Rutten from 13 localities in C and E Seram, probably all Late Pliocene or younger age) US Geological Survey (1997)- The Hila Prospect: a recently discovered copper occurrence on Ambon Island, Republic of Indonesia. SuDoc I 19.76, p. 97-86. Usna, L. (1977)- Note on a seismic reflection profile across the Seram Trough. Newsl. Indonesian Geol. Survey 9, 16, p. 193-194. Valk, W. (1945)- Contributions to the geology of West Seran. Doct. Thesis Univ. Utrecht. In: Geological, petrographical and palaeontological results of explorations carried out from September 1917 till June 1919 in the Island of Ceram by L. Rutten and W. Hotz, De Bussy, Amsterdam, 3rd ser., Geology, 1, p. 1-109. (Geology of W Seram, compiled from notes and study of rocks collected during Rutten & Hotz (1918-1920) Seram fieldwork. Pre-Upper Triassic metamorphics (folded schist, phyllite, gneiss, amphibolite) more common than in E Seram. Upper Triassic more sandy than in C and E Seram: greywacke sandstones composed mainly composed of detritus of schists, phyllites and andesites and are probably of Norian- Carnian age. Overlying shales Upper Norian. Also U Triassic coralline limestone, U Eocene conglomerates with Discocyclina, nonmetamorphic peridotites, etc.) Van der Sluis, J.P. (1950)- Geology of East Seran. Doct. Thesis Univ. Utrecht. In: Geological, petrographical and palaeontological results of explorations carried out from September 1917 till June 1919 in the Island of Ceram by L. Rutten and W. Hotz, De Bussy, Amsterdam, 3rd ser., Geology, 3, p. 1-71. (The geology of East Seram, compiled from notes and study of rocks collected during Rutten & Hotz (19181920) Seram fieldwork) Van Gogh, F.A.A. (1913)- Geologisch onderzoek in Noord Oost Ceram van 15 Juni tot 15 September, 1913. BPM Report 4575, p. ('Geological investigations in NE Seam, from 15 June to 15 September 1913'. Unpublished BPM report)


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Van Marle, L.J. (1989)- Recent and fossil benthic foraminifera and late Cenozoic palaeobathymetry of Seram, Eastern Indonesia. In: Proc. Snellius II Symposium, Jakarta 1987, Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 4, p. 445- 457. (Two M Pliocene- Pleistocene (N19-N22) outcrop sections in SW Seram, directly on Paleozoic metamorphics, suggest paleobathymetries between 400- 1100m (probably 600-900m) and >2 km of post E Pleistocene uplift) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1899)- Over de geologie van Ambon- I. Verhand. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, sect. 2, 6, 7, p. 3-26. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011831.pdf) ('On the geology of Ambon-1'. Ambon composed of two peninsulas, Hitoe and Leitimor. Complex geology, including granites, perodotites, metamorphic rocks, Triassic sandstone- limestone interbeds, younger volcanics and Pliocene or younger reefal limestone terraces up to 500m above sea level, etc.) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1900)- Over de geologie van Ambon- II. Verhand. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, sect. 2, 7, 5, p. 3-9. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011896.pdf) ('On the geology of Ambon-2'. Continuation of paper above. Age of Banda Sea Early Miocene or younger) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1905)- Geologische beschrijving van Ambon. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 34, Wet. Ged., p. 1-308. ('Geological description of Ambon'. On geology and rock types of Ambon. With four maps, cross sections) Von Huene, F. (1931)- Ichthyosaurier von Seran und Timor. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol., Palaont., Beilage Band 66, B, p. 211-214. ('Ichthyosaurus fossils from Seram and Timor'. Collected by BPM geologist Weber: vertebrae of Eurypterygius from E Jurassic? of Bula, E Seram, and material from Triassic? of Basleo, W Timor) Von John, C. (1906)- Ueber die chemische Beschaffenheit der Asphaltschiefer der Bara Bai (Buru). Neues Jahrbuch Min., Geol., Palaont., Beilage Band 22, p. 691-692. (‘On the chemical properties of Bara Bai asphalt shales of Buru’. Ammonite-rich Late Triassic bituminous shales from Bara Bai, NW Buru, have 23.1% organic matter) Von Rosenberg, H. (1860)- Aardolie van Ceram. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederlands Indie 21, p. 336, 412. ('Petroleum from Seram'. Short communication on bottle of oil collected from active seep at N coast of Seram, E of Wahai. First report on oil from Seram) Wandel, G. (1936)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Jurassischen Molluskenfauna von Misol, Ost Celebes, Buton, Seran und Jamdena. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Beitrage zur Palaeontologie des Ostindischen Archipels 13, Neues Jahrb. Miner. Geol. Palaeont., Beil. Bd. 75B, p. 447-526. (‘Contributions to the knowledge of the Jurassic molluscs from Misool, E Sulawesi, Buton, Seram and Yamdena’) Wanner, J. (1907)- Zur Geologie und Geographie von West-Buru. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Palaont., Beil. Bd. 24, 1907, p. 133-160. (Summary of 3-week reconnaissance geological survey in Fogi region of West Buru in 1904. Various types of Mesozoic deep marine rocks. Also limestone breccia with Eocene alveolinids and Discocyclina in matrix) Wanner, J. (1907)- Triaspetrefakten der Molukken und des Timorarchipels. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal., Beil. Bd. 24, p. 161-220. (’Triassic fossils from the Moluccas and Timor Archipelago’. Overview of Triassic of Misool, Seram, Timor, etc. First record of Triassic on E Seram: sandstones with locally common plant remains and marls/ limestones with 'Alpine-Mediterranean' bivalve Monotis salinara. First author to recognize large thrusts on Seram and the Alpine/ Tethyan affinities of the Late Triassic bivalves and Early Jurassic ammonites of Seram)


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Wanner, J. (1923)- Geologische Ergebnisse der Reisen K. Deninger's in den Molukken. I. Beitrage zur Geologie der Insel Buru. Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien III, 3, p. 59-112. (Summary of Buru field notes from Deninger 1912 Freiburg Moluccas expedition. NE half of Buru mainly schists and phyllite, overlain by Triassic flysch. Overlain by Fogi Beds bituminous limestones and marls, rich in mollusks and ammonites (Lower Norian), grey Misolia limestone and Norian massive limestones/ dolomites with Lovcenipora. E-M Jurassic appears to be missing. Oldest Jurassic rocks red-brown marine tuffites (Sasifu beds; upper Callovian or Lower Oxfordian), overlain by Oxfordian Mefa Beds green-brown tuffites rich in ammonites, with age-equivalent volcanics at W coast. Youngest Jurassic beds probably Oxfordian Kartina dense limestone with chert lenses. Cretaceous represented by pelagic limestones with red-brown chert. Rare Eocene limestone with Discocyclina, Nummulites, alveolinids, etc., and also reworked Cretaceous carbonate near Fogi near W coast. More widespread E-M Miocene clastics and limestone) Wanner, J. (1928)- Ueber einige Juvaviten von Ceram (Molukken). Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 10, Bandoeng, 6 p. (Description of Juvavites, ‘Tethyan’ ceratitid ammonites collected by Weber from Late Triassic flysch of Wai Sabora in SE Seram. Probably of Norian age) Wanner, J. (1949)- Lebensspuren aus der Obertrias von Seran (Molukken) und der Alpen. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 42, p. 183-195. (Deep-water Paleodictyon and Chondrites trace fossils from Upper Triassic (Norian) flysch of East Seram; Fursich et al. 2007) Wanner, J. & H.C.G. Knipscheer (1951)- Der Lias der Niefschlucht in Ost-Seran (Molukken). Eclog. Geol. Helvetiae 44, 1, p. 1-18. (In Nief Gorge very thin (60 cm) glauconitic limestone with Middle Liassic brachiopods, cephalopods and gastropods, overlying (Triassic?) massive oolitic limestone. Most species related to European Tethys faunas) Wanner, J., H.C.G. Knipscheer & E. Schenk (1952)- Zur Kenntnis der Trias der Insel Seran (Indonesien). Eclog. Geol. Helv. 45, 1, p. 53-84. (‘On the knowledge of the Triassic of Seram’. Good documentation of NE Seram Late Triassic (CarnianNorian) ‘flysch’, limestones and macrofossils. Carnian dominated by clays, marls, quartz sandstones with plant debris; Norian more platy limestones, marly limestones and calcareous sandstones. Upper Norian with lenses of massive Lovcenipora- Halorella limestone. Lovcenipora coral limestones erroneously interpreted by Van der Sluis 1950 and Van Bemmelen 1949 as Late Jurassic in age. Similar Upper Triassic limestones in C Seram, S Buru and Timor. Triassic macrofaunas dominated by Tethyan elements like Monotis salinaria, Halobia spp and Juvavites. Triassic overlain by Jurassic- Cretaceous deep water marls and limestones. Rare loose fossil material suggests limited presence of E-M Jurassic. Upper Jurassic represented by marly calcareous shales with Aucella malayomaorica and Belemnopsis gerardi) Weber, F. (1926)- Eindrapport omtrent het geologisch onderzoek en den vooruitzichten van Oost Ceram. BPM report 9611, p. (Unpublished BPM report on geological investigatons and prospectivity of East Seram) Welter, O.A. (1923)- Bemerkungen uber die von Deninger gesammelten Ammoniten und Nautilidenreste von Seran. Palaeontographica, Suppl. 4, III, 4, p. 245(‘Remarks on the ammonites and nautilids collected by Deninger from Seram’) Westerveld, J. (1955)- The Lucipara islands (S of Ceram) and a third arc in the Banda Sea. Geol. Mijnbouw 17, p. 84-88. Wilckens, O. (1937)- Korallen und Kalkschwamme aus dem obertriadischen Pharetronenkalk von Seran (Molukken). Beitrage zur Palaontologie des Ostindischen Archipels 14, Neues Jahrbuch Min., Geol., Palaeont., Beil. Band B77, p.171-211.


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('Corals and calcareous sponges from the Upper Triassic Pharetrone-limestone of Seram'. Concludes that Triassic corals and sponges of Seram and Timor have ‘alpine’ character. Flugel (2002, p.420) suggested the W Ceram Late Triassic corals and sponges were mostly endemic taxa (corals 61%, sponges 90%) or taxa known from Timor, but this conclusion was challenged by Martini et al. (2004) who found no endemic fauna, but only species of Tethyan affinity. Flugel suggests similarities with Timor Fatu Limestone) Zillman, N.J. & R.J. Paten (1975)- Geology and petroleum prospects of Seram island, eastern Indonesia. APEA J. 15, p. 73-80. (Two main Pliocene- E Pleistocene basins in N and NE Seram (Bula and Wahai) with up to 1400/ 2800m of sediment. Oil seeps common in Bula but not in Bahai basin. Bula field 1897 discovery in Pleistocene clastics; producing horizons ~80-280m below SL. Folded Pre-Tertiary rocks regarded as basement by BPM and AAR. Middle or Late Miocene folding preceded Early Pliocene renewed subsidence. Early Pleistocene uplift created rel. subtle regional unconformity. Zillman, N.J. & R.J. Paten (1975)- Petroleum prospects, Bula Basin, Seram, Indonesia. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 129-148. (Plio-Pleistocene Bula Basin with Early Pleistocene unconformity. Bula field 1897 BPM discovery below surface oil seep in shallow Pleistocene sands, producing since 1913. Limited hydrocarbons and potential in Mesozoic Nief limestone)


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VII. BANDA SEA, LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS VII.1. Banda Sea, East Banda Arc (incl. Tanimbar, Kai, Aru) Abimanyu, R., J. Bates, J. Boast et al. (1996)- Tanimbar Basin. In: Pertamina/BKKA (ed.) Petroleum geology of Indonesian Basins IX, 32 p. Achdan, A. & T. Turkandi (1982)- Geologic report of Kai Quadrangles, Maluku, scale 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Indonesia, Bandung. Agustiyanto, D.A, M. Suparman, E. Partoyo & D. Sukarna (1994)- Geological map of the Moa, Damar and Bandanaira sheet, Maluku, scale 1:250.000. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung. Agustiyanto, D.A, M. Suparman, E. Partoyo & D. Sukarna (1994)- Geological map of the Babar sheet, Maluku, scale 1:250.000. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung. Bowin, C., G.M. Purdy, C. Johnston, G. Shor, L. Lawver, H.M.S. Hartono & P. Jezek (1980)- Arc-continent collision in Banda Sea region. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 64, p. 868-915. (Elaborate, key paper on E Indonesia tectonic history. Large part of Timor rifted off in Jurassic, collided with Sulawesi and split off and collided with Australian continental margin in last 3 My) Bowin, C. & C. Johnston (1981)- Arc-continent collision in Banda Sea region: reply. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 65, p. 867. (Response to Crostella 1981; reiterate they regard all Timor rocks N of Kolbano thrust belt as originally part of pre-collision Banda Arc outer arc ridge) Brouwer, H.A. (1923)- Geologische onderzoekingen op de Tenimbar eilanden. Jaarb. Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 50 (1921), Verhand., p. 117-142. (‘Geological investigations on the Tanimbar Islands’) Brouwer, H. (1923)- Bijdrage tot de geologie van Groot Kei en de kleine eilanden tussen Ceram en de Keieilanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 50 (1921), Verh. 2, p. 143-168. (‘Contribution to the geology of Kai Besar and small islands between Ceram and the Kai islands’). Brown, B.J., R.D. Muller, C. Gaina, H.I.M. Struckmeyer et al. (2003)- Formation and evolution of Australian passive margins: implications for locating the boundary between continental and oceanic crust. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 372, p. 223-243. Burhanuddin, S. (1994)- Geologie des bassins de la Mer de Banda (Indonesie). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, 197 p. (‘Geology of the Banda Sea basins’) Burhanudin, S., J.A. Malod, Ulva R., F. Hinschberger & Sultan (1999)- A new morphology and discovery of submarine volcano between Buru and Ambon . Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 43-50. Burhanuddin, S., L. Sarmili, J.P. Rehault, J.A. Malod, R.C. Maury et al. (1994)- Cekungan Laut Banda Utara (Indonesia Timur): suatu sketsa baru punggungan Tampomas dan batuan dasar samuderanya. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 509-519. (New bathymetric map confirms oceanic nature of North Banda Sea. Main morphological feature in N Banda Sea is NW-SE trending Tampomas Ridge, SW of Buru, interpreted as remnant strike-slip fault. Pillow lavas dredged from E flank indicate Late Miocene (9 +/-3Ma) back-arc basin floor (cross-section looks like big rotated fault block with 2 sec of relief; HvG) Burollet, P.F. & C.L. Salle (1985)- Tectonic significance of the Banda Sea. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 477-490. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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(Geological reconnaissances in Kai and Tanimbar Archipelagoes show E-W succession of: (1) folded Paleogene-Miocene of Australian borderland and accretionary wedges; (2) Neogene basins with overpressured shales and mud volcanoes; (3) melange olistolites or nappes overthrusting part of Neogene basins; (4) PreTertiary basement terranes in W part. Banda Sea represents a stretched internal sea) Bursch, J.G. (1947)- Mikropalaontologische Untersuchungen des Tertiars von Gross Kei (Molukken). Schweiz. Palaont. Abh., 65, 3, 69p. (‘Micropaleontological investigations of the Tertiary of Kai Besar’. Well-illustrated descriptions of limestones with Eocene (incl. Lacazina) and Early Miocene larger forams) Callomon, J.H. & G. Rose (2000)- Middle Jurassic ammonites from the island of Babar in the southern Moluccan forearc, Indonesia. Revue Paleobiol., Spec. Vol. 8, p. 53-64. (M Jurassic ammonites from outcrops on Babar. Fauna dominated by Satoceras satoi (= part of Macrocephalites group), a bioprovincially Austral sphaeroceratid genus, unknown in W Tethys, but characterizes Late Bajocian- Early Callovian, and known also from Sula and W Irian Jaya) Charlton, T.R., M.E.M. de Smet, H. Samodra & S.J. Kaye (1991)- The stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Tanimbar islands, eastern Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 343-358. (Stratigraphy of Tanimbar islands comparable to other Banda forearc islands like Timor, with Australian continental margin sequences added to forearc/collision complex by accretionary processes. Oldest rocks MLate Triassic sandstones and E-M Jurassic grey shales, found only in ejecta of mud volcanoes. Oldest rocks in normal outcrop is Ungar Fm sandstone of probable Late Jurassic-E Cretaceous age. Major unconformity cut out Late Cretaceous-Paleogene. Miocene siliciclastic Tangustabun Fm and succeeding carbonate clastic Batimafudi Fm deformed in Pliocene, and unconformably overlain by E Pleistocene-Recent post-orogenic sediments. Structurally Tanimbar comparable to W Timor) Charlton, T.R., M.E.M. de Smet, H. Samodra & S.J. Kaye (1991)- Stratigrafi dan perkembangan struktur di Kepulauan Tanimbar, Indonesia Timur. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 16, p. 45-69. (Indonesian version of above paper) Charlton, T.R., S.J. Kaye, H. Samodra & Sardjono (1991)- Geology of the Kai Islands: implications for the evolution of the Aru Trough and Weber Basin, Banda Arc, Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol 8, 1, p. 62-69. (E Kai islands dominated by normal faults, downthrowing to Aru Trough, with no sign of earlier compressive forearc deformation. Aru Trough extensional feature, in direct bathymetric continuity with compressional Timor-Tanimbar Trough. Banda Arc thrust front steps W-ward as result of extension in Aru Trough. Thrust front runs N-S through Kai group, separating inactive accretionary complex to W from active extension in E. Weber Basin results from E-W extension, with pre-existing thrust faults probably reactivated in extension as low-angle normal faults. Both compressional and extensional deformation since Pliocene) Charlton, T.R., S.J. Kaye, H. Samodra & Sardjono (1991)- Geologi Kepulauan, Kai dan implikasinya terhadap perkembangan Palung Aru dan Cekungan Weber, Indonesia Timur. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (J. Geology and Mineral Res., Bandung) 3, 18, p. 2-11. (Indonesian version of above paper) Cornee, J.J., J. Butterlin, P. Saint-Marc, J.P. Rehault, C. Honthaas et al. (1998)- An Early Miocene reefal platform in the Rama Ridge (Banda Sea, Indonesia). Geo-Marine Lett. 18, p. 34-39. (Early Miocene reefal carbonate with Lepidocyclina (N) dredged from Rama Ridge, indicating Banda Sea ridges were present in Early Miocene, with major tectonic subsidence between M Miocene and E Pliocene. Age assignment may be questioned; could also be Late Oligocene or Middle-Late Miocene; HvG) Cornee, J.J., M. Villeneuve, M. Ferrandini, F. Hinschberger et al. (2002)- Oligocene reefal deposits in the Pisang Ridge and the origin of the Lucipara Block (Banda Sea, Eastern Indonesia). Geo-Mar Lett. 22, p. 66-74. (M Oligocene reefal deposits with Pararotalia mecatepecensis and pelagic E Pliocene muds dredged from Banda Sea Pisang Ridge, confirming it is part of continental/ continental arc Lucipara Block (incl. Tukang


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Besi, Lucipara and Rama ridges). Lucipara Block drifted from N Irian Jaya in M Miocene and collided with Kolonodale Block in Late Miocene. A late Early Oligocene volcanic arc developed in Weber Trough area, then uplifted to shallow-water position at Early-Late Oligocene boundary in Pisang Ridge. Late Oligocene- E Miocene metamorphism subsequently developed, prior to deposition of E Miocene coral reefs in Rama Ridge. Locally, Late Miocene metamorphism identified in Lucipara Ridge, prior to latest Miocene-Pliocene drowning and splitting of Lucipara Block into several small blocks throughout Banda Sea region) Cornee, J., M. Villeneuve, J.P. Rehault, J. Malod, J. Butterlin, P. Saint-Marc, G. Tronchetti et al. (1997)Stratigraphic succession of the Australian margin between Kai and Aru islands (Arafura Sea, eastern Indonesia), interpreted from Banda Sea II cruise dredge samples. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, 4-5, p. 423-434. (Dredges in Aru Trough E of Kai Besar recovered fairly complete Australian margin section, 3000-4000m thick, from ?Carboniferous- Permian to Jurassic- Miocene. Displaced Eocene carbonate with Lacazinella) Cox, L.R. (1924)- Some Late Kainozoic pelecypoda from the Aru Islands. Geol. Mag. 61, 2, p. 56-63. (Brief descriptions of ?Mio-Pliocene pelecypods, incl. Ostrea, Pecten spp., Clementia, etc.) Currie, E.D. (1924)- On fossil Echinoidea from the Aru Islands. Geol. Mag. 61, 2, p. 63-72. (Brief descriptions small collection of ?Mio-Pliocene echinoids from limestones and sandy limestones of Aru Islands. Believed to be of probable Pliocene age) De Marez Oyens, F.A.H.W. (1913)- De geologie van het eiland Babber. Handel. XIVe Natuur- en Geneesk. Congr., Maart 1913, p. 463-468. (‘The geology of Babar Island’. Describes rocks-fossils similar to Timor: Permian crinoidal limestone and marl, Triassic sandstones-claystones with Daonella, Jurassic marls rich in ammonites (Liassic- Callovian; Wanner 1931). Thrust structural style similar to nearby Timor; Brouwer 1916, Van Bemmelen 1949) De Smet, M.E.M., A.R. Fortuin, S. Tjokrosapoetro & J.E. van Hinte (1989)- Late Cenozoic vertical movements of non-volcanic islands in the Banda Arc area. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 263-275. (Late Cenozoic sections on non-volcanic outer arc islands Timor, Buton, Buru, Seram and Kai suggest vertical movements were intermittent and differed widely in arc. Short periods of uplift alternated with longer periods of tectonic rest or subsidence. Deformation has character of tilting or doming of whole islands or parts of islands) De Smet, M.E.M., T.R. Charlton, S.J. Kaye, S.R. Troelstra & L.J. Van Marle (1989)- Late Cenozoic history of the island of Yamdena, Tanimbar archipelago, eastern Indonesia. In: L.J. van Marle (1989) Benthic foraminifera from the Banda Arc region, Indonesia, and their paleobathymetric significance for geologic interpretations of the Late Cenozoic sedimentary record, Free University Press, Amsterdam, p. 145-162. (Yamdena mostly folded Miocene slope sediments, with large amounts of reworked Late Cretaceous, Paleogene and Early Miocene fauna. Angular unconformity between Late Miocene and Pleistocene records Pliocene folding and uplift event. Mud volcanoes along Yamdena Strait common ferro-manganese nodules, ?Triassic sst, ?Cretaceous calcilutite, serpentinite, metabasites) Douville, H. (1908)- Sur les Lepidocyclines d’un calcaire de l’Ile Grand-Kei. In: R.D.M. Verbeek, Molukkenverslag. Geologische verkenningstochten in het oostelijke gedeelte van den Nederlandsch Oostindische Archipel. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 37 (1908), Wetensch. Ged., p. 690-693. (Description of Aquitanian Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) from limestone at Tamangil, Kai Besar, collected by Verbeek) Dwiyanto, B. (1985)- Marine geology and geophysics of the Northern Banda Sea. M.Sc. Thesis Univ. College London, 94p. Granath, J.W., J.M. Christ, P.A. Emmet & M.G. Dinkelman (2010)- Insights into the tectonics of Eastern Indonesia from ArafuraSPAN, a long-offset long-record 2D seismic reflection dataset. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-063, 9 p.


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(Examples of deep seismic images in Seram- Aru Trough- Arafura shelf- Bonaparte Basin. Seram thrust believed to initiate with obduction of ophiolites in hinterland at ~9 Ma and frontal deformation continues today with interaction of thrust front with young Tarera-Aiduna left-lateral fault system. Seram thrust wedge detached above Cretaceous. Timing of extension in Aru Trough Late Pliocene-Quaternary. Weber Deep large normal offset on edge of shelf cross-cutting Banda accretionary prism, with young oceanic crust in deepest parts) Gregory, J.W. (1923)- The Banda Arc: its structure and geographical relations. The Geograph. J. 62, p. 20-30. (Early overview of geology of Banda island, including description of Kai Besar, Aru Islands) Gregory, J.W., L.R. Cox & E.D. Currie (1924)- The geology of the Aru Islands. Geol. Mag. 61, p. 52-72. (Aru Archipelago group of some eighty low islands, probably extension of SW New Guinea. According to Verbeek (1908) consist of almost horizontal limestone plateau, broken by uplift into more than 80 pieces. Probably with core of Mio-Pliocene? limestone with quartz sand) Harris, R.A. (1992)- Peri-collisional extension and the formation of Oman-type ophiolites in the Banda Arc and Brooks range. In: L.M. Parsons et al. (eds.) Ophiolites and their modern oceanic analogues. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 60, p. 301-325. (Banda orogen ophiolites internal structure shows extensional strains. High-T metamorphic sole with continental protoliths locally preserved. Savu and Weber basins provided modern analogues of peri-collional extension processe, which open small ocean basins that may be obductedshortly after they form) Hartono, H.M.S. (1990)- Late Cenozoic tectonic development of the Southeast Asian continental margin in the Banda Sea area. Tectonophysics 181, 1-4, p. 267-276. (Assumes Banda Sea underlain by old oceanic crust, compatible with low heat flow, and allochtonous units on Timor are of Australian origin. Data from N Banda microcontinents, dredged samples from Banda/ Lucipara ridges, etc., support interpretation of microcontinents translated left-laterally westward from Irian Jaya) Hartono, H.M.S. (1990)- Terbentuknya busur volkanik Banda. Geol. Indonesia 13, 2, p.105-112. ('Formation of the Banda volcanic arc') Hartono, H.M.S. (1996)- Initial development of the Banda volcanic arc. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 155-161. (Minimum age for initiation of Banda Arc volcanism is age of Metan Volcanics of Timor, Eocene, 39-56 Ma. NB: questionable if these are part of Banda Arc; most other ages latest Miocene and younger; HvG)) Hartono, H.M.S., C.S. Hutchison, S. Tjokrosapoetro & B. Dwiyanto (1991)- Studies in East Asian Tectonics and Resources (SEATAR) Crustal Transect 4- Banda Sea. Committee for Co-ordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP) and IOC, 30p. Hartono, H.M.S. & M. Istidjab (1976)- Preliminary report: geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks of the Banda island arc volcanos and its regional implications. Proc. 3rd Sess. CCOP, Kuala Lumpur, p. 345-364. Heim, A. (1939)- Geological reconnaissance report on the Tanimbar, Kai and Aroe islands, N.E.I.. Unpublished BPM report, Geol. Survey Indonesia, Bandung, Open File Rept. H39-01, 75p. Heim, A. (1940)- Lebende Diapirinseln in den sudwestlichen Molukken. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 33, p. 183-184. ('Active diapyric islands in the SW Moluccas'. On mud volcanoes on Tanimbar, etc.) Heim, A. (1942)- Lebende Diapire in den sudostlichen Molukken. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 35, 2, p. 225-234. (‘Active diapirs/ mud volcanoes in the SE Moluccas’. Tanimbar and Kei islands are active diapirs.) Hinschberger, F., J.A. Malod, J. Dyment, C. Honthaas, J.P Rehault & S. Burhanuddin (2001)- Magnetic lineations constraints for the back-arc opening of the Late Neogene South Banda Basin (Eastern Indonesia). Tectonophysics 333, p. 47-59.


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(New analysis of magnetic lineations E part of S Banda (Damar) Basin infers opening in Late Miocene- E Pliocene, 6.5- 3.5 Ma. Cessation of spreading probably arc-continent collision at ~3 Ma. Damar basin began as intra-arc basin, separating Banda arc in S from incipient Lucipara arc to N) Hinschberger, F., J.A. Malod, J.P. Rehault, J. Dyment, C. Honthaas, M. Villeneuve & S. Burhanudin (2000)Origine et evolution du bassin Nord-Banda (Indonesie): apport des donnees magnetiques. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Earth Planet. Sci. 331, p. 507-514. (N Banda Sea Basin opened in Late Miocene in back arc setting. Magnetic, bathymetric data and radiometric dates from dredges of its basement used to depict basin evolution. Sea floor spreading occurred from 12.5 7.15 Ma directed by three large NW-SE transform faults, West Buru, Tampomas and Hamilton fracture zones) Hinschberger, F., J.A. Malod, J.P. Rehault & S. Burhanuddin (2003)- Apport de la bathymetrie et de la geomorphologie a la geodynamique des mers de l’Est-Indonesien. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 174, 6, p. 545-560. (N and S Banda Seas and Weber Trough formed in Neogene by back-arc spreading and slab roll-back. Magnetic anomalies define ages of 12.5- 7.1 Ma for N Banda Basin and 6.5- 3.5 Ma for S Banda Basin. Weber Trough >7300 m deep, remains enigmatic. N Banda Basin SE rifted margin morphology preserved along Sinta Ridges. Basin presently in compression and crust subducted W under E Sulawesi. N border N Banda Basin reactivated into sinistral transcurrent motion in S Sula Fracture Zone. S Banda Sea two parts (Wetar, Damar), separated by NNW-SSE volcanic Gunung Api Ridge, interpreted as sinistral strike-slip zone which continues across Banda Ridges. Dredging of Triassic platform rocks and metamorphic basement suggests Sinta and Rama Ridges are continental block fragments. Banda Ridges fringed to S by Nieuwerkerk- Emperor of ChinaLucipara volcanic chains with andesites and basalts of 8- 3.5 Ma. New volcanic seamount SE of Buru and large volcano in Pisang Ridge sub-aerial volcanic morphology and subsidence evidenced by reefal limestones at ~3000 m depth on flank. Basement depths corrected for sediment loading ~1000m below age-depth curve for back-arc basins and ~2000m below curve for oceanic crust. Except for one M Eocene (46-Ma) N-MORB type basalt (from ophiolitic complex?), volcanics dredged from Banda Sea ridges are Neogene: ~10 Ma for Tukang Besi back-arc basalts, 8-7 Ma for Nieuwerkerk–Emperor of China calc-alkaline andesites and 7-3 Ma for Lucipara OIB-type basalts-andesites. Lucipara- Nieuwerkerk- Emperor of China Ridges and Wetar segment of Banda Arc were part of single volcanic arc at 8-7 Ma, with subduction of Indian Ocean continental crust below continental blocks of Australian origin, followed by back-arc rifting/ spreading. End of magmatic activity at 3 Ma result of collision of Timor with Wetar segment of Sunda arc) Honthaas, C., J.P. Rehault, R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, C. Hemond, J.A. Malod, J.J. Cornee, M. Villeneuve et al. (1998)- A Neogene back-arc origin for the Banda Sea basins: geochemical and geochronological constraints from the Banda ridges (East Indonesia). Tectonophysics 298, p. 297-317. (Except for one M Eocene (46-Ma) N-MORB type basalt, thought to belong to an ophiolitic complex, volcanics dredged from Banda Sea ridges are all Neogene: ~10 Ma for Tukang Besi back-arc basalts, 8-7 Ma for Nieuwerkerk–Emperor of China calc-alkaline andesites and 7-3 Ma for Lucipara OIB-type transitional basalts and cordierite-bearing andesites. Isotope signatures suggest assimilation of continental crust. LuciparaNieuwerkerk- Emperor of China Ridges and Wetar segment of Banda Arc were part of single volcanic arc at 8-7 Ma, with subduction of Indian Ocean continental crust below continental blocks of Australian origin, followed by back-arc rifting/ spreading. End of magmatic activity on both volcanic segments at 3 Ma is thought to result from the collision of Timor with the Wetar segment of the Sunda arc. Honthaas, C., M. Villeneuve, J.P. Rehault, H. Bellon, J.J. Cornee et al. (1997)- Kur island: geology of the Eastern flank of the Weber trough (Eastern Indonesia). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Paris 325, 11, p. 883-890. (Data from Kur Island and nearby dredgings show unknown events on E margin of Weber basin: (1) E Oligocene magmatic arc, (2) E Miocene metamorphism event between 24 -17 Ma; and (3) E Pliocene deformation, related to Australian plate- Banda arc collision. Weber basin was created in Pleistocene with uplift of E margin) Hutchison, C.S. (1977)- Banda Sea volcanic arc: some comments on the Rb, Sr and cordierite contents. Newsl. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 3, p. 27-35.


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Hutchison, C.S. & P.A. Jezek (1978)- Banda Arc of eastern Indonesia: petrography, mineralogy and chemistry of the volcanic rocks. In: P. Nutulaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geology and Mineral resources S.E. Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok, p. 607-619. (Four distinct volcanic rock series in Neogene Banda arc: High-K alkaline andesites (Gunung Api, Damar, etc.), calcalkaline andesites (Serua, Manuk), tholeitic basalts (Ambon, Banda Neira, Kelang), cordieritebearing dacites and rhyolites (Ambon)) Jacobson, R.S., L.A. Lawver, K. Becker & G.G. Shor (1977)- Anomalously uniform heat flow in the Banda Sea. EOS, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 58, p. 515. Jacobson, R.S., G.G. Shor, R.M. Kieckhefer & G.M. Purdy (1979)- Seismic refraction and reflection studies in the Timor-Aru Trough system and Australian continental shelf. In: Convergent margins, AAPG Mem. 29, p. 209-222. (Seismic profiles strongly suggest Timor-Tanimbar-Aru Trough is surface trace of subduction zone, with downwarping of continental crust into subduction zone) Jasin, B. & N. Haile (1996)- Uppermost Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous radiolarian chert from the Tanimbar Islands (Banda Arc), Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 14, p. 91-100. (Two radiolarian assemblages from deep marine cherts on Ungar Island: Upper Tithonian- Berriasian and Valanginian- Barremian. Oldest assemblage mixture of Tethyan and non-Tethyan fauna) Jongsma, D., T. Sumantri, A.J. Barber, W. Huson, J.M. Woodside & S. Suparka (1989)- Bathymetry and geophysics of the Snellius-II triple junction and tentative seismic stratigraphy and neotectonics of the northern Aru Trough. In: Proc. Snellius II Symposium, Jakarta 1987, Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 231-250. Jongsma, D., J.M. Woodside, W. Huson, S. Suparka & D. Kadarisman (1989)- Geophysics and tentative late Cenozoic seismic stratigraphy of the Banda Arc-Australian continent collision zone along three transects. In: Proc. Snellius II Symposium, Jakarta 1987, Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 205-229. Karta, K. (1985)- Etude geodynamique de la mer de Banda (Indonesie) par interpretation des donnees magnetiques et gravimetriques. These de Docteur-Ingenieur. Univ. Bretagne Occidentale, p. (‘Study of geodynamics of Banda Sea by interpretation of magnetic and gravity data’) Koesoemadinata, R.P.,Humbarsono & B. Riyanto (1983)- Sekitar munculnya pulau baru di Kepulauan Kai, busur kepulauan Banda. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 53-59. ('Appearance of a new island in the Kai islands', Banda arc') Lapouille, A., H. Haryono, M. La Rue, S. Pramumijoyo & M. Lardy (1985)- Age and origin of the seafloor of the Banda Sea (eastern Indonesia). Oceanologica Acta 8, 4, p. 379-389. (Magnetic anomalies of Banda Sea oceanic crust tied to Cretaceous, suggesting plate is piece of trapped Indian Ocean floor crust. More recent work suggest Miocene age of oceanic crust; hvg) Lee, C.S. & R. McCabe (1986)- The Banda-Celebes-Sulu Basin: a trapped piece of Cretaceous-Eocene oceanic crust ? Nature 322, 6074, p. 51-54. (Banda, Celebes and Sulu basins poorly understood marginal seas. Banda basin possibly trapped oceanic basin once continuous with Late Jurassic Argo abyssal plain. Celebes and Sulu basins also underlain by oceanic crust. Celebes and Sulu seas may have been continuous with Banda basin. NB: most of suggested ages proven wrong by subsequent ODP wells, dredge results, etc.; HvG) Leybourne, B.A. & N.B. Adams (1999)- Modeling mantle dynamics in the Banda Sea triple junction:exploring a possible link to El Nino Southern Oscillation. OCEANS apos; 99 MTS/IEEE. Riding the Crest into the 21st Century 2, 2, p. 955-966. (Evaluation of mantle depths from gravity and seismic studies indicates upwelling of mantle from ~30-40 km under continental shelf of Australia to 21 km in Banda Arc. From here the mantle rises to 14 km in Weber Deep


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and reaches depth of 7 km in N Banda Sea. Seismic epicenter data delineate spatial boundaries of flow regimes and define magmatic migration routes. Epicenter magnitudes are visualized in 3 dimensions by color-coding. Animation portrays upwelling and divergence of mantle flow structures (geostreams) underlying tectonic trends of region and resulting counterflow in volcanic arcs based on surge tectonic hypothesis) Linthout, K., H. Helmers & J. Sopaheluwakan (1997)- Late Miocene obduction and microplate migration around the southern Banda Sea and the closure of the Indonesian Seaway. Tectonophysics 281, 1-2, p. 17-30. (Ultramafites on Timor N coast, on smaller islands in S Outer Banda Arc and on SW Seram are fragments of M Miocene oceanic lithosphere, obducted in Late Miocene. Cool sole rock metamorphosed by overriding oceanic lithosphere. Kaibobo lherzolitic complex (SW Seram) obduction started ~9.5 Ma, emplacement completed at ~8 Ma and fast vertical movements continued until ~7 Ma. Obduction of lherzolite on N Timor also at 8 Ma and cooling to 300° C at 5.5 Ma. Oceanic lithosphere formed in E Miocene (~6 Ma prior to start of obduction). Obducted ultramafites formed close to passive margin by slow spreading in short-lived interarc Timor Plate (16-9.5 Ma). Model good agreement with 9.9-7.5 Ma history of shallowing and closure of Indonesian Seaway, as inferred from biogeographic patterns and thermal evolution of Miocene equatorial Pacific waters) Martin, K. (1890)- Die Kei-Inseln und ihr Verhaltniss zur Australisch-Asiatischen Grenzlinie, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Geologie von Timor und Celebes. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen. (2), 7, p. 241-280. (‘The Kai islands and their relevance to the Australian-Asian boundary’. Study of rocks from Kai islands collected by Wertheim in 1889. Miocene larger foram limestone from Kai Besar up to 2000’ elevation with large orbitoids. Also Eocene limestones with alveolinid (re-identified as Lacazinella by Verbeek 1908). No figures; not overly useful) McCaffrey, R. (1989)- Seismological constraints and speculations on Banda Arc tectonics. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 141-152. (Australian continent- Banda Arc collision shortens overriding Indonesian plate in N-S direction and elongates it in E-W direction by combination strike-slip and thrust faulting. Two plates subduct beneath Banda Arc: (1) Australia-Indian Ocean plate N-ward beneath Java Trench-Timor Trough-Aru Trough, and (2) Bird's Head SW-ward beneath Seram Trough. Slab of Indian Ocean plate forms W-ward plunging synform beneath Banda Basin.Birds Head lithosphere subducted under Seram Trough down to 300 km depth. At surface decoupling between Australian and Birds Head by left-lateral strike slip at Tarera-Aiduna fault zone and convergence in New Guinea foldbelt. Seismic quiescence 50-380 km beneath Timor and inactive volcanic arc, but S-wave propagation suggests continuous lithospheric slab) McCaffrey, R. & G.A. Abers (1991)- Orogeny in arc-continent collision: the Banda arc and western New Guinea. Geology 19, p. 563-566. Merton, H. (1910)- Forschungsreise in den sudostlichen Molukken (Aru- und Kei-Inseln) im Auftrage der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Abhandl. Senckenbergischen Naturf. Ges., Frankfurt, 208 p. ('Expedition to the SE Moluccas (Aru and Kai islands) on behalf of Senckenberg Natural History Society'. On natural history, geography and geology of Aru- Kai islands from 1907-1908 expedition) Michael-Leiba, M.O. (1984)- The Banda Sea earthquake of 24 November 1983: evidence for intermediate depth thrust faulting in the Benioff zone. Physics Earth Planet. Int. 36, 2, p. 95-98. (24 November 1983, major earthquake at 180 km depth beneath Banda Sea. Shear failure took place within NNW dipping Benioff zone by thrust faulting along S-dipping plane. Focal mechanism solution does not conform to usual pattern and could not caused by down-dip tension or compression within sinking slab) Milsom, J. (1999)- The Banda Sea: continental collision at the eastern end of Tethys. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 41-47. (Banda Sea is Late Neogene post-collisional collapse basin, similar to Tyrrhenean and Alboran Seas in Mediterranean (all arcuate orogenic belts with outward-directed thrusts enclosing rapidly expanding extensional regimes). Necessary condition is presence of small continental fragments in subducting crust,


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creating local orogenies ahead of main continental collision. New oceanic basins produced by rollback have depths typical of much older crust) Milsom, J. (2005)- The Vrancea seismic zone and its analogue in the Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 410, p. 325-336. (Comparison of Carpathian orogenic belt with Banda Arc. Intermediate depth earthquakes define subducted slab that dips N, S and W beneath Banda Sea, a configuration explained as consequence of rapid expansion of Banda Sea during roll-back subduction) Milsom, J., M.G. Audley-Charles, A.J. Barber & D.J. Carter (1983)- Geological-geophysical paradoxes of the Eastern Indonesian collision zone. In: T.W.C. Hilde & S. Uyeda (eds.) Geodynamics of the Western PacificIndonesian region, Amer. Geophys. Union and Geol. Soc. America Geodyn. Ser. 11, p. 401-412. Milsom, J., S. Kaye & Sardjono (1996)- Extension, collision and curvature in the eastern Banda arc. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 106, p. 85-94. (Discussion of compressional deformation front between Kai Besar- Kai Kecil islands. Eocene- Pleistocene sediments on Kai Besar never deeply buried or imbricated but experienced large-scale extensional faulting. Associated gravity high requires upfaulting of accretionary complex, attenuated Australian continental crust on which it rests and underlying mantle at W side of Aru trough. Deformation front in Aru Trough is SE of Kai Islands but entirely to W further N. Instead of continuing NNE to offset near New Guinea coast, collision trace passes through strait between Kai Besar and other islands, and mimics smooth curve of gravity contours, rather than discontinuities of bathymetric troughs. Continuity in deep and shallow structures is evidence for existence of outer arc as single geological unit prior to present phase of arc-continent collision) Milsom, J., Sardjono & A. Susilo (2001)- Short-wavelength, high-amplitude gravity anomalies around the Banda Sea, and the collapse of the Sulawesi Orogen. Tectonophysics 333, p. 61-74. (Ophiolitic rocks around Banda Sea commonly associated with strong gravity anomalies and steep gradients, but relationships not always straightforward. Bouguer gravity levels and gradients over E Sulawesi ophiolite generally low. In Banda Arc, most positive ophiolite anomalies on steep regional gradient but in W Seram distinct spatial separation. On Buru >10 mGal/km gradient suggests dense rocks near surface, despite absence of ophiolites in outcrop. Gravity variations and ophiolite distribution around Banda Sea compatible with extension in Sulawesi following Oligo-Miocene collision with Australian-derived microcontinent. Association of ultramafic rocks and local strong regional gravity gradient is largely coincidental) Norvick, M.S. (1979)- The tectonic history of the Banda Arcs, eastern Indonesia: a review. J. Geol. Soc. London 136, p. 519-527. (Banda Sea is small marginal oceanic plate, formed in early Tertiary. Complexity result of Late Miocene- E Pliocene collision and obduction of Banda island arc over leading edge of Australian-lrian continental plate. Transcurrent faulting on N limb of collision zone may have accentuated curvature of arc. Subduction and volcanism ceased after collision in Timor and Seram sectors, but still active at E extremity of arc) Okala, E.A. & D. Reymond (2003)- The mechanism of great Banda Sea earthquake of 1 February 1938: applying the method of preliminary determination of focal mechanism to a historical event. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 216, p. 1-15. (Large 1938 Banda Sea earthquake ranks among 10 largest moments ever published. Resulted from mostly thrust-faulting mechanism (strike 276°; dip 63°; slip 70°). Took place in region of sparse seismicity, away from presumed block boundaries. The 1938 event shares compressional axis with smaller and deeper 1963 shock to SW, showing coherence in regional contortion of subducting Australian plate lithosphere) Osada, M. & K. Abe (1981)- Mechanism and tectonic implications of the Great Banda Sea earthquake of November 4, 1963. Physics Earth Planet. Int. 25, 2, p. 129-139. (Banda Sea earthquake of 1963 (h = 100 km, mB = 7.8) probably one of largest intermediate-depth shocks worldwide this century. Estimated fault area of 90 × 70 km2, average dislocation of 7 m. Represents oblique


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thrust movement on plane with dip direction N170°E, dip 48° and rake 52°. Faulting took place within subducted plate and offset it. Further repetition of such faulting might eventually break subducted plate) Papp, Z. (1980)- A three-dimensional model of the seismicity in the Banda Sea region. Tectonophysics 69, p. 63-83. Papp, Z. (1981)- Temporal variation of elastic strain release in the Banda Sea region. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 4, p. 13-17. Pertamina/BKKA (1996)- Petroleum geology of Indonesian basins, vols. VI-IX Eastern Indonesian Basins, IXTanimbar, p. 1-32 p. Pigram, C.J. & H. Panggabean (1983)- Age of the Banda Sea, eastern Indonesia. Nature 301, p. 231-234. (Banda Sea floor probably trapped Jurassic oceanic crust. More recent work favors Mio-Pliocene age; HvG) Prasetyo, H. (1988)- Marine geology and tectonic development of the Banda Sea region, Eastern Indonesia: a model of an 'Indo-Borderland' marginal basin. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California Santa Cruz, p. 1-475. Prasetyo, H. (1989)- Marine geology and tectonic development of the Banda Sea region, Eastern Indonesia: a model of an 'Indo-borderland' marginal basin. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia Spec. Publ. 1, p. 1-427. Prasetyo, H. (1991)- From California borderland to Eastern Indonesia collision zone. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geoph. (HAGI), p. Prasetyo, H. (1999)- Marine geology and tectonic development of the Banda Ridges system, eastern Indonesia; implication for Banda marginal basin formation. In: Proc. 35th Session Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Subic Bay 1998, 2, Techn. Repts. p. 11-38. (Banda Sea neither young spreading basin nor trapped piece of oceanic crust, although N (Sula) and S (Banda) basins appear to be trapped Pre-Tertiary oceanic crust. Banda Ridges in central part composed of continental borderland formed in Irian Jaya and emplaced in present position by Late Miocene. Basement rock dredged from Banda Ridge can be correlated with similar lithologies on Irian Jaya, Misool, Buru and PNG. Banda Ridge Terrane overlain by Upper Miocene- younger sediments that consist of pelagic limestones and Miocene volcanic rocks in the Lucipara Islands) Purdy, G.M. & R.S. Detrick (1978)- A seismic refraction experiment in the Central Banda Sea. J. Geoph. Res. 83, p. 2247-2257. Rehault, J.P., J.A. Malod, M. Larue, S. Burhanuddin & L. Sarmili (1991)- A new sketch of the central North Banda Sea, eastern Indonesia. J. Southeastern Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 329-334. (New bathymetric map. Faulting and underthrusting of Banda Sea crust beneath E Sulawesi) Rehault, J.P., R. Maury, H. Bellon, L. Sarmili, S. Burhanuddin et al. (1994)- La mer de Banda Nord (Indonesie): un bassin arriere-arc du Miocene superieur. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, 318 (II), p. 969-976. (North Banda Sea is Late Miocene back arc basin) Richardson, A. (1993)- Lithosphere structure and dynamics of the Banda Arc collision zone, Eastern Indonesia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 105-118. (Reconstruction of Australian continental subducting slab from earthquake data. Vertical and lateral discontinuities, some reflecting slab separation during a previous microcontinental collision event at ~10-7 Ma) Richardson, A.N. (1994)- Lithospheric structure and dynamics of the Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 348 p.


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Richardson, A.N. & D.J. Blundell (1996)- Continental collision in the Banda arc. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 47-60. (Two deep seismic profiles E of Timor show Australian continental crust bent down to N. Overriding upper plate too much volume to be only sediments accreted from Australian Plate: must include continental crustal material, like microcontinent or outer margin high. Micro-continental fragment collided with subduction zone at ~8 Ma (age of Aileu Fm metamorphism) and caused Late Miocene Banda allochton uplift) Ritsema, A.R. (1953)- New seismicity maps of the Banda Sea. Journ. Sci. Res. Indonesia 2, p. 48-54. Ritsema, A.R. (1986)- Subduction in the Banda Arc. Gerlands Beitr. Geophysik 95, 5, p. 414-417. Ritsema, A.R., R.P. Sudarmo & I. Putu Pudja (1989)- The generation of the Banda Arc on the basis of its seismicity. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 165-172. Roberts, G., C. Ramsden, T. Christoffersen, N. Wagimin & Y. Muzaffar (2011)- East Indonesia: plays and prospectivity of the West Aru, Kai Besar and Tanimbar Area- identified from new long offset seismic data. Expanded abstract AAPG Ann. Conv., Houston 2011, Search and Discovery Article 10348, 15 p. (Observations from recent seismic survey of SE Arafura Platform/Basin, Tanimbar and Aru Troughs and E part of Banda Arc collision zone) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- De eilanden tussen Timor en Ceram. In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 705-716. ('The islands between Timor and Seram'. Brief reviews of geology of Leti, Mao, Babar, Kai islands, etc.) Rynn, J.M.W. & I.D. Reid (1983)- Crustal structure of the western Arafura Sea from ocean bottom seismograph data. J. Geol. Soc. Australia, 30, p. 59-74. Sandiford, M. (2008)- Seismic moment release during slab rupture beneath the Banda Sea. Geoph. J. Int. 174, 2, p. 659-671. (Differential vertical stretching of downgoing slab along Damar Zone (largely submerged segment of Banda arc E of Roma) consistent with slab rupture front ~100-200 km under Roma propagating E at ~100 km/ Myr. Anomalous trends beneath Damar, where subhorizontal constriction suggests extreme stress ~100 km ahead of slab rupture front. Stress concentrations may explain anomalously deep ocean gateways in region) Sarmili, L. (1993)- A new tectonic framework in the North Banda basin. Bul. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 8, 3, p. 1-19. Sarmili, L., N. Sukmana & A. Saripudin (2000)- Indication of a manganese crust on volcanic rocks within the North Banda Sea (East Indonesia). Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 79-86. (N Banda Sea up to 6000m deep. Dredge samples of Upper Miocene volcanics, representing young oceanic crust. Rocks from 3500-4000m water depth have iron-manganese coating) Schluter, H.U. (1983)- Geology and tectonics along the convergent Australian and Banda Sea margins from the Tanimbar Trench to the Aru Trough: results of geophysical investigations with the R/V Sonne Cruise SO-116 in 1981. BGR Rept. 94605, Hannover, 37p. Schluter, H.U. & J. Fritsch (1985)- Geology and tectonics of the Banda Arc between Tanimbar Island and Aru Island (Indonesia). Results of R/V Sonne Cruise SO-16, Geol. Jahrbuch E 30, p. 3-41. (BGR 1981 seismic and gravity-magnetics program between Australian continental shelf and Tanimbar and kai Island groups, with examples of Tanimbar-Kai trench-accretionary prisms, young normal faulting on shelf and slope, etc.) Sentani, E.A. & A. Nugraha (2009)- Opportunities (III), Kai- Tanimbar. Inameta J. 7, p. 28-31.


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(online at: www.patranusa.com) (Brief overview of Kai- Tanimbar foldbelt area, W of Arafura Sea, in conjunction with tender round offering. Note similarities to Timor- Seram foldbelts) Silver, E.A., J.B. Gill, D. Schwartz, H. Prasetyo & R.A. Duncan (1985)- Evidence for a submerged and displaced continental borderland, North Banda Sea, Indonesia. Geology 13, p. 687-691. (Banda Sea two oceanic fragments (S and N Banda basins), separated by Banda Ridges submerged and displaced continental borderland. Dredged andesitic volcanics from Banda Ridges mainly Late Miocene, 7-9 Ma. Suggest origin fromBirds Head between 5-10 Ma) Situmorang, M. (1989)- Lithofacies and depositional pattern of sea floor sediments in the North Banda Sea, Indonesia. Netherl. J. Sea Res. 24, 4, p. 405-413. Situmorang, M. (1992)- Sedimentology and marine geology of the Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of Utrecht, Geol. Ultraiectana 84, 191p. Situmorang, M. (1993)- The forms and characteristics of detrital heavy minerals in Banda Sea and the adjacent areas. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 8, 1, p. 9-31. (Detrital heavy minerals in Banda Sea seafloor sediments predominantly mafic volcanic and sedimentary minerals with some metamorphic minerals) Situmorang, M. & L. Sarmili (1997)- Composition, morphometry, dispersal patterns of gravel clasts and basement rocks in the Banda Arc sea floor, eastern Indonesia. Bull. Marine Geol., Bandung, 12, 1, p. 1-26. (Gravel on Banda Arc seafloor includes clasts of sediments (limestone, sandstone, coral, claystone, marl), volcanics (pyroxene andesite, pumice) and minor metamorphics. Seram, Timor, and Gorong Islands supplied majority of clasts. Volcanic clasts on Bandaneira and Serua volcanic arcs, and in Weber Deep likely derived from Banda volcanic arc and Manuk, Serua, Nila and Teon volcanoes. Part of metamorphic clasts derived from basement cropping out at sea floor) Snyder, D.B. & A.J. Barber (1997)- Australia- Banda Arc collision as an analogue for early stages in Iapetus closure. J. Geol. Soc. London 154, p. 589-592. (Comparison of structures formed across Banda Arc since Pliocene during Australia- Arc collision with structures in central British Isles) Snyder, D. & R. Hobbs (1999)- BIRPS Atlas II: a second decade of deep seismic reflection profiling. Geol. Soc. London, MPB 42, 3 CD’s. (Deep seismic sections from different parts of world, including across Banda Arc. Data quality rel. poor) Snyder, D.B., J. Milsom & H. Prasetyo (1996)- Geophysical evidence for local indentor tectonics in the Banda arc east of Timor. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds). Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 61-73. (Seismic reflection profiles and gravity across Banda arc E of Timor. Reflectors beneath Sahul Platform indicative of extensional rift structures overprinted by recent shortening. Negative Bouguer gravity associated with S parts of accretionary complex unusually broad and deep. Further N, forearc basin narrow near E Timor and little sediments, mostly undeformed. Backarc region to N has N-S trending line of seamounts culminating in active Gunung Api volcano, 400 km above Benioff zone. Anomalously thick, bouyant crust beneath Banda Arc E of Timor either local promontory in irregular boundary of Australian craton was underthrust 50-70 km beneath volcanic arc and forearc, or Palaeozoic basin similar to nearby Bonaparte underthrust and former crustal structure inverted and thickened to form buoyant crust) Snyder, D.B., H. Prasetyo, D.J. Blundell, C.J. Pigram, A.J. Barber et al. (1996)- A dual doubly vergent orogen in the Banda arc continent-arc collision zone as observed on deep seismic reflection profiles. Tectonics 15, p. 34-53. (Interpretation of deep seismic lines E of Timor (BIRPS 1992))


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Stevens, G.R. (1964)- A new belemnite from the Upper Jurassic of Indonesia. Palaeontology 7, 4, p. 621-629. (Belemnopsis stolleyi n.sp. for Belemnopsis aucklandica specimens collected by Weber and described by Stolley (1929) from red-variegated Upper Oxfordian marls collected by Weber in the ‘Belemnitenbach’ (belemnite creek), 6 km from W coast of North Yamdena, Tanimbar) Sukardi, T. & Sutrisno (1990)- Geologic map of the Tanimbar Islands Quadrangle, Maluku, scale 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Tanimbar Islands SW-directed thrust faults. NE edge of Yamdena and offshore islands tectonically complex mélange and/or mud volcanoes (‘Molu Complex’) with Triassic and Jurassic sandstones and limestones, also metamorphic and volcanic rock types Suparka & D. Jongsma (1987)- Snellius-II. Triple Junction. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. Tissot van Patot, J.W. (1908)- Een viertal tochten door het eiland Terangan (Aroe Eilanden) in Maart en April 1907. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 25, p. 77-93. (‘Four trips through Terangan, Aru Islands, in 1907’) Tjia, H.D. (1977)- Fracture systems near Dobo, Aru Islands, Indonesia. Sains Malaysiana 6, 2, p. 185-193. Tjokosapoetro, S. & T. Budhitrisna (1982)- Geology and tectonics of the Northern Banda Arc. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bandung 6, p. 1-17. Untung, M. (1985)- Subsidence of the Aru Trough and the Aru Island, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 112, 1-4, p. 411-422. (Aru Trough isostatic anomalies show region is in subsidence. Crustal extension may be active in zone E of Aru Trough, resulting in graben formation. Root of Aru Island pulled downward to E . Crustal extension indicates separation of a block of Australian continental crust from Australian platform) Usna, I., S. Tjokrosapoetro & S. Wiryosujono (1977)- Geological interpretation of a seismic reflection profile across the Banda Sea between Wetar and Buru Islands. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 1, p. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1979)- Crustal convergence or divergence in the Banda Sea region of Indonesia? Geol. Mijnbouw 58, p. 101-106. Van der Kaars, S., X. Wang, A.P. Kershaw, F. Guichard & D.A. Setiabudi (2000)- A late Quaternary palaeoecological record from the Banda Sea, Indonesia; patterns of vegetation, climate and biomass burning in Indonesia and northern Australia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 155, p. 135-153. (Banda Sea core SHI-9014 palynological and carbon isotope analyses provide a regional vegetation, fire and climate history for Banda Sea in last 180,000 years. During last two glacial periods drier climates in both E Indonesia and N Australia and lower montane forests expanded in E Indonesia indicating cooler climatic conditions. Before 37,000 yr BP. Dipterocarpaceae important part of lowland vegetation of E Indonesia. Subsequent demise likely related to increased human impact) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1966)- Miogypsinoides, Miogypsina, Lepidocyclina and Cycloclypeus of Larat, Moluccas. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 59, 1, p. 421-429. (Aquitanian larger foraminifera Miogypsinoides dehaartii and Miogypsina borneensis from three limestone samples from Larat (=Kai Besar?). No locality descriptions or local stratigraphy) Van Gool, M., W.J. Huson, R. Prawirasasra & T.R. Owen (1987)- Heat flow and seismic observations in the northwestern Banda arc. Proc. 23rd Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Madang 1986, 2, p. 1-15. (Heat flow measurements in deep N Buru and Lucipara basins, N Banda Sea, during Snellius II expedition in 1985 all show high values, interpreted to be result of recent E-W strike-slip movement in NW Banda Arc)


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Van Gool, M., W.J. Huson, R. Prawirasasra & T.R. Owen (1987)- Heat flow and seismic observations in the northwestern Banda arc. J. Geophys. Res. 92, B3, p. 2581-2586. (Same as above) Van Marle, L.J. & M.E.M. de Smet (1990)- Notes on the Late Cenozoic history of the Kai Islands, Eastern Indonesia. Geol. Mijnbouw 69, p. 93-103. (Kai Besar M Eocene- M. Miocene in bathyal calcilutite facies, recording deep water passive margin fill; common shallow water carbonate debris in older literature interpreted as shallow; emerged in Late MiocenePliocene; ~2 km of uplift in last 10 My) Vening Meinesz F.A. (1951)- A third arc in many island arc areas. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Nat. Sci., B54, p. 432-442. (see Westerveld 1954) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1901)- Geologische beschrijving van de Banda-eilanden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndie 29, p. 1-29. (‘Geological description of the Banda islands’. Banda Neira/ Gunung Api and Run composed of young volcanics and coral limestones) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1908)- Residentie Amboina. In: Molukkenverslag, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 37 (1908), Wetensch. Ged., p. 428-655. (Early descriptions of islands of Banda arc from east of Timor to Seram-Buru. Includes descriptions and crosssections of Kai Besar and illustrations of Eocene Discocyclina- Asterocyclina from there. Oldest beds on Kai Besar weakly folded Eocene marly limestones, generally dipping 10° to W, overlain by horizontal limestone terraces, the oldest of which have Lepidocyclina and are therefore of Miocene age, the younger ones are postMiocene) Villeneuve, M., J.J. Cornee, R. Martini, L. Zaninetti et al. (1994)- Upper Triassic shallow-water limestones in the Sinta Ridge (Banda Sea, Indonesia). Geo-Marine Lett. 14, p. 29-35. (10 dredge samples from N slope Sinta Ridge, which separates N and S Banda basins. Some are shallow marine limestones with Upper Norian (- Rhaetian?) benthic foraminifera. Similarities with E Sulawesi, Buru and Seram consistent with independent Upper Triassic block; origin of Banda Sea microcontinents is questionable) Von Der Borch, C.C. (1979)- Continent-island arc collision in the Banda Arc. Tectonophysics 54, p. 169-193. (Timor-Tanimbar-Ceram troughs and adjacent outer Banda Arc very similar to arcs subducting oceanic lithosphere and sediments, despite fact that outer Banda Arc is underlain by continental crust. Alignment with oceanic Indonesian Arc, gravity anomalies, and persistence of morphological and structural entities around arc favour subduction in Timor-Tanimbar-Ceram Troughs rather than gravity sliding towards troughs. Outer Banda Arc is accretionary prism of subduction zone which was formerly in ocean-crust setting but since Pliocene has been interacting with continental lithosphere. This model for Banda Arc is at variance with some structural interpretations of Timor island, which is emergent outer arc) Wandel, G. (1936)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Jurassischen Molluskenfauna von Misol, Ost Celebes, Buton, Seran und Jamdena. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Beitrage zur Palaeontologie des Ostindischen Archipels 13, N. Jb. Miner. Geol. Palaeont., Beil. Bd. 75B, p. 447-526. (‘Contributions to the knowledge of Jurassic molluscs from Misool, E Sulawesi, Buton, Seram and Yamdena’) Wanner, J. & E. Jaworski (1931)- Liasammoniten von Jamdena und Celebes. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Palaont., Beil. Bd. 66, p. 199-209. (‘Liassic ammonites from Yamdena and Sulawesi’. Early Jurassic ammonites Asteroceras sparsicostatum n.sp., Arnioceras and Echioceras wichmanni in nodules from Yamdena mud volcanoes Tasik Selwasa and Botenjahu. Fauna and lithology very similar to the Krumbeck (1922)'s 'grey cephalopod nodule marl' of Roti and Timor )


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Wahab, A., Susanto & R. Nyak Baik (1991)- Seismic expression across Tanimbar trough, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Bandung, p. Wallace, A.R. (1857)- On the natural history of the Aru Islands. Ann. Mag. Nat. History, ser. 2, 20, p. 473-485. Weber, F. (1923)- Rapport omtrent het geologisch onderzoek van Klein Kei. Unpubl. BPM Report, p. (‘Report of geological investigation of Kai Kecil island’. Unpublished BPM report at GRDC library No. H 232/(H5) 55) Weber, F. (1924)- Rapport omtrent het geologisch onderzoek van het eiland Groot Kei of Noehoe Tjoet. Unpublished BPM report, p. (‘Report of geological investigation of Kai Besar island’. Unpublished BPM report at GRDC library No. H 242/(H5) 55) Weber, F. (1925)- Verslag omtrent het geologisch onderzoek der eilandgroep van Koer en Tajando (Westelijke Kei eilanden). Unpublished BPM report (GRDC library, No. ?) (‘Report of geological investigation of island group of Kur and Tajando’. Unpublished BPM report at GRDC library No. H 25-3/(H4) 55) Weber, F. (1925)- Verslag omtrent het geologisch onderzoek der Z.W. Tanimber eilanden. Unpubl. BPM Report, p. (‘Report of geological investigation of the SW Tanimbar islands'. Commonly quoted report at Geol. Survey, Bandung. Weber’s macrofossil collections have been described by Wanner, Stolley, Wandel, etc.) Welc, J.L. & T. Lay (1987)- The source rupture process of the Great Banda Sea earthquake of November 4, 1963. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 45, p. 242-254. (1963 Banda Sea earthquake one of largest (Mw=8.3) intraplate events. Involved oblique thrusting at intermediate depth within subducted lithosphere near abrupt bend in SE Banda arc (6.86° S, 129.58° E). Rupture initiated at 120 km depth and expanded laterally and downdip over vertical extent of ~50 km. Alongstrike rupture length only ~100 km. Tied to slab rupture at edge of subducting Australian continental lithosphere?) Westerveld, J. (1955)- The Lucipara Islands Ridge and a third arc in the Banda Sea. Geol. Mijnbouw 1955, 3, p. 84-88. (A third arc in Banda Sea at Lucipara Islands, as suggested by Vening Meinesz (1951) not supported by geological evidence) Wiryosujono, S. (1976)- Melange assemblage in Babar Islands. Berita Dit. Geol.(Geol. Survey Indonesia Newsletter) 9, 6, p. 71-75. (Wiryosujono & Tjokrosapoetro 1978: large blocks of pillow basalt and diabase in valley of main river on surface of Triassic and Jurassic flysch deposits) Woodside, J.M., D. Jongsma, M. Thommeret, G. Strang van Hees & Puntodewo (1989)- Gravity and magnetic field measurements in the eastern Banda Sea. In: Proc. Snellius II Symposium, Jakarta 1987, Neth. J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 185-203. (Magnetic anomalies may indicate volcanic material associated with topographic features in Aru and Weber Troughs. Discontinuity along W extension of Tarera-Aiduna Fault between Seram subduction zone and Aru Trough/ Kuenen Bank (larger variations of gravity to S and change in magnetic trends) although both gravity and magnetic anomalies exhibit NE-SW trend obliquely across SE section of Seram Trough. Seram Trench accretionary complex over dynamically-depressed crust of subducting plate. Weber Basin crust excessively depressed and thinned. Positive gravity anomalies suggest outer part of Timor-Tanimbar accretionary complex either above rising or shallower subducting plate, or contains substantial denser material. Major strike-slip feature may be present NE of Tanimbar, cutting accretionary complex obliquely)


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Zaim, Y., B. Ernawan& Fachrizal (2012)- Mud volcanoes in SE Maluku: evidence for netectonics in East Indonesia. Berita Sedimentologi 24 (in press) (online at: ) (On active mud volcanoes on Babar, Tanimbar and Kai islands)


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VII.2. Lesser Sunda- W Banda Volcanic Arc ( Lombok- Flores- Wetar) Abbott, M.J. & F.H. Chamalaun (1981)- Geochronology of some Banda Arc volcanics. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 253-268. (E Indonesia K/Ar geochronology program at Flinders University. Banda Arc volcanism ceased in Alor-Wetar sector and on Ambon at ~3 Ma, reflecting minimum age of Timor/ Seram collisions. Inactive parts of arc characterized by rapid uplift. Wetar volcanism may have started 12 Ma. N Timor Oecusse pillow basalts islandarc tholeite with wide radiometric age range, but ~6-4 Ma most likely) Ali, E. (1997)- Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit, exploration and evaluation. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Jakarta 1997, p. 193-205. (On Sumbawa Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit) Alzwar, M. (1981)- A structural discontinuity with associated potassic volcanism in Indonesian island arc: first results of the CNR-CNRS-VSI mission to the island of Sumbawa. Soc. Geol. Ital. Rendicanti 4, p. 275-288. Arif, J. & T. Baker (2004)- Gold paragenesis and chemistry at Batu Hijau, Indonesia: implications for gold-rich porphyry copper deposits. Mineralium Deposita 39, p. 523-535. (Sumbawa Batu Hijau world-class porphyry copper-gold deposit. Neogene volcanism progressive change from calc-alkaline to shoshinitic affinities with time. E- M Miocene andesitic volcaniclastic rock succession dips gently in W direction, cut by several phases of M- Late Miocene intrusions (5.9-3.7 Ma; hypabyssal andesites, equigranular quartz diorite plutons, late-stage tonalite- granodiorite dikes)) Arifin, L. (1998)- Stratigrafi seismik perairan Lombok Barat. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (Bandung) 8, 80, p. 17-26. ('Seismic stratigraphy of W Lombok area') Audley-Charles, M.G. (1974)- Banda Arcs. In: A.M.Spencer (ed.) Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 349-363. Audley-Charles, M.G. (2004)- Ocean trench blocked and obliterated by Banda forearc collision with Australian proximal continental slope. Tectonophysics 389, 1-2, p. 65-79. (E end of Java Trench now blocked SE of Sumba by Australian continental margin forming Roti-Savu Ridge. Present position of defunct Banda Trench buried below foothills of S Timor. Large part of Banda forearc carried over Australian margin during subduction between ~12- 3.5 Ma. Collision deformed forearc with part of unsubducted Australian lower plate cover, now forming exposed Banda orogen with parts of forearc basement. Forearc overrode Australian continental slope. Parts of proximal forearc prism and proximal continental slope cover detached and thrust N over Java-Banda Trench and forearc up to 80 km along Sdipping Savu Thrust and Wetar Suture. Reinterpretations explain absence of discernible subduction ocean trench in S Banda Arc and narrow forearc (30 km at Atauro, N of E Timor) Aye, M.T., A. Imai, N. Araki, S. Pramumijoyo, A. Idrus, L.D. Setijadji & J. Arif (2010)- Copper-gold bearing skarn mineralization at the Batu Hijau deposit, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-057, 6p. (Batu Hijau copper-gold skarn in SW Sumbawa Island resulted from interaction of hydrothermal fluids associated with E-M Miocene andesitic volcaniclastic rocks and E-M Pliocene tonalite porphyry intrusion) Azeredo Leme, J. de & J. Bailim Pisarra (1962)- Notas sobre a geologia e a petrografia da ilha de Atauro (Timor portugues). In: Carrington da Costa Festschrift, p. 325-348. (Notes on the geology and petrography of Atauro island, N of Timor Leste. Composed of volcanic rocks and terraces of emergent coral reefs) Aziz, F., M.J. Morwood & G.D. van den Bergh (eds.) (2009)- Pleistocene geology, palaeontology and archaeology of the Soa Basin, Central Flores, Indonesia. Geol. Survey, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 36, 146p.


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(Geology and vertebrate paleontology of Soa Basin, Flores. Surrounded by volcanics. Late Pliocene andesitic volcanics, Pleistocene pumice tuff and lacustrine tuffaceous sediments with ‘island’ mammal faunas like giant tortoise, komodo dragon and pygmy Stegodon) Barbieri, F., B. Bigioggero, A. Boriani, M. Cattaneo, A. Cavallin et al. (1987)- The island of Sumbawa: a major structural discontinuity in the Indonesian Arc. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. 106, p. 547-620. (Multidisciplinary paper. Scarce sediments: thin E-M Miocene carbonates/clastics on older volcanics, overlain by Pliocene-Recent volcanics; 4 volcanic phases: pre-Early Burdigalian, Pliocene 4.9- 3.1 Ma, Pleistocene 1.81.1 Ma and Holocene (large Tambora caldera 43 ka)) Breen, N.A., E.A. Silver & S. Roof (1989)- The Wetar backthrust belt, eastern Indonesia: the effects of accretion against an irregularly shaped arc. Tectonics, 8, p. 85-98. (N-vergent thrust belt N of Wetar is result of Australia-Indonesian arc collision. Four main thrust segments: Wetar, Liran Atauro and Alor faults, probably controlled by presence of small rigid blocks in collision zone) Brouwer, H.A. (1919)- On the non-existence of active volcanoes between Pantar and Dammer (East Indian archipelago) in connection with the tectonic movements in this region. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 21, 2, p. 795-802. (Online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (Early paper noticing absence of active volcanism in Banda Arc N of Timor, between Alor-Wetar Romme, where non-volcanic outer arc is closest to volcanic inner arc. In plate tectonic terms it can be understood as locking of subduction zone after collision of Australian Plate and Banda Arc at Timor). Brouwer, H.A. (1938)- The tectonic evolution of the Lesser Sunda Islands near Australia. Quat. J. Geol. Soc. London 1349, p. 6Brouwer, H.A. (1939)- Exploration in the Lesser Sunda Islands. The Geographical J. 94, 1, p. 1-10. Brouwer, H.A. (1940)- Geological and petrological investigations on alkali and calc-alkali rocks of the islands Adonara, Lomblen and Batoe Tara. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands, II, Noord Hollandsche, Amsterdam, 94 p. Brouwer, H.A. (1942)- Granodioritic intrusions and their metamorphic aureoles in the Young-Tertiary of Central Flores. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 4, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 291-317. (Young granodioritic intrusions across Flores) Brouwer, H.A. (1943)- Leuciethoudende en leucietvrije gesteenten van den Soromandi op het eiland Soembawa. Versl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 52, p. 303-307. ('Leucite-bearing and leucite-free rocks of Soromandi volcano on Sumbawa island'. Descriptions and chemical compositions of young volcanic rocks of Soromandi volcano near N coast of Sumbawa) Brouwer, H.A. (1944)- Over vulkanische gesteenten van Oost-Flores. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 14 (Tesch volume), p. 95-103. (On young volcanic rocks from East Flores; mainly pyroxene andesites) Brouwer, H.A. (1954)- Evolution magmatique et tectonique des Petites Iles de la Sonde. C.R. Congres Geol. Int., Alger 1952, XV, XVII, p. 63-70. (‘Magmatic and tectonic evolution of the Lesser Sunda Islands’) Brune, S., S. Ladage, A.Y.Babeyko, C. Muller, H. Kopp & S.V. Sobolev (2009)- Submarine landslides at the eastern Sunda margin: observations and tsunami impact assessment. Natural Hazards 54, 2, 547-562. (online at: http://edoc.gfz-potsdam.de/gfz/get/14283/0/b800b700926b1f854f8f70c2e84b0c4a/14283.pdf) (New bathymetric data show six large submarine slides at E Sunda margin between C Java and Sumba. Volumes between 1 km³ in Java fore-arc basin up to 20 km³ at trench off Sumba and Sumbawa)


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Charlton, T.R. (1997)- Backthrusting on the BIRPS deep seismic reflection profiles, Banda Arc, Indonesia, a response to changing slab inclination? J. Geol. Soc. London 154, p.169-172. (BIRPS deep seismic profiles across Banda arc-continent collision complex indicate backthrusting in volcanic arc and between arc- forearc ridge. This differs from W Timor-Savu Sea and Tanimbar sectors of arc where backarc thrusting is absent and interarc region is extensional. Structural styles controlled by whether subducted slab is steepening or straightening through time. Straightening through buoyant post-collisional rebound induces extension normal to arc, steepening of slab is associated with arc-normal compression) Clode, C., J. Proffett, P. Mitchell & I. Munajat (1999)- Relationships of intrusion, wall-rock alteration and mineralisation in the Batu Hijau copper-gold porphyry deposit. In: G. Weber (ed.) Proc. PACRIM '99 Congress, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, 4-99, p. 485-498. (Batu Hijau world-class island arc porphyry copper-gold deposit in SW corner of Sumbawa, related to quartz veining and wall rock alteration associated with multiple tonalite porphyry intrusions. Island underlain by Early Tertiary low-K calc-alkaline volcanics and intrusives) Crostella, A. (1977)- Geosynclines and plate tectonics in Banda Arcs, Eastern Indonesia. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 61, 12, p. 2063-2061. (Obsolete ‘expanding earth/ geosynclinal’ tectonic model for Timor, Banda Arc) Curray, J.R., G.G. Shor, R.W. Raitt & M. Henry (1977)- Seismic refraction and reflection studies of crustal structure of the eastern Sunda and western Banda Arcs. J. Geoph. Res. 82, 17, p. 2497-2489. (Seismic refraction profiles S of C Java and Bali, in Flores, Banda and Arafura Seas and in Timor Trough. Outer ridge, along gravity minimum, consists primarily of sedimentary rocks, in N-dipping imbricate thrust sheets. Layer 2 jumps upward ~5 km under crest of ridge. From here to islands crust is probably oceanic but intermediate in thickness, probably thickened old oceanic crust and mantle trapped here by seaward jump in subduction zone in E Tertiary. N and E of Bali, behind volcanic arc, crustal structure intermediate between oceanic and continental. Farther E in Flores Basin thickness decreases, suggesting this is transitional edge of cratonization of Sunda Shelf, and typical thin oceanic crust is farther E in S Banda Sea) Das, S. (2004)- Seismicity gaps and the shape of the seismic zone in the Banda Sea region from relocated hypocenters. J. Geophys. Res. 109, B12303, 18p. (>800 relocated earthquakes >50 km deep along Banda arc. Distribution nonuniform, with gaps in hypocenters along depth in most places. Seismic zone between 129 -131°E and 100-200 km deep is widest along arc both in strike and downdip. This region, near highest arc curvature, has highest seismic activity and is only part of arc with continuous earthquakes down to >600 km. Very deep earthquakes under Sulawesi part of W-SW dipping Seram slab. In W-most part of Banda arc slab under downdip tension between 50–250 km, with deepest portion of slab under compression. From 128-131°E slab between 100-200 km under horizontal compression. Study supports “two-slab” model for Banda arc. Depth of Wadati-Benioff zone below volcanoes 60-100 km for five volcanoes between 128- 130°E and 150 km for 23 volcanoes between 118- 124°E) De Jong, J.D. (1941)- Geological investigations in West Wetar, Lirang and Solor (Eastern Lesser Soenda Islands). Thesis University of Amsterdam, 136 p. (Also in H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands, III, p. 241-380) (Reconnaissance of currently inactive islands of Sunda volcanic arc. Wetar composed of lavas, breccias and tuffs with intercalated Globigerina marls, probably submarine formations of Neogene age. Facies, raised coral reefs and a terrace at 820m suggests at least this amount of late uplift. Lirang Island different, with granodiorite and dacite, probably also Young Tertiary and possibly uplifted even more than Wetar. Solor multiple eroded volcanic complexes with pyroxene andesites and basalts, with raised coral reefs upto 180m) De Jong, J.D. (1942)- Hydrothermal metamorphism in the Lowo-Ria region, Central Flores. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 1937, 4, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 319-343.


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Drescher, F. (1921)- Eruptivgesteine der Insel Flores. Dissertation Univ. Basel, Stein (Argau), p. 1-49. ('Volcanic rocks from the island Flores') Edwards, C.M.H. (1990)- Petrogenesis of tholeiitic, calc alkaline and alkaline volcanic rocks, Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, p. 1-373. Ehrat, H. (1928)- Geologische mijnbouwkundige onderzoekingen op Flores. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. OostIndië (1925), Verh. II, p. 221-315. (Reconnaissance geological and mining investigations of Flores with 1:250k scale map of island. Mainly young andesitic volcanics. Oldest rocks exposed on NW Flores folded Miocene sediments, possibly 2000m thick, with locally thick Lepidocyclina limestone with interbedded volcanics and Globigerina marls) Ehrat, H. (1928)- Die Tiefengesteine der kleinen Sunda Inseln. Neues Jahrbuch Min., Geol. Pal., Abhandl., Beil. Band 58, A, 3, p. 433-452. ('The plutonic rocks of the Lesser Sunda islands'. Descriptions of granites, granodiorites, diorites, etc.) Elbert, J. (1911)- Meteorologische und geologische Untersuchungen auf der Insel Lombok. In: Die SundaExpedition des Vereins fur Geographie und Statistik zu Frankfurt am Main 1, p. 78-87 and 112-120. (‘Meteorological and geological investigations on Lombok Island’. On weather and Rinjani and Sembalun volcanic massifs. Lombok formations and mountain ranges similar to Java zones) Elbert, J. (1912)- Die geologisch-morphologischen Verhaltnisse der Insel Sumbawa. In: Die Sunda-Expedition des Vereins fur Geographie und Statistik zu Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, 2, p. 132-174. ('The geological- morphological relationships of Sumbawa island'. Mainly description of young volcanoes and volcano ruins) Elburg, M.A., J.D. Foden, M.J. van Bergen & I. Zulkarnain (2005)- Australia and Indonesia in collision: geochemical sources of magmatism. J. Volcan. Geotherm. Res. 140, p. 25-47. (Alor, Lirang, Wetar and Romang in extinct section of Sunda-Banda arc, where collision with Australia brought subduction to halt. Pb isotopes reflect mixing from subducting Australian crust) Elburg, M.A., V.S. Kamenetsky, J.D. Foden & A. Sobolev (2007)- The origin of medium-K ankaramitic arc magmas from Lombok (Sunda arc, Indonesia): mineral and melt inclusion evidence. Chem. Geol. 240, p. 260279. (Quaternary Rinjani basaltic lavas probably formed from water-poor, clinopyroxene-rich mantle source) Elburg, M.A., M.J. van Bergen & J.D. Foden (2004)- Subducted upper and lower continental crust contributes to magmatism in the collision sector of the Sunda-Banda arc, Indonesia. Geology 32, 1, p. 41-44. (Pb isotopes in igneous rocks from Banda-Sunda arc show increase in 206Pb/204Pb ratios toward zone of collision with Australian continent, reflecting input of subducted upper-crustal material. Maximum values coincide with anomalously radiogenic 3He/4He ratios, earlier attributed to involvement of continental margin. New interpretation does not call for involvement of ocean-island basalt (OIB)–type mantle or Australian subcontinental lithospheric mantle, as suggested previously) Elburg, M.A., M. van Bergen, J. Hoogewerff, J. Foden et al. (2002)- Geochemical trends across an arccontinent collision zone: magma sources and slab-wedge transfer processes below the Pantar Strait volcanoes, Indonesia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66, 15, p. 2771-2789. (Volcanoes in Pantar Strait (W part of extinct sector of E Sunda arc) across-arc variation in isotopic and trace element ratios best explained by modification of MORB-type source by subducted continental material (SCM). Frontal volcano highest proportion of fluid component. Source of rear-arc volcano influenced by partial melt of SCM that underwent previous dehydration event. Unique Pantar Strait volcanoes properties reflect magma generation where edge of Australian continent, rather than subducted sediment, contributes to magma source). Ely, K.S. (2006)- The rise of Atauro Island, Banda Arc, East Timor. AESC 2006, Melbourne, Abstract, 2p.


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(Quaternary coral uplifted to ~700 m above sea level on Atauro. Brecciated dacite lavas dominate most of island; SW part of island contemporaneous basaltic andesite lavas. Volcanism ceased at ~3 Ma, linked to collision and end of subduction) Ely, K.S., M. Sandiford, M.L. Hawke, D. Phillips, M. Quigley & J.E. dos Reis (2011)- Evolution of Atauro Island: temporal constraints on subduction processes beneath the Wetar zone, Banda Arc. J. Asian Earth Sci. 41, 6, p. 477-493. (Atauro island in Banda Arc N of Timor. Bi-modal subaqueous volcanism with basaltic andesite and daciterhyolite continued until 3.3 Ma, followed by uplift of coral reef terraces to 700m elevation. Continuity of terraces at constant elevations reflects regional-scale uplift, most likely linked to slab detachment. Subduction of Australian lithosphere until near 3.3 Ma consistent with extent of Wetar seismic gap to depth of 350 km, suggesting slab breakoff started at 4 Ma) Eva, C., M. Cattaneo & F. Merlanti (1988)- Seismotectonics of the central segment of the Indonesian Arc. Tectonophysics 146, 1-4, p. 241-259. (On seismicity between 110° and 126° (E Java- W Timor). Sumbawa-Flores-Wetar sector different from adjacent sectors) Farmer, F. (2011)- Wetar copper project: a bugs life- 5 million years and counting? Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv. Exh., Makassar, 14p. (Wetar comprises Miocene-Pliocene lavas (incl. pillow basalts), overlain by Pliocene deep marine Globigerina limestone and Quaternary dacitic-andesitic volcanics. Hydrothermally altered andesite lavas and basalts are host to economic mineralization. Deposits at Kali Kuning, Lerokis and Meron characterized by Au-Ag bearing unconsolidated barite sands onlapping pyritic massive sulphide mounds with Cu-Zn-Pb) Fiorentini, M.L. & S.L. Garwin (2010)- Evidence of a mantle contribution in the genesis of magmatic rocks from the Neogene Batu Hijau district in the Sunda Arc, South Western Sumbawa, Indonesia. Contrib Mineral. Petrol. 159, p. 819-837. (Sumbawa consists of E Miocene-Holocene volcanic arc succession built on oceanic crust adjacent to Sunda continental shelf margin. Low-K calc-alkaline magmatic suite of Sunda arc in Batu Hijau district, Sumbawa, with juvenile signature and minimal involvement of sediment component in arc petrogenesis. Arc-transverse fault system facilitated rise of asthenosphere-derived melts above kink, or tear, in subducting Indian Ocean Plate under Sunda arc. De-hydrogenation of tonalite plutons may have been crucial to genesis of Cu-Au porphyry mineralization and development of Pliocene Batu Hijau deposit) Franchino, A., E. Bellini & A. Brizio (1988)- Geological notes on the age of the limestones of the Island of. Lombok. Indonesia. Mem. Sci. Geol. 40, p. 335-368. Garwin, S.L. (2000)- The setting, geometry and timing of intrusion-related hydrothermal systems in the vicinity of the Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit, Sumbawa, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Western Australia, Nedlands, p. 1-320 (~1500m thick E-M Miocene low-K calc-alkaline andesitic volcanoclastics of Sunda-Banda arc, with thin limestone interbeds, and cut by several phases of Mio-Pliocene intrusions. Sumbawa segment of arc overlies oceanic crust. Felsic magmatism and related hydrothermal systems between ~7.1- 3.7 Ma probably related to collision with microcontinent or leading edge of Australian Shelf and Banda Arc near Timor. Subduction of buoyant Roo Rise oceanic plateau, S of Sumbawa, inferred to have caused kink or tear in down-going slab, which enhanced delivery of mantle-derived melts to overlying arc) Garwin, S. (2002)- The geologic setting of intrusion-related hydrothermal systems near the Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit, Sumbawa, Indonesia. In: R.J. Goldfarb & R.L. Nielsen (eds.) Global Exploration in the 21st Century, Soc. Econ. Geol. Spec. Publ. 9, p. 333-366.


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Garwin, S.L. & Herryansyah (1992)- Geological setting, style and exploration of gold-silver mineralisation on Romang Island, Moluccas province, East Indonesia. In: M. Simatupang & N. Wahju Beni (eds.) Indonesian mineral development 1992, Indonesian Mining Association, p. 258-274. Gregory J.W. (1923)- The Banda Arc: its structure and geographical relations. The Geograph. J. 62, p. 20-30. (Early overview of geology of Banda islands) Guzman-Speziale, M. & J.F. Ni (1996)- Seismicity and active tectonics of the Western Sunda Arc. In: A. Yin & M. Harrison (eds.) The tectonic evolution of Asia, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 63-84. Hantoro, W.S. P.A. Pirazzoli, C. Jouannic, H. Faure, C.T. Hoang, U. Radtke, C. Causse et al. (1994)Quaternary uplifted coral reef terraces on Alor Island, East Indonesia. Coral Reefs 13, 4, p. 215-223. (Alor, in Banda Arc N of Timor, has six major coral reef terraces, up to 700 m in altitude. Radiometric dates of terraces correspond to Holocene oxygen-isotope stages 5c, 5e and 7. Mean rate of uplift 1.0–1.2 mm/y. Extrapolation to whole sequence of terraces reveals good correlation between major terraces and interglacial stages corresponding to up to oxygen isotope stage 13) Heering, J. (1942)- Geological investigations in East Wetar, Alor and Poera Besar. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 4, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 1-129. Hendaryono (1998)- Contribution a l’etude geologique de l’ile de Flores. Doct. Thesis Univ. de Savoie, Chambery, 200 p. (Abstract at http://edytem.univ-savoie.fr/archives/lgham/hendaryono-r-eng.html) (‘Contribution to the geological study of Flores island’. Flores has 13 active volcanoes. Two cycles of volcanism Oldest exposed lavas Late Oligocene (radiometric age 25.7-27.7 Ma), 17 other lavas with MiddleLate Miocene ages between 16-8.4 Ma. Latest Miocene- Quaternary calc-alkaline andesites-dacites (6.7-1.2 Ma) in S coastal areas. Associated sediments with reworked microfaunas. From base to top: turbiditic tuffaceous M Miocene Nangapanda Fm, M-U Miocene Bari Fm reef limestone, Upper Miocene Laka Fm chalky tuffaceous beds with pumice) Hendaryono, J.P. Rampnoux, H. Bellon, R.C. Maury, C.I. Abdullah & R. Soeria-Atmadja (2001)- New data on the geology and geodynamics of Flores Island. Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 30th IAGI and 10th GEOSEA Reg. Congr., Yogyakarta, p. 195-199. (Extended Abstract) Herman, D.Z. (2008)- Mineralisasi pada batuan induk batugamping di daerah Lepadi, Dompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat. J. Geologi Indon. 3, 3, p. 175-182. (‘Mineralization in limestone rocks near Lepadi, Dompu’ (Sumbawa). Limestones (supposedly Miocene age and looking like pelagic biomicrite and associated with Miocene volcanics) with hydrothermal quartz veins with galena and other metallic minerals) Herrington, R.J., P.M. Scotney, S. Roberts, A.J. Boyce & D. Harrison (2011)- Temporal association of arc– continent collision, progressive magma contamination in arc volcanism and formation of gold-rich massive sulphide deposits on Wetar Island (Banda arc). Gondwana Res. 19, 3, p. 583-593. (87Sr/86Sr and δ18O analyses of volcanic rocks and 3He/4He analyses of sulphides- sulphates from mineralized rocks on Wetar indicate variable contribution of assimilated crustal material or sediment sourced from subducted Australian craton. Wetar Island most crustal assimilation in region. Progressive increase in continental contamination in Pliocene during distinct magmatic events between 5 and 4 Ma, and at 2.4 Ma. Earlier of magmatic events is important in mineralization on Wetar. Later magmatic event coincides with arrival of Australian Continental Margin at subduction zone along Banda arc) Hunerwadel, F.M. (1921)- Die Eruptivgesteine von Nord-Mittel Soembawa (Niederlandisch-Indien). Inaug. Dissert. Universitat Basel, p. 1-28. ('The volcanic rocks of North-Central Sumbawa'. Descriptions of andesites, dacites, basalts collected by Pannekoek van Rheden)


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Idrus, A. (2006)- P.T conditions and oxygen fugacity of the intrusion emplacement at the Batu Hijau porphyry copper gold deposit, Sumbawa Island: a constraint from geothermobarometric data. Media Teknik (UGM) 28, 2, p. 11- 18 (Large Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit in SW Sumbawa. Tonalite porphyries emplaced at~5.5 km depth (764°C, 1.5 kbar). Hornblende and plagioclase crystallised at 540°C. Uplift rate since 3.7 Ma about 1.2 mm/yr) Idrus, A., L. Kolb & F.M. Meyer (2006)- Physicochemistry and evolution of ore-related hydrothermal fluids at the Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit: a constraint from mineral composition and microthermometry. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, 15p. Idrus, A., L. Kolb & F.M. Meyer (2007)- Chemical composition of rock-forming minerals in copper-goldbearing tonalite porphyry intrusions at the Batu Hijau deposit, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia: implications for crystallisation conditions and fluorine-chlorine fugacity. Resource Geol. 57, 2, p. 102-113. Idrus, A., L. Kolb, F.M Meyer, J. Arif, D. Setyandhaka & S. Keply (2009)- A preliminary study on skarnrelated calcsilicate rocks associated with the Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Resource Geol. 59, 3, p. 295-306. Iksan Bin Matrais, D. Pfeiffer, R. Soekardi & L.W. Stach (1972)- Hydrogeology of the island of Lombok. Beih. Geol. Jahrbuch, 123, p. 1-23. (Summary of 1969-1970 hydrogeological survey of Lombok. S Lombok mainly E Miocene ('Old Andesite') andesite-dacite volcanics, overlain by 150m of S-dipping U Miocene limestones. Mainly Quaternary volcanics in northern mountains. With 1:400k scale hydrogeologic map) Imai, A. & S. Ohno (2005)- Primary ore mineral assemblage and fluid inclusion study of the Batu Hijau Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Sumbawa, Indonesia. Resource Geol. 55, 3, p. 239-248. (Batu Hijau porphyry Cu-Au deposit associated with tonalitic intrusive complex. Bornite and chalcopyrite are major copper ore minerals associated with quartz veinlets. Temperature and pressure during hydrothermal activity at Batu Hijau deposit ~ 300 °C and 50 bars) Irianto, B. & G.H. Clark (1995)- The Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. In: J.L. Mauk & J.D. St. George (eds.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congr. 95, Auckland 1995, Australasian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Publ. Ser. 9-95, p. 299-304. Johnstone, R.D. (2005)- Contrasting geothermal fields along the magmatic Banda Arc, Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Proc. World Geothermal Congr., Antalya, Turkey, 2005, 8 p. (online at http://iga.igg.cnr.it/geoworld/pdf/WGC/2005/0627.pdf) Koesoemadinata, S., Y. Noya & D. Kadarusman (1994)- Geological map of the Ruteng Quadrangle, Nusa Tenggara, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (Western Flores Island map. Among oldest formations is M Miocene Nangapanda Fm, >1000m thick, mainly pelagic clastics at base, sands and limestones towards top (~16.2-10.2 Ma; Muraoka et al. 2002). Unconformably overlain by Late Miocene- Pliocene Waihekang tuffaceous sediments and Wangka Andesite (KAr ages 4.13, 2.96 Ma; Muraoka et al. 2002) Komazawa, M., K. Matsukubo, Z. Nasution & Sundhoro (2002)- Gravity anomalies of the central Flores Island, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan 53, p. 231-238. Kusnida, D. (2001)- Results of a marine geophysical survey in the Bali basin, Indonesia. In: Proc. CCOP 37th Ann. Sess. Bangkok 2000, 2, Techn. Repts., p. 122-128. (Marine geophysical survey in deep water Bali Basin, between East Java and Flores basins. Back arc basin developed on SE Sunda shelf margin, underlain by thinned transitional to continental like crusts. Present


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tectonic activity governed by Late Pliocene collision of Indian-Australian and Eurasian plates. Three Late Pliocene-Recent deep-water seismostratigraphic sequences, probably indicating three stages of differential tectonic uplift of surrounding highs) Kusnida, D., M.E.R. Suparka & M.I.T. Taib (2000)- Basement rocks interpretation of the Bali backarc basin: deduced from marine geomagnetic data. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 4, p. 227-234. (Marine magnetic survey data from deep basin N of Bali-Lombok suggest thin oceanic or transitional crust) Kusnida, D., M.T. Zen, M.I.T. Taib & M. Bayuargo (2000)- A preliminary appraisal of the magnetic anomalies over the Bali backarc basin- Indonesia. Proc. 36th Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Hanoi 1999, p. 73-81. (Marine geomagnetic survey data from deep water Bali backarc basin N of Bali and Madura Straits show different character. Madura Straits and Madura-Kangean high total magnetic intensity anomalies and underlain by dioritic rocks, Bali Basin low magnetic intensity and interpreted to be underlain by basaltic rocks) Luschen, E., C. Muller, H. Kopp, M. Engels, R. Lutz, L. Planert, A. Shulgin & Y.S. Djajadihardja (2011)Structure, evolution and tectonic activity of the eastern Sunda forearc, Indonesia, from marine seismic investigations. Tectonophysics 508, p. 6-21. (Study of forearc structures of E Sunda Arc. Seismic profiles show high along-strike variability of subducting oceanic plate, accretionary wedge, outer arc high, forearc basins, etc.. Images of large-scale duplex formation of oceanic crust and mud diapyrs. Wrench fault system in E Lombok forearc basin decouples subduction regime of Sunda Arc from continent-island arc collision regime of W Banda Arc) Mangga, S.A., S. Atmawinata, B. Hermanto & T.C. Amin (1994)- Geologic map of Lombok, Nusatenggara, sheet 1807. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Maula, S. & B.K. Levet (1996)- Porphyry copper-gold signatures and the discovery of the Batu Hijau deposit, Sumbawa, Indonesia. In: Australian Mineral Foundation (eds.) Proc. Conf. on Porphyry-related copper and gold deposits of the Asia Pacific Region, Cairns 1996, p. 8.1-8.13. McBride, J.H. (1987)- Arc-continent collision in the Banda Arc: new gravity observations integrated with geological and geophysical data. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 887-890. (New marine gravity data and gravity models of transect across Timor- Savu Sea. Main issue is major negative anomaly over Savu Sea) McBride, J.H. & D.E. Karig (1987)- Crustal structure of the outer Banda Arc; new free-air gravity evidence. Tectonophysics 140, p. 265-273. (Gravity analysis of Timor- Sumba region. Mass deficit below Savu Sea may be subducted lighter continental crust, downward flexing of upper crustal plate in forearc area or anomalous low-density upper mantle. Gravity high over N Sumba Ridge in Savu Sea may be E-M Tertiary volcanic arc between present arc and Timor. Crust under N Savu Basin appears nearly oceanic, but thickens beneath modern arc) McCaffrey, R. (1988)- Active tectonics of the eastern Sunda and Banda arcs. J. Geoph. Res. 93, p. 1516315182. (E Sunda arc and S Banda arc and forearc respond to collision by shortening in direction of convergence, elongating normal to convergence, and thrusting over back arc basin. Shallow thrust and strike-slip earthquakes beneath Banda Basin demonstrate deformation in back arc accommodating some of N-ward motion of Australia. N-S shortening of upper plate near Timor ~20% of predicted Australia- SE Asia convergence. Strike-slip faulting in Banda Basin results in E-ward motion of Banda arc, with thrusting at Aru Trough. Weber forearc Basin on subducting lithosphere, without intervening asthenosphere, so subsides in response to sinking of subducting lithosphere. Bird's Head subducts beneath Seram, is decoupled from Australian plate in W New Guinea and probably moves W or SW with respect to Australia.)


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McCaffrey, R. (1989)- Seismological constraints and speculations on Banda Arc tectonics. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2/3, p. 141-152. (Shallow earthquakes show collision of Australian continent- Banda Arc shortens overriding Indonesian plate in N-S and elongates it in E-W direction by strike-slip and thrust faulting. Two plates subduct beneath Banda Arc: Australia-Indian Ocean plate N-ward and Bird's Head SW-ward. Bird's Head subducted lithosphere beneath Seram Trough now reaches 300 km depth. At surface decoupling between Australia and Bird's Head probably by left-lateral strike slip at Tarera-Aiduna fault zone and convergence in New Guinea fold-and-thrust belt. Seismic quiescence at 50- 380 km beneath both Timor may result from removal of part of Australian continental crust prior to subduction of lower lithosphere; crust stacked up to form Timor Island) McCaffrey, R., P. Molnar & W. Roecker (1985)- Microearthquake seismicity and fault plane solutions related to arc-continent collision in the eastern Sunda arc. J. Geophys. Res. B6, p. 4511-4528. (Microearthquakes used to model subducting Australian continental plate under Timor. Suggest leading edge of Australian continental lithosphere now at 150 km depth) McCaffrey, R. & J. Nabelek (1984)- The geometry of backarc thrusting along the eastern Sunda arc, Indonesia: constraints from earthquake and gravity data. J. Geophys. Res. 89, B7, p. 6171-6179. (1978 earthquake N of Flores first seismic evidence for active backarc thrusting behind E Sunda arc) McCaffrey, R. & J. Nabelek (1986)- Seismological evidence for shallow thrusting north of the Timor Trough. Geoph. J. Roy. Astr. Soc. 85, p. 365-381. (Earthquakes N of C Timor indicate thrusting at 10 km below sea-level, along S- dipping plane. Most seismic energy released by Australia- Sunda arc collision generated by faulting within overriding plate. Most of convergence between plates accommodated by thrusting of Banda Sea marginal basin S-ward beneath arc and present geometry represents initial stage of reversal of arc polarity) McCaffrey R. & J. Nabelek (1987)- Earthquakes, gravity, and the origin of the Bali Basin: an example of a nascent continental fold-and-thrust belt. J. Geophys. Res. p. 441-459. (Bali Basin is downwarp in Sunda Shelf crust produced by thrusting along Flores back-arc zone: early foreland flanked by Tertiary Java Basin to W and oceanic Flores Basin to E) Meldrum, S.J., R.S. Aquino, R.I. Gonzales, R.J. Burke et al. (1994)- The Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. In: T.M. van Leeuwen et al. (eds.) Mineral deposits in Indonesia, Discoveries of the Past 25 years. J. Geochem. Expl. 50, p. 203-220. (Batu Hijau porphyry in SW Sumbawa world-class porphyry Cu deposit in island arc setting. Mineralisation hosted in a tonalite intrusive complex, and diorite and metavolcanic wallrocks. Not much on regional geology) Monk, K.A., Y. de Fretes & G. Reksodiharjo-Lilley (1997)- The ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. The Ecology of Indonesia 5, Periplus Editions, Singapore, 966 p. Muller, C., U. Barckhausen, A. Ehrhardt, M. Engels, C. Gaedicke et al. (2008)- From subduction to collision; the Sunda-Banda Arc transition. Eos Trans. American Geophysical Union 89, 6, p. 49-50. Muraoka, H. & A. Nasution (2004)- En echelon volcanic arc as a key to recognize mantle diapirs in the Lesser Sunda Arc, Eastern Indonesia. J. Geotherm. Res. Soc. Japan 26, 3, p. 237-249. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (In Japanese with English summary) (Flores to Alor segment of Lesser Sunda arc characterized by en echelon shaped volcanic islands, reflecting NNW-SSE left-lateral shear between N-moving Australian continent in East and relatively fixed Sundaland in West. Each element of 'en echelon volcanic islands is elongated dome consisting of anticline of volcanic basement units and rows of young volcanoes. Coexistence of both structures in same area can be explained when mantle diapirs are assumed)


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Muraoka, H., A. Nasution, J. Simanjuntak, S. Dwipa, M. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, K. Matsuda & Y. Sueyoshi (2005)- Geology and geothermal systems in the Bajawa volcanic rift zone, Flores, Eastern Indonesia. In: Proc. World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 13p. (Regional setting of Bajawa geothermal field, Flores, characterized by NNW-SSE left-lateral shear between Nmoving Australia continent in E and relatively stable Sundaland continent in W, creating inner Lesser Sunda volcanic arc of en echelon volcanic islands. En echelon elementa are ENE-WSW trending elongated domes, ~90 x 30 km area, composed of anticlinal culmination of cluster of young volcanoes. Oldest exposed unit is M Miocene (~16.2-10.2 Ma) Nangapanda Fm submarine clastics, chert, limestone and pumice tuff. After hiatus subaerial volcanism of Wangka Andesite and Maumbawa Basalt at 4-3 Ma. Bajawa volcanic rift zone 60 monogenetic breccia cone volcanoes) Muraoka, H., A. Nasution, M. Urai, M. Takahashi & I. Takashima (2002)- Geochemistry of volcanic rocks in the Bajawa geothermal field, central Flores, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Survey Japan 53, p. 147-159. Muraoka, H., A. Nasution, M. Urai, M. Takahashi, I. Takashima, J. Simandjuntak, H. Sundhoro, D. Aswin et al. (2002)- Tectonic, volcanic and stratigraphic geology of the Bajawa geothermal field, Central Flores, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Survey Japan 53, p.109-138. (Evaluation of geothermal resources around Bajawa, Flores. Since 4 Ma, volcanic activity in C Flores and S coast. 800 m uplift in both terranes in past 2.5 million years. Bajawa Cinder Cone Complex more than 60 cones aligned 20 km along NNW-SSE trending Bajawa rift zone rift zone, which formed after 0.8 Ma, related to leftlateral shear between N- moving Australian accretion block in E and relatively fixed Sundaland block in W) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1928)- Over den ouderdom der intrusie-gesteenten van Flores. De Mijningenieur 9, p. ('On the age of the intrusive rocks of Flores') Nebel, O., P.Z. Vroon, W. van Westrenen, T. Iizuka & G.R. Davies (2011)- The effect of sediment recycling in subduction zones on the Hf isotope character of new arc crust, Banda arc, Indonesia. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters 303, p. 240-250. (Banda Arc systematic decrease in Hf–Nd isotopes infers along-arc increase in involvement of subducted continental material in arc magma source from <2% in NE to >2% in SW) Nishimura, S., Y. Otofuji, T. Ikeda, E. Abe, T. Yokoyama, Y. Kobayashi, S. Hadiwisastra, J. Sopaheluwakan & F. Hehuwat (1981)- Physical geology of the Sumba, Sumbawa and Flores islands. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiriyusono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 105-113. (Evidence of Early Miocene ‘Old andesite’ arc volcanics from 19 +/- 2 Ma zircon fission track age in Kiro Fm andesite of E Flores. Imply presence of Jurassic mudstones on Sumba without mentioning evidence to support this age. Paleomag data from Sumba suggests 60° CW rotation of Sumba between Jurassic-Miocene) Noya, Y., G. Burhan & S. Koesoemadinata (1993)- Geology of the Alor and West Wetar quadrangle, Nusa Tenggara. 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Noya, Y. & S. Koesoemadinata (1990)- Geology of the Lomblen quadrangle, East Nusatenggara. 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. O’Sullivan, P.B., M. Morwood, D. Hobbs, F. Aziz, Suminto, M. Situmorang, A. Raza & R. Maas (2001)Archaeological implications of the geology and chronology of the Soa Basin, Flores, Indonesia. Geology 29, p. 607-610. (Zircon fission-track dates of tuffaceous deposits associated with stone artifacts attributed to Homo erectus in Soa lacustrine basin on Flores indicate early hominids must have begun colonizing E Indonesia by ~840 ka) Pannekoek van Rheden, J.J. (1912)- Eenige geologische gegevens omtrent het eiland Flores. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 39 (1910), Verhand., p. 132-138.


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(‘Some geologic data on Flores Island’. Brief visit noticed volcanoes, young coral limestone terraces up to 5080m above sea level and fossiliferous marls and tuffs of unspecified age) Pannekoek van Rheden, J.J. (1913)- Overzicht van de geographische en geologische gegevens, verkregen bij de mijnbouwkundig-geologische verkenning van het eiland Flores in 1910 en 1911. Jaarboek. Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie. 40 (1911), Verhand., p. 208-226. (Reconnaissance geological/ mining survey of Flores Island) Pannekoek van Rheden, J.J. (1915)- Voorloopige mededeelingen over de geologie van Soembawa. Jaarboek. Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie (1913), Verhand., p. 15-21. (‘Preliminary notes on the geology of Sumbawa’. Mainly young volcanics. Also older volcanics with associated sandstones and limestones, suggested to be of Miocene age by Elbert) Pannekoek van Rheden, J.J. (1918)- Geologische Notizen uber die Halbinsel Sanggar, Insel Soembawa (Niederländisch-Ost-Indien). Zeitschr. fur Vulkanologie 4, p. 85-192. (‘Geological notes on the Sanggar Peninsula, Sumbawa Island’) Pannekoek van Rheden, J.J. (1920)- Einige Notizen uber die Vulkane auf der Insel Flores. Zeitschr. Fur Vulkanologie 5, p. 109-163. (‘Some notes on the volcanoes of Flores island’) Planert, L., H. Kopp, E. Lueschen, C. Mueller, E.R. Flueh, A. Shulgin, Y. Djajadihardja & A. Krabbenhoeft (2010)- Lower plate structure and upper plate deformational segmentation at the Sunda-Banda arc transition, Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res. 115, B8, p. 1-25. (On effects of lower plate variability on upper plate deformational segmentation at Sunda-Banda arc transition. Incoming plate 8.6-9.0 km thick oceanic crust, progressively faulted and altered when approaching trench. Oceanic slab can be traced over 70-100 km beneath fore arc. Shallow serpentinized mantle wedge at ~16 km depth offshore Lombok is absent offshore Sumba) Poorter, R.P.E. (1989)- Geochemistry of hot springs and fumarolic gases from the Banda arc. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 323-331. Poorter, R.P.E., R. Kreulen, J.C. Varekamp, R.J. Poreda & M.J. Van Bergen (1991)- Chemical and isotopic compositions of volcanic gases from the East Sunda and Banda arcs, Indonesia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 12, p. 3795-3807. (E Sunda Arc and Banda Arc represent continent-arc collision zone, with magma genesis influenced by subducted continent-derived material. Volcanic gases provide information on sources of volatiles in arc magmas. Abundant He and high He/Ar ratios consistent with subduction of terrigenous components in local sediments (or slivers of continental crust)) Prasetyo, H. & B. Dwiyanto (1986)- Single channel seismic reflection study of the Eastern Sunda backarc basin, North Central Flores, Indonesia. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 2, 1, p. 3-11. Pratomo, I. & H. Rachmat (2011)- ‘Fosil’ gunungapi bawah laut, Tanjung Aan- Kuta, Lombok Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-218, 9p. ('Fossil submarine volcano, Kuta, S Lombok'. Submarine volcanic edifice recognized in Late Oligocene- E Miocene 'Old andesite' Pengulung Fm at S coast of Lombok) Priowasono, E. & A. Maryono (2002)- Structural analysis of the porphyry Cu-Au deposit and the impacts on mining at Batu Hijau, Sumbawa, Indonesia. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Surabaya, p. 193-205. Puspito, N.T. & K. Shimazaki (1995)- Mantle structure and seismotectonics of the Sunda and Banda arcs. Tectonophysics 251, p. 215-228.


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(P-wave tomography and earthquake focal points show subducted slab down to ~500 km below W Sunda Arc, but no seismicity >250 km. In E Sunda arc seismic gap between 300 -500 km, but slab continuous into lower mantle. Banda arc seismicity down to ~650 km, slab dips gently and does not penetrate into lower mantle. Positive gravity anomaly along E Sunda arc larger than in W Sunda and Banda arcs. Along back-arc side of Sunda and Banda arcs, heat flow decreases from W to E. W Sunda Arc characterized by normal earthquakes along trench and back-arc thrust earthquakes N of volcanic line. In W and E Sunda arcs down-dip extensional earthquakes dominant down to 200 km, down-dip compression earthquakes below 500 km. Banda arc deep earthquakes extensional to 500 km; deeper state of stress not clearly defined) Rack, G. (1912)- Petrographische Untersuchungen an Ergussgesteinen von Soembawa und Flores. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal., Beil. Band 34, p. 42-84. ('Petrographic studies on volcanic rocks of Sumbawa and Flores'. Descriptions of rocks collected by Elbert 1909-1910: andesites, dacites, leucite tephrite) Ratman, N. & F. Agustin (2005)- Stratigrafi daerah Sumbawa Besar dan sekitarnya, Sumbawa. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 15. 4, p. 3-16. ('Stratigraphy of the Sumbawa Besar area and surroundings'. Rocks range in age from E Miocene- Holocene. E-M Miocene Pontotanu Fm volcanics interfinger with Airbeling Fm clastics and Batutering Fm limestone. Three formations unconformably overlain by Mio-Pliocene Parateh Fm tuffs and Plio-Pleistocene Moyo Fm coralline limestone. M Miocene andesite intrusions and basalt. All units overlain by Quarternary volcanics) Ratman, N. & I. Pratomo (2001)- Geologi Gili Trawangan, Gili Meon dan Gili Air (Nongol) lepas pantai barat laut P. Lombok. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 122, p. 2- . (Geology of 'Gili' islands off W coast of Lombok) Ratman, N. & I. Pratomo (2002)- Tinjauan kembali stratigrafi Tersier, P. Lombok bagian selatan. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 12, 127, p. 2- . ('Review of the Tertiary stratigraphy of the southern part of Lombok island'. Early Miocene- Holocene clastics, limestones and volcanics) Ratman, N. & A. Yasin (1978)- Geologic map Komodo sheet, Nusatenggara, 1: 250 000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Scotney P.M. (2002)- The geology and genesis of massive sulphide, barite-gold deposits on Wetar Island, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southampton, 220p. Scotney, P.M, S. Roberts, R.J. Herrington, A.J. Boyce & R. Burgess (2005)- The development of volcanic hosted massive sulfide and barite-gold orebodies on Wetar Island, Indonesia. Mineral. Deposita 40, 1, p. 76-99. (Wetar Island, Banda Arc, composed of Neogene volcanic rocks and minor oceanic sediments. Wetar volcanic edifice formed at ~12 Ma by extensive rifting and associated volcanism within oceanic crust. Youngest dated volcanic rock is dacite of ~2. 4 Ma. Precious metal-rich volcanogenic massive sulfide (mainly pyrite) and barite deposits produced ~17 tonnes of gold. Ages of hydrothermal alteration around orebodies ~4.7-4.9 Ma. Sr isotopes of unaltered volcanic rocks suggest contributions from subducted continental material. Mineral deposits formed on flanks of volcanic edifice at water depth of ~2 km. Orebodies covered by post-mineralization cherts, gypsum, Globigerina- limestone, lahars, subaqueous debris flows and pyroclastics) Self, S., M.R. Rampino, M.S. Newton & J.A. Wolff (1984)- Volcanological study of the great Tambora eruption of 1815. Geology 12, 11, p. 659-663. Setyandhaka, D. & J. Arif (2006)- Characteristics of the root of Cu-Au porphyry system: results of study from Batu Hijau Cu-Au porphyry deposit. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, 11p. Setyandhaka, D., J. Proffett, S. Kepli & J. Arif (2008)- Skarn mineralization in Batu Hijau Cu-Au porpyry system. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 664-671.


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(Sumbawa Batu Hijau deposit classic Cu-Au porphyry system. Several intervals of calc-silicate rock and skarn interbedded with volcanics. Potential to find significant skarn-type mineralizations) Sewell, D.M. & C.J.V. Wheatley (1994)- Integrated exploration success for gold at Wetar, Indonesia. In: T.M. van Leeuwen et al. (eds.) Mineral deposits of Indonesia; discoveries of the past 25 years, J. Geochem. Expl. 50, 1-3, p. 337-350. (Wetar island gold discovery. Most significant Au values associated with barite-rich rocks in basinal structures) Sewell, D.M. & C.J.V. Wheatley (1994)- The Lerokis and Kali Kuning submarine exhalative gold-silver-barite deposits, Wetar Island, Maluku, Indonesia. In: T.M. van Leeuwen et al. (eds.) Mineral deposits of Indonesia; discoveries of the past 25 years, J. Geochem. Expl. 50, 1-3, p. 351-370. (Wetar Island (Banda Arc, N of Timor) composed of submarine volcanics, with oldest exposed rocks dated at 12 Ma. Basaltic andesite pillow lavas and volcaniclastics overlain by felsic volcanics and sediments. Gold-silver mineralization on N coast in stratiform barite sand, clay or silt. Sediments underlain by Cu-rich pyrite in volcanic breccias and overlain by limestone dated at ~4 Ma. Formed in submarine volcanic environment at 600m water depth in sea floor caldera. Now at 400m asl, suggesting 1000m of young uplift) Shulgin, A., H. Kopp, C. Muller, E. Lueschen, L. Planert, M. Engels, E.R.Flueh, A. Krabbenhoeft & Y. Djajadihardja (2009)- Sunda-Banda arc transition: incipient continent-island arc collision (northwest Australia). Geoph. Res. Lett. 36, L10304, p. 1-6. (E Sunda arc in early stages of continent-arc collision. Australian margin colliding with Banda island arc, causes back arc thrusting. New composite structural model reveals deep geometry of collision zone. Changes in crustal structure encompass 10-12 km thick Australian basement in S and 22-24 km thick Sumba ridge in N, where backthrusting of 130 km wide accretionary prism is documented) Silitonga, F. (1994)- Gravity profiles of the back arc thrust zone, north offshore Sumbawa, Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 30th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prospecting Mineral Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bali 1993, 2, p. 33-42. (Major linear gravity low N of Sumbawa modeled as backarc accretionary prism, possibly with common shale diapyrism, on oceanic crust) Silver, E.A., N.A. Breen, H. Prasetyo & D.M. Hussong (1986)- Multibeam study of the Flores backarc thrust belt, Indonesia. J. Geoph. Res. 91, B3, p. 3489-3500. (SeaMARC II seafloor bathymetry and seismic reflection profiles used to map segment of Flores back arc thrust zone. Mud diapirs formed throughout accretionary wedge, but concentrated at ends of thrust faults. Overall orientation of deformation front of accretionary wedge is 100°) Silver, E.A., D. Reed, R. McCaffrey & Y. Joyodiwiryo (1983)- Back arc thrusting in the eastern Sunda Arc, Indonesia: a consequence of arc-collision. J. Geophys. Res. 88, p. 7492-7448. (Eastern Sunda arc backarc dominated by 2 large N-directed thrusts, Wetar and Flores thrusts, which may represent early stages of subduction polarity reversal. Mechanism of backarc thrusting not clear) Simon, A. (1913)- Beitrage zur Petrographie der kleinen Sunda-Inseln Lombok und Wetar. Dissertation Marburg, p. 1-74. ('Contributions to the petrography of the Lesser Sunda islands Lombok and Wetar'. Petrography of volcanic rocks collected by 1909-1910 Sunda-expedition of Elbert) Soepri, W., P.A. Pirazzoli, C. Jouannic, H. Faure et al. (1992)- Differential vertical movement along the SundaBanda arc, Indonesia. In: M. Flower, R. McCabe & T. Hilde (eds.) Symposium Southeast Asia structure, tectonics and magmatism, Texas A&M, College Station, 3p. (Extended abstract only) Soeprihantoro, W. (1992)- Etude des terrasses recifales Quaternaires soulevees entre le detroit de la Sonde et l'ile Timor, Indonesie; mouvements verticaux de la croute terrestre et variations du niveau de la mer. Doct. Thesis University Aix-Marseille II, 922p.


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(Study of the uplifted Quaternary reef terraces between Sunda Strait and Timor island; vertical movements of earth crust and variations of sea level') Soeria Atmadja, R., Y. Sunarya, Sutanto & Hendaryono (2001)- Epithermal gold-copper mineralization, Late Neogene calc-alkaline to potassic calc-alkaline magmatism and crustal extension in the Sunda-Banda Arc. In: G.H. Teh et al. (eds.) Proc. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Ann. Geol. Conf. 20, p. 39-46. (Majority of gold-copper mineralization along Sunda-Banda arc low-sulfidation epithermal, related to Late Neogene fine silicic pyroclastics of calc-alkaline to potassic calc-alkaline affinity) Stothers, R.B. (1984)- The Great Tambora eruption in 1815 and its aftermath. Science 224, p. 1191-1198. Sudijono (1997)- On the age of the limestone in the island of Lombok, West Nusatenggara. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 7, 72, p. 14-34. (Biostratigraphy of limestones in S mountains of Lombok. Three zones: Te1-4 (Latest Oligocene Sekotong Lst with large foram Miogysinoides complanatus), upper Te5-Tf1-2 (E-M Miocene) and Tf3/ N16 (Late Miocene)). Sudradjat, A., S. Andi Mangga & N.Suwarna (1998)- Geologic map Sumbawa sheet, Nusatenggara, scale 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Suwarno, N. & Y. Noya (1985)- Stratigrafi regional wilayah Busur Bergunungapi Nusatenggara. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1985, p. 71-79. Takashima, I., A. Nasution & H. Muraoka, (2002)- Thermoluminescence dating of volcanic and altered rocks in the Bajawa geothermal area, central Flores Island, Indonesia, Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan 53, p. 139-146. Tampubolon, B.T. & Y. Saamena (2009)- Savu Basin: a case of frontier basin area in Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, IPA09-SG-078, p. 337-347. Tobler, A. (1918)- Notiz uber einige foraminiferenfuhrende gesteine von der Halbinsel Sanggar (Soembawa). Zeitschr. Vulkanologie 4, p. 189-192. ('Notes on some foraminifera-bearing rocks from the Sanggar Peninsula (Sumbawa)'. Incl. first description of Schlumbergerella neotetraeda in Quaternary? limestones) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1939)- Miocene corals from Flores (East-Indies). Leidsche Geol. Meded. 11, p. 62-67. Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1922)- Studien over Nummulinidae en Alveolinidae. Haar voorkomen op Soembawa en haar betekenis voor de geologie van Oost-Azie en Australie. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser 5, p. 329-464. ('Studies on Nummulinidae and Alveolinidae. Their occurrence on Sumbawa and significance for the geology of East Asia and Australia'. Limestone samples from Sumbawa with Miocene larger foraminifera, incl. Lepidocyclina spp., Alveolinella, Miogypsina, Cycloclypeus (incl. C. annulatus), etc. Looks like mainly Middle Miocene, equivalent of Wonosari Lst of South Java; HvG. With locality map. Little stratigraphic info) Van der Werff, W. (1996)- Variation in forearc basin development along the Sunda Arc, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 14, 5, p. 331-349. Van Heek, J. (1910)- Bijdrage tot de geologische kennis van het eiland Lombok. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie (1909), Wetensch. Ged., p. 1-82. (‘Contribution to the geological knowledge of Lombok Island’. Most of Lombok composed of young volcanic rocks. Narrow range of hills along S coast ?E Miocene volcanics, overlain by ?M Miocene Lithothamnium-rich limestone with Lepidocyclina, looking like continuation of Java S Mountains. (Fig. 11 also shows Miogypsina and advanced Lep. (N), suggesting M Miocene age, similar to Wonosari Lst of S Java; HvG). With geologic map 1:200,000)


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Van Heek, J. (1910)- Onderzoek van een looderts voorkomen in Zuid-Lombok. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie (1909), Techn. Admin. Ged., p. 177-201. (‘Investigation of a lead ore occurrence in South Lombok') Verbeek, R.D.M. (1914)- De eilanden Alor en Pantar, residentie Timor en onderhoorigheden. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen. 32, 33 p. ('The islands of Alor and Pantar’ (Banda Arc)) Watanabe, T., M.K.Gagan, T. Correge, W.S. Hantoro, H. Scott-Gagan, J. Cowley, G.E. Mortimer & M.T. McCulloch (2002)- Palaeoclimate reconstruction using Diploastrea and Porites corals from Alor in Eastern Indonesia. Proc. xx Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 1-20. Wichmann, A. (1891)- Bericht uber eine im Jahre 1888-89 im Auftrag der Niederlandischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ausgefuhrte Reise nach dem Indischen Archipel, Part 2, III. Flores. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 1891, p. 188-293. (Part 2 of Wichmann geographic narrative of 1888-1889 trip for Netherlands Geographic Society (Flores)) Wichmann, C.E.A. (1914)- On the tin of the island of Flores. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 17, 2, p. 474-490. (online at digitallibray.nl) (Reports of tin occurrences at Rokka Mts by Freyss 1860 could not be confirmed by subsequent investigations Tin is associated with old granites, and older rocks gradually disappear E of Java. Outcrops on Flores Tertiary volcanics and sediments only, and Mt. Rokka is a volcano.) Wichmann, C.E.A. (1919)- On tin-ore in the Island of Flores. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 21, 1, p. 409-416. (online at digitallibray.nl) (Repeats 1914 conclusion that no tin is present on Flores, despite new paper by Vermaes suggesting presence) Widiyantoro, S. & Fauzi (2005)- Note on seismicity of the Bali convergent region in the eastern Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 52, 3, p. 379-383. (Recent earthquakes around Bali show seismic activity concentrated down to ~200 km, along forearc and in backarc. Stress field dominated by N-S compression. Thrust events in backarc N of Bali likely due to W continuation of backarc thrust fault of Sumbawa and Flores. Local earthquake hypocentres form image of Sward subduction of Java Sea oceanic crust, in opposite direction of main subduction of Indo-Australian Plate) Wong, H.K. & U. Salge (1992)- Seismic facies, sedimentary structures and tectonics around Sumbawa island in East Indonesia. In: E.T. Degens, H.K. Wong & M.T. Zen (eds.) The sea off Mount Tambora, Mitt. Geol.Palaont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg 70, p. 37-57. Wytze, V.W., H. Prasetyo & T.C.E. van Weering (1991)- The Bali-Lombok forearc region: trapped forearc basin of rifted continental origin ? Proc. Int. Seminar Geodynamics, Indon. Assoc. Geophys. (HAGI), p. 14-22. (Geologic development of Sumba analogous to Doang borderland at leading edge of Sunda shield margin ?) Wytze, V.W., H. Prasetyo & T.C.E. van Weering (1991)- The accretionary wedge South of SumbaTimor: an accreted terrane in the process of slivering? Proc. Int. Seminar on Geodynamics of fore-arc sliver plate, Indon. Assoc. Geophys. (HAGI), p. 55-60 Zen, M.T., S. Soemarno & F. Ilyas (1992)- Structural pattern and tectonic position of Sumbawa Island in East Indonesia. In: E.T. Degens, H.K. Wong & M.T. Zen (eds.) The sea off Mount Tambora, Mitt. Geol.-Palaont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg 70, p. 21-35. Zubaidah, T. (2010)- Spatio-temporal characteristics of the geomagnetic field over the Lombok Island, the Lesser Sunda Islands region: New geological, tectonic, and seismo-electromagnetic insights along the SundaBanda Arcs transition. GoeForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Scient. Techn. Report STR10/07, p. 1-115. (online at: http://ebooks.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:10278:3/component/escidoc:10279/1007.pdf)


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Zubaidah, T., M. Korte, M. Mandea, Y. Quesnel & B. Kanata (2009)- Geomagnetic field anomalies over the Lombok Island region: an attempt to understand the local tectonic changes. Int. J. Earth Sci. 99, 5, p. 11231132. (Magnetic survey of SW Lombok. Magnetic high tied to large igneous intrusive body)


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VII.3. Sumba, Savu, Savu Sea Abdullah, C.I. (1994)- Contribution a l’etude geologique de l’isle de Sumba: apports a la connaissance de la geodynamique de l’archipel indonesien orientale. Doct. Thesis Universite de Savoie, Chambery, 255p. (‘Contribution to the geological study of Sumba island’) Abdullah, C.I. (2010)- Evolusi magmatisme Pulau Sumba. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-049, 3 p. ('Magmatic evolution of Sumba Island'. Short paper describing three periods of calk-alkaline island arc magmatism in Cretaceous- Paleogene of Sumba: (1) U Cretaceous (Santonian- Campanian; 85,4- 78,6 Ma), (2) Maastrichtian - Thanetian (71,7 - 56,6 Ma), (3) Eocene- Oligocene (Lutetian- Rupelian; 42,3 - 31,4 Ma) Abdullah, C.I., J.P. Rampnoux, H. Bellon, R.C. Maury & R. Soeria-Atmadja (2000)- The evolution of Sumba Island (Indonesia) revisited in the light of new data on the geochronology and geochemistry of the magmatic rocks. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, 5, p. 533-546. (Sumba continental crustal fragment, with 3 Cretaceous-Paleogene arc volcanic episodes: Late Cretaceous (86-77 Ma), Maastrichtian- Thanetian (71-56 Ma) and Lutetian- Rupelian (42-31 Ma). W-ward shift of volcanism through time. No Neogene volcanism (considered reworked !?). Very similar to SW Sulawesi belts) Abdullah, C.I., Rampnoux, J.P., Soeria-Atmadja, R. (1996)- Data baru geochronologi, analysis kimia dan tinjauan geodinamik Pulau Sumba. Pros. Seminar Nasional Geoteknologi III, Bandung, p. 324-346. ('New data on geochronology, chemical analysis and geodynamic review of Sumba Island') Abdullah, C.I., E. Suparka & V. Isnaniawardhani (2008)- Sedimentary phase of Sumba Island (Indonesia). Proc. 37th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 66-79. (Stratigraphy of Sumba continental block slightly to unmetamorphosed Cretaceous sediments, unconformably overlain by less deformed Tertiary-Quaternary deposits. Four sedimentary phases: (1) Late CretaceousPaleocene marine turbidites with Santonian-Campanian (86-77 Ma) and Maastrichtian- Thanetian (71-56 Ma) magmatic episodes; (2) Paleogene neritic sedimentation with Lutetian-Rupelian magmatic episode (42-31 Ma); (3) Neogene rapid sedimentation in deep sea environment; (4) Quaternary uplift of terraces. Sumba never subjected to intense deformation, implying never been involved in collision between Indian- Australian and Asiatic plates, except during minor compressive episode in Paleogene) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1975)- The Sumba fracture: a major discontinuity between Eastern and Western Indonesia. Tectonophysics 26, p. 213-228. (Sunda-Banda Arc not a continuous subduction system. Major tectonic discontinuity separates E Indonesia (Sumba, Banda Arcs, E Sulawesi) from W Indonesia (W Sulawesi and islands west of Sumba). Sumba fracture initially a Late Jurassic wrench fault that became Cretaceous and Cainozoic transform. Sumba detached from N Australia; Timor, etc., represent deformed Australian continental margin. Overthrust Asian elements also present. No subduction has taken place between Outer Banda Arc islands and Australia since Early Permian) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1985)- The Sumba enigma: is Sumba a diapiric fore-arc nappe in process of formation? Tectonophysics 119, 1-4, p. 435-449. (Sumba Cretaceous-Miocene stratigraphy similar to Timor allochtonous Palelo-Cablac series and both with Cretaceous forearc deposits on thin continental crust. Postulated Sumba nappe not yet thrust onto Australian margin and may be diapyric dome) Bard, E., C. Jouannic, B. Hamelin, P. Pirazzoli et al. (1996)- Pleistocene sea levels and tectonic uplift based on dating of corals from Sumba Island, Indonesia. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 12, p. 1473-1476. (Quaternary tectonic uplift NE coast Sumba 0.2- 0.5 m/ 1000 yrs) Beiersdorf, H. & K. Hinz (1980)- Active ocean margins in SE Asia. In: H. Cloos et al. (ed.) Mobile Earth: International Geodynamics project, p. 121-125. (Savu Basin underlain by 12-14 km thick oceanic crust)


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Boehm, G. (1911)- Posidonomya becheri in Niederlandisch-Indien? Centralbl. Min. Geol. Palaont. 1911, p. 350-352. (On possible occurrence of Posidonomya in dark grey sandy shales in W Sumba, collected by Witkamp in 1910. This identification implies Carboniferous age, but re-identified by Roggeveen (1929) as Jurassic or Cretaceous Inoceramus) Breen, N.A, E.A. Silver & D.M. Hussong (1986)- Structural styles in an accretionary wedge south of the island of Sumba, Indonesia, revealed by SeaMARC II side scan sonar. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 97, 10, p. 1250-1261. (Accretionary wedge S of Sumba in early stages of continent-island arc collision. Australian continental shelf sediments accreted to Sunda arc at Timor trough. Deformation concentrated on lower slope of accretionary wedge, within 15-25 km of thrust front, above which strain rate appears to decrease. Three structural styles developed in area. W part of accretionary wedge is being indented and redeformed by basement ridge) Brouwer, H.A. (1943)- Leuciethoudende en leucietvrije gesteenten van den Soromandi op het eiland Soembawa. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen, Amsterdam 52, 6, p. 303-307. (‘Leucite-bearing and leucite-free rocks of the Soromandi volcano on Sumbawa Island’) Budiharto, R. (2002)- Oblique divergent wrench fault movement between the islands of Sumba and Timor. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol., p. 315-326. Burollet, P.F. & C. Salle (1981)- A contribution to the geological study of Sumba (Indonesia). Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 331-344. (Basement exposed along S coast of Sumba is folded, low metamorphic Late Cretaceous deep marine sediments. ?Early Paleocene calk-alkaline volcanics and intrusives. Early Miocene carbonates unconformable over Eocene; thick Early Miocene tuffs. Paleomag suggests 60° clockwise rotation since Cretaceous. Quaternary reef terraces 500m above sea level) Burollet, P.F. & C. Salle (1982)- Histoire geologique de l'ile de Sumba (Indonesie). Bull. Soc. Geol. France 24, 3, p. 573-580. (‘Geologic history of Sumba Island’. Marine and pelagic Cretaceous strongly folded at end of Cretaceous and cut by numerous intrusions of a 66-59 Ma major volcanic phase. Unconformably overlain by gently folded Paleogene, including M-L Eocene limestones rich in larger forams and M Eocene andesitic volcanics (39-42.5 Ma, deepening upward into radiolarian clays. Early Miocene carbonate- marl series unconformable over all older formations. Totlal Neogene limestone-marl thickness ~500-600m; slightly dipping to NE ) Caudri, C.M.B. (1934)- Tertiary deposits of Soemba. Doct. Thesis Leiden University, 225 p. (Eocene carbonates with Pellatispira (= Sundaland; not Australia/ New Guinea; HvG) unconformably over folded and intruded Mesozoic (Jurassic?). Oligocene angular unconformity separates Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene (Tb-Tc) limestones with dips of 30°, from more horizontal Earliest Miocene (zone Te5) sediments) Chamalaun, F.H., A.E. Grady, C.C. von der Borch & H.M.S. Hartono (1981)- The tectonic significance of Sumba. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 5, p. 1-20. Chamalaun, F.H., A.E. Grady, C.C. von der Borch & H.M.S. Hartono (1982)- Banda Arc tectonics: the significance of the Sumba Island (Indonesia). In: J.L. Watkins & C.L. Drake (eds.) Studies in continental margin geology, AAPG Mem. 34., p. 361-375. (Sumba no subduction tectonics of Sunda Arc to W, nor collision tectonics of Banda Arc system. Sumba is continental fragment from Australia or from Sundaland (Flores Basin), that became trapped behind E Java Trench. Data not convincing, but appears to favor Australian origin) Chamalaun, F. H. & W. Sunata (1982)- The paleomagnetism of the Western Banda Arc System-Sumba. In: Paleomagnetic Research in Southeast and East Asia, Proceedings of a Workshop, Kuala Lumpur 1982, CCOP, Bangkok, p. 162-194.


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Clode, C.H., J.M. Proffett & I. Munajat (1999)- Timing relationship of intrusion, wall-rock alteration, and mineralization in the Batu Hijau copper-gold porphyry deposit. Proc. Pac-Rim Congr., Bali 1997, p. 485-498. Djumhana, N. & D. Rumlan (1992)- Tectonic concept of the Sumba continental fragment, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, 2, p. 585-598. Effendi, A.C. & T. Apandi (1994)- Geology of the Waikabubak and Waingapu sheets, Nusatenggara. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. (1:250,000 geologic map of Sumba Island. Outcrops of Upper Cretaceous marine greywackes, Paleocene granodiorites and andesitic volcanics, Eocene greywackes and overlain by younger Eocene and Lower Oligocene. limestones, Early Miocene andesitic volcanics (Jawila Fm.) Ely, K.S. & M. Sandiford (2010)- Seismic response to slab rupture and variation in lithospheric structure beneath the Savu Sea, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 483, 1-2, p. 112-124. (Banda Arc earthquake focal mechanisms suggest subducting slab under W Savu Sea in down-dip compression at 70-300 km, while down-dip tension typifies intermediate depth Sunda slab to W and Banda slab to E. Compression reflects subduction of transitional crust of Scott Plateau. Enhanced magma flux indicated by narrower volcano spacing in overlying arc. E of Savu Sea, near complete absence of intermediate depth seismicity attributed to slab window where Australian continental crust has collided with arc. Differences in seismic moment release around this slab window indicate asymmetric rupture, propagating to E faster than W) Ferneyhough, A.B. & I.A. Qurana (1996)- Case history study over the Batu Hijau copper-gold porphyry in SW Sumbawa, Indonesia. SEG Conv. Abstract, p. 1159-1162. (Large 1990 copper-gold discovery associated with island arc volcanics) Fleury, J.M. (2005)- De la subduction oceanique a la subduction continentale deformations associees et heritage structural: l'exemple du bloc Sumba-Savu, terminaison orientale du fosse de la Sonde. Thesis Universite Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, 278 p. (East of 120ºE abrupt change in style of subduction deformation of upper plate. Fieldwork on Sumba demonstrated volcanic activity from Upper Cretaceous until Oligocene, followed by well-developed carbonate sedimentation. Miocene paleogeography shows E-W oriented platform- basin configuration. Currently Sumba is extensional regime. Savu Basin is marine extension of Sumba structure. Internal part is little deformed and acts as rigid buttress and transfers convergence to backarc. Arrival of Australian margin at subduction zone forms, at end of Mio-Pliocene orogeny in Timor, a rigid block composed of Sumba island in W, Timor in E and the little deformed Savu Basin in middle. W limit of this block unknown) Fleury, J.M., M. Pubellier, M. de Urreiztieta & N. Chamot-Rooke (2006)- Crustal erosion and subduction of continental asperity: Sumba Island and forearc, Indonesia. Geophys. Res. Abstracts 9, 06054, 2007, European Geosc. Union, EGU2007-A-06054 (Abstract only) Fleury, J.M., M. Pubellier & M. de Urreiztieta (2009)- Structural expression of forearc crust uplift due to subducting asperity. Lithos 113, p. 318-330. (Sumba Island presently undergoing extension, associated with regional uplift. Crustal uplift may have been created by major thrust emerging in S of island, associated with NE tilt of island. The consequent anomalous positive topography along S coast compensated by significant tectonic erosion along large-scale curvilinear normal faults in SE half of island. Expression of this gravitational collapse at receding side of an advancing circular dome striking similarities with accretionary wedges being affected by seamount subduction. Savu Basin moderately deformed and acts as rigid buttress in convergence between Banda Arc and Australian plate) Fortuin, A.R., Th.B. Roep & P.A. Sumosusastro (1994)- The Neogene sediments of east Sumba, Indonesiaproducts of a lost arc? J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 1-2, p. 67-79.


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(M Miocene- Pliocene deep water sediments overly Oligocene- Early Miocene carbonate platform, overlying Paleogene volcanics and Late Cretaceous turbidites. Common arc volcanic debris in Mid-Late Miocene sourced from SSW, but present-day arc is to N !) Fortuin, A.R., Th.B. Roep, P.A. Sumosusastro, T.C.E. van Weering & W. van der Werff (1992)- Slumping and sliding in Miocene and Recent developing arc basins, onshore and offshore Sumba (Indonesia). Marine Geol. 108, p. 345-363. (Neogene slidemasses in E Sumba compared to analogues in seismic profiles off Lombok and Savu basins. Onshore examples were deposited in deep marine base-of slope environments, within reach of large amounts of clastics derived from a volcanic arc. Tectonically induced oversteepening considered a main cause of failure) Fortuin, A.R., W. van der Werff & H. Wensink (1997)- Neogene basin history and palaeomagnetism of a rifted and inverted forearc region, on- and offshore Sumba, eastern Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 61-88. (Sumba emerged part of SE Asian terrane, with angular unconformity between Paleogene platform carbonates and Mid-Late Miocene volcanoclastic submarine fan representing break-up stage. At least 3 km subsidence in M Miocene. Volcanoclastic supply peaked in Tortonian and sourced from S ! Possible start of >4 km Sumba uplift at ~7 Ma, but most of uplift Pliocene- Recent) Hadiwisastra, S. & W.S.Hantoro (1980)- Stratigrafi Tersier Bawah daerah Wanokaka, Sumba. Laporan Penelitian, LIPI, p. ('Early Tertiary stratigraphy of the Wanokaka area, Sumba'. Eocene Tb shallow marine larger foram faunas) Hantoro, W.S. (1993)- Neotectonic and Pleistocene sea level curve: uplifted coral reef terraces in Sumba Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. (in Indonesian). Proc.18th Ann. Mtg Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1993, p. Hantoro, W.S., C. Jouannic & P.A. Pirazzoli (1989)- Terrasses coralliennes Quaternaires soulevees dans l’ile de Sumba (Indonesie). Photo-Interpretation 1, p. 17-34. (‘Quaternary uplifted reef terraces on Sumba Island’) Inamoto, A. & M. Sayama (1993)- Hydrogeology of Sumba Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. J. Japan Soc. Engin. Geol. 34, 4, p.178-193. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp...) (in Japanese) Jouannic, C.R., W.S. Hantoro, C.T. Huang et al. (1988)- Quaternary raised reef terraces at Cape Laundi, Sumba, Indonesia: geomorphological analysis and first radiometric age determinations. In: Proc. 6th Int. Coral Reef Symp., Australia 3, p. 441-447. (Quaternary reef terraces uplifted up to 500m in N and C Sumba) Karmini, M. (1985)- Paleontological analysis of the Sawu basin, Lombok basin and Argo abyssal plain. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 205-221. Keep, M., I. Longley & R. Jones (2003)- Sumba and its effect on Australia's northwestern margin. In: R.R. Hillis & R.D. Muller (eds.) Evolution and dynamics of the Australian Plate. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 372 and Geol. Soc. Australia Spec. Publ. 22, p. 309-318. (Suggest 8 Ma collision of Sumba forearc and promontory of Australian continent, resulting in Sumba uplift ) Kruizinga, P. (1939)- Two fossil Cirripedia from the Pleistocene marls of Sumba. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Ned. Kol., Geol. Ser. 12, p. 259-264. (On barnacles on Spondylus mollusc collected by Verbeek in 1899 from Pleistocene marls near N coast Sumba) Kusnida, D. (1992)- Stratigraphic break of the Sawu forearc basin. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 7, 1, p. 114.


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Laufer, F. & A. Kraeff (1957)- The geology and hydrology of West and Central Sumba and their relationship to the water-supply and rural economy. Publ. Keilmuan 33, Ser. Geol., Geol. Survey, Bandung,p. 1-48. (Report thick, intensely folded Pre-Tertiary (Cretaceous of later authors) flysch-type slates and quartzites with possible NNW strike in S mountains of W Sumba. Cut by pre-Eocene basalt and gabbros and probably also large granodiorite massif. Unconformably overlain by Late Eocene limestones with larger forams including Pellatispira. Miocene and younger limestones probably with minor unconformity over Paleogene limestones. Early Miocene Jawila volcanics. Quaternary reefal limestone terraces up to 300m above sea level. ) Lytwyn, J., E. Rutherford, K. Burke & C. Xia (2001)- The geochemistry of volcanic, plutonic and turbiditic rocks from Sumba, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, p. 481-500. (Sumba underlain by Late Cretaceous- Early Oligocene volcanic arc rocks and associated turbiditic sediments, and is fragment of an oceanic island arc, not piece of Sundaland continent) Meiser, P., D. Pfeiffer, M. Purbohadiwidjojo & Sukardi (1965)- Hydrogeological map of the isle of Sumba, scale 1:250,000. Indonesia Geol. Survey, Bandung. Nishimura, S., Y. Otofuji, T. Ikeda, E. Abe, T. Yokoyama et al. (1981)- Physical geology of the Sumba, Sumbawa and Flores islands. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiriyusono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, CCOP-SEATAR Mtg., Bandung 1979, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 105-113. (Major tectonic discontinuity between Sumbawa and Flores. Paleomag suggests about 60° clockwise rotation of Sumba island between Jurassic and Early Miocene. No stratigraphy/age control for their 'Jurassic mudstones' from SW Sumba) Otofuji, Y., S. Sasajima, S. Nishimura, S. Hadiwisastra, T. Yokoyama & F. Hehuwat (1980)- Palaeoposition of Sumba Island, Indonesia. In: S. Nishimura (ed.) Physics and geology of the Indonesian island arcs, Kyoto Univ. Press, Kyoto, p. 59-66. Otofuji, Y., S. Sasajima, S. Nishimura, T.Yokoyama, S. Hadiwisastra & F. Hehuwat (1981)- Paleomagnetic evidence for the paleoposition of Sumba Island, Indonesia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 52, p. 93-100. (also in Rock Magn. Paleogeophys. 6, p. 69-74, 1979) (Sumba underwent 79° clockwise rotation since Jurassic (rocks analyzed more likely Cretaceous age?; HvG)) Permanadewi, S. & I. Saefudin (1994)- Umur mutlak batuan tuf daerah pegunungan Tanadaro dan sekitarnya, Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur: berdasarkan metoda pentarikhan jejak belah. Jurnal Sumberdaya Geol. 4, 34, p. ('Absolute age of tuffs in the Tanadaro Mts area, Sumba, E Nusa Tenggara') Pfeiffer, D. & P. Meiser (1968)- Geologische, hydrogeologische und geoelectrische Untersuchungen auf der Insel Sumba (Indonesia). Geol. Jahrbuch 86, p. 885-918. ('Geological, hydrogeological and geoelectrical investigations on the island of Sumba, Indonesia') Pirazzoli, P.A., U. Radtke, W.S. Hantoro, G. Jouannic, C.T. Hoang, C. Causse & M. Borel Best (1993)Quaternary raised coral reef terraces on Sumba island, Indonesia. Science 252, p. 1834-1836. (Sequence of coral-reef terraces (6 steps >500 meters m wide and many substeps) near Cape Laundi, Sumba Island, between 475 m elevation and sea level. Uplift rate 0.5 mm/yr; most terraces correspond to specific interglacial stages, with oldest terrace formed 1 million years ago) Pirazzoli, P.A., U. Radtke, W.S. Hantoro, G. Jouannic et al. (1993)- A one million-year-long sequence of marine terraces on Sumba Island, Indonesia. Marine Geol. 109, p. 221-236. (11 Pleistocene coral reef terraces, < 1 million years old, up to 475m above sea level) Prasetyo, H. (1994)- The tectonics of the ‘Sunda-Banda’ forearc transition zone, eastern Indonesia. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 9, 1, p. 23-47. (Marine geophysical and geological studies of forearc area between Sumba and Timor, including field studies of accretionary wedge of Sawu Island and uplifted portion of forearc basement (Sumba Ridge) of Sumba Island.


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Region of transition from conventional Andean-type Indian Ocean subduction along E Sunda Trench in W to arc-continent collision along Timor Trough in E. Several major problems remain unresolved) Reed, D.L. (1985)- Structure and stratigraphy of eastern Sunda forearc, Indonesia: geologic consequences of arc-continent collision. Ph.D. Thesis, Scripps Inst. Oceanography, La Jolla, p. (Unpublished) Reed, D.L., A.W. Meyer, E.A. Silver & H. Prasetyo (1987)- Contourite sedimentation in an intraoceanic forearc system: Eastern Sunda Arc, Indonesia. Marine Geol. 76, p. 223-241. (Sedimentation in E Sunda forearc strongly influenced by vigorous deep- and bottom-water circulation. Sumba Ridge and Sawu-Timor Ridge together form barrier to outflow of Pacific Ocean Deep Water from Sawu Sea to E Indian Ocean. Bottom currents associated with outflow eroded gap in sill at 1150 m between Sumba and Sawu. SW of gap, exposure of consolidated M Miocene- Pliocene foraminiferal chalks and oozes along Sumba Ridge suggests up to 1 km of overburden removed by currents. Eroded sediments re-deposited as muddy contourites in > 1 km sediment drift in adjacent Sumba Basin. Drift forms elongated mound of reworked calcareous ooze and is bounded by moat-like channels) Reed, D.L., E.A. Silver, H. Prasetyo & A.W. Meyer (1986)- Deformation and sedimentation along a developing terrane suture: Eastern Sunda forearc, Indonesia. Geology 14, p. 1000-1003. (Discussion of Sawu thrust, a S-dipping reverse fault thrusting Sawu-Timor terrane Neogene accretionary wedge towards Sumba Ridge terrane, which is part of Banda forearc) Rigg, J.W.D. & R. Hall (2011)- Structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Savu Basin, Indonesia. In: R. Hall et al. (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 225-240. (Savu Basin located in Sunda-Banda forearc at change from oceanic subduction to continental-arc collision. Interpreted to be underlain by continental crust, added to Sundaland margin in mid-Cretaceous. Before M Miocene Sumba and Savu Basin close to sea level and subsided rapidly in late M Miocene in response to extension induced by subduction rollback at Banda Trench) Roep, T.B. & A.R. Fortuin (1996)- A submarine slide scar and channel filled with slide blocks and megarippled Globigerina sands of possible contourite origin from the Pliocene of Sumba, Indonesia. Sed. Geol. 103, p. 145160. (Early Pliocene deep-water sequences (~1–2 km deep) near Kambatatana, Sumba island, include a slide scar which evolved into a channel, >120 m wide, 20 m deep. Origin of the megarippled planktonic foraminiferal sand-units is uncertain, but they may have been by contour currents) Roggeveen, P.M. (1928)- Jura op het eiland Soemba. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam 32, p. 674-676. (‘Jurassic on Sumba Island’) Roggeveen, P.M. (1929)- Jurassic in the island of Sumba. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 32, p. 512-514. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015738.pdf) (English version of paper above. Inoceramus molluscs and a fragment of an aegoceratid ammonite from S coast of W Sumba in rocks collected by Witkamp. In opinion of Kruizinga this could be Hammatoceras molukkanum, as known from Jurassic of Sula islands. Tentatively placed in U Liassic by Wanner (1931); other specialists deem the ammonite fragment indeterminate and the Inoceramus more likely a Cretaceous species (HvG). More likely age of beds Cretaceous according to Von der Borch et al. (1983). Folded Mesozoic intruded by igneous rocks and unconformably overlain by Eocene (Caudri, 1934)) Roggeveen, P.M. (1932)- Abyssische und hypabyssische Eruptivgesteine der Insel Soemba. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen, Amsterdam 35, 6, p. 878-890. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016297.pdf) (‘Abyssal and hypabyssal igneous rocks of Sumba island’. Petrographic descriptions of outcrop samples of igneous rocks collected mainly by Witkamp in Central Sumba: granite, granodiorite, diorite, porphyrite,


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hornfels, etc.. Igneous rocks unconformably overlain by marls and limestones with Eocene larger forams (Discocyclina; Rutten 1912), and may be of Late Mesozoic age) Rutherford, E., K. Burke & J. Lytwyn (2001)- Tectonic history of Sumba Island, Indonesia, since the Late Cretaceous and its rapid escape into the forearc in the Miocene. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, 4, p. 453-479. (In Late Cretaceous- Early Oligocene Sumba was part of Great Indonesian Volcanic arc system (~86- 31 Ma). At 16 Ma Sumba torn away from relict arc and moved WSW, moving ~450 km until present position at ~7 Ma) Rutten, L. (1912)- On orbitoids of Sumba. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 15, 1, p. 461-467. (online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (Presence of Eocene Orthophragmina (= Discocyclina) at S coast Sumba. No detailed localities, pictures) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- Soemba, Rendjoewa, Savoe en Rotti. In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 666-679. (Review of geology of Sumba, Renjuwa, Savu and Roti islands) Satyana, A.H. & M.E.M. Purwaningsih (2011)- Sumba area: detached Sundaland terrane and petroleum implications. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-009, 32p. (Sumba Island is microcontinental fragment in forearc of Sunda-Banda volcanic arc, here believed to be detached from SE/E Sundaland. Paleogene stratigraphy of Sumba similar to S Sulawesi, with arc volcanics, Eocene low-latitude Pellatispira larger foram fauna, etc.) Satyana, A.H. & M.E.M. Purwaningsih (2011)- Multidisciplinary approaches on the origin of Sumba terrane: regional geology, historical biogeography, linguistic-genetic coevolution and megalithic archaeology. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-018, 28p. (Sumba continental terrane came from E/SE margin of Sundaland based on stratigraphy, geochronologygeochemistry of magmatic rocks, paleomagnetism, and isotope geology. Sumba Paleogene stratigraphy similar to S Sulawesi, magmas characteristic of island arc at Sundaland margin. Late Cretaceous Lasipu Fm volcanics with Pb-Nd isotope characteristics suggesting affinities with Sundaland. Sumba Eocene with low-latitude 'Assilina-Pellatispira' Sundaland larger forams, no higher latitude Australian 'Lacazinella'. Marine shore fish of Phallostethidae family typical of Sundaland waters, suggesting Sumba shared a closer biotic relationship with Sundaland before dispersal) Simandjuntak, T.O. (1993)- Tectonic origin of Sumba Platform. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Mineral (J. Geol. Mineral Res., GRDC) 3, 22, p. 10-19. (Similarities between Cretaceous- Miocene stratigraphy between Sumba and SW Sulawesi. Sumba detached from Sulawesi, probably from near N part of Bone Bay in Middle Miocene) Siregar, D.A. & D. Setyagraha (1995)- Pentarikhan radiocarbon terhadap teras batugamping Waingapu, Sumba, Nusatenggara Timur. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 5, 51, p. ('Radiocarbon analysis of the Waingapu limestone terrace, Sumba') Soeria-Atmadja, R., S. Suparka, C. Abdullah, D. Noeradi & Sutanto (1998)- Magmatism in western Indonesia, the trapping of the Sumba Block and the gateways to the east of Sundaland. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16, 1, p. 1-12. (Similarities in Late Cretaceous-Paleogene stratigraphy and calc-alkali magmatism between Sumba, S Sulawesi and SE Kalimantan suggest Sundaland origin for all these areas. Southward migration of Sumba to frontal arc position of Sunda-Banda arc since Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) Spence, W. (1986)- The 1977 Sumba earthquake series: evidence for slab pull acting at a subduction zone. J. Geophys. Res. 91, p. 7225-7239. (Evidence for slab pull from earthquake data) Toothill, S. & D. Lamb (2009)- Hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Savu Sea Basin. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA09-G-013, p. 657-668.


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(Seismic surveys in Savu basin suggest potential for hydrocarbons. Up to 4.8 km of sediment; no wells drilled. Basin origin complex: four to five phases of rifting and uplift and erosion in region, and overprinted in recent geological time by collision tectonics. Significant number of gas chimneys and bright amplitudes) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1946)- Tertiary corals from Sumba (East Indies). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. (Geol. Ser.) 13, p. 393-398. (Miocene and Eocene corals (mainly solitary species) from Witkamp collection from W Sumba) Van der Werff, W. (1995)- Cenozoic evolution of the Savu Basin, Indonesia: forearc basin response to arccontinent collision. Marine Petrol. Geol. 12, 3, p. 247-262. (Savu Basin initial E Miocene subsidence of outer forearc basin and development of M-Late Miocene volcanic ‘proto’ arc in S of basin resulted from Late Oligocene-E Miocene E-ward propagation of Java-Timor Trench. N of accretionary prism, forearc basement flexed down and reshaped into trenchward- dipping backstop that facilitates backthrusting of accretionary prism. Southern forearc basement probably acted as barrier against compression. Thickness of continental basement critical in response of forearc- continent collision. Savu Basin responded to underthrusting of continental crust by reactivation of basement ridges. This resulted in differentiation of forearc basin into extinct and uplifted Miocene S Savu Basin and Pliocene-Recent active N Savu Basin. Late Miocene-Recent uplift of large segments of outer forearc and subsidence of N Savu Basin) Van der Werff, W. (1995)- Structure and morphotectonics of the accretionary prism along the Eastern SundaWestern Banda Arc. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, p. 309-322. (Forearc region near Sumba- Savu variation in structure related to incipient collision with Australia. Arctrench system changes from ridged S of Bali- Lombok- Sumbawa to sloped S of Sumba. E of Sumba, accretionary wedge backthrust over forearc basin, incorporating forearc sediments and basement. Accretionary wedge probably little of sediment subducted. Decrease in width of prism from Bali to Sumbawa corresponds to E-ward younging trend of arc-trench system from Late Oligocene to E Miocene. S of Sumba width of prism increases considerably, due to accretion of thick continental margin carbonates which deform by thrustbounded folds. Buoyancy of partially subducted marginal Scott plateau increases basal shear stresses, adding to growth of large accretionary wedge. Further E, subduction of thick continental crust results in even higher basal shear stresses that are distributed throughout accretionary wedge. They cause progressive development of backthrusts and internal deformation,leading to shortening and thickening of wedge) Van der Werff, W. (1996)- Forearc development and early orogenesis along the eastern Sunda/ western Banda arc (Indonesia). Ph.D. Thesis Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. 311 p. (Thesis, consisting of 7 previously published 1992-1996 papers, mainly on Snellius II program in E Sunda- W Banda fore arc areas) Van der Werff, W., D. Kusnida, H. Prasetyo & T.C.E. van Weering (1994)- Origin of the Sumba forearc basement. Marine Petrol. Geol. 11, 3, p. 363-374. (Basement structures in E Sunda/ W Banda forearc suggests continuity between Sumba and N Timor. Structures trend E-W in W, gradually change into NE-SW trends in E. Major NE-SW trending discontinuity W of Sumba between 117° 30' and 118° 30' E marks transition between intraoceanic volcanic arc system in W and volcanic arc-continent collision zone in E. Extent of Sumba basement suggests either common (Late Jurassic) rift/drift history for Sumba and N Timor or (E Miocene) magmatic welding of two continental fragments of different origin, resulting in structural continuity between two microplates) Van der Werff, W., H. Prasetyo, D. Kusnida, & T.C.E. van Weering (1994)- Seismic stratigraphy and Cenozoic evolution of the Lombok forearc basin. Marine Geol. 117, p. 119-134. (Lombok Basin probably underlain by thinned rifted continental crust. Five Cenozoic seismostratigraphic sequences (1) Paleogene synrift deposits, predating initiation of convergent margin; (2) and (3) two phases of evolution of accretionary prism, between Late Oligocene and M Miocene; (4) and (5) slope front fill deposits reflecting volcanic activity and tectonic uplift of magmatic arc from M Miocene onwards. By Late Miocene, increased convergence between subducting Indian and overlying Asian plates resulted in stronger mechanical coupling, expressed in southern forearc basin by folding of oldest basin fill. Present activity governed by Late


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Pliocene collision of accretionary prism with Scott marginal and Roo Rise oceanic plateaus, resulting in uplift of outer-arc ridge and southern part of forearc basement) Van Weering, T.C.E., D. Kusnida, S. Tjokrosapoetro, S. Lubis, P. Kridoharto & S. Munadi (1989)- The seismic structure of the Lombok and Savu forearc basins, Indonesia. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 251-262. (Four seismic sequences in Lombok and Savu forearc basins, separated by unconformities (Late Oligocene, mid-Miocene and Pliocene S of Java). Upper Miocene- Pleistocene forearc fill turbidite-dominated. Faulting strongest in E Lombok Basin; growth faults, shale diapirs and mud volcanoes reflect intensity of deformation caused by merge of Sunda and Banda Arc collision systems. Tilted and uplifted basement ridges W of Sumba separate turbidite filled sub-basins from forearc basin. Sumba was in present position before onset of Sunda Banda Arcs subduction system and initial Lombok and Savu forearc basins were connected) Von der Borch, C.C., A.E. Grady, S. Hardjoprawiro, H. Prasetyo & S. Hadiwisastra (1983)- Mesozoic and Late Tertiary submarine fan sequences and their tectonic significance, Sumba, Indonesia. Sed. Geol. 37, p. 113-132. (Sumba Cretaceous with tropical Tethyan mollusc fauna, volcanoclastic component and andesite dykes. Part of major submarine fan complex with turbidite flow directions to N240°, suggesting paleoslope to SW. Undoing ~90° of clockwise rotation (Wensink 1997) would fit with paleo-position at SE margin of Sunda Shelf) Vorkink, M. (2004)- Incipient arc-continent collision: structural analysis of Savu Island, Indonesia. Masters Thesis, Brigham Young University, Utah, 87 p. (Unpublished) Vorkink, M.W. & Harris, R.A. (2004)- Tectonic development of the incipient Banda Arc-continent collision: geologic and kinematic evolution of Savu Island, Indonesia. Abstracts with Programs Geol. Soc. America 2004 Annual Mtg., Denver, 36, 5, p. 319. (Abstract only) (Savu both N and S-verging thrust sheets of Lt Triassic- M Jurassic Australian continental margin units, rimmed by discontinuous mélange of forearc basement fragments and synorogenic units. Pillow basalt in Jurassic Wai Luli Fm. N-verging folds move back of accretionary wedge over S Savu forearc basin. S-verging thrust sheets are bulk of island and well-exposed in S Savu. Detachment for thrust sheets in Triassic Lower Babulu or upper Aitutu Fms at ~2600 m depth. Maximum age for initiation of collision 4.0 Ma. Foraminifera in synorogenic units indicate outer arc 1.0-1.5 km below sea level at 1.8 Ma, a surface uplift rate of ~1 mm/yr. At this rate, it takes 3.2-5.0 Ma to uplift these from pre-collisional depth of 3.5-4.0 km) Wensink, H. (1991)- The paleoposition of the island of Sumba, derived from paleomagnetic data. In: In: E.P. Utomo, H. Santoso & J. Sopaheluwakan (eds.) Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium on the Dynamics of subduction and its products, Yogyakarta 1991. Indon. Inst. Sciences (LIPI), p. 238-244. Wensink, H. (1994)- Paleomagnetism of rocks from Sumba: tectonic implications since the Late Cretaceous. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, p. 51-65. (Overview of Sumba geology. In Late Cretaceous Sumba was at 8° (not sure if N or S, but both demonstrate Sumba was not part of Australia at that time). In this paper concluded to various CCW rotations between Late Cretaceous and Miocene, but re-interpreted to more reasonable CW rotations in Wensink 1997) Wensink, H. (1997)- Palaeomagnetic data of Late Cretaceous rocks from Sumba, Indonesia; the rotation of the Sumba continental fragment and its relation with eastern Sundaland. Geologie Mijnbouw 76, p. 57-71. (Palaeomagnetic studies on Sumba continental fragment. Tanadaro granodiorite (65 Ma) palaeolatitude 8.3° S. E Sundaland with Borneo, W and S Sulawesi, and Sumba formed one continental unit in Late Mesozoic, most likely attached to SE Asian mainland. Borneo and W and S Sulawesi large CCW rotations since Jurassic (45° in Cretaceous, 45° in Palaeogene). Sumba microcontinent detached from E Sundaland soon after Late Cretaceous. Palaeomagnetic data show Sumba underwent CW rotations of up to 96° (CW 53° between 82-65 Ma; 38° between 65-37 Ma; 9° between Late Eocene-Late Miocene and ~4° CCW since Late Miocene- E Pliocene). E Sundaland and Sumba close to equator since Jurassic)


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Wensink, H. & M.J. van Bergen (1995)- The tectonic emplacement of Sumba in the Sunda-Banda Arc: paleomagnetic and geochemical evidence from the early Miocene Jawila volcanics. Tectonophysics 250, p. 1530. (Paleomag of Miocene Jawila arc volcanics very similar to present-day Sumba. Original position in Late KPaleocene probably 18° N; drift and rotation completed before Mid Miocene ? Early Miocene arc volcanics on Sumba suggest island arc and imply older arc S of modern arc (= same as Java ‘Old Andesites’?; HvG), or was within E Sunda arc and drifted S) Witkamp, H. (1912)- Een verkenningstocht over het eiland Sumba- part 1. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Part I, vol. 29, p. 744-775. (‘A reconnaissance trip across the island of Sumba’; first of four parts) Witkamp, H. (1913)- Een verkenningstocht over het eiland Sumba- part 2. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 30, p. 8-27. (‘A reconnaissance trip across the island of Sumba’; part 2) Witkamp, H. (1913)- Een verkenningstocht over het eiland Sumba- part 3. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 30, p. 484-505. (‘A reconnaissance trip across the island of Sumba’; part 3) Witkamp, H. (1913)- Een verkenningstocht over het eiland Sumba- part 4. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 30, p. 619 637. (‘A reconnaissance trip across the island of Sumba’; part 4) Wytze. V W.. H. Prasetyo & T.C.E. van Weering (1991)- The accretionary wedge South of Sumba- Timor: an accreted terrane in the process of slivering? Proc. Int. Seminar on Geodynamics, HAGI, p. 55-60.


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VII.4. Timor, Roti, Leti, Kisar (incl. Timor Leste) Archbold, N.W. & S.T. Barkham (1989)- Permian brachiopoda from near Bisnain village, West Timor. Alcheringa 13, p. 125-140. (Permian Brachiopoda from outcrops of calcarenites-shales attributed to Maubisse Fm near Bisnain, W Timor. Assemblage correlative to late Sakmarian (E Permian), temperate climate, Callytharra Fm of W Australia) Archbold, N.W. & P.R. Bird (1989)- Permian brachiopoda from near Kasliu Village, West Timor. Alcheringa 13, p. 103-123. (Permian brachiopoda from outcrops of Maubisse Fm volcanoclastics near Kasliu, W Timor. Assemblage probably Chidruan age and correlative of classic Late Permian ‘Tethyan’ Basleo and Amarassi faunas) Astjario, P. & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1986)- Kecapatan pengangkatan Pulau Timor di zaman Kuarter. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 31-34. ('Uplift rates of Timor island in the Quaternary') Audley-Charles, M.G. (1965)- A Miocene gravity slide deposit from East Timor. Geol. Mag. 102, p. 267-276. (E Timor formation of unbedded scaly bentonitic clay with scattered exotic blocks and smaller fragments formed by submarine sliding of unstable clay mass from area N of Timor under influence of gravity, associated with the emplacement of large overthrusts. Proposed to call it Bobonaro Scaly Clay) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1965)- A geochemical study of Cretaceous ferromanganiferous sedimentary rocks from Timor. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 29, p. 1153-1173. (Manganese nodules nodules from Cretaceous Wai Bua Fm in W Timor very similar to Pacific deep sea nodules; nodules from E Timor perhaps shallower ? M Eocene Seical Fm ferromanganiferous, radiolarianbearing pelagic limestones from N coast E Timor also look ‘oceanic’) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1965)- Some aspects of the chemistry of Cretaceous siliceous sedimentary rocks from Eastern Timor. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 29, 11, p. 1175-1192. (Chemical analysis of Cretaceous chert and radiolarites from E Timor indicate deposition in bathypelagic environment, paucity of land derived detritus, and analogy with modern biogenous deep-sea radiolarian ooze) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1967)- Greywackes with a primary matrix from the Viqueque formation, Upper Miocene-Pliocene, Timor. J. Sedim. Petrol. 37, 1, p. 5-11. (Silt-clay matrix of post-orogenic Mio-Pliocene Viqueque Fm is primary detrital deposit, not result of digenesis of sand grains. Basal conglomerates contain metamorphic and volcanic rocks as well as Triassic limestone) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1967)- Petrology of a Lower Miocene polymict intracalcirudite from Timor. Sedim. Geol. 1, p. 247-257. (Base E Miocene Cablac Limestone is unconformity: polymict conglomerate, incl. a variety of carbonate rocks as well as volcanics, Cretaceous deep water carbonates and cherts, Triassic sandstones, etc.) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1968)- The geology of Portuguese Timor. Mem. Geol. Soc. London 4, p. 1-76. Classic E Timor study. Oldest dated rocks Lower Permian age. Metamorphic rocks interpreted as probably prePermian. Most formations autochthonous. Four formations completely allochthonous: Lolotoi Complex, Aileu Fm, Maubisse Fm and Bobonaro Scaly Clay. Bobonaro Scaly Clay emplaced as submarine gravity slide, and unlike other allochthonous formations does not rest on thrust-plane. ‘Autochtonous’ Aitutu Fm up to 1000m thick with rich, mainly Carnian-Norian faunas; Campbell & Grant-Meckie 2000) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1972)- Cretaceous deep-sea manganese nodules on Timor: implications for tectonics and olistostrome development. Nature Phys. Sci. 240, 102, p. 107-139. Audley-Charles, M.G. (1973)- Paleoenvironmental significance of chert in the Franciscan Formation of western California: discussion concerning the significance of chert in Timor. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 84, p. 363-368.


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(Discussion of Chipping (1971) paper, who argued that cherts in Timor (following Grunau 1965) are 'important constituent' of melange and reflect subduction of oceanic crust beneath continental crust. However, chert is relatively insignificant in Timor melange and no evidence of subduction of oceanic crust below continental crust in Timor region since Early Permian. Chert in Timor reflects lack of supply of coarse terrigenous detritus and formed above sedimentary sequence on continental crust close to outer margin of continental slope) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1981)- Geometrical problems and implications of large-scale overthrusting in the Banda arc- Australian margin collision zone. In: K. McClay & N.J. Price (eds.) Thrust and nappe tectonics, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 9, p. 407-416. (Geometrical problems in structural history interpretion of Australia-Banda Arc collision zone: (1) apparent absence of subduction trench and accretionary arc-trench gap in Banda Arc; (2) location of surface trace of Benioff zone before collision; (3) history of Benioff zone after Pliocene oceanic trench was destroyed; (4) relationship of developing fold- thrust belt to pre-collision geometry of Australia-New Guinea continental margin; (5) apparent absence of continental slope and rise in N Australia collision zone; (6) relationship of crystalline basement of Outer Banda Arc to cover rocks and (7) tectonic significance of apparent continuity of stratigraphically and structurally different Sunda and Banda Arcs. Australia - Banda arc collision associated deformation, represented by folding-imbrication of Australian continental rise sediments of Outer Banda Arcs with emplacement of overthrust exotic sheets, was accomplished in 2 Ma. Geometrical considerations suggest Benioff zone and most of ~200 km wide arc-trench gap were overridden by Australian lithospheric plate during continued plate convergence of last 3 Ma. Banda Arc fold-thrust belt developed in proximal continental rise deposits at foot of Australian continental slope) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1986)- Timor-Tanimbar Trough: the foreland basin to the evolving Banda orogen. In: P.A. Allen & P. Homewood (eds.) Foreland Basins, Int. Assoc. Sedim., Spec. Publ. 8, p. 91-102. Audley-Charles, M.G. (1986)- Rates of Neogene and Quaternary tectonic movements in the Southern Banda arc based on micropalaeontology. J. Geol. Soc. London 143, p. 161-175. (Outer Banda Arc composed of highly deformed sediments that accumulated at Australian continental margin. Dating of onset of folding/uplift of Timor, from deep submarine position at end Neogene nappe emplacement, to mountains now 3 km high, indicates post-collision uplift rate initially 3 mm/yr, then slowed to ~1.5 mm/yr. Where Australian continental margin meets E end of present Java Trench Australian margin has overridden Trench in Timor region by 240 km. After nappe emplacement shortening of continental crust migrated towards Australian continent and shelf became involved in imbrication with shortening of cover rocks between nappes and present shelf edge amounting to ~40 km during last 2 Ma) Audley-Charles, M.G. (1990)- Triassic Aitutu Formation of Timor, Indonesia. In: Triassic biostratigraphy and paleogeography of Asia, ESCAP Atlas of Stratigraphy IX, Min. Res. Dev. Ser. 59, U.N., New York, p. 11-15. (Shortened version from Audley Charles (1968). Due to structural complexity and generally poor fossils, hard to do detailed stratigraphic studies. Deep marine Carnian- Norian Aitutu Fm thickness ~1000m, probably unconformable over Permian limestones. Basal series dark Tallibellis Mb mudstones, probably Norian age, overlain by Aitutu Fm radiolarian calcilutites (80%)/ shales (15%)/ calcarenites (5%), radiolarites, bituminous rocks with Halobia and Daonella. Top Aitutu Fm unconformable below E Jurassic Wai Luli Fm) Audley-Charles, M.G. (2011)- Tectonic post-collision processes in Timor. In: R. Hall et al. (eds.) The SE Asian gateway: history and tectonics of Australia-Asia collision, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 355, p. 241-266. (Australian continental margin collided with Asian fore-arc at 4 Ma, transforming Banda Trench into Timor fold-thrust belt. Tectonic Collision Zone (TCZ) progressively filled by two Australian continental upper crust mega-sequences. Slowing subduction of Australian sub-crustal lithosphere after ~2.5 Ma led to uplift of TCZ that raised Timor 3 km above sea level. Asian Banda fore-arc deformation linked to ~30 km SE-wards rollback of subducting Australian lithosphere. Two Asian fore-arc nappes (Banda, Aileu-Maubisse) thrust S-wards from Banda fore-arc onto older of two highly deformed Australian continental margin upper crust mega-sequences. Wetar Suture created as thrust at base of Australian partially detached continental lower crust propagated into Asian fore-arc)


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Audley-Charles, M.G. & A.J. Barber (1976)- The significance of the metamorphic rocks of Timor of the Banda arc, Eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 30, p. 119-128. (All metamorphic rocks in Timor allochthonous. Three groups: lustrous slate, amphibolite-serpentinite, and granulite-amphibolite-greenschist complex. Granulite facies meta-anorthosite in Timor must have originated near continental mantle- crust boundary and may represent slices of ancient Asian continental basement. Metamorphic rocks of Seram remarkably similar to those of Timor. Overthrust directions of metamorphic rocks in Timor is S-ward, in Seram N-ward. Opposite thrusts may be explained in terms of Banda Arc acquiring sinuosity after emplacement of metamorphic rocks) Audley-Charles, M.G. & D.J. Carter (1972)- Palaeogeographical significance of some aspects of Palaeogene and Early Neogene stratigraphy and tectonics of the Timor Sea region. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 11, p. 247-264. (‘Autochtonous’ Early Miocene Cablac limestones unconformable on folded Early Eocene carbonates, which unconformably overlie metamorphic schists, implying Paleocene and ?Late Eocene- Oligocene? orogenic phase on Timor. Four Eocene facies on Timor, incl. Late Eocene limestones with Pellatispira and deep-water facies and volcanoclastics, all different from NW Australian Shelf and Timor Trough, where most of Tertiary is deepwater carbonate. Cretaceous- M Miocene paleogeography) Audley-Charles, M.G. & D.J. Carter (1974)- Petroleum prospects of the southern part of the Banda Arc, eastern Indonesia. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Techn. Bull. 8, p. 55-70. (Mainly an overview of the geology of Timor, with some comments on oil seeps and prospectivity of island) Audley-Charles, M.G. & R. Harris (1990)- Allochtonous terranes of the Southwest Pacific and Indonesia. Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. London 331, p. 571-587. (Timor is deformed Australian margin, overridden by allochtonous nappes. Lowest is ‘Lolotoi metamorphics’‘Palelo Arc’ (basal metamorphics, Cretaceous-Eocene arc volcanics and marine sediments, unconformably overlain by mid-Eocene-Early Miocene carbonates; similar succession in Sumba; thrusted over Australian margin in latest Miocene). Second exotic terrane is Maubisse Permo-Triassic limestone with pillow basalts; supposedly most distal part of rifted Australian margin. Third terrane is ‘supra-subduction zone’ Ocussi ophiolite, now being thrust over N Timor margin) Aulia, D., S.H. Sinaga, R. Adiarsa, F. Al’ayubie, I.B. Arindra, F. Nikmata & I. Rodelian (2011)- Petrology and provenance of sandstone from Mesozoic sequence Soe-Kapan Block, West Timor, NTT. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11- SG-034, 12p. (Sandstones (lithic arenites) from Permian Bisane Fmquartz 45-57%, feldspar 9-13% , lithic fragments 9-19% (andesite, diorite, carbonate, sandstone, chert, schist and phyllite) and Triassic Aitutu Fm (quartz 31-72%, feldspar 9-39%, lithics 5-21%. Most likely provenance recycled orogen. Flute casts in Aitutu Fm indicate dominant NW to SE transport direction) Bachri, S. (1995)- The origin of the Aileu and Maubisse Formations in the East Timor area, Indonesia. In: J. Ringis (ed.) Proc. 31st Sess. Comm. Co ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Kuala Lumpur 1994, 2, p. 232-241. (Aileu Fm metamorphics at N coast of E Timor decrease in metamorphic grade in S direction and grade into both Permian Maubisse Fm and Jurassic Wai Luli Fm, suggesting it is composed of metamorphosed Permian and Jurassic NW Australian passive margin sediments) Bachri, S. (2004)- The relationships between the formation of the multi-genesis chaotic rocks and the Neogene tectonic evolution in Timor. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 14, 3, p. 94-100. Bachri, S. (2008)- Formasi Maubisse dan Aileu di bagian Barat Timor Leste dalam kerangka tektonostratigrafi Pulau Timor. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. 18, 5, p. 281-289. (Position of Maubisse and Aileu Formations in Timor Leste controversial, but tendency to place them in paraautochthonous sequence. Formations transitional relationships with overlying para-autochthonous Wailuli Fm.


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Paleontological evidence indicates Maubisse Fm derived from Australian continent, and related Aileu Fm was located on NW flank of Australia until Neogene arc-continent collision event) Bachri, S., B. Hermanto & E. Partoyo (1995)- Genesa kompleks Bobonaro di Timor Timur. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 5, 45, p. 17-22. ('Genesis of the Bobonaro Complex, East Timor') Bachri, S. & R.L. Situmorang (1994)- Geological map of the Dili Sheet, East Timor, Scale: 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Baik, R.N. & K. Sahudi (1993)- Play concepts of hydrocarbon exploration in East Timor. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 913-924. Bakhtiar, A. (1984)- Geologi daerah Kapan, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Ph.D. Thesis, Inst. Tech. Bandung, 425 p. (The geology of the Kapan area, Kapubaten South Central Timor, NTT province) Bakker, R.R. (2011)- Surface uplift in world’s youngest orogen, can crustal thickening explain the uplift in Timor? M.Sc. Thesis, University of Utrecht, p. 1-32. (online at: http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/....) Bando, Y. & K. Kobayashi (1968)- Lower and Middle Triassic ammonites from Portuguese Timor (Palaeontological Study of Portuguese Timor 4). Mem. Coll. Science, Univ. of Kyoto, Ser. B 34, 2, p. 83-111. Bando, Y. & K. Kobayashi (1981)- Upper Triassic cephalopods from Eastern Timor (Paleontological Study of Eastern Timor 6). Mem. Fac. Educ. Kagawa Univ., II, 31, p. 57-142. Barber, A.J. (1979)- Structural interpretations of the island of Timor, Eastern Indonesia. SEAPEX Proc. 4, Singapore 1977/1978, p. 9-21. (Timor evolution model with ‘Lolotoi microcontinent’ breaking off Australia in Jurassic, colliding with Sundaland in Early K, separating from Sundaland in Late K- Paleocene, colliding with Australia in Pliocene) Barber, A.J. (1981)- Structural interpretations of the island of Timor, eastern Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, Bandung, p. 183-197. (reprint of 1979 SEAPEX paper) (Three interpretations of structure of Timor: imbricate melange model of Hamilton 1979, overthrust model of Audley Charles et al., upthrust model of Chamalaun & Grady (1978). New model incorporates elements of all three models: Late Jurassic breakup of piece of Australia, Cretaceous collision with Sundaland, Eocene breakup of Sundaland margin during Banda Sea opening and Pliocene collision of ‘Lolotoi microcontinent’ with Australia) Barber, A.J. (1991)- The origin of melange in the Timor collision complex. Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium on the dynamics of subduction and its products, Yogyakarta, LIPI, p. 53-61. Barber, A.J. & M.G. Audley-Charles (1976)- The significance of the metamorphic rocks of Timor in the development of the Banda Arc, eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 30, p. 119-128. (All metamorphic massifs on Timor are allochtonous. Various grade metamorphic rocks on Timor. Three distinct metamorphic grade groups: lustrous slate, amphibolite-serpentinite and granulite- amphibolitegreenschist complex. Highest grade metamorphic rocks (granulite facies) in Booi massif. Amphibolite facies in many massifs through Timor. Many high-grade metamorphic rocks affected by subsequent lower grade (greenschist) metamorphism. High-grade metamorphic rocks interpreted as fragments of ancient continental crust, perhaps from Asia/ Sundaland)


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Barber, A.J., M.G. Audley-Charles & D.J. Carter (1977)- Thrust tectonics in Timor. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 24, p. 51-62. (Reply to Grady (1975) who argued structure of Timor can be interpreted without major overthrusting. Reasons for major overthrusting restated here and tied to collision between Australian continental margin and detached portion of Asiatic continental margin. Timor is series of overlapping thrust slices, resting on folded sediments of Australian continental shelf. Kolbano lowest thrust sheet, composed of deformed deep-water calcilutites. Followed to N by Lolotoi thrust sheet (metamorphics with unmetamorphosed ophiolites, clastic sediments and massive Miocene limestones). Overlying this group to N is Maubisse-Aileu thrust sheet (with Permian crinoidal limestones and volcanics in S, passing N into shales and sandstones, with increase in deformation and metamorphism from S to N. Slates in S pass into amphibolite facies on N coast of E Timor. A further thrust-slice composed of ophiolites rests on this thrust unit on N coast of W Timor between Wini and Atapupu. Mesozoic cherts sandwiched between metamorphic thrust sheets and ‘autochtonous’ Bisane Fm Permian clastics suggest ocean floor separated this from Maubisse Fm Permian carbonates) Barber, A.J. & K. Brown (1988)- Mud diapirism: the origin of melanges in accretionary prisms? Geology Today 4, p. 89-94. (Chaotic melange deposits, mixed blocks in clay matrix, commonly attributed to submarine slumping, but in accretionary complexes shale diapirism produces large volumes of melange) Barber, A.J., S. Tjokrosapoetro & T.R. Charlton (1986)- Mud volcanoes, shale diapirs, wrench faults and melanges in accretionary complexes, Eastern Indonesia. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 70, p. 1729-1741. (Timor mud volcanoes) Barkham, S.T. (1993)- The structure and stratigraphy of the Permo-Triassic carbonate formations of West Timor, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. London, p. 1-379. (Detailed study of Permian (Maubisse)- Triassic (Aitutu) carbonates of W Timor. Focus areas: SW of Soe (Late Triassic Aitutu Fm pelagic radiolarian-mollusc (Halobia- Monotis) limestones-marls in Noil Meto), Bisnain and Laktitus areas. Includes reports of E Permian fusulinids from Maubisse Fm) Bassler, R. (1929)- The Permian Bryozoa of Timor. In: Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 16, Abh. 28, p. 37-90. (Principal (and only?) work on Permian bryzoa of Timor. Ross (1978): Artinskian Bitauni Beds sparse bryozoan fauna, early Late Permian Basleo beds more abundant, overlying Amarassi beds sparse bryozoan. Some species, like Fistulipora timorensis Bassler rel. widespread in M-U Permian of Tethys region) Bather, F.A. (1908)- Jungeres Palaozoicum von Timor: Genus Schizoblastus Etheridge and Carpenter. Sp. 303319. (First description of Permian blastoids from Timor: 2 species of Schizoblastus (now called Deltablastus). Collected by Verbeek in 1899 from Bisano Hill near Baung) Bather, F.A. (1920)- Reviews: Echinoid or crinoid? Geol. Mag. 57, 8, p. 371-372. (Discusses Wanner's genus Timocidaris from Permian of Timor) Bather, F.A. (1929)- Triassic echinoderms of Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaontologie von Timor, 16, Abh. 30, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 214-272. Belford, D.J. (1960)- Micropalaeontology of samples from Ossulari No. 1 and No. 1A bores, Portuguese Timor. Bur. Min. Res., Canberra, Rec. 1960/33, p. 1-2. Belford, D.J. (1960)- Micropalaeontology of samples from Portuguese Timor. Bur. Min. Res., Canberra, Rec. 1960/98, p. 1-6. Belford, D.J. (1961)- Micropalaeontology of samples from Portuguese Timor. Bur. Min. Res., Canberra, Rec. 1961/6, p. 1-5.


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Belford, D.J. (1961)- Micropalaeontology of samples from Matai No. 1 bore, Portuguese Timor. Bur. Min. Res., Canberra, Rec. 1961/31, p. 1-3. Benincasa, A. (2009)- The geology of Mount Mundo Perdido, Timor Leste. Thesis Univ. Western Australia, Perth, p. 1-169. (Mt Mundo Perdido 1750m high massif, originally interpreted as coherent block of Lower Miocene Cablac Limestone, but is complex of rock types of different ages and tectonostratigraphic affinities, including Gondwanan affinity Triassic-Jurassic interior rift basin deposits, Cretaceous- Oligocene pelagites, Asiaticaffinity limestones and island arc volcanics, and Plio-Pleistocene synorogenic deposits. Dominant structures late stage, high-angle, oblique-slip faults, probably in sinistral strike-slip zone) Berry, R.F. (1979)- Deformation and metamorphism of the Aileu Formation, East Timor. Ph.D. Thesis, School of Earth Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, p. (Unpublished) Berry R.F. (1981)- Petrology of the Hili Manu lherzolite, East Timor. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 28, 4, p. 453-469. (Spinel lherzolite outcrop on N coast of E Timor. Most common rock-type clinopyroxene-poor lherzolite, but also clinopyroxene-rich lherzolite and harzburgite. Three events indicated by geothermometry (1) coarse exsolution lamellae of orthopyroxene in clinopyroxene porphyroclasts (1250°C); (2) granoblastic texture equilibrated at 1100°C; and (3) rocks mylonitised at 800-1000°C. Peridotite probably oceanic upper mantle trapped between Java Trench and Inner Banda Arc) Berry, R.F., C. Burrett & M. Banks (1984)- New Triassic faunas from East Timor and their tectonic significance. Geologica et Palaeontologica 18, p. 127-137. (Conodonts from red ammonoid-bearing limestone 6 km W of Manatuto, previously assigned to Permian Maubisse Fm, contains Upper Smithian (E Triassic), Tethyan conodonts. Area previously interpreted as thrusted, with inverted ages (Permian on Triassic), but probably simple Triassic stratigraphic succession and structure mainly steeply dipping normal faults. Conodonts well-preserved with CAI of 1, suggesting rel. low paleotemperatures <100°C) Berry, R.F. & A.E. Grady (1981)- Deformation and metamorphism of the Aileu Formation, North coast, East Timor and its tectonic significance. J. Struct. Geol. 3, p. 143-167. (Aileu Fm at N coast of Timor probably metamorphosed Permian (+ Jurassic?) flysch. Metamorphism increasing from low greenschist facies in SW to upper amphibolite facies in E. Five deformation phases; second phase post-dates metamorphic maximum (Jurassic?), produced tight folds and may be Late Miocene. Metamorphic maximum occurred before 11 Ma) Berry, R.F. & A.E. Grady (1981)- The age of the major orogenesis in Timor. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia. Proc. CCOP-IOC Working Group Meeting, Bandung 1979, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 171-181. (Radiometric dates of N coast E Timor Aileu Fm metamorphic rocks suggest metamorphism peak before Late Miocene (8-9 Ma; possibly even before 70 Ma; Harris & Long 2001), with most intense deformation probably between 11-6 Ma) Berry, R.F. & G.A. Jenner (1982)- Basalt geochemistry as a test of the tectonic models of Timor. J. Geol. Soc. 139, 5, p. 593-604. (Geochemistry of metamorphosed Permo-Triassic basic volcanics on Timor from both ‘allochtonous’ and parautochtonous’ formations are all consistent with rift or ocean floor setting; no calc-alkaline arc volcanics) Berry, R.F. & I. McDougall (1986)- Interpretation of 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar dating evidence from the Aileu Formation, East Timor, Indonesia. Chemical Geol. 59, p. 43-58. (Aileu Fm-Maubisse metamorphics retrograde metamorphism (=collision) at 8 Ma, cooling to 300°C by 5.5 Ma)


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Beyrich, E. (1862)- Gebirgsarten und Versteinerungen von Koepang auf Timor. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 14, p. 537('Mountain types and fossils from Kupang on Timor') Beyrich, E. (1865)- Uber eine Kohlenkalk-Fauna von Timor. Abhandl. Konigl. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1864, p. 59-98. ('On a Carboniferous fauna from Timor'. First description of ‘Carboniferous’ (now interpreted as Permian) limestone fauna from Timor, collected in Kupang area by Dr. Schneider. New brachiopod species Rhynchonella timorensis (assigned to Uncinunellina timorensis by later authors; HvG)) Bird, P.R. (1987)- The geology of the Permo-Triassic rocks of Kekneno, West Timor. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 264p. (Structure, stratigraphy and sedimentology of 'parautochtonous' mainly fine clastic Permo-Triassic in Kekneno area. Sandstone petrography shows Timor Permian sands less mature than those of NW Shelf of Australia. Paleocurrents mainly towards WSW, suggesting source from E (Arafura) and/or N (terrane removed in Jurassic rifting), not from NW Shelf. Slice of Banda fore-arc basement obducted over parautochtonous, with fossiliferous Permian Maubisse carbonates and volcanics very different from parautochton) Bird, P.R., K. Brata & I. Umar (1989)- Sedimentation and deformation of the Permo-Triassic of Kekneno, West Timor: from intracratonic basin to accretionary complex. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology, Mineral and Hydrocarbon Resources of SE Asia, Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 3-23. (Permo-Triassic clastics on Timor less mature than age-equivalent rocks of NW Australia Shelf, indicating Timor sediments not derived from Australian hinterland. Paleocurrents show sediment transport predominantly to WSW. Imbrication of Permo-Triassic on N-dipping thrust planes) Bird, P.R. & S.E. Cook (1991)- Permo-Triassic successions of the Kekneno area, West Timor: implications for palaeogeography and basin evolution. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 359-371. (Permian sandstones less mature and different heavy mineral assemblages from Bonaparte/Timor Sea equivalents. This and Permian paleocurrent data suggests mainly northerly provenance of Timor Permian. Late Triassic Babulu Fm turbidites dominant sediment transport directions NE to SW or E to W) Bless, M.J.M. (1987)- Lower Permian ostracodes from Timor (Indonesia). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B, 90, 1, p. 1-13. (Lower Permian (Sakmarian- Artinskian) ostracodes from Bitauni, Mutis, Nono Ofien and Noil Toensieh in W Timor. Diverse 'Thuringian-type' assemblages with 40 species, usually interpreted as deep marine, as also suggested by Grundel & Kozur 1975) Boehm, G. (1907)- Jungeres Palaozoikum von Timor. In: G. Boehm (ed.) Geol. Mitteil. Indo-Australischen Archipel VIb, Neues Jahrbuch Min., Geol., Palaeont., Beil. Band 25, p. 303-323. ('Young Paleozoic of Timor'. Brief, early description of Permian blastoids, brachiopods and trilobite from W Timor, collected by Verbeek and Hirschi) Boehm, G. (1908)- Jura von Rotti, Timor, Babar und Buru. In: G. Boehm (ed.) Geol. Mitteil. IndoAustralischen Archipel VIc, Neues Jahrbuch Miner., Geol. Palaeont., Beil. Band 25, p. 324- 343. ('The Jurassic of Roti, Timor, Babar and Buru'. Descriptions of Jurassic brachiopods and ammonites) Boutakoff, N. (1965)- Geological investigations in Portuguese Timor. Report for Timor Oil Ltd. # R05372. (Unpublished; mainly discussion of some drilled and undrilled anticlines; no maps, good cross-sections) Boutakoff, N. (1968)- Oil prospects of Timor and the Outer Banda Arc, SE Asia. Australasian Oil Gas Rev. 14, p. 44-55. Breimer, A. & D.B. Macurda (1965)- On the systematic position of some blastoid genera from the Permian of Timor. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B68, p. 209-217.


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Breimer, A. & D.B. Macurda (1972)- The phylogeny of the fissiculate blastoids. Verhand. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, ser. 1, 26, 3, p. 1-390. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011028.pdf) (Monograph on Paleozoic fissiculate blastoids (echinoderms). Mainly taxonomy, anatomy and phylogeny, also discussions of geographic distribution (worldwide), stratigraphic distribution (Silurian- Permian) and paleoecology (open marine, attached to limy-muddy seafloors). Most extensive development of Permian fissiculates is on Timor, associated with tuffs (12 genera; all in allochtonous blocks). Main collecting area is Basleo; many endemic species, some also in other areas, e.g. Pterotoblastus gracilis in Thailand) Broili, F. (1915)- Permische Brachiopoden der Insel Letti. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 43 (1914) Verhand. 1, p. 187-207. (‘Permian brachioods from Leti Island’ (E of Timor)) Broili, F. (1916)- Die Permischen Brachiopoden von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, VII, 12, p. 1-104. (‘The Permian brachiopods of Timor’. Descriptions of 46 species in material from numerous localities in W and some from E Timor, collected by Wanner and Molengraaff. Many are long-ranging and widely distributed Tethys forms) Broili, F. (1922)- Permische Brachiopoden von Rotti. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verhand. 3, p. 223-227. (Nederlandsche Timor expeditie 1910-1912). (Brief description of Permian brachiopods from Roti, sampled by Brouwer in 1912. Species rel. long-ranging) Broili, F. (1931)- Mixosauridae von Timor. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Ned. Indie 17, p. 3-10. (Vertebrae collected from clays with manganese nodules and ammonites by Jonker in 1873 in NE part of W Timor near E Timor border ('Wai Loelik/ Ramea, Beloe district'). Looks like primitive Ichtyosaurus group (Mixosauridae), probably of Triassic age (Manganese nodules known in Timor-Roti from Upper Triassic, Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous; HvG) Brouwer, H.A. (1913)- Neue Funde von Gesteinen der Alkalireihe auf Timor. Centralblatt Min. Geol. Pal. 1913, p. 570-576. ('New finds of rocks of the alkali series on Timor') Brouwer, H.A. (1914)- Voorlopig overzicht der geologie van het eiland Roti. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 31, p. 611-617. (‘Preliminary overview of the geology of Roti island’. December 1911-January 1912 visit found ‘Timor-like’ intensely folded Permian- Eocene section. Permian marls with brachiopods, coral, etc., on basaltic rock. Upper Triassic deep water Halobia-Daonella limestone with radiolarian chert and mica-sandstones. Jurassic dark marls with some belemnites, ammonites, locally rich in manganese nodules. One locality of Eocene Nummulites-alveolinid limestone. Unconformably overlain by young reefal limestones, some elevated to over 400m. Active mud volcanoes) Brouwer, H.A. (1915)- Gesteenten van het eiland Letti. Nederlandsche Timor Expeditie, I, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 43 (1914), Verhand., p. 89-160. (‘Rocks from Leti Island’, E of Timor) Brouwer, H.A. (1918)- Gesteenten van het eiland Moa. In: Nederlandsche Timor-expeditie, II. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 45 (1916), Verhand. 1, p. 13-34. (‘Rocks from Moa Island’. Petrographic descriptions of gabbros, diorites, lherzolites, phyllites and crystalline limestones from Moa island E of Timor) Brouwer, H.A. (1918)- Geologie van een gedeelte van het eiland Moa. In: Nederlandsche Timor-expeditie, II. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 45 (1916), Verhand. 1, p. 37-56.


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(‘Geology of a part of the island of Moa’. Island with broad, low rim of young raised reefal limestone. Older rocks in hills in center include folded metamorphics (phyllites, crystalline limestone; probably metamorphic Permian, with more limestone than on Leti), ultrabasic rocks (peridotites, serpentinite, gabbro), reddish limestones and radiolarian cherts, poorly bedded crystalline limestone (Triassic?) and mica-bearing sandstones with conglomerates (similar to Triassic of Timor-Seram). With 1: 200,000 geological sketch map) Brouwer, H.A. (1918)- Gesteenten van Oost-Nederlandsch Timor. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 45 (1916), Verhand. 1, p. 67-260. ('Rocks from East Netherlands Timor'. Petrographic descriptions of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks from W Timor. Sandstones and conglomerates rich in feldspars and lithics of schists and andesites) Brouwer, H.A. (1921)- Geologische onderzoekingen op de eilanden Loeang en Sermata. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 49 (1920), Verhand. 2, p. 207-222. ('Geological investigations on the islands Luang and Sermata'. Two small islands NE of Timor. Luang mostly intensely folded Permian marls and crinoidal limestone. Also quartzose and calcareous sandstones, which may be Permian or Triassic. Strike directons highly variable: NW-SE in W of island, more or less E-W in East. On Sermata only crystalline schists representing metamorphosed sediments and basic volcanics) Brouwer, H.A. (1922)- Geologische onderzoekingen op het eiland Rotti. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 49 (1920), Verhand., p. 33-106. (‘Geological investigations on the island Roti’ (W of Timor)) Brouwer, H.A. (1928)- On the age of alkaline rocks from the island of Timor. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad Wetensch., Amsterdam, 31, p. 56-58. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015549.pdf) (Permian sediments of Timor mainly tuffs, marls with tuffaceous material, marls, limestones and volcanics. Also locally conglomerates with pebbles of volcanics. Conglomerate studied from near path Sufa-Maubesi. Clasts of syenite and trachyte up to several cm, probably also of Permian age) Brouwer, H.A. (1938)- Preliminary remarks on geological investigations in the Lesser Sunda islands near Australia. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 41, 4, p. 334-335. (online at : http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017173.pdf) (Summary of preliminary results of 1937 University of Amsterdam expedition to Timor and nearby islands. Age of 'flysch' on Timor is Ladinian- Norian (Late Triassic). Overthrusting superposes two very different units of Permian rocks, separated by intensely crushed and squeezed zone) Brouwer, H.A. (1939)- Exploration in the Lesser Sunda islands. Geogr. J. 94, 1, p. 1-10. (Popular review of geology of Lesser Sunda islands, particularly Timor) Brouwer, H.A. (ed.) (1940)- Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands in the South Eastern part of the Netherlands East Indies 1937, I, Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Mij., Amsterdam, 348 p. (Collection of 2 Ph.D. theses (Tappenbeck, Simons) and papers by Wanner on Permian blastoids, De Marez Oyens on Permian crinoids) Brouwer, H.A. (ed.) (1940)- Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands in the South Eastern part of the Netherlands East Indies 1937, II., Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Mij., 395p. (Collection of two Ph.D. theses by De Roever and Van Voorthuysen, also papers by Brouwer on volcanics of Adonara, etc., and Wanner on Permian bivalves) Brouwer, H.A. (ed.) (1941)- Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands in the South Eastern part of the Netherlands East Indies 1937, III. Noord-Hollandsche, Amsterdam, 380 p. (Collection of 3 Ph.D. theses by Van West and De Bruyne on Timor and De Jong on Wetar, Lirang and Solor)


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Brouwer, H.A. (ed.) (1942)- Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands in the South Eastern part of the Netherlands East Indies 1937, IV. Noord-Hollandsche, Amsterdam, 401 p. (Collection of Ph.D. theses by Heering on Wetar- Alor, and papers by Brouwer, Wanner, De Roever, De Jong) Brouwer, H.A. (1942)- Summary of the geological results of the expedition. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands, etc., 1937, 4, p. 345-402. (Overview of geology of northern (Flores, Pantar, Alor, Wetar, etc.) and southern row of islands (Timor). Timor structure characterized by large overthrusts, formed mainly in pre-Miocene, also younger movements. ‘Kekneno series’ Permian-Triassic flysch facies derived from metamorphic and feldspar-rich volcanic rock. Upper Cretaceous Palelo clastics with Globotruncana and conglomerates rich in volcanics, metamorphics and Lower Palelo (‘other rocks in neighbourhood apparently not exposed’ Early Miocene unconformable over older rocks, etc.) Brown, M. & M.M. Earle (1983)- Cordierite-bearing schists and gneisses from Timor, eastern Indonesia. P-T conditions of metamorphism and tectonic implications. J. Metamorphic Geol. 1, p. 183- 203. (Mutis Complex in W Timor Boi Massif composed of basement schists and gneisses and dismembered remnants of ophiolite. Mineral assemblages sugggest P-T path followed by these rocks was caused by decompression during rifting and synmetamorphic ophiolite emplacement resulting from processes during initiation and development of convergent plate junction located in SE Asia in late Jurassic- Cretaceous) Brunnschweiler, R.O. (1978)- Notes on the geology of Eastern Timor. BMR Bull. Australian Geol. Geophys. 192 (Crespin volume), p. 9-18. (Critical review of ex-Timor Oil geologist Audley-Charles East Timor mapping. Much of what was mapped as Bobanaro melange is Late Triassic mudstone. Late Jurassic rocks also common. At least 3 different ages of ‘block clays'; much of what was mapped as olistostrome is complexly thrusted sediment. Lower and Upper Tertiary thrusting phases in Timor, etc.) Buckman, D. (1971)- Timor oil search enters crucial phase. Oil & Gas Int. 11, 7, p. 28-30. Burck, H.D.M. (1923)- Overzicht van de onderzoekingen der 2de Nederlandsche Timor-expeditie. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verhand. 4, p. 1-55. (Overview of W Timor localities studied by 1916 Jonker-led expedition. Main purpose was to collect Permian and Triassic fossils. Good documentation of fossil localities, but little geology/ stratigraphy context) Burke, J.J. (1966)- On the occurrence of Oklahomacrinus in Ohio and Timor. Ohio J. Science 66, 5, p. 464-468. (Delocrinus expansus Wanner from M Permian of Basleo, W Timor, re-assigned to Oklahomacrinus) Carter, D.J., M.G. Audley-Charles & A.J. Barber (1976)- Stratigraphical analysis of island-arc-continental margin collision in eastern Indonesia. J. Geol. Soc. London, 132, p. 179-198. (Stratigraphic analysis of collision zone in Timor reveals pre-Pliocene deformation in allochthon elements before M Pliocene overthrusting onto Australian margin. Australian para-autochthon below thrust sheets not involved in pre-Pliocene deformations. Distinction of elements with different structural histories and opposite facies polarity permits identification of plate margin. Lowest thrust sheet part of Asian outer arc ridge, overthrust by fragments of continental margin metamorphic basement and volcanic-sedimentary cover. Model interprets progressive Mio-Pliocene collision between Australian margin and island arc migrating from SE Asia by spreading of Banda Sea. Asian arc was underthrust by Australian continental margin but buoyancy restricted process to overthrusting slivers of rocks from trench and trench-arc gap) Chamalaun, F.H. (1977)- Paleomagnetic evidence for the relative positions of Timor and Australia in the Permian. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 34, 1, p. 107-112. (Paleomag suggests pole from Cribas Fm redbeds very close to Australian P-Tr poles, so’autochtonous’ Timor was part of Australia. Magnetic inclination places Timor at 34°)


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Chamalaun, F.H. (1977)- Paleomagnetic reconnaissance result from the Maubisse Formation, East Timor and its tectonic implication. Tectonophysics 42, 1, p. T17-T26. (Paleolatitude of ‘allochtonous’ Permian Maubisse Fm is 26°, indistinguishable from ‘autochtonous’ Permian Cribas Fm red beds, therefore not supporting Asian origin of Maubisse. Conclusions deemed unjustified by Wensink 1990, 1994) Chamalaun, F.H. & A.E. Grady (1978)- The tectonic development of Timor: a new model and its implications for petroleum exploration. APEA Journal, p. 102-108. (Preferred tectonic model for Timor intermediate between Audley-Charles overthrust model and Hamilton accretionary wedge model: (1) initial collision/trench downwarp at ~15-10 Ma, creating Bobanaro melange; followed by (2) slab breakoff causing rapid uplift) Chamalaun, F.H. & A.E. Grady (1978)- Timor tectonic development: new model and exploration implications. Oil Gas J., p. 114-116. (Tectonic model without major allochtonous terranes and overthrusts would predict simpler structural geology and stratigraphic continuity between Timor and NW Shelf) Chamalaun, F.H., K. Lockwood & A. White (1976)- The Bouguer gravity field and crustal structure of eastern Timor. Tectonophysics 30, p. 241-259. (N-S gravity traverse from Betano to Dili in Timor Leste Strong 6 mGal/km gravity gradient at N coast, which is part of significant geophysical trend along Outer Banda Arc. Interpreted to be fault, separating oceanic in NW from continental crust in SE) Chappell, J. & H.H. Veeh (1978)- Late Quaternary tectonic movements and sea level changes at Timor and Atauro Island. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 89, p. 356-368. (Atauro Island N of Timor has raised Quaternary coral reefs up to 500m) Charlton, T.R. (1987)- The tectonic evolution of the Kolbano-Timor Trough accretionary complex, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University London, 374 p. (Unpublished) Charlton, T.R. (1988)- Tectonic erosion and accretion in steady-state trenches. Tectonophysics 149, p. 233-243. (Analysis of relations between rate of plate convergence, sedimentation rates and angle of decollement in subduction zones. Tectonic accretion where decollement steeper than outer trench slope, tectonic erosion where decollement shallower than outer slope dip. Applied to Timor Trough to demonstrate subduction has ceased) Charlton, T.R. (1989)- Geological cross-section through the Timor collision complex, Eastern Indonesia. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Min. Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta, IAGI, p. 93104. Charlton, T.R. (1989)- Stratigraphic correlation across an arc-continent collision zone: Timor and the Australian Northwest Shelf. Australian J. Earth Sci. 36, p. 263-274. (Facies of Triassic- Neogene series of imbricate stack of Kolbano foldbelt, SW Timor, is deep to very deepwater, suggesting it represents outermost edge of pre-collisional Australian margin. Similarities include ?Early Jurassic redbeds, Oxfordian ‘breakup unconformity’ with Early Cretaceous missing, etc. Implication is that N Timor is either block that rifted off Australia, then collided in Pliocene (Barber 1979) or partly rifted marginal plateau off NW shelf) Charlton, T.R. (2001)- The petroleum potential of West Timor. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 303-317. Charlton, T.R. (2002)- The petroleum potential of East Timor. APPEA J. 42, p. 351-369. Charlton, T.R. (2002)- The structural setting and tectonic significance of the Lolotoi, Laclubar and Aileu metamorphic massifs, East Timor. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 7, p. 851-865.


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(Several metamorphic complexes on Timor, some are Australian continental basement (Lolotoi, Lachlubar), some are allochtonous basement derived from Banda forearc (Mutis in W Timor, Aileu in E Timor; with inverted metamorphic gradients) Charlton, T.R. (2003)- The petroleum potential of sub-thrustbelt inversion anticlines in the Banda forearc. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Newsl., March 2003, p. 22-27. Charlton, T.R. (2004)- The petroleum potential of inversion anticlines in the Banda Arc. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 88, 5, p. 565-585. (Mainly on structural style of Timor. Banda forearc is fold- thrust belt, with imbricated outer edge of Australian continent, overlain locally by fragments of precollisional oceanic forearc, and is established petroleum province in Seram. Structural complexity overstated. Basement-involved inversion structures in deeper parts of collision complex. Inverted graben basins filled with Permian-Jurassic continental margin sequences, including Late Triassic- E Jurassic source rocks and potential reservoirs, sealed by M-L Jurassic shales. Jurassic shales decollement separates shallow-level structural complexity from deeper simpler structural style of large inversion anticlines) Charlton, T.R., A.J. Barber & S.T. Barkham (1991)- The structural evolution of the Timor collision complex, Eastern Indonesia. J. Struct. Geol. 13, 5, p. 489-500. (New Timor structural evolution model combining element of previous 3 Timor models; foldbelt as rel. simple progressive thrusting of Australian crustal elements, starting in N at 8 Ma) Charlton, T.R., A.J. Barber, R.A. Harris, S.T. Barkham, P.R. Bird, N.W. Archbold, N.J. Morris, R.S. Nicoll, H.G. Owen, R.M. Owens, J.E. Sorauf, P.D. Taylor, G.D. Webster & J.E. Whittaker (2002)- The Permian of Timor: stratigraphy, palaeontology and palaeogeography. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 719-774. (Extensive compilation of Timor Permian stratigraphy and paleontology, with specialist reviews of brachiopods, bryozoans, cephalopods, conodonts, corals, echinoderms, foraminifera, molluscs, trilobites, etc. Permian sequences deposited on Australian continental basement which was undergoing extension, with basaltic volcanism. Carbonates of Maubisse Fm deposited on horst blocks and volcanic highs, clastic sediments of Atahoc and Cribas Fms deposited in grabens) Charlton, T.R., A.J. Barber, A.J. McGowan, R.S. Nicoll, E. Roniewicz, S.E. Cook, S.T. Barkham & P.R. Bird (2009)- The Triassic of Timor: lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy and palaeogeography. J. Asian Earth Sci. 36, p. 341-363. (Overview of Triassic successions of Timor, exposed in fold-and-thrust belt and melange complex. Three formal lithostratigraphic units defined previously (Niof, Aitutu and Babulu Fms), with a fourth, Wai Luli Fm, primarily Jurassic in age but extending down into Triassic. Triassic extension not associated with major volcanism, unlike Early Permian extension) Charlton, T.R. & Suharsono (1990)- Mesozoic-Tertiary stratigraphy of the Kolbano area, southern West Timor. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 14, p. 38-58. (Kolbano complex interpreted as accretionary complex. Late Jurassic- Miocene accumulated on outermost edge of Australian NW Shelf. Possible unconformity at base Ofu Fm deepwater marls, with Eocene planktonics but also abundant reworked Cretaceous and Paleocene planktonics) Charlton, T.R. & D. Wall (1994)- New biostratigraphic results from the Kolbano area, southern West Timor: implications for the Mesozoic-Tertiary stratigraphy of Timor. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 1-2, p. 113-122. Clowes, E. (1997)- Micropalaeontological analysis of the Kolbano sequence (Jurassic to Pliocene), West Timor and its radiolarian fauna. Ph. D. Thesis, University College London, London, p. 1-443. (Detailed descriptions of SW Timor Kolbano foldbelt Early Cretaceous- Tertiary radiolarian-rich deep-water facies. Albian-Coniacian hiatus; Early K species dominated by endemic species known only from high S latitudes, but Tethys species present as well; Aptian-Albian more common Tethys species)


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Cook, S.E. (1984)- Geochemical evaluation of outcrop samples from Timor, Indonesia with geological notes. Univ. London, Geol. Research in SE Asia, Report 27, 37p. (Unpublished) (16 outcrop samples from Permian and Triassic of Kekneno window analyzed for TOC (generally lean, woody and inertinite) and maturation (generally immature- mature)) Cook, S.E. (1986)- Triassic sediments from East Kekneno, West Timor. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, p. 1-384. (Facies trends and current directions suggest Triassic turbiditic sediments in NW Timor derived from easterly source. Sandstone composition less mature than in most age-equivalent Australia NW shelf well samples. Heavy mineral assemblages suggest some similarities with two samples from Sahul Shoals 1 well; may be from similar source) Cook, S.E., K. Hasan, A. Said & S. Hidayat (1989)- Stratigraphic sequences in deep-water Triassic sediments from Timor. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 25-41. (‘Para-autochtonous’ deep-water M-L Triassic in E Kekneno area. Three parallel sequences of same age. Propose formation names Niof Fm for fine-grained slope deposits, Babulu Fm for base-of-slope turbidites. Turbidite sole marks suggest dominant flow direction from ENE to WSW. NNE-to-SSW low-angle thrusting) Cook, S.E., K. Hasan, A. Said & S. Hidayat (1990)- Stratigraphic sequences in deep-water Triassic sediments from Timor. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, p. 74 (Abstract only) (11 units in Triassic, representing 3 separate sequences, all deep water. Sediment source predominantly from NNE) Cotelo Neiva, J.M. (1955)- Alguns marmores do Timor portugues. Garcia de Orta 3, 2, p. 205-209. ('Some marbles from Portuguese Timor') Cox, N. (2009)- Variable uplift from Quaternary folding along the Northern coast of East Timor based on Useries age determinations of coral terraces. M.Sc. Thesis, Brigham Young University, 135 p. (online at http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/....) Cox, N., R. Harris & D. Merritts (2006)- Quaternary uplift of coral terraces from active folding and thrusting along the northern coast of Timor-Leste. Eos Trans. AGU, 87, 52, Fall Mtg. Suppl., p. (Abstract only) (Number of major emergent coral terraces along N coast Timor-Leste increases from 2 to 25 over 150 km from C to E Timor-Leste. Vertical displacement increases from < 0.3 in W to 1.0-1.5 mm/yr in E. Both erosional (regressional) and depositional terraces. Active uplift associated with N-ward movement along retro-wedge thrust faults) Crespin, I. (1956)- Micropalaeontological examination of rock specimens from Portuguese Timor. Bur. Min. Res., Canberra, Rec. 1956/65, 3p. Crespin, I. (1959)- Micropalaeontological report on rock samples from Portuguese Timor. Bur. Min. Res., Canberra, Rec. 1959/92, 3p. Crespin, I. & D.J. Belford, (1959)- Micropalaeontology of further rock samples from Portuguese Timor. Bur. Min. Res., Canberra, Rec. 1959/118, 3p. Cross, I. (1990)- Hydrocarbon potential of Timor laid bare. Petromin, October 1990, p. 40-44. Cross, I. (2000)- The search for oil and gas on East Timor. Petrol. Expl. Soc. GB Newsl., Feb. 2000, p. 62-66. Crostella, A.A. & D.E. Powell (1975)- Geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Timor area. Proc. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 149-171. (Exploration history, etc. Consider Timor sediments all parts of Australian margin)


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Da Costa Monteiro, F. (2003)- Late Triassic strata from East Timor: stratigraphy, sedimentology and hydrocarbon potential. M.Sc. Thesis, Auckland University, 115 p. (with palynogy analyses by R. Helby) Da Costa Monteiro, F., J.A. Grant-Mackie, B. Ricketts & B. Woods (2003)- Some Late Triassic rocks in Timor Leste. In: Int. Conf. Opportunities and challenges for oil & gas & mining sectors in Timor-Leste, Dili 2003, 31 p. Da Costa Monteiro, F., B. Ricketts, J.A. Grant-Mackie & B. Woods (2002)- Late Triassic strata from East Timor- stratigraphy, sedimentology and hydrocarbon potential. Geol. Soc. New Zealand, Ann. Conf. Abstracts, p.17. (E Timor Late Triassic flysch-like interbedded sandstone- shale in lower part; upper part mainly calcarenites, massive sandstones and polymict conglomerates. Locally, Wailuli Fm, a name applied to E-M Jurassic rocks based on ammonites and belemnites, extends down into Late Triassic. Much of Wailuli Fm is Late Triassic, with Carnian- Norian age ammonites (Juvavites, etc.) and Halobia in marls and limestones. Babulu Fm, defined in W Timor as Late Triassic flysch facies, can be extended into E Timor to cover most rocks previously mapped as Wailuli Fm. Abundant organic matter may be source for hydrocarbons) De Azeredo Leme, J. (1963)- The eastern end geology of Portuguese Timor (a preliminary report). Garcia de Orta (Lisboa) 11, 2, p. 379-388. De Azeredo Leme, J. (1968)- Breve ensaio sobre la geologia da provincia de Timor. Junta de Invest. do Ultramar, Curso de Geologia do Ultramar 1, p. 105-161. (‘Brief overview of the geology of the province of Timor’. In Portuguese) De Azeredo Leme, J. & A.V. Pinto Coelho (1962)- Sombre una rocha granitoide da parte oriental da Ilha de Timor. Garcia de Orta (Lisboa) 10, 2, p. 407-410. ('On a granitoid rock from the eastern part of Timor island') De Azeredo Leme, J. & A.V. Pinto Coelho (1962)- Geologia do enclave de Oecusse (Provincia de Timor). Garcia de Orta (Lisboa) 10, 3, p. 553-566. (‘Geology of the Ocussi enclave, Timor’. Occurrence of U Triassic and Tertiary sediments and igneous rocks) De Beaufort, L.F. (1923)- On a collection of Upper Cretaceous teeth and other vertebrate remains from a deep sea deposit in the island of Timor. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verhand. 4, p. 57-70. (Decalcified fish and reptile teeth from Cretaceous oceanic red clays with manganese nodules from Niki Niki area, SW Timor, originally described by Molengraaff, 1920. Locality is at NW margin of Kolbano foldbelt) De Bruyne, D.L. (1941)- Sur la composition et la genese du basin central de Timor. Ph.D.Thesis University of Amsterdam, 98 p. (Also in H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands, III, p. 135-238) (‘On the composition and genesis of the Central basin of Timor’. Mainly on the Neogene deposits of Central Basin of W Timor. Early Miocene calcareous conglomerates with schist fragments and Spiroclypeus (probably latest Oligocene 'Cablac Limestone' equivalent; see also Marks 1954, HvG). Pliocene Globigerina marls) De Marez Oyens, F.A.H.W. (1933)- On Paralegoceras sundaicum Haniel and related forms. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 36, 1, p. 88-98. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016378.pdf) (Six species of Permian Paralegoceras distinguished by Smith (1927) in Jonker Timor collection are all variations of P. sundaicum Haniel) De Marez Oyens, F.A.H.W. (1938)- Preliminary note on the occurrence of a new ammonoid fauna of Permian age on the island of Timor. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 41, 10, p. 1122-1126.


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(online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017273.pdf) (Listing of Permian ammonites from new locality Tae Wei, 5 km NE of Basleo. Thought to be stratigraphically transitional between known Basleo and Bitauni faunas) De Marez Oyens, F.A.H.W. (1940)- Neue Permische Krinoiden von Timor, mit Bemerkungen über deren Vorkommen im Basleogebiet. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands, etc., 1937, Noord Hollandsche Publ., Amsterdam, 1, p. 285-348. (‘New Permian crinoids from Timor, with remarks on their occurrence in the Basleo area’. NW of Basleo Permian limestones generally thin lenses, associated with marls and common diabase with tuffs, coarse conglomerates with brachiopods. Marls locally rich in crinoids. In some areas this Permian adjacent to deep marine Cretaceous with manganese nodules and fish teeth) De Marez Oyens, F.A.H.W. (1940)- Platycrinus tuberculatus Oyens, a Correction. Geol. Mag. 77, 3, p 253254. (Suggests Permian crinoid Platycrinus wrighti to replace P. tuberculatus, from Basleo, Timor) De Marez Oyens, F.A.H.W. (1941)- Over het voorkomen van Fusulina-kalken in het Basleo gebied. Handel. 28th Nederl. Natuur- Geneesk. Congr., Utrecht, p. 240-242. ('On the occurrence of Fusulina limestones in the Basleo area’. Loose blocks of fusulinid limestones in Noil Boenoe river deposits. In Noil Toeke in series of Permian rocks enclosed in Mesozoic rocks, probably remnants of thrust sheet) De Roever, W.P. (1940)- Geological investigations in the Southwestern Moetis Region (Netherlands Timor). Ph.D. Thesis University of Amsterdam, 244 p. (also in H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 1937, 2, Noord Hollandsche Publ., Amsterdam, p. 97-344) (Detail maps and descriptions of SW Mutis Mts region. Distinguishes tectonically juxtaposed rock series of similar ages, but different facies. Rock types Pre-Permian(?) crystalline schists, Kekneno series (PermianTriassic flysch), Sonnebait series (= 'Maubisse Fm'; Permian crinoid/brachiopod limestones with basic volcanics, Triassic cephalopod- limestones, Jurassic marls with cherts and radiolarites, U Cretaceous Globotruncana limestone and marls with cherts), Fatoe series (Triassic oolitic limestones and Liassic Mytilus limestones) and ophiolite-spilite complex. Major thrust plane between Kekneno and Sonnebait series. Fatoe series youngest nappe complex overlies ophiolite-spilite complex which may belong to same nappe as crystalline schists. Main strike direction NW-SE, dipping NE) De Roever, W.P (1940)- Description of some Permian ammonoids from F. Koekatoe, Lidak. Palaeontological Appendix to Simons (1940), in H.A. Brouwer (ed.) (1940) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 1937, 1, p. 206-210. (New species of cyclolobid ammonite Waagenoceras lidacense from Lower Permian of NE West Timor) De Roever, W.P (1940)- Uber Spilite und verwandte Gesteine von Timor. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 43, 5, p. 630-634. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017447.pdf) ('On spilites and related rocks from Timor’. W Timor Mutis area with complex of Pre-Tertiary spilite, dolerite, basalt, gabbro, lherzolite and serpentinite. Associated with crystalline schists and Palelo series (= Banda Terrane of later authors). Also commonly found below Triasic 'Fatu limestones'. Common albitization in spilite) De Roever, W.P. (1941)- Die permischen Alkaligesteine und die Ophiolite des Timorischen Faltengebirges. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 44, 8, p. 993-995. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017655.pdf) (‘The Permian alkaline rocks and ophiolites of the Timor foldbelt’. Permian Sonnebait series mainly shallow marine, highly fossiliferous crinoidal limestones with volcanic rocks: mainly olivine basalts, trachybasalts, alkali trchytes and alkali rhyolites, also spilites and poeneites. Present both N and S of Plio-Pleistocene Central Basin. No similar volcanics observed in Permian- Triassic flysch facies of the Kekneno series. Post-Permian igneous rocks mainly ophiolites)


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De Roever, W.P. (1941)- De prae-Miocene tektoniek van het ZW Moetis gebied (Timor) in verband met het karakter der oudere eruptiefgesteenten. Handelingen 28e Nederl. Natuur. Geneesk. Congr. 1941, p. 242-244. ('The pre-Miocene tectonics of the SW Mutis area, Timor, in relation to the nature of older volcanic rocks') De Roever, W.P. (1942)- Olivine-basalts and their alkaline differentiates in the Permian of Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 1937, 4, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 209-289. (Descriptions of basic volcanics of ‘Sonnebait series’ (=Maubisse complex; HvG), associated with shallow marine Permian crinoidal limestones. Triassic-Jurassic-Cretaceous of Sonnebait series all pelagic sediments) De Roever, W.P. (1959)- Schwach alkalischer fruhgeosynklinaler Vulkanismus in Perm der insel Timor. Geol. Rundschau 48, p. 179-184. ('weakly alkaline, early geosynclinals volcanism in the Permian of Timor’. Permian basic volcanics of Timor mainly olivine basalts, also alki-trachyte. Do not belong in cratonic setting, but are similar to oceanic basalts and here called 'early geosynclinal') De Smet, M.E.M, A.R. Fortuin, S.R. Troelstra, L.J. Van Marle, M.Karmini, S. Tjokrosapoetro & S. Hadiwisastra (1990)- Detection of collision-related vertical movements in the Outer Banda Arc (Timor, Indonesia), using micropaleontological data. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, p. 337-356. (Timor Central Basin fill Late Pliocene pelagic calcilutites with vitric tuffs (Batu Putih Fm), unconformably over Bobabaro scaly clay and imbricated Early Pliocene-older rocks. Batu Putih carbonates change to submarine fan clastics at ~2.2 Ma (Noele Fm). Source of turbidites was from N Timor and include serpentinite fragments. Two rel. short uplift periods: (1) >600 m uplift at 2.2- 2.0 Ma, associated with creation of Central Basin and emergence of N Timor and (2) >1500m of uplift starting at 0.2 Ma and still ongoing) De Waard, D. (1954)- Contributions to the geology of Timor. I. Geological research in Timor. Indonesian J. Natural Science (Majalah Ilmu Alam Indonesia, Bandung) 110, p. 1-8. (Summary of 1953 Timor expedition of University of Indonesia, Bandung) De Waard, D. (1954)- Contributions to the geology of Timor, II. The orogenic main phase in Timor. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 110, p. 9-20. (Lalan Asu area, SW Timor, typical Palelo Series of schists overlain by Cretaceous flysch, with unconformities at base of shallow marine Eocene and Base Miocene limestones. Basal Miocene conglomerate has Miogypsinoides complanata (Aquitanian age according to Marks 1954, but signifies Chattian, latest Oligocene; HvG). Structural analysis suggests thrusting to S and SSW. Strike directions of Cretaceous, Eocene and Miocene similar, suggesting rel. minor overthrusting in pre-Lower Miocene, main phase in Late Miocene; Sonnebait overthrusts Palelo complex) De Waard, D. (1954)- Contributions to the geology of Timor, V. Structural development of the crystalline schists in Timor. Tectonics of the Lalan Asu Massif. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 110, 4-6, p. 143-153. (Structural analysis of foliation in Lalan Asu schists suggests 2 main structural events; (1)“Pre-Permian?” event caused E-W striking foliation and low-medium grade metamorphism and (2) Late Miocene folding/thrusting, with minor tectonic events in-between. Serpentine masses, occasionally with gabbro, along border of massif between schist and overthrust series) De Waard, D. (1954)- Contributions to the geology of Timor, VI. The second geological Timor expedition, preliminary results. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 110, 4-6, p.154-160. (Tectonics of Timor very complex; overthrusting present, but not like rel. coherent and flat alpine nappes. Crystalline massifs and associated ophiolites probably lenticular masses in overthrust succession. Chaotic structures in Sonnebait series suggest gravity tectonics) De Waard, D. (1955)- Contributions to the geology of Timor, VII. On the tectonics of the Ofu series. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 111, 4-6, p.137-143.


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(Ofu series in mountainous area near S coast of W Timor (later called Kolbano foldbelt = young accretionary prism of distal Australian NW margin rocks; HvG) consists of Jurassic-Cretaceous marly limestones, highly folded with E-W fold axis orientation and N-ward dips. Ofu series may be thrust over more marly PermoTriassic 'parautochtonous' Kekneno series) De Waard, D. (1955)- Contributions to the geology of Timor, VIII. Tectonics of the Sonnebait overthrust unit near Nikiniki and Basleo. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 111, 4-6, p. 144-150. (SW Timor Sonnebait overthrust unit in Nikiniki- Basleo region with famous Permian-Triassic fossil localities. Mainly composed of Permian shales and reddish limestones with common pillow basalts, and subordinate Triassic cephalopod limestones and Cretaceous deep sea clays. Structurally complex, with NW-SE trending fold axes. Tectonically over Ofu series in S, which is separate overthrust sheet with different stratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous marly limestones and with E-W trending fold axes) De Waard, D. (1956)- Contributions to the geology of Timor, IX. Geology of a N-S across Western Timor. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 112, 2, p. 1-13. (W Indonesian Timor northern and southern zones of overthrust structures, separated by central basin with latest Miocene-Pleistocene sediments and bordered on S by major (~2,000 m of throw) Nikiniki fault. Overthrusting completed in Early Miocene. Orogenic movements continued with faulting, tilting of blocks, and formation of central depression. Position of Tertiary volcanic rocks along N coast not yet clear) De Waard, D. (1957)- Contributions of the geology of Timor, XII. The third Timor geological expedition, preliminary results. Indon. J. Nat. Sci. 113, p. 7-43. (1957 Timor Expedition. Mutis unit proposed for tectonic unit composed of crystalline basement overlain by Palelo (+U Jurassic?+ Cretaceous greywackes and volcanics), Eocene limestone and volcanics and Lower Miocene reefal limestones and volcanics, all folded (+Banda Terrane of Harris). Fatus, previously assumed separate tectonic units, now considered to be bioherms in Permian, Triassic and Jurassic of Sonnebait overthrust unit.) De Waard, D. (1957)- Zones of regional metamorphism in the Lalan Asu Massif, Timor. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, 60, p. 383-392. (Five metamorphic zones ranging from muscovite-chlorite subfacies to amphibolite facies in crystalline schists of Lalan Asu massif, W Timor. Massif surrounded by marly sediments of Sonnebait overthrust sheet) De Waard, D. (1959)- Anorthite content of plagioclase in basic and pelitic crystalline schists as related to metamorphic zoning in the Usu massif. Timor. Am. J. Sci., 257, p. 553-562. (Sampling of schists in Usu massif yielded detailed pattern of isopleths based on An values of plagioclase. An10 isopleth marks isograd separating greenschist facies from almandine amphibolite facies. Grade of metamorphism probably responsible for plagioclase equilibrium values) Diener, C. (1922)- Ammonoidea trachyostraca aus der mittleren und oberen Trias von Timor. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verh. 4, p. 75-276 + Atlas. (Descriptions of >300 species of M-U Triassic ammonoids from W Timor collected by Jonker 1916 expedition. Assemblages from blocks very rich in well preserved ammonites, resembling ‘Halstatt Limestones’ in Alps, with species of both Alpine-Mediterranean and Himalayan affinities. Dominated by Haloritids. Different blocks different ages, mainly Carnian- Norian or mix of these, but also Anisian and Ladinian faunas. Upper NorianRhaetian faunas not demonstrated. Total thickness of M-U Triassic may be only 2 meters) Dropkin, M.J., R.A. Harris & P.K. Zeitler (1993)- An Oligocene forearc crustal flake exposed in a contemporary arc continent collision, Timor, Indonesia. Geol. Soc. America Abstracts, 25, 6, p. A-482. Ducrocq, S. (1996)- The Eocene terrestrial mammal from Timor, Indonesia. Geol. Mag. 133, 6, p. 763-766. (Skull of Eocene anthracocere (Hippopotamus relative) from N West Timor has Laurasiatic affinities. Can not be autochtonous, unless part of Timor is Asian continental microplate that migrated S and collided with Timor)


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Dun, W. S.& E. David (1922)- Notes on the occurrence of Gastrioceras at the Irwin River Coalfield, W. Australia, and a comparison with the so-called Paralegoceras from Letti, Dutch East Indies. J. Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales, Sydney, 56, p. 249-252 (W Australia Permian cephalopod Gastrioceras very similar to Paralegoceras sundaicum Haniel of Leti island, E of Timor) Earle, M.M. (1979)- Mesozoic ophiolite and blue amphibole on Timor and the dispersal of eastern Gondwanaland. Nature 282, p. 375-378. (Timor Lolotoi unit dismembered metamorphosed ophiolite formed during Jurassic rifting of Australia NW shelf. Rift developed into ocean basin which carried rifted microcontinental block northwards, which accreted to SE Asia in M-Late Cretaceous and experienced low grade metamorphism with crossitic amphibole) Earle, M.M. (1981)- A study of Boi and Molo, two metamorphic massifs on Timor, Eastern Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. London, 240 p. (Unpublished) Earle, M.M. (1981)- The metamorphic rocks of Boi, Timor, Eastern Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, Bandung, p. 239-251. (In W Timor Boi Massif ‘Mutis’ metamorphics isoclinally folded pelitic gneiss at base, amphibolite and metamorphosed gabbroic rocks and serpentinite at top. Late Cretaceous radiometric age. Boi metamorphics overlain by Eocene and Miocene carbonates. In other similar massifs on Timor metamorphics overlain by Palelo Group radiolarian cherts (E-M Cretaceous) and Eocene and Miocene carbonates. Regional foliation EW strike, S dip. Boi and Lalan Asu massifs part of larger metamorphic overthrust sheet, emplaced from N) Earle, M.M. (1983)- Continental margin origin for Cretaceous radiolarian cherts in western Timor. Nature 305, p. 129-130. (Deep water Cretaceous radiolarian cherts interpreted as deep sea deposits, in both ‘autochtonous (Wai Bua, Kolbano) and allochtonous (Noni Fm of Palelo Series in Molo and Miomaffo massifs) parts of Timor. Palelo Group was derived from SE Asia) El Wakeel, S.K. & J.P. Riley (1961)- Chemical and mineralogical studies of fossil red clays from Timor. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 24, p. 260-265. (Manganese nodules nodules from Cretaceous red clay from Noil Tobe, W Timor, chemically very similar to Pacific- Indian oceanic deep sea nodules, providing strong confirmation of deep sea origin) Ely, K.S. (2009)- Geochronology of Timor-Leste and seismo-tectonics of the southern Banda Arc. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Melbourne, 262 p. (online at: http://dtl.unimelb.edu.au/….) (Detrital zircons from N Timor Leste Aileu Complex show major age modes at 270-440 Ma, 860-1240 Ma and 1460-1870 Ma, favouring sediment source from E Malaya- Indochina terrane and maximum depositional age of 270 Ma (E-M Permian). Aileu Complex cooling ages of 6-10 Ma, implying metamorphism must have started by at least ~12 Ma. Metamorphism at this time attributed to arc setting rather than result of collision of Australian continent with Banda Arc. Atauro island N of Timor bi-modal subaqueous volcanism ceased by ~3 Ma, followed by uplift of coral reef terraces to 700 m around island. N of Timor absence of intermediate depth seismicity attributed to slab window down to 350 km depth. Slab under western Savu Sea in down-dip compression at ~70–300 km, beneath a region of arc with closest spacing of volcanoes in Sunda–Banda arc system. Unusual state of stress is attributed to subduction of N extension of Scott Plateau) Ezzoubair, F. (2000)- Recherches sur les Tabules permiens de Timor et sur les affinities des Spongiomorphides du Trias d'Autriche: importances des donnees microstructurales, geochimiques et biochimiques. Ph.D. Thesis Universite Libre Bruxelles, Fac. Sciences, 346p. ('Research on the Permian tabulate corals of Timor and on the affinities of the spongiomorphs of the Triassic of Austria, etc.')


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Falloon, T.J., R.F. Berry, P. Robinson & A.J. Stolz (2006)- Whole-rock geochemistry of the Hili Manu peridotite, East Timor: implications for the origin of Timor ophiolites. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 53, p. 637-649. (Geochemical study of Hili Manu peridotite on N coast E Timor is similar to Oecussi peridotite of N coast of W Timor and suggests supra-subduction origin. Therefore more likely to be part of Banda upper plate, not Australian subcontinental lithosphere. This supports interpretation that Miocene collision between Banda Arc and Australian continental margin produced widespread ‘Cordilleran’-style ophiolites on Timor) Fay, R.O. (1961)- The type species of Pterotoblastus, a Permian blastoid from Timor. Oklahoma Geol. Notes 21, 11, p. 298-300. (Blastoid genus Pterotoblastus from Permian of Timor, with type species, P. gracilis from Basleo beds) Fay, R.O. (1961)- Deltoblastus, a new Permian blastoid genus from Timor. Oklahoma Geol. Notes. 21, 2, p. 3640. (New genus Deltoblastus, with type species D. elongatus, for blastoids from Permian of Timor) Fedorowski, J. (1986)- Permian rugose corals from Timor (remarks on Schouppe and Stacul’s collections and publications from 1955 and 1959). Palaeontographica A 191, 4-6, p. 173-226. Felix, J. (1887)- Untersuchungen uber fossile Holzer. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 39, p. 517-528. ('Research on fossil woods'. p. 519: Description of fossil wood as float in Koinino River, Timor (Araucarioxylon martensi), collected by Martens. Age unknown (Wichmann 1892, p. 194 assumes Tertiary age; Roggeveen 1932 noted similarities with Triassic wood from Riau Archipelago, Sumatra)) Felix, J. (1915)- Jungtertiare und quartare Anthozoen von Timor und Obi- I. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 2, 2, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-45. (‘Late Tertiary and Quaternary anthozoans from Timor and Obi- part 1. Mainly taxonomic descriptions of corals collected by Wanner, Molengraaf 1909, 1911 expeditions) Felix, J. (1920)- Jungtertiare und Quartare Anthozoen von Timor und Obi-II. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 8, 13, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-40. ('Late Tertiary and Quaternary anthozoans from Timor and Obi- part 2') Finch, J. (1994)- Late Triassic and Early Jurassic calcareous nannofossils from Timor. M.Sc. Report, University College, London, p. (Unpublished) (Rose 1994: rel. poor Norian- Rhaetian nanno assemblages in Aitutu Fm, rel. rich ?Sinemurian-Pliensbachianlower Toarcian nannos in Wai Luli Fm) Flugel, E. (2002)- Triassic reef patterns. In: W. Kiessling et al. (eds.) Phanerozoic reef patterns, SEPM Spec. Publ. 72, p. 391-463. (p. 419-420: Timor Norian ‘allochtonous’ reefal limestones: corals mixture of W Tethys and 47% endemic taxa. Conclusion disputed by Martini et al., who argue that bulk of Timor Triassic macrofauna is ‘Tethyan’) Frech, F. (1905)- Untere Trias in Timor und Obertrias der Molukken. Nachtrag zu Trias Asiens. In: Lethaea Geognostica, 2, Das Mesozoicum, p. 541-542. ('Lower Triassic of Timor and Upper Triassic of the Moluccas') Furnish W.M. & B.F. Glenister (1971)- The Lower Permian Somohole fauna of Timor. In: W.B. Saunders, The Somoholitidae: Mississippian to Permian Ammonoidea. J. Palaeont. 45, p. 100-118. (Includes description of Somoholites deroeveri n.sp., a lower Permian goniatite from Somohole Horizon (Sakmarian), Kekneno series, Mutis region, Timor) Fyan, E.C. (1916)- Some young-Pliocene ostracods of Timor. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 18, 2, p. 1205-1216. (online at www.digitallibrary.nl/proceedings/..)


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(Descriptions of nine ostracode species from Pliocene clay along Mota Talau near Atamboea, based on samples collected by Molengraaff Timor expedition 1910-1912) Gageonnet, R. & M. Lemoine (1957)- Note preliminaire sur la geologie du Timor portugues. Garcia de Orta, Lisbon, 5, 1 p. 153-163. (‘Preliminary note on the geology of Portuguese Timor’. Descriptions of stratigraphies of 'Autochtonous' (Permian - Quaternary) and 'Nappe complex' (Permian- Eocene and metamorphics). Discussion of nappe structures. Multiple structural events: main one between Oligocene-M Miocene, lesser one in Pleistocene) Gageonnet, R. & M. Lemoine (1957)- Composition et subdivisions du complexe charrie au Timor portugais. Comptes Rendus hebd. Acad. Sci. Paris 244, p. 2246-2249. (‘Composition and subdivisions of the nappe complex of Portuguese Timor’. Three units in overthrust complex above autochtonous series in Portuguese Timor: lower (Permian Maubisse series shales, volcanics, pink crinoidal limestones), intermediate (crystalline and volcanic rocks mainly in North) and upper complex composed largely of late Cretaceous Fatu- Eocene Same Fm massive limestones) Gageonnet, R. & M. Lemoine (1957)- Sur la stratigraphie de l’autochtone au Timor Portugais. Comptes Rendus hebd. Acad. Sci. Paris 244, p. 2168-2171. (‘On the stratigraphy of the autochtonous of Portuguese Timor’. Deepest unit of E Timor called 'autochtonous'. Composed of Permian Cribas shales and thick Triassic- E Jurassic flysch, overlain by Eocene pelagics. Cretaceous appears to be absent. Unconformably overlain by weakly deformed Neogene Viqueque series marls, sands and conglomerates ) Gageonnet, R. & M. Lemoine (1957)- Sur l'age et les modalites des phenomenes de charriage au Timor portugais. Comptes Rendus hebd. Acad. Sci. Paris 244, 19, p. 2407-2410. (Principal tectonic events of E Timor: major overthrusting before Middle Miocene, followed by formation of simple folds in Plio-Pleistocene and uplift. Displacement driven by gravity played an important role) Gageonnet, R. & M. Lemoine (1958)- Contribution a la connaissance de la geologie de la province Portuguese de Timor. Junta Investig. Ultramar, Lisboa, 134p. (‘Contribution to the knowledge of the geology of Portuguese Timor’. Classic early work on E Timor) Gageonnet, R., M. Lemoine & D. Trumpy (1959)- Problemes petrolifiers dans la province Portugaise de Timor. Rev. Inst. Francais Petrole 14, 1, p. 466-473. (‘Petroleum problems in Portuguese Timor’. W Indonesia commercial hydrocarbon accumulations mainly Neogene age, thick and rel. little deformed. Timor numerous oil and gas shows tied to Permian- Mesozoic geosynclinal series, that underwent alpine nappe tectonics in Miocene, complicating the presence of reservoirs and commercial traps) Gerth, H. (1909)- Timorella permica n.g., n.sp., eine neue Lithistide aus dem Perm von Timor. Centralbl. Min. Geol. Palaont. 1909, p. 695-700. ('Timorella permica, new genus, new species, a new lithistid from the Permian of Timor'. New sponge species from Permian limestone, collected by Verbeek) Gerth, H. (1915)- Die Heterastridien von Timor. Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 2, p. 63-69. ('The Heterastrids from Timor'. Late Triassic small, globular, possibly pelagic colonial hydrozoans, named Heterastridium conglobatum, similar to those originally described from Halstatter Limestone in Austrian Alps. Over 1000 specimens collected by Wanner and Molengraaff expeditions, mainly from Bihati (near Baung, Amarassi), some from Nifoekoko nerar Niki Niki. Appear to be restricted to blocks of the pelagic, deep water 'Halstatt' cephalopod facies with Norian ammonites. Some layers composed exclusively of heterastrids, covered with black iron-manganese coating.) Gerth, H. (1921)- Die Anthozoen der Dyas von Timor. Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stutgart, 9, 16, p. 65-147.


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('The corals from the Permian of Timor'. First and still principal monograph on Permian corals from Timor. 15 species of solitary rugose corals and 3 species of 'waagenophyllid' colonial rugose corals) Gerth, H. (1921)- Der palaeontologische Character der Anthozoenfauna des Perms von Timor. Nederl. Timor Expeditie 1910-1912, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Oost-Indie 49 (1920), Verh. III, 1, p. 1-30. ('The paleontological character of the Permian coral fauna of Timor'. Dominated by solitary corals) Gerth, H. (1926)- Die Korallenfauna des Perm von Timor und die Permische Vereisung. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 2, 1, p. 7-14. (‘The coral fauna of the Permian of Timor and the Permian glaciation’. Timor Permian marine fauna rich in corals, crinoids and fusulinids and is typical warm water fauna. It is contemporaneous with glaciations in nearby Australia, suggesting these areas were farther apart in Permian time. With world map showing distribution of Permian floras and faunas) Gerth, H. (1927)- Ein Heterastridium mit eigenartiger Oberflachen Skulptur aus dem Perm von Timor. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 2, p. 223-225. ('A Heterastridium with unusual surface sculpture from the Permian of Timor'. New species of Triassic hydrozoan described as Heterastridium (Stoliczkaria) rugosum from Noil Boewan, presumably from Triassic limestones of Nifoekoko area) Gerth, H. (1927)- Ueber einige Pliozan-Quartare Echinoiden von Timor. Palaeontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 15, 26, p. 181-184. ('On some Pliocene- Quaternary echinoids from Timor') Gerth, H. (1929)- Die Spongien aus dem Perm von Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) 2e Nederlandsche TimorExpeditie VI, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 55 (1926), Verhand. I, p. 93-132. ('The sponges from the Permian of Timor'. At least 25 species of siliceous sponges in Permian, collected by 1916 Jonker Timor expedition. 25 species, most of them new. Rather endemic assemblage of lithistids) Gerth, H. (1931)- Coelenterata. In: Onze palaeontologische kennis van Nederlandsch Oost Indie.. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5 (Martin volume), p. 120-151. (‘Our paleontological knowledge of the Netherlands Indies: Coelenterata’. Includes Timor corals) Gerth, H. (1942)- Formenfulle und Lebensweise der Heterastridien von Timor. Palaeont. Zeitschr. 23, p.181202. ('Shapes and mode of living of the Heterastrids of Timor'. On Late Triassic hydrozoan fossils, also known from other parts of the Tethys, from Austrian Alps to New Zealand. ) Gerth, H. (1944)- Eune neue Art der Spongiengattung Mortieria des belgischen Kohlenkalkes aus dem Perm von Timor. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 14 (Tesch volume), p. 199-203. ('A new species of the sponge genus Mortieria from the Belgian Carboniferous from the Permian of Timor'. Mortieria permica from Tai Wei near Basleo) Gerth, H. (1950)- Die Ammonoiden des Perm von Timor und ihre Bedeutung fur die stratigraphische Gliederung der Perm-Formationen. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaont., Abhandl. B, 91, 2, p. 233-320. (‘The ammonoids from the Permian of Timor and significance for zonation of Permian formations’. Key paper on Timor Permian ammonite zonation and correlations with Sumatra, China, Japan, Alps, etc. Five horizons) Gheyselinck, R. (1934)- Zur Systematik der Aulacoceraten. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 37, 3, p. 173-180. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016371.pdf) ('On the systematics of the aulacocerates'. Study of >3000 Asteroconid and Aulacoceratid belemnites from the Triassic of W Timor (probably Late Triassic 'Halstatter facies'), collected by Jonker Timor expedition. Timorese


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aulacocerates may be viewed as two varieties (savutica and timorensis) of the alpine species Aulacoceras sulcatum Von Hauer) Gheyselinck, R.F.C.R. (1937)- Permian trilobites from Timor and Sicily. Thesis University of Amsterdam, Scheltema & Holkema, Amsterdam, 108 p. (Comprehensive study of rare trilobites from Permian of Timor. About 100 specimens, 7 species, mainly from Basleo. Most common species is Neoproetus indicus Tesch. No locality maps or stratigraphic info) Giani, L. (1971)- The geology of the Belu District of Indonesian Timor. Unpubl. M.Sc. Thesis Univ. of London, p. 1-122. (First definition of Triassic Babulu Fm siliciclastic flysch, supposedly age-equivalent of E Timor Aitutu Fm; Cook 1986) Glenister, B.F. & W.M. Furnish (1987)- New Permian representatives of ammonoid superfamilies Marathonitaceae and Cyclolobaceae. J. Paleont. 61, 5, p. 982-998. (New species Eohyattoceras gerthi and Cardiella martodjojoi from late Early Permian (Roadian) of Basleo and Bitauni, Timor. Demarezites oyensi (Gerth, 1950 from Tae Wei, Basleo) and D. lidacensis (de Roever, 1940, from Lidak district), formerly assigned to Waagenoceras, ancestral to Waagenoceras-Cyclolobus lineage, redescribed from Roadian of Timor) Glenister, B.F., W.M. Furnish & Z. Zhou (2004)- Paedopronorites, a new Upper Permian (Wuchiapingian) ammonoid from Indonesia (Timor). J. Paleont. 78, 5, p. 1014-1015. (New Permian ammonoid from Amarassi Beds, Kuafeu (Koeafeoe), Baun area, Amarassi Province, W Timor. Associated with cyclolobid genera Timorites and Cyclolobus. No strat info) Grady, A.E. (1975)- A reinvestigation of thrusting in Portuguese Timor. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 22, p. 223-228. (Field relations from Maubisse region of Portuguese Timor fail to support hypothesis of S-ward overthrusting of Permian rocks or postulate that Maubisse Fm represents a mid-Tethys island group (This ‘autochtonous’ model has been widely criticized in other papers; HvG)) Grady, A.E. & R.F. Berry (1977)- Some Palaeozoic-Mesozoic stratigraphic-structural relationships in East Timor and their significance in the tectonics of Timor. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 24, p. 203-214. (‘Autochtonous’ model suggested for development of Timor, with essentially no allochtonous pre-Cenozoic material) Grady, A.E. & R.F. Berry (1980)- The significance of blue amphibole in Timor. Inst Australasian Geodynamics (Flinders University) Publ. 80, 5, p. Grunau, H.R. (1953)- Geologie von Portugiesisch Osttimor. Eine kurze Ubersicht. Eclog. Geol. Helvetiae 46, p. 29-37. (‘Geology of Portuguese East Timor: a brief overview’. Two tectonic complexes in East Timor (1) essentially autochthonous unit of Permian, Triassic, Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous- Tertiary geosynclinal sediments, and (2) overthrust complex with crystalline schists, diabases and spilites, Permian crinoidal and massive limestones and Fatu limestones. Main period of nappe emplacement probably post-Aquitanian) Grunau, H.R. (1956)- Zur Geologie von Portugiesisch Osttimor. Mitteil. Naturforsch. Ges. Bern, N.F. 13, p. 1118. (‘On the geology of Portuguese Timor’. Summary of a presentation for Bern Nature Research Society in 1955) Grunau, H.R. (1957)- Neue Daten zur Geologie von Portugesisch Osttimor. Eclog. Geol. Helvetiae 50, p. 69-98. (‘New data on the geology of Portuguese Timor’. Aspects of East Portuguese Timor geology based on observations of 1947-1948 oil company (Shell?) fieldwork) Grunau, H.R. (1957)- Geologia da parte oriental do Timor Portugues. Garcia de Orto 5, 4, p. 727-737.


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(‘Geology of the E part of Portuguese Timor’. Portuguese translation of Grunau 1953 paper) Grundel, J. & H. Kozur (1975)- Psychrospharische Ostracoden aus dem Perm von Timor. Freiberger Forsch.Hefte C 304, p. 39-49. (Permian ostracodes in samples from Mutis area, W Timor, collected by De Roever in 1937, interpreted as deepwater Early Permian) Haig, D.W. (2004)- Stratigraphic reconstruction of Timor Leste and correlation to the Bonaparte Basin. PESA Newsletter 73, p. (Geology in Timor Symposium Abstract) (Wai Luli Formation type area clastics ranges in age from Late Permian- Middle Jurassic; stratigraphic succession similar to Bonaparte Basin) Haig, D.W. (2012)- Palaeobathymetric gradients across Timor during 5.7–3.3 Ma (latest Miocene-Pliocene) and implications for collision uplift. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 331-332, p. 50-59. (On palaeobathymetry of oldest post-collision deposits in Timor, from distributions of planktonic and benthic foraminifera in chalk, marl and mudstone successions that accumulated during 5.7-3.3 Ma. Paleo water depth between 500-2500m, deepening from N to S, E and W) Haig, D.W. & E. McCartain (2007)- Carbonate pelagites in the post-Gondwana succession (CretaceousNeogene) of East Timor. Australian J. Earth Sci. 54, 6, p. 875-897. (Upper parts of Permian- M Jurassic ‘Gondwana Megasequence’ structurally juxtaposed against Aptian- Late Miocene carbonate pelagites. Pelagites probably several 100m thick, bathyal, deposited unconformably above Gondwana succession after continental breakup. Cementation, stylolitisation and vein formation after early Late Miocene (after 10.9- 9.8 Ma). Deformed succession overlain by relatively undeformed Plio- Pleistocene Viqueque Megasequence (N18- N23). Proximal turbidite deposition started at ~3.35 Ma with clasts from emerging Timor island to N. M bathyal continental terrace setting continued from Cretaceous- Paleogene to E Pliocene. Soft-sediment mixing in deformed pelagites and Bobonaro Melange under Viqueque MS suggests Late Miocene (9.8 - 5.6 Ma) tectonic mobilisation of sedimentary units, with mud volcanoes erupting on seafloor) Haig, D.W. & E. McCartain (2010)- Triassic organic-cemented siliceous agglutinated foraminifera from TimorLeste: conservative development in shallow marine environments. J. Foram. Res. 40, 4, p. 366-392. (49 species of agglutinated foraminifera in 11 facies associations in Triassic basinal deposits of Timor Leste. One genus and five species new. Fauna cosmopolitan composition. Coherent stratigraphic sections not preserved and stratigraphic reconstruction is based on correlations using conodonts, palynomorphs and other forams. Most samples Upper Triassic, some Lower Triassic. Facies associations range from those influenced by sediment from nearby carbonate banks to prodelta and delta-front associations) Haig, D.W. & E. McCartain (2012)- Intraspecific variation in Triassic ophthalmidiid Foraminifera from Timor. Revue Micropal. 55, 2, p.39-52. (Four ophthalmidiid species from Triassic mudstones and wackestones. In Timor Leste, A. bandeiraensis, K. atsabensis and S. grunaui found with Carnian conodonts, at another locality K. atsabensis occurs with conodonts suggestive of M Triassic) Haig, D.W., E. McCartain, L. Barber & J. Backhouse (2007)- Triassic- Lower Jurassic foraminiferal indices for Bahaman-type carbonate-bank limestones, Cablac Mountain, East Timor. J. Foram. Res. 37, 3, p. 248-264. (Peloidal- oolitic limestones on Cablac Mountain in E Timor contain Triassic or Lower Jurassic small foraminifera, not Lower Miocene as previously mapped. E Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian) age indicated by Meandrovoluta asiagoensis, Everticyclammina praevirguliana and palynomorphs. Other limestones Late Triassic- Early Jurassic, based on Duotaxis metula. Basinal facies of nearby Wai Luli Valley indicate Late Triassic (Carnian) transported carbonate-bank foraminiferal assemblage, suggesting carbonate banks developed locally on topographic highs in seas that flooded interior-rift basins in this part of Gondwana and that complex facies array of deep-water muds, deltaic sands, and carbonate shoals were present)


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Haig, D.W., E.W. McCartain, M. Keep & L. Barber (2008)- Re-evaluation of the Cablac Limestone at its type area, East Timor: revision of the Miocene stratigraphy of Timor. J. Asian Earth Sci. 33, p. 366-378. (Cablac Limestone supposedly a Lower Miocene shallow marine carbonate, but is of Late Triassic- Early Jurassic age at Cablac Mountain type locality. Crush breccia at N flank Cablac Mountain formerly regarded as basal conglomerate of Cablac Lst reinterpreted as breccia along high angle fault between ‘Asian’ Banda Terrane and overthrust limestone) Haile, N.S., A.J. Barber & D.J. Carter (1979)- Mesozoic cherts on crystalline schists in Sulawesi and Timor. J. Geol. Soc. London 136, p. 65-70. (Chert-bearing deep water Jurassic-Cretaceous, unconformable on metamorphics of continental origin in SW Sulawesi and Timor, suggesting Sulawesi and Timor probably part of continuous terrain during deposition of radiolarian cherts. Description of Noil Toko section of Miomaffo complex where Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous radiolarian cherts overlie Mutis-Miomaffo metamorphics) Hamlet, B. (1928)- Permische Brachiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten und Gastropoden von Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) 2e Nederlandsche Timor-Expeditie VI, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 56 (1927), Verh. 2, p. 1-115. (Permian brachiopods and molluscs from W Timor, collected by 1911 Molengraaff and 1915-1917 Jonker expeditions. Little or no stratigraphy or locality information) Haniel, C.A. (1915)- Ammoniten aus dem Perm der Insel Letti. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 43 (1914) Verhand. 1, p. 161-165. (‘Ammonites from the Permian of Leti Island’ (E of Timor). Brief descriptions of presumably Early Permian ammonites Paralegocereas sundaicum, Agathiceras sundaicum n.sp. and Propinacoceras sp. from greywacke shale at S slope of 'small Woerlawan' Mountain, Leti. Similar to Bitauni fauna from W Timor) Haniel, C.A. (1915)- Die Cephalopoden der Dyas von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 3, 6, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-153. (‘The cephalopods from the Permian of Timor’. First systematic monograph on Permian ammonites from 35 localities on W and E Timor, after brief early papers by Beyrich (1865), Rothpletz (1892) and Boehm (1907). Incl. new species like Sundaites levis) Hantoro, W.S. (1994)- Batugamping terumbu koral Kuarter terangkat di Timor. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 192-207. ('Uplifted Quaternary reefal limestones of Timor') Hantoro, W.S., A. Sofian & Z. Abidin (1994)- Geologi dan sumberdaya air wilayah pesisir utara lintasan Liquica-Los Palos, Propinsi Timor Timur. In: Proc. hasil-hasil penelitian Puslitbang Geoteknologi-LIPI 1993/1994, 1, p. 464-488. Harahap, B.H. (2003)- Melange and broken formation on the road from Baucau to Manatuto, Timor Leste. Bul. Geologi (ITB) 35, 1, p. 25-42. (Melange and broken formation along Baucau- Manatuto road. Melange with scaly mudstone matrix and clasts of crinoidal limestone, pelagic limestone, oolitic limestone, radiolarian chert, sandstone, serpentinite, pillow lava and volcanic rock, fragments of manganese. Broken formation composed mainly of Triassic Aitutu Fm and Permian Maubisse and Atahoc Fms. Most clasts, except serpentinite and radiolarian chert same as broken formation units (also occur as more coherent, mappable units in C Range of Timor Leste). Serpentinite, radiolarian chert and possibly some pillow lavas thought to be derived from Flores Sea Basin to N. Melange and broken formation may have formed during Australian continent- Banda Arc collision in Pliocene) Harper, K. (2004)- Constraining the uplift history of the Banda arc. Geology in Timor 2004 Symposium abstract, PESA Newsletter 73, p. 32 (Preliminary results of apatite analysis from Aileu metamorphic complex suggest slow cooling between 16.44.6 Ma, with no significant subsequent denudation)


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Harris, R.A. (1989)- Processes of allochton emplacement with special reference to the Brooks Range ophiolite, Alaska and Timor. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 514 p. Harris, R.A. (1991)- Temporal distribution of strain in the active Banda orogen: a reconciliation of rival hypotheses. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 373-386. (On the Australian continental margin- Banda arc collision zone, mainly around Timor- Savu- Sumba. Collision began in C Timor at end of Miocene) Harris, R. (2006)- Rise and fall of the Eastern Great Indonesian arc recorded by the assembly, dispersion and accretion of the Banda Terrane, Timor. Gondwana Res. 10, 3-4, p. 207-231. (Banda Terrane is remnant of Jurassic-Eocene arc-trench system that formed E part of Great Indonesian Arc. Arc rifted apart during Eocene- Miocene supra-subduction zone spreading, which dispersed ridges of Banda Terrane embedded in young oceanic crust as far S as Sumba and Timor. In Timor Banda Terrane high-level thrust sheets, detached from Banda Sea upper plate and uplifted by collision with NW Australia margin. Thrust sheets contain medium grade metamorphics overlain by Cretaceous- Miocene forearc deposits. Igneous zircons <162 Ma with cluster of ages at 83 Ma and 35 Ma. Ar/Ar plateau ages from metamorphics cluster at 32-38 Ma. Cooling curve shows exhumation from ~550 °C to surface between 36-28 Ma; after this time no evidence of metamorphism. Banda Terrane rocks and events similar to E edge of Sunda Shelf and Banda Sea floor) Harris, R. (2011)- The nature of the Banda Arc-continent collision in the Timor region. In: D. Brown & P.D. Ryan (eds.) Arc-continent collision, Frontiers in Earth Sciences 2, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, p. 163-211. (Extensive review of oblique collision of Banda arc- Australian continent in Timor region) Harris, R.A. & M.G. Audley-Charles (1987)- Taiwan and Timor neotectonics: a comparative review. Mem. Geol. Soc. China 9, p. 45-61. (Taiwan and Timor both thrust belts formed by Pliocene- Recent convergence between passive continental margin and volcanic arc. Taiwan greater rate of uplift, thicker deforming sedimentary wedge and well- defined seismically active suture zone) Harris, R.A., J.S. Kaiser, A.J. Hurford & A. Carter (2000)- Thermal history of Australian passive margin cover sequences accreted to Timor during Late Neogene arc-continent collision, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, 1, p. 47-69. (Paleotemperature and apatite fission track analysis of Australian continental margin cover sequences accreted to active Banda arc-continent collision indicate little to no heating during late Neogene uplift and exhumation. Thrust stacking of rise, slope and shelf units produces inverted vertical profile of increasing apatite fission track age with depth. Lack of any long confined track lengths in apatite from all units requires rapid and recent exhumation of thrust stack, coincident with rapid phases of Plio-Pleistocene exhumation These data preclude pre-Late Miocene tectonic burial or pre-Pliocene exhumation of NW Australian continental margin) Harris, R.A. & T. Long (2000)- The Timor ophiolite, Indonesia: model or myth? Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Paper 349, p. 321-330. (Only parts of ophiolite sequence are small bodies of spinel lherzolite and volcanic rocks. Lherzolite mostly as blocks in Bobonaro melange, and similar to peridotites from abyssal and passive-margin settings. E Timor lherzolite associated with Aileu complex. Mesozoic prograde metamorphism of Aileu complex increases toward lherzolite bodies via Barrovian zonation. Aileu complex and lherzolites similarly affected by Late Neogene collisional (retrograde) metamorphism. W Timor Atapupu and Nefomasi lherzolites indistinguishable from those of E Timor. Position of lherzolite indicates affinity to thrust sheets accreted from distal edge of Australian continental margin (lower plate) rather than upper plate forearc basement. Lherzolite and volcanics in Ocussi region different and may represent parts of young, SSZ ophiolite, emplaced less than a few Myr of birth). Harris, R.A., R.K. Sawyer & M.G. Audley-Charles (1998)- Collisional melange development: geologic associations of active melange-forming processes with melange facies in the western Banda orogen, Indonesia. Tectonics 17, 3, p. 458-479.


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(Bobonaro melange facies include (1) broken formation, (2) matrix-rich mud injections, (3) mixed block-in-clay facies. Most important control is whether formed beneath or in front of upper plate Banda forearc Terrane. Kolbano Mts (Pliocene fold- thrust wedge of S Timor, structurally contiguous with Timor Trough deformation front) melange mostly broken formation and matrix-rich injections of mud from Jurassic- Cretaceous. Mud diapirs rise from near decollement along fault conduits. Melange in hinterland of orogenic wedge dominantly block-in-clay facies with large blocks from roof thrust sheets of Banda Terrane and Maubisse Fm units. At base of thrust sheets is Sonnebait Disruption Zone (SDZ), the initial suture between Banda Terrane and Australian margin sequences in Late Miocene- E Pliocene. Thickest accumulations of block-in-clay melange at S edge of SDZ, near Central and Viqueque synorogenic basins. Extent of block dispersion and mixing in SDZ indicative of intense shear strains perhaps induced by oversupply of accretable material when suture zone clogged by underthrusting of Australian continental margin) Harris, R.A., M.W. Vorkink, C. Prasetyadi, E. Zobell & N.Roosmawati (2009)- Transition from subduction to arc-continent collision: geological and neotectonic evolution of Savu, Indonesia. Geosphere 5, p. 1-20. ('Savu melange' product of Sunda/Banda arc- Australian continent collision. Blocks of Permian- Palaeogene indurated sandstone, limestone and metamorphic and igneous rocks floating in muddy matrix, correlated with Bobonaro melange of Timor and associated with recent mud diapyrism) Harris, R.A. & S. Wu & T.R. Charlton (1992)- Comment and Reply on "Postcollisional extension in arccontinent collision zones, eastern Indonesia". Geology 20, 1, p. 92-94. (Discussion of Charlton 1991 paper on postcollisional isostatic rebound of Timor area) Harsolumakso, A.H. (1993)- Etude lithostratigraphique et structurale le long du transect Wini-Kolbano a Timor Ouest (Indonesie). Doct. Thesis, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, 256 p. (‘Lithostratigraphic and structural study along the Wini-Kolbano transect on West Timor’. Structure and stratigraphic studies across W Timor show two principal deformation phases: (1) pre-Miocene, probably corresponding to emplacement of allochtonous nappes and (2) intense thrusting phase at Early- Middle Pliocene boundary) Harsolumakso, A.H. & M. Villeneuve (1993)- Structural section of Timor: lithostratigraphical and structural study from central part of West Timor. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 82. (Abstract only?) Harsolumakso, A.H., M. Villeneuve, J.J. Cornee, P. De Wever et al. (1995)- Stratigraphie des series paraautochtones du Sud de Timor occidental (Indonesie). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris 320, IIa, p. 881-888. ('Stratigraphy of the para-autochtonous of the South of West Timor'. New Late Triassic- Pleistocene reconstruction of stratigraphy of 'para-autochtonous' series of Kolbano area in SW Timor) Hartono, H.M.S., S. Tjokrosaputro, K. Suwitodirdjo & H.M.D. Rosidi (1975)- Some notes on the geologic map of Timor. In: S. Wiryosujono & A. Sudradjat (eds.) Regional Conf. Geology Mineral Res. Southeast Asia, p. 69-76. Hasan, K. (1984)- A study on heavy minerals from the Kekneno Area, West Timor, Indonesia. Certificate of Chelsea College, Chelsea College, University of London, p. Hasibuan, F. (1994)- Fauna Gondwana dari Formasi Maubisse, Timor Timur. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 104-111. ("Gondwana fauna from the Maubisse Formation, E Timor'. Occurrence of 'Gondwanan' cool-climate brachiopods (Globiella foordi) and bivalves (Atomodesma and Eurydesma) in Permian of Timor Leste, 75 km S of Dili) Hasibuan, F. (2007)- Penelitian biostratigrafi Mesozoikum Pulau Rote, Nusa Tenggara Timur. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC Bandung) 17, 3, p. 126-139.


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('Mesozoic biostratigraphy of Rote Island'. Distribution of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks on Roti broader than previously mapped. Presence of Monotis salinaria in Norian Aitutu Fm. Nakfunu Fm rich in radiolaria of Albian age) Hasibuan, F. (2009)- Geological and paleontological investigation of Rote island, Indonesia. Acta Geol. Sinica 30, Suppl. 1, p. 13 (Abstract only) (Rote Island Permian not exposed, but ammonite Timorites in float indicates Permian, brought to surface by mud volcanoes. Well exposed fossiliferous Mesozoic. Carnian-Norian Aitutu Fm thin-bedded marl with Halobia and Monotis. Bathonian-Berriasian Wailuli Fm fine sandstones and sandy limestone with Perisphinctes timorense, Belemnopsis moluccana, B. galoi, B. stolleyi, etc.. Cretaceous Nakfunu Fm calcilutite with chert interbeds and radiolarians such as Dictyomitra sp., indicating Albian age. Aitutu Fm probably overturned) Hayasaka, I. (1939)- On a piece of Fusulina-limestone found in the Niki-Niki region, Timor. Science 9, p. 8687. Hayasaka, I. (1953)- Hamletella, a new Permian genus of brachiopoda, and a new species from the Kitakami Mountains, Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S. 12, p. 89-95. Hayasaka, I. & S. Gan (1940)- A note on Camarophoria ‘purdoni’ from the Permian of Timor. J. Geol. Soc. Japan 47, 558, p. 127-132. (online at: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/els/...) (Permian brachiopod Camarophoria 'purdoni' of Broili (1916; presumably from Basleo area) includes several species. New species proposed Camarophoria timorensis (now usually called Stenoscisma timorense and viewed as per-Gondwanan, anti-tropical species; HvG)) Hayasaka, I. & M. Hosono (1951)- A new Permian Spirifer from Timor. Tohoku Univ. Inst. Geol. Palaeont. Short Papers 3, p. 25-28. (Incl. new Permian brachiopod species Spirifer basleoensis) Hayasaka, I. & K. Ishizaki (1939)- On the occurrence of Eocene foraminifera in the neighbourhood of Besleo, Timor. Mem. Fac. Science Agric., Taihoku Imp. Univ. 22, 2, Geol. 15, p. 9-17. (online at: http://twgeoref.moeacgs.gov.tw/star/1939/19390077/0009.PDF) (Eocene limestone blocks found in Basleo area, Niki-Niki region, SW Timor, otherwise known mainly for its abundant Permian fossils and Cretaceous manganese-bearing beds with abundant shark teeth. Descriptions of alveolinids (Fasciolites timorensis, F. wichmanni) and Nummulites cf perforata) Hehenwarter, E. (1951)- Erganzungen zur Tabulatenfauna des Perm von Timor und zur Stellung des Genus Trachypsammia Gerth. Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederl.-Indien V, 2, p. 57-94. (‘Observations on Timor Permian tabulate coral faunas’) Helmers, H., J. Sopaheluwakan, F.F. Beunk & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1991)- Metasomatism in basal amphibolite of ophiolite complexes around the Banda Sea, exemplified by the Atapupu outcrops of North Timor, Indonesia. In: Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium on the dynamics of subduction and its products, Yogyakarta 1991, Indonesian Inst. Sciences (LIPI), p. 302-314. Helmers, H., J. Sopaheluwakan, S. Tjokrosapoetro & E. Surya Nila (1989)- High-grade metamorphism related to peridotite emplacement near Atapupu, Timor with reference to the Kaibobo peridotite on Seram, Indonesia. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2/3, p. 357-371. (Peridotites from Seram and Atapupu, Timor show cooling and deformation history starting at ~1050°C Metamorphic conditions in pelitic-mafic rocks below Atapupu peridotite >800°C at 6- 7 kbar. Prograde metamorphism nearly obliterated. Mylonitization accompanied metamorphic re-equilibration. Granitic to trondjemitic melt formed from metamorphites above 750°C. Displaced part of this melt is included in late granitic bodies cross-cutting peridotite. Axial directions of four successive folding phases at Atapupu consistent with N-S shortening during subduction. Folding and mylonitization are simultaneous.)


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Henrici, H. (1934)- Foraminiferen aus dem Eozan und Altmiozan von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Beitrage zur Geologie von Niederlandisch-Indien, Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, 1, p. 1-56. (Larger foraminifera of Eocene (Nummulites, Discocyclina, alveolinids, Pellatispira) and Early Miocene age (Spiroclypeus, Miogypsina, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina)) from W and E Timor) Heritsch, F. (1937)- Rugose Korallen aus dem Salt Range, aus Timor und aus Djoulfa mit Bemerkungen uber die Stratigraphie des Perms. Sitzungsber. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. (Math.-Naturw. Kl.) 146, p. 1-16. ('Rugose corals from the Salt Range, Timor and Djoulfa, with remarks on the stratigraphy of the Permian') Hinde, G.J. (1908)- Radiolaria from Triassic and other rocks of the Dutch East Indian Archipelago. In: R.D.M. Verbeek, Molukkenverslag. Geologische verkenningstochten in het oostelijke gedeelte van den Nederlandsch Oostindische Archipel. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 37 (1908), Wetensch. Ged., p. 694-736. (Radiolaria from samples collected by Verbeek, mainly of Late Triassic age. 83 species identified, 74 new. Richest assemblages from Halobia-Daonella-bearing cherty limestones from Rote and Savu) Hirschi, H. (1907)- Zur Geologie und Geographie von Portugiesisch Timor. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Palaeont. 24, p. 460-474. (First observations on geology and stratigraphy of Portuguese East Timor along traverses made in 1904 during investigation of oil potential (for BPM?)) Hirschi, H. (1933)- Eine geologische Expedition in Portugiesisch Osttimor. Mitteil. Naturf. Ges. Bern, N.F. 13, p. ('A geological expedition in Portuguese East Timor') Hoffmann, R. & H. Keupp (2010)- The myth of the Triassic lytoceratid ammonite Trachyphyllites Arthaber, 1927, in reality an Early Jurassic Analytoceras hermanni Gumbel, 1861. Acta Geol. Polonica 60, 2, p. 219-229. (Trachyphyllites costatum Arthaber (1927) described from single specimen from limestone boulder in Tertiary melange in Bihati River, Timor and presumed to be of Late Triassic (Norian) age. However, 'Hallstatt facies' limestones ranges in age from Triassic- E Jurassic (Hettangian). New collections from other erratic boulders in type locality confirmed observations (Tozer 1971, Krystyn 1978) that age of original boulder is E Jurassic (Hettangian). 'Trachyphyllites costatum Arthaber' is junior synonym of Analytoceras hermanni (Gumbel, 1861)) Howell, D.G. (1989) Tectonics of suspect terranes, mountain building and continental growth. Chapman and Hall, London, p. 1-232. (Includes chapter 'Taiwan to Timor' (p. 159-167) on collisions of island arcs and continental margins) Hughes, B.D., K. Baxter, R.A. Clark & D.B. Snyder (1996)- Detailed processing of seismic reflection data from the frontal part of the Timor trough accretionary wedge, eastern Indonesia. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 75-83. (DAMAR and BIRPS deep seismic lines across Banda Arc E of Timor show normal faulting of Australian margin S of Timor trough, coherent thrust slices in frontal part accretionary wedge) Hunter, D.C. (1993)- A stratigraphic and structural study of the Maubisse area, East Timor, Indonesia. Masters Thesis, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 106 p. (Geologic mapping around Maubisse village in E Timor. Two Permian and one Triassic formations identified: 1) Permian Maubisse Fm of volcaniclastics, limestones and pillow basalts, 2) Permian Cribas Fm dominated by clastics, and 3) Triassic Aitutu Fm, composed mostly of carbonates. Maubisse Fm has been thrust along unconformable contact between Cribas and Aitutu Fm resulting in zone of tectonic melange) Ikegami, T. (1942)- Oil reserve in Portuguese Timor. J. Mining Inst. Japan 58, 685, p. 320-331. Imdahl, H. (1922)- Beitrage zur Petrographie von West-Timor. Centralbl. Min. Geol. Palaeont., p. 65-76.


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Ishikawa, A., Y. Kaneko, A. Kadarusman & T. Ohta (2007)- Multiple generations of fore-arc mafic-ultramafic rocks in the Timor- Tanimbar ophiolite, Eastern Indonesia. In: M. Santosh & S. Maruyama (eds.) Island arcs past and present, Gondwana Res. 11, p. 200-217. (Mafic-ultramafic rocks in Timor-Tanimbar region suggest that buoyant subduction of Australian continent uplifted fragments of mantle-crust. Peridotite masses in Timor (Mutis, Atapupu, Dili) mostly fertile (lherzolitic) in compositions. Overlying Ocussi volcanics resemble island-arc tholeiite, inconsistent with genetic relationship with Timor lherzolites. In eastern islands (Moa, Dai) ophiolitic rocks island-arc affinities. Petrological and geochemical variations best explained by combination of (1) temporal change of igneous activity possibly associated with development of forearc basin and (2) emplacement of spatially different forearc regions in each locality. Fertile lherzolite in forearc setting, high-Mg andesite magmatism, inverted metamorphic grade in associated metamorphics and formation of marginal basins may be linked to injection of high-T asthenospheric materials into mantle wedge) Ishikawa, A., Y. Kaneko, T. Ohta & Y. Isozaki (2011)- Ophiolites in the non-volcanic Banda outer arc of East Indonesia. Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 120, 1, p.52-64. (In Japanese; online at http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography/120/1/52/_pdf) (Looks like summary of Ishikawa et al. 2007) Jacobson, M.I. & K. Sani (1993)- Post-convention fieldtrip 1993- West Timor, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, 95p. Jafar, S.A. (1975)- Calcareous nannoplankton from the Miocene of Rotti, Indonesia. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurkunde, ser. 1, 28, p. 1-99 (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00010962.pdf) (Calcarous nannoplankton from single chalk sample 168 from Bebalain, Roti, collected by Molengraaff 1910 and previously studied by Tan Sin Hok (1927) and Kamptner (1955). Age of sample upper NN9, Discoaster hamatus zone, late M Miocene. Also common reworked Early Cretaceous- Early Miocene nannoplankton) Jansen, H. (1934)- Die Variationsstatistische Methode angewandt auf ein groszes Material von Schizoblastus aus dem Perm von Timor und einige neue Anomalien dieser Gattung. Verhand. Kon. Akad.Wetensch. Amsterdam 37, 10, p. 819-825. (Variation statistics of Permian blastoid Schizoblastus from Basleo and Niipol, W Timor) Jell, P.A. (1999)- A monasterid starfish from the Permian of Timor. Mem. Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 43, 1, p. 340. (Brief first description of two arms of small Permian starfish from Noil Tonino I, SE of Basleo, from Macurda collection) Johnston, C.R. (1981)- A review of Timor tectonics with implications for the development of the Banda Arc. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 199-216. (Australia- Timor collision started ~3Ma, but almost all continental rocks in Timor formed part of Banda forearc. Jurassic and older continental rocks of Timor have N Australian affinity, but probably rifted off in Late Jurassic, collided with SE Asia subduction zone in Cretaceous and was reunited with Gondwanaland when Australian continent arrived at this subduction zone) Johnston, C.R. & C.O. Bowin (1981)- Crustal reactions resulting from the mid-Pliocene to Recent continent island arc collision in the Timor region. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 6, p. 223-243. (Continental edge of Australia first entered subduction zone at ~3 Ma, ) Jonker, H.J.W. (1873)- Rapport van het voorloopig onderzoek naar de aanwezigheid van kopererts op het eiland Timor. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 1873, 1, p. 157-186. (‘Report on investigation of copper ore in Timor Island’)


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Jouannic, C., C.H. Hoang, W.S. Hantoro & R.M. Delimon (1988)- Uplift rate of coral reef terraces in the area of Kupang, West Timor; preliminary results. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 68, p. 259-272. (In Kupang area seven uplifted Quaternary coral reef terraces. Fifth step at 44m elev. dated at 152,000 yrs, giving mean uplift rate of 0.3 mm/yr since last interglacial; faster uplift rates in other parts of Timor) Kadarusman, A., S. Maruyama, Y. Kaneko, T. Ota, A. Ishikawa, J. Sopaheluwakan & S. Omori (2010)- World's youngest blueschist belt from Leti Island in the non-volcanic Banda outer arc of Eastern Indonesia. Gondwana Res. 18, 1, p. 189-204. (Timor-Tanimbar non-volcanic outer Banda Arc with world's youngest ‘A’-type high-P metamorphic belt, outcropping with different stages of evolution. Advanced domal uplift in Timor, still in first stage of tectonic extrusion on Kisar, Leti, Moa, Sermata and Laibobar. Metamorphics on Leti tectonically juxtaposed against overlying ultramafic rocks and underlying unmetamorphosed continental shelf sediments, bound by normal and reverse faults, respectively. Leti metapelites and metabasite units progressive metamorphic zones; highest grades in structurally intermediate levels. Protoliths of Leti metamorphics originally Permo-Triassic. Sediments and igneous rocks at margin of advancing Australian continent entered subduction zone immediately prior to commencement of Banda Arc-Australia collision in Pliocene. Burial reached 30-35 km. Slab-breakoff at depth in collision zone facilitated rapid uplift by wedge extrusion and active erosion during exhumation) Kadarusman, A., S. Maruyama, Y. Kaneko, T. Tsujimori, T. Ohta & J. Sopaheluwakan (1997)- On-going exhumation of blueschist belt in the Timor-Tanimbar Region, Eastern Indonesia. Abstracts, Japan Earth and Planetary Science Joint Meeting 1997, p. Kaneko, Y., S. Maruyama, A. Kadarusman, T. Ota, M. Ishikawa, T. Tsujimori, A. Ishikawa & K. Okamoto (2007)- On-going orogeny in the outer-arc of the Timor-Tanimbar region, Eastern Indonesia. Gondwana Res. 11, p. 218-223. (Timor-Tanimbar one of youngest high P/T metamorphic belts in world. Deformation and metamorphic grade increase towards centre of 1 km thick crystalline belt. Metamorphics extruded as thin sheet between ophiolites and underlying shelf sediments. Central crystalline unit Barrovian-type overprint of high P/T metamorphics during wedge extrusion, and metamorphic grade pumpellyite-actinolite to upper amphibolite facies. Quaternary uplift of ~1260 m in Timor in W, decreasing toward Tanimbar. Exhumation of metamorphics started in Late Miocene in W Timor, migrating/younging to E. Deep-seated high P/T metamorphic belt extruded into shallow levels, followed by doming. ‘Mountain building’ restricted to second stage. Quaternary uplift due to rebound of subducting continental crust due to oceanic slab break-off. Tanimbar not yet affected by later doming) Kanmera, K. & K. Nakazawa (1973)- Permian- Triassic relationship and faunal changes in the eastern Tethys. Mem. Can. Petrol. Geol. 2, p. 100-119. (Timor ‘allochtonous’ shallow marine Asinepe Limestone close affinities to Asian facies and faunas; AudleyCharles et al. 1979) Karig, D.E., A.J. Barber, T.R. Charlton, S. Klemperer & D.M. Hussong (1987)- Nature and distribution of deformation across the Banda Arc-Australian collision zone at Timor. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 98, p. 18-32. (Profiles near Timor show Banda Arc-Australia collision zone similar to typical oceanic subduction system. Present deformation most intense at foot of Timor Trough inner slope. Deformation front discontinuously advancing S as new thrust slices develop in subducted Australian margin strata. Present deformation negligible in Savu Basin, the fore-arc basin N of Timor. Back-arc thrusting N of volcanic arc, but convergence minor compared with Timor Trough deformation. Along-strike variations in Timor Trough- Savu Basin deformation may be related to variable degree of involvement of the Australian continental margin along arc) Kato, M.,K. Takeuchi, A. Hendarsyah & D. Sundari (1999)- On the occurrence of the Permian brachiopod genus Leptodus in Timor. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 9, p. 43-51. (Brachiopod Leptodus probably from Maubisse Fm, but now embedded in Tertiary clay, indicates Timor was in Tethyan faunal realm (but Kato et al. also quote Leptodus occurrence in W Australia; HvG). Timor Permian marine faunas closer affinity to SE Asian Permian faunas than to Australian Gondwana)


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Kaye, S.J. (1989)- The structure of eastern Indonesia: an approach via gravity and other geophysical methods. Ph.D. Thesis, University College, University of London, 239 p. (online at: http://www.bandaarcgeophysics.co.uk/Thesis/Thesis-kaye.pdf) (Study of tectonics of Timor and Tanimbar-Kai regions incorporating gravity data. With discussions of obducted ophiolite terrains and comparisons to PNG and Taiwan. Assumes most of material on Timor belongs on NW Australian margin and prior to collision Timor region was probably a promontory or plateau composed of sedimentary and volcanic units) Kaye, S.J. & J.S. Milsom (1988)- A new Bouguer anomaly map of Timor eastern Indonesia. University College London Gravity Research Group, 31 p. (unpublished) Keep, M., L. Barber & D. Haig (2009)- Deformation of the Cablac Mountain Range, East Timor: an overthrust stack derived from an Australian continental terrace. J. Asian Earth Sci. 35, 2, p. 150-166. (Cablac Mountain Range in E Timor S-directed thrust stack of mainly Triassic- E Jurassic carbonates, in structural contact with underlying Lolotoi Fm metamorphics. Lolotoi Fm and overlying Gondwanan thrust stack structurally emplaced on M Eocene units to S. Cablac thrust stack bound to N by a high-angle fault along which a crush breccia with clasts from Gondwana Megasequence and Asian Banda Terrane. Previously Cablac Lst suggested to be massive Early Miocene limestones in depositional contact with underlying units) Keep, M., L. Beck & P. Bekkers (2005)- Complex modified thrust systems along the southern margin of East Timor. APPEA J. 2005, p. 297- 310. (Study of Plio-Pleistocene accretionary wedge along S coast of East Timor) Keep, M., M. Clough & L. Langhi (2002)- Neogene tectonic and structural evolution of the Timor Sea region, NW Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2. Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp., p. 341-352. (Neogene deformation in Timor Sea flexure-dominated in NE, transtension-dominated to SW. Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic ductile shales and claystones cause detachment of basement from Neogene. Three main pulses of deformation in E Miocene, Late Miocene and late E Pliocene correspond to regional tectonic events in region. Late Miocene event widespread, with synchronous deformation through Indo-Australian plate) Keep, M. & D.W. Haig (2010)- Deformation and exhumation in Timor: distinct stages of a young orogeny. Tectonophysics 483, p. 93-111. (E Timor data suggest major break between deformed pre-collisional strata and relatively undeformed overlying deposits in Late Miocene (9.8-5.5 Ma). Three distinct phases of orogenic development: initial collision and emplacement of early nappes creating loading and diapirism (9.8-5.5 Ma), tectonic quiet interval (5.5 Ma- 4.5 Ma), which may represent time of locking of subduction system, and post 4.5 Ma uplift, unroofing and further diapirism in response to isostatic rebound. First emergence above sea level ~3.1 Ma)) Keep, M. & D.W. Haig (2010)- Timor collision: deformation and tectonic implications. 20th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts 98, p. 205. (Abstract only) (New biostratigraphic dating places collision between Australian Plate and Banda Arc at 10.9- 9.8Ma. Collision produced a complex intercalation of thrust slices from Australian Plate and Banda Arc sides of plate boundary. Initial thrust emplacement between 9.8-5.5 Ma. Intercalation of Australian‐derived material with material from the Banda Terrane complicated by over‐folding of Banda Terrane thrust slices. Late- Recent high‐angle strike-slip faults control much of present‐day topographic expression of island) Kenyon, C.S. (1974)- Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Late Miocene to Quaternary deposits of Timor. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 291p. (Stratigraphy of W Timor late M Miocene- Quaternary (N15-N23) Viqueque group sediments above Bobanaro olistostrome. Viqueque group subdivided into 6 formations, 26 members. Several phases of uplift and subsidence. Paleogeographies showing uplifted area to N, deep water sediment transport to South)


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Kenyon, C.S. (1999)- The exploration of Timor. In: R.W. Murphy (ed.) The Silver Years, SE Asia Petrol. Expl. Soc (SEAPEX), Singapore, p.. Keupp, H. (2009)- Timor: Bonanza nicht nur fur Triasfossilien. Fossilien, 4/2009, p. 214-220. (Well-illustrated report on 2008 fossil collecting trip to Baun area, SW Timor. Large erratic, generally reddish color Permian- Lower Jurassic limestone blocks in olistostrome in Late Tertiary marl-radiolarite-tuff succession. Triassic- Early Jurassic limestones open ocean facies, locally rich in ammonites and aulocerate belemnites, commonly coated by manganese layer. Also found 1-5 cm big globular hydrozoans Heterastridium conglobatum, of Norian age and possiblya pelagic hydrozoan colony) Kieslinger, A. (1924)- Die Nautiloideen der mittleren und oberen Trias von Timor. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 51 (1922), Verhand., p. 51-145. ('The nautiloids from the Middle and Upper Triassic of Timor'. Mainly taxonomic descriptions of nautiloid ammonites collected by 1916 Jonker expedition. Mainly from isolated blocks of ‘Halstatter facies’ condensed Triassic section (other classic works on Triassic ammonites are by Welter 1914, 1915 and Diener 1922)) Koesmono, M (1975)- Rekonstruksi palinspastik dan evolusi geologi daerah Tubuh Bokon, Timor. Thesis, Geol. Dept. UNPAD Padjadjaran University, Bandung, p. 1-199. ('Palinspastic reconstruction and geologic evolution of the Tubuh Bokon area, N Central Timor') Koker, E.M.J. (1924)- Anthozoa uit het Perm van het eiland Timor. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indië 51 (1922), Verh., p. 1-50. (Permian corals from Timor, collected by 1916 Jonker expedition. Mostly from reddish tuffaceous marls of Wesleo region and associated with rich crinoid, blastoid and brachiopod faunas. Almost exclusively non-reefal solitary forms) Koperberg, E.J. (1931)- Jungtertiare und Quartare Mollusken von Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) 2e Nederlandsche Timor-Expeditie VII, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indië 59 (1930), Verh. 1, p. 1-165. (Late Tertiary and Quaternary molluscs from W Timor, collected by 1915-1917 Jonker expedition. Little or no stratigraphy or locality information) Kossovaya O.L. (2009)- Artinskian-Wordian antitropical rugose coral associations: a palaeogeographical approach. Palaeoworld 18, p. 136-151. (Antitropical rugose corals distributed in temperate zones of Boreal and Perigondwanan realms. E-M Permian antitropical associations represented by ‘Cyathaxonia fauna'. Roadian–Wordian in S Hemisphere Perigondwanan temperate zone (Australia, Timor, SE Pamirs) predominance of Verbeekiella- Wannerophyllum assemblage. Timor Basleo Fm fauna with 'typical deep-water Peri-Gondwanan' Wannerophyllum, Verbeekiella, Timorphyllum, etc.. Through time gradually replaced by Cathaysian faunas) Kristan-Tollman, E. (1988)- Coccolithen aus den aelteren Allgauschichten (Alpiner Lias, Sinemur) von Timor, Indonesien. Geol. Palaeont. Mitteil. Innsbruck 15, p. 71-83. (Early Jurassic/ Sinemurian coccoliths from Timor) Kristan-Tollman, E. (1988)- Coccolithen aus dem Pliensbach (aelteren Allgauschichten, Alpiner Lias) von Timor, Indonesian. Geol. Palaeontol. Mitteil. Innsbruck 15, p. 109-133. (Early Jurassic/ Pliensbachian coccoliths from Timor) Kristan-Tollmann, E. (1990)- Mikrocrinoiden aus der Obertrias der Tethys. Geol. Palaeontol. Mitteil. Innsbruck 17, p. 51-100 (With descriptions of Late Triassic Tethyan microcrinoids from Timor, including new species and genera Leocrinus & Bihaticrinus)


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Kristan-Tollman, E., S. Barkham & B. Gruber (1987)- Potschenschichten, Zlambachmergel (Hallstatter, Obertrias) und Liasfleckenmergel in Zentraltimor, nebst ihren Faunenelementen. Mitt. Osterreich. Geol. Ges. 80, p. 229-285. (Upper Triassic (Norian- Rhaetian)- E Jurassic thin-bedded marls-limestones and faunas from deep marine 'Aitutu Fm' of Central West Timor, SW of Soe. Close faunal and lithological similarities with of members of age-equivalent 'Hallstatt facies' rocks in Eastern Alps, with no Pacific faunal elements. With descriptions of ostracod and mollusc (Halobia spp., Monotis salinaria) faunas) Krumbeck, L. (1921)- Die Brachiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten und Gastropoden der Trias von Timor. I. Stratigraphischer Teil. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 10, 17, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 142 p. (‘Triassic brachiopods, bivalves and gastropods from Timor- part 1, Stratigraphic part’. Extensive overview of Triassic occurrences on Timor, Savu, Roti, etc., with distribution of ages and facies and comparisons to Triassic in other regions. Based on collections from 1911 Wanner and Molengraaff Timor expeditions. Five main facies: 1. Klippen/ Fatu coral reefal limestone, often oolithic; 2. Bituminous platy limestone and marls; 3. Brachiopod Limestone (rel. rare); 4. Cephalopod Limestone, condensed 'Halsttter facies'; 5. Halobia limestone and shales) Krumbeck, L. (1922)- Zur Kenntnis des Juras der Insel Rotti. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 49 (1920), Verh. 3, p. 107-220. ('On the knowledge of the Jurassic of Roti Island'. Good descriptions of mainly Liassic amonites, but also younger Jurassic ammonite-dominated macrofaunas. Most species similar to Central European- Mediterranean species, with, unlike Timor Permian-Triassic, few new species. All Jurassic facies on Roti deep marine) Krumbeck, L. (1923)- Zur Kenntnis des Juras der Insel Timor, sowie des Aucellen-Horizontes von Seran und Buru. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 12, 20, Schweizerbart Stuttgart, p. 1-120. (‘On the knowledge of the Jurassic of Timor, as well as the Aucella horizon of Seram and Buru’. Jurassic of Timor mainly in brachiopod-bivalve facies, while in Roti dominated by ammonites. Early Jurassic in four different facies, mainly limestone also marl and claystone. First description of Upper Jurassic 'Aucella' (=Malayomaorica) malayomaorica, also known from Seram, Buru, etc. Early Jurassic assemblage of thickwalled bivalves incl. Lithiotis in 'Fatu Limestone' of Timor (= typical Tethyan; Geyer 1977, Hayami 1984)) Krumbeck, L. (1924)- Die Brachiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten und Gastropoden der Trias von Timor II. Palaeontologischer Teil. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 13, 22, Schweizerbart Stuttgart, p. 1-275. (Triassic brachiopods, bivalves and gastropods from Timor- part 2, Paleontological part) Krystyn, L. & M. Siblik (1983)- Austriellula robusta n. sp. (Brachiopoda) from the Upper Carnian Hallstatt limestones of Timor (Indonesia). Osterreich. Akad. Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe Erdwissensch. Komm. 5, p. 259-266. (New rhynchonellid brachiopod species from Carnian (U Triassic) of Baun, Timor. From ‘Halstatt facies’ ammonite-rich limestone blocks in Tertiary olistostrome in SW Timor) Krystyn, L. & J. Wiedmann (1986)- Ein Choristoceras Vorlaeufer (Ceratitina, Ammonoidea), aus dem Nor von Timor. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeont., Monatshefte. 1986, 1, p. 27-37. (‘A Choristoceras ancestor (Ceratitina, Ammonoidea) from the Norian of Timor’) Kuenen, Ph.H. (1942)- Obilatoe, Kisar and Siboetoe. Contributions to the geology of the East-Indies from the Snellius Expedition II. Geol. Mijnbouw 1942, 4, p. 81-90. (Geological observations from short visits to islands of Obilatu, Kisar and Sibutu with the 1929 Snellius Expedition. Kisar (NE of Timor) consists of crystalline schists (incl. amphibolite) with a thin coating of elevated Quaternary coral reef terraces that are tilted to the East) Kummel B. (1968)- Scythian ammonoids from Timor. Breviora, Mus. Comparative Zoology, 283, p. 1-21. (online at: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4294222#page/308/mode/1up)


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(Description of Lower Triassic ammonites from Wanner, Jonker, etc. collections, all from isolated blocks from extremely condensed sections. Many specimens manganese-coated. Mainly addendum to Welter (1922) monograph. Incl. Owenites, Prosphingites) Kutassy, A. (1931)- Triadische Fossilien vom Portugiesischen Timor. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen., Geol. Ser. IX, p. 49-56. (Triassic fossils from Loczy 1922 expedition from S part of Portuguese Timor near Suai. Look like mostly folded deeper water marly limestones with ammonites and pelagic molluscs Daonella, Halobia) Lakeman, R. (1950)- On the crinoid nature of Timorocidaris sphaeracantha Wanner. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen 53, p. 100-108. Lemoine, M. (1959)- Un example de tectonique chaotique: Timor. Essai de co-ordination et d'interpretation. Rev. Geogr. Phys. Geol. Dynamique 2, 4, p. 205-230. (‘Timor, an example of chaotic tectonics’. Complex thrust tectonics on Timor not well understood. Thrusting mainly in Miocene, essentially completed by Middle or Late Miocene) Lockwood, W.L. (1975)- A geophysical assessment of the Outer Banda Arc with emphasis on gravity measurements in Eastern Timor. M.Sc. Thesis, Flinders University, Adelaide, p. 1-83. Macurda, D.B. (1972)- The type species of the Permian blastoid Calycoblastus. J. Paleont. 46, 1, p. 94-98. (On the discovery of second specimen of large blastoid Calycoblastus tricavatus Wanner from Lower Permian of Baun- Amarasi near Kupang, W Timor) Major, J. (2009)- The tectonic significance and origin of Kisar, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 94, 1, p. 132. (Abstract only; Kisar near Timor made of some of youngest exposed metamorphic rocks in world and is encircled by uplifted Quaternary coral terraces, recording recent uplift) Major, J.R. (2010)- Metamorphism, thermochronology and uplift of the Aileu Complex on Kisar Island, Banda arc-continent collision. MSc. Thesis, Brigham Young University, 150 p. (Unpublished) Major, J.R. & R. Harris (2009)- The tectonic evolution and regional significance of Kisar Island, Indonesia. Geol. Soc. America, Rocky Mnt. Sect. 61st Ann. Mtg, May 2009, Paper 13-11 (Abstract only) (Kisar Island, NE of Timor, emerges from small ridge in forearc suture zone 3 km deep. Consists of metamorphic rocks encircled by Quaternary uplifted coral terraces. Terraces gently warped and correlated to known sea-level highstands. Metamorphic rocks, among youngest in world, range from phyllite to amphibolites) Major J.R., R.A. Harris, H. Chiang, C. Prasetyadi & C. Shen C (2009)- Variation in deformational mechanisms in the Banda Arc: uplift and tectonic implications of Kisar, Indonesia. EOS Trans. AGU 90, 52, Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T33B-T1915. Margolis, S.V., T.L. Ku, G.P. Glasby, C.D. Fein & M.G. Audley-Charles (1978)- Fossil manganese nodules from Timor: geochemical and radiochemical evidence for deep-sea origin. Chemical Geol. 21, p. 185-198. (Cretaceous-age Mn nodules from exotic blocks in Miocene Bobanaro scaly clay 4.5 km ENE of Niki Niki are similar to nodules now found at ~3500-5000m in Pacific and Indian Oceans) Mariotti, N. & J.S. Pignatti (1995)- Claviatractites, a new xiphoteuthidid cephalopod from the Upper Triassic of Timor. Palaeopelagos 5, p. 45-52. Marks, P. (1954)- Contributions to the geology of Timor. III. An occurrence of Miogypsina (Miogypsinella) complanata Schlumberger in the Lalan Asu area, Timor. Indonesian J. Natural Science 110, p. 78-80. (Lalan Asu area polymict basal conglomerate above amphibolite, originally described by Tappenbeck 1939, contains latest Oligocene larger forams Miogypsinoides complanata (with >21 spiral chambers) and


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Spiroclypeus. Called Aquitanian by Marks, but should be Late Chattian. Probably equivalent of Base Cablac Limestone in E Timor) Marks, P. (1961)- The succession of nappes in the western Miomaffo area of the island of Timor; a possible key to the structure of Timor. Proc. 9th Pacific Sci. Congr., Bangkok 1957, Geol. Geophys. 12, p. 306- 310. (Diagram of stratigraphies in W Miomaffo area, W Timor, depicting succession of overthrusts) Martin, K. (1881)- Die versteinerungfuhrenden Sedimente Timor’s. Nach Sammlungen von Reinwardt, Macklot und Schneider. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmuseums Leiden 1, 1, p. 1-64. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1882, Wetensch. Ged., p. 71-136) ('The fossil-bearing sediments of Timor, from collections of Reinwardt, Macklot and Schneider'. Early description of Timor fossils at Leiden Natural History Musem collections. Mainly from Permian) Martini, R.L., M. Zaninetti, J. Villeneuve, J.J. Cornee, L. Krystin, S. Cirilli, P. De Wever, P. Dumitrica & A. Harsolumakso (2000)- Triassic pelagic deposits of Timor: palaeogeographic and sea-level implications. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 160, p. 123-151. (W Timor Triassic deposits in Parautochthonous Complex and Allochthonous series of Sonnebait. Late Triassic at rear end Kolbano thrust belt in W Timor shows deep water organic-rich Carnian shales overlain by NorianRhaetian radiolarian-bearing pelagic carbonates. Ammonites typical Tethyan, low paleolatitude. Triassic sedimentary evolution in Timor different from NW Australian margin, but similar to Banda Sea microcontinents like E Sulawesi, Buru, Seram. Our data suggest Allochthonous complex, classically interpreted as tectonic melange of Banda Arc accretionary prism, is tectonically dismembered Triassic lithostratigraphic succession). Masson, D., G.J. Milsom, A.J. Barber, N. Sikumbang & B. Dwiyanto (1991)- Recent tectonics around the island of Timor, eastern Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 8, 1, p. 35-49. (Holocene deformation around Timor from GLORIA sidescan sonar system and single-channel seismic data) McCaffrey, R. & J. Nabelek (1986)- Seismological evidence for shallow thrusting North of the Timor Trough. Geoph. J. Royal Astron. Soc. 85, p. 365-382. McCartain, E. (2004)- A reconstructed stratigraphic succession for the Gondwana sequence of Timor-Leste, forming the type area of the Wailuli Formation. B.Sc. Thesis University of Western Australia, p. (also abstract in PESA Newsletter 73, 2004, p. 29) (Wai Luli Fm type area clastics range in age from Late Permian- Middle Jurassic; paleoenvironments innerouter neritic (commonly with turbidites; interpretation too shallow ?; HvG) McCartain, E., J. Backhouse, D. Haig, B. Balme & M. Keep (2006)- Gondwana-related Late Permian palynoflora, foraminifers and lithofacies from the Wailuli Valley, Timor Leste. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaont., Abhandl. 240, 1, p. 53-80. (Late Permian terrestrial palynomorphs from Wailuli Valley Cribas Fm marine clastics are of Gondwanan affinity. Diverse Dulhuntyispora assemblage, similar to Cape Hay Fm in Bonaparte Basin of NW Australia) Mei, S. & C.M. Henderson (2001)- Evolution of Permian conodont provincialism and its significance in global correlation and paleoclimate implication. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimat., Paleoecol. 170, p. 237- 260. (Early Permian Gondwana Cool Water Province with Vjalovognathus in Canning, Carnarvon and W Timor. Permian conodont provincialism not distinct until Kungurian) Meijer, H.J.M., S.K. Donovan & W. Renema (2009)- Major Dutch collections of Permian fossils from Timor amalgamated. J. Paleont. 83, 2, p. 313. (Short notereporting that large collections of Permian macrofossils from Timor originally kept in Amsterdam, Delft and Leiden now all combined in Leiden Naturalis museum) Milsom, J. & M.G. Audley-Charles (1986)- Post-collisional isostatic readjustment in the southern Banda Arc. In: M.P. Coward & C. Ries (eds.) Collision Tectonics, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 19, p. 353-364.


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(Timor area considerable departures from isostatic equilibrium suggested by gravity. In some cases isostatic anomalies accords well with observed vertical movement. In other areas, such as N Timor and inner (volcanic) arc, uplift where gravity data suggest there should be subsidence. Possible explanation is contribution to high gravity made by cold,dense subducted slab now sinking after rupture near continental margin. Ruptured sinking slab no longer exerts downward pull on overlying lithosphere, freed to rebound isostatically.) Milsom, J. & A. Richardson (1976)- Implications of the occurrence of large gravity gradients in N Timor. Geol. Mijnbouw 55, p. 175-178. (Steep gravity gradient along N coast of Timor suggests this is edge of Australian continental crust) Minato, M. & M. Kato (1965)- Waagenophyliidae. J. Fac. Science Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 4, 12, p. 1241. (Study of Permian colonial corals, including material from Timor; see Sorauf in Charlton et al. 2002) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1912)- De jongste bodembewegingen op het eiland Timor en hunne beteekenis voor de geologische geschiedenis van den O.I. Archipel. Verslag. Vergad. Wis-Natiuurk. Afd. Kon Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Juni 1912, p. (Dutch version of paper below) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1912)- On recent crustal movements on the Island of Timor and their bearing on geological history of the East Indian Archipelago. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam 15, p. 224-235. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012969.pdf) (After post-Eocene main folding event on Timor horsts and grabens formed, on which Mio-Pliocene Globigerina limestones were deposited. Plio-Pleistocene coral reefs on Timor now elevated up to 1283m above sea level, proving significant young uplift of Timor) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1913)- Overschuivingen en overschuivingsbladen op de eilanden Timor en Letti. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 30, p. 273-274. ('Thrusts and nappes on the islands of Timor and Leti'. Major post-Eocene and pre-Pliocene folding event on Timor) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1914)- De Fatoes van Timor. Verslag. Geol. Sect., Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. I, 1912, p. 117-119. (The ‘fatus’ (limestone cliffs) of Timor. Summary of a 1912 presentation for Dutch geological society on isolated limestone hills of W Timor, locally named fatus. Composed of different rock types, most commonly Triassic oolitic limestone, but also Permian crinoid limestone, serpentinite, Tertiary orbitoidal limestone or igneous rocks. Often rise from areas with different geology. One explanation may be intense folding of island, probably in 'young Miocene', with disharmonic response by more rigid and more thin-bedded, viscous rocks, followed by differential erosion. Major nappes may also be a factor) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1915)- Dekbladenbouw in den Timor archipel. Verslag. Geol. Sect., Geol. Mijnb. Gen. 1, p. 140-141. ('Nappe structure in the Timor archipelago'. Early paper on nappe tectonics on Timor.) Molengraaff, G. (1915-1922)- Nederlandsche Timor-Expeditie 1910-1912. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. OostIndie, 3 volumes, 732p., 58 plates. ('Netherlands Timor Expedition 1910-1912'. Collection of papers published between 1915-1922 on Timor, Leti, Roti, Moa, etc.. With contributions by Brouwer, Gerth, Escher, etc.) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (with H.A. Brouwer) (1915)- De geologie van het eiland Letti, Geographische en geologische beschrijving. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 43 (1914), Verhand. 1, p. 1-87. (Text online at: http://openlibrary.org/books/OL24343736M/Nederlandsche_Timor-expeditie_1910-1912) ('Geographic and geological description of the island Letti'. Detailed description of geology of Leti, E of Timor, showing many similarities with Timor geology. Isoclinally folded, mainly N-dipping Permian clastic sediments


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with thin crinoid-fusulinid limestones become gradually more metamorphic to North (first documentation of post-Permian metamorphism in Indonesia). Overlain in North by ultrabasics and melange mixture of rock types, including reworked Upper Cretaceous pelagic limestone with Globotruncana aff. linneana in latest Oligocene- E Miocene limestone breccia. With studies of Permian brachiopods by Broili, Permian ammonites by Haniel and Permian fusulinid foraminifera by Schubert) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1915)- Over mangaanknollen in Mesozoische diepzee-afzettingen van Borneo, Timor en Rotti, hun beteekenis en hun wijze van ontstaan. Verslag. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Wis- Natuurk. Afd., 23, p. 1058-1073. ('On manganese nodules in Mesozoic deep-sea deposits of Borneo, Timor and Roti, their significance and mode of formation'. Dutch version of Molengraaff 1916, below) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1916)- On the occurrence of nodules of manganese in Mesozoic deep-sea deposits from Borneo, Timor and Rotti, their significance and mode of formation. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam 18, p. 415-430. (Online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (Manganese nodules in Triassic and Jurassic deposits of C-E Kalimantan, Timor and Roti, often associated with radiolaria, interpreted as abyssal oceanic deposits, 'deposited in deepest parts of Mesozoic Tethys geosyncline') Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1917)- De Timorexpeditie en hare palaeontologische resultaten. Hand. 16th Nederl. Natuurk. en Geneesk, Congr. 1917, p. 245-256. (‘The Timor Expedition and its paleontological results’. Summarizing results of expeditions by Molengraaff and Wanner 1911-1912 and Jonker in 1915. All collected well-preserved, rich, mainly shallow marine Permian faunas, particularly rich in crinoids and blastoids, and also ammonites. Also remarkable are thin Triassic and Jurassic deep sea deposits on Timor and Roti with manganese nodules and radiolarians, formed in very deep water, very far from landmasses. Upper Triassic faunas remarkably similar to rocks from Alps and Himalyas) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1920)- Mangaanknollen in Mesozoische diepzee-afzettingen van Nederlandsch Timor. Verslag. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Wis- Natuurk. Afd., 29, p. 677-692. ('Manganese nodules in Mesozoic deep-sea deposits of Dutch Timor, etc.. Dutch version of Molengraaff (1921)) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1921)- On manganese nodules in Mesozoic deep-sea deposits of Dutch Timor with a preliminary communication on fossils of Cretaceous age in those deposits by L.F. de Beaufort. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 23, 7, p. 997- 1012. (Online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014760.pdf) (Several meters of deep-marine red clays with manganese nodules sampled by Jonker in 1916 from Noil Tobee river, 4.5 km ENE of Niki-Niki. Red clays conformably overlie thin-bedded Late Triassic limestone with Halobia. Partly dissolved Elasmobranchii shark teeth similar to species in English Chalk, suggesting Cretaceous age. Not clear if contact is tectonic or whether represents Jurassic hiatus in condensed deep water series; HvG) Mulhadiono & B. Simbolon (1988)- Preliminary account of the petroleum potential of Timor Island. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 89-110. (Overview of Timor geology, accepting Asian origin of Mutis-Palelo, Maubisse and N Coast thrust complexes. Main deformation phase between Late Eocene- earliest Miocene. 21 wells drilled in E Timor, Metai 1 and Taci with minor oil tests. Various source formations present, but reservoir quality may be poor) Munasri (1998)- Early Cretaceous radiolarian fauna from West Timor, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tsukuba, Japan, No. 1869, p. (Unpublished) Munasri & K. Sashida (1998)- Tethyan and non-Tethyan Early Cretaceous radiolarian fauna from West Timor, Indonesia. Proc. Tectonics and Sedimentation of Indonesia, a regional seminar, Bandung 1999, p. (Abstract?)


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Nakazawa, K. & Y. Bando (1968)- Lower and Middle Triassic ammonites from Portuguese Timor (Paleontological study of Portuguese Timor). Mem. Fac. Science, Kyoto University 34, 2, p. 83-114. (Sixteen species of E-M Triassic (U Scythian- Lw Anisian) ammonites from cephalopod limestones in N and S part of E Timor. These may be in limestones previously identified as Permian; Berry et al 1984)) Nicoll, R.S. (1999)- Triasic conodont faunas from Australia and Timor. In: H. Yin & J. Tong (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Pangea and the Paleozoic- Mesozoic transition, Wuhan 1999, China Univ. Geoscience Press, p. 140-141. (Abstract only; condonts at various horizons in Timor Triassic, similar to those from Australia NW shelf margin) Nicoll, R.S. & C.B. Foster (1998)- Revised biostratigraphic (conodont-palynomorph) zonation of the Triassic of western and northwestern Australia and Timor. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. PESA Symp., Perth, p. 129-139. Niermann, H.T. (1975)- Polycoeliidae aus dem Oberperm von Basleo auf Timor. Munstersche Forsch. Geol. und Palaont. 37, p. 131-225. (Taxonomic revision of Polycoeliidae family of solitary rugose corals from the lower Upper Permian of Basleo, Timor, Based on 490 specimens collected by Ehrat in 1927, and mainly building on work of Gerth (1921) amnd Koker (1924). 25 species, 13 new species, 10 new subspecies. No stratigraphy, locality information.) Nieuwenkamp, W.G.J. (1919)- Bezoek aan eenige slijkvulkanen op Kambang en Samaoe (West-Timor). Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 1919, p. 488-492. ('Visit to two active mud volcanoes on Kambang and Samau, W Timor') Niko, S., T. Nishida & K. Nakazawa (2000)- Orthoconic cephalopods from the Lower Permian Atahoc Formation in East Timor. Paleontological Res., Japan, 4, 2, p. 83-88. (Three species of orthoconic cephalopods described from Lower Permian Atahoc Fm in Cribas area, E Timor, signifying non-ammonoid cephalopod fauna at N margin of Gondwana near Sakmarian/ Artinskian boundary) Nogami, Y. (1963)- Fusulinids from Portuguese Timor (Palaeontological study of Portuguese Timor 1). Mem. College of Science, Kyoto University, Series Geol. Min., B30, 2, p. 59-68. (Four Early Permian fusulinid species (incl. Schwagerina nakazawae n.sp) described from limestone lens in basic tuffs in Fatu Auveon near Pualaca in C East Timor and N of Hato-Builico in W part of E Timor. Samples collected by Nakazawa in 1961) Nogami, Y. (1968)- Trias-Conodonten von Timor, Malaysien und Japan (Palaeontological study of Portuguese Timor 5). Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyoto Univ., Ser. Geol. Min. 34, 2, p. 115-136. ('Triassic conodonts from Timor, Malaysia and Japan'. Conodonts from 6 samples collected by Nakazawa of ammonoid-bearing limestone of Lacon River, Manatuto District, Timor Leste. Includes description of new species Gondolella timorensis (now assigned to Chiosella; HvG), a worldwide marker species for Lower Anisian, base of M Triassic) Nutzel, A. (2007)- Cephalopoden (Ammoniten, Nautiliden und Aulacoceras) aus der Trias von Timor (Indonesien). Freunde Bayerischen Staatssamml. Palaont. Hist. Geol., Munchen, Jahresbericht 2006 und Mitt. 35, p. 32-34. ('Cephalopods (ammonites, nautilids and Aulacoceras) from the Triassic of Timor, Indonesia') Orchard, M.J. (1994)- Conodont biochronology around the Early-Middle Triassic boundary: new data from North America, Oman and Timor. Mem. de Geologie (Lausanne) 22, p. 105-114. (Includes discussion of Triassic conodonts from Hallstatt limestone block, from which Tozer described ammonites. Common Chiosella timorensis and fewer Gladiogondolella tethydis, suggestive of Early Anisian age)


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Ormeling, F.J. (1957)- The Timor problem: a geographical interpretation of an underdeveloped island. Wolters, Groningen, 284 p. (General geographic study of Timor) Osberger, R. (1954)- Contribution to the geology of Timor. IV. Notes on Plio-Pleistocene corals of Timor. Indonesian J. Nat. Sci. 110, p. 80-82. (On corals from uplifted Plio-Pleistocene reef terraces near Lalan Asu, collected by De Waard expedition. Material generally poorly preserved) Ota, T. & Y. Kaneko (2010)- Blueschists, eclogites, and subduction zone tectonics: insights from a review of Late Miocene blueschists and eclogites, and related young high-pressure metamorphic rocks. Gondwana Res. 18, 1, p. 167-188. (Review of formation and exhumation of Late Miocene blueschist and eclogite belts, including Timor-Tanimbar blueschist belt and world's youngest coesite- bearing eclogite in PNG) Pakuckas, C. & G. von Arthaber (1928)- Nachtrag zur Mittel- und Obertriadischen Fauna der Ammonoidea trachyostraca C. Dieners aus Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) 2e Nederlandsche Timor-Expeditie VI, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 56 (1927), Verh. 2, p. 143-218. (Addendum to Diener (1922) work on thousands of M- Late Triassic ammonites collected from loose blocks in W Timor by 1916 Jonker expedition. Anisian- Carnian and probable Rhaetian assemblages, most of them similar to ‘Halstatter Facies’ of Mediterranean Province) Panjaitan, S. (1997)- Analisis tektonik berdasarkan paleomagnetik di daerah Timor-Timur. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min.(GRDC Bandung), 7, 70, p. 19-27. ('Tectonic analysis of East Timor area based on paleomagnetic data') Panjaitan, S. & S. Hutubessy (2004)- Pembentukan formasi batuan di Pulau Timor ditinjau dari data paleomagnet dan gayaberat. J. Sumber Daya Geol.(GRDC), (14) 1, 1, p. 55-68. ('Formation of Timor island rock formations as observed from magnetic and gravity data'. Contribution to Asian vs. Australian origin of Timor rock units: Permian Aileu Fm formed at paleolatitude 48º N, Cribas Fm at ~31º N, Maubisse Fm at 25º N, all far N of equator and at S edge of Asian continent. Plate moved S since Triassic to form thrust sheets in Timor Island. Triassic Aitutu Fm formed at ~34º S and Jurassic Wailuli Fm at ~11º S, both far S of equator and part of Australian continent. Collision between Allochthon and ParaAuthochthon rocks seen on 150 mgal negative Bouguer anomaly, in which Australian continent plate with density of 3.0 gr/cm³ subducted and depressed under Banda Sea plate) Partoyo, E., B. Hermanto & S. Bachri (1995)- Geological map of the Baucau Quadrangle, East Timor, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Peloschek, H.P. (1956)- Contributions to the geology of Timor. XI. Reports on magnetic observations and radioactive measurements in lndonesian Timor. Majalah llmu Alam Indonesia (Indonesian J. Nat. Sci.) 112, p. 175-186. Penecke, K.A. (1908)- Uber eine neue Korallengattung aus der Permformation von Timor. Gottinger Arbeiten Geol. Palaont., p. 657-660. ('On a new coral genus from the Permian of Timor'. Verbeekia new genus from Basleo area, later renamed Verbeekiella) Petroconsultants (1992)- Timor Island. Southeast Asia basin opportunities. Petroconsultants (Far East) Pte. Ltd. Singapore, Non-exclusive Report. Praptisih (1996)- Facies batugamping terumbu koral Kuarter di daerah Kupang dan sekitarnya, Timor. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 233-241. (Facies of Quaternary coral reefal limestone in the area of Kupang and surroundings)


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Prasetyadi, C. (1995)- Structure and tectonic significance of the Aileu Formation, East Timor. Unpublished Masters Thesis, West Virginia University, 144 p. Prasetyadi, C. & R.A. Harris (1996)- Hinterland structure of the active Banda arc-continent collision, Indonesia: constraints from the Aileu Complex of East Timor. Proc. 25th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 144-173. Quigley, M. C., B. Duffy, J. Woodhead, J. Hellstrom, L. Moody, T. Horton, J. Soares & L. Fernandes (2011)U/Pb dating of a terminal Pliocene coral from the Indonesian Seaway. Marine Geol. 311-314,p. 57-62. (Platygyra coral in exhumed syn-orogenic marine sediments on Timor dated with U-Pb techniques as 2.66 ± 0.14 Ma. Age supported by 87Sr/86Sr chemostratigraphy and foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Timor's emergence from beneath waters of Indonesian Seaway and initiation of turbiditic deposition at study site timed at between ca. 3.35-2.66 Ma) Ramos-Horta, J. & P. Vickers-Rich (2009)- O Mundo Perdido Timor-Leste. Monash University Science Center, Clayton, Melbourne, 32 p. (English version online at: http://www.geosci.monash.edu.au/precsite/docs/educational/o-mundo-perdido-english.pdf) ('The Lost World of Timor-Leste'. Portuguese and English editions. Children's book on the geological history of Timor Leste) Reed, T.A., M.E.M. de Smet, B.H. Harahap & A. Sjapawi (1996)- Structural and depositional history of East Timor. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 297-312. (Report on 1994 Mobil-GRDC fieldwork in E Timor. Propose mid-Eocene age for collision/ ophiolite obduction event of ’allochtonous’ Banda terrane and Australian continent. Second pulse of thrusting and partial Australian Plate subduction latest Miocene- today) Renz, C. (1906)- Uber Halobien und Daonellen aus Griechenland nebst asiatischen Vergleichsstucken. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal., 1906, 1, p. 27-40. ('On Halobia and Daonella from Greece, with comparison of Asian specimens'. Descriptions of Triassic bivalves Pseudomonotis and Daonella from Roti, collected by Wichmann, and Daonella from Sumatra, collected by Volz) Renz, C. (1909)- Die Trias von Roti und Timor im Ostindischen Archipel. Centralblatt Miner. Geol. Palaont., 1909, p. 355-361. (‘The Triassic of Roti and Timor in the East Indies archipelago’) Retgers, J.W. (1895)- Gesteenten van Timor en onderhoorigheden. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 1895, Verhand., p. 139-148. ('Rocks of Timor and dependent areas') Riding, R. & S. Barkham (1999)- Temperate water Shamovella from the Lower Permian of West Timor, Indonesia. Alcheringa 23, p. 21-29. (Problematic sponge-like calcareous fossil often called Tubiphytes, and common in Permian- Triassic reefs. Here called Shamovella obscura and locally abundant in Late Sakmarian Hoeniti Mb of Maubisse Fm near Bisnain, eastern W Timor, associated with brachiopods of supposed temperate water affinity) Riedel, W.R. (1953)- Mesozoic and late Tertiary Radiolaria of Rotti. J. Paleontology 27, 6, p. 805-813. (Radiolarians (including new species) in samples of calcareous sediment from Roti and stratigraphic significance. Fauna previously assigned to late Tertiary age, but includes reworked Mesozoic forms) Ritsema, L. (1951)- Description de quelques Alveolines de Timor: resultat d’une elaboration de la methode des courbe d’indice de Reichel. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B54, 2, p.174-182. ('Description of some alveolinids from Timor'. Eocene Alveolina limestones collected by Van West in Miomaffo region, W Timor, contain five species)


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Ritsema, A.R. (1956)- Gravity measurements on Timor Island. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 112, 2, p. 171-174. (Highest positive gravity anomalies in area of young volcanic rocks on N coast. Strip of small negative values in Central basin probably related to Nikiniki fault. Geood correspondence of anomalies with geologic units) Ritsema, A.R. (1956)- Two gravity profiles across Timor Island. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 16 (Gedenkboek Brouwer), p. 380-385. (Two N-S gravity profiles across W Timor: Kupang- Buan and Ocussi- Kolbano, Surveyed in 1954. All Bouguer anomalies of Timor island are positive, with highest values near N coast. Lowest and possibly negative Bouuer anomaly in narrow strip around Nikiniki and Central Depression) Robba, E., S. Sartono, D. Violanti & E. Erba (1989)- Early Pleistocene gastropods From Timor (Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol. 41, p. 61-113. Rocha, A. Tavares & M. de Lourdes Ubaldo (1964)- Foraminiferos do Terciario Superior e do Quaternario da provincia Portuguesa de Timor. Mem. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar 51, Lisboa, 180 p. ('Foraminifera of the Late Tertiary and Quaternary of the Portuguese province of Timor'; in Portuguese) Rocha, A. Tavares & M. de Lourdes Ubaldo (1964)- Contribucao para o estudo foraminiferos do Terciario superior de Timor. Garcia de Orta 12, 1, p. 153-158. ('Contribution the the study Late Tertiary foraminifera of Timor') Romariz, C. (1962)- Notas sobre rochas sedimentares Portuguesas. V. Um cherte do «complexo argiloso» de Timor. In: Estudos Oferecidos em homenagem ao Prof. J. Carrington da Costa, Junta Investig. do Ultramar, Lisbon, p. 287-290. ('Notes on Portuguese sedimentary rocks, V. On chert of the agillaceous complex of Timor') Romariz, C. & J. de Azeredo Leme (1967)- Subsidios para a petrografia timorense. Calcarios de fato. Garcia de Orta 15, 1, p. 111-122. ('Contributions to Timor petrography: Fatu limestones') Roniewicz, E., G.D. Stanley (2009)- Noriphyllia, a new Tethyan Late Triassic coral genus (Scleractinia). Palaont. Zeitschr., DOI 10.1007/s12542-009-0030-8, p. (Noriphyllia new genus with two new E Norian and one Carnian species. Widely distributed in E Norian reef facies of Tethys region and occurs in Carnian of Timor) Roniewicz, E., G.D. Stanley, F. Da Costa Monteiro & J.A. Grant-Mackie (2005)- Late Triassic (Carnian) corals from Timor-Leste (East Timor): their identity, setting and biogeography. Alcheringa 26, 2, p 287-303. (Four coral taxa from Late Triassic limestone in Babulu Fm sst-shale sequence at Manatuto, E Timor N coast, related to Carnian faunas from Italy. Previously, only Norian corals known from Timor Triassic. Carnian faunas help confirm paleogeographic affinities with W Tethys, although in Late Triassic Timor was in SE portal of Tethys. (NB: stratigraphically above Norian dinoflagellate Wanneria listeri (Da Costa Monteiro 2003 in Charlton et al. (2009), suggesting possible Norian age for these corals?; HvG)) Roosmawati, N. (2005)- Long-term surface uplift history of the active Banda Arc-continent collision: depth and age analysis of foraminifera from Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia. MSc. Thesis, Brigham Young University, 120 p. (online at http://www.etd.byu.edu/..) (Foraminifera documentation of Pliocene age and deep water facies of Batu Putih Fm marls on Rote and Savu) Roosmawati, N. & R. Harris (2009)- Surface uplift history of the incipient Banda arc-continent collision: geology and synorogenic foraminifera of Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 479, p. 95-110. (Synorogenic pelagic units of Rote and Savu reveal rapid surface uplift of incipient Banda arc-continent collision in past 1.8 Myr. New maps document accretion to Banda forearc of Triassic -Tertiary sedimentary cover from down-going Australian continental margin. Synorogenic Batu Putih Fm unconformably over accreted units, aged N18- N22 (5.6- 1.0 Ma), deposited at depths of ~3000 m and unconformably overlain by


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uplifted coral terraces. Highest coral terraces in Savu 300 m above sea level; in Rote up to 200m. Collision of Australian margin with Banda Arc initiated earlier in Timor, propagated W to Rote (initial stages of accretionary wedge emergence). Collision of Scott Plateau propagated SE from Sumba (2-3 Ma) to Savu (1.0– 0.5 Ma), then to Rote (0.2 Ma). Average uplift of Batu Putih Fm pelagics in past 2 Myr in Rote and Savu ~1.5 and 2.3 mm/yr. Rise of these islands is clogging Indo-Pacific seaway) Roosmawati, N., R.A. Harris, H. Nugroho et al. (2004)- Long-term surface uplift history of the active Banda arc-continent collision: depth and age analysis of foraminifera from Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia. Abstract GSA 2004 Denver Ann. Mtg., Paper No. 152-15. (Synorogenic deposits in W Rote outcrops are of Pliocene age (zone N21; 3.1-1.8 Ma) with paleowater depths deeper than 2500m. Banda arc-continent collision arrived in Rote after ~3 Ma, possibly later in Savu) Rose, G. (1994)- Late Triassic and Early Jurassic radiolarians from Timor, Eastern Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, p.1-384. (Unpublished) (Rich Upper Carnian- Rhaetian radiolarian faunas from Aitutu and Wai Luli Fms in River Meto sections, central W Timor. Additional material collected from presumed Triassic on Buton, Leti, Moa, Babar, but no radiolarians recovered. Timor Triassic radiolarian assemblages differ from European Tethys, Philippines and Japanese assemblages. E Jurassic assemblages closer to Japan than other areas. Apparent Late Rhaetian- E Sinemurian time gap at Triassic-Jurassic boundary) Rosidi, H.M.D., S. Tjokosapoetro, S. Gafoer & K. Suwitodirdjo (1979)- Geologic map of the Kupang-Atambua Quadrangles, Timor, 1: 250,000. Also 2nd edition 1996. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, p. (1:250,000 surface geology of westernmost Timor, and Roti and Savu islands) Rothpletz, A. (1891)- The Permian, Triassic and Jurassic formations in the East Indian Archipelago (Timor and Rotti). American Naturalist 25, p. 959-962. (Early summary of ‘new’ Timor- Roti fossils, based on examination of Wichmann collection. Timor Late Paleozoic fossils here regarded as Permian in age, not Carboniferous as previously thought) Rothpletz, A. (1892)- Die Perm, Trias- und Jura-Formation auf Timor und Rotti im Indischen Archipel. Palaeontographica 39, 2, p. 57-106. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1894, Wet. Ged., p. 5-98) ('The Permian, Triassic and Jurassic formation on Timor and Roti in the Indies Archipelago'. Descriptions of many new Permian- Jurassic macrofossils from Indonesia, mainly collected by Wichmann 1888-1889. PermianTriassic material from Ayer Mati area, SE of Kupang, W Timor, includes Permian brachiopods Spirifer, Productus, bivalve Atomodesma, coral Zaphrentis, ammonites Arcestes and Cyclolobus persulcatus and crinoids. From Roti some Permian fossils in mud volcano material. Also white-red thin-bedded limestones with ‘alpine’ U Triassic Monotis salinaria and Halobia spp. Also in mud volcano material 'Tethyan' Early Jurassic ammonites Arietites spp. and Stephanoceras (Coeloceras) and M Jurassic Belemnites gerardi) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- Geologie van Timor. In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 679-704. (Review of geology of Timor in Rutten's classic lecture series) Sahudi, K. & R.N. Baik (1993)- Play concept of hydrocarbon exploration in East Timor. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1993, 2, p. 913-924. (Brief overview of E Timor hydrocarbon exploration and plays) Sampurno & B. Brahmantyo (1991)- Geologi batuan marmer Gunung Fatufutik, Kabupaten Manatuto, Propinsi Timor Timur. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 591-604. ('Geology of marble rocks at Fatufutik Mountain, Manatuto District, Tmor Leste') Sani, K., M.I. Jacobson & R. Sigit (1995)- The thin-skinned thrust structures of Timor. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 277-293.


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(Amoseas fieldwork and Banli 1 well data. Kolbano foldbelt series of thrusts of Triassic-Tertiary Australian shelf sediment. Restorations suggest shortening of ~45 km (65%) mainly between 2.2- 1.6 Ma, after which main deformation jumped S to present-day Timor Trough. Total shortening, excluding shortening under Timor Trough, may be 208 km. Onset of collision probably ~3.7 Ma; subduction locked up ~1.6 Ma) Sartono, S. (1964)- Cretaceous foraminiferal fauna from the Kekneno tectonic unit of Bokon area in Timor, Indonesia. 22nd Int. Congress, Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 22, 8, p. 407-416. Sartono, S. (1969)- Stegodon timorensis: a pygmy specimen from Timor (Indonesia). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad, Wetensch. 72, p. 192-202. (Small elephantoid from Pleistocene of Timor) Sartono, S. (1973)- On an additional Stegodon timorensis Sartono. Direktorat Geologi Indonesia, Ser. Paleontol, 5, p. 1-10. Sartono, S. (1975)- The age of Kekneno Formation in Timor, Indonesia. Geol. Indonesia 2, 2, p. 29-37. (Limestone samples from Bokon area, E of Ocussi in NE part of W Timor, reportedly Kekneno Fm (= tectonically lowest 'para-autochtonous' unit; mainly Permo-Triassic clastics), but in upper part also Late Cretaceous planktonic forams) Sartono, S. (1980)- The Ofu Series in West Timor (East Indonesia). Bull. Dept. Geol. Inst. Tekn. Bandung 1, p. 1-10. Sartono, S. & M. Koesmono (1975)- Recognition of the geological units in Timor; a bimodal approach. Geol. Indonesia 2, 3, p. 29-34. (Proposal for another mixed lithostratigraphic- tectonic scheme for geologic units of Timor) Sartono, S., B. Suprapto, K. Poncomoyono & I. Hendrobusono (1992)- Kerangka tektonostratigrafi Timor, Indonesia Timur. Proc. 21st Ann. Mtg. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI). p. 547-563. (‘Tectonostratigraphic framework of Timor, East Indonesia’) Sashida, K. (2001)- Status of Paleozoic and Mesozoic radiolarian study in Thailand and Timor Island, Indonesia. In: A. Matsuoka (ed). Paleoceanography of the Panthalassa-Tethys, Invitation to Global Field Science Topics in Paleontology, Paleontological Societyof Japan, 2, p. 25-30. Sashida, K., S. Adachi, K. Ueno, Y. Kamata, & Munasri (1998)- Triassic radiolarian faunas from West Timor, Indonesia. Abstracts Interrad VIII Conference, Paris, Radiolaria 16, p. (Allochtonous blocks of Aitutu Fm fine-grained radiolarian limestone in Bobanaro melange. Four different localities and radiolarian faunas: A- Late Anisian, B-Carnian, C-Norian and D-Rhaetian. All are TethyanPanthalassa faunas and suggest rel. warm water conditions in Triassic) Sashida, K., S. Adachi, K. Ueno & Munasri (1996)- Late Triassic radiolarians from Nefokoko, west Timor, Indonesia. In: H. Noda & K. Sashida (eds.) Professor H. Igo Comm. Vol., Gakujitsu Tosho Insatsu Co., Tokyo, p. 225-234. (Siliceous bedded limestone block embedded in Bobanaro melange in NW part of W Timor with radiolarians and conodonts interpreted as Carnian age) Sashida, K., Y. Kamata, S. Adachi & Munasri (1999)- Middle Triassic radiolarians from West Timor, Indonesia. J. Paleontology 73, 5, p. 765-786. (Block of probably allochtonous Aitutu Fm radiolarian calcilutite from Bobanaro melange 3 km W of Kefamenau contains abundant Early Ladinian ‘typical low-latitude Tethyan forms’, similar to European Tethys. Aitutu Fm deposited in warm-water, oceanic environment, far from land area, in low latitude Tethyan realm)


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Sashida, K. & Munasri (1999)- Tethyan and non-Tethyan Early Cretaceous radiolarian faunas from the Nakfuna Formation, Kolbano Area, West Timor, palaeogeographic and tectonic implication. In: H. Darman & F.H. Sidi (eds.) Proc. Tectonics and sedimentation of Indonesia seminar, Bandung 1999, Indon. Sedim. Forum Spec. Publ. (Abstracts volume), 1, p. 88-91. Sashida, K., Munasri, S. Adachi & Y. Kamata (1999)- Middle Jurassic radiolarian fauna from Rotti Island, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, 4, p. 561-572. (Folded ‘Wai Luli Fm’ calcareous shale near Baa at NW coast of Roti with Bajocian- Bathonian low-latitude ‘Tethyan’ radiolarian assemblage; believed to be deposited in deep ocean, far from land. In same areas also Late Triassic and Early Cretaceous thin-bedded limestones with radiolarians) Sashida, K., Munasri, S. Adachi & K. Ueno (1996)- Early Cretaceous radiolarian faunas from the Nunleo area in southwest Timor, Indonesia. In B. Ratanasthien & S.L. Rieb (eds.) Proc. Int. Symposium. Geology and Environment of Southeast Asia, Chiang Mai University, p. 223. Sawyer, R.K., K. Sani & S. Brown (1993)- The stratigraphy and sedimentology of West Timor, Indonesia. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 533-574. (Amoseas W Timor fieldwork, stratigraphy overview) Schneider, C.F.A. (1863)- Bijdrage tot de geologische kennis van Timor. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 25, p. 87-107. (‘Contribution to the geological knowledge of Timor’; in Dutch. First studies of Mesozoic sediments and fossils from Timor, from Bakoelnassi area near Kupang, by German physician) Schubert, R. (1915)- Die Foraminiferen des jungeren Palaozoikums von Timor. Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 2, 3, p. 47-60. ('The foraminifera of the younger Paleozoic of Timor'. First paper on Timor Permian fusulinids and smaller foraminifera from many localities, collected by Wanner, Molengraaff and Weber expeditions (no maps). (Thought to be Late Carboniferous age, but placed in Early Permian by later workers. Four species described. Parafusulina wanneri is type species of Monodiexodina wanneri; HvG) Schubert, R. (1915)- Uber Foraminiferengesteine der Insel Letti. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 43 (1914), Verhand. 1, p. 169-187. ('On the foraminifera-bearing rocks of the island of Leti'. Abundant, rel. large elongate Permian fusulinids in loose limestone blocks, described as Doliolina lepida var. lettensis (Thompson 1948: small fauna of verbeekinids described here from Leti is different from Timor faunas). Also Upper Cretaceous Globotruncana linneana and E Miocene Lepidocyclina and Heterostegina (should be Spiroclypeus; HvG)) Shi, G.R. & N.W. Archbold (1995)- A quantitative analysis on the distribution of Baigendzhian- Early Kungurian (Early Permian) brachiopod faunas in the western Pacific region. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, 3, p. 189-205. (Early Permian brachiopods suggest 2 provinces Himalayan/Lhasa/Timor (S-temperate) and Shan-Tai/ Sumatra/ W Irian Jaya (S-subtropical), suggesting Timor (Maubisse) may have been S extension of Lhasa terrane) Shi, G.R., N.W. Archbold & L.P. Zhan (1995)- Distribution and characteristics of mixed (transitional) midPermian (Late Artinskian- Ufimian) marine faunas in Asia and their palaeogeographical implications. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 114, p. 241- 271. (Timor Sakmarian Maubisse Fm brachiopods similar to W. Australia. Bitauni late Early Permian assemblage has mixed Gondwana-Tethyan elements. Late Permian Basleo fauna is ‘Tethyan’ subtropical-tropical) Shimizu, D. (1966)- Permian brachiopod fossils of Timor (Palaeontological study of Portuguese Timor 3). Mem. Coll. Science, Kyoto University, Ser. B, Geol. Min., 32, 4, p. 401-427.


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(17 brachiopods from E Timor localities suggest Early Permian age. At some localities in part of autochthonous complex of reddish or purplish brown tuffaceous shale; in others associated with purplish tuffaceous, occasionally argillaceous limestones and shales) Sieverts, H. (1933)- Jouanetia cumingi (Sowerby) aus den Pliocan von Timor nebst Bemerkungen uber andere arten dieser Gattung. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Palaont., Beil. Band 71, p. 267-307. ('Jouanetia cumingi from the Pliocene of Timor, with remarks on other species of this genus'. Bivalve species) Simons, A.L. (1939)- Geological investigations in N.E. Netherlands Timor. Ph.D. Thesis University of Amsterdam, 110p. (also in: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 1937, 1, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 107-214) (NE part of W Timor (S of Atapupu, W of Atambua) common serpentinites and associated amphibolite schists and undeformed Tertiary andesitic volcanics (incl. pillow lavas), overlain by Late Miocene and/or Pliocene ‘Batu Putih’ Globigerina marls with siliceous tuff interbeds near N coast. Permo-Triassic flysch, bathyal Mesozoic ‘Sonnebait series’ and massive Permian and Triassic ‘Fatoe complex’ limestones in S. Fig. 17 suggests serpentinites and diabase overlie Triassic Kekneno clastics, in turn overlain by Permo-Triassic Sonnebait and Fatoe limestones. Triassic sandstones rich in micas, tourmaline, zircon and garnet and derived from crystalline schists. Late Tertiary marly limestones with hornblende, augite, hyperstene, pointing to erosion of young volcanic deposits. Permian and Triassic in 3 different facies-tectonic types: Kekneno, Sonnebait and Fatoe. Folded pelagic Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous sediments also present. Tectonic complexity and incomplete exposures prohibit stratigraphic colums or detailed cross-sections) Sinamora, W.H. & M. Untung (1983)- Preliminary Bouguer anomaly gravity map of West Timor. GRDC, Bandung. Sinaga, S.H., R. Adiarsa, F. Al’ayubie, D. Aulia, I.A. Arindra, I.R. Sialagan & H. Tanjung (2011)- Geological observation of Soe, Kuanfatu, Kualin area and its implications for petroleum system of West Timor. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc, (IPA), 16p. (Outcrop observations on W Timor. Some samples analyzed for geochemistry. Highest TOC 0.75-1.0 % in Triassic-Jurassic Aitutu and Wailuli Fms) Smith, J.P. (1927)- Permian ammonoids of Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) 2e Nederlandsche Timor-Expeditie 1916, IV, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 55 (1926), Verh. 1, p. 1-58. (Material from 1916 Timor expedition. Richest Permian ammonoid fauna in world. Successive Permian age faunas: Somohole, Bitauni, Basleo (all E Permian), Amarassi/ Ajer Mati (Late Permian?). Latest Permian faunas not seen in Timor) Sopaheluwakan, J. (1990)- Ophiolite obduction in the Mutis complex, Timor, eastern Indonesia. An example of inverted, isobaric, medium-high pressure metamorphism. Ph.D. Thesis Free University, Amsterdam, VU University Press, 226 p. (Mutis and Miomaffo metamorphic complexes have inverted metamorphic gradients and formed by obduction of hot, young ophiolite over oceanic rocks in Early Cretaceous. K-Ar age of 37 Ma corresponds to cooling below 300° C of terrane after mild reheating, up from depth of 5-6 km, suggestings major uplift in Late Eocene. This is then interpreted as Eocene collision onto Australian craton (more likely Sundaland margin event?; HvG)) Sopaheluwakan, J. (1991)- The Mutis metamorphic complex of Timor: a new view on the origin and its regional consequences. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 301-315. Sopaheluwakan, J., H. Helmers, S. Tjokrosapoetro & E. Surya Nila (1989)- Medium pressure metamorphism with inverted thermal gradient associated with ophiolite nappe emplacement in Timor. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, p. 333-343. (Mutis and Miomaffo Massifs metamorphosed pelitic and basic rocks associated with serpentinized peridotites. Decrease in metamorphic grades below and away from peridotites, with Mutis Massif slightly higher-grade metamorphism than Miomaffo. P-T-D plots of Mutis samples yield T gradient of 300 °C/·km in 1 km thick


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metamorphite below basal peridotite. Invertedly zoned metamorphites and other indications suggest Mutis and Miomaffo Massifs represent metamorphic aureoles below ophiolite slab) Sorauf, J.E. (1978)- Original structure and composition of Permian rugose and Triassic scleractinian corals. Palaeontology 21, 2, p. 321-339. (Study of Permian solitary coral structure based on exceptionally well-preserved Polycoelia, Timorophyllum and Lophophyllidium material in Wanner collection from Guadalupian of Basleo 23 locality, SW Timor) Sorauf, J.E. (1983)- Primary biogenic structures and diagenetic history of Timorophyllum wanneri, Rugosa, Permian, Timor, Indonesia. Assoc. Australasian Pal. Mem. 1, p. 275-288. Sorauf, J.E. (1984)- Upper Permian corals from Timor and diagenesis. Palaeontogr. Americana 54, p. 294-302. (Description of phraetic cements in well-preserved Permian rugosan fauna from Basleo, supposedly from blocks in ‘Tertiary deep water wildflysch’ (= ‘Bobanaro melange’)). Sorauf, J.E. (2004)- Permian corals of Timor (Rugosa and Tabulate): history of collection and study. Alcheringa 28, 1, p. 157-183. (History of collection and study of corals in Permian of Timor began in 1911 with Wanner, Molengraaff and Weber. Biostratigraphy of faunas uncertain, partly because of collection from tectonic melange sequence in Baun to Basleo region, and purchase of fossils from indigenous people. Permian corals from Timor need restudy from stratigraphic sequences in northern 'Fatu' belt of outcrops) Sousa Torres, A. & J. Pires Soares (1952)- Quelques contributions geologiques sur le Timor portugais. Report 18th Sess. Int. Geol. Congr., Great Britain, 1948, 13, p. 238-239. (‘Some contributions to the geology of Portuguese Timor’) Springer, F. (1918)- A new species of fossil Pentacrinus from the East Indies. In: Nederlandsche Timorexpeditie, II. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie 45 (1916), Verhand. 1, p. 59-64. (New crinoid species Pentacrinus rotiensis from Jurassic of Roti, collected by Brouwer in 1911 from grey shale-marl-limestone succession at Toempa Sili, NW of Bebalain) Springer, F. (1926)- Unusual forms of fossil crinoids. Proc. United States Nat. Museum 67, 5, p. 1-137. (Includes discussions of Timor crinoid faunas) Standley, C.E. (2007)- Banda forearc metamorphic rocks accreted to the Australian continental margin: detailed analysis of the Lolotoi Complex of East Timor. M.Sc. Thesis Brigham Young University, Utah, 137 p. (online http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/ETD&CISOPTR=1308&filename=etd1696.pdf Standley, C.E. & R.A. Harris (2006)- Banda forearc metamorphic rocks accreted to the Australian continental margin in Timor: detailed analysis of the Lolotoi Complex of East Timor. Eos Trans. AGU, 87, 52, Fall Mtg. Suppl. (Abstract only) (E Timor Lolotoi Complex part of group of thin metamorphic klippe, detached from Banda forearc and accreted to NW Australian margin during Late Miocene-Present arc-continent collision. Metamorphic protolith compositions similar to overlying unmetamorphosed tholeiitic basalt and andesite with oceanic arc affinities, and turbidites conglomerates and limestone (=also same as underlying rock?; HvG). Dominant structure lowangle folding/thrusting to SE. Metamorphic terrain in thrust contact with underlying Gondwana sequence rocks. Mostly unmetamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary cover units found locally in fault contact on edges of the klippen. Ar/Ar ages from amphibolite in W Timor yield ages of 34-39 Ma, interpreted as metamorphism age. Lolotoi Complex part of eastern Great Indonesian Arc, which collapsed in Eocene, incorporated into Banda Arc in Miocene, and accreted to Australian margin in Pliocene- Present) Standley, C.E. & R.A. Harris (2009)- Tectonic evolution of forearc nappes of the active Banda arc-continent collision: origin, age, metamorphic history and structure of the Lolotoi Complex, East Timor. Tectonophysics 479, 1-2, p. 66-94.


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(Lolotoi metamorphic complex of E Timor part of Banda forearc, metamorphosed and exhumed in Eocene and accreted to NW Australian continental margin in Late Miocene-Present. Greenschist, graphitic phyllite, quartzmica schist, amphibolite and pelitic schist dominant metamorphics. Protoliths tholeiitic basalt and basaltic andesite with mixed MORB-oceanic arc affinities. Metapelite schist mostly metasedimentary units with volcanic arc provenance. Peak metamorphism at ~45.4 Ma indicated by Lu-Hf analyses of garnet. Detrital zircon grains U/Pb age spikes at 663, 120 and 87 Ma, typical of Great Indonesian Arc, distinct from Australian affinity units and indicating deposition and metamorphism after 87 Ma. Deformation phases: 1-4 pre-Oligocene, 5 and 6 related to latest Miocene- Pliocene nappe emplacement deformation. Lolotoi Complex in thrust contact with underlying Gondwana Sequence rocks. ‘Asian’ volcanic and sedimentary cover units mostly in normal fault contact with metamorphic rocks. Lolotoi Complex of Timor Leste correlative with Mutis Complex of W Timor, both part of Banda Terrane and dispersed fragments of E Great Indonesian Arc) Stolley, E. (1929)- Uber Ostindische Jura-Belemniten. Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, XVI, 29, p. 91213. (‘On East Indies Jurassic belemnites’. Belemnites from Molengraaff, Jonker and Weber collections. Includes reports of Belemnopsis aucklandica from Timor (Ofu) and Roti, re-assigned to Belemnopsis uhligi-jonkeri group by Stevens 1964. B. aucklandica from Yamdena, re-described as Belemnopsis stolleyi by Stevens 1964) Suardy, A., Mulhadiono & F. Hehuwat (1987)- Application of remote sensing for hydrocarbon exploration in Timor island, Indonesia. Proc. ACRS, Jakarta, 17, p. 1- 15. Sunarjanto, D. & M.B. Wismaya (1994)- Potensi sumberdaya mineral dan energi di Timor Timur. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 1118-1127. (Potential for mining of minerals and energy in East Timor') Suwitodirdjo, K. & S. Tjokrosapoetro (1975)- Geologic map of the Atambua Quadrangle, Timor, 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung. Swantry, N. (1989)- Geologi dan struktur geologi daerah Oeolo dan sekitarnya, Kecamatan Miomafo Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, NTT. Ph.D. Thesis, Inst. Techn. Bandung, 253 p. ('Geology and geologic structure in the Oeolo and surrounding areas, W Miomafo, North central Timor') Sy, E. (1958)- Die Gattung Stromatoporidium Vinassa de Regny aus der Obertrias der Insel Timor (Hydrozoa). Anzeiger Osterr. Akad. Wissensch., Math.-Naturw. Kl. 1958, p. 163-168. ('The genus Stromatoporidium Vinassa de Regny from the Upper Triassic of Timor island (Hydrozoa)') Tan Sin Hok (1926)- On a young Tertiary limestone on the isle of Rotti with coccoliths, calci and manganese peroxide spherulites. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 29, 8, p. 1095-1105. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015375.pdf) (Early description of Late Teriary calcareous nannofossils and radiolaria in pelagic limestone with radiolaria and small manganese nodules from S part of Roti island, collected by Brouwer) Tappenbeck, D. (1939)- Geologie des Mollogebirges und einiger benachbarter Gebiete (Niederlandisch Timor). Ph.D. Thesis University of Amsterdam, 105 p. (also in: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 1940, 1, Noord Hollandsche Publ., Amsterdam, p. 1-105) (Good descriptions/ map of Mollo mountains metamorphics and overlying ’Banda terrane’ stratigraphy) Tate, G., N. McQuarrie, R.R..Bakker, D.J.J..van Hinsbergen & R.A. Harris (2010)- Active arc-continent accretion in Timor-Leste: new structural mapping and quantification of continental subduction. AGU 2010 Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Abstract T51A1996T, 1p. (Abstract only) (New mapping in Timor-Leste provided view of structural repetition of 'Australian' continental sedimentary units below overriding Banda Arc material. Transect Laclo-Barique exposes deep erosional level, showing 3 regional NNE-striking thrust faults with ~3 km spacing, repeating Aitutu-Cribas stratigraphy. Jurassic Wailuli


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shales and Bobonaro melange act as upper decollement between this duplex and Lolotoi metamorphic basement of Banda Arc. New balanced structural cross-section produces minimum shortening of 320 km) Tatzreiter, F. (1980)- Neue trachyostrake Ammonoideen aus dem Nor (Alaun 2) der Tethys. Verhand. Geol. Bundesanst. 1980, 2, p. 123-159. (online at: http://www.geologie.ac.at/filestore/download/VH1980_123_A.pdf) ('New Upper Triassic (Columbianus Zone, Norian) ammonoids from the Tethys'. New Late Triassic ammonite genera and species from exotic, pink blocks of 'Hallstatt Limestone' from Bihati River Baun, SE of Kupang, W Timor) Tatzreiter, F. (1981)- Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie im hoheren Nor (Alaun, Trias) der Tethys aufgrund neuer Untersuchungen in Timor. Denkschr. Osterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturw. Kl. 121, p. 1-142. ('Ammonite fauna and stratigraphy of the upper Norian (Alaun, Triassic) of the Tethys, based on new investigations in Timor'. Martini et al. (2000): extremely condensed, pelagic U Triassic section (max. 3m of Norian) with abundant ammonites. Tozer (1982): 1 m thick block with 3 Norian ammonite zones and Monotis salinaria; looks like ‘Hallstatt facies’ of European Alps; probably seamount deposit ) Tatzreiter, F.R. (1983)- The trachyostrace ammonoids of the Himavites columbianus Zone (upper Middle Norian) from Timor, Indonesia. Doct. Thesis, University of Wien, p. Teixeira, C. (1952)- Notas sobra la geologia e la tectonica de Timor. Estudios Coloniais, Revista Escol Sup. Colon., Lisbon, 3, p. 85-154. (‘Notes on the geology and tectonics of Timor’. On Portuguese Timor; in Portuguese) Tesch, P. (1916)- Jungtertiare und quartare Mollusken von Timor- I. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 5, Abh. 9, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-70. ('Late Tertiary and Quaternary molluscs from Timor- part 1'. Mainly taxonomic descriptions of mollusks collected by Wanner, Molengraaf 1909, 1911 expeditions. Faunas dominated by gastropods, 113 species, 17 new. With table listing localities; no map) Tesch, P. (1920)- Jungtertiare und quartare Mollusken von Timor-II. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 8, 14, p. 41-121. (‘Late Tertiary and Quaternary molluscs from Timor- part 2’. Continuation of above monograph, species 114233. In stratigraphic conclusions samples grouped in 3 categories: Late Miocene?-Early Pliocene, Late Pliocene- Early Pleistocene and Pleistocene) Tesch, P. (1923)- Trilobiten aus der Dyas von Timor und Letti. Palaeontologie von Timor 12, 21, p. 123-132. (Trilobites from the Permian of Timor and Leti’. Phillipsia and Neoproetus collected by Wanner, Molengraaff, Jonker et al. Trilobites relatively rare and poorly preserved in Timor Permian) 'T Hoen, C.W.A.P. & L.J.C. van Es (1928)- De opsporingen naar delfstoffen op het eiland Timor. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Ned. Indie 54 (1925), Verh. 2, p. 1-80. (Mineral exploration of W Timor with negative results, except for some subeconomic copper deposits associated with serpentinites. Includes 1:250,000 geological overview map of W Timor by Van Es) Thompson, M.L. (1949)- The Permian fusulinids of Timor. J. Paleontology 23, 2, p. 182-192. (Fusulinid limestones collected by Brouwer expedition in 1937 in W Timor contains 5 species of fusulinids, incl. Schwagerina brouweri n. sp. All appear to indicate Early Permian, Leonardian or older age. Fusulinids of Timor not similar to widespread complex fusulinid faunas in other parts of E Hemisphere) Tichy, G. (1979)- Gastropoden aus den Triassischen Hallstatterkalk-Blocken von West-Timor (Indonesien). Beitr. Palaont. Osterr. 6, p. 119-133.


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(‘Gastropods from Triassic Halstatt limestone blocks of W Timor’. SW Timor Bihati River limestones with abundant ammonites and rare gastropods. Gastropods interpreted as deep water, of M-U Norian and Carnian ages. Species identical to Hallstat Limestone in Austria) Tjokrosapoetro, S. (1978)- Holocene tectonics on Timor Island, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Survey Indonesia 4, 1, p. 49-63. (Active Holocene tectonism. Uplift at W end of island 1 mm/yr, higher in central part) Tjokrosapoetro, S. (1978)- Holocene tectonics on Timor Island. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 65, p. 143-164. Tjokrosapoetro, S. (1983)- Late volcanic activity in Timor Island. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 10p. Tjokrosapoetro, S. (1993)- Indication of initial stage of volcanic activity on Timor. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 8, 2, p. 23-44. (Hot sulphuric smoke near Ajobaki (2 km NW of Kapan, 30 km N of Soe) in January 1983 and fumaroles and sulphuric hot springs may suggest early stage of volcanic activity. Timor is part of non-volcanic Outer Banda Arc, with last volcanic activity of inner Banda Volcanic Arc in Late Miocene (5.9-6.2 Ma). Eight million years from now Timor will probably be active volcanic island, due to subduction N of Wetar since 3 Ma) Tobing, S.L. (1989)- The geology of East Timor. M. Phil. Thesis, London University, p. 1-129. (Mainly revised geologic map of E Timor, based on photogeologic studies) Torre de Assuncao, C. (1956)- Notas da petrografia timorense. Garcia de Orta 4, 2, p. 265-278. ('Notes on the petrography of Timor'. In Portuguese) Tozer, E.T. (1994)- Significance of Triassic stage boundaries defined in North America. In: J. Guex & A. Baud (eds.) Recent developments on Triassic Stratigraphy. Mem. de Geologie (Lausanne) 22, p. 155. (Includes record of M Triassic (lower Anisian) ammonites Keyserlingites angustecostatus and Paracrochordiceras from block of Hallstatt Limestone on Timor) Ueno, K. (2006)- The Permian antitropical fusulinoidean genus Monodiexodina: distribution, taxonomy, paleobiogeography and paleoecology. J. Asian Earth Sci. 26, p. 380-404. (Review of 'subtropical', 'mid-Permian' fusulinid genus Monodiexodina from 33 areas in Asia. Several Timor occurrences, all in middle part of Maubisse Fm of Timor (~Artinskian- Kungurian), and first reported by Schubert (1915) as Schwagerina wanneri) UN ESCAP (2003)- Geology and mineral resources of Timor-Leste. Atlas of Mineral Resources of the ESCAP region 17, United Nations, p. 1-143. UN ESCAP (2003)- Geology of Timor-Leste. In: Atlas of Mineral Resources of the ESCAP region 17, United Nations, p. 11-27. (Online at www.unescap.org/esd/water/publications/mineral/amrs/vol17/) (Rather general East Timor geology overview) Utoyo, H. & S. Permanadewi (1994)- Perbandingan pentarikhan K-Ar pada hornblende dan biotit dalam batuan malihan Formasi Aileu, Timor Timur. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC, Bandung) 4, 32, p. 13-18. (Peak metamorphism of Aileu Fm in E Timor 7.68 Ma, based on 3 K-Ar age determinations on hornblende and biotite) Van den Boogaard, M. (1987)- Lower Permian conodonts from western Timor (Indonesia). Proc. Kon. Ned. Acad. Wetensch., ser B, 90, 1, p. 15-39. (Lower Permian condonts from samples collected by Jonker expedition near Bitauni in 1916 and SW Mutis region by De Roever in 1937. Important constituent of fauna is Vjalovognathus shindyensis)


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Van Es, L.J.C. (1921)- Inlandsche koperertsontginningen op Timor. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 38, p. 808-810. ('Copper ore exploitation by natives on Timor'. Small occurrences of copper (native copper, cuprite) from red and grey shales and Cretaceous limestone in area of Noil Toko, several localities of Amanubang and in N Belu) Van Eykeren, H. (1942)- Microblastus gen. nov. und einige andere neue permische Blastoideen von Timor. Neues Jahrbuch Mineral. Geol. Pal., Beil.-Bd. 86B, p. 282-298. ('Microblastus new genus and other new Permian blastoids from Timor'; in German. New species of blastoids from the Brouwer/ University of Amsterdam Timor collection) Van Marle, L.J. (1991)- Late Cenozoic palaeobathymetry and geohistory analysis of Central West Timor, Eastern Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 8, 1, p. 22-34. (W Timor Central Basin with ~550m or more Mid-Pliocene- E Pleistocene deep marine clastics over E Pliocene pelagic calcilutites (‘Batu Putih Fm’). E Pliocene paleo water depth probably ~2000m. Two uplift episodes(1) 2.4- 1.6 Ma, corresponding to arrival of Australian continental slope in subduction system; (2) larger uplift between 250 ka- today, reflects arrival of Australian continental shelf at Outer Banda Arc thrust belt) Van Voorthuysen, J.H. (1940)- Geologische Untersuchungen im Distrikt Amfoan (Nordwest Timor). In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 1937, 2, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 345-367. ('Geological investigations in the Amfoan District, NW Timor'. Reports a.o. common dark grey Eocene limestone with Nummulites, unconformable on crystalline schists of Mosu and Nefoneu (incl. Eocene conglomerate with rounded schist and volcanic clasts), closely associated with widespread Eocene andesitic volcanics. Also blocks of Lower Miocene reefal limestone with Spiroclypeus and Miogypsina, always found in proximity to crystalline schists, and with clasts of schists and volcanics) Van West, F.P. (1941)- Geological investigations in the Miomaffo Region, Netherlands Timor. Ph.D. Thesis University of Amsterdam, 130p. (Also in H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 1937, III, p. 1-131) (Miomaffo Massif of W Timor mainly amphibolite-dominated metamorphic rocks, overlain by ‘Lower Palelo’ radiolarian cherts (?Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous?). U Cretaceous Upper Palelo greywackes- volcanoclastics unconformably over Lower Palelo and crystalline schist, with pebbles of schists. Overlain by Early- M Eocene Alveolina-Nummulites limestones and Late Eocene Pellatispira limestones without volcanics. Unconformably overlain by Early Miocene basal conglomeratic limestones with Spiroclypeus and Miogypsina, Globigerina limestone, and increasing volcanic rocks upsection. Ultrabasic rocks probably intrusives in crystalline schists. Striking resemblance of Miomaffo succession with Martapoera region in SE Borneo) Villeneuve, M., J.J. Cornee, A. Harsolumakso, R. Martini & L. Zaninetti (2005)- Revision stratigraphique de l'Ile de Timor (Indonesie orientale). Eclogae Geol. Helvetiae 98, 2, p. 297-310. ('Stratigraphic revision of Timor island'; in French. Many stratigraphic scales proposed for Timor due to tectonic complexity and facies variability. Timor comprises 6 units, linked to episodes of geological history. Evolution starts with Jurassic break-up of block from Gondwana (para-allochthonous unit), followed by OligoMiocene collision with Asian volcanic arc (allochthonous and sub-autochthonous units). By Late Miocene this assemblage of blocks separated from Asia during S Banda Sea opening (sub-autochthonous unit), then collided with N Australian margin in M Pliocene (Australian platform and Kolbano Group). Since then, Timor Island is part of Australian N margin (autochthonous unit). Villeneuve, M., J.J. Cornee, R. Martini & L. Zaninetti (2004)- Nouvelle hypothese sur l'origine des formations geologiques de l'ile de Timor (Sud-Est Asiatique). Comptes Rendus Geoscience 336, 16, p. 1511-1520. (Stratigraphy/ tectonics suggest Timor and S Sulawesi were part of same continental block. Main deformation on Timor and Sulawesi is Oligocene. Timor separated in Late Miocene during opening of S Banda Basin and became part of a Late Miocene arc that collided with Australia at end of Early Pliocene, 3.5 Ma)


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Villeneuve, M., A.H. Harsolumakso, J.J. Cornee & H. Bellon (1999)- Structure of West Timor (East Indonesia) along a north-south cross section. Geol. Mediterraneenne 26, p. 127-142. Vinassa de Regny, P. (1915)- Triadische Algen, Spongien, Anthozoen und Bryozoen aus Timor. Palaontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 4, 8, p. 75-118. (Late Triassic algae (Solenopora), sponges (Molengraaffia, Steinmannia), corals (incl. species of Thecosmilia, Isastraea, Montlivaltia and Lovcenipora), pachyporidae (Lovcenipora), stromatoporidae and bryozoa, mainly from reefal ‘Fatu Limestones’ from westernmost Timor and Pualaca area, East Timor. (Nine coral species in common with alpine Zlambachschichten; Diener 1916)) Vita-Finzi, C. & S. Hidayat (1991)- Holocene uplift in West Timor. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, 3-4, p. 387393. (Holocene uplift rates <0.3mm/yr, i.e. much lower than Late Pliocene rates, suggesting rapid, but short-lived uplift of Timor in Late Pliocene) Von Arthaber, G. (1926)- Ammonoidea leiostraca aus der oberen Trias von Timor. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 55 (1926), Verh. 2, p. 1-173 + Atlas. (110 species of Carnian- Norian/Late Triassic ammonites (66% endemic, 57 species in common with Mediterranean/ Tethys bioprovince)) Von Bulow, E. (1915)- Orthoceren und Belemnitiden der Trias von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaontologie von Timor 4, 7, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-72. (’Orthocerids and belemnites from the Triassic of Timor’. Mainly on taxonomy of straight nautiloids (Orthoceras spp.) and belemnites (Aulacoceras, Dictyoconites spp, Atractites spp.) from Molengraaff, Wanner 1909-1911 expeditions. Triassic belemnites known from Timor, Savu and Roti. Carnian-Norian belemnites in bright limestones, commonly with manganese coating) Von Huene, F. (1931)- Ichthyosaurier von Seran und Timor. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol., Palaont., Beilageband 66, B, p. 211-214. (Triassic or Jurassic Ichthyosaurus vertebrae from Bula, E Seram, and Basleo, W Timor) Von Huene, E. (1935)- Mosasaurier-Zahne von Timor. Zentralblatt Min. Geol. Pal., B, 10, p. 412-416. (Upper Cretaceous Mosasaurus teeth Globidens? timorensis n.sp. from red clays above Triassic Halobia Limestone in Noil Tobe near Nikiniki and Oe Batok II near Baung, C. Timor) Von Huene, E. (1936)- Ichthyosaurierreste aus Timor. Zentralblatt Min., Geol. Pal., B. 8, p. 327-334. ('Ichthyosaur remains from Timor'. Description of ichthyosaur remains from E-M Triassic of Noil Bunu, W Timor) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1967)- An Upper Eocene mammal of the family Anthracotheriidae from the island of Timor. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B70, 5, p. 529- 533. (Description of Eocene Hippopotamus-like skull fragment and upper molar from W of Laharus, W Timor, named Anthracothema verhoeveni n. sp.. Genus also known from Eocene of Birma, S China and W Borneo and is first indication of Eocene mammalian fauna in E Indonesia. Asian affinity, not Australian, and may be used to support proximity of much of Timor island to SE Asia/Sundaland in Eocene; Ducrocq 1996) Von Schouppe, A. & P. Stacul (1955)- Die Genera Verbeekiella Penecke, Timorphyllum Gerth, Wannerophyllum n. gen., Lophophyllidium Grabau aus dem Perm von Timor. Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien 5, 3, p. 95-196. (Descriptions of Permian solitary corals, mainly from Basleo area, W Timor, from where 12,000 specimens were collected in 1927. Distinguished 17 species, 10 of which new. Assemblages now regarded as M Permian, deeper water and cooler climate 'Cyathaxonia fauans' or 'Lytvolasma faunas')


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Von Schouppe, A. & P. Stacul (1959)- Saulchenlose Pterocorallia aus dem Perm von Indonesisch Timor (mit Ausnahme der Polycoelidae). Eine morphogenetische und taxonomische Untersuchung. Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien 5, 4, p. 197-359. (Paleontological descriptions of Timor Permian solitary corals) Wang, H.C. (1947)- Notes on some Permian rugose corals from Timor. Geol. Mag. 84, 6, p. 334-344. (Permian corals of Timor excellent preservation. Mainly review of works of Gerth, Koker, Schindewolf and Timor material in British Museum (Natural History)) Wanner, C. (1922)- Die Gastropoden und Lamellibranchiaten der Dyas von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor, Stuttgart, 11, 18, p. 1-82. (‘The gastropods and bivalves from the Permian of Timor’. Description of Permian bivalve material collected by Wanner and Molengraaff in 1909-1911, mainly from Basleo area. High diversity faunas (61 gastropod, 25 bivalve species), but low abundance compared to other fossil groups. Timor richest in Capulids of all known Permian faunas. Includes presence of Atomodesma spp. from various localities (genus often regarded as 'Gondwanan'; HvG)) Wanner, C. (1940)- Neue Permische Lamellibranchiaten von Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands 1937, 2, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 369-395. (‘New Permian bivalves from Timor’. Addendum to 1922 paper, based on new material collected by Ehrat in 1927 and Brouwer/ De Roever 1937 expedition, mainly from Basleo area, W Timor. Incl. Atomodesma in flysch W of Kasleo in Kekneno area) Wanner, C. (1942)- Neue Beitrage zur Gastropoden fauna des Perm von Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands, etc., 1937, 4, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 137-203. (Permian gastropods from Timor 70 species, one of richest in world. Almost all new species, only 3 species known from elsewhere (Pakistan, Sicily, China)) Wanner, J. (1907)- Triaspetrefakten der Molukken und des Timorarchipels. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal., Beilageband 24, p. 159-220. (Late Triassic molluscs, corals, ammonites faunas from Misool (Carnian dark shales with Daonella), Seram (typical Tethys-Mediteranean Norian molluscs Monotis salinaria, Amonotis and brachiopod Halorella). Also Triassic fossils from Timor-Roti- Savu (generally deeper water facies, but potentially similar ‘alpine’ character with mainly Halobia, Daonella, but also ‘Pacific’ mollusc Pseudomonotis ochotica. Timor/Roti/ Savu Triassic reminiscent of North Sumatra Upper Triassic described by Volz, 1899) Wanner, J. (1910)- Uber eine merkwurdige Echinodermenform aus dem Perm von Timor. Zeitschr. Induktive Abstammungs Vererbungslehre 4, p. 123-142. ('On a remarkable echinoderm from the Permian of Timor'. Detailed description of anatomy of Permian blastoids Timorechinus spp. from E of Nikiniki and comparison to Schizoblastus permicus) Wanner, J. (1911)- Triascephalopoden von Timor und Rotti. Neues Jahrbuch Min., Geol., Palaont., Beil. Band 32, p. 177-196. (‘Triassic cephalopods from Timor and Roti’) Wanner, J. (1912)- Timorocrinus nov. gen. aus dem Perm von Timor. Zentralbl. Min. Geol. Pal. 19, p. 599-605. ('Timorocrinus new genus from the Permian of Timor'. New genus name for Timorechinus miriabilis from Molengraaff collection. No locality information, presumably Basleo) Wanner, J. (1913)- Geologie von West Timor. Geol. Rundschau 4, 2, p. 136-150.


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(First overview of geology and stratigraphy of western part of West Timor, based on Wanner, Welter and Haniel 1909 fieldwork. Probably first paper to suggest large-scale, Alpine-type overthrusting on Timor (Molengraaff idea around same time)) Wanner, J. (ed.) (1914-1929)- Palaontologie von Timor. Schweizerbart Verlag, Stuttgart, 16 vols. (‘Paleontology of Timor’. Series of beautifully illustrated paleontological monographs on Timor fossils by German paleontologists, published over 15 year period. Some issues still available from original publisher) Wanner, J. (1915)- Die Cephalopoden der Dyas von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaontologie von Timor 6, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-153. (‘The cephalopods of the Permian of Timor’) Wanner, J. (1916)- Die permischen Echinodermen von Timor I. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaontologie von Timor 6, 11, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-329. (‘The Permian echinoderms from Timor-1’. Major monograph on crinoids of Timor, collected in 1909 and 1911. Total 123 species (105 new) of 44 genera (28 new)) Wanner, J. (1917)- Die permischen Brachiopoden von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaontologie von Timor 12, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-104. (‘The Permian brachiopods of Timor’) Wanner, J. (1920)- Ueber armlose Krinoiden aus dem jungeren Palaeozoikum. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser., 5, 2, p. 21-36. ('On arm-less crinoids from the Late Paleozoic') Wanner, J. (1920)- Ueber einige palaeozoische Seeigelstacheln (Timorocidaris gen. nov. und Bolboporites Pander). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 22, 7-8, p. 696-712. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012020.pdf) ('On some Paleozoic sea urchin spines (Timorocidaris gen. nov. and Bolboporites Pander)'. In German. Timorocidaris material from Permian of Basleo, Timor) Wanner, J. (1923)- Die permischen Krinoiden von Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) 2e Nederlandsche TimorExpeditie 1916, II, Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 50 (1921), Verh. 3, p. 1-348. (‘The Permian crinoids of Timor’) Wanner, J. (1924)- Die permischen Echinodermen von Timor-II. Palaontologie von Timor XIV, 23, p. 1-81. (‘The Permian echinoderms of Timor- II’. Monograph of Permian blastoids) Wanner, J. (1924)- Die permischen Blastoiden von Timor. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 51 (1922), Verh. 1, p. 163-233. ('The Permian blastoids of Timor'. Timor Permian blastoid faunas richest in world, both in species and numbers, with many species unknown elsewhere. Many localities, probably representing different stages of Permian. Character of faunas more European (Tethys) than American (NB: taxonomy of blastoids revised by Breimer & Macurda (1972); HvG) Wanner, J. (1926)- Die marine Permfauna von Timor. Geol. Rundschau 17a, Sonderband (Steinmann Festschrift), p. 20-48. ('The marine Permian fauna of Timor'. Timor Permian faunas richest of all known marine Permian faunas. Crinoids and blastoids particularly common. Corals dominated by solitary taxa. Ammonite and brachiopod faunas mostly genera already known from elsewhere) Wanner, J. (1929)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Permischen Echinodermen von Timor. I. Allagecrinus, II. Hypocrinites. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Wetensch. Meded. 11, p. 1-116.


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(‘New contributions to the knowledge of Permian echinoderms from Timor, I. Allagecrinus and II. Hypocrinites’. New crinoid species, mainly based on material from Basleo. First of long series; in German) Wanner, J. (1930)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Permischen Echinodermen von Timor, III. Hypocrininae, Paracatillocrinus und Allagecrinus. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Wetensch. Meded. 13, p. 1-31. (‘New contributions to the knowledge of Permian echinoderms of Timor 3- Hypocrininae, Paracatillocrinus and Allagecrinus’. New crinoid species from Ehrat collection from Basleo and Niki-Niki) Wanner, J. (1930)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Permischen Echinodermen Von Timor, IV. Flexibilia. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Wetensch. Meded. 14, p. 1-61. (‘New contributions to the knowledge of Permian echinoderms of Timor 4- Flexibilia’. New 'flexibilia'-group crinoid descriptions and species. In German) Wanner, J. (1931)- Das Alter der permischen Basleo-Schichten von Timor. Zentralblatt Min. Geol. Pal., B, p. 539-549. (‘The age of the Permian Basleo beds of Timor’. Basleo beds believed to be Upper Permian (later authors more commonly view Basleo fauna as ~Mid Permian; HvG). With map of fossil localities) Wanner, J. (1931)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der permischen Echinodermen von Timor, V. Poteriocrinidae, Pt. 1, VI. Blastoidea. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie, Wetensch. Meded. 16, p. 1-77. (‘New contributions to the knowledge of Permian echinoderms of Timor 5- Poteriocrinidae part 1') Wanner, J. (1931)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Permischen Echinodermen von Timor. VII. Die Anomalien der Schizoblasten. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Wetensch. Meded. 20, 42 p. ('New contributions to the knowledge of the Permian echinoderms of Timor- VII. The anomalies of the Schizoblasts') Wanner, J. (1932)- Zur Kenntnis der permischen Ammonoideen-fauna von Timor. Beitr. Palaeontologie des Ostindischen Archipels III, Neues Jahrb. Miner., Geol. Pal., Beil. Band 67, B, p. 257-278. ('On the knowledge of the Permian ammonoid fauna from Timor. Descriptions of Permian ammonites from Basleo, W Timor, collected by Ehrat, Molengraaff, etc. No stratigraphy, biogeography) Wanner, J. (1932)- Anisische Monophylliten von Timor. Beitr. Palaeontologie des ostindischen Archipels IV, Neues Jahrb. Miner. Geol. Pal., Beil. Band 67, B, p. 279-286. ('Anisian Monophyllites from Timor'. New species of M Triassic ammonite Monophyllites from Oe Masih, Basleo area, from Ehrat collection) Wanner, J. (1937)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss der permischen Echinodermen von Timor VIII- XIII. Palaeontographica, Suppl. IV, Beitr. Geologie Niederl.-Indien IV, 2, p. 57-212. (‘New contributions to the knowledge of Permian echinoderms of Timor 8-13’. Systematic descriptions of 19 new genera and 43 new species of crinoids) Wanner, J. (1940)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der permischen Echinodermen von Timor XIV. Poteriocrinidae, 3 Teil. Palaeontographica, Suppl. 4, Beitr. zur Geologie Niederl.-Indien IV, 3, p. 213-242. (‘New contributions to the knowledge of Permian echinoderms of Timor 14’. More systematic descriptions of new species of crinoids) Wanner, J. (1940)- Neue Blastoideen aus dem Perm von Timor, mit einem Beitrag zur Systematik der Blastoiden. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands, etc., 1937, 1, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 215- 277. (‘New blastoids from the Permian of Timor, with a contribution to the systematics of the blastoids'. New Permian blastoid species, mainly from De Marez Oyens and Brouwer 1937 collections from Basleo, W Timor. Basleo area contains commeon microblastoids and microcrinoids. Of the 13 Permian blastoid genera known


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from Timor only two or three (Schizoblastus, Orbitremites) also occur outside Timor (But: Timoroblastus and Deltoblastus also in North Oman; Webster 2007; HvG) Wanner, J. (1940)- Neue Permische Lamellibranchiaten von Timor. In: H.A. Brouwer (ed.) Geological Expedition of the University of Amsterdam to the Lesser Sunda Islands, etc., 1937, 2, Noord Hollandsche Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 370-395. (Permian bivalves collected by Ehrat in 1927 and Brouwer1937 expedition. Most from Basleo area, and are species of Atomodesma, already known from earlier Timor papers) Wanner, J. (1941)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der permischen Echinodermen von Timor XV. Palaeontographica, Suppl. 4, Beitr. Geologie Niederl.-Indien IV, 5, p. 295-314. (‘New contributions to the knowledge of the Permian echinoderms of Timor 15') Wanner, J. (1941)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der permischen Echinodermen von Timor XVI. Poteriocrinidae 4 Teil. Palaeontographica, Suppl. 4, Beitr. Geologie Niederl.-Indien V, 1, p. 297-314. (‘New contributions to the knowledge of the Permian echinoderms of Timor 16- Poteriocrinidae part 4') Wanner, J. (1942)- Beitrage zur Palaontologie des Ostindischen Archipels XIX, Die Crinoidengattung Paradoxocrinus aus dem Perm von Timor. Zentralblatt Min., Geol. Pal., B, 7, p. 201-214. (‘Contributions to the paleontology of the East Indies Archipelago 19- The crinoid genus Paradoxocrinus from the Permian of Timor'. In German) Wanner, J. (1949)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der permischen Echinodermen von Timor, Poteriocrinidae 16, 4. Palaeontographica, Suppl. 4, p. 1-56. (same as Wanner 1941?) Wanner, J. (1951)- Uber die Crinoidengattung Timorocidaris. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Pal., Monatschafte 1950, 12, p. 360-370. ('On the crinoid genus Timorocidaris') Wanner, J. (with F. Weber) (1956)- Zur Stratigraphie vom Portuguesisch Timor. Zeitschr. Deutsche Geol. Ges. 108, p. 109-140. (‘On the stratigraphy of Portuguese Timor’. Comprehensive discussion of Permian and Triassic facies in 'pseudoautochtonous’ and in nappe complexes of Timor Leste) Wanner, J. & H. Sieverts (1935)- Zur Kenntnis der permischen Brachiopoden von Timor. 1. Lyttoniidae und ihre biologische und stammesgeschichtliche Bedeutung. Beitr. Palaeontologie des ostindischen Archipels 12, N. Jahrbuch Miner. Geol. Palaont., Beil. Band 74, B, p. 201-281. ('On the knowledge of the Permian brachiopods of Timor: 1. Lyttoniidae and their biological and evolutionary significance') Ware, P. & L.O. Ichram (1997)- The role of mud volcanoes in petroleum systems: examples from Timor, the South Caspian and the Caribbean. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petrol. Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 955-970. (Main mud volcano fields on Timor-Roti associated with Bobonaro Complex which consists of matrix of extruded scaly clays derived from Kekneno Series. Mud volcanoes common in front of thrust zones) Warwick, D.J. (1970)- The Mesozoic geology of the area between the Ira Bere and Namalutun Rivers, Portuguese Timor. Timor Oil Ltd. Report, 11p. (Brief report on S coast of East Timor mapping; some photos, but no maps in report ?) Waters, J.A. (2000)- The palaeobiogeography of the Blastoidea (Echinodermata). In: W.S. McKerrow & C.R Scotese (eds.) Palaeozoic palaeogeography and biogeography, Geol. Soc., London, Mem. 12, p. 339-352. (Timor Permian fauna most diverse and abundant of blastoid faunas, but paleoecology and stratigraphy poorly understood. Ages Sakmarian-Asselian and Kazanian. Several genera in common between Timor and Australia,


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but others conspicuously absent: Angioblastus, Deltoblastus not in Australia; Australoblastus not in Timor. Reasons for endemism not clear. Kazanian Timor faunas last successful blastoids before class extinction) Webster, G.D. (1998)- Distortion in the stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Timor; a historical review with an analysis of the crinoid and blastoid faunas. In: G.R. Shi, N.W. Archbold & M. Grover (eds.) Strzelecki Int. Symp. Permian of Eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria. 110, 1-2, p. 45-72. (Rich Permian Timor fossils poorly constrained stratigraphically. Two-thirds of Timor crinoid and blastoid genera unknown outside Timor) Webster, G.D. (1998)- Palaeobiogeography of Tethys Permian crinoids. In: G.R. Shi, N.W. Archbold & M. Grover (eds.) Strzelecki Int. Symposium on Permian of Eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 110, 1-2, p.289-308. (No Permian crinoid fauna in world as diverse and abundant as Timor. Five horizons between SakmarianWuchiapingian. Australian faunas generally considered as cooler water faunas, Timor warm-water shelf. In Artinskian greater similarity beween W Australia and Timor than between W and E Australia) Webster, G.D. & S.K. Donovan (2012)- Revision of two species of ?Ulocrinus and a new pelecocrinid crinoid from West Timor. Palaeoworld 21, 2, p. 108-115. Weiler, W. (1932)- Ueber Fischreste aus der Kreide von Timor. Neues Jahrb. Min., Beil.-Band 67, p. 287-304. ('On fish remains from the Cretaceous of Timor'. Fish teeth, believed to be of Late Cretaceous age from red clays above Triassic Halobia Limestone in Noil Tobee, collected by Ehrat. Branson 1937 suggested possible Permian elements) Wells, N. (2005)- Redefining the Lolotoi Formation, Timor-Leste. PESA News, 12/2004, p. 36 (Abstract only; Geology in Timor Symposium) (Greenschist-epidote facies metamorphism in E Timor Lolotoi Fm. Mafic precursor basalts oceanic crust? Three stages of ductile deformation and three types of brittle deformation. Fault trends 100º, 050º and N-S. Basal contact of Lolotoi Fm is >100m fault gouge with underlying Eocene units. Ductile shear zone separates Lolotoi Fm from overlying Cablac Fm. Lolotoi Fm significantly deformed prior to juxtaposition with Cablac Fm. Slivers of Lolotoi Fm involved in ductile shear zone and intercalated with base Cablac Fm suggest these two units were structurally juxtaposed. Lolotoi Fm and Aileu Fm not similar, but Mutis Complex of W Timor broadly similar) Welter, O.A. (1914)- Die Obertriadischen Ammoniten und Nautiliden von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1, 1, p. 1-258 + Atlas, 36 plates. (‘The Upper Triasic ammonites and nautiloids from Timor’. Monograph of ammonites collected by Molengraaff 1910-1912, Wanner 1911 and Weber 1911 W Timor expeditions. Rich assemblages with 205 Carnian-Norian species, mainly from blocks of ‘Halstatter Facies’ red limestone, ~2 m thick fossil accumulation without terrigenous sediment, from S half of W Timor. Some ammonites with black manganese staining. Remarkable similarities to Mediterranean and Himalayan ammonites. In N of Timor age- equivalent Norian ‘Fatu’ coral limestones (Both these U Triassic carbonate facies considered part of 'allochtonous' nappe complex by Wanner 1956 and others; HvG) Welter, O.A. (1915)- Die Ammoniten und Nautiliden der Ladinischen und Anisischen Trias von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaontologie von Timor 5, 10, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 71-136. (‘The ammonites and nautiloids from the Ladinian and Anisian Triassic of Timor’. Rich assemblage of Middle Triasic ammonites (>27 genera) from blocks of thin, reddish, bathyal Triassic cephalopod limestones called ‘Halstatt Facies’ from various Timor localities, collected by Wanner and Molengraaf 1909-1911 expeditions. Associated with white tuffs and ammonites commonly with black iron-manganese coating. Ammonite assemblages more 'Alpine' than 'Asian' in character)


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Welter, O.A. (1922)- Die Ammoniten der unteren Trias von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 11, 19, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 83-154. ('The ammonites from the Lower Triassic of Timor'. Monograph on Lower Triassic ammonites from various Timor localities, collected by Wanner and Molengraaf 1909-1911 expeditions. Oldest horizon is yellow limestone at Kapan with Meekoceras spp., etc. (overlying dark red Permian limestone), from blocks of 'Hallstatt facies' with tuffs, black manganese coating, etc. at Nifoekoko and other localities, from 'fatu limestone' near Lidak, etc.. Many similarities with Himalayan- Mediterranean Triassic faunas. No locality maps) Welter, O.A. (1922)- Nachtrag zu den obertriadischen Ammoniten von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaeontologie von Timor 11, 19, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 155-159. ('Supplement to the Upper Triassic ammonites from Timor'. Genus Amarassites first described from Timor now also found in Alps. Timor 'Bihati C' fauna has more Mediterranean than Asian elements) Wensink, H. & S. Hartosukohardjo (1990)- Paleomagnetism of younger volcanics from Western Timor, Indonesia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 100, 1-3, p. 94-107. (Eocene Metan volcanics from Mutis Massif formed at ~17°N, possibly on continental fragment that broke away from Gondwana in Mesozoic, shifted to SE Asia, broke away in Eocene and collided with Australia at ~3 Ma. Late Miocene obducted Manamas Fm of NW coast (=Oecussi volcanics?) pillow lavas and arc volcanics suggest paleolatitude of 8° and 45° counterclockwise rotation of Timor in last 3 My) Wensink, H. & S. Hartosukohardjo (1990)- The paleomagnetism of Late Permian- Early Triassic and Late Triassic deposits on Timor: an Australian origin? Geophys. J. Int. 101, p. 315-328. (Permian Maubisse Fm limestones paleolatitude 39° (average of two localities 37.7° and 43.2°), Late Triassic Aitutu radiolarian calcilutites 33°. Clockwise rotations of Permian (55°) and Triassic (25°) sediments) Wensink, H., S. Hartosukohardjo & K. Kool (1987)- Paleomagnetism of the Nakfunu Formation of Early Cretaceous age, western Timor, Indonesia. Geologie Mijnbouw 66, p. 89-99. (Early Cretaceous (Albian?) Nakfunu Fm bathyal red clays in S Central Timor Kolbano accretionary prism probable paleolatitude of ~20°, probably in S Hemisphere. Today at 10°S, but Australian NW Shelf was closer to 30-40° S at that time, so probably formed well N of Australian Shelf) Wichmann, A. (1882)- Gesteine von Timor I. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, Ser. 1, 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 1-71. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1882, Wetensch. Ged., p. 181-252) (‘Rocks from Timor- part 1’) Wichmann, A. (1884)- Gesteine von Timor II. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, Ser. 1, 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 71-124. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1884, Wetensch. Ged., p. 231-284) (‘Rocks from Timor- part 2’) Wichmann, A. (1887)- Gesteine von Timor III. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, Ser. 1, 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 125-172. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1887, Wetensch. Ged., p. 46-93) (‘Rocks from Timor- part 3’) Wichmann, A. (1887)- Gesteine von Pulu Samauw und Pulu Kambing. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, Ser. 1, 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 173-182. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1887, Wetensch. Ged., p. 94-103) (‘Rocks from Samauw and Kambing Islands’) Wichmann, A. (1887)- Gesteine von der Insel Kisser. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums Leiden, Ser. 1, 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 183-208. (‘Rocks from Kisar Island’) Wichmann, A. (1887)- Gesteine von der Insel Kisser. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost- Indie 1887, Wetensch. Ged. 3, p. 104-128. (‘Rocks from Kisar Island’, NE of Timor. Same as paper above)


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Wichmann, A. (1892)- Bericht uber eine im Jahre 1888-89 im Auftrag der Niederlandischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ausgefuhrte Reise nach dem Indischen Archipel, part 4, Timor. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. ser. 2, 9, p. 161-221. (Part 3 of Wichmann geographic narrative of 1888-1889 trip for Netherlands Geographic Society (Timor, Rotti Kambing and Samau). Mainly geographic descriptions, with some of earliest observations on Timor geology. First extensive collection of Permian- Jurassic fossils from Timor, Roti, described by Rothpletz 1891, 1892. Also report of crystalline schists from Lakan, which Wichmann believes to be part of belt of metamorphic rocks that continues to islands of Kisar, Leti, Babar, etc. to Buru (p. 217)) Wichmann, A. (1892)- Bericht uber eine im Jahre 1888-89 im Auftrag der Niederlandischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ausgefuhrte Reise nach dem Indischen Archipel, part 5. Rotti. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., ser. 2, 9, p. 222-276. (Final part of Wichmann geographic narrative of 1888-1889 trip for Netherlands Geographic Society (Rotti Kambing and Samau)) Wichmann, A. (1892)- Die Insel Rotti. Petermann’s Geogr. Mitteil. 1892, p. 97-103. ('The island Rotti'. Early geological observations of Roti island, W of Timor) Wichmann, A. (1892)- Over het voorkomen van Alpine Trias op Timor (volgens fossielen verzameld door H.F.C. ten Kate). Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 51, p. 446-447. ('On the occurrence of Alpine Triassic on Timor'. First report of Triassic Halobia mollusc limestone similar to species found in the Alps. In float from Halimea River or Mota Muruk, Timor, collected by Ten Kate) Winkler Prins, C.F. (2008)- Some spiriferid brachiopods from the Permian of Timor (Indonesia). In: G.R. Shi et al. (eds.) A memorial issue in honour of Professor Neil W. Archbold, Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 120, 1, p. 389400. (Study of Permian spiriferine brachiopods from Timor in Leiden collections resulted in revision of Spirifer timorensis Martin 1881 and Crassispirifer broilii Waterhouse 2004 and new species Latispirifer archboldorum. New genus Archboldiella based on aberrant species Spirifer basleoensis Hayasaka & Hosono 1951) Wittouck, S.F. (1937)- Exploration of Portuguese Timor: Report of Allied Mining Corporation to Asia Investment Company, Ltd., Asia Investment Company, Ltd., Kolff & Co.,Batavia, p. 1-107. Wittouck, S.F. (1938)- Exploration of Portuguese Timor. The Geographical J. 92, 4, p. 343-350. Yamagiwa, N. (1963)- Some Triassic corals from Portuguese Timor (Palaeontological study of Portuguese Timor, I). Mem. Osaka Univ., Lib. Arts Educ. Branch, Nat. Sci. Mem. 12, p. 83-87. (Short paper on Triassic corals collected in 1961 from Fatu Laculequi near Pualaca in C part of Timor Leste) Zaklinskaya, E.D. (1978)- Palynological information from Late Pliocene-Pleistocene deposits recovered by deep-sea drilling in the region of the island of Timor. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 26, p. 227-241. Zobell, E.A. (2007)- Origin and tectonic evolution of Gondwana sequence units accreted to the Banda Arc: a structural transect through Central East Timor. M.Sc. Thesis Brigham Young University, p. 1-83. (Online at http://contentdm.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1837.pdf) (Petrographic analyses of Permian- Jurassic ‘Gondwanan sequence’. Detrital zircons from ‘Asian’ Banda unit as young as 80 Ma, while youngest zircons from ‘Gondwana sequence’ ~234 Ma) Zobell, E.A. (2007)- New insights into the stratigraphic and structural evolution of the active Banda orogen. GSA Rocky Mountain Section, 59th Ann. Mtg, 2007, p. (Abstract only) (Banda arc-continent collision comprised of Australian passive margin cover sequences and portions of uplifted Banda forearc. Uplifted Banda forearc units indicate Asian affinity with maximum age of 80 Ma. Detrital zircons from sandstones of Australian continental margin sequences have peak ages at 237-353 Ma and 1788-


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1895 Ma. Provenance analysis of Triassic Australian-affinity greywacke consistent with proximal syn-rift intracratonic or recycled orogen source, probably from N. Structural measurements indicate N-NW to S-SE vergence direction and 30-40% shortening. Banda forearc is 200 km wide N of Savu, and completely over ridden by retro-wedge thrusting north of E Timor. Structural models constructed to test different geometries)


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VII.5. Timor Sea, Indonesian Sahul Platform Akutsu, T. (2009)- Abadi gas field, Masela PSC block, West Arafura Sea, Indonesia. SEAPEX Exploration Conference, Singapore 2009, p. Ambrose, G.J. (2004)- The ongoing search for oil in the Timor Sea, Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 3-22. Audley-Charles, M.G. (1966)- The age of the Timor Trough. Deep-Sea Res. 13, 4, p. 761-763. (Timor Trough persisted as deep water zone between Timor and Australia since Lower Eocene) Baillie, P.W., T.H. Fraser, R. Hall & K. Myers (2004)- Geological development of eastern Indonesia and the northern Australia collision zone: a review. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 539-550. (N margin Australia divergent margin over most of time. Continental fragments separated in E. Devonian (opening of Paleo-Tethys), late E Permian (opening of Meso-Tethys) and Late Triassic- Late Jurassic (opening of Ceno-Tethys ocean). Passive margin, facing open ocean since end-Jurassic) Barber, P.M., P.A. Carter, T.H. Fraser, P. Baillie & K. Myers (2003)- Palaeozoic and Mesozoic petroleum systems in the Timor and Arafura seas, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 485500. (On hydrocarbon prospectivity in Paleozoic- Mesozoic S of Babar- Tanimbar) Barber, P.M., P.A. Carter, T.H. Fraser, P. Baillie & K. Myers (2004)- Under-explored Palaeozoic and Mesozoic petroleum systems of the Timor and Arafura Seas, northern Australian continental margin. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium, Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Surv., p. 143-154. Brooks, D.M., A.K. Goody, J.B. O’Reilly & K.L. McCarty (1996)- Bayu/Undan gas-condensate discovery: western Timor gap zone of cooperation, Area A. APPEA J. 1996, p. 142-160. Brown, S. (1992)- The Mesozoic stratigraphy of the Timor Gap and its bearing on the hydrocarbon potential of Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 553-574. (Discussion of Timor Gap Mesozoic stratigraphy and comparisons to Eastern Indonesia islands stratigraphy. Not much detail) Ciftci, N.B. & L. Langhi (2012)- Evolution of the hourglass structures in the Laminaria High, Timor Sea: implications for hydrocarbon traps. J. Struct. Geol. 36, p. 55-70. (Hourglass structure is older horst block with superimposed younger graben. Bounding faults of horst and graben blocks separate conjugate fault systems formed by two episodes of extension: (1) Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and (2) M Miocene- Pliocene) Curry, J.S., J.M. Lorenzo & G.W. O Brien (2000)- Polarity of continent-island arc collision since Late Miocene; Timor Sea, N.W. Shelf, Australia. In: AAPG 2000 Ann. Meeting, Expanded Abstracts, p. 35. (Late Miocene-to-Recent collision of NW Australian shelf with Banda Island Arc results in downward flexing of Australian lithosphere toward arc. Vertical extent of normal faulting on shelf from SW of Timor to S of Tanimbar indicates collision began W of Timor in Late Miocene, progressed E during Pliocene, and continues eastward. Normal faults W of 124.5°E terminate vertically in Miocene section. Normal faults from 124.5°E to 125.5 °E terminate at Miocene-Pliocene boundary. from 125.5°E to 128°E, faults terminate in E Pliocene, from 128°E to 131°E terminate at or near sea floor) Darman, H. (2012)- Seismic expression of the Timor-Tanimbar Trough, Eastern Indonesia. Berita Sedimentologi 24 (in press) (online at: )


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Ellis, G. (2007)- Hydrocarbon entrapment in Triassic to Late Jurassic reservoirs in the Timor Sea, Australia- new insights. APEA J. 47, p. 37-51. (Oil-filled fluid inclusions at quartz overgrowth/ detrital quartz boundaries and in fractures cutting quartz grains used as evidence of paleo-oil columns in Triassic- Late Jurassic. Other indications of paleo-oil include sample fluorescence, elevated resistivity and reservoir diagenesis. Structures in Timor Sea have undergone more than one phase of oil entrapment and leakage, with each oil phase potentially from different oil source) George, S.C., M. Lisk, P.J. Eadington & R.A. Quezada (2002)- Evidence for an early, marine-sourced oil charge to the Bayu gas-condensate field, Timor Sea. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium 3; p. 465-474. (Oil inclusions in Bayu 1 Jurassic sandstones suggest paleo-oil column of at least 20 m below 46-53 m paleo-gas cap (currently 155 m gas column). FI oil from marine-influenced, less clay-rich source rock. FI oil maturity midoil window (Ro ~ 0.75%), condensate higher maturity (~ 0.9%). Compositions and maturity data consistent with early expulsion from marine organic matter in Echuca Shoals Fm, followed by expulsion of condensate from more terrestrial Elang/ Plover Fms) George, S.C., M. Lisk & P.J. Eadington (2004)- Fluid inclusion evidence for an early, marine-sourced oil charge prior to gas-condensate migration, Bayu-1, Timor Sea, Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, p. 1107-1128. Hardjono, W. Satoto & R. Gunawan (1996)- New concept for hydrocarbon exploration in the "Zone C" Timor Gap and surroundings, Timor Sea Indonesia. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 346-384. Harrowfield, M., J. Cunneen, M. Keep & W. Crowe (2003)- Early-stage orogenesis in the Timor Sea region, NW Australia. J. Geol. Soc. London 160, p. 991-1001. (Neogene collision between Australian, Eurasia and Pacific plates coeval with growth of depocentres in Timor Sea. Distortion of pre-tectonic (Aptian- Oligo-Miocene) sequences indicates trough subsidence coupled to uplift of outboard highs, amplifying basement topography and no structural inversion. At shallow levels, normal faulting accommodated flexure. Shortening of NW Shelf accommodated oblique convergence between Australia and Banda arc and transcurrent component of this deformation was partitioned outboard. No detailed timing) Honda, H., H. Kobayashi, T. Ando, K. Kihara & H.M. Banjarnahor (2006)- History of the Timor Through, West Arafura Sea and movement of the Australian Plate. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-PG-15, 6p. (Extended Abstract) Hughes, B.D., K. Baxter, R.A. Clark, & D.B. Snyder (1996)- Detailed processing of seismic reflection data from the frontal part of the Timor Trough accretionary wedge, eastern Indonesia. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 75-83. Kihara, K., R. Feraldo, K. Chalik, T. Naito & N. Morita (2012)- Paleozoic to Mesozoic tectonostratigraphy of the Abadi gas feld, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-057, p. 1-12. (Abadi area of Timor Sea tectonostratigraphic elements oriented NNW-SSE in Paleozoic, NNE-SSW in Upper Triassic- Jurassic and NE-SW in Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous. Main sediment supply in Triassic-Jurassic from N of Abadi field, with major turnover of direction E Cretaceous due to continental breakup. U Triassic- Jurassic syn-rift sequences in rift basins with NE-SW trend (Malita Graben to SW) or NNE-SSW trend (Calder Graben)) Kihara, K., H. Nagura & H. Honda (2007)- Jurassic coastal to shallow marine sandstone reservoir in present deep water; an example from the Abadi gas field, Indonesia. In: Exploration and exploitation in deep water, Sekiyu Gijutsu Kyokaishi ( J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn.) 72, 1, p. 65-75. (Coastal to shallow-water Plover Fm sandstone in Abadi gas-field reservoir now in deep water. Plover Fm M Jurassic (partly lowermost U Jurassic), subdivided into upper and lower sandstones by Bathonian MFS. Upper unit main reservoir. Plover Fm two remarkable, rapid deepening events in Late Cretaceous (thick, muddy deltaic succession) and Pleistocene (deepening of Timor Trough))


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MacDaniel, R.P. (1988)- The geological evolution and hydrocarbon potential of the western Timor Sea region. APEA J. 28, p. 270-284. Mantle, D. (2006)- Palynology, sequence stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of Middle to Late Jurassic strata, Bayu-Undan Field, Timor Sea region. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Queensland, 210 p. (Palynoly of U Plover, Elang, and lower Frigate Fms in Bayu-Undan Field, Timor Sea. Palynostratigraphic sequence previously assessed as latest Bathonian- E Oxfordian. Dinoflagellate acme events coincident with marine flooding surfaces and enable precise correlation across field. Elang Fm three third order sequences) Mantle, D.J. (2009)- Palynology, sequence stratigraphy, and palaeoenvironments of Middle to Upper Jurassic strata, Bayu-Undan Field, Timor Sea region, Part Two. Palaeontographica B280, 4-6, 126 p. Matsui, R., E. Shinbo, M. Omokawa &T. Zushi (2009)- Quartz cementation and reservoir quality of the Plover Sandstone in the Abadi gas field. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-157, 10 p. (Quartz overgrowths main cause for porosity and permeability reduction of M Jurassic Plover Fm sandstones in Abadi Field. Best porosities between 15-20%) Matsuura, S. (2009)- Rock physics modeling optimizing well log and core data for the Abadi gas field. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-028, 14p. (Rock physics of Abadi 2000 gas discovery in M Jurassic Plover Sst. Seven wells by 2008) Matsuura, S., S. Saito, Y. Ishii, H. Honda, A. Kato & T. Yagi (2005)- Seismic reservoir characterization of the Abadi gas field, Masela PSC Block, West Arafura Sea, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 505-514. (Seismic inversion work on 2000 Abadi gas discovery. Deltaic to shallow marine Plover Fm sandstone primary reservoir. Seismic inversion provides high resolution lithological contrasts that correspond to stratigraphic boundaries. Reserve estimates and uncertainty repeatedly updated) McLennan, J.M., J.S. Rasidi, R.L. Holmes & G.C. Smith (1990)- The geology and petroleum potential of the western Arafura Sea. APEA J. 30, 1, p. 91-196. (N Bonaparte basin and Arafura- Money Shoals basins) Nagura, H., I. Suzuki, T. Teromato, Y. Hayashi, T. Yoshida, H.M. Bandjarnahor, K. Kihara, T. Swiecicki & R.Bird (2003)- The Abadi gas field. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 451-466. (Gas field in Jurassic ‘Plover Fm’ sandstone reservoirs in Indonesian part of Timor Sea) O’Brien, G.W. (1993)- Some ideas on the rifting history of the Timor Sea from the integration of deep crustal seismic and other data. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia (PESA) J. 21, p. 95-113. PT Robertson Utama Indonesia (1998)- Timor Sea: Mesozoic source rock distribution and palaeoenvironments. Unpublished multiclient study, p. Rogl, F. (1974)- The evolution of the Globorotalia truncatulinoides and Globorotalia crassaformis group in the Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Timor Trough, DSDP Leg 27, Site 262. In: J.J. Veevers et al. (eds.) Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drill. Proj. 27, p. 769-771. Seggie, R.J., R.B. Ainsworth, D.A. Johnson, J.P.M. Koninx et al. (2000)- Awakening of a sleeping giant: Sunrise- Troubadour gas-condensate field. APPEA J. 2000, p. 417-434. (Large gas field in Jurassic sandstones in ZOCA, Timor Leste- Australia joint operating zone) Seggie, R.J., R.B. Ainsworth, D.A. Johnson, J.P.M. Koninx et al. (2003)-The Sunrise-Troubadour gas-condensate fields, Timor Sea, Australasia. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Giant oil and gas fields of the decade 1990-1999, AAPG Mem. 78, p. 189-209.


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(Sunrise/Troubadour Field 8-20 Tcf of gas in 80 m M Jurassic sandstones in fault-bounded structural closure with 180m of relief. Sandstones VF-C quartzarenites- sublitharenites, in brackish- open marine shales. Upward increase in marine influence. Two main reservoirs forced regressive delta-front to shoreface sheet sand complex and incised valley system. Faulting mostly Pleistocene, producing closure and recent entrapment. Mature (1.31.4% Vr) M Jurassic marine kerogen source. Pressure analysis indicates tilted contact and dynamic aquifer) Sekiguchi, W., K. Matsui, T. Juhatta & D. Rahmalia (2011)- Seismic attributes correlated with drilling difficulties in Tertiary carbonate, Abadi Field, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-186, 16p. Sitompul, N., S. Wijarto & J. Purnomo (1993)- Tectonic evolution of frontier Indonesian Timor Sea. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 92-102. Sjahbuddin, E. & B. Puspoputro (1993)- Hydrocarbon source rock potential in the Timor Gap zone of cooperation and surrounding Area. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 759-769. Smith, G.C., L.A. Tilbury, A. Chatfield, P. Senycia & N. Thompson (1996)- Laminaria- a new Timor Sea discovery. APPEA J. 36, p. 12-28. Takayama K., K. Kihara & T. Zushi (2009)- Integrated geological modeling and volumetric uncertainty evaluation for the Abadi gas field. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-156, 10 p. (3D geological model of Jurassic Upper Plover Fm in Abadi Field) Veevers, J.J. (1974)- Sedimentary sequences of the Timor Trough, Timor and the Sahul Shelf. Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Project 27, p. 567-568. Veevers, J.J., D.A. Falvey & S. Robins (1978)- Timor Trough and Australia: facies show topographic wave migrated 80 km during the past 3 m.y.. Tectonophysics 45, p. 217-227. Warris, B.J. (1973)- Plate tectonics and the evolution of the Timor Sea. APEA J. 13, p. 13-18. Zushi, T., S. Takano & I. Suzuki (2009)- Reservoir architecture of the Abadi Field. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-027, 12p. (Abadi field 2000 gas discovery with >200m column in M Jurassic Plover Fm sandstone, unconformably overlain by Valanginian- Hauterivian marine claystone. Reservoir facies mainly coarsening-upward sand packages. Progradation direction W to E)


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VIII. NEW GUINEA VIII.1. New Guinea General and W Papua (Irian Jaya) Adisaputra, M.K. (2000)- Umur batugamping Waripi dan Yawee di Wamena dan Formasi Faumai dan Ainod di Timika, Papua, berdasarkan foraminifera besar. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 10, 108, p. 1- . ('Age of the Waripi and Yawee limestone in Wamena and the Faumai and Ainod Formations in Timika, Papua, based on larger foraminifera') Ajam, S.O., L A. Henzell, J. Wang, A. Syarif & H. Soedirja H (1982)- Well-site log evaluation of the Miocene carbonates in Salawati Basin. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 357-378. (Mainly log analysis methodology) Akhmad, F. (2002)- Stratigraphy and structural analysis in the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) mining district, Irian Jaya. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 335-343. (Analysis of fractures suggests NE-SW shortening, NW-SE extension) Allen, J.M., G.J. Artmont & K. Palmer (1995)- Application of alluvial gold mineralogy to exploration of the Central Ranges, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc. PACRIM '95 Conf., Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Melbourne, p. 7-12 Allison, I. (1975)- Morphology and dynamics of the tropical glaciers of Irian Jaya. Zeitschr. Gletscherkunde Glazialgeologie 10, 1-2, p. 129-152. Allison, I. & J.A. Peterson (1989)- Glaciers of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: Glaciers of Irian Jaya, Indonesia, and New Zealand, USGS Prof. Paper 1386-H, 48 p. (Online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386h/indonesia/indonesia.html) Amiruddin (1998)- Proterozoic- Cenozoic lithology sequence of the Central Range, Irian Jaya. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. (Bandung), 8, 79, p. 10-24. Amiruddin (1998)- Geologi dan geokimia kerabat granit Anggi Permo-Trias di Blok Kemum, Kepala Burung, Irian Jaya. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. (Bandung), 8, 83, p. ('Geology and geochemistry of the Permo-Triassic Anggi granite in the Kemum Block, Birds Head, Irian Jaya') Amiruddin (1999)- Characteristics of allochronous and autochronous suites with relation to the possibility of tin mineralization in Birds Head Region, Irian Jaya. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 121-130. Amri, C., B.H. Harahap, P.E. Pieters & G.M. Bladon (1990)- Geology of the Sorong Sheet area, Irian Jaya. 1:250,000. Map and brochure. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 70 p. Anonymous (1920)- Verslag van de militaire exploratie van Nederlandsch Nieuw Guinee 1907-1915. Departement van Oorlog in Nederl. Indie, Landsdrukkerij, Weltevreden, 440p. (Book summarizing general reconnaissance expeditions by Netherlands Indies military into various parts of the then unexplored territories of W Papua, including observations on geology) Anshori, R., E.V. Yudhanto, D. Pasaribu, M.S. Wulansari et al. (2010)- Tertiary petroleum system elements overview in the Onin Peninsula, Papua. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-036, 11p. (Outcrop traverse of Onin Peninsula. Two types of E Oligocene- M Miocene limestone: (1) well-bedded argillaceous globigerinid limestones and thin marls (Onin Lst) in S and (2) karst limestone (Ogar Lst) in N. Thickness of Oligocene shale exposed in center and North >5 m, but poor source rock) Archbold, N.W. (1981)- Permian brachiopods from western Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 2, p. 1-25. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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(Early Permian (Latest Artinskian- early Kungurian) brachiopods in Aifat Fm in Taminabuam area, Birds Head. Assemblage similar to age-equivalent faunas in Thailand) Archbold, N.W. (1981)- Quinquenella magnifica sp. nov. (Chonetidina, Brachiopoda) from the Permian of Irian Jaya, Indonesia: a study of the ontogeny of a chonetid brachiopod. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 2, p. 2, 27-34. Archbold, N.W. (1981)- New Permian trilobite from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 2, p. 35-41. (New species of Early Permian trilobite) Archbold, N.W. (1991)- Late Paleozoic brachiopod faunas from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: D.I. McKinnon, D.E. Lee & J.D. Campbell (eds.) Brachiopods through time. Proc. Second Int. Brachiopod Congress, Dunedin 1990, Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 347-353. (M Carboniferous- Permian brachiopods from Aifam- Aifat Formations of Birds Head) Archbold, N.W. (1991)- Early Permian brachiopoda from Irian Jaya. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 12, p. 287296. Archbold, N.W., C.J. Pigram, N. Ratman & S. Hakim (1982)- Indonesian Permian brachiopod fauna and Gondwana-South-East Asia relationships. Nature 296, p. 556-558. (First description of late E Permian articulate brachiopods in Birds Head. Assemblage similar to Thailand Rat Buri Limestone, suggesting geographical proximity of Thailand and Irian Jaya in E Permian) Archbold, R., A.L. Rand & L.J. Brass (1942)- Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 41. Summary of the 1938/1939 New Guinea expedition. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 79, 3, p. 197-288. (Report on geographic-biological expedition to Central Range of West Papua. First westerners to visit Baliem valley. Little or no geology) Atmawinata, S., A.S. Hakim & P.E. Pieters (1989)- Geology of the Ransiki Sheet Area, Irian Jaya, Explanatory Notes and Geological Map, 1:250,000 Scale, Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, Atmawinata, S. & N. Ratman (1982)- Struktur geologi Pulau Yapen dan hubunganya dengan Lajur sesar Sorong. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 1-6. ('Geological structure of Yapen Island and its relation with the Sorong fault') Atmawinata, S., N. Ratman & P.E. Pieters (1989)- Geology of the Yapen Sheet Area, Irian Jaya, Explanatory Notes and Geological Map, 1:250,000 Scale, Yapen Sheet, Quadrangles 3114 and 3214, Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, 33 p. Audley-Charles, M.G. (1991)- Tectonics of the New Guinea Area. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 19, p. 17-41. (Review of New Guinea tectonic/ geology with little or no new data) Audretsch, F.C. d’, R.B. Kluiving, & W. Oudemans (1965)- Economic geological investigation of the N.E. Vogelkop (New Guinea). Verhand. Kon. Ned. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 23, 151p. (NE Birds Head geological survey) Axelrod, D.I. & P.H. Raven (1982)- Paleobiogeography and origin of the New Guinea flora. In: J.L. Gressitt (ed.) Biogeography and ecology of New Guinea, Junk, The Hague, p. 919-941. Bachri, S. & Surono (2002)- Identification of the active Rombebai fault zone, Papua (Irian Jaya) and its sedimentological aspects. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 22, p. 41- 48. (Left-lateral Rombebai Fault zone is onshore continuation of E-W trending Yapen fault zone)


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Bachri, S., Surono & S.S. Bawono (1997)- A Pliocene deltaic- tidal flat succession of the Kurudu Formation in Irian Jaya, Eastern Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (J. Geol. Min.. Res., GRDC) 68, 7, p. 11-20. (Outcrop? Study on Kurudu Island, off NW New Guinea mainland coast) Bailey, S.W., J.F. Banfield, W.W. Barker & G. Katchan (1995)- Dozyite, a 1:1 regular interstratification of serpentine and chlorite. American Mineralogist 80. p. 65-77. (Dozyite new mineral involving interstratification of serpentine and chlorite units. Occurs as colorless crystals in altered skarn adjacent to Ertsberg East copper-gold mine in W Papua. Named after J.J. Dozy, Dutch Shell geologist who discovered and named Ertsberg ore province in 1936) Bailly, V., M. Pubellier & J.C. Ringenbach (2008)- Structure of the Lengguru fold-and-thrust belt, New Guinea island: consequence of rapid kinematic changes. Abstracts 33rd Int. Geol. Congress, Oslo 2008 (Abstract only) (Main structures of Lengguru Foldbelt controlled by Late Miocene- E Pliocene NE-SW compression against ophiolitic or arc backstop. Thin-skinned thrusting of Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments over previously structured basement followed by thick-skinned thrusting. Late Pliocene-Quaternary deformation (still active) is extensional with exhumation of Wandamen Metamorphic Complex in internal zone and NE-SW collapses along high-angle normal faults (Triton Bay) cross-cutting folds in external zone. Structuring of LFTB over short time; NE-SW compression in Late Miocene-E Pliocene and Late Pliocene-Quaternary extension in whole range) Bailly, V., M. Pubellier, J.C. Ringenbach, J. de Sigoyer & F. Sapin (2009)- Deformation zone ‘jumps’ in a young convergent setting; the Lengguru fold-and-thrust belt, New Guinea Island. Lithos 113, p. 306-317. (Lengguru foldbelt young orogen. Shortening ceased recently and now under extension. Two superimposed prisms of stacked Mesozoic marine sediments of Australian margin against crustal buttress, formed after 11 Ma. Internal part of Lengguru fold belt active E-W extension, coeval with transition from compressive to transtensional regime in C Range, and onset of Tarera-Aiduna and Paniai left-lateral faults. Late Miocene NESW compression linked to subduction. Evolution of belt reflects rapid changes in accommodation of oblique shortening, with isolated orogenic wedge of Lengguru fold-and-thrust belt left to collapse. At lithospheric scale, deformation remains rooted at suture zone, but at surface shortening spread over large area in short time span prior to being transferred to other plate boundary) Bailly, V., J. de Sigoyer, M. Pubellier & J.C. Ringenbach (2011)- The Bird's Neck: new data, new interpretation. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA11-G-229, 7p. (Lengguru foldbelt formed by Late Miocene- E Pliocene NE-SW compression linked to subduction, followed by Late Pliocene- Quaternary extension in whole range and exhumation of high pressure metamorphic rocks. Last stage linked to deformation zone jump to S onto Seram wedge. Wandamen Peninsula metamorphics new high P and T estimates (S1 high P schistosity ~12 kbar, 600°C, followed by S2 N-S stretching at 6-8 kbar, 680- 730°C). Zircon metamorphic rims in samples characterized by high P paragenesis ages of ~8-7 Ma, zircon ages from more retrogressed samples ~ 5- 6 Ma. Zircon cores ages of 388±27 Ma, 636±32, 736±30 Ma and 1484±49 Ma) Baker, G. (1955)- Basement complex in the Cycloop Ranges-Sentani Lake region of Dutch New Guinea. Part 1. Distribution, nature and chemical composition. Nova Guinea 6, 2, p. 307-328. (Cyclops Ranges of N New Guinea metamorphic rocks with dominant amphibole mineral actinoliteglaucophane. Intrusive rocks serpentinites (derived from harzburgite and dunite), gabbro, tholeiitic dolerite) Baker, G. (1956)- Basement complex in the Cycloop Ranges-Sentani Lake region of Dutch New Guinea. Part II: Opaque minerals in the basement complex rocks. Nova Guinea 7, 1, p. 15-31. Baker, G. (1956)- Basement complex in the Cycloop Ranges-Sentani Lake region of Dutch New Guinea. Part III: Comparisons, suggested origin and formational history of the basement complex rocks. Nova Guinea 7, 1, p. 31-39. Baldwin, S.L., P. G. Fitzgerald & L.E. Webb (2012)- Tectonics of the New Guinea Region. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 40, p. 495-520.


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(New Guinea region evolved in obliquely converging Australian-Pacific plate boundary zone, with microplate formation and rotation, lithospheric rupture to form ocean basins, arc-continent collision, subduction polarity reversal, collisional orogenesis, ophiolite obduction and exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks) Baline, L.M. (2007)- Hydrothermal fluids and Cu-Au mineralization of the Deep Grasberg porphyry deposit, Papua, Indonesia. Master's Thesis University of Texas, Austin, 269 p. (Deep Grasberg is deepest explored part of Grasberg Igneous Complex (GIC) at elevations between 2450-3050 m ( >1100 m below pre-mining surface). Copper-gold deposit hosted by three quartz-monzonite to diorite units, emplaced at ~3 Ma) Bar, C.B., H.J. Cortel & A.E. Escher (1961)- Geological results of the Star Mountains (Sterrengebergte) expedition (Central Range, Netherlands New Guinea). Nova Guinea (Geology) 4, p. 39-99. (Central Range characterized by block faulting rather than folding, is bordered to N by intensely folded metamorphic complex and toS by a relatively stable zone. Basic igneous intrusive and extrusive rocks overlain by hard, silicified fine-grained probably lower Paleozoic clastics, Mesozoic Bon and Kembelangan Fms, and thick Upper Tertiary deposits) Bar, C.B. & K.A. Rijsterborgh (1958)- Geological survey of the East Digoel hinterland. NNGPM Geol. Report 441, p. . (One of many unpublished Netherlands New Guinea Petroleum Maatschappij reports) Bartstra, G.J. (ed.) (1998)- Bird's Head approaches. Modern Quat. Res. SE Asia 15, Balkema, Rotterdam, 258 p. (Symposium volume with geologic overviews of Birds Head, followed by archeology papers) Beets, C. (1986)- Neogene Mollusca from the Vogelkop (Bird's Head Peninsula), West Irian, New Guinea. Scripta Geol. 82, p. 101-134. (online at: www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148746) (Description of molluscs collected by BPM in Klasaman Fm of West Birds Head in 1930. later to be dated as 'Late Miocene- Plio-Pleistocene' on basis of foraminifera by NNGPM. 35 species identified. Age determination difficult. Some species belong to genera whose living species are restricted to Australian waters) Belford, D.J. (1974)- Foraminifera from the Ilaga valley, Nassau Range, Irian Jaya. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 150, p. 1-26. (Foraminifera from rocks collected by Dow on way to Carstensz peak include Late Eocene (Discocyclina, Nummulites, Lacazinella, etc.), Late Oligocene and E-M Miocene larger forams from Carstensz limestone and Late Oligocene N3 planktonics from marly interbeds) Belford, D.J. (1989)- Early Eocene planktonic foraminifera, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 5, p. 22-49. (Description of rich Early Eocene zone P9 planktonic foram fauna from deep water calcareous siltstones in Lengguru foldbelt, Birds Neck, W Papua) Bemelmans J L H (1956)- Uebersicht der Ergebnisse der II. geologischen Expedition der Technischen Hochschule nach Niederlandisch Neu Guinea in 1953. Nova Guinea, n.s.. 7, 2, p. 147-152. ('Overview of the results of the second geologic expedition of Delft Technical University to Netherlands New Guinea in 1953'. Investigated economically unimportant Plio-Pleistocene lignite bed S of Sorong and possible ore deposits in granite contact zones of Anggi lake and Ransiki regions. Evidence of pegmatitic- pneumatolytic processes, but no economically significant ore deposits found) Bertoni, C. & J.A. García (2012)- Interplay between submarine depositional processes and recent tectonics in the Biak Basin, Western Papua, Eastern Indonesia. Berita Sediment. 23, p. 42-46. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/) (Bathymetry and seismic data suggest offshore Biak Basin, between Biak and Yapen Islands, is transtensional pull-apart basin. Deposition along basin margins is strongly influenced by young, active faulting)


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Biantoro, E. & A. Luthfi (1999)- The pre-collision basin configuration in Bintuni area, Irian Jaya: an alternative idea of hydrocarbon potential in Pre-Tertiary sediments. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 17-32. Bijlmer, H.J.T. (1938)- De Mimika-expeditie 1935-1936 naar centraal Nieuw Guinea. Tijdschrift Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen (2) LIV, p. 240-260. (Summary of mostly anthropological Mimika Expedition to W part Central Range of West Papua) Bladon, G.M. (1988)- Catalogue, appraisal and significance of K-Ar isotopic ages determined for igneous and metamorphic rocks in Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Prelim Geol. Report., p. (Unpublished) (2.2-2.9 Ma intrusions in Birds Head, Enarotali, Waghete, etc., areas; Pigram & Sukanto 1989) Boehm, G. (1913)- Unteres Callovien und Coronaten-Schichten zwischen MacCluer Golf und Geelvink-Bai. Nova Guinea 6, Geologie, Brill, Leiden, 1, p. 1-20. (‘Lower Callovian and Coronatus beds between MacCluer Gulf (Bintuni Bay) and Geelvink (=Cenderawasih) Bay’). (M Jurassic- Callovian and ‘Coronatus bed’ (= Bajocian in Germany) ammonites collected from Upper Aramasa River, S of Bintuni Bay, and by Wichmann from Mamapiri and Papararo rivers in Wendesi area on W side Cenderawasih Bay. Most common species Macrocephalites keeuwensis and Phylloceras mamapiricum) Boro, H. & B. Sapiie (2003)- Structural geology of Ertsberg intrusion and its relationship to Papua foldbelt in the Guning Bijih mining district, Papua. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-12. (Two deformation events around Ertsberg mine: (1) Mio-Pliocene NW trending foldbelt, (2) Pliocene leftlateral strike-slip deformation, with emplacement of Ertsberg Intrusion) Boureau, E. & W.J. Jongmans (1955)- Novoguineoxylon lacunosum n.gen., n.sp., bois fossile de la NouvelleGuinee hollandaise. Rev. Gen. Botanique 62, p. 720-734. (New wood species supposedly Jurasssic age, but more likely Permian according to Bamford & Philippe 2001) Brash, R.W., L.F. Henage, B.H. Harahap, D.T. Moffat & R.W. Tauer (1991)- Stratigraphy and depositional history of the New Guinea limestone group, Lengguru, Irian Jaya. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 67-84. (Mobil field program in Lengguru Foldbelt. Extensive Paleocene-Miocene carbonate platform, 1000-1600m thick. 6-7 zones distinguished. In most places Early Oligocene unconformable over M Eocene. After Rupelian erosion carbonate deposition resumed by latest E Oligocene with Sirga Fm deposition.) Broili, F. (1924)- Zur Geologie des Vogelkop (N.W. Neu-Guinea). Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Oost-Indie, Wetensch. Meded. 1, p. 1-15. ('On the geology of the Birds Head (NW New Guinea'. Early paper on Birds Head geology, recognizing young Paleozoic with brachiopods, Late Jurassic with belemnites and molluscs, etc. Good cross-section) Brouwer, H.A. (1924)- Bijdrage tot de geologie der Radja Ampat eilanden-groep (Waigeoe, Salawati, etc.). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost Indie, Verhand. 52 (1923), p. 63-136. (‘Contribution to the geology of the Raja Ampat islands’. Early paper on geology of Waigeo, N Salawati, Pulau Snapan, Batang Pale and Jen islands) Bulman, O.M.B. (1964)- Lower Palaeozoic plankton. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London 120, p. 455-476. (Includes record of Late Silurian graptolite species Monograptus turriculatus from Kemum Fm of North Central Birds Head, collected by NNGPM geologists) Carne, J.E. (1913)- Notes on the occurrence of coal, petroleum and copper in Papua. Dept. of External Affairs, Bull. 1, Melbourne, p. (Early paper discussing presence of oil seeps, including at 'Dutch New Guinea' North coast and near Fak-Fak)


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Casarta, L.J., J.P. Salo, S. Tisnawidjaja & S.T. Sampurno (2004)- Wiriagar Deep: the frontier discovery that triggered Tangguh LNG. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 137-157. (Wiriagar Deep-1 first commercial pre-Tertiary gas discovery in Indonesia (1994). Five subsequent gas discoveries combined in Tangguh LNG Project, with reserve potential of 24 TCF. Two main M Jurassic reservoir horizons, sourced from Late Permian coals. Unconformity between Late Permian- Jurassic, with Triassic sediments generally absent or thin redbeds. Jurassic sands shallow marine in transgressive systems tract, onlapping ‘Permo-Triassic Rift Unconformity’ in N direction. Cretaceous uplift, Late Cretaceous subsidence, Oligocene early compression phase, Miocene NW-SE trending anticline formation. Late MiocenePleistocene Bintuni Basin foreland creation lead to maturation) Challinor, A.B. (1989)- Early Cretaceous belemnites from the central Bird's Head, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 5, p. 1-21. (Description of belemnites from central Birds Head collected icby Skwarko from Jass Fm calcareous mudstone and sandstone, assigned Hauterivian age) Charlton, T.R. (1991)- Evolution of the Sorong Fault Zone, Northeast Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 75, 3, p. 75. (Abstract only) (Sorong FZ zone of left-lateral shear at triple junction of three plates, with fragments of New Guinea margin detached and translated W until collision with E margin of Eurasia in Sulawesi. Recent investigations suggest less mobilist interpretation. Closest inter-island geological correlations are between geographically closest islands (e.g. Banggai-Sula-S Obi; N Obi-Bacan; W Halmahera-E Halmahera-Waigeo; Misool-Buru-Seram), favoring more conservative reconstructions. Although arc-continent collision started in New Guinea in M Oligocene and slightly later in Sulawesi, SFZ did not develop before Late Miocene) Charlton, T.R. (1996)- Correlation of the Salawati and Tomori basins, eastern Indonesia: a constraint on leftlateral displacements of the Sorong fault zone. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 465- 481. (Birds Head Salawati Basin and E Sulawesi Tomori Basin similar Mesozoic-Tertiary stratigraphies and may have formed one single basin prior to the development of the Sorong Fault Zone) Charlton, T.R. (1998)- Yapen island: a right-lateral paradox in the left-lateral ‘North New Guinea megashear’: implications for the biogeography and geological development of the Bird's Head, Irian Jaya. In: J. Miedema et al. (eds.) Perspectives on the Bird's Head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia, Editions Rodopi, Amsterdam, p. 783-796. (Early movement along Yapen Fault Zone (M-L Miocene- E Pliocene); left lateral, since later E Pliocene. Proposes Pliocene anticlockwise rotation of Birds head as mechanism for opening of Cenderawasih Bay) Charlton, T.R. (2000)- Late Cretaceous evolution of the Bird’s Head, Irian Jaya: a failed rift ? AAPG Int. Conf., Bali 2000 (Abstract) (Late Cretaceous Jass Megasequence bathyal succession with local volcanics varies in thickness and developed above Intra-Cretaceous unconformity. Sediments above unconformity onlap onto structural high near Kalitami1, C Bintuni Basin. Late Cretaceous Birds Head was site of N-S extension, probably related to separation of continental terrane from N of E Irian Jaya/PNG. Extension started in ~Turonian and continental margin terrane separated from Greater Australia in Maastrichtian. By end-Cretaceous C and S Bird's Head formed subsiding block-faulted terrane, with emergent Kemum block high to N. Oligocene initiation of arc-continent collision produced structures in Mesozoic section and structural ridges on which Miocene Kais reefs nucleated) Charlton, T.R. (2010)- The Pliocene-Recent anticlockwise rotation of The Bird's Head, the opening of the Aru Trough- Cendrawasih Bay sphenochasm, and the closure of the Banda double arc. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-008, 18p. Chevallier, B. & M.L. Bordenave (1986)- Contribution of geochemistry to the exploration in the Bintuni Basin. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1986-1, p. 439-460.


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(Late Tertiary clastics and carbonates in Bintnui Basin marginal source potential and mostly immature. Oils from Wasian, Mogoi, Wiriagar thermally mature. Mogoi and Wasian oils may be sourced by Permian Aifat Fm, Wiriagar oil from M Jurassic) Cloos, M. (1997)- Anatomy of a mine: the discovery and development of Grasberg. Geotimes Jan. 1997, p. 1620. Cloos, M. (1997)- Geology and the Grasberg: a model for joint industry and academic research. Geotimes, Sept. 1997, p. 19-22. Cloos, M. & T.B. Housh (2008)- Collisional delamination in New Guinea: implications for porphyry-type CuAu ore formation. In: J.E. Spencer & S.R. Titley (eds.) Ores and orogenesis: Circum-Pacific tectonics, geologic evolution and ore deposits, Arizona Geol. Soc. Digest 22, p. 235-244. Cloos, M., B. Sapiie, A. Quarles van Ufford, R.J. Weiland, P.Q. Warren & T.P. McMahon (2005)- Collisional delamination in New Guinea: the geotectonics of subducting slab breakoff. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper 400, 51p. (Central Range began to form when Australian passive margin entered N-dipping subduction zone in M Miocene, 15-12 Ma. Jamming of subduction zone at ~8 Ma initiated thick-skinned deformation (Mapenduma anticline basement-involved block). Magma generation between 7.5-3 Ma. Contractional deformation in W Highlands ends at ~4 Ma. Rupturing of subducting lithosphere caused short-lived magmatic event and up to 2.5 km of vertical uplift, starting at ~8 Ma and propagating from W to E at ~150 km/ My) Cockcroft, P. J., Gamber, D.A. & H.M. Hermawan (1984)- Fracture detection in the Salawati basin of Irian Jaya, Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon.Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 125-151. (Wireline logging responses in fractured carbonate reservoirs of Salawati Basin) Colijn, A.H. (1939)- Naar de eeuwige sneeuw van tropisch Nederland. Scheltens & Giltay, Amsterdam, 286p. (Travel book on first succesful expedition to climb the snow-capped Carstensz peaks in Nieuw Guinea, with geologist Dozy discovering world-class Ertsberg porphyry copper deposit en route to the top) Collins, J.L. & M.K. Qureshi (1977)- Reef exploration in the Bintuni Basin and Bomberai Trough. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1977-2, p. 43-67. (Bintuni Basin over 22,000' of Tertiary marine carbonates and shales. In SUN contract blocks E Tertiary broad carbonate platform over most of Bomberai Peninsula. Basinal pelagic limestones E of platform. End Oligocene downwarp of platform margin resulted in W-ward migration of basin and transgression by Klasafet shales and marls. Further subsidence in Plio-Pleistocene time, with deposition of thick shallow marine clastics. Portion of platform likely area for pinnacle reefs development) Courteney, S., P. Cockcroft, R.S.K. Phoa & A.W.R. Wight (1989)- Indonesia-Oil and Gas Fields Atlas, VI, Eastern Indonesia. Pertamina, p. Coutts, B P. H. Susanto, N. Belluz, D. Flint & A.C. Edwards (1999)- Geology of the Deep Ore Zone, Ertsberg East Skarn System (EESS), Irian Jaya. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 181-202. Coutts, B P. H. Susanto, N. Belluz, D. Flint & A.C. Edwards (1999)- Geology of the Deep Ore Zone, Ertsberg East Skarn System, Irian Jaya. In: G. Weber (ed.) Proc. PACRIM '99 Congress, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Parkville, 4-99, p. 539-547. (Deep Ore Zone in Tertiary Waripi and Faumai Fms carbonates in lower portion of Ertsberg East Skarn System. Ertsberg Mining District underlain by folded Jurassic-Tertiary siliclastic-carbonate formations. Intrusion of igneous bodies post-dates folding and faulting. Formation of skarn system by contact metamorphism during intrusion of Ertsberg Diorite)


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Crespin, I. (1961)- Foraminiferal rocks from the Nassau Range, Netherlands New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Record 1961/104, p. (unpublished) (Micropaleontology of rocks collected by Dow in Central Range. Several localities of Eocene limestone with larger forams incl. Lacazinella. Meleri River sample near Tiom E Miocene limestone with reworked ‘AsianPacific’ Eocene Pellatispira-Biplanispira. Marls from Ilaga valley with E Miocene planktonic forams) Crick, R.E. & A.I. Quarles van Ufford (1995)- Late Ordovician (Caradoc-Ashgill) ellesmerocerid Bactroceras latisiphonatum of Irian Jaya and Australia. Alcheringa 19, 3, p. 235-241. (Ordovician nautiloid originally described as Irianoceras antiquum Kobayashi 1971 from Irian Jaya is synonym of Bactroceras latisiphonatum Glenister, described from New South Wales, Australia. New material extends geographic range and documents presence of U Caradoc- Lower Ashgill strata in Irian Jaya) Dam, R.A.C. (1998)- Cenozoic geological development and environmental settings of the Bird’s Head of Irian Jaya. In: J. Miedema et al. (eds.) Perspectives on the Bird’s Head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc. Conf., Leiden October 1997, Editions Rodopi, Amsterdam, p.757-781. (Mainly literature review of Birds Head geological history, contrasting reconstructions of Hall 1996 and Pigram et al. 1985/ Struckmeyer et al. 1993) Dam, M.A.C. & T.E. Wong (1998)- The environmental and geologic setting of the Bird's Head, Irian Jaya. In: G.J. Bartstra (ed.) Bird's Head approaches; Irian Jaya studies; a programme for interdisciplinary research. Modern Quaternary Res. Southeast Asia 15, Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 1-28. (Briefeview of Quaternary geography and environmental setting and geology of Birds Head peninsula) Davies, H.L. (2009)- New Guinea, geology. In: R. Gillespie & D. Clague (eds.) The Encyclopedia of Islands, University of California Press, p. 659-664. Davies, H.L. (2010)- Shallow‐dipping subduction beneath New Guinea and the geologic setting of the Grasberg, Ok Tedi, Frieda River and Porgera mineral deposits. In: 20th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts 98, p. 249. (Abstract only) (Late Cenozoic igneous activity in C Range of New Guinea associated with large copper‐gold deposits at Grasberg, Ok Tedi, Frieda River, Porgera, etc. May be related to S-ward shallow-dipping subduction of oceanic lithosphere from plate boundary at New Guinea Trench. Slab interpreted from tomography by Tregoning and Gorbatov (2004). S-ward progress of slab beneath island would explain S-ward migration of igneous activity through Late Cenozoic and transfer of stress from N to S front of Papuan Fold Belt) Davies, H.L. (2012)- The geology of New Guinea - the cordilleran margin of the Australian continent. Episodes 35, 1, p. 87-102. (online at: http://www.episodes.co.in/contents/2012/march/p87-102.pdf) (Elegant overview of W and E New Guinea geology. Fold and thrust belt marks outer limit of Australian craton. To N, E and W is aggregation of continental and oceanic volcanic arc terranes that accreted since Late Cretaceous, driven by oblique convergence between the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates and include two great ophiolites. Plate boundary is complex system of microplates. In E opening of Woodlark Basin causes extension of continental crust and exhumation of Pliocene eclogite. Similar extensional structures and exhumation of Pliocene eclogite in W New Guinea Wandamen Peninsula. Flat and shallow oblique subduction at New Guinea Trench caused deformation of Plio-Quaternary sediments in Mamberamo Basin, deformation and Pliocene igneous activity in Central range, and SW motion of Bird’s Head) De Boer, A.J. & J.P. Duffels (1996)- Historical biogeography of the cicads of Wallacea, New Guinea and the West Pacific. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 124, p. 153-177. (Cicadas species distribution explained as result of plate tectonic evolution of E Indonesia/ New Guinea) Decker, J., S.C. Bergman, P.A. Teas, P. Baillie & D.L. Orange (2009)- Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Bird’s Head, West Papua, Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA-G-139, p. 491-514.


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(M Jurassic Tangguh reservoir sandstones in Bintuni Basin interpreted as incised valley that was attached to Australian NW Shelf. Birds Head translated N at least 500 km and rotated CCW by 50º-90º along dextral strike slip fault system during Late Neogene to current position) De Graaf, W.P.F.H. (1960)- Tertiary foraminifera from Northwest Dutch New Guinea. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 63, p. 368-373. (Report on foraminifera in samples of Tertiary limestone from Birds Head and adjacent islands) De Groot, P.F. (1940)- Kort verslag over de werkzaamheden van de derde expeditie der N.V. Mijnbouwmaatschappij Nederlands Nieuw Guinea in 1938-1939. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 7, 9, p. 123135. (‘Brief report on the activities of the Third expedition of the Netherlands New Guinea Mining company in 19381939’) De Groot, P.F. (1940)- Kort verslag over de werkzaamheden van de 3e expeditie der N.V. Mijnbouwmaatschappij Nieuw Guinea in 1938-1939. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie, IV, 7, 9, p. 123-135. De Jong, G., S. Widodo, B. Antoro, N. Wiwoho, A. Perdana & P.Q. Warren (2008)- Geological review of Broken Limestone surrounding the Cu-Au Grasberg open pit- Papua, Indonesia. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol., Bandung, 1, p. 813-826. ('Broken Limestone' zones of fractures and karst in mineralized Oligo-Miocene Kais Limestone in NE and SW areas of Grasberg mine, trending parallel to regional NW-SE faults) De Koening, G. & R.K. Steup (1959)- Geological reconaissance survey of the Meervlakte. Nederlandsch Nieuw Guinea Petroleum Maatschappij (NNGPM) Report 31803, p. (Unpublished). De Sigoyer, J., M. Pubellier, V. Bailly, F. Sapin & J. Ringenbach (2007)- First discovery of eclogite in West Papua (Wandamen Peninsula). EOS Trans. AGU 88 (52), AGU Fall Mtg. Suppl., San Francisco, p. (Poster Abstract. Boulders of fresh eclogites and large garnets in schist in Wandamen Peninsula, in zone of oblique Pacific- Australian plates convergence. E-W metamorphic gradient from unmetamorphosed Lengguru sedimentary prism to metamorphic Wandamen Peninsula. Peninsula may represent inner part of Lengguru belt and may be continuation of inner part of C Range of Papua farther E. Eclogite occurs as lenses in metasedimentary rocks. Sediments look like Cenozoic of internal zone of Lengguru FTB. Migmatites and leucogranite cross cut eclogite, indicating later HT event. Miocene pebbles in conglomerate overlying E flank of Wandamen massif without metamorphic/ magmatic pebbles, suggesting eclogite exhumation after Miocene) De Sigoyer J., C. François, A. Cocherie, M. Pubellier, V. Bailly & J.C. Ringenbach (2011)- Very young and fast exhumation, between 8 and 5 Ma, for the high pressure metasediments of Lengguru prism,W Papua. Geoph. Res. Abstracts, 13, EGU2011-6601-1, 2011, 1p. (Abstract only) (High-pressure metasediments with retrogressed eclogites and migmatites in internal part of Lengguru foldbelt (Wandamen Peninsula). Lengguru prism built between 11- 2 Ma. Metasediments from N Wandamen show highP metamorphism, followed by second stage related to N-S stretching. Zircons from metagreywackes show metamorphic rims around inherited cores. Rims sugggest high P event ages of ~ 8-7 Ma, associated with subduction, followed by exhumation associated with migmatisation only 1- 2 Ma after burial (fastest exhumation ever documented for high P rocks)) Dickins, J.M. & S.K. Skwarko (1981)- Upper Palaeozoic pelecypods and gastropods from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Palaeont. Ser. 2, p. 43-52. (Early Permian (Artinskian or Kungurian) Aimau Fm pelecypods from Birds Head) Djuharlan, J. (1993)- Structural control of Ertsberg East orebody, Tembagapura, Irian Jaya. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, Bandung, p. 906-912. (Ertsberg East skarn mineralization in Eocene-Oligocenelimestone, associated with Pliocene (3.1 Ma) diorite)


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Djumhana, N. & A.M. Syarief (1991)- Pliocene carbonate build-ups a new play in the Salawati Basin, Irian Jaya. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 119-135. (Traditional Salawati Basin play is Miocene Kais Fm carbonate, but additional detrital limestone play in overlying Pliocene Klasafet and buildups in Late Pliocene Klasaman Fms. Terumbu 1 well, in NW Salawati basin 1.8 km W of Klalin 1, < tested 17.5 MMCFD of biogenic gas in 758’ thick coralline Pliocene buildup) Dolan, P.J. & Hermany (1988)- The geology of the Wiriagar field, Bintuni Basin, Irian Jaya. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 53-87. (1981 oil discovery in Upper Miocene Kais Limestone. Trap combination of structural, stratigraphic and diagenetic processes. Reefs probably developed on local highs, produced by Late Oligocene folding. Subsequent E-W directed compression in Pliocene created structural trap. Most likely source of oil is Jurassic Kembelangan Fm, although more than one source suggested by fluid inclusions and geochemical analysis) Douglas, E.A. (1913)- Korte beschrijving van eenige rolstenen uit de Digoelrivier verzameld door den mijningenieur O.G. Heldring. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 40 (1911), Verhand., p. 199-202. (‘Brief descriptions of float from Digul river, collected by Heldring’: granite, syenite, diorite, gabbro, andesite) Douglas, E.A. (1913)- Korte beschrijving van eenige rolstenen uit de Eilanden-rivier verzameld door den mijningenieur O.G. Heldring. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 40, (1911), Verhand., p. 203-204. (‘Brief descriptions of float from Eilanden river, collected by Heldring’: diorite, diabase) Douglas, E.A. (1913)- Korte beschrijving van eenige rolstenen uit de Setakwa-rivier verzameld door den mijningenieur O.G. Heldring. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 40, (1911), Verhand., p. 205-206. (‘Brief descriptions of float from Setakwa river, collected by Heldring’: diorites) Douville, H. (1923)- Sur quelques foraminiferes des Moluques orientales et de la Nouvelle Guinee. Jaarboek Mijnwezen 50 (1921), Verhand. 2, p. 107-116. (Brief description of Eocene larger forams in samples collected by Brouwer in Halmahera, Roti, New Guinea, Kai Besar, etc.) Dow, D.B. (1968)- A geological reconnaissance in the Nassau Range, West New Guinea. Geol. Mijnbouw 47, 1, p. 37-46. Dow, D.B. & B. Hamonangan (1981)- Preliminary geological map of the Enarotali quadrangle, Irian Jaya, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Dow, D.B., B. Harahap & S. Hakim (1990)- Geology of the Enarotali Sheet area, Irian Jaya, 1:250,000 (Quad. 3112). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Indonesia, Bandung, 57 p. Dow, D.B. & U. Hartono (1982)- The nature of the crust underlying Cendrawasih (Cendrawasih) Bay, Irian Jaya. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 203-210. (also in Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 6, p. 30-36. (Much of Cenderawasih Bay is oceanic crust and Pacific Plate island arc volcanics. SW margin Wandamen zone Paleozoic crystalline basement, rocks of continental affinity extending on islands over 50 km into bay. Hydrocarbon potential in bay limited to Neogene sediments which may include thick carbonates. Clastics likely mostly poorly sorted, immature sediments with limited oil source potential) Dow, D.B. & U. Hartono (1984)- The mechanism of Pleistocene plate convergence along Northeastern Irian Jaya. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 145-150. (Main structures along N edge Irian Jaya are probably M Pleistocene, resulting from SW directed relative convergence of Pacific and Australian plates) Dow, D.B., G.P. Robinson, U. Hartono & N. Ratman (1986)- Geological map of Irian Jaya, 1:1,000,000 scale, Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung.


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Dow, D.B., G.P. Robinson, U.B. Hartono & N. Ratman (1988)- Geology of Irian Jaya. Preliminary geological report. GRDC/BMR Irian Jaya Mapping Project Report, Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, 298p. (Overview of Irian Jaya geology. See also published version in 2005) Dow, D.B., G.P. Robinson, U.B. Hartono & N. Ratman (2005)- Geology of Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 32, 208 p. (Printed publication of 1988 GRDC ‘preliminary report’) Dow, D.B., G.P. Robinson & N. Ratman (1985)- Large-scale overthrusting during the Pliocene in western Irian Jaya. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 11, p. 29-41. (Main structural elements of W Irian Jaya formed in Pliocene. K-Ar cooling ages of Wandamen Metamorphics 6.9 nd 5.0 Ma. Stratigraphic similarities suggest Birds Head was probably not far removed from Irian JayaAustralian continent during most of Tertiary. Cenderawasih Bay probably underlain by E Tertiary island arc volcanics originating on Pacific Plate. Weyland Range of Derewo metamorphics, ophiolita and large M Miocnee Utawa Diorite intrusion S-directed thrust with 25 km S-ward displacement and 4-5 km of uplift) Dow, D.B., G.P. Robinson & N. Ratman (1985)- A new hypothesis for formation of Lengguru foldbelt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Bull. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. 69, 2, p. 203- 214. (also in Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 11, p. 1428, 1985) (Lengguru foldbelt is slab of folded platform sediments at N margin Australian continent and was thrust SW ward, rotated 30-35°, and dragged along transcurrent faults to S) Dow, D.B. & R. Sukamto (1984)- Western Irian Jaya: the end-product of oblique plate convergence in the Late Tertiary. Tectonophysics 106, 1-2, p. 109-139. (Late Miocene- Recent tectonic history of Birds Head- Cenderawasih Bay- W Papua area. Birds Head assumed to have been in approximately same relative position since Late Paleozoic. Late Miocene collision of AustraliaNew Guinea with Pacific arc caused clockwise rotation. Cenderawasih Bay underlain by Pacific domain crust) Dow, D.B. & R. Sukamto (1984)- Late Tertiary to Quaternary tectonics of Irian Jaya. Episodes 7, 4, p. 3-9. (online at: http://www.episodes.co.in/www/backissues/74/ARTICLES--3.pdf) (Review of 1978-1982 Indonesian-Australian Irian Jaya mapping project. Melanesian Orogeny, started in latest Miocene and continues today, involving underthrusting of Australian continent by Pacific Plate) Dow, D.B., D.S. Trail & B. Harahap (1984)- Geological data record Enarotali 1:250,000 sheet. GRDC/BMR Irian Jaya Mapping Project Report, 133p. Dozy, J.J. (1937)- Geologie, topografie. In: A.H. Colijn (1937) Naar de eeuwige sneeuw van tropisch Nederland, p. 231-253. (Brief description of geology and topography of area traversed during first successful ascent of the previously inexplored Carstensz Peak (Puncak Jaya) by Colijn mountaineering expedition. First report of Ertsberg copper deposit) Dozy, J.J. (1939)- Geological results of the Carstensz expedition 1936. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 11, 1, p. 68-131. (Geology along traverse from Timika to Carstensz Peak (Puncak Jaya), W Papua, by NNGPM geologist. Paleozoic- Miocene rocks. Includes discovery of Ertsberg world-class porphyry copper-gold deposit) Edwards, P. (1992)- Hydrocarbon exploration in the Central Fold Belt of Irian Jaya. In: Eastern Indonesia Exploration Symposium, IPC, Jakarta 1992, 3 p. Ego, F. & M. Pubellier (2001)- Onset of post collision strain partitioning (New Guinea). EGS XXVI, Nice 2001. (Abstract only) Ellison, J. (2005)- Holocene palynology and sea-level change in two estuaries in Southern Irian Jaya. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 220, p. 291-309.


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(SW New Guinea extensive tidal deltas on low gradient equatorial coastline. Palynology of cores in Ajkwa and Tipoeka estuaries showed mangroves at levels well below present tidal range, with tectonic subsidence in recent period, with Late Holocene relative sea-level rise of 0.67 mm/year) Endharto, M. (1990)- Pola struktur dan tanan tektonik Irian Jaya serta kaitannya dengan kemungkinan keterdapatan hidrokarbon. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 91-104. ('Structural geology and tectonic setting of Irian Jaya related to hydrocarbon prospectivity') Endharto, M.A.C. (1996)- Mendala struktur geologi regional Irian Jaya, implikasi terhadap perangkap hidrokarbon. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 6, 53, p. 17-26. ('Regional geological structure of Irian Jaya and implications for hydrocarbon traps') Erdman, D.A. (1940)- De fossiele mollusken en molluscoiden van de Carstensz Expeditie 1936. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 11, p. 96-97. ERI (Earth Resources Institute) (1990)- Geological data from NE Warim, Irian Jaya, Indonesia: results of the 1989/90 fieldwork program. CONOCO, 129p. Faber, F.J. (1955)- The first geological expedition (1952) of the Technical University at Delft in Netherlands New Guinea. Nova Guinea New Ser. 6, 1, p. 177-183. (Summary of survey work in N New Guinea Cyclops Mountains by Delft Technical University in 1952. Mainly evaluation of residual Ni-cobalt ores in laterite cover developed on harzburgite of Cyclops mountains) Fachri, M., B. Sapiie, W. Sunyoto, S. Widodo, Yudihanri & W. Margotomo (2005)- Analogue fractured reservoir characterization in Grasberg Igneous Complex (GIC) and New Guinea Limestone Group, Papua. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 543-558. (Study of fractures in limestone and igneous rocks exposed in Grasberg open pit. Numerous shear fractures, interpreted as a result of a left-lateral Riedel shear system trending ~N60°W) Fearne, M.C. (1985)- Exploration drilling in the Mamberamo Region of Irian Jaya: an operations review. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 582-603. Felix, I. (1912)- Uber eine pliocane Korallenfauna aus Holl. Neu-Guinea. Ber. Kon. Sachs. Ges. Wiss., Math.Phys. Kl., Leipzig, 64, 6, p. 429-445. (‘On a Pliocene coral fauna from Netherlands New Guinea’. Material from Van Rees Mountains, North New Guinea. Additional coral species from this area described in Felix (1921, p. 60-61) paper on Borneo corals) Feuilleteau de Bruyn, W.K.H. (1921)- De Schouten- en Paidadoe eilanden. Meded. Encycl. Bureau 21, 193p. (Geographic- geologic description of Schouten and Paidadioe islands, N of West Papua. Much young coral limestone, also serpentinite and slate with quartz veins, unconformably overlain by sandstones. Coral limestone on Supiori 100m above sea level, in Biak up to 600m above s.l.) Feuilleteau de Bruyn, W.K.H. (1921)- Contribution a la geologie de la Nouvelle Guinee. Dissertation, Univ. Lausanne, Bull. Lab. Geol., Geogr. Phys. Min. Pal. Universite Lausanne 30, 172 p. (Early work on New Guinea geology as part of 'military exploration' expeditions. Descriptions of N New Guinea (Mamberamo area), S New Guinea and Schouten and Padaido Islands. Identified Late Devonian brachiopods, etc., from Noordwest River float) Fink, D., M. Prentice & J. Peterson (2003)- The last glacial maximum and deglaciation events based on Be-10 and Al-26 exposure ages from the Mt. Trikora region, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: 16th INQUA Congr., Shaping the Earth; a Quaternary perspective, p. 231. (Paired 10Be and 26Al exposure ages from high altitude Mt. Trikora (~3500 m). Five major moraine systems in lower valley section sampled. Last Glacial Maximum in Irian Jaya started at least 21.5 ka ago, reaching peak


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at ~18 ka. Inner moraine system formed at 15.2+ or -1.2ka during last deglaciation and represents youngest glacial feature here) Flint, D.E. (1972)- Geology of the Ertsberg copper deposit, Irian Barat, Indonesia. Bull. Nat. Inst.Geol. Mining, Bandung 4, 1, p. 23-28. Fortey, R.A. & L.R.M. Cocks (1986)- Marginal faunal belts and their structural implications, with examples from the Lower Palaeozoic. J. Geol. Soc. London 143, p. 151-160. (New record of Ordovician (Llanvirn) graptolites in shale from Heluk River, E Irian Jaya (4°25’S, 139°17’E). Assigned to isograptid biofacies and taken as evidence of Ordovician ocean margin here. Also record of early Ordovician graptolites from the centre of. North Borneo?) Franssen Herderschee, A. (1911)- De wetenschappelijke uitkomsten der Mamberamo-expeditie 1909-’10. Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 28, p. 448-461. (‘The scientific results of the 1910-1911 Mamberamo expedition’) Fraser, T.H., J. Bon & L. Samuel (1993)- A new dynamic Mesozoic stratigraphy for the West Irian microcontinent, Indonesia, and its implications. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 707-761. (Thorough overview of Mesozoic stratigraphy on and around Birds Head- Bintuni Bay, W Papua) Froidevaux, C.M. (1977)- Tertiary tectonic history of the Salawati area, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 199-220. (Same paper as Froideveax 1978) Froidevaux, C.M. (1978)- Tertiary tectonic history of Salawati area, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 62, p. 1127-1150. (Salawati Island was attached to Irian Jaya during Miocene-E Pliocene reef development, and separated in M Pliocene- Pleistocene, by opening of Sele Strait rift zone after creation of left-lateral Sorong fault zone. Island moved 17.5 km SW after initial 13° counterclockwise rotation. Motion triggered during widespread magmatic intrusion of Sorong fault zone, when basalt infiltrated right-lateral fault system in Sele Strait area. Rifting along three parallel left-lateral strike-slip faults, later site of down-to-NW normal faulting, accommodating subsidence from Pliocene-Pleistocene load from northern basaltic mountains. If Salawati is placed in former Irian Jaya frame, and N compartment of left-lateral Sorong fault zone moved back E, Miocene landscape appears characterized by widespread carbonate development with reefs thriving at edge of early New Guinea landmass facing open sea on W. Original distribution of reefs different from present) Fugro (2007)- Offshore Semai hydrocarbon prospectivity study. Multi-client study, 6 vols. (Petroleum evaluation study SW Bintuni Basin between onshore Bintuni/Onin and Seram thrust belt) Gafoer, S. & T. Budhistrisna (1995)- Geological map of the Sarmi and Bufareh sheets, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Gautama, A.B. (1982)- Geologi daerah Carstensz Pyramide- Platen Spitz, Pegunungan Jayawijaya, Irian Jaya. Proc. 11th Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), p. 31-54. (Geology of Carstensz peak region near Freeport copper mine, Central Range Irian Jaya) Gerth, H. (1927)- Ein neues Vorkommen der bathyalen Cephalopoden Fazies des mittleren Jura in Niederlandisch Neu Guinea. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 2, 3, p. 225-228. ('A new occurrence of the bathyal cephalopod facies of the Middle Jurassic in Netherlands New Guinea'. Small collection of M Jurassic ammonites supposedly from the Birds Head (but unlikely from there; Visser and Hermes 1962, p. 54), donated to Leiden Museum by government official from Fakfak. Reportedly from Wairor River and its Weriangki tributary, presumably near Fak Fak. Ammonites in geodes from hard black limestone, similar to those from Cenderawasih Bay and Sula islands. From Werianki River: Macrocephalites keeuwensis,


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Sphaeroceras cf. bullatum and Peltoceras, probably Callovian age. From Wairori River two Stephonoceras species, probably Bajocian age. Gerth, H. (1927)- Eine Favosites Kolonie aus dem Palaozoikum von Neu-Guinea. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 2, 3, p. 228-229. ('A Favosites colony from the Paleozoic of New Guinea'. Brief report on discovery of Paleozoic tabulate coral from dark limestone float in Noord River, S of Central Range, W Papua. Age range of genus is SilurianPermian (but in Australia most common in U Silurian- M Devonian; HvG)) Gerth, H. (1965)- Ammoniten des mittleren und oberen Jura und der altesten Kreide von Nordabhang des Schneegebirges in Neu Guinea. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeont., Abh. 121, 2, p. 209-218. (‘Middle and Upper Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous ammonites from the North flank of the Snow Mountains in New Guinea’. Callovian- Berriasian ammonites collected by Faber from two ‘Kembelangan Fm’ localities, Lambek in W and Amarai 100 km to E. Callovian Macrocephalites keeuwensis, Oxfordian Mayites and Inoceramus galoi, etc. similar to Sula Islands ammonites. Berriasian with Blanfordiceras, incl. B. novaguiense n.sp.) Gheyselinck, R.F.C.R. (1949)- Petroleum. In: W.C. Klein (ed.) Nieuw Guinea, I, Dutch Govt. Printing Office, The Hague p. 311-350. (Overview of pre-1949 Netherlands New Guinea petroleum activities) Gibbins, S., S. Titley & K. Friehauf (2003)- Age, origin, petrology and petrography of the Ertsberg Diorite, West Papua, Indonesia. Geol. Soc. America, 2003 Ann. Mtg., Boulder, Abstracts with Programs 35, 6, p. 400. (Abstract only. Ertsberg Diorite hosts several major copper-gold-bearing skarns in sediments along margins and in roof pendants. U-Pb dates on zircons indicate crystallization age of ~3 Ma. Biotite-clinopyroxene assemblage suggests depths <2 km, similar to formation of adjacent Grasberg. Mineralization at Ertsberg soon after crystallization of main igneous body) Gibson-Robinson, C., N.M. Henry, S.J. Thomson & H.T. Raharjo (1990)- Kasim and Walio Fields-Indonesia Salawati Basin, Irian Jaya. In: E.A. Beaumont & N.H. Foster (eds.) AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Stratigraphic traps I, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields, p. 257-295. (Walio and Kasim, discovered in 1973 are two largest fields in Salawati Basin. Main production from Late Miocene Kais Fm reefal limestones, minor production from 'U' and 'Textularia 2' limestones above Kais Fm) Gibson-Robinson, C. & H. Soedirdja (1986)- Transgressive development of Miocene reefs, Salawati Basin, Irian Jaya. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 377-403. (Salawati Basin Miocene reefs grew on extensive carbonate platform during transgressive episodes in Miocene. Three main stages of transgressive reef growth, followed by regressive phases of termination) Giddings, J.W., W. Sunata & C.J. Pigram (1993)- Reinterpretation of paleomagnetic results from the Bird’s Head, Irian Jaya: new constraints on the drift history of the Kemum terrane. Explor. Geophys. 24, p. 283-290. (Paleomag supports derivation of Kemum terrane from NE Australian margin. Large-scale Neogene clockwise rotation can be ruled out. 55° counterclockwise rotation between Tipuma Fm (Late Triassic?) and Faumai Lst (Eocene). After deposition of Faumai Fm Kemum Terrane rafted west ward. Amalgamation of Kemum and Misool terranes took place in latest Oligocene; then amalgamated with Australian cration in M Miocene, causing composite terrane to rotate 10° counterclockwise) Ginting, C.S.P. & S.F. Baok (2008)- Hydrocarbon exploration trend at Akimeugah Basin Papua based on structural and tectonostratigraphic control. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 463-475. (Summary of Tertiary Akimeugah foreland basin S of W Papua Central Range. No new data) Gisolf, W.F. (1923)- On the rocks of Doorman top in Central New Guinea. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 24, p. 191-198. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014930.pdf)


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(Petrographic description and chemical analysis of rocks from Doorman peak, W Papua Central Range, collected by Hubrecht during Mamberamo expedition: dark green peridotite, rich in magnetite, olivine, but without pyroxene or serpentine) Gisolf, W.F. (1923)- Over het gesteente van den Doormantop in Centraal Nieuw Guinea. Verslag. Afd. Natuurkunde, Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., 32, p. 160-167. ('On the rocks of the Doorman peak in central New Guinea'. Dutch version of paper above) Gisolf, W.F. (1924)- Microscopisch onderzoek van gesteenten van Noord-Nieuw-Guinea. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 50 (1921), Verh. 1, p. 133-161. (‘Microscopic investigations of rocks from North New Guinea’. Descriptions of igneous and metamorphic rocks collected by Zwierzycki in Cyclops Mountains, etc.) Glenister, B.F., L.M. Glenister & S.K. Skwarko (1983)- Lower Permian cephalopods from western Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Palaeont. Ser. 4, p. 74-85. (Late Early Permian (Artinskian) cephalopods from Aifam B (Aifat) Fm mudstones in Aifam River, Tamiabuan sheet, Birds Head, associated with rich brachiopod fauna described by Archbold (1982). Incl. Pseudoschistoceras irianense n.sp. from Aifat Fm (also known from Timor?)) Gochioco, L.M., I.R. Novianti & R.V. Pascual (2002)- Resolving fault shadow problems in Irian Jaya (Indonesia) using prestack depth migration. The Leading Edge 21, 9, p. 911-912. (Geophysics paper with little or no geology) Gouwentak, C.J. (1939)- De exploratie naar goud in Nederlands Zuidwest Nieuw Guinea. Tijdschrift Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen. 56, 2, p. 220-235. ('The exploration for gold in Netherlands SW New Guinea'. Travel account of 1937 expedition up Lorentz/ Noordoost/ Van der Sande Rivers area S of Central Range by 'Mijnbouwmatschappij Nederlandsch Nieuw Guinea' expedition. Limited geology: occasional outcrops of marine sediment, further upstream EoceneMiocene Nummulites- Lepidocyclina limestones, coal and older rocks. One flammable gas seep along Noordoost River. Frequent earthquakes. Very little or no traces of gold in surveyed area) Gow, P.A. & J.L. Walshe (2005)- The role of preexisting geologic architecture in the formation of giant porphyry-Related Cu-Au deposits: examples from New Guinea and Chile. Econ. Geol. 100, 5, p. 819-833. (Development of giant porphyry copper/ gold deposits in New Guinea and Chile during Tertiary magmatic events that overprinted earlier extensional tectonic settings. During collision deeply detached listric faults inverted and focused uplift, exhumation and fluid flow. Steep transverse faults activated to form wrench systems, pathways for magma or fluid. Ore deposits commonly in hanging wall of thrusts. Competent flat-lying packages formed plates, like Darai/Mendi Limestone or equivalents in New Guinea, overlying folded, weaker units underneath. These plates appear to have impeded magma ascent and formed a cap) Granath, J.W. & R.M.I. Argakoesoemah (1989)- Variations in structural style along the eastern Central Range thrust belt, Irian Jaya. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 79-89. (Warim block in E part of West Papua Central Ranges part of S- vergent thin-skinned fold and thrust belt. East of 140°E thick-skinned structures, which persist into PNG. Structures in thin-skinned part of belt appear to be in process of overprinting by major strike-slip zone) Granath, J.W. & S.A. Hermeston (1993)- Relationship of the Toro formation and the Alene Sands of Papua New Guinea to the Woniwogi Formation of Irian Jaya. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Proc. Second PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 201-206. (Central Irian Jaya unconformity between M Jurassic Kopai clastics and Late Valanginian. Late ValanginianHauterivian- E Barremian Woniwogi sst equivalent of PNG Alene sst, not Berriasian- Valanginian Toro sst) Granath, J.W. & Hooper (1993)- Inversion tectonics. New Guinea fold belt Basin Inversion Conference, Oxford Univ., 1993, p.


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Granath, J.W., T.O. Simanjuntak & M.S. Gage (1992)- Cretaceous stratigraphy of Eastern Irian Jaya. Abstracts AAPG Int. Conf. Sydney 1992, AAPG Bull. 76, 7, p. 1103. (C Irian Jaya U. Valanginian-Lw Hauterivian Woniwogi sst transgressive over M Jurassic clastics, with more complete Jurassic- Lw Cretaceous section in E Irian Jaya. Coniacian- Campanian Ekmai sst marks abrupt downward shift in relative sea level, followed by transgression. Angular unconformity in MaastrichtianPaleocene Waripi Fm suggest Late Cretaceous tectonics overprinting passive margin subsidence) Granath, J.W., K.A. Soofi & J.B. Mercer (1991)- Applications of SAR in structural modeling of the Central Ranges thrust belt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: R.H. Rogers (ed.) Proc. 8th Conf. Geologic remote sensing; exploration, engineering and environment, Denver, p. 105-116. Gunawan, I., R. Hall & M.A. Cottam (2011)- Age, character and provenance of the clastic Tipuma Formation, West Papua, Indonesia: new insights from detrital zircon dating. In: Conf. Sediment provenance studies in hydrocarbon exploration & production, Geol. Soc., London 2011, p. 30 (Abstract only) (Tipuma Fm of Birds Head poorly dated fluvial deposits between Permian and Cretaceous, 90-150m thick. Detrital zircon age populations from Lower Mb Triassic, Permian and Carboniferous and Proterozoic peaks. Ages in Middle Mb mainly Triassic-Carboniferous with few Ordovician grains. Upper Mb has important M Triassic and Late Permian populations, also Carboniferous, Devonian, Silurian and Ordovician. Maximum depositional ages for Tipuma Fm Late Triassic (Lower Mb ~214 Ma, Middle Mb 229 Ma, Upper Mb 205 Ma). No strong evidence for rifting event. Common Late Triassic subhedral zircons in Upper and Lower Members suggest volcanic activity in Birds Head) Gunawan, I., R. Hall & I. Sevastjanova (2012)- Age, character and provenance of the Tipuma Formation, West Papua: new insights from detrital zircon dating. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-027, p. 1-14. (SHRIMP U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from 11 Tipuma Fm sandstone samples show Permo-Triassic (234-280 Ma), Mesoproterozoic (1.4-1.6 Ga) and Paleoproterozoic (1.8-2.3 Ga) age peaks. Maximum age of deposition of Tipuma Fm Late Triassic (~202 Ma). Tipuma Fm immature lithic sandstone, lithic fragments mainly sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Fresh volcanic quartz and zircon suggest acid igneous activity in Birds Head during deposition in Late Triassic) Haberle, S.G., G.S. Hope & Y. Defretes (1991)- Environmental change in the Baliem Valley, montane Irian Jaya, Republic of Indonesia. J. Biogeography 18, p. 95-40. Hadipandoyo, S., Mujito & T. Wibowo (1996)- Hydrocarbon resource assessment of carbonate and coarse clastic sediment plays, Cenderawasih Bay area, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: S.Y. Kim et al. (eds.) Proc. 32nd Ann. Sess.Coord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Tsukuba 1995, p. 69-78. (Cenderawasih Bay area belongs to W part of Waipoga- Waropen- Mamberano basin, N New Guinea. Assumed to be underlain by Pre-Tertiary volcanics and metamorphics, part of Pacific Plate. Tertiary clastic middle wedge play and carbonate basal wedge plays present. Oil potential as high as 126 M Tons, expected value 43 MTons (risked values 52 and 8.4 MTons resp.). Total gas potential 1,060 Gm3, expected value 505 Gm3) Hakim, A.S. & B.H. Harahap (1993)- Geologi Lembar Waren (Pulau Ratewa). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 14, p. 42-53. Hakim, A.S. & B.H. Harahap (1994)- Geological Map of the Waren Quadrangle Irian Jaya, 3113, 1:250,000 Scale. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung. Hakim, A.S., Harahap, B.H. & N. Ratman (2003)- Neotektonik Papua (Irian Jaya). In: Pros. Forum Penelitian dan Pengembangan Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral, Badan Litbang Energi Sumberdaya Min., p. 500-517. ('Neotectonics of Papua (Irian Jaya)')


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Hall, R. (2001)- Extension during Late Neogene collision in East Indonesia and New Guinea. J. Virtual Explorer 4, p. 17-24. Hall, R., J. Ali, C. Anderson, S. Baker et al. (1992)- The Sorong Fault Zone. Processes and rates of terrane amalgamation. University of London SE Asia Research Group, Rept. 111, 211p. (unpublished) (Stratigraphy, paleomagnetism, volcanism, etc. of Halmahera, Obi, Sula, Waigeo, etc. Regional unconformity at 45 Ma-Mid Eocene. Collision of Philippine Sea arc and Australian continent at ~25 Ma; ends volcanism and starts strike slip zone) Hampton, O.W. (1997)- Rock quarries and the manufacture, trade, and uses of stone tools and symbolic stones in the Central Highlands of Irian Jaya, Indonesia: ethnoarchaeological perspectives. Ph.D. Thesis Texas A & M University, College Station, p. 1-887 (online at: http://anthropology.tamu.edu/papers/Hampton-PhD1997.pdf) (Mainly anthropological study of stone tool usage in highlands of W Papua. Stone tools from 4 main quarry areas. In West: two quarry areas in metamorphics-ophiolite belt along N side of Central Range, Yeineri (glaucophane schist, epidote amphibolite, epidote chlorite schist) and Tagime (meta-argillite). In East: Sela and Langda (lighter colored basalts-andesites and meta-basalts)) Hanafi, B.R. & B. Priadi (2010)- Indikasi keberadaan endapan melange di wilayah Kotaraja dan sekitarnya, Kota Jayapura, Papua. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-036, 4p. ('Indications for the occurrence of melange deposits in the Kotajaya district, Jayapura, Papua'. Outcrops of chaotic, sheared rock with fragments of peridotite, gabro, sandstone, limestone, schist, gneiss, quartzite, ranging in size from 2 cm- 15m or more, floating in greenish grey scaly clay matrix. Related to Late-Miocene (subduction) tectonic activity) Hanzawa, S. (1947)- Note on Lacazina wichmanni Schlumberger from New Guinea. In: Recent progress of natural sciences in Japan, Nihon Shizen Kagaku Shuho (Japanese J. Geol. Geogr.), 20, 2-4, p. 1-4. (Descriptions of Eocene larger foram Lacazina wichmanni from subsurface limestone of Birds Head region, New Guinea) Harahap, B.H. (1996)- New age results from the Tertiary succession of the Yera anticline, south Central Range of Irian Jaya. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 6, 63, p. 2-9. Harahap, B.H. (1997)- The metamorphic complex of the Central Range of Irian Jaya, with special reference to Enarotali Quadrangle. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 7, 67, p. 16-25. Harahap, B.H. (1997)- Central Range of East Irian Jaya: review of gold exploration. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 21, p. 63-77. (Gold mineralization associated with Plio-Pleistocene calc-alkaline and alkaline intrusives and volcanics. At least 25 intrusive bodies identified in Central Range of E Irian Jaya) Harahap, B.H. (1997)- Konstruksi penampang kesetimbangan antiklin umar Irian Jaya Barat. GRDC Geosurvey Newsletter 17, p. 16-19. Harahap, B.H. (1998)- Upper Paleozoic-Lower Mesozoic magmatic intrusions in Western Irian Jaya. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. 123. (Abstract only?) Harahap, B.H. (2009)- Tectonostratigraphy of the Phanerozoic continental province succession in Southern Papua, Eastern Indonesia. In: 11th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, p. Harahap, B.H. (2010)- Tectonostratigraphy of the Phanerozoic continental province succession in Southern Papua, Eastern Indonesia. Meeting IGCP Project 507, Paleoclimates in Asia during the Cretaceous, Yogyakarta 2010, p. 67-71. (Abstract only) (online at: http://igcp507.grdc.esdm.go.id/abstracts/74-.. )


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Harahap, B.H., A.S. Hakim & D.B. Dow (1990)- Geological map of the Enarotali sheet, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Harahap, B.H., A.S. Hakim & U. Hartono (1998)- Upper Paleozoic- Lower Mesozoic magmatic intrusions in Western Irian Jaya. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 8, 87, p. 2-13 Harahap, B.H. & Y. Noya (1995)- Geological map of the Rotanburg (Idenburg Barat), Irian Jaya (Quad 3312). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Harahap, B.H. & H. Panggabean (2003)- Potensi hidrokarbon dengan acuan khusus terhadap singkapan batuan di daerah Aiduna dan Taporomay, Kabupaten Mimika, Papua. In: Pros. Forum Penelitian dan Pengembangan Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral, Badan Litbang Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral, p. 358-376. ('Hydrocarbon potential with special reference to rocks in the Aiduna and Tapomay area, Timika, Papua') Harahap, B.H. & U. Sukamta (1996)- Tectonostratigraphy of the Mesozoic- Cenozoic Pacific province succession in northeastern Irian Jaya., Eastern Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 6, 57, p. Harahap, B.H. & U. Sukamta (1997)- Tectonostratigraphy of the Mesozoic- Cenozoic Pacific province succession in northeastern Irian Jaya., Eastern Indonesia. Pros. Seminar Nasional Geoteknologi III, LIPI, p. 518-538. Harahap, B.H. U. Sukanta & E. Rusmana (1994)- Structure of West Irian Jaya identified from Landsat imagery. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 17, p. 13-21. Harahap, B.H., J.B. Supandjono & Sukido (1996)- Geology of the Rotanburg region. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min.(Bandung) 6, 55, p. 17-28. (In Rotanburg map sheet of N West Papua Cretaceous- Recent sediments, igneous rocks, including Ultramafic complex and Awewa volcanics, and Derewo metamorphics) Hardjono, T.S. Asikin & J. Purnomo (1998)- Heat flow estimation from seismic reflection anomalies in a frontier area of the Sebakor Sea, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 33rd Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, 2, p. 56-83. (Bottom-simulating seismic reflector in deep water between Seram and Onin Peninsula related to presence of gas hydrate. Sub-seafloor depth of hydrate used to estimate heat flow in frontier area without well data. Calculated average heat flow 1.14 ucal/cm2/sec, average geothermal gradient 3.9 °C/ 100m) Harting, A. (1925)- Bijdrage tot de geologie van Beraoe (met een geologisch schetskaartje van Beraoe 1:750,000). Verh. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 8 (Gedenkboek Verbeek), p. 205-212. (On the geology of Berau, with a geological sketch-map, 1:750 000) Hartono, O. Verdiansyah & I.M. Surata (2011)- Porphyry and skarn copper-gold discovery in Pegunungan Bintang, Papua. Proc. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-023, 16p. (On a 2009 copper-gold discovery in Star mountains, Central Range near PNG border. In Indonesian) Hartono, U., U. Sukanta & N. Ratman (1989)- Pre- and post-Late Tertiary collision magmatic activity in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia (GEOSEA VI), IAGI, p. 61-71. (Eo/Oligocene-E Miocene island arc volcanics associated with Pacific Plate result of N-ward subduction of Australian Plate found in Birds Head, N coast of body, small outcrops in Gauttier Mts and N flank Central Range. M Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene volcanics and intrusives in Birds Head, Neck and Central Range may be associated with M-L Miocene S-ward subduction)


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Heads, M. (2001)- Birds of paradise, biogeography and ecology in New Guinea: a review. J. Biogeography 28, 5, p. 893-925. (Biogeographic distributions of birds of paradise and other biota compatible with New Guinea accreted terrane tectonic model of Pigram & Davies (1987), including massive lateral strike-slip movement) Heads, M. (2002)- Regional patterns of biodiversity in New Guinea animals. J. Biogeography 29, 2, p. 285-294. (Distribution of 622 modern animal species analysed. Centres of diversity in various groups of animals related to three main geological regions: Australian craton, accreted terranes and Cenozoic volcanic arcs) Heads, M. (2006)- Biogeography, ecology and tectonics in New Guinea. J. Biogeography 33, 5, p. 957-958. Hefton, K.K., G.D. MacDonald, L.C. Arnold, A.L. Schappert & A. Ona (1995)- Copper-gold deposits of the Ertsberg (Gunung Bijih) Mining District, Irian Jaya. In: D. Mayes & P.J. Pollard (eds.) Geology and coppergold deposits of the Ertsberg (Gunung Bijih) Mining District, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. 17th Int. Geochem. Expl. Symp., James Cook University, Townsville, EGRU Contr. 53, p. 1-43. (Overview of Freeport copper-gold mining project in W Papua. World’s highest grade porphyry Cu-Au deposit, associated with Pliocene diorite intrusions) Heim, A. (1953)- Geological observations in the Wisselmeer region. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 46, p. 23-27. (Geological observations along traverse from Uta on S coast to Enarotali on Paniai Lake. Common Eocene limestones. Eroded anticlinal structures with Paleocene and Eocene outcrops Thick Eocene limestones with Lacazinella and other large forams. Above end-Eocene discontinuity abundant Upper Oligocene larger forams. Also Paleocene and U Tertiary marls and sandstones) Heldring, O.G. (1912)- De Zuidkust van Niew-Guinea. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië 38 (1909), p. 83-203. (Early reconnaissance survey of South coast of W Papua) Heldring, O.G. (1913)- Verslag over Zuid Nieuw Guinea. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 40 (1911), Verhand., p. 40-207. (Report on geological observations during 1909-1910 ‘military expedition’ along S New Guinea rivers Digul, Eilanden, Setakwa, etc. Did not reach the Central Range and stayed mostly in Tertiary and younger sediments. Most observations of rocks on loose material in river banks: Eocene limestones, igneous rocks, etc. ) Helmcke, D., K.W. Barthel & A. von Hillebrandt (1978)- Uber Jura und Unterkreide aus dem Zentralgebirge Irian Jayas (Indonesian). Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeont., Monatshefte 1978-11, p. 674-684. ('On Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous from the Central Range of Irian Jaya'. Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous ammonites mainly as loose float from dark shaly beds in N part Irian Jaya foldbelt. Ages mainly Oxfordian (Perisphinctes, Epimayaites), but also Bajocian, Callovian, Tithonian and late Early Cretaceous. Upper Jurassic ammonite faunas similar to Himalayan faunas of Spiti, Nepal) Henage, L. (1993)- Mesozoic and Tertiary tectonics of Irian Jaya: evidence for non-rotation of Kepala Burung. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 763-792. (Rather unique interpretation of New Guinea tectonics) Hendarjo, K.S. & R.E. Netherwood (1986)- Palaeoenvironmental and diagenetic history of Kais Formation, K.B.S.A., Irian Jaya. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 423-438. Hennig, A., N. Yassir, M.A. Addis & A. Warrington (2002)- Pore-pressure estimation in an active thrust region and its impact on exploration and drilling. In: A. Huffman & G. Bowers (eds.) Pressure regimes in sedimentary basins and their prediction, AAPG Mem. 76, 9, p. 89-105. (Pore pressures in PNG fold belt and foreland basin highly variable and compartmentalized. Conventional pore-pressure detection techniques in shales cannot be used with confidence in tectonically active regions)


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Henry, C. & S. Das (2002)- The Mw 8.2, 17 February 1996 Biak, Indonesia, earthquake: rupture history, aftershocks, and fault plane properties. J. Geophys. Res.107, B11, 2312, doi:10.1029/2001JB000796, 20p. (Large earthquake E of Biak on shallow dipping thrust fault (strike 109°, dip 9°). Rupture propagated bilaterally on a fault extending 180 km W and 50 km E of hypocenter) Hermes, J.J. (1968)- The Papuan geosyncline and the concept of geosynclines. Geol. Mijnbouw 47, p. 81-97. Hermes, J.J. (1974)- West Irian. In: A.M. Spencer (ed) Mesozoic-Cainozoic orogenic belts. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Paper 4, p. 475-490. (Overview of W New Guinea geology/ stratigraphy, using geosynclinal terminology. Age of metamorphism in N Central Range most likely Late Oligocene. Also Late Oligocene ‘Sirga phase’. Deformation in Mamberamo basin is Pleistocene) Hermes, J.J. (1982)- On the alleged rotation of the island of New Guinea. Pacific Geol. 16, p. 53- 57. (No major rotations between New Guinea and Australia, but good evidence for transcurrent movement between North New Guinea and Central New Guinea provinces. M Miocene Makats Fm in N New Guinea has detritus from apparently metamorphosed and uplifted Central Range) Hermes, J.J. & F.C. Schumacher (1960)- Summary of stratigraphy of New Guinea. Proc. 9th Pacific Sci. Congr. 12, Bangkok 1957, p. 318-324. (Overview of Silurian- Pliocene stratigraphy of W New Guinea. Kemum Fm in Birds Head contains Lower Silurian Monograptus. Permo-Carboniferous rel. widespread clastics and sandy limestones with Spiriferid brachiopods and Glossopteris flora, etc.) Hill, K.C. & R. Hall (2003)- Mesozoic- Cenozoic evolution of Australia's New Guinea margin in a West Pacific context. In: R.R. Hillis & R.D. Muller (eds.) The evolution and dynamics of the Australian Plate. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 372 and Geol. Soc. Australia Spec. Publ. 22, p. 265- 290. (Island of New Guinea at N Australian margin. Complex evolution, largely masked by Mio-Pliocene orogenesis. In Palaeozoic, New Guinea contained boundary ('Tasman Line') between Late Paleozoic active margin in E and extensional margin in W. Permian- Early Triassic active margin with widespread M Triassic granite intrusions. Triassic-Jurassic rifting followed by Cretaceous passive margin subsidence and renewed rifting in Late Cretaceous- Paleocene. Rapid N-ward movement of Australian Plate since Eocene resulted in Mio-Pliocene collision with Philippine-Caroline Arc, which commenced in Late Oligocene and orogenesis continues today. Change in character of New Guinea lithosphere from thick and strong in W to thin and weak N and E of Tasman Line important influence on style and location of Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformation) Hill, K.C., N. Hoffman, P. Lunt & R. Paul (2002)- Structure and hydrocarbons in the Sareba Block, 'Bird’s Neck', West Papua. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 227-248. (E Birds Neck- W Cenderawasih Bay NE- trending Sareba Graben, originated in Late Jurassic- Early K. Cretaceous- M Miocene starved basinal facies. Adjacent Lengguru foldbelt formed by collision of Weyland Terrane with Birds Neck, consuming Papeocene oceanic crust of Cenderawasih Bay. Thin-skinned thrusting in Late Miocene, thick-skinned thrusting/ uplift in Pliocene, Pleistocene orogenic collapse into Cenderwasih Bay Pliocene oceanic crust, leaving a <2 Ma metamorphic core compex on Wandamen Peninsula) Hill, K.C., J.T. Keetley, R.D. Kendrick & E. Sutriyono (2004)- Structure and hydrocarbon potential of the New Guinea foldbelt. In: K.R. McClay (ed.) Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems, AAPG Mem. 82, p. 494-514. (Papuan Fold Belt structures inverted extensional faults and asymmetric detachment folds that break through overturned forelimb. Previous fault-bend foldmodel flawed. PNG deformation front has not yet impinged on strong Australian lithosphere, so low fold belt occupies its own foreland basin. W PNG Fold Belt gascondensate province just impinged on strong lithosphere, developing foreland basin and basement-cored anticlines. Irian Jaya Fold Belt deformation front encountered strong Australian lithosphere, causing 15kmthick Paleozoic- Mesozoic sequence thrust to surface along previously extensional basin-margin fault. Focusing deformation on one fault created mountains 5km high and adjacent foreland basin. Bird’s Neck Lengguru Fold Belt resembles oil province in Papuan Fold Belt, but Pleistocene extensional faulting may cause breaching)


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Hill, K.C., R.D. Kendrick, P.V. Crowhurst & P.A. Gow (2002)- Copper-gold mineralisation in New Guinea: tectonics, lineaments, thermochronology and structure. Australian J. Earth Sci. 49, 4, p. 737-752. (Late Miocene-Pliocene copper-gold deposits tied to intrusives (of mantle origin, not subduction-related) and intersections of N-NE trending transfer faults and inverting Mesozoic extensional faults) Hill, K.C., R.D. Kendrick, P.V. Crowhurst & P.A. Gow (2002)- Predicting Cu-Au mineralisation in New Guinea: tectonics, lineaments, thermochronology and structure. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 372, p. Hill, K.C., P.B. O’Sullivan, K. Lumbanbatu et al. (1998)- Tectonics and hydrocarbons in Irian Jaya, constraints from zircon fission track analysis. Proc. 26th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., (Poster Abstract) (Zircons ages reflecting ages of volcanism: U. Miocene- Pliocene, Paleocene, M Cretaceous, Late Triassic- E Triassic, Late Carboniferous- E Permian and Proterozoic-E Paleozoic) Hirschi, H. (1908)- Reisen in Nordwest Neu-Guinea. Jahresbericht Geogr. Ethnogr. Ges. Zurich 1907-1908. Von Lohbauer, Zurich 1908, p. 71-106. (‘Travels in NW New Guinea’. Traverses from Fakfak to Cenderawasih Bay by BPM geologist. Collected M Jurassic ammonites at Wendesi, Cenderawasih Bay, described by Boehm 1913) Hobson, D.M., A. Adnan & L. Samuel (1997)- The relationship between Late Tertiary basins, thrust belt and major transcurrent faults in Irian Jaya: implications for petroleum systems throughout New Guinea. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia Conf., Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc, p. 261-284. (Irian Jaya fold-thrust belt two Tertiary uplift phases. Older structures formed ahead of oceanic crustal slabs during obduction onto N Australian Plate margin. Younger structures formed after oceanic obduction ceased, and since Late Pliocene. Folds and thrusts controlled by restraining bends in NE-SW dextral, transcurrent fault system. Extensional basins along releasing bends. Younger structures formed after hydrocarbon generation ceased. Two ages of compressive structures also in Papuan Thrust Belt, but formed ahead of discrete accreted terranes. In most of Thrust Belt only one generation of folds. In PNG plate-bounding, transcurrent fault systems well N of Thrust Belt, and deformation affects only N Papuan basins) Hope, G.S., J.A. Peterson, U. Radok & I. Allison (eds.) (1976)- The equatorial glaciers of New Guinea. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 230p. (online at www.westpapuaweb.org/dlib/bk/hope1976) (Results of 1971-1973 Australian Universities Expedition to Carstensz glaciers, W Irian Jaya. No geology) Hope G.S. & J. Tulip (1994)- A long vegetation history from lowland Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 109, p. 385-398. (Pollen analysis of 10 m core from mire at 780 m altitude and 2°S latitude on ultrabasic soils on N coastal range of W Papua, believed to cover ~60,000 yr B.P. Montane forest grew around site continously through Late Pleistocene with increases in higher-altitude taxa from 25- 10.5 ka, the time of glacial maxima. Fine charcoal record after 10.9 ka, probably anthropogenic disturbance) Housh, T. & T.P. McMahon (2000)- Ancient isotopic characteristics of Neogene potassic magmatism in Western New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Indonesia). Lithos 50, 1-3, p. 217-239. (Collision-related Central Range Late Miocene- Pleistocene intrusives and volcanics with unique isotope compositions, probably reflecting interaction of mantle derived parent magma, Proterozoic or Archean lower crust and possibly younger crust) Hubrecht, P. (1913)- Beknopt geologisch verslag der derde Zuid-Nieuw Guinea expeditie 1912-1913. Maatschappij Bevordering Natuurhistorisch Onderzoek Nederland Kolon., Bull. 68, p. 37-51. ('Brief geological report of the Third South New Guinea Expedition 1912-1913'. Expedition from S coast, up Lorentz/ Noord River to Wilhelmina / Trikora Peak in Central Range) Hubrecht, P.F. (1918)- Rapport over Nieuw Guinea. Typescript at Bureau of Mines office, Jayapura, p. 1-25.


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(Geological observations in New Guinea and 1913 traverse from S Coast to Wilhelmina peak in Central Range) Hubrecht, P.F. (1921)- Beknopt geologisch verslag van de wetenschappelijke Noord Nieuw-Guinea expeditie. Publ.? ('Brief geological report of the scientific North New Guinea Expedition') Hutasoit, L.M. & Y. Ashari (1998)- The origin of saline spring water in Baliem Valley, Irian Jaya based on its isotopic composition. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 114-120. Hutubessy, S. (1998)- Konfigurasi struktur geologi bawah permukaan hasil analisa data gayaberat dan seismologi di dataran tinggi Wamena, Irian Jaya. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 8, 85, p. 12-23. ('Deep structural configuration from gravity and seismological data analysis in Wamena high valley, Irian Jaya') Indarto, S. (1996)- Potensi batupasir kuarsa di daerah Aikimia, Wamena, Irian Jaya. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 56-66. ('Quartz-sand potential of the Aikimia area, Wamena, Irian Jaya'. Probably on quartz-rich Upper Cretaceous Ekmai sandstone outcrops in Baliem Valley, Central Range of W Papua') Indarto, S., M. Syafei, Praptisih & S. Djoehanah (1999)- Provenance study of shaly-sandy unit of Kembelengan Formation, Wamena, Irian Jaya. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 3, p. 75-82. (Upper Cretaceous Kembelangan sandstones in Wamena area, Central Range, 20-30 cm thick and thinning upward. Petrography shows quartz (58-70%), clay (10-12%), feldspar (6-8%), calcite, muscovite (3-7%), glauconite, and is classified as quartz wacke of recycled orogen provenance) Insley, M. & M. Tocher (1999)- Comparison of field development in the frontal regions of the fold and thrust belts of PNG/Irian Jaya and Pakistan. In: C.A.Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 225-236. Jablonski, D. (2007)- Geology and exploration potential of the offshore S.W. Bintuni Basin, Semai-Gorong Basin, Eastern Indonesia. Presentation SEAPEX Conf., Singapore 2007, 2 p. (Abstract only. No wells in SW Bintuni Basin, but large structures. Three provinces: Seram Thrust Belt in W, Seram Trough in centre and Seram Fold Belt in E. Area underlain by older extensional regime, overprinted by latest Miocene-Recent compressional pulses, younging to NE. W part of area imbricate thrusts, E area gentle folds. Source rocks may include Permian paralic shales and coals, M-U Triassic restricted marine claystones, and L-M Jurassic paralic coals and clays. Plays: (1) Paleozoic rift fault blocks, (2) Triassic limestone buildups, (3) Triassic-M Jurassic rift fault blocks, (4) Callovian-Oxfordian fractured limestone, (5) Upper Cretaceous- Lower Tertiary sandstones associated with M Palaeocene Coral Sea rifting, (6) Miocene build-ups (Kais Fm- equivalent); (7) Imbricate thrusts in Seram Thrust Belt and (8) Gentle folds in Seram Fold Belt in E) Jongmans, W.J. (1940)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Karbonflora von Niederlandisch Neu Guinea. Meded. Geol. Stichting 1938-1939, p. 263-274. ('Contributions to the knowledge of the Carboniferous flora of Netherlands New Guinea'. Description of Permo mixed ‘Cathaysian’ Gigantopteris flora and Gondwanan 'Glossopteris' fauna in Central range foothills. (Originally believed to be Late Carboniferous, but regarded as Permian by Visser & Hermes (1962) and believed to be Late Permian by McLoughlin (1993), based on correlation with Bowen Basin; HvG) Jongmans, W.J. (1941)- Elementen der Glossopteris flora in het Carboon van Nieuw Guinea. Handel. 28e Nederl. Natuurk. Geneesk. Congr. C, p. 267-271. ('Elements of the Glossopteris flora in the Carboniferous of New Guinea'. Occurrence in S Papua of Carboniferous-Permian flora with mixed Gondwanan (Glossopteris) and Asian (Cathaysian) species) Jordan, L. (1931)- Foraminifera from the Pliocene of New Guinea. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Geology, Massachussets Inst. Techn., p. .


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Kambu, Y. & W. Permana (2008)- Permian- Cretaceous hydrocarbon prospectivity at Berau- Papua. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IP08-SG-080, 9p. (Small Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous paleogeographic maps of Berau area, offshore S side Birds Head, most of them showing NW-SE trending facies belts, becoming more marine to SW) Katchan, G. (1982)- Mineralogy and geochemistry of Ertsberg (Gunung Bijih) and Ertsberg East (Gunung Bijih Timur) skarns, Irian Jaya, Indonesia and the Ok Tedi skarns, Papua New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sydney, NSW, p. 1-498. Kato, M., D. Sundari & S.K. Skwarko (1999)- First description of Carboniferous corals from Western Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 9, p. 9-41. (Two new species of rugose corals from central Birds Head float samples in area of Aimau Fm and Aifat mudstone outcrops reportedly suggest Late Carboniferous age and Eurasian affinity) Keho, T. & D. Samsu (2002)- Depth conversion of Tangguh gas fields. The Leading Edge 21, 10, p. 966-971. (Depth maps for Top Kais Lst and Base Cretaceous. Adding the well-derived Late Jurassic shale isopach to seismically derived Base Cretaceous depth map created the Top Roabiba Reservoir Sand depth map. ) Kemmerling, G.L.L. (1919)- Die Geologie von Niederlandisch Neu-Guinea. Handelingen 1st Ned. Ind. Natuurwet. Congr., Batavia 1919, p. 230-237. (‘The geology of Netherlands New Guinea’) Kemmerling, G.L.L. (1928)- Eenige jaren mijnbouwkundig-geologische exploratie op Nederlandsch Nieuw Guinea. Jaarboek Mijnbouwk. Vereen. Delft, 1926-1928, p. 166-204. ('A few years of mining-geological exploration on Netherlands New Guinea'. Review of 1917-1922 expeditions, of which very little was published elsewhere) Kendrick, R.D. (2000)- Structure, tectonics and thermochronology of the Irian Jaya fold belt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis La Trobe Univ., Melbourne, 379p. Kendrick, R.D. & K.C. Hill (2002)- Hydrocarbon play concepts for the Irian Jaya fold belt. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 353-367. (Irian Jaya foldbelt common oil shows and two non-commercial discoveries. Three new play concepts proposed: young structures in foreland, Ekmai sst in thrust contact with Miocene marls, inverted Paleozoic rifts in western foldbelt. Central Range foldbelt cooling ages 10-12 Ma)) Kendrick, R.D., K.C. Hill, S.W. McFall, Meizarwin, A. Duncan, E. Syafron & B.H. Harahap (2003)- The East Arguni Block: hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Northern Lengguru foldbelt, West Papua. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 467-483. Kendrick, R.D., K.C. Hill, P.B. O'Sullivan, K. Lumbanbatu & I. Saefudin (1997)- Mesozoic to Recent thermal history and basement tectonics of the Irian Jaya fold belt and Arafura platform, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australia Conf., Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 301-306. (Lengguru foldbelt wells Suga 1 and Kamakawala 1 poor quality Cretaceous- Paleocene reservoir sands. Zircons? suggest 2 source terranes for U Cretaceous Ekmai sands: from N (Silurian- Devonian Kemum Terrane) in N Lengguru (E Arguni Block outcrops), from S in S Oeta 1 well, with mainly M Cretaceous and Triassic ZFT grain ages. Irian Jaya foldbelt deformation- cooling started in M Miocene, earlier than PNG) Kendrick, R.D., K.C. Hill, K. Parris, I. Saeffudin & P.B. O’Sullivan (1995)- Timing and style of regional deformation in the Irian Jaya foldbelt. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 249-261. (Apatite fission track analyses from W Irian foldbelt indicate two cooling events related to tectonic uplift: ~2025 Ma and 2-5 Ma. NE-SW trending lineaments, at a high angle to the trend of thrust belt may be deep-seated


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basement structures. From PNG border in E to Weyland overthrust in W, lateral changes in Late Permian- M Jurassic sequence indicate transition from granites and high-grade metamorphics to widespread clastic graben-fill deposits and corresponds to change in trend in thrust belt from WNW to E-W at approximately 139° E. Pre-existing extensional faults influenced initiation of basement inversion, and may have acted as lateral ramps to compartmentalize inverted blocks and separate them from areas of thin-skinned thrusting) Keijzer, F.G. (1941)- Fossielen van het Palaeozoicum van Zuidelijk Centraal Nieuw-Guinea. Handelingen 28e Nederl. Natuur en Geneesk. Congres, Utrecht, 4, p. 271-272. ('Fossils from the Paleozoic of South Central New Guinea'. Summary of macrofossils reported from >1500m thick Paleozoic section. Includes Devonian-to Permian brachiopods and rugose and tabulate corals of Silurian (Halysites), Devonian (Heliolites, Favosites, Cyatophyllum, etc.) and Permian (Lonsdaleia) ages) Kobayashi, T. & C.K. Burton (1971)- Discovery of ellesmereoceroid cephalopods in Irian, New Guinea. Proc. Japanese Academy 47, 7, p. 625-630. (online at http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (Orthoconic cephalopods from dark shales that look like Jurassic Kembelangan Fm in Star Mountains near PNG border, collected by Kennecott. Look like E-M Ordovician nautiloids and may be from Kariem Fm. If correct, these are oldest fossils known from Indonesia. Propose new genus-species name Irianoceras antiquum) Kochem, E.J. (1976)- Diagenesis of the subsurface Miocene pinnacle reefs of Irian Jaya, Indonesia; a petrographic study. Masters Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, p. 1-106. Koesoemadinata, R.P. (1976)- Tertiary carbonate sedimentation in Irian Jaya with special reference to the northern part of the Bintuni Basin. Proc. Carbonate Seminar Jakarta 1976, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 79-92. (Summary of well and outcrop work in Birds Head. Two main Miocene carbonate platforms in New Guinea: Arafura and Ayumara in Birds Head) Koopmans, B.N. (1986)- Satellite radar interpretation of the Bintuni Basin area, Eastern Vogelkop Peninsula, West Irian, Indonesia. Geol. Mijnbouw 65, 3, p. 197-204. Koswara, A. (1996)- Lithostratigrafi daerah Taritau, Pegunungan Tengah, Irian Jaya berdasarakan penafsiran citra radar. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC) 6, 56, p. ('Lithostratigraphy of the Taritau area, Irian Jaya Central Range, based on radar imagery') Krause, D.C. (1965)- Submarine geology North of New Guinea. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 76, p. 27-42. Kruizinga, P. (1957)- Palaeozoische lei aan de Wesan Rivier op Nieuw Guinea? Nova Guinea, E.J. Brill, Leiden, new ser. 8, 1-2, p. 1-4. (Highly folded phyllitic rock collected by Bemelmans in 1955 just N of mouth of Wesan River, NW Birds Head. Contains molds of Orthoceras-like fossils, suggesting Paleozoic age. East of this locality different, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) folded shale with Inoceramus and Belemnopsis. Rocks look different from Silurian lowmetamorphic graptolite shale from Kamundan in C Birds Head) Kusnama (2008)- Stratigrafi daerah Timika dan sekitarnya, Papua. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 18, 4, p. 205-222. ('Statigraphy of the Timika area, Papua'. Another description of Timika- Tembagapura road section, W Central Range foothills. Precambrian Nerewip Fm pillow lava and basalt with foliated meta-sediments unconformably overlain by Precambrian-Cambrian Otomona Fm slate and sandstone. Overlain unconformably by Ordovician? Tuaba Fm sst and red mudstone. Siluro-Devonian Modio Fm dolomite and clastics unconformably overlain by Permian Aiduna Fm shallow marine- deltaic sst, carbonaceous mudstone, with calcarenite and coal beds. Triassic- E Jurassic Tipuma Fm red beds unconformably overlain by M Jurassic- Cretaceous Kembelangan Gp quartz sst and mudstone with ammonites. Paleocene- E Miocene New Guinea Lst overlain by Late MiocenePliocene Buru Fm clastics) Kusnama & H. Panggabean (1998)- Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the Beoga area, Central Range, Irian Jaya. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. (Bandung), 8, 83, p.2-10.


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Kyle, J.R., A.S. Mote & R.A. Ketcham (2008)- High-resolution X-ray computed tomography studies of Grasberg porphyry Cu-Au ores, Papua, Indonesia. Mineralium Deposita 43, 5, p. 519-532. Lacey, W.S. (1975)- Some problems of ‘mixed’ floras in the Permian of Gondwanaland. In: K.S.W. Campbell (ed.) Gondwana Geology, Australian Nat. Univ., Canberra, p. 125-134. Lambert, A.L. (2008)- Petrology of the southwest margin of the Grasberg igneous complex, Papua, Indonesia. Masters Thesis, Univ. of Texas at Austin, 398p. (3 Ma Grasberg Igneous Complex super-giant porphyry copper-gold deposit shallowly emplaced into folded and faulted limestones as young as Late Miocene. The Heavy Sulfide Zone is pyrite-rich shell surrounding complex, and grades into Marginal Breccia. Initial Dalam intrusion phase generated ~5 m of skarn) Lasarimba, D.S Djohor & B Bensaman (2008)- Penentuan batuan batupasir Formasi Sirga pada tambabg terbuka Grasberg, Kec. Tembagapura, Kab. Mimika, Provinsi Papua. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 654-677. ('Sirga Fm sandstone provenance analysis on Grasberg open pit, Tembagapura, Mimika District, Papua province'. Measured sections of mid-Oligocene Sirga Fm from Grasberg mine area and in cores. Thickness ~10-31m?. Samples are lithic arenite, feldspathic wacke and lithic wacke. Provenance interpreted as 'recycled orogen'. Transport directions from S to N suggested by intercalated claystone in N of study area) Lelono, E.B. (2008)- Pleistocene palynology of the Waipona Basin, Papua. LEMIGAS Scient. Contr. 31, 2, p. 7-18. Lelono, E.B., M. Firdaus & T. Bambang S.R. (2010)- Palaeoenvironments of the Permian- Cretaceous sediments of the Bintuni Bay, Papua. Lemigas Scient. Contr. 33, 1, p. 71-83. (online at: http://www.lemigas.esdm.go.id/en/semua-scientific.html) (Paleoenvironments of Late Permian-Cretaceous of Bintuni Bay: Permian-Triassic Ainim Fm non-marine (shale primary gas source rock for area). E Jurassic non-deposition. M Jurassic Lower Kembelangan Fm fluvial sandstone (main reservoir). Overlain by Late Jurassic deeper marine shale. E Cretaceous absent, suggesting erosion. Late Cretaceous Jass Fm deep marine shale. With paleogeographic maps) Le Roux, C.C.F.M. (1926)- Expeditie naar het Nassau-gebergte in Centraal Noord Nieuw Guinee. Tijdschrift Bataviaasch Genootschap voor Kunst en Wetenschappen 66, p. 447-513. ('Expedition to the Nassau Mts in central North New Guinea'. On the 1926 Dutch-American ‘Stirling’ N New Guinea ethnographic expedition up Mamberamo- Rouffaer rivers and into Central Range. Not sure how much geology) Ling, H.Y. & R. Hall (1995)- Note on an age of the basal sedimentary sequence of Waigeo Island, eastern Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, p. 53-57. (Basal sedimentary unit on Waigeo has late Middle Eocene radiolarian assemblage on ?Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous ophiolite complex) Ling, H.Y., R. Hall & G.J. Nichols (1991)- Early Eocene radiolaria from Waigeo Island. Eastern Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 299-305. (Well-preserved Early Eocene radiolarian assemblages confirms presence of Eocene marine sediments on Waigeo Island, NW of Birds Head) Livingstone, H.J. (1992)- Hydrocarbon source and migration, Salawati Basin, Irian Jaya. In: Eastern Indonesia Exploration Symposium, Simon Petroleum Technology/Pertamina, p. Livingstone, H.J., B.W. Sincock, A.M. Syarief, Sriwidadi & J.N. Wilson (1992)- Comparison of Walio and Kasim Reefs, Salawati Basin, Western Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: C.T. Siemers et al. (eds) Carbonate rocks and reservoirs of Indonesia: a core workshop, Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Core Workshop Notes 1, p .4/1- 4/40.


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(Kasim and Walio fields reservoirs Miocene Kais Fm reefal carbonates. Walio field producing 98.5% water, Kasim 99.4% water. Walio on N rim of extensive carbonate bank or shelf, Kasim part of elongate pinnacle reef complex. Reservoir rocks mainly of skeletal/coral wackestones and packstones Dolomite commonly replaced original argillaceous mud matrix; on reef flanks much of original texture destroyed. Porosity mainly from leaching of aragonitic fragments. Reservoirs highly stratified and divided into five units) Lloyd, A.R. (1994)- A review of the geology, biostratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of Irian Jaya. Unpublished study, Alan R. Lloyd and Associates, Duncraig, 630p. (Unpublished) Lootens, D.J. (ed.) (1972)- P.T. Kennecott Indonesia final report on Irian Barat reconnaissance (Blocks 8, 9, 10). Unpubl. Report, 41p. (Unpublished) Loth, J.E. (1925)- Verslag over de geologische-mijnbouwkundige verkenning van West Nieuw Guinea. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 53 (1924), p. 114-147. (‘Geological-mining reconnaissance of W New Guinea’ Geologic survey of Birds Head/ Bintuni Basin area, with investigation of oil seeps and coal occurrence, etc.) Luck, R.B. B. Sapiie & M. Cloos (1999)- Pull-apart history for emplacement of the Grasberg igneous complex, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Soc. America 1999 Ann. Mtg., Abstracts with Programs 31, 7, p. 92-93. (Abstract only. Granodioritic Grasberg Igneous Complex three-phase intrusion with major copper and gold reserves. Early Dalam intrusive phase can not be dated. Main Grasberg Intrusive and Late Kali Intrusive phases Ar isotopic ages of ~3 Ma. Ten-step cross-sectional model for GIC emplacement. Tens of km of regional shortening followed by few km of left-lateral displacement contemporaneous with GIC intrusion in pull-apart between two strike-slip faults. Model does not require stratovolcano for copper-porphyry formation) Lumbanbatu, K. (1998)- Zircon fission track dating of the Arafura platform and Central Range up-thrust zone, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC, Bandung) 8, 87, p. 14-36. Lunt, P. & R. Djaafar (1991)- Aspects of the stratigraphy of Western Irian Jaya and implications for the development of sandy facies. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 107-124. (Stratigraphic observations on W New Guinea. Permian fusulinid distribution and Gondwanan- Cathaysian plants, etc., Late Cretaceous (Late Turonian- E Santonian) oceanographic event towards more calcareous deep marine deposits, Late Cretaceous volcanism of Birds Head, etc.) MacDonald, G.D. & L.C. Arnold (1994)- Geological and geochemical zoning of the Grasberg Igneous Complex, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. J. Geochem. Explor. 50, 1-3, p 143-178. (Grasberg Igneous Complex is high grade porphyry Cu-Au deposit in central highlands of New Guinea. Mineralization confined to intrusive rocks emplaced in tightly folded Tertiary carbonates. Mineralization extends from surface at 4,200 m elevation to deepest drill penetrations at 2,700 m elevation. Two-three distinct intrusion stages produced two porphyry orebodies with different mineralization as well as sulfide-rich skarn at margin of igneous complex. Intrusives and mineralization radiometrically dated at 2.7-3.3 Ma. Malensek, G.A. (1997)- Economic evaluation of the Wanagon gold deposit, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 142 p. (Low grade pyrite-gold mineralization at Wanagon near Ertsberg, Irian Jaya, in hornfelsed, altered Cretaceous Kembelangan Gp siliciclastic rocks, near contact with Tertiary New Guinea Limestone. Deposit ~300 m long, up to 200 m wide and 300 m deep. Origin of the deposit is unclear but characteristics of calcic gold skarn) Marcou, J.A., D. Samsu, A. Kasim et al. (2004)- Tangguh LNG’s gas resource: discovery, appraisal and certification. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 159-176. (Tangguh complex 6 gas fields: Vorwata, Wiriagar deep, Roabiba, Ofaweri, Ubadari and WOS. Proven 1998 reserves 14.4 TCF, may grow to 24 TCF. 77% of gas in high-quality M Jurassic sst (av. porosity 12.3%, perm


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250 mD), rest in in lesser-quality Paleocene turbidite sst (porosity 11-14.5%, perm 2-30 mD). Well data from Wiriagar Deep 1,2,5,7 and Vorwata 2 wells) Martin, B.A. & S.J. Cawley (1991)- Onshore and offshore petroleum seepage: contrasting a conventional study in Papua New Guinea and airborne laser fluorosensing over the Arafura Sea. Australian Petrol. Expl. Assoc. (APEA) J. 31, p. 333- 353. (Onshore seeps in PNG Aure Thrust Belt mapped with use of local people. Analyses suggest oil-prone source rock of probable Jurassic age. Seeping petroleum liquids are gas condensates in subsurface, and in this uplifted region likely from accumulations only. Offshore Airborne Laser Fluorosensor (ALF) data over W Arafura Sea indicate active oil seepage. Distribution compatible with understanding of subsurface Palaeozoic- Mesozoic source kitchens. Goulburn Graben seepage likely from Palaeozoic-(?)Triassic (with possible contribution from other Mesozoic sources), and migrating through largely unfaulted Mesozoic seal. Evidence for liquid petroleum seepage from Mesozoic in Calder Graben via faults through regional seal along Lynedoch Bank Fault System) Martin, K. (1881)- Eine Tertiarfauna van Neu-Guinea und benachbarter Inseln. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmuseum Leiden, ser. I, 1, p. 65-83. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen 1882, Wetensch. Ged., p. 137-156) (‘A Tertiary fauna from New Guinea and adjacent islands’. Descriptions of Tertiary fossils from W Papua, Kur, Kai Besar and Aru islands) Martin, K. (1911)- Palaeozoische, Mesozoische und Kaenozoische Sedimente aus dem sudwestlichen NeuGuinea. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, ser. I, 9, 1, p. 84-107. (Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossils from foothills from SW New Guinea expeditions 1907-1909. Brief review of fossils collected in foothills South of Central Range by Heldring. Flanks of Wilhelmina (=Trikora) peak composed of Eocene Nummulites and Alveolina limestones. Float in Setakwa (Otakwa) river with Mesozoic limestone with ammonite (Coeloceras?), and Eocene Lacazina limestone. In Noordwest River hard quartz sandstone with brachiopods Rhynconella and Spiriferina (Permian?). In Noord/ Lorentz River Paleozoic grey limestone with trilobite fragments, also blue gray rock with orthoceratid, probably Actinoceras. In B-River (upper tributary of Eilanden R.) Jurassic ammonites (Macrocephalites?), belemnites, also Eocene Nummulites and Alveolina limestones, E Miocene Lepidocylina limestone, etc. No plates.) Martodjojo, S., D. Sudradjat, E. Subandrio & A. Lukman (1975)- The geology and stratigraphy along the roadcut Tembagapura, Irian Jaya (Indonesia). Inst. Tekn. Bandung, Unpubl. Rept., 51p. (First description of Paleozoic- Mesozoic stratigraphy along newly built road from Tembagapura town to Freeport Ertsberg mine. Stratigraphic interpretation revised by Oliver et al. 1995) Masduki, D. & H. Sugiharto (1993)- The geology and hydrocarbon aspects of the frontier Central Range of Irian Jaya. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 627-637. (Primarily summary of Esso 1991 field survey in Central Range) Masria, M., N. Ratman& K. Suwitodirdjo (1981)- Geology of the Biak Quadrangle, Irian Jaya, Explanatory notes and geological Map, 1:250,000, Biak Sheet, Quadrangle 3115, Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, 10 p. Mathur R., J. Ruiz, S. Titley, S. Gibbins & W. Margotomo (2000)- Different crustal sources for Au-rich and Au-poor ores of the Grasberg Cu-Au porphyry deposit. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 183, 1-2, p. 7-14. (Grasberg is porphyry copper deposit, cut by second stage mineralization enriched in gold. Porphyry-type event 2.9 Ma age and crustal component for source of base metals. Secondary event different crustal sources for oreforming elements and suggest gold may be derived from sedimentary protoliths) Mathur, R, S. Titley, J. Ruiz, S. Gibbins& K. Friehauf (2005)- A Re-Os isotope study of sedimentary rocks and copper-gold ores from the Ertsberg District, West Papua, Indonesia. Ore Geology Rev. 26, p. 207-226. (Ertsberg orebody is copper-gold, roof-pendant of sedimentary strata in diorite. Grasberg and Kucing Liar molybdenites mineralization ages of 2.88 and 3.01 Ma, Ertsberg Molybdenite younger age of 2.54 Ma, similar to Ar chronologies of Pollard and Taylor (2000))


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Matsuda, F., Y. Indra, D. DesAutels & B.Y. Chua (2002)- Integration of geological and geophysical data to reconstruct depositional models of Miocene carbonate reservoirs from Southeast Asia. AAPG Ann. Conv. Abstracts. (Reservoir section in Miocene Upper Kais Fm in E Walio field, Irian Jaya, subdivided into seven shallowing upward cycles. In lower four cycles, reef cores developed in N and E to SE margins, and back reef environment developed in central and W part. In upper three cycles, reef cores present in S area and Walio Reef backstepped in N part. Reservoir section of F6 field was subdivided into lower, middle and upper units) Matsuda, F., Y. Matsuda, M. Saito, R. Iwahashi, Y. Indra, and D. DesAutels (1997)- A computer simulation for the reconstruction of the carbonate sedimentary process in the Miocene Kais Formation, eastern Indonesia. Proc. ASCOPE ’97 Conf., 1, p. 79-98. Matsuda, F., Y. Matsuda, M. Saito & R. Iwahashi (1999)- A computer simulation model facies-3D for the reconstruction of the carbonate sedimentary process. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 407-415. (Simulation study of Upper Kais Fm reefal carbonates in, Walio Field, Salawati Basin. Upper Kais interpreted to be deposited during a third-order cycle (5.5-4.2 Ma. Eight carbonate facies. Simulation describes backstepping and facies change at major flooding events) Matsuda, F., M. Saito, R. Iwahashi, H. Oda, Y. Indra & D. DesAutels (2000)- Facies 3D- a computer simulation model for reconstruction of sedimentary processes: a case study for Miocene carbonate reservoirs. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 653-661. (Simulation model of Upper Miocene reefal carbonate reservoirs of Kais Fm in Walio Field, Salawati Basin) McAdoo, R.L. & J.C. Haebig (1999)- Tectonic elements of the North Irian Basin. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p.545-562. (Waropen Basin between C Ranges and New Guinea Trench forearc basin and one or two subduction-related accretionary prisms. Subduction stopped and relative plate motion now oblique. Plate boundary is sinistral Yapen Fault Zone, on mainland a line of mud volcanoes, extending W along N coast of Yapen Island and may connect to Sorong Fault system. N Irian Basin >25,000’ Tertiary sediments in Waropen, Teer River, Waipoga and Meervlakte intermontane sub-basin depocenters. Rapid subsidence created asymmetric basin fills dominated by turbidites. Potential reservoir distribution problematical with good quality turbidite reservoirs near margins. Large reef complexes evident. Terrigenous-derived kerogens serve as potential petroleum source. Low thermal gradient of 1.67° F/100’. Since 1950's, 12 wells drilled, resulting in two gas and one gas/oil discoveries. Four wells abandoned before reaching target due to overpressure) McCaffrey, R. & G.A. Abers (1991)- Orogeny in arc-continent collision; the Banda Arc and western New Guinea. Geology 19, 6, p. 563-566. McConachie, B., H. King & M. Keyang (2000)- Old fault controlled foldbelt structures and the petroleum systems of Warim in West Papua. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000 (Extended abstract) (Series of NW-SE trending “3KB trend” faults cross-cutting foldbelt, variously active in Triassic-Jurassic, Oligocene and Plio-Pleistocene; summary of Conoco Warim Block exploration) McConachie, B., E. Lanzilli, D. Kendrick & C. Burge (2000)- Extensions of the Papuan basin foreland into Eastern Irian Jaya (West Papua) and the New Guinea foldbelt in Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s Petroleum Industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 219- 237. McCue, K.F. (1987)-The plate boundary North of Australia. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 827-830. (Epicenters of shallow earthquakes used to identify active seismic zones, signifying present-day plate boundaries, particularly across New Guinea)


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McDowell, F.W., T.P. McMahon, P.Q. Warren & M. Cloos (1996)- Pliocene Cu-Au-bearing igneous intrusions of the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) district, Irian Jaya, Indonesia: K-Ar geochronology. J. Geol. 104, p. 327-340. (Nine potassic intermediate intrusives in Ertsberg area, aged 2.6-4.4 Ma. Do not appear related to subduction. A more northerly Miocene belt (10-20 Ma; PNG Maramuni Arc and extension to W) does represent a subduction-related arc above a SW dipping Benioff zone) McMahon, T.P. (1994)- Pliocene intrusions of the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) mining district, Irian Jaya, Indonesia; petrography and mineral chemistry. Int. Geol. Rev. 36, 9, p. 820-849. (Part 1 of 2 papers) McMahon, T.P. (1994)- Pliocene intrusions of the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) mining district, Irian Jaya, Indonesia; major- and trace-element chemistry. Int. Geol. Rev. 36, 10, p. 925-946. McMahon, T.P. (1999)- The Ertsberg intrusion and the Grasberg Complex: contrasting styles of magmatic evolution and Cu-Au mineralization in the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) Mining District, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Jurusan Teknik Geologi, ITB, Buletin Geologi 31, 3, p. 123-132. McMahon, T.P. (2000)- Magmatism in an arc-continent collision zone: an example from Irian Jaya (western New Guinea), Indonesia. Jurusan Teknik Geologi, ITB, Buletin Geologi 32, 1, p. 1-22. McMahon, T.P. (2000)- Origin of syn- to post-collisional magmatism in New Guinea. Jurusan Teknik Geologi, ITB, Buletin Geologi 32, 2, p. 89-104. McMahon T.P. (2001)- Origin of a collision-related ultrapotassic to calc-alkaline magmatic suite: the latest Miocene Minjauh volcanic field, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. (Inst. Tekn. Bandung) 33, p. 47-77. Mealey, G.A. (1996)- Grasberg. Mining the richest and most remote deposit of copper and gold in the world, in the mountains of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Freeport-McMoRan Inc., New Orleans, 370p. Meinert, L.D., K.H. Hefton, D. Mayes & I. Tasiran (1997)- Geology, zonation, and fluid evolution of the Big Gossan Cu-Au skarn deposit, Ertsberg District, Irian Jaya. Econ. Geol. 92, 5, p. 509-534. (Big Gossan Cu-Au skarn deposit highest grade copper deposit Ertsberg district. Mineralization associated with 3-4 Ma granodioritic dikes, intruded close to steep fault contact between shale of Cretaceous Ekmai Fm and overlying Paleo- Eocene Faumai Fm. Most mineralization in purer carbonate rocks of Waripi Fms) Meizarwin (2002)- Discovery and future exploration potential Tangguh gas fields, Bintuni Basin, PapuaIndonesia. In: Giant Field and New exploration concept seminar, IAGI, Jakarta 2002, p. 19-21. (Abstract only) Mertig, H.J., J.N. Rubin & J.R. Kyle (1994)- Skarn Cu-Au orebodies of the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) District, Irian Jaya, Indonesia: J. Geochem. Expl. 50, p. 179-202. (Ertsberg major Cu-Au skarn deposits products of hydrothermal systems associated with Pliocene magma emplacement. Orebodies in Cretaceous- Tertiary sedimentary sequence, deformed as Australian continental margin entered N-dipping subduction zone at 12 Ma. Intrusions K-Ar ages 2.7-4.4 Ma. Skarn orebodies in Tertiary New Guinea Limestone. Differences among skarn orebodies related to protolith composition. OligoMiocene Ainod Fm likely protolith for GB and Dom orebodies. GBT and upper IOZ orebodies probably hosted by Eocene Faumai Fm. DOZ and lower IOZ orebodies in dolomitic unit, probably Paleocene Waripi Fm) Miedema, J., C. Ode & R.A.C. Dam (eds.) Perspectives on the Bird’s Head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc Conference, Leiden 1997, Rodopi, Amsterdam, 982 p. (Includes sections on geology by Ratman and Dam) Milsom, J. (1991)- Gravity measurements and terrane tectonics in the New Guinea region. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 319-328.


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(Interpretation of gravity data in 7 areas of W Papua and PNG. In some areas gravity conforms to geological models like in Papuan Ultramafic belt. Others, like Weyland Terrane in W Papua more complicated, where Dow et al. (1986) is not compatible with gravity data. Main gravity high located over large M Miocene diorite batholith, possibly emplaced after overthrusting) Milsom, J., D. Masson, G. Nichols, N. Sikumbang, B. Dwiyanto, L. Parson & H. Kallagher (1992)- The Manokwari Trough and the western end of the New Guinea Trench. Tectonics 11, p. 145-153. (New Guinea Trench seafloor depression parallel to N coast of New Guinea for 700 km. W end lies 600 km E of Philippine Trench; intervening region series of N- trending ridges and troughs. Ayu Trough and Tobi and Mapia ridges most prominent. Trench marks site of subduction, but present-day activity disputed. W termination at ridge system culminating in Mapia Island. Trench with 1 km undisturbed sediments and S slopes extensively channeled, suggesting lack of recent deformation. 400 km W of W end of trench, N coast of New Guinea is flanked, at distance of only few tens of km, by deep trough. Sonar imagery of ‘Manokwari Trough’ suggests recent convergence and transcurrent movement. Trough and abrupt termination of New Guinea Trench are consequences of seafloor spreading in Ayu Trough after subduction ceased at trench) Moerman, C. (1908)- Verslag over een geologische verkenningstocht door het terrein beoosten der Etna Baai (19 Nov. 1904- 16 Febr. 1905). In: De Zuidwest Nieuw Guinea Expeditie van het Kon. Nederlands Aardrijksk. Genootschap 1904/5, Brill, Leiden, p. 401-416. (‘Report of a geological reconnaissance trip through the area East of Etna Bay 1904-1905’. SW New Guinea Expedition 1904-1905’. Etna Bay (Lahakia Bight), SE of Lengguru foldbelt, is surrounded by massive Eocene Discocyclina-Nummulites-alveolinid limestone, locally with andesite intrusions. Also quartz sandstones, probably underlying the limestones, and float of diorite and andesite. Area E of Etna Bay mainly dark slates, locally steeply dipping, with one deformed ammonite, possibly of Late Jurassic age according to G. Boehm (first record of Mesozoic in SW New Guinea)) Moffat, D.T., L.F. Henage, R.A. Brash et al. (1991)- Lengguru, Irian Jaya: prospect selection using field mapping, balanced cross-sections and gravity modeling. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 85-106. (Balanced cross-sections through Lengguru foldbelt. Plio-Pleistocene thrust-fold belt with inversion and noninversion imbricate thrust structures. External zone detached, ramp anticlines, dominantly thin-skinned and no basement-involvement. Sub-thrust extensional systems which offset basement suggested by regional gravity at boundary with internal zone. Platform carbonates of New Guinea Lst form competent unit. Internal zone closely spaced imbricates, many of which breached to Kembelangan Gp. Close thrust spacing reflects lithological change from platform to distal facies carbonates; boundary with external zone represents paleo-shelf margin) Moig, N.A.W. (1994)- High resolution aeromagnetics as an aid to structural interpretation over the Muturi PSC, Irian Jaya. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 417-438. (1993 'High Resolution' aeromagnetic survey allowed resolution of lineaments and domains in basement and sedimentary section. NE-SW and NW-SE trends fundamental structural elements controlling distribution of features in Mesozoic and younger sections) Molengraaff, G.J.H., G.A. Hermans & J.A.J. Kaptein (1959)- Rapport over het geologisch-mijnbouwkundig onderzoek van het eiland Salawati (Nieuw Guinea) in 1958. Report Technical Univ. Delft, p. (unpublished) (Report of geological-mining investigations of Salawati island. Part of series of late 1950’s survey reports of parts of Birds Head and nearby Salawati, Batanta and other islands by Molengraaff and TH Delft students) Monnier, C., J. Girardeau, M. Pubellier & H. Permana (2000)- L’ophiolite de la chaine centrale d’Irian Jaya (Indonesie): evidences petrologiques et geochimiques pour une origine dans un bassin arriere-arc. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, Series IIA, Earth Planet. Sci. 331, 11, p. 691-699. (Irian Jaya Central Range ophiolite belt with peridotites, gabbros, dolerites and basalts outcrops over 450 x 50 km area. Chemistry suggests it formed in backarc environment rather than oceanic domain. Probable age Jurassic; obduction age Tertiary, but exact age still to be determined)


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Monnier C., J. Girardeau, M. Pubellier, M. Polvé, H. Permana & H. Bellon (1999)- Petrology and geochemistry of the Cyclops ophiolites (Irian Jaya- East Indonesia): consequences for the evolution of the North Australian margin during Cenozoic. Mineralogy and Petrology 65, p. 1-28. (Cyclops Massif ophiolitic sequence with peridotites, gabbros, dolerites, mid-oceanic ridge basalts and minor boninitic lavas. Tectonically overlies high T-high P mafic rock, metamorphosed in E Miocene. Basalts and cumulate rocks typical of back-arc magmas. K/Ar ages from basalts (29 Ma) and boninites (43 Ma) combined with geochemical signatures indicate Cyclops Mts formed in single suprasubduction environment. This implies S-ward subduction of Australian oceanic lithosphere beneath N Australian margin. Ultramafic rocks and related lavas (boninites) likely formed in Eocene in forearc, before S-ward obduction onto island arc in E Miocene. Pliocene back-thrusting event led to slicing of backarc basin series onto arc and fore-arc sequences.) Montgomery, S.L. & J. Wold (2001)- E. Indonesian gas- 1: Irian Jaya's Waropen basin could hold more giant gas reserves. Oil and Gas J. 99, 25, p. 34-42. (NW New Guinea Waropen Basin up to 10 km mainly Plio-Pleistocene turbidite clastics. Proven gas potential in 1958 Niengo 1 gas test. Potential plays deep water sands and Miocene-Pliocene carbonates) Mujito (1994)- Hydrocarbon resource assessment of the Miocene carbonate play, Kepala Burung, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 29th Ann. Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Hanoi 1992, 2, p. 61-66. (Assessment of Miocene Kais carbonate buildups and platform play in Salawati and Bintuni basins. Remaining hydrocarbons in Salawati Basin 1.02 M Tons oil, 1.48 Gm3 gas, Bintuni 0.78 M Tons oil, 0.54 Gm3gas) Musper, K.A.F.R. (1938)- Over het voorkomen van Halysites wallichi Reed op Nieuw Guinea. De Ing. in Ned. Indie, IV Mijnbouw en Geologie, 5, 10, p. 156-158. ('On the occurrence of Halysites wallichi Reed on Nieuw Guinea'. Second record of tabulate coral Halysites since Teichert (1928), from limestone probably of Silurian age. Collected by Terpstra in pebbles of Penanggi River, a tributary of the Oesak R. in headwaters of Noord or Lorentz River of Central Range foothills) Nash, C., G. Artmont, M.L. Gillan, D. Lennie, G. O'Connor & K.R. Parris (1993)- Structure of the Irian Jaya mobile belt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Tectonics 12, p. 519-535. (Freeport paper on Irian Jaya Mobile belt/ Central Range. Seven structural domains, from N to S: (1) N Coast region: Tertiary volcanics and sediments overlain by Pliocene-Pleistocene successor basin (2) allochthonous terrane of ophiolites and high-grade metamorphics; (3) Derewo metamorphic assemblage, displaying polyphase deformation; (4) marginal zone within Mesozoic-Paleogene miogeoclinal sediments with steep duplex structures and remnant klippen; (5) 40-50 km-wide partly inverted synclinorium composed of miogeoclinal sediments; (6) regional S- vergent overturned anticlinorium formed by incompetent Paleozoic sediments; (7) foreland thrust domain involving both Mesozoic-Cenozoic miogeoclinal cover and deformed Neogene foreland molasse basin sequence. Late Oligocene-Miocene docking of metamorphics, island arc assemblages and ophiolites produced tectonically stacked E-W trending structures thrust onto N margin of Australian continent. Late Miocene-Pliocene collision with Melanesian Arc brought accreted Australian margin into contact with W-moving Pacific Plate and instituted regime of oblique transpression. Resulting structures E-W sinistral wrenching and NW thrusts along lateral E-W ramps) New, B.T.E. (2005)- Controls of copper and gold distribution in the Kucing Liar deposit, Ertsberg mining district, West Papua, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis James Cook University, Townsville, 235p. (Online at http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/2083) (Kucing Liar large sediment-hosted Cu-Au deposit in Ertsberg District in Central Ranges of W Papua. High sulphidation ore continuous with porphyry-skarn chalcopyrite, both formed from mixing of magmatic with meteoric waters in fault zone in calcareous shale and limestone adjacent to Grasberg Igneous Complex) Newton, R.Bullen (1916)- Notes on some organic limestones, etc., collected by the Wollaston expedition in Dutch New Guinea. In: Reports on the collections made by the British Ornithologists Union Expedition and the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea 1910-1913, 2, 20, p. 1-20.


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(Mainly on larger foraminifera from limestones collected by Wollaston Expedition in 1912-1913 along Utakwa River, on way to Carstensz Peaks. Dominated by Lepidocyclina spp (Nephroleidina and Eulepidina types) and Spiroclypeus (not Cycloclypeus; latest Oligocene- Early Miocene age; HvG). Also occurrence of Jurassic mollusk Ctenostreon cf. terquemi in pebbles of Utakwa River. With review of older paleontological literature of New Guinea) Nicoll, R.S. (2002)- Conodonts from Noordwest 1 and Cross Catalina 1, West Papua, Indonesia. Unpublished report. (Nicoll (2006): Late Cambrian or Early Ordovician conodonts in these 2 wells; presumably in carbonates) Nicoll, R.S. & G.M. Bladon (1991)- Silurian and Late Carboniferous conodonts from the Charles Louis Range and central Birds Head, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 12, 4, p. 279-286. (Conodonts from Modio Dolomite in Charles Louis Range probably Silurian age. Float samples of Birds Head Aimau Fm suggest Late Carboniferous age) Norvick, M.S. (2002)- The tectono-stratigraphic history of the northern margins of the Australian Plate from the Carnarvon Basin to Papua New Guinea. Western Australia basins Symposium 3, p. 963-964. (Set of stratigraphic diagrams used to describe tectonostratigraphy of N margins of Australian Plate. Selected chronostratigraphic transects for Barrow Sub-basin, Dampier Sub-basin, N Bonaparte-Timor island area, Bird’s Head-Seram region, Papuan Fold Belt and stratigraphic comparison for these basins) Nugrahanto, K., S.W. McFall & F. Estella (2001)- Submarine-fan deposition in the lower Steenkool formation, Bintuni Basin, Irian Jaya, Eastern Indonesia: 'deep-water reservoir potential?'. Proc. FOSI Deep-Water Sedimentation of Southeast Asia, Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum, Jakarta 2001, p. 66-84. Nuraeni, A., G.J. Schurter, Y. Supriyatna, Supriyono, B. Hornby & C. Erdemir (2008)- 3D VSP finitedifference modeling to address advance seismic imaging challenges in Bintuni Bay, Irian Jaya Barat. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA 08-G-061, 10p. (3D seismic modeling method to better image gas-bearing Paleocene turbiditic channel sands over Wiriagar Deep field, previously hard to see below thick karstified Oligo-Miocene carbonates. Channel complexes trend NW-SE, ~1km wide)) Nurzaman, Z.Z. & A. Pujianto (1994)- Geology and reservoir characterisation of Wiriagar Field as a diagenetic facies for reservoir stimulation. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 29-45. Nyoman Suta, I. & L. Silahi (1994)- The structurally trapped Matoa field and porosity distribution, Salawati Basin, Irian Jaya. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI) Ann. Conv. 23, p. 1128-1141. O’Connor, G.V., L. Soebari & S. Widodo (1994)- Upper Miocene- Pliocene magmatism of the Central Range Mobile Belt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc. 4th Asian Pacific Mining Conference, p. 1-27. O'Connor, G.V., L. Soebari & S.Widodo (1994)- Upper Miocene-Pliocene magmatism of the Central Range mobile belt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, 1, p. 316-333. (Major magmatic event in Central Range from 7.1- 2.6 Ma, possibly related to S-dipping subduction after Late Miocene arc reversal. Belt of calc-alkaline intrusions and volcanics extend from Etna Bay (134.5°) in the West to Ilaga in the E (138.0°) and includes the Grasberg porphyry copper. After ~4 Ma plate collision is taken up in large transform system with no currently active Benioff zone) O’Connor, G.V., W. Sunyoto, & L. Soebari (1999)- The discovery of the Wabu Ridge gold skarn, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: G. Weber (ed.) Proc PACRIM ‘99 Congress, Australasian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, p. 549-557. (Wabu Ridge Gold Skarn deposit identified in 1990 at elevations up to 3100m in Central Range, W Papua, 35 km NNW of Grasberg porphyry deposit. Mineralisation in skarn along S boundaries of Late Miocene Pagane intrusive monzonite-diorite. Intrusive complex in footwall of E-W Derewo fault with sinistral strike-slip and


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reverse fault movement. Derewo fault separates Derewo metamorphics to N from Australian craton platform sediments to S. Skarn area 6 x 1.5 km, in Tertiary New Guinea limestone group, dominated by prograde garnet) Oehlers, M. (2005)- Defining structural style using satellite imagery and DEM's: examples from the Bird's Head, Western Papua and the Masilah Basin, Yemen. Proc. SEAPEX 2005 Symposium. (ppt present.) (Promoting interpretation of satellite imagery and digital elevation models; pretty pictures, no new geology) Okal, E.A. (1999)- Historical seismicity and seismotectonic context of the great 1979 Yapen and 1996 Biak, Irian Jaya earthquakes. Pure Appl. Geophys. 154, 3-4, p. 633-675. (Relocations of >220 historical and recent earthquakes in NW Irian Jaya documents continuous activity on 420-km segment of Sorong Fault, with possible 330 km extension to W. Some activity on New Guinea Trench) Oliver, W.A., A.E.H. Peddler, R.E. Weiland & A. Quarles van Ufford (1995)- Middle Palaeozoic corals from the southern slope of the Central Ranges of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Alcheringa 19, p. 1-15. (First description of in-situ Late Devonian (Frasnian) rugose and tabulate colonial corals in uppermost part of ~1000m thick Silurian-Devonian Modio Fm, mainly along Timika- Ertsberg road. Genera include Scruttonia, Disphyllum and Haplothecia. Associated with brachiopods and stromatoporoids. Pre-Frasnian corals (Favosites, Lithophyllum, etc.) from stream cobbles at two localities. They indicate presence or former presence of more complete Middle Palaeozoic sequence than previously known in Irian Jaya) O’Sullivan, P.B., K.C. Hill, I. Saefudin & R.D. Kendrick (1995)- Mesozoic and Cenozoic thermal history of sedimentary rocks in the Bintuni Basin, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. IPA, p. 235-248. (Apatite fission track analyses of Permian-Pliocene from Rawarra-1X and Sebyar-1X wells in S Birds Head suggest rocks reached maximum paleotemperatures today) Pajot, E. & D. Dhont (2006)- Extension vs. compression in the Lengguru fold-and-thrust Belt (Papua New Guinea): from JERS SAR imagery mapping to 3D geologic modeling. 7th Middle East Geosc. Conf. Exh., AAPG Bull. 90 (Abstract only) (Lengguru fold-thrust belt radar images of SW part Bird's neck show compressional and extensional features. Compression during Plio-Quaternary. Broad (100 km wide) area of extension with normal faults forming horsts and grabens that mimic a fan-shaped feature extending from N10°E in NW to N85°E in SE. Extension may be associated with gravitational collapse in context of tectonic escape, with Banda Sea acting as free boundary.) Pandolfi, J.M. (1992)- A review of the tectonic history of New Guinea and its significance for marine biogeography. Proc. 7th Int. Coral Reef Symposium, Guam, p. 718-728. Panggabean, H. (1981)- Rembesan aspal di selatan Danau Tage, Irian Jaya. Geosurvey Newsl. 13, 24, p. 221223. (Asphalt-like seepage from S of Paniai Lake; could not be confirmed by Esso 1991 re-visit) Panggabean, H. (1989)- Tridanau di Pegunungan Nassau, Irian Jaya. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 13, p. 61-71. (also in 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 1981) (The three lakes of the Nassau Mountains of Irian Jaya (Paniai, Tage, Tigi). Formed with tectonic movements of Central Range in M Miocene) Panggabean, H., Amiruddin, Kusnama, K. Sutisna, R.L. Situmorang et al. (1995)- Geologic map of the Beoga sheet, Irian Jaya, scale 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung. (Map of northern part of Central range of West Papua. Large areas of Jurassic-Cretaceous Kembelangan Group, overlain by Derewo metamorphics (Early Oligocene?) and ultramafic (Late Cretaceous?) complex) Panggabean, H. & A.S. Hakim (1986)- Reservoir rock potential of the Palaeozoic- Mesozoic sandstone of the southern flank of the Central Range, Irian Jaya. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 461-476.


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(S flank of W Central Range stratigraphy and sandstones petrography. Up to 10km of Paleozoic-Tertiary sediment. Late Cretaceous Ekmai Fm rel.good reservoir, Woniwogi and Triassic Tipuma Fm marginal, and Permian Aiduna Fm marginal to poor reservoirs) Panggabean, H., S. Purnamaniningsih & E. Rusmana (1995)- Stratigraphy and palaeogeography of Irian Jaya during the Neogene. In: S. Nishimura et al. (eds.) Proc. 6th Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene stratigraphy and IGCP 355, Serpong, W. Java, 1995, p. 115-131. Panggabean, H. & N. Ratman (1991)- Tectonics of collision complex of Irian Jaya. In: Proc. Silver Jubilee Symposium on the Dynamics of Subduction and its Products, Yogyakarta 1991. Indon. Inst. Sciences (LIPI), p. 271-273. Panuju (2008)- The new approach for subdivision of Pleistocene nannoplankton zonation in Waipoga-Waropen Basin, Papua: case study of “T” well section. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 186-196. (Waipoga-Waropen Basin at N coast of W Papua with gas discoveries since 1958, but non-commercial. Up to 7500m of Plio-Pleistocene Mamberamo Fm turbiditic sediments. Quantitative nannoplankton investigation of onshore 'T' well interval 200-3160m showed good latest Pliocene-Pleistocene (NN18-NN19) assemblages. Pleistocene Zone NN19 subdivided into 9 subzones. Conmon reworked Cretaceous- Pliocene nannos) Panuju, M. Firdaus, Imam P., Ginanjar R, Iskandar F. & Buskamal (2010)- Zonasi biostratigrafi nanoplangton berumur Coniacian-Maastrichtian (Kapur Akhir), Cekungan Bintuni. Proc. 39th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-178, 16p. ('Coniacian- Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) nannoplankton zonation, Bintuni Basin'. Nannofossil zones CC12 (U Turonian)- CC26 (U Maastrichtian) recognized, based on samples from Bintuni Bay wells RBB-1, WD-4 and Birds Head Ainin River outcrop samples. Upper Cretaceous section presumably unconformable on M-L Jurassic) Paterson, J.T. & M. Cloos (2005)- Grasberg porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Papua, Indonesia: 1. Magmatic history. In: T.M. Porter (ed.) Super porphyry copper and gold deposits: a global perspective. PGC Publishing, Adelaide, p. 321-345. Paterson, J.T. & M. Cloos (2005)- Grasberg porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Papua, Indonesia: 2. Pervasive hydrothermal alteration. In: T.M. Porter (ed.) Super porphyry copper and gold deposits: a global perspective. PGC Publishing, Adelaide, p. 303-319. Pennington, J.B. (1995)- Geology of the access road to the Ertsberg (Gunung Bijih) Mining District, Irian Jaya. In: D. Mayes & P.J. Pollard (eds.) Geology and copper-gold deposits of the Ertsberg (Gunung Bijih) Mining District, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, 17th Int. Geochemical Exploration Symposium, James Cook University EGRU Contr. 53, p. 44-63. (Brief overview of stratigraphy along Timika- Tembagapura road: Precambrian sediments and basic pillow lavas, Cambrian- Ordovician clastics, Devonian Modio Fm carbonates (~1800m dolomites capped by coral limestone), Permian Aiduna Fm (~1200m; deltaic clastics, coal, thin limestone), Triassic or E-M Jurassic Tipuma Fm fluvial redbeds, M Jurassic- Upper Cretaceous Kembelangan Fm (~1900m), Tertiary New Guinea Limestone Group ) Pennington J. & I. Kavalieris (1997)- New advances in the understanding of the Grasberg copper-gold porphyry system, Iran Jaya, Indonesia. In: Pacific treasure trove- copper-gold deposits of the Pacific Rim, Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada, Toronto, p. 79-97. Perkins, T.W. & A.R. Livsey (1993)- Geology of the Jurassic gas discoveries in Bintuni Bay, western Irian Jaya. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 793-830. (Roabiba-1 1990 tested 23.6 MCFD from M Jurassic sandstone. Two more Jurassic gas discoveries in 1992. Gas in NW-trending anticlines formed by Late Miocene and younger compression and wrench faulting.


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Reservoirs Jurassic fluvio-deltaic sandstones, deposited in E-W belt through Bintuni Bay. Low porosity due to quartz overgrowth cement. Gas-condensate in Jurassic reservoirs most likely from Permian- Jurassic source dominated by nonmarine kerogen. Tertiary source rocks dominated by marine algal sapropel and oil prone. Oils in New Guinea Lst from Tertiary source, with possible exception of Wiriagar. Present day kitchen areas for pre-Tertiary source in Bintuni and Berau Basins. Gas migrated NW along regional anticlines from deep SE Bintuni Basin in last five million years) Permana, H. (1998)- Dynamique de la mise en place des ophiolites d’Irian Jaya (Indonesie), cas des Cyclops, de la Haute Chaine Centrale et des Weylands. Doct. Thesis Univ. Nantes, 314 p. (‘Dynamics of ophiolite emplacement in Irian Jaya: Cyclops, Central Range and Weyland’. Thery et al. 1999: 40 Ma amphibolite sole of ophiolite N of Cyclops ?) Permana, H., J. Girardeau, M. Pubellier, R. Soeria-Atmadja & C. Monnier (2005)- Emplacement mechanism of the Cyclop Ophiolite, Western Papua (Indonesia). Majalah Geol. Indon. 20, 2, Spec. Ed., p. 103-115. (Cyclop Mts mainly metamorphic rocks, overlain by peridotites and volcanics. Metamorphism of arc volcanic and MORB oceanic protoliths during S-SW obduction of forearc peridotite, probably at 25-20 Ma. Lithospheric thickening linked to overthrusting and closing of backarc system to N-NW on obducted peridotite and metamorphic rocks, probably at 14 Ma. Followed by thinning and uplift of metamorphic rocks) Permana, H., E. Soebowo & Kamtono (1992)- Preliminary study on the proposed road trace Wamena- Habema Lake- Kuyawage, Irian Jaya. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 803-814. Permana, H., R. Soeria Atmadja, J. Girardeau, M. Pubellier, C. Monnier & H. Bellon (2000)- Metamorphism and deformation in plate convergence: case studies from West Papua (Irian Jaya), Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 2000, p. (Pubellier & Ego (2002): metamorphic rocks along W coast Cenderawasih Bay between 7 and 4.4 Ma) Permana, H., R. Soeria-Atmadja, J. Girardeau, M. Pubellier, C. Monnier & H. Bellon (2005)- Weyland Ophiolite of Nabire District, Western Papua, Eastern Indonesia: origin and tectonic consequences. Majalah Geol. Indon. 20, 2, Spec. Ed., Aug. 2005, p. 90-102. (Dismembered Weyland Ophiolite Complex chemistry suggestive of subduction arc magmatism. Oldest K-Ar age of altered gabbro 57-51 Ma. Cut by M Eocene- Oligocene dikes with K-Ar ages 42.5- 32.9 Ma, giving minimum age of ophiolite. One 30 Ma K-Ar age may be age of metamorphism. Younger K-Ar ages (16.3-12.4 Ma) reflect metamorphism from Utawa diorite intrusions. WOC can not be linked to Jurassic ophiolite of Central Range and may correlate with Auwewa volcanics/ Sepik arc or with Cyclops Mts ophiolite) Permana, H., Suharyanto, A. Soebandrio & R. Soeria Atmadja (1999)- Evidence of Cenozoic tectonics: implication to basement evolution and configuration of the northern part of Irian Jaya. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 33-42. Peterson J.A. (1982)- Limestone pedestals and denudation estimates from Mt. Jaya, Irian Jaya. Australian Geographer 15; 3, p. 170-173. Petocz, R.G. (1989)- Conservation and development in Irian Jaya, a strategy for rational resource utilization. E.J. Brill, Leiden, 218 p. Petroconsultants (1990)- Bintuni- Salawati basins. Southeast Asia Basin Opportunities XII, 68p. (Unpublished) Phoa, R.S.K. & L. Samuel, L. (1986)- Problems of source rock identification in the Salawati Basin, Irian Jaya. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 405-421. (Salawati basin oils similar and sourced from kerogen rich in fresh-brackish water algae and higher plants with significant marine type II, sulphur-rich kerogen. Miocene marine Klasafet and Klamogun shales and arbonates were regarded as source rocks for Miocene Kais Fm reefs oils, but possibly more than one source)


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Pieters, P.E. (1982)- Geology of New Guinea. In: J.L. Gressitt (ed.) Biogeography and ecology of New Guinea. Dr. W. Junk Publ., The Hague, 1, 1, p. 15-38. Pieters, P.E., A.S. Hakim & S. Atmawinata (1990)- Geology of the Ransiki Sheet area, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 81 p. Pieters, P.E., U. Hartono & C. Amri (1989)- Geology of the Mar sheet, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Pieters, P.E., C.J. Pigram, D.S. Trail, D.B. Dow, N. Ratman & R. Sukamto (1983)- The stratigraphy of western Irian Jaya. Proc. 12th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 229-261. (Stratigraphic columns across W New Guinea from Birds Head- Misool East to 136° E. Grouped into three provinces: Continental (Paleozoic- Miocene Australian continent series in S New Guinea, Birds Head, Misool), Oceanic (ophiolite-island arc basement of N New Guinea, Cenderawasih Bay, Waigeo, Yapen, etc.) and Transition (Central Range metamorphics, Tamrau Mts, Wandamen Peninsula, Weyland Mts)) Pieters, P.E., C.J. Pigram, D.S. Trail, D.B. Dow et al. (1983)- The stratigraphy of western Irian Jaya. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 8, p. 14-48. (same paper as above) Pieters, P.E., R.J. Ryburn & D.S. Trail (1979)- Geological reconnaissance in Irian Jaya, 1976-1977. Bur. Min. Res., Australia, Record 1979/19, p. Pigott, J.D. & P.K. Bettis (1996)- Heat flow and geothermal gradients of Irian Jaya- Papua new Guinea: implications for regional hydrocarbon exploration. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 445-458. (Compilation of wells temperature and basins heatflow data for all of New Guinea island. With calculations to depth of Top oil window for Salawati- Bintuni and Gulf of Papua basins) Pigram, C.J. (1986)- Western Irian Jaya: the end-product of oblique plate convergence in the late Tertiarydiscussion. Tectonophysics 121, 2-4, p. 345-348. (Critique of Dow & Sukamto 1994 paper) Pigram, C.J. & H.L. Davies (1987)- Terranes and the accretion history of the New Guinea orogen. Bur. Min. Res. J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 10, 3, p. 193-212. (Classic paper, with first interpretation of New Guinea- East Indonesia complex tectonic history in terms of numerous plates, many which derived from the eastern margin of New Guinea, rifted off and transported West) Pigram, C.J. & H. Panggabean (1981)- Pre-Tertiary geology of western Irian Jaya and Misool Island: implications for the tectonic development of Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Ind. Petr. Ass., p. 385399. (Dated, broad interpretation of W Irian Jaya stratigraphy, tectonics) Pigram, C.J. & H. Panggabean (1984)- Rifting of the northern margin of the Australian continent and the origin of some microcontinents in Eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 107, 3-4, p. 331-353. (N margin of Australian continent rifting began at ~230 Ma at Permian-Triassic boundary. Onset of seafloor spreading (post-breakup unconformity) 185 Ma in PNG to 170 Ma in Irian Jaya, continuing to young to SW along margin of Australian continent, reflecting opening of Indian Ocean off W Australia. End Jurassic N Australian margin faced seaway linking proto-Indian and Pacific oceans, separated from pre-existing NeoTethys/ Panthalassa oceans byscreen of microcontinents, parts of which are preserved in E Indonesia) Pigram, C.J. & H. Panggabean (1989)- Geology of the Waghete Sheet area. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 46 p., 1: 250,000 scale map.


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Pigram, C.J., G.P. Robinson & S.L. Tobing (1982)- Late Cainozoic origin for the Bintuni Basin. Proc. 11th Ann. Conv. Ind. Petr. Ass., p. 109-126. (Bintuni Basin and Lengguru foldbelt are very young features, possibly result of collision between W Irian Jaya microcontinent and NW margin of Australian continent. Deposition of New Guinea Limestone in Irian Jaya ceased in M Miocene and this limestone forms basement to Late Cainozoic clastic sediments of asymmetrical Bintuni Basin. Intensity of deformation in Lengguru foldbelt increases E-wards; along E margin folded sediments are low-grade metamorphics faulted against Late Cainozoic gneisses of Wandamen Peninsula) Pigram, C.J., G.P. Robinson & S.L. Tobing (1982)- Late Cainozoic origin for the Bintuni Basin and adjacent Lengguru foldbelt. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bull. 7, p. 24-36. (Same paper as above) Pigram, C.J. & U. Sukanta (1982)- Geological data record of the Taminabuan 1:250,000 sheet area, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Open file report, p.. Pigram, C.J. & U. Sukanta (1989)- Geology of the Taminabuan sheet area, Irian Jaya, scale 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 51 p. Pigram, C.J. & P.A. Symonds (1991)- A review of the timing of the major tectonic events in the New Guinea orogen. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 307-318. (Three major events shaped New Guinea orogen. Mesozoic extension included Triassic and Early Jurassic rifting, leading to the passive margin along N edge of Australian craton. Second phase of rifting in Late Cretaceous, dismembering eastern part of margin and opening the Coral Sea basin and contemporaneous ocean basin to N in Latest Cretaceous-Eocene. Third phase is initiation of mountain building. First foreland load-induced basin flexing in Mid-Oligocene, coinciding with switch in main clastic source from S to N. Darai carbonate platform backstepping from Late Oligocene- M Miocene) Playford, G. & J.F. Rigby (2008)- Permian palynoflora of the Ainim and Aiduna formations, West Papua. Rev. Espanola Micropal. 40, 1-2, p. 1-57. (online at: http://revistas.igme.es/index.php/revista_micro/article/view/359/357) (Palynology of Permian samples from Birds Head (Ainim Fm) and W part of Central Range (Aiduna Fm) of W Papua. Similar palynoflora in both places, with 26 species of spores, 18 species of pollen, 5 species of microphytoplankton. Dated as late Early- early M Permian (Kungurian-Roadian). Mainly Gondwanan affinity of spore-pollen suite (but no Dulhuntyispora) and megaflora, but also minor Cathaysian elements) PND- Patra Nusa Data (2009)- Opportunities (II), Salawati Basin. Inameta J. 8, Sept. 2009, p. 28-33. (online at: www.patranusa.com) (Overview of Salawati Basin, W end of Birds Head, in conjunction with tender round offering) Polhemus, D.A. & J.T. Polhemus (1998)- Assembling New Guinea- 40 million years of island arc accretion as indicated by the distribution of aquatic Heteroptera (Insecta). In R. Hall & J. Holloway (eds.) Biogeographical and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 327-340. (Relates aquatic insects distribution to terrane accretion history) Pollard, P.J. & R.G. Taylor (2002)- Paragenesis of the Grasberg Cu-Au deposit, Irian Jaya, Indonesia: results from logging section 13. Mineralium Deposita 37, p. 117-136. (Grasberg Cu-Au deposit within Grasberg Pliocene Igneous Complex (GIC). Multiple intrusive phases; 35 separate stages of hydrothermal alteration and infill recognized) Pollard, P. J., R.G. Taylor & L. Peters (2005)- Ages of intrusion, alteration, and mineralization at the Grasberg Cu-Au deposit, Papua, Indonesia. Economic Geol. 100, 5, p. 1005-1020. (40Ar/39Ar ages of 10 micas from Grasberg Igneous Complex range from 3.33- 3.01 Ma. Grasberg Igneous Complex formed during several cycles of intrusion and hydrothermal alteration, lasting ~0.1 m.y. or less)


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Posthumus-Meyes, R., E.J. de Rochemont, J.W.R. Koch, et.al. (1908)- De Zuidwest Nieuw-Guinea Expeditie 1904/5 van het Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap. E.J. Brill, Leiden, 676p. ('The SW New Guinea expedition 1904-1905 of the Royal Dutch Geographical Society'. Report of geography, geology, climate, anthropology, etc., of SW Papua) Potter, D.R. (1996)- What makes Grasberg anomalous, implications for future exploration. In: Proc. Conf. Porphyry related copper and gold deposits of the Asia Pacific Region, Cairns 1996, Austral. Min. Found., Adelaide, p. 10.1-10.13. Potter, D., K. Parris, J. MacPherson, D. Wadsworth, G. O’Connor, W. Sunyoto, S. Widodo et al. (1999)- Gold and silver exploration in Irian Jaya. Mining Engineering 51, 11, p. 33-36. (On Freeport regional exploration programs in W Papua since 1990, to locate additional Ertsberg/ Grasbergtype deposits. Other types of deposits may be present in largely unexplored W Papua) Prasad, M.N.V. (1981)- New species of fossil wood Planoxylon from the Late Paleozoic of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bull. 5, p. 37-40. (Planoxylon stopesii from Permian Aimau Fm of Birds Head shows characters of araucarian and abietinian wood types, common in Late Paleozoic of Gondwanaland) Prendergast, K., G.W. Clarke, N.J. Pearson & K. Harris (2005)- Genesis of pyrite-Au-As-Zn-Bi-Te zones associated with Cu-Au skarns; evidence from the Big Gossan and Wanagon gold deposits, Ertsberg District, Papua, Indonesia. Economic Geol and Bull. Soc. Economic Geol. 100, 5, p. 1021-1050. (Ertsberg district multiple skarn and porphyry-related deposits, together comprising one of largest Cu-Au resources in world. Lot of detail on mineralization sequences) Prentice, M.L., G.S. Hope, K. Maryunani & J.A. Peterson (2005)- An evaluation of snowline data across New Guinea during the last major glaciation, and area-based glacier snowlines in the Mt. Jaya region of Papua, Indonesia, during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Int. 138-139, p. 93-117. Prihanasto, A.S., H. Nugroho & P. Rachwibowo (2011)- Porosity study of Paleocene sandstone reservoir using core and petrography and influence to porosity calculation from density log at Wiriagar Deep field, Bintuni Basin, Papua. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-120, 29p. (In Indonesian. Paleocene deep water gas sands in Wiriagar Deep field, Bintuni Basin, variable but generally poor reservoir quality due to calcite cementation and heterogeneous turbidite sandstones reservoirs) Pubellier, M. & P.R. Cobbold (1996)- Analogue models for the transpressional docking of volcanic arcs in the western Pacific. Tectonophysics 253, p. 33-52. (Sand box modeling used for analogues of South Philippines and N New Guinea margins) Pubellier, M., B. Deffontaines & J. Chorowitz (1999)- Active denudation morphostructures from SAR ERS-1 images (SW Irian Jaya). Int. J. Remote Sensing 20, p. 789-800. Pubellier, M., B. Deffontaines, J. Chorowicz, J.P. Rudant & H. Permana (2005)- Expression of morphostructures on SAR ERS imagery- escape tectonics at a front belt; a case study: SW Irian Jaya (West Papua). In: K. Fletcher (ed.) Spaceborne radar applications in Geology, ESA TM-17, p16/1- 16/9. Pubellier, M. & F. Ego (2002)- Anatomy of an escape tectonic zone, Western Irian Jaya (Indonesia). Tectonics 21, 4, 1019, 16p. (Birds Head block escape rate from GPS geodetic measurements is 7 cm/yr. Movement accommodated by broad shear zone. Evolution of escape zone depends on geometry of former margin of Australia, which controls style deformation)


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Puntodewo, S.S.O., R. McCaffrey, E. Calais, E., Y. Bock et al. (1994)- GPS measurements of crustal deformation within the Pacific-Australia plate boundary zone in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 237, p. 141-153. (GPS sites in SE Irian Jaya close to moving with Australia. Most convergence between Pacific and Australian plates probably at New Guinea Trough. Biak (136°E), and Sorong (W tip of Bird's Head at 131°E) both move ~95 mm/yr to WSW relative to Irian Jaya, but <15 mm/yr relative to each other, showing Sorong fault not presently major boundary between Australian and Pacific plates. Plate boundary now S of Sorong- Biak sites) Quarles van Ufford, A. (1996)- Stratigraphy, structural geology and tectonics of a young forearc-continent collision, western Central Range (western New Guinea), Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. Texas, Austin, 420 p. (Study of geology and stratigraphy along Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) mine road and mining district. Mine access road N-dipping homocline exposing ~18-km thick Precambrian or Early Paleozoic to Cenozoic sequence. After rifting in Early Mesozoic and until M Miocene, N Australian continent was passive margin. Central Range of Irian Jaya formed when Australian passive margin was subducted beneath and collided with N-dipping subduction zone in M Miocene) Quarles van Ufford, A. & M. Cloos (2005)- Cenozoic tectonics of New Guinea. AAPG Bull. 89, 1, p. 119-140. (New Guinea foldbelt formed in two distinct collisional events: Peninsular Orogeny in Oligocene in E New Guinea, and Central Range orogeny starting in latest M Miocene (12 Ma), with crystalline basement becoming involved in deformation at ~8 Ma) Raden Idris (2000)- An overview: geological and economic prospects in Timoforo Block, Irian Jaya (Abstract) 2000 AAPG International Conference & Exhibition (Timoforo Block in Bird's Head N of Wiriagar and Muturi. Ainim Fm sst in Mogoi Deep #1 and Kais limestone Fm in Mogoi and Wasian oil fields are proven reservoir rocks. Permian Ainim excellent source potential. Modeling of Bintuni Basin shows hydrocarbon generation occurred in E Jurassic, expulsion in M Eocene. Evaluation shows S Timoforo Block at least three structures with reserves around 1.7 TCF) Ratman, N. (1986)- Metaliferous mineralization related to the geological environment in Western Irian Jaya. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 12, p. 1-14. (Most promising metal prospects in New Guinea: (1) laterite nickel-chromium ores derived from ultramafic rocks in North; (2) base metal mineralization in Central Range associated with Pliocene intrusions and M Miocene volcanics; (3) rare earth elements associated with Permo-Triassic granitoids in Birds Head) Ratman, N. (1998)- Geology of the Bird’s Head, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: J. Miedema et al. (eds.) Perspectives on the Bird’s Head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc. Conf., Leiden October 1997, Editions Rodopi, Amsterdam, p. 719-755. (High-level review of Birds Head geology. As on mainland Irian Jaya three tectonic zones: Continental (most of area), Oceanic (N coast ophiolites and Paleogene-E Miocene arc volcanics) and Mobile Belt (N and SE)) Ratman, N. & S.A. Atmawinata (1988)- Geology of the Yapen Quadrangle, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Indonesia, p. 719-755. (Broad overview of Birds Head geology; little or no new data) Ratman, N. & G.P. Robinson (1981)- Geological map of Manokwari Quadrangle, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. Redmond, J.L. & R.P. Koesoemadinata (1976)- Walio oilfield and the Miocene carbonates of Salawati Basin. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 41-57. (Walio Miocene carbonate buildup, 21km long, rising 1200’ above platform. Steep flanks to N and E, S flank less well defined. N-S trending normal faults. Low salinity formation waters suggest fresh water flushing)


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Reijnders, J.J. (1964)- A pedo-ecological study of soil genesis in the tropics from sea level to eternal snow, Star Mountains, Central New Guinea. Doct. Thesis University of Utrecht. 159 p. (also in Nova Guinea, Geology, 6 1994) (Soil studies as part of 1959 Royal Netherlands Geographical Society Star Mountains Expedition. With 1: 250,000 scale soil map) Reynolds, C.D., I. Havryluk, S. Bastaman & S. Atmowidjojo (1973)- The exploration of nickel laterite deposits in Irian Barat. In: Proc. In: Reg. Conf. Geology of Southeast Asia, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 6, p. 309-323. (Nickel-bearing laterites developed in-situ on nickel-bearing peridotites in Cyclops and Waigeo areas of W Papua, surveyed in 1969-1971. Similar to other nickel laterites in tropical areas) Reynolds, C.D., I. Havryluk, Soepomo & S. Bastaman (1972)- The exploration of the nickel laterite deposits in Irian Barat, Indonesia. Bull. Nat. Inst. Geol. Min. Bandung 4, 1, p. 59-75. (Same as above) Riadini, P., A.C. Adyagharini, A.M. Surya Nugraha, B. Sapiie & P.A. Teas (2009)- Palinspastic reconstruction of the Bird Head pop-up structure as a new mechanism of the Sorong Fault. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, IPA09-SG-067, p. 349-361. (Seismic interpretation along offshore NW Bird Head area show development of pop-up structures at NW Birds Head area as evidence of Sorong Fault activity. Cuts Paleozoic- Tertiary rocks. Graben development at Eocene- Oligocene sequence was related with passive margin NW shelf Australia rifting since Mesozoic) Riadini, P. & B. Sapiie (2011)- The Sorong Fault zone kinematics: implication for structural evolution on Salawati Basin, Seram and Misool, West Papua, Indonesia. AAPG Ann. Conv. Exh., Houston 2011, Poster. (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2011/50489riadini/ndx_riadini.pdf) (New model for Sorong left-lateral fault zone, active since Late Miocene) Riadini, P., B. Sapiie, A.M. Surya-Nugraha, F. Nurmaya, R. Regandara & R.P. Sidik (2010)- Tectonic evolution of the Seram fold-thrust belt and Misool-Onin-Kumawa anticline as an implication for the Bird’s Head evolution. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-154, 21p. (Seismic interpretation with 2D palinspatic reconstructions suggest Seram Fold-Thrust Belt and Misool-OninKumawa Anticline not only related to rotation and translation phase from Sorong Fault Zone activities but also combined with additional W-movement of Tarera-Aiduna strike-slip system. Deformation active since Late Miocene as the result of the collision between Pacific island arc complexes and margin of NW Australia plate) Rigby, J.F. (1997)- The significance of a Permian flora from Irian Jaya (West New Guinea) containing elements related to coeval floras of Gondwanaland and Cathaysialand. Palaeobotanist 45, p. 295-302. (Permian floras from W Papua mainly Gondwanan, but some Cathaysian elements) Rigby, J.F. (1998)- Glossopteris occurrences in the Permian of Irian Jaya (West New Guinea). In: G.R. Shi, N.W. Archbold & M. Grover (eds.) Strzelecki international symposium on Permian of Eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 110, 1-2, p. 309-315. (Permian flora in Aiduna Fm outcrop in SW part of New Guinea ’body’ and in Birds Head Poeragi 1 well. Glossopteris species dominate, but mainly new, endemic species. Assemblages transitional between temperate Gondwanaland Glossopteris flora and tropical Cathaysia flora. These are seed plants, suggesting land connection between the two regions) Rigby, J.F. (2001)- A review of the Early Permian flora from Papua (West New Guinea). In: I. Metcalfe, J.M.B. Smith et al. (eds.) Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia- Australasia, A.A. Balkema, Lisse, p. 85-95. (Permian Aiduna Fm S of main suture in W New Guinea contains flora dominated by Gondwanaland Glossopteris, but also includes Cathaysian species Fascipteris and Gigantonuclea, perhaps reflecting narrower Paleo-Tethys seaway than commonly suggested).


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Robertson, J.D. (2004)- Tangguh- the first major Pre-Tertiary discovery in Indonesia. Houston Geol. Soc. Bull., February 2004, p. 21-23. Robertson, J.D. (2006)- Tangguh: the first major Pre-Tertiary discovery in Indonesia. In: C. Sternbach, M. Downey & G. Friedman (eds.) Discoverers of the 20th century: perfecting the search, AAPG Special Vol., p. Robinson, G.P., B.H. Harahap & M. Suparman & G.M. Bladon (1985)- Geology of the Fak Fak sheet area, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Indonesia, 40p. + map Robinson, G.P., B.H. Harahap & M. Suparman (1988)- Fak Fak 1:250,000 map sheet, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Indonesia, Geologic Data Record. Robinson, G.P. & N. Ratman (1977)- Explanatory notes on the Manokwari 1:250 000 geological map, Irian Jaya. Bureau Min. Res., Geol. Geoph., Canberra, and Geol. Res. Dev. Centrre, Bandung, Robinson, G.P. & N. Ratman (1978)- The stratigraphic and tectonic development of the Manokwari area, Irian Jaya. Bur. Min. Res. J. Austr. Geol. Geoph. 3, p. 19-24. Robinson, G.P., R.J. Ryburn, B.H. Harahap, S.L. Tobing, G.M. Bladon & P.E. Pieters (1990)- Geology of the Kaimana sheet area, Irian Jaya (Quad. 3012). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, scale 1: 250,000, 50p. (Surface geology of part of Lengguru foldbelt) Robinson, G.P., R.J. Ryburn, B.H. Harahap, S.L. Tobing, G.M. Bladon & P.E. Pieters (1990)- Geology of the Steenkool sheet area, Irian Jaya (Quad. 3013). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, scale 1: 250,000, 45p. (Surface geology of part of North Lengguru foldbelt- Birds Neck area) Robinson, G.P., R.J. Ryburn, S.L. Tobing & A. Achdan (1988)- Geologic data record Steenkool (Wasior)Kaimana 1: 250,000 sheet area, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Open File report, 153p. Rossetter, R.J. (1976)- New Guinea Limestone Group Bomberai Peninsula, Irian Jaya. Proc. Carbonate Seminar Jakarta 1976, Indon.Petrol. Assoc., Spec. Vol., p. 93-98. Rouffaer, G.P. et al. (1908)- De Zuidwest Nieuw-Guinea-expeditie 1904/5 van het Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap. Brill, Leiden, 677p. (Results of the 1904-1905 SW New Guinea expedition sponsored by Royal Netherlands Geographical Society’) Rubin, J.N. & J.R. Kyle (1997)- Precious metal mineralogy in porphyry-, skarn-, and replacement-type ore deposits of the Ertsberg (Gunung Bijih) District, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Econ. Geol. 92, 5, p. 535-550. Ruslan, M. & Y. Kumoro (1993)- Aspek geologi dalam penentuan trase Jalan Waghete- Enarotali- Kumopa, Kabupaten Paniai, Irian Jaya. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 581-589. (Geological aspects for the determination of the route of the Waghete- Enarotali- Kumopa road, Paniai, Irian Jaya') Rusmana, E., K. Parris, U. Sukanta & H. Samodra (1995)- Geologic map of the Timika Quadrangle, Irian Jaya, scale 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Rutten, L.M.R. (1914)- Foraminiferen-fuhrende Gesteine von Niederlandisch Neu-Guinea. Nova Guinea 6, Geol. 2, p. 21-51. (Description of foraminifera-bearing rocks from the 1903 Netherlands New Guinea Expedition, presumably collected by Wichmann. Includes reports of Lacazina larger foram in Eocene of Dramai Island SE of Triton Bay, Miocene Lepidocyclina associated with arc volcanics on Arimoa Islands off N New Guinea, etc.)


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Rutten, L.M.R. (1916)- Foraminiferenhoudende gesteenten uit het stroomgebied der Lorentzrivier (Zuidwest Nieuw Guinea). Verslag. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 28, p. 408-416. (Eocene Alveolina-Lacazina and Nummulites and Miocene Lepidocyclina foraminiferal limestone pebbles from Lorentz River (S foreland of Central Range). Eocene Alveolina-Lacazina limestone from top of Wilhelmina/ Trikora peak. Unlike North New Guinea, no fragments of volcanic rocks observed limestones and sandstones) Rutten, L. (1920)- On Foraminifera-bearing rocks from the basin of the Lorentz River (Southwest Dutch New Guinea). Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 22, 2, p. 606-614. (English version of above; online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) Rutten, L. (1921)- Quaternary and Tertiary limestones of North New Guinea between the Tami- and the BiriRiver basins. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam 28, 8, p. 1137-1141. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014766.pdf) (Tertiary limestones collected by BPM from N New Guinea between Tami and Biri rivers. No detailed locality information. Majority of limestones of Oligo-Miocene age with Lepidocyclina. Also two samples of black-grey Eocene reefal limestone with Alveolina, Nummulites, Orthophragmina (=Discocyclina) in Nanggoi River, S Nimboran Mts) Rutten, L. (1923)- Geologische gegevens uit het gebied van den Vogelkop van Nieuw-Guinea. Verslag. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. (afd. Wis- en Natuurkunde), Amsterdam, 32, 3, p. 221-224. ('Geological data from the region of the Birds Head of New Guinea'. Early notes on Birds Head geology, based on rock collections collected between 1917-1921 by East Indies Mines Department. Widespread Oligo-Miocene limestones with Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, etc., but relatively rare Eocene (Lacazina limestones in Rumberpon-Horna area at Cenderawasih Bay coast and NW Birds Head). ) Rutten, L. (1923)- Geological data derived from the region of the 'Birds Head' of New Guinea. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 26, 3-4, p. 274-277. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014942.pdf) (English version of paper above) Rutten, L.M.R. (1925)- Foraminiferen-houdende gesteenten uit het gebied van de ‘Vogelkop’ op Nieuw Guinea. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 53 (1924), 1, p. 147-167. (Brief descriptions of Birds Head foram-bearing samples, including globigerid limestone near SE coast (= Imskin Fm of subsequent authors), Eocene Nummulites-Alveolina-Lacazina in Horna region and many E-M Miocene limestone localities) Rutten, L.M.R. (1927)- Geologie van Nieuw Guinea en de Aroe-eilanden. In: L.M.R. Rutten (1927) Voordrachten over de geologie van Nederlandsch Indie, Wolters, Groningen, p. 782-803. (Review of geology of New Guinea and the Aru Islands) Rutten, L.M.R. (1936)- Roches et fossiles de l’Ile Pisang et de la Nouvelle Guinee. Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belgique 12, 10, p. 1-13. ('Rocks and fossils from Pisang Island and from New Guine'. Pisang Island, E of Misool, samples, include Eocene limestone with Lacazinella, Nummulites, Discocyclina, etc.; no Pellatispira) Sadjati, O., N.A. Ascaria & A.H. Satyana (2002)- Generation and migration of hydrocarbons from pre-Tertiary source rocks of the Kamundan area, West Papua, Eastern Indonesia. AAPG Int. Conf., Cairo, 2002. (Abstract only) (Kamundan area N of Wiriagar Deep giant gas field in Jurassic sandstones. Thermal modeling at Ayot-2, Tarof-2 and Wiriagar-1 wells suggesst sources mature since 240-260 Ma (Permo-Triassic). In 210 Ma (Late Triassic) hydrocarbons charged Jurassic reservoirs (???). Migration continued and charged Cretaceous reservoirs until mid-Cretaceous tectonic activity uplifted area and changed migration routes. Afterwards, hydrocarbons re-migrated along Cretaceous unconformity and charged Late Cretaceous and Paleocene reservoirs, causing significant hydrocarbon accumulation in Paleocene reservoirs)


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Sakagami, S. (2000)- Middle Permian Bryozoa from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Bull. Nat. Sci. Museum, Tokyo, Ser. C 26, 3-4, p. 139-168. (Twenty-four Permian bryozoan species from 4 localities. Fauna closely similar to that of Timor and is part of typical Southern Tethys realm. Age is most probably early Guadalupian, M Permian) Salo, J.P. (2005)- Evaluating sites for subsurface OO2 injection/ sequestration: Tangguh, Bintuni Basin, Papua, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Adelaide, p. 1-368. (Text online at: http://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/49746/2/02whole_v.1.pdf) (Downdip aquifer leg of M Jurassic (Bathonian- Bajocian) Roabiba Fm quartzose marine sandstone is most viable option for disposal of excess CO2 from Tangguh gas production. Second best is 'Aalenian sandstone'. M Jurassic (Aalenian-Callovian) overall transgressive series over Permian (Triassic- E Jurassic absent over Tangguh study area; E Jurassic only in nearby East Onin 1 well), with deeper marine facies to SW and S, with sediment supply mainly from NE. Major unconformity between Late Jurassic- Late Cretaceous, with Early Cretaceous missing, followed by Late Cretaceous (Turonian- Maastrichtian) rifting in Birds Head region, probably separating Birds Head microcontinent from Australia- New Guinea Plate. Erosion of folded EoceneOligocene at Basal Miocene unconformity reflects collision of Birds Head and Australia-New Guinea) Samuel, L., K. Lukman & Suharno (1990)- Dominant geological factors which controlled petroleum potential of Salawati and Bintuni basins, Irian Jaya. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 41-51. Samuel, L. & L. Kartanegara (1991)- The role of Cretaceous seal to the hydrocarbon potential of the Salawati and Bintuni Basins, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. AAPG Ann. Mtg., Dallas, Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 75, 3, p. 666. (In Bintuni basin rel. little success in Miocene carbonates. Presence of Cretaceous shales seal important: where this regional seal is noneffective oil could migrate vertically from pre-Tertiary sources to Tertiary reservoirs) Samuel, L. & R.S.K.Phoa (1986)- Problems. of source rock identification in the Salawati basin, Irian Jaya. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 404-422. Sapiie, B. (1998)- Strike-slip faulting, breccia formation and porphyry Cu-Au mineralization in the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) Mining District, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Texas at Austin, 304 p. Sapiie, B. (2000)- Structural geology and ore deposit: case study of the Grasberg super porphyry Cu-Au mineralization, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 1-21. (Strike-slip faulting in Central Range Irian Jaya started at ~4 Ma, after 10’s of km of contractional deformation. Grasberg igneous complex emplaced at major left step in left-lateral strike slip system) Sapiie, B. (2002)- Structural pattern and deformation style in the Central Range of Irian Jaya (West Papua), Indonesia. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 369-376. (Central Range two stages of deformation: NW-trending folding between ~12- 4 Ma, followed by strike-slip faulting after 4 Ma. Change of deformation style related to change in relative plate motions between Australia and Pacific Plates) Sapiie, B., A.C. Adyagharini & P. Teas (2010)- New insight of tectonic evolution of Cendrawasih Bay and its implications for hydrocarbon prospect, Papua, Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10G-158, 11 p. (Deformation of Cendrawasih Bay related to coupling movement of Yapen-Sorong Fault Zone and TareraAiduna left-lateral strike-slip faults. Cenderawasih Basin formed by NW-SE directed shortening and is most likely overlain by Australian continental crust) Sapiie, B. & M. Cloos (2000)- Strike slip faulting in the core of the Central Range of New Guinea: aftermath of collisional delamination. Geol. Soc. America 2002 Denver Annual Meeting (Abstract only) (Strike-slip faulting in Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) District during latest stage of collisional orogenesis, localizing igneous intrusion and copper-gold mineralization at 3 Ma. C Range tectonically inactive; current movements


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along N edge of island and Tarera-Aiduna fault zone. Between 3 Ma and Pleistocene glaciation, strike-slip motion ceased in W highlands. Rupture of N end of Australian plate (collisional delamination) started at ~8 Ma and propagated >1000 km E by 3 Ma, causing short-lived melting event. Batholithic-scale magma chambers in lower crust from ~7 to 3 Ma. Core of collisional belt was zone of weakness, localizing tectonic motions. Since then upper ~20 km of upwelled asthenosphere cooled, forming new lithospheric mantle. Healing of lithosphere beneath W Central Range caused plate motions to become concentrated at weaknesses along N coast of island) Sapiie, B. & M. Cloos (2004)- Strike-slip faulting in the core of the Central Range of west New Guinea: Ertsberg Mining District, Indonesia. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 116, 3-4, p. 277-293. (Most of New Guinea Cenozoic tectonic evolution result of obliquely convergent motion. Two stages of deformation(1) ~12 - 4 Ma: km-scale folds and thrusts recording many tens of km of shortening; (2) starting at ~4 Ma five NW-trending (~300°) strike-slip fault zones in core of W Highlands, aiding ascent of magmas. Intrusives of 4.4- 2.6 Ma ages formed in pull-aparts along left-lateral strike slip faults. NE trending normal faults and veins suggest NW-SE extension) Sapiie, B., D.H. Natawidjaya & M. Cloos (1999)- Strike slip tectonics of New Guinea: transform motion between the Caroline and Australian plates. In: I. Busono & H. Alam (eds.) Developments in Indonesian tectonics and structural geology, Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc.Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1999, 1, p. 1-15. Sapin, F., M. Pubellier, J.C. Ringenbach &, V. Bailly (2009)- Alternating thin vs. thick-skinned decollements, example in a fast tectonic setting: the Misool-Onin-Kumawa Ridge (West Papua). J. Struct. Geol. 31, p. 444459. Misool-Onin-Kumawa Ridge between Seram accretionary wedge and Lengguru fold belt (<8 My). Three deformation stages: (1) Messinian thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belt over shaly-silty Permian-Paleocene; (2) Pliocene thick-skinned event responsible for uplift of ridge, possibly induced by onset of continental subduction; (3) Pleistocene deformation when thin-skinned tectonics resumed in Seram Trough. Currently, Seram wedge abuts ridge, transferring compression N into Salawati Basin. Jumps of active detachment levels may be response to changes in subduction parameters (velocity, rugosity, etc.) during transition between oceanic and continental subduction, or from thinned crust to thicker continental crust) Sardjono (1998)- Gravity field and structure of the Sorong Fault Zone, Eastern Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. London, p. Satyana, A.H. (2001)- Dynamic response of the Salawati Basin, Eastern Indonesia, to the Sorong Fault tectonism: example of inter-plate deformation. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) and GEOSEA 10th Reg. Congr., Yogyakarta 2001, p. 288-291. (Sorong Fault major left-lateral fault responsible for reversal of Salawati basin polarity. Late PaleozoicMiocene beds thicken to S-SE, revealing presence of long-lived southern depocenter. At Miocene-Pliocene boundary basin tilted to W-SW, marking inception of Sorong Fault in N Irian Jaya. By mid-Pliocene Sorong Fault splayed into Salawati Basin and basin subsided rapidly to N-NW with uplift of S and E parts of basin. Coeval with rapid deposition of Late Pliocene Klasaman Fm sediments, which triggered shale diapirism) Satyana, A.H. (2003)- Sorong Fault and the reversal of the Salawati Basin. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Newsl., March 2003, p. 15-21. Satyana, A.H. (2003)- Re-evaluation of the sedimentology and evolution of the Kais carbonate platform, Salawati Basin, Eastern Indonesia: exploration significance. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 185206. (New paleogeographic model of Miocene Kais carbonates, making previous basinal zone lagoonal) Satyana, A.H. (2009)- Emergence of new petroleum system in the mature Salawati Basin: keys from geochemical markers. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 775-795.


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(Salawati Basin proven petroleum system is Miocene Kais/Klasafet. Over Sorong foredeep kitchen, oils generated from lower maturity rocks than overmature Kais/Klasafet marly carbonaceous shales, must be sourced by Early Pliocene Lower Klasaman shales) Satyana, A.H. & N. Herawat (2011)- Sorong fault tectonism and detachment of Salawati Island: implications for petroleum generation and migration in Salawati Basin, Bird's Head of Papua. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-183, 21 p. (Sorong Fault at N and W margin of Salawati Basin reversed basin polarity from basin with S depocenter before Pliocene to the basin with N depocenter today. Ssubsidence of the basin to N resulted in petroleum generation from Miocene Kais-Klasafet carbonates and shales main source rocks. Salawati Island, once attached to the main Bird's Head, detached and rotated CCW, opening Sele Strait. After rotation Salawati Island translated SW-ward to present position) Satyana, A.H., M.E.M. Purwaningsih & E.C.P. Ngantung (2002)- Evolution of the Salawati structures, eastern Indonesia: a frontal Sorong fault deformation. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 277-293. (Neogene structures in Salawati Basin tied to Sorong Fault tectonism. Four stages of development, reflecting 25° counterclockwise rotation of strain ellipsoid between Mid-Pliocene- Pleistocene. Sorong Fault started at ~3.5 Ma, dissecting N margin of Salawati Basin. Present-day structuring mainly SSW-NNE normal faulting) Satyana, A.H., Y. Salim & J.M. Demarest (2000)- Significance of focused hydrocarbon migration in the Salawati Basin: controls of faults and structural noses. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 513-530. Satyana, A.H. & I. Setiawan (2001)- Origin of Pliocene deep-water sedimentation in Salawati Basin, Eastern Indonesia: deposition in inverted basin and exploration implications. Proc. Deep-water sedimentation of Southeast Asia, Indon. Sediment. Forum (FOSI) 2nd Reg. Seminar, Jakarta 2001, p. 53-65. (New Mid-Late Pliocene NW Salawati Basin depocenter created by tectonic loading of contemporaneous Upper Klasaman Fm thrust sheets along regional Sorong left-lateral strike-slip fault. Accommodation filled with bathyal debris flow deposits. Thick Klasaman deposits buried Miocene source rocks once deposited in lagoonal environment to reach oil window and triggered overpressuring and shale diapirism of Early Pliocene Lower Klasaman Fm shales) Satyana, A.H. & M. Wahyudin (2000)- Meteoric water flushing and microbial alteration of Klamono and Linda oils, Salawati Basin, Eastern Indonesia: geochemical constraints, origin and regional implications. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 71-84. (Klamono and Linda fields oils evidence of biodegradation. Water from Kais limestone outcrop flowed W to Klamono field. Linda field probably affected by meteoric water moving along fault) Schappert, A. (1990)- The seismicity of the Tembagapura region, Irian Jaya. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 50-56. Schroo, H. (1961)- Some pedological data concerning soils in the Baliem Valley, Netherlands New Guinea. Boor en Spade 11, p. 84-103. (Early paper on geomorphology and relatively poor soil quality in Baliem Valley, Central Range) Schumacher, C. (1954)- Exploratie. In: W.C. Klein (ed.) Nieuw Guinea, 3, p. 1-120. (History of expeditions to former Netherlands New Guinea) Schurter, G.J., Y. Supriatna, A. Nuraeni & Supriyono (2009)- A 3D finite-difference modeling study of seismic imaging challenges in Bintuni Bay, Irian Jaya Barat. The Leading Edge 28, p. 1008-1021. (also in Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2007, p. 369-376 and p. 377-390) Seno, T. & D.E. Kaplan (1988)- Seismotectonics of Western New Guinea. J. Phys. Earth 36, p.107-124. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...)


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(No seismological evidence of subduction along New Guinea Trench W of 140°E (believed to be relic of ancient subduction). Region between N New Guinea Trench and Central Range characterized by strike-slip faulting and reverse faulting. Yapen Island earthquake suggests active strike-slip motion along this part of Sorong fault zone. Thrust mechanisms common in Meervlakte Basin. Additional strike-slip faulting and thrust faulting in Tarera and Wandamen Fault Zones. Oblique convergence between Caroline and Australian plates in W New Guinea divided into strike-slip and dip-slip components. East of 140°E along New Guinea Trench, Bismarck plates are subducting, producing intermediate- depth seismicity beneath central New Guinea) Setyanta, B. & B.S. Widijono (2009)- Medan gaya berat pada batuan ofiolit (ultramafik) di Beoga, Papua dan implikasi terhadap genesis alih tempatnya. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. 19, 3, p. 177-189. ('Gravity-magnetic field over the ophiolite (ultramafic) of Beoga, Papau and implications for its emplacement'. Large 50x100 km outcrop of ultramafics has elliptical gravity anomaly pattern, suggesting possible fragmentation of ophiolite during obduction. Also gravity model over Meratus Mts and Banda Sea-Seram) Sidarto & U. Hartono (1995)- Geologic map of the Jayawijaya Quadrangle, Irian Jaya, scale 1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Sidarto & N. Ratman (1996)- Geologi lembar Jayawijaya, Irian Jaya, ditafsir dari citra radar. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 6, 61, p. Simandjuntak, T.O., B. Mubroto, D. Sukarna, K. Astadireja, Marino, I. Zulkarnain et al. (1994)- Evolusi tektonik daerah lengguru, Irian Jaya, dan hubunggannya dengan jebaka sumberdaya hidrokarbon. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 370-388. (‘Tectonic evolution of the Lengguru area, Irian Jaya, and relation to hydrocarbon deposits’) Simbolon, B. (1984)- Heat flow study in the Salawati and Bintuni basins Irian Jaya. In: Heat flow, Proc. Joint ASCOPE/ CCOP Workshops I and II, CCOP Techn. Publ. 21, p. 105-122. Skwarko, S.K., J. Sornay & T. Matsumoto (1983)- Upper Cretaceous molluscs from western Irian Jaya. Publ.Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 4, p. 61-73. (Small Middle Campanian mollusc fauna and one ammonite (Pachydiscus) from Mios River, Ransiki Sheet, Birds Head. Five species of Inoceramus, some similar to species decribed from Misool by Boehm) Skwarko, S.K. & J.P. Thieuloy (1989)- Early Barremian (Early Cretaceous) mollusca from western Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 6, p. 26-34. (Barremian ammonites and bivalves from basal Jass (= Kembelangan Fm) in SW Birds Head Taminabuan sheet area. Beds are transgressive unconformably over Tipuma Fm) Smith, E.M. (1966)- Nouvelle Guinée. Lexique stratigraphique international 6, Oceania, Fasc. 3a, p. 1-136. (New Guinea part of International stratigraphic lexicon. Alphabetical listing with brief descriptions descriptions of geological formations in both West Papua and Papua New Guinea. Somewhat dated (latest reference dated 1957)) Soebagio, S. & Budijono. (1989)- Cu-skarn deposits in Erstberg mine area Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geologi Indonesia 12, 1, p. 359-374. Soebowo, E., Kantono & Y. Kumoro (1991)- Penyelidikan geologi dengan hubungannya dengan pemilihan trase jalan antara Wosiala Hingga Dombomi, Jaya Wijaya, Irian Jaya. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 541-552. Soehaimi, A., M.T. Zen, H. Moechtar & U. Lumbanbatu (2001)- The tsunamigenic earthquake of 17 February 1996 and the seismicity of Papua. In: Proc. CCOP 37th Ann. Sess. Bangkok 2000, 2, Techn. Repts., p. 72-76.


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(Magnitude 8 earthquake NE of Biak island related to thrusting of submarine reverse fault. Aftershocks indicating normal fault movements associated with fault along N shore of Biak island and left- lateral horizontal motions associated with Yapen Fault) Soeparman, S. & Budijono (1989)- Cu-skarn deposits at Ertsberg mine area, Irian Jaya. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 359-374. Stehn, C.E. (1927)- Devonische Fossilien von Hollandisch-Neu-Guinea. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederlandsch-Indie 5, p. 25- 27. ('Devonian fossils from Netherlands New Guinea'. Atrypa reticularis desquamata brachiopod in sandstone pebbles from Setakwa River, collected by Heldring around 1910. Species known from Devonian of China, Queensland, etc.) Stevens, C.W. (1999)- GPS studies of crustal deformation in eastern Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 117 p. Stevens, C.W., R. McCaffrey, Y. Bock, J.F. Genrich, M. Pubellier & C. Subarya (2002)- Evidence for block rotations and basal shear in the world’s fastest slipping continental shear zone in NW New Guinea. In: S.A. Stein & J.T. Freymueller (eds.) Plate Boundary Zones, Amer. Geophys. Un. Geodyn. Ser. 30, p. 87-99. (Birds Head moves 75-80 mm/year relative to N Australia, twice as fast as any other continental block. Leftlateral shear zone possibly as wide as 300 km. Despite high rate, rel. little seismic activity. Movement may be driven by basal drag of Pacific plate sliding beneath it) Struckmeyer, H.I.M., M. Yeung & M.T. Bradshaw (1990)- Mesozoic palaeogeography of the northern margin of the Australian Plate and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, First PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 137-152. Struckmeyer, H.I.M., M. Yueng & C.J. Pigram (1993)- Mesozoic to Cainozoic plate tectonic evolution and palaeogeography of the New Guinea region. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 261-290. (Key paper on restoration of 'Tasmanide' microcontinental plates like Birds Head and East Indonesia 'Australian' terranes, most of which are restored to an area East of PNG in Paleozoic-Mesozoic time) Subroto, E.A., H.L. Ong, H. Bagiyo & B. Priadi (1996)- Korelasi antara batuan induk dan minyak bumi di cekungan Salawati, Irian Jaya. Bul. Geologi 26, 1, p. 65-72. (Salawati Basin Kais Fm oils derived from Tertiary shallow marine (deltaic?) to non-marine source rocks. No evidence for Pre-Tertiary source) Sudijono (2000)- Biostratigraphy and depositional environment of the limestone sequence in the drill hole LS12, Ertsberg mining district, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 10, p. 1-25. (M Eocene (Ta3)- earliest Miocene (basal Te5) LBF assemblages in Faumai-Sirga-Kais succession in well LS12 well. Faumai Fm contains Lacazinella and Fasciolites, no Pellatispira. Sirga Fm quartz sandstone is barren, but is at base Oligocene, overlain by Rupelian (Tc) with Nummulites fichteli) Sugiharto, Antoro & Bensaman (1998)- The discovery of the Wawa Cu-Au skarn mineralization Etna Bay, Irian Jaya. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Sumberdaya Min. Energi, p. 169-178. Sukanta, U., S. Atmawinata & B.H. Harahap (1987)- Kendali tektonika dalam pengendapan di cekungan Bintuni, Irian Jaya. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 12p. ('Tectonics- controlled sedimentation in the Bintuni Basin, Irian Jaya') Sukanta, U. & B.H. Harahap (1993)- The western Irian Jaya microcontinent- a review. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. (GRDC Bandung), 3, 19, p. 13-20.


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Sukanta, U. & B.H. Harahap (1996)- Tectonostratigraphy of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Pacific Province succession in Northeastern Irian Jaya, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. Seminar Nasional Geoteknologi III: Dampak regionalisasi dan globalisasi industri dan perdagangan terhadap Lembaga Litbang, LIPI, Bandung, p. 518-538. Sukanta U., E. Rusmana, S. Wiryosujono, H. Samodra & Tasiran (1995)- Wave, tide and storm influenced muddy shelf: a special emphasis on the Cretaceous Piniya mudstone in the Timika sheet area, Irian Jaya. J. Geol. Sumber Daya Min. (GRDC) 5, 49, p. 10-24. Sukanta, U., S. Wiryosujono & A.S. Hakim (1995)- Geologic map of the Wamena Quadrangle, Irian Jaya, scale 1: 250,000 (Quad 3311). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Sulaeman, A., A. Sjapawi & S. Sosromihardjo (1990)- Frontier exploration in the Lengguru foldbelt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 85-105. (Pre-fieldwork Mobil overview of Lengguru foldbelt play potential) Sumarko K.B. (1996)- Karakteristik geologi batubara di daerah aliran Sungai Titaka dan Sungai Tuko, cekungan Bintuni, Irian Jaya. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 294-312. ('Characteristics of the coal geology in the drainage area of Titaka and Tuko Rivers, Bintuni Basin, W Papua') Sunyoto, W. (1999)- The nature and distribution of gold mineralisation in hole BO52-4 of the Wabu Skarn system, Irian Jaya. M.Sc. Thesis, James Cook University, Townsville, p. Supriatna, Y., J. Keggin, J.J. Chameau & Supriyono (2010)- High fold wide azimuth 3D OBC data to overcome noise and image through karst limestone: Bintuni Bay, Irian Jaya Barat. Proc. HAGI-SEG Int. Geosci. Conf., Bali 2010, IGCE10-OP-029, 6 p. (Seismic processing to improve imaging of Pre-Tertiary clastics below surface limestone. No geology) Suta, I.N. & L. Silahali (1994)- The structurally trapped Matoa field and porosity distribution, Salawati Basin, Irian Jaya. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1128-1141. Sutadiwiria, Y., Y. Surtiati & A.H. Satyana (2006)- Reefal build ups within Miocene Kais Platform: roles of 3D seismic data in defining a subtle trap. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06-INT-09, 3p. (3D seismic significant in recognition of 'Intra-Kais reefal build ups', like Matoa-20 well. Argo 1 well (2005) successful test) Sutarto, W. Sunyoto, S. Widodo, L. Soebari, Sutanto, H. Setyadi & P. Wiguna (2008)- Sekuen paragenesa dan zonasi Skarn pada endapan bijih Big Gossan Distrik Ertsberg, Timika, Papua. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol., Bandung, 1, p. 798-812. ('Paragenetic sequence and zonation of the Big Gossan skarn ore deposit of the Ertsberg District, Timika, Papua'. Big Gossan high-grade high copper deposit with reserves of 52.7 MM ton with average Cu content of 2.31%, Au 1.1 gr /ton and Ag 14.75 gr/ ton. Tabular ore body >1 km long, >500 m high and up to 200m wide) Sutriyono, E. (1999)- Structure and thermochronology of the Bird's Head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis La Trobe University, Melbourne, p. 1-321 (Unpublished) (Multiple scenarios for structure and evolution of Lengguru Fold Belt. Early Paleozoic detrital zircons in Paleocene Waripi section of Bintuni Bay suggest attachment to Australian continent (but could also be from Birds Head Kemum terrane?; HvG ) Sutriyono, E. (2003)- Provenance study and tectonic implications for rock sequences in the Lengguru fold belt of Western Papua: constraints from zircon fission track thermochronology. Forum Teknik 27, p. 121-131. (online at: http://i-lib.ugm.ac.id/jurnal/detail.php?dataId=5789) (Zircon fission track thermochronology study shows Triassic-Pliocene source terrains for W Papua clastics. Pliocene Buru Fm in Lengguru Fold Belt abundant Paleogene (~55 Ma) volcanic zircons, possibly derived


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from erosion of Weyland Terrane, which may be part of Paleogene 'Caroline Arc', eroding after Late Miocene collision with W Papua microcontinent. Main compression 12- 4 Ma, followed by transpression in Central Range, but continued compression in frontal Lengguru FB (Buru anticline, etc.). U Cretaceous Ekmai sst in E Lengguru FB has Triassic age zircons, suggesting erosion of Triassic igneous rocks at that time) Sutriyono, E. (2005)- Thermochronological constraints on cooling and uplift episodes in the Lengguru fold belt of Western Papua. Jurn. Teknologi Mineral (ITB) 12, 2, p. (Apatite fission track data from Triassic- Lower Jurassic in Lengguru foldbelt suggest maximum T of ~130°C, and ~7 km pre-deformation burial due to deposition of thick Tertiary carbonates. Sequence underwent ~50°60°C cooling at 5 Ma, consistent with ~4 km unroofing in response to uplift, due to collision with Paleogene volcanic arc in Late Miocene-Pliocene. Upper Miocene-Pleistocene provenance terrain cooled through partial annealing isotherm to ~60°C in E Miocene. Protolith then buried below 3 km and exposed to paleotemperature of ~110°C in M-L Miocene prior to uplift in last 4 My) Sutriyono, E. (2006)- Hydrocarbons and thermal evolution of the Bintuni basin of Western Papua, assessed by apatite fission track study. Media Teknik (UGM) 28, 1, p.13-19. (AFT data from Bintuni basin with ~9 km Permian- Recent sediments, gently folded by Lengguru foldbelt deformation. U Miocene-Pleistocene Steenkool Fm 4-5 km thick, with paleotemperatures below 85°C, TriassicLower Jurassic Tipuma Fm max. paleo-T ~110°C. Rocks at maximum temperature today. Exposure of Mesozoic rocks to high paleotemperatures due to Late Cretaceous-Pleistocene burial. Deeper sequences in basin not buried as deeply, allowing preservation of reservoir porosity. Gas generation/ migration for 30 TCF Tangguh field in last 5 My, with kitchen area ~50 km to E). Sutriyono, E. & K.C. Hill (2002)- Structure and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Lengguru Fold Belt, Irian Jaya. Proc. 28th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 319-334. (Restored cross-sections Lengguru foldbelt. Major uplift and cooling of LFB at ~5 Ma; tight Woniwogi sst at Kamakawala 1 may have been as deep as 6.3 km in Late Miocene, followed by ~4km of Early Pliocene uplift, downgrading hydrocarbon potential of LFB) Sutriyono, E., P.B. O' Sullivan & K.C. Hill (1997)- Thermochronology and tectonics of the Bird's Head Region, Irian Jaya: apatite fission track constraints. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australia Conf., Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 285-299. (AFT analyses in N Birds Head Tosem Block shows rapid cooling of dacite/diorite in Early Miocene and Late Miocene cooling of granite-syenite intrusions, the latter probable response to uplift/obduction of Tosem Block onto N Birds Head. Also AFTT results from Tarof 2 and E Lengguru) Suwarna, N. & Y. Noya (1995)- Geological map of the Jayapura (Peg. Cyclops) Quadrangle, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung. Syafron, E., R. Mardani, S.W. Susilo & R. Anshori (2008)- Hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Pre-Tertiary interval in the offshore Berau Area, Bird’s Head, Papua. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G015, 10 p. (In Berau basin W of Tangguh, all petroleum system elements are working. Biggest risk maturity level of source rock. Primary reservoir target Jurassic transgressive sandstones, equivalent to reservoir in Tangguh fields, but thinner and more distal marine sands penetrated in wells offshore) Syam, B., A.H. Hamdani, Y. Yuniardi & N. Djumhana (2008)- Oil to source correlation for detect hydrocarbon origin and migration on offshore Southwest Salawati Basin. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-SG-009, 11 p. (Oils from low oxygen marine source rocks in offshore Salawati basin well OT4 tied to Lower Klasafet Fm source rocks in onshore Salawati wells Iw-1, Im33. OK1 well oil appears to be different. Offshore oils originated from Klasafet Fm source to N)


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Talent, J.A. et al. (1975)- Correlation of the Silurian rocks of Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 150, 108 p. Talent, J., R. Mawson & A. Simpson (2003)- Silurian of Australia and New Guinea: biostratigraphic correlations and paleogeography. In: In: E. Landing & M.E. Johnson (eds.) Silurian lands and seaspaleogeography outside of Laurentia, Bull. New York State Museum 493, p. 181-220. Teas, P.A., J. Decker, D. Orange & P. Baillie (2009)- New insight into structure and tectonics of the Seram Trough from SeaSeepTM high resolution bathymetry. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA-G-091, p. 515-532. (High resolution bathymetry and seismic over active convergent deformation system in Seram Trough. Described as zone of young thrusting within Australian continental crustal block between Birds Head and Seram Island. Offshore extension of New Guinea Tarera-Aiduna fault zone is readily apparent) Teichert, C. (1928)- Nachweis Palaeozoischer Schichten von Sudwest Neu-Guinea. Nova Guinea 6, 3, p. 71-92. (First record of Silurian tabulate coral Halysites from float in Noordoost River, S of Central Range, West Papua. Material collected by Van Nouhuys during the Lorentz 1909-1910 South New Guinea expedition) Terpstra, H. (1939)- Resultaten van een goud exploratie in het stroomgebied van de Lorentz en Eilanden Rivier in Nederlands Nieuw Guinea. De Ingenieur in Nederl. Indie IV, 6, 1, p. 1-6. (‘Results of gold exploration in the drainage areas of the Lorentz and Eilanden Rivers, W New Guinea’) Thery, J.M., M. Pubellier, B. Thery, J. Butterlin, A. Blondeau & C.G. Adams (1999)- Importance of active tectonics during karst formation. A Middle Eocene to Pleistocene example of the Lina Mountains (Irian Jaya, Indonesia). Geodinamica Acta 12, 3-4, p. 213-221. (Lina Mts at E side Birds Head Ayumara Plateau, with Pleistocene karsting in Eocene Faumai Fm platform carbonate. ~250m of Lacazinella-bearing M-L Eocene on Late Maastrichtian, overlain by>50m of Oligocene Sirga sst.) Thirnbeck, M.R. (2001)- The Sentani and Siduarsi nickel-cobalt laterite deposits, Northeast Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: G. Hancock (ed.) Proc. PNG Geology, Exploration and Mining Conference, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Melbourne, p. 245-254. Thirnbeck, M.R. (2004)- A search for gold in Indonesian New Guinea. In: Proc. PACRIM 2004 Conf., Hi tech and world competitive mineral success stories around the Pacific Rim, Adelaide 2004, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, p. 391-399. (Overview of twelve 1994-1999 gold exploration programs North of Central Range, W Papua) Tikku, A.A., C. Subarya, Masturyono, R. McCaffrey & J. Genrich (2006)- Motion of the Bird's Head Block and co-seismic deformation from GPS data. Amer. Geoph. Union Meeting, Baltimore 2006 (Abstract only) (Previous analysis of GPS data collected between 1991 and 1997 revealed rotation of Bird's Head Block of W New Guinea and high shear rates between Pacific and Australian plates accommodated within block. Additional GPS data collected between 1998- 2005) Tikku, A.A., C. Subarya, Masturyono, R. McCaffrey & J. Genrich (2009?)- Evidence from GPS data for an Eastern Bird's Head Block in Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res., in prep., p. (GPS data collected between 1992-2005 suggest Birds Head moving ~100 mm/yr WSW relative to Australia. Cenderawasih Bay area more SW movement, suggesting separate ‘East Birds Head Plate’ that accommodates shear between Birds Head block and Austrlaian plate) Tjia, H.D. (1973)- Irian fault zone and Sorong melange, Indonesia. Sains Malaysiana 2, 1, p. 13-30. Tjia, H.D., R. Hadian, A.R. Sumailani & A. Martono (1980)- The nature of Umsini volcano, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Bull. Volcanology 43, 3, p. 595-600.


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(Mount Umsini listed as active volcano in Bird’s Head of Irian Jaya. Mountain occurs at N end of Arfak Range that consists of tilted and presumably folded early turbidite sequences and volcano-clastic rocks that were intruded by Early Oligocene gabbroic rocks. Absence of any volcanic activity, crater relicts and general morphology, and lithology suggests Mount Umsini is not a volcano) Tobing, S.L., A. Achdan, G.P. Robinson & R.J. Ryburn (1990)- Geological map of the Steenkool sheet, Irian Jaya,1: 250,000. Geol. Res. Devel. Centre, Bandung. Tonny, S.A. & H. Bagiyo (1993)- New insight on tectonic setting and hydrocarbon potential of Cenderawasih Bay and its adjacent areas. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 2, p. 664-677. (Cenderawasih Bay underlain by deformed oceanic and volcanic rock basement. Pull-apart basin between Sorong and Tarera- Aiduna fault zones. Sediment-fill similar to Mamberamo Basin, where there are hydrocarbon indications) Tregoning, P. & A. Gorbatov (2004)- Evidence for active subduction at the New Guinea Trench. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L13608, doi:10.1029/2004GL020190, 4p. (Seismic tomography shows SW-ward subduction along New Guinea Trench in PNG and Indonesia. Highvelocity zone down to ~300km, with dip angle gradually increasing from ~10° at ~143°E to 30° at ~136°E. Length of ~650 km of subducted slab under New Guinea suggests subduction started at ~9 Ma) Turner, S., J.M.J. Vergoossen & G.C. Young (1995)- Fish microfossils from Irian Jaya. Mem. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont. 18, p. 165-178. (Late Silurian (M Ludlow) thelodonts and acanthodians micro-remains from Lorenz River in eastern W Papua and Kemum Fm of N part of Birds Head are first Paleozoic fish fossils from W Papua. Most forms compaprable to Late Silurian- earliest Devonian N Hemisphere forms (Burrow et al. 2010: Silurian thelodont scales originally referred by Turner et al. (1995) to Thelodus trilobatus might be better placed in Praetrilogania)) Ubaghs, J.G.H. (1955)- Mineral deposits in the Cyclops Mountains (Netherlands New Guinea). Nova Guinea, new ser. 6, 1, p. 167-175. (Indications of nickel-cobalt, chromium, talc, asbestos, etc., all associated with peridote-serpentinite in Cyclops Mountains of NE part of West Papua) Umbach, K.E. & D. Klepacki (1994)- A triangle zone along the active thrust front in southern Irian Jaya. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 305-321. Untung, M. (1982)- Gravity and magnetic study of the Kepala Burung region, Irian Jaya. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. of New England, NSW, Australia, p. (Unpublished) Untung, M. (1989)- The isostatic state of the crust in the western portion of Irian Jaya. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 43-59. (Strong gravity gradients along main transform zones like Sorong fault. Not much new) Untung, M., Sardjono, I. Budiman, J. Nasution, E. Mirnanda, E.G. Sirodj & L.F. Henage (1995)- Hydrocarbon prospect mapping using balanced cross-sections and gravity modelling, Onin and Kumawa Peninsulas, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century. Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. 1994, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 445-470. (Geology mapping and acquisition of gravity data along 26 traverses (650 km) across Onin and Kumawa peninsulas. Predominant outcrop is karstified New Guinea Limestone, up to 2150 m thick. Onin and Kumawa peninsulas lie at margin of Jurassic rift faulting, inverted during Pliocene-Pleistocene collision of Australian Plate and Banda arc. Gravity data indicate basement at depth of ~3 km in Onin area, ~6 km in Bomberai area) Untung, M., Sardjono, I. Budiman, J. Nasution, E. Mirnanda, L.F. Henage & E.G. Sirodj (1996)- Balanced cross-section and gravity modelling for hydrocarbon prospect mapping in the Onin and Kumawa Peninsulas, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 19, p. 1-32.


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(Same paper as above) Urban, L. & M.L. Allen (1977)- Vitrinite reflectance as an indicator of thermal alteration within Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments from the Phillips Petroleum Company ASM-1X well, Arafura Sea. Palynology 1, p. 19-26. (Palynology of Late Permian- Early Cretaceous section. Early Cretaceous unconformable on Early Triassic. Lack of liquid hydrocarbon source. Max. maturity in early oil window) Valenta, W.T. (1979)- Seismic modelling of porosity distribution in a Miocene reef, Salawati Island, Indonesia. Proc. 8th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Conv., p.159-176. Valk W (1960)- Notes on coal in Netherlands New Guinea. Nova Guinea, Geol., 1-3, p. 1-4. (Reported coal seams near Horna are not Eocene, but extensively faulted Pliocene lignite seams, unsuitable for exploitation. Similar unfavorable results for other reported occurrences) Valk, W. (1962)- Geology of West Amberbaken (New Guinea). Geol. Mijnbouw 41, 9, p. 384-390. (N coast mountain range of Birds Head dominated by andesites, part of E-W trending, 120x30 km andesite province, probably >1000m thick and dipping ~20° N. Associated brackish-fresh water shales probably of earliest Miocene (Te) age. Further West similar shales overlain by Tf1- E-M Miocene limestones. Mio-Pliocene or Pliocene folding event) Valk, W. (1962)- Geologische verkenning omgeving Ilaga. Bureau Mines Netherlands New Guinea, Report 25, 6p. (Brief report on geological reconnaissance of the Ilaga region, Central Range, W Papua) Valk, W., B. Broos, A. Doeve et al. (1961)- Geologische verkenning Bokondini-Kelila-Pyramide, WamenaKoerima. Bureau Mines Netherlands New Guinea, Report 23, p. (Geological reconnaissance of area around Wamena Grand Valley, Central Range, West Papua) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1939)- The geotectonic structure of New Guinea. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie, IV, 6, 2, p. 17-27. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1940)- Verslag van een petrographisch onderzoek der gesteente collectie van het Boven Digoel gebied, verzameld tijdens de derde expeditie der N.V. Mijnbouw Maatschappij Nederlandsch Nieuw Guinea (1938-1939). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 7, 10, IV, p. 137-145. ('Report of petrographic analysis of a rock collection from the Upper Digul area, collected by Third Netherlands New Guinea Mining Company expedition in 1938-1939, W Papua') Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1953)- Geologie. In: W.C. Klein (ed.) Nieuw Guinea, I, Dutch Govt. Printing Office, The Hague p. 259-284. (West Papua geology review chapter) Van den Bold, W.A. (1942)- Some rocks from the course of the Digoel, the Oewi-Merah and the Eilanden River (South New Guinea). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam 45, 8, p. 850-854. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017831.pdf) (Pebbles of igneous rocks collected in Digul, Oewi-Merah (tributary of Digoel) and Eilanden rivers in S New Guinea by Heldring in 1909 include augite granite, augite monzonite, diorite, gabbro. Probably all of Neogene age. No illustrations) Van den Boogaard, M. (1990)- A Ludlow conodont fauna from Irian Jaya (Indonesia). Scripta Geol. 92, p. 1-27. (Online at: www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148767) (Description of Silurian conodonts from calcareous quartz sandstone boulder from Lorentz (or Noord) River, S Irian Jaya, collected by Heldring in 1906 S of Camp Alkmaar. Dominated by two forms also known from SE Australia and Yunnan. Age probably Late Ludlowian. Rock initially described by Martin (1911) who noticed small trilobite fragments)


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Van der Wegen, G. (1962)- Geologische verkenning van de Baliem kloof. Bureau Mines Netherlands New Guinea, Report 31, p. (Unpublished) (First geological reconnaissance of Baliem Gorge, Central Range) Van der Wegen, G. (1963)- De geologie van het eiland Waigeo (Nieuw Guinea). Geologie Mijnb. 42, p. 3-12. (Oceanic/ volcanic arc assemblage of folded pre-Oligocene ultrabasic rocks and pelagic sediments of unknown age overlain by Batanta Fm, dominated by andesitic and basaltic volcanics in lower part, greywackes in upper part. Age includes Lower Te (Late Oligocene). Overlain (unconfomably?; with pebbles of andesite and Batanta Fm at base) by >1450m of Upper Tf-Tg (M Miocene-Pliocene) carbonates of Waigeo Fm). Van der Wegen, G. (1966)- Contribution of the Bureau of Mines to the geology of the Central mountains of W. New Guinea. Geologie Mijnbouw 45, 8, p. 249-261. Van der Wegen, G. (1971)- Metamorphic rocks in West Irian. Scripta Geologica 1, p. 1-13. (Online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148792) (Metamorphics along N edge of Central range of W Irian associated with ophiolitic suite basic- ultrabasic rocks, and indicating regional metamorphism under high pressure and low temperature conditions. Metamorphic rocks at Australian-side of Papuan Geosyncline associated with medium- acidic intrusives) Van der Wegen, G., J.H.A. Doeve et al. (1962)- Geologische verkenning Katoepa- Kangeh Rivier. Bureau Mines Netherlands New Guinea, Report 27, p. (Unpublished) Van de Waard, R. (1962)- Geologische verkenning Ilaga-Mulia-Sinak. Bureau Mines Netherlands New Guinea, Report 28, p. (Unpublished) ('Geological reconnaissance of Ilaga-Mulia- Sinak', W part of Central Range) Van Dun, F.W.P. (1962)- A survey of the Efar-Sidoas Mountain ridge in northern Netherlands New Guinea. Geol. Mijnbouw 41, 9, p. 391-395. (Geologic reconnaissance in Efar-Sidoas ridge, 50 km SE of Sarmi on N coast of W Papua shows ridge composed of folded Tertiary sediments with core of basic igneous rocks and pre-Tertiary schists) Van Es, E. (1959)- Korte toelichting bij de fotogeologische kaart van het Westelijk Centrale Bergland van Nederlands Nieuw Guinea. Report Stichting Geologisch Onderzoek Nederlands Nieuw Guinea, 18, 13p. Van Gelder, J.K. (1912)- Verslag omtrent eene geologische verkenning van de Mamberamo-Rivier op NieuwGuinea. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 39 (1910), Verhand., p. 87-112. (Geological reconnaissance Mamberano and Lower Idenburg Rivers during 1909 ‘military expedition’. Mostly alluvial deposits, with folded Young Tertiary clastics with andesite intrusions in Van Rees mountains. Possibly 5 km thick Young Tertiary stratigraphic section along Van Gelder River, from which also ?Old Tertiary limestone and float of Cretaceous fossils were reported. Van Rees Mts- Meervlakte transition structurally complex fault zone. Toradja River (tributary of Mamberamo River), at foot of Central Range, with only metamorphic and ultrabasic rocks) Van Gorsel, J.T. (2012)- Middle Jurassic ammonites from the Cendrawasih Bay coast and North Lengguru foldbelt, West Papua: implications of a ‘forgotten’ 1913 paper. Berita Sediment. 23, p. 35-41. (online at: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/) (Occurrences of Middle Jurassic (Bathonian-Callovian) bathyal shales with 'Macrocephalites' ammonite faunas as reported from 'Birds Neck' by Boehm (1913) and Gerth (1927) represent deep marine Middle Jurassic facies. This suggests an eastern limit for gas-productive Middle Jurassic sandstone reservoirs of Bintuni Bay and thus have significant negative implications for the potential of Mesozoic hydrocarbon plays in Cenderawasih Bay) Van Nort, S.D., G.W. Atwood, T.B. Collinson, D.C. Flint & D.R. Potter (1991)- Geology and mineralization of the Grasberg copper-gold deposit, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Mining Engineering 43, p. 300-303.


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Van Rossum, B. (1958)- Geological survey of the Central Digoel hinterland. Nederlands Nieuw Guinea Petroleum Maatschappij (NNGPM) Geol. Rept. 460, p. (Unpublished) Vera, R. (2009)- Characterization of Roabiba Sandstone reservoir in Bintuni Field, Papua. M.Sc. Thesis, Texas A&M University, College Station,p. 1-114. (online at: www.repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/...1/.../VERA-THESIS.pdf?). Verbeek, R.D.M. (1908)- Molukken-verslag. Geologische verkenningstochten in het Oostelijke gedeelte van den Nederlandsch Oost-Indischen Archipel. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 37, Wetensch. Ged., 826 p. (Extensive, classic ‘Moluccas report’, an early geological reconnaissance of East Indonesian islands) Verhofstad, J. (1967)- Glaucophanitic stone implements from West New Guinea (West Irian). Geologie Mijnbouw 45, p. 291-300. (Some stone tools in W New Guinea are glaucophane-lawsonite metamorphic facies rock) Verhofstad, J., H. de Herdt et al. (1961)- Geologische verkenning Swart Vallei. Bureau Mines Netherlands New Guinea, Report 26, 7p. (Unpublished) (‘Geological reconnaissance of the Swart valley’, Central Range) Verhofstad, J., D. Kerrebijn et al. (1961)- Geologische verkenning Swart Vallei- Bokondini- Archbold Meer. Bureau Mines Netherlands New Guinea, Report 24, 14p. Verstappen, H.Th. (1952)- Luchtfotostudies over het centrale bergland van Nederlands Nieuw Guinea- part 1. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen. 74, p. 336-362. (Air-photo studies of W New Guinea Central Range- part 1) Verstappen, H.Th. (1952)- Luchtfotostudies over het centrale bergland van Nederlands Nieuw Guinea- part 2. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen. 74, p. 425-431. (Air-photo studies of W New Guinea Central Range- part 2) Verstappen, H.Th. (1960)- Geomorphological observations on the North Moluccan- Northern Vogelkop island arcs. Nova Guinea, Geol. 1-3; p. 13-37. (Following peneplanation of pre-upper Miocene volcanic rocks, on whose surfaces Miocene conglomerates and limestones were deposited, crustal movements formed volcanic and non-volcanic island arc with intervening deep. Volcanic arc extends from Morotai through Halmahera to N Vogelkop and non- volcanic arc from NE and SE Halmahera through Gebe toward Waigeo. Present-day coastal features product of postglacial eustatic and younger tectonic activity) Verstappen, H.Th. (1964)- Geomorphology of the Star Mountains. Nova Guinea (Geology) 5, p. 101-158. (Star mountains (Sterrengebergte) of W Papua major boxfolds, steep escarpments and karsted limestone terrains. Relief in youthful stage. Local remnants of older erosion surface occur, separated by areas of lower elevation with complete rejuvenation) Verstappen, H.Th. & J.P. Doets (1950)- Enige geomorphologische aantekeningen over de Wisselmeren, Centraal Nederlands Nieuw Guinea. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Gen. LXVII, p. 489-496. ('Geomorphologic notes on the Wissel (=Paniai) Lakes, Central New Guinea'. Three lakes at 1640- 1749m altitude, draining to S, but Paniani Lake may have drained N before main uplift of Central Range) Vincelette, R.R. (1973)- Reef exploration in Irian Jaya. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon.Petrol. Assoc., p. 243-277. Vincelette, R.R. & R.A. Soeparjadi (1976)- Oil-bearing reefs in Salawati Basin of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 60, p.1448-1462. (Salawati basin >4,600 m marine Tertiary sedimentary deposits. Basin initiated in Miocene, with deposition of


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basinal limestone and shale. E and S basin margins shallow-water carbonate rocks with well-defined shelf and shelf margin. Productive reef belt basinward of shelf margin. Reefs heights >490 m, areal extent 5- 124 km2. Porosities in reefal carbonate up to 43%, average 20- 30%. Late Pliocene-Pleistocene normal faults cut many reefs, which combined with postreef structural tilt modified original reefs configuration and oil accumulations) Vink, W. (1960)- The mining potentials of Netherlands New Guinea. Nova Guinea, N.S., X, Geology 1, 3, p. 512. Visser, W.A. (1968)- A geological reconnaissance in the Nassau Range: discussion. Geol. Mijnbouw 47, 1, p. 47-49. Visser, W.A. & J.J. Hermes (1962)- Geological results of the exploration for oil in Netherlands New Guinea. Verh. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Genootschap, Geol. Series 20, p. 1-265. (Extensive compilation of NNGPM (Netherlands New Guinea Petroleum Maatschappij= Shell-Caltex-Stanvac consortium) oil exploration and survey work in W New Guinea from 1935-1960) Visser, W.A. & K.E. Kleiber (1959)- Geology of the Vogelkop, Netherlands New Guinea. Proc. 5th World Petrol. Congress, New York 1959, 1, 52, p. 943-956. (Birds Head oldest sediments of Silurian age, intensely folded, possibly in Devonian. Unconformably overlain by Permo-Carboniferous clastics and minor limestones up to 2450m in N Birds head. Thin Triassic redbeds overlain by M Jurassic- Cretaceous marine Kembelangan Fm. Paleocene- Miocene section mostly carbonates, except for Oligocene Sirga-Ainod clastics, which were derived from N. N rim of Tertiary basin steeply dipping) Wachsmuth, W. & F. Kunst (1986)- Wrench fault tectonics in Northern Irian Jaya. Proc. 15th Ann Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 371-376. Wahyono & Sidarto (2001)- Aspek geologi endapan batubara di daerah Sorong, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 26, p. 1-13. (On thin Plio- Pleistocene coal deposits near Sorong, W BirdsHead, E Salawati Basin, in regressive Klasaman Fm. Sediments derived from Sorong Fault Zone High in North) Ward, M.A. (1974)- Report on geological reconnaissance Block 5, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. PT Paniai Lakes Minerals, Report, p. (unpublished) Warren, P.Q. (1995)- Petrology, structure and tectonics of the Ruffaer metamorphic belt, west central Irian Jaya, Indonesia. M.A. Thesis Univ. Texas, Austin, 2 vols., 338 p. (Unpublished) Warren, P.Q. & M. Cloos (2007)- Petrology and tectonics of the Derewo metamorphic belt, West New Guinea. Int. Geol. Rev. 49, 6 , p. 520-553. (Derewo-Rouffaer Metamorphic Belt (DM) >500 km long, ~10-30 km wide terrane composed of slate and phyllite on N flank of Central Range. S edge is Derewo fault in W, but gradational with unmetamorphosed passive margin strata in E. N boundary is fault contact with Irian Ophiolite Belt. Metamorphic protoliths are Jurassic-Cretaceous Australian passive-margin strata. Most of rock pelitic, with minor siltstones, sandstones protoliths. Peak metamorphic conditions in Hitalipa area 250-350°C at 5-8 kbar (burial depths of 15- 25 km). DM formed as Australian continental rise and slope sediments entered N-dipping subduction zone since 30 Ma. Widespread emergence by 12 Ma, followed by major uplift from collisional orogenesis at ~8 Ma. Present-day high topography of C Range established by ~4 Ma when delamination of subducting plate was complete and collisional movements changed into left-lateral transform fault system. Tens of km of strike-slip displacement in core of C Range, offsetting parts of metamorphic belt along Derewo and related faults) Wass, R.E. (1989)- Early Permian bryzoa from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Palaeont. Ser. 6, p. 11-25. (Common late E Permian (Baigendzhinian) bryozoa in outcrops of Aifat Fm (= M Aifam) of upper Aifar River, SW part of Birds Head. Assemblages affinities with Thailand and NW Australia)


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Weiland, R.J. (1993)- Plio-Pleistocene unroofing of the Irian fold-and-thrust belt South of the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) Mining district, Irian Jaya, Indonesia: apatite fission-track thermochronology. M.A. Thesis, Univ. Texas, Austin, 84 p. Weiland, R.J. (1999)- Emplacement of the Irian ophiolite and unroofing of the Ruffaer metamorphic belt of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Texas, Austin, 526 p. (Irian Ophiolite metabasites near Gauttier Offset exhumed from NE dipping subduction zone. Amphibolites metamorphosed at ~700°C, blueschists at ~400°C, eclogites at ~450°C. Metamorphism ages between 65/70 Ma- 50/ 45 Ma. N Rouffaer Metamorphic Belt metapelites K-Ar ages ~35- 20 Ma, recording metamorphism of passive margin strata. Intrusives near Irian Ophiolite characteristic of volcanic arcs; isotopic ages ~35-24 Ma (allochthonous Oligocene- E Miocene oceanic arc) and ~12-10 Ma (autochthonous M Miocene Maramuni Arc). Subduction of Australian passive margin strata and continental lithosphere led to uplift of Irian Ophiolite. Exhumation of metamorphic rocks by normal faulting near ophiolite-metamorphic belt contact (amphibolites from <15 km, slate from 15-20 km, phyllites from 25-30 km). Blueschists and eclogite exhumed from 25-35 km depth along Gauttier Offset. Unroofing in E metamorphic belt increased from 23 to 2 Ma. W metamorphic belt unroofed at ~0.3 km/m.y. from 21-3 Ma and ~6.9 km/m.y.) Weiland, R.J. & M. Cloos (1996)- Pliocene-Pleistocene asymmetric unroofing of the Irian fold belt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia: apatite fission-track thermochronology. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 108, 11, p. 1438-1449. (Apatite from Ertsberg district Pliocene intrusions at crest of C Range yield fission-track ages 3.7 ± 0.9 to 2.0 ± 0.3 Ma. Grasberg pluton emplaced into its own volcanic cover and <2 km of material eroded since Pliocene. Apatites from Triassic-Jurassic Tipuma, Carboniferous-Permian Aiduna Fms and igneous dikes exposed halfway S slope of range fission-track ages between 2.7 ± 0.7 and 2.0 ± 0.5 Ma and indication of slower cooling than Pliocene intrusions. Resetting of provenance fission-track ages in detrital apatite requires burial deeper >4 km. Unroofing of Irian fold belt at least 2.5x and perhaps >5x faster, on lower S slope than at crest of range, probably due to higher precipitation on S slope of C Range) Westermann, G.E.G. (1995)- Mid-Jurassic Ammonitina from the Central Ranges of Irian Jaya and the origin of stephanoceratids. In: Barnabas Geczy Jubilee Volume, Hantkeniana 1, Budapest, p. 105-118. Westermann, G.E.G. & J.H. Callomon (1988)- The Macrocephalitinae and associated Bathonian and early Callovian (Jurassic) ammonoids of the Sula islands and New Guinea. Palaeontographica A, 203, 90 p. (Five Bathonian- Early Callovian ammonite assemblages on Sula Islands and from Bathonian at PNG Strickland River. Similar assemblages, both with many endemic species. Sula assemblages more diverse and possibly from warmer, lower paleo-latitude than Birds Head faunas) Westermann, G.E.G. & T.A. Getty (1970)- New Middle Jurassic Ammonitina from New Guinea. Bull. Amer. Paleont. 57, 256, p. 231-308. (Bajocian- Callovian ammonites from loose stream bed material in Kemabu valley, NE of Paniai Lakes, Central Range, presumably from Kembelangan Fm ‘A-member’ phyllites and re-examination of Bajocian- Callovian ammonites from other parts Indonesian archipelago. Most ammonite species endemic to E Indonesia) Wichmann, A. (1909)- Entdeckungsgeschichte von Neu-Guinea (bis 1828). In: A. Wichmann (ed.) Nova Guinea, Resultats de l’expedition scientifique neerlandaise a la Nouvelle Guinee en 1903, E.J. Brill, Leiden, vol. I, p. 1-387. ('Discovery history of New Guinea (until 1828)') Wichmann, A. (1910)- Entdeckungsgeschichte von Neu-Guinea (1828 bis 1885). In: A. Wichmann (ed.) Nova Guinea, Resultats de l’expedition scientifique neerlandaise a la Nouvelle Guinee en 1903, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 2, 1, p. 1-369. ('Discovery history of New Guinea (1828- 1885)')


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Wichmann, A. (1912)- Entdeckungsgeschichte von Neu-Guinea (1885-1902). In: A. Wichmann (ed.) Nova Guinea, Resultats de l’expedition scientifique neerlandaise a la Nouvelle Guinee en 1903, E.J. Brill, Leiden, vol. II, 2, p. 371-1026. ('Discovery history of New Guinea (1885-1902)') Wichmann, A. (1917)- Bericht uber eine im Jahre 1903 ausgeführte Reise nach Neu-Guinea. In: A. Wichmann (ed.) Nova Guinea, Resultats de l’expedition scientifique neerlandaise a la Nouvelle Guinee en 1903, E.J. Brill, Leiden, vol. IV, p. 1-492. (Detailed geographic- geological travel account of 1903 expedition to Northern Netherlands New Guinea. Zwierzycki 1932: Records of Late Jurassic ammonites in area of low metamorphic phyllites- quartzites near Jamoer Lake, Middle Jurassic ammonites near Wendesi along Cenderawasih Bay, etc. Occ. Eocene limestone with Lacazinella on Dramia Island off Lengguru foldbelt, etc) Widdowson, G. (2001)- E. Indonesian Gas-2- Potential giant gas reserves await development in Irian Jaya. Oil & Gas J. 99, 26, June 25, 2001, p. Widodo, S., P. Manning, N. Wiwoho, L. Johnson, N. Belluz, B. Kusnanto, G. MacDonald & A.C. Edwards (1999)- Progress in understanding and developing the Kucing Liar orebody, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. In: Proc. PACRIM '99 Congress, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, Publ. Ser. 4/99, p. 499-507. (Kucing Liar skarn deposit in Ertsberg mining district. Orebody first intersected in 1994 drill holes and consists of magnetite-copper-gold replacement and skarn mineralisation in Tertiary and Cretaceous units) Widyanita, A., A. Purwati, J. Naar & W. Hidayat (2011)- Geocellular modelling of Vorwata, Wiriagar Deep, Roabiba and Ofaweri Fields, Tangguh JV. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-096, 14p. (Reservoir model of M Jurassic Roabiba Fm of 5-field Tangguh gas field complex. Vorwata field ~80% of total resources. Model divided into 3 members, 15 zones. Some zones partially eroded or pinching-out. Roabiba Fm sandstones- mudstones deposited in tide-influenced braided rivers and deltas (Lw Roabiba; ToarcianBajocian), tide-dominated delta and tidal-shoreface (U Roabiba; Late Bajocian- Bathonian) and delta frontoffshore settings (M Roabiba; Bajocian). Williams, P.R. & Amiruddin (1983)- Diapirism and deformation East of the Mamberamo River, Northern Irian Jaya. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 68-79. (Hilly terrain E of Mamberamo River underlain by Mamberamo Fm Late Miocene-Pleistocene predominantly deep marine clastics. Shale diapirism caused much of deformation. Parts of succession overturned, probably prior to current diapiric intrusion. Blocks in diapirs probable Eocene to M Miocene ages. Diapirism probably initiated because of overpressuring due to rapid deposition and tectonic compression. Scaly clay formation not related to collision or subduction, but to diapirism in transcurrent fault system) Williams, P.R. & Amiruddin (1984)- Diapirism and deformation East of the Mamberamo River, Northern Irian Jaya. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 10, p. 10-20. (Same paper as above) Williams, P.R., C.J. Pigram & C.B. Dow (1984)- Melange production and the importance of shale diapirism in accretionary terranes. Nature 309, p. 145-146. (N Irian Jaya discontinuous belt of melange between Cenderawasih Bay and PNG border product of shale diapirism. Deformation of up to 7000m of Mamberamo Fm M Miocene- Pliocene turbidites from M Pleistocene until today. Matrix of diapyric mudstones rich in M Miocene foraminifera. Exotic blocks include Eocene- E Miocene limestone, volcanic rocks, serpentinites) Williams, P.W. (1971)- Illustrating morphometric analysis of karst with examples from New Guinea. Zeitschrift Geomorph., N.F, 15, p. 40-61. Wilson, J.N. (1995)- Geologic summary of the Salawati Basin, Irian Jaya. In: Seismic atlas of Indonesian oil and gas fields II: Java, Kalimantan, Natuna, Irian Jaya, Pertamina, p. IRJ1-IRJ5.


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(Salawati Basin Tertiary feature over tectonic terranes accreted in Paleocene. N and W portion over Kemum Fm metamorphosed Silurian and Devonian clastics. S and E part over Paleozoic- Lower Tertiary shallow water sandstones, coals and shales. Well data indicate Salawati Basin initiated in Upper Oligocene. Sirga Fm sstshales overlie igneous/metamorphic basement and are transgressed by Kais Fm limestones. Late Miocene increase in subsidence caused development of pinnacle reefs on basin margin and drowning of many older reefs. Sorong fault more active at end-Miocene, creating landmass to N with massive influx of Pliocene Klasafet Fm clastics, locally 6 km thick. Pleistocene tectonic episode created complex fault system) Winkelmolen, A.W., J.W.C.M. van der Sijp & F.H. van Oyen (1955)- Geological reconnaissance of the Wissel Lakes area (Central Dutch New Guinea). NNGPM Rept. 26497, p. (Unpublished NNGPM report, showing outcrops of Triassic (Tipuma Fm) sandstones at W side Paniai Lake (not captured on more recent GRDC map)) Wiryosujono, S. (1997)- Beberapa aspek diagenesis batugamping Formasi Warifi bagian bawah di daerah Wamena, Irian Jaya diamati melalui sayatan tipis. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 7, 70, p. 11-18. ('Some aspects of the carbonate diagenesis of the lower Warifi (=Waripi?) Fm in the Wamena area, Irian Jaya') Yabe, H. & T. Sugiyama (1942)- Younger Cenozoic reef corals from the Nabire beds of Nabire, Dutch New Guinea. Proc. Imperial Acad. (Tokyo), 18, 1, p. 16-23. (Fossil reef corals from beds considered to be of Plio-Pleistocene age in Nabire district,W Papua. Description of new species Cyathoseris? tayamai) Yabe, H. & T. Sugiyama (1942)- Notes on Anisocoenia Reuss and Favoidea Reuss. Proc. Imperial Acad. (Tokyo) 18, 4, p. 194-199. (Reviews of related coral genera Anisocoenia and Favoidea. Description of specimen of Anisocoenia junghuhni from Plio-Pleistocene of Nabire district, W Papua, which is very similar to typical Favoidea) Yoshino, H., T. Tanaka & H. Yamaguchi (2003)- Petroleum geology in Bintuni Basin in East Indonesia- a case study of exploration and evaluation of giant gas fields. J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn. 68, p. 200-210. (Bintuni fore-deep basin has certified 14.4 TCF gas for Wiriagar, Berau and Muturi PSCs in Jurassic and Paleocene reservoirs) Yudhanto, E.V. & D. Pasaribu (2012)- Structural evolution of Ubadari Field, Bird’s Head, Papua. Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA, Jakarta, IPA12-G-187, p. 1-10. (Ubadari field in Berau PSC, about 50 km SW of Tangguh is 1997 gas discovery in M Jurassic Roabiba sst and Paleocene sst reservoirs. Bird’s Head region three main erosion events: Permo-Triassic, Oligocene (NW-SE structural trends of Ubadari, Kalitami, Wiriagar, and Vorwata; believed to be result of initial collision between Australian and Pacific plates) and Pliocene. Ubadari low relief structure before Pliocene and continued to grow to present day structure. Roabiba sst sandstone transgressive succession, back stepping from SW to NE) Yzerman, R. (1939)- Korte verslagen van den geoloog der expeditie van het Kon. Ned.Aardr. Gen. naar het Wisselmeergebied en het Nassau-gebergte op Nederlandsch Nieuw Guinea in 1938. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 56, p. 677-679 and p. 791-792. (Short reports by geologist of 1938 Dutch Geographical Society Expedition to Wissel (Paniai) Lakes and Central Range) Yzerman, R. (1947)- De aanstaande expeditie van het Nederlandsch Nieuw Guinea Exploratie Committee. Bull. Bur. Mines Geol. Surv. Indonesia 1, 1, p. 17-19. (‘The upcoming expedition of the Netherlands New Guinea Exploration Committee’) Zarmansyah, T.A. & G.J. Edelbrock (1992)- Drilling in karst terrain of Irian Jaya. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 2, p. 98-108.


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Zwierzycki, J. (1924)- Verslag over geologisch-mijnbouwkundige onderzoekingen in een gedeelte van NoordNieuw-Guinea. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie, 50 (1921), Verhand., 1, p. 95-161. (‘Geological-mining survey in a part of North New Guinea’. Numerous gas and salt water seeps; also 2 oil seeps (Teer River and tributary of Verkam River). Tectonic complexity of region suggests no commercial petroleum potential to Zwierzycki. Includes petrographic descriptions by W.F. Gisolf, p. 133-161) Zwierzycki, J. (1926)- Notes on the morphology and tectonics of the North Coast of New Guinea. Philippines J. Sci. 29, 4, p. 505- 515. (Abbreviated, English version of Zwierzycki 1924 geology of North New Guinea) Zwierzycki, J. (1928)- Geologische overzichtskaart van Nederlandsch Indie. Toelichting bij de bladen XIV en XXI (Noord en Zuid Nieuw Guinea). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 56 (1927), Verhand. I, p. 248-308. (Early 1:1,000, 000 overview maps of North and South New Guinea) Zwierzycki, J. (1932)- Geologische overzichtskaart van den Nederlandsch-Indischen Archipel, schaal 1: 1,000,000. Toelichting bij blad XIII (Vogelkop, West Nieuw Guinee). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 59 (1930), Verhand. 3, p. 1-55. (Early map and overview of Birds Head geology)


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VIII.2. Papua New Guinea Abbott, L.D. (1995)- Neogene tectonic reconstruction of the Adelbert-Finisterre-New Britain collision, northern Papua New Guinea. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, p. 33-51. (Finisterre terrane colliding with Australian continent in N PNG today. Exposed in Adelbert and Finisterre blocks. Provenance shifts date collision at 3.0-3.7 Ma. Late Pliocene deep water basin between Adelbert block and continent. Deep marine sediments overthrust by older lithologies of Adelbert block. Collision of E part Adelbert block in M-Late Pliocene. W Adelbert block probably collided in latest Miocene. Collision of Adelbert block and most of Finisterre block above single, N-dipping subduction zone. Double subduction in Solomon Sea never extended >200 km W of present location) Abbott, L.D. & E.A. Silver (1991)- Geology of the southern Finisterre Range: a case history of modern arccontinent collision. In: R. Rogerson (ed.) Proc. PNG Geology Exploration and Mining Conf., Rabaul 1991. Australasian Inst. Min. Metall., Melbourne, p. 1-7. Abbott, L.D., E.A. Silver, R.S. Anderson, R. Smith, J.C. Ingle, S.A. Kling, D. Haig et al. (1997)- Measurement of tectonic surface uplift rate in a young collisional mountain belt. Nature 385, p. 501-507. (Finisterre Range, NE PNG, current tectonic uplift rate 0.8- 2.1 mm/yr) Abbott, L.D., E.A. Silver & J. Galewsky (1994)- Structural evolution of a modern arc-continent collision in Papua New Guinea. Tectonics 13, p. 1007-1034. (N PNG Finisterre Mts- W Solomon Sea site of young, active, oblique collision of Finisterre arc terrane. Accretionary wedge complex of SW-ward younging imbricate thrust sheets alongW-ward extension of New Britain Trench and outcrops in Finisterre Mts as Erap Structural Complex. Collision doubled crustal thickness to 50–52 km) Abbott, L.D., E.A. Silver, P.R. Thompson et al. (1994)- Stratigraphic constraints on the development and timing of the arc-continent collision in northern Papua New Guinea. J. Sediment. Res. B64, p. 169-183. (Two sandstone provenance shifts on S flank Finisterre Range. First shift at ~16-18 Ma, from volcanolithic sediments to mixed-provenance rich in quartz and metasedimentary lithics, probably derived from orogenic belt active along Australian continental margin at that time. At 3.0-3.7 Ma volcanic source rejuvenated, reflecting initial collision / uplift of SE-propagating Finisterre terrane and Australian continental margin) Abers, G.A. (1989)- Active tectonics and seismicity of New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Inst. Techn., 255 p. Abers, G.A., A. Ferris, M. Craig, H. Davies et al. (2002)- Mantle compensation of active metamorphic core complexes at Woodlark rift in Papua New Guinea. Nature 418, p. 862- 865. (Seismic observations of metamorphic core complexes of western Woodlark rift show thinned crust beneath regions of greatest surface extension. Core complexes are actively being exhumed at 5-10km/Myr, and thinning of underlying crust appears to be compensated by mantle rocks of anomalously low density) Abers, G.A. & H. Lyon-Caen (1990)- Regional gravity anomalies, depth of the foreland basin and isostatic compensation of the New Guinea highlands. Tectonics 9, p. 1479-1493. (New Guinea foreland basin thickens from <200m in E PNG to 1 km in C PNG to >5km in W New Guinea, reflecting increasingly stronger lithosphere to W. PNG also lower elevations and young volcanism) Abers, G. & R. McCaffrey (1988)- Active deformation in the New Guinea fold-and-thrust belt: seismological evidence for strike-slip faulting and basement-involved thrusting. J. Geophys. Res. 93, B11, p. 13332-13354. (New Guinea fold-and-thrust belt trend oblique to predicted convergence direction. Large component of leftlateral shear expected, but little geological evidence for such motion. Earthquake mechanisms in New Guinea foldbelt since 1964 indicate thrust events, with steeply dipping fault planes, 11-25 km deep, showing thrust faulting penetrates crystalline basement at high angles. Most earthquakes in W half of thrust belt show E-W oriented, left lateral strike-slip faulting. Translation by strike-slip faulting may play greater role than previously recognized) Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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Abers, G. & R. McCaffrey (1994)- Active arc-continent collision: earthquakes, gravity anomalies and fault kinematics in the Huon-Finisterre collision zone, Papua New Guinea. Tectonics 13, p. 227-245. Abers, G., C.Z. Mutter & J. Fang (1994)- Shallow dips of normal faults during rapid extension; earthquakes in the Woodlark-D'Entrecasteaux rift system, Papua New Guinea. J. Geoph. Res., B, 102, 7,p. 15,301-15,317. Abers, G.A. & S.W. Roecker (1991)- Deep structure of an arc-continent collision: earthquake relocation and inversion for upper mantle P and S wave velocities beneath Papua New Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 96, B4, p. 6379-6401. (E PNG earthquakes and seismic velocities used to define subduction zones. Hypocenters show seismic zone dipping vertically or steeply to N beneath N Finistere-Huon ranges from 125-250 km depth, continuous along strike with New Britain seismic zone to E. No evidence for arc polarity reversal from seismicity. ) Adams, C.G. & D.J. Belford (1979)- A new foraminifer from the Middle Eocene of Papua New Guinea. Palaeontology 22, 1, p. 181-187. (Reticulogyra mirata, a new complex miliolid species from Middle Eocene Lower Chimbu limestone. Associates LF Fasciolites, Nummulites javanus, Dictyoconus chimbuensis) Afenya, P.M. (1986)- Chromite deposits of Papua New Guinea- a future potential source of chrome. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 19, p. 303-314. (Chromite deposits associated with New Guinea ophiolite belt. Two main deposits Ramu and Hessen Bay uneconomic in primary form, but higher concentrations in weathered zones) Aharon, P. & J. Chappell (1986)- Oxygen isotopes, sea level changes and the temperature history of a coral reef environment in New Guinea in the last 100,000 years. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 56, p. 337-379. (Seven reef terraces up to to 370m elevation along raising coast of Huon Peninsula, PNG. Spaced at 20 kyr intervals) Ahmed, M., S.A. Barclay, S.C. George, B. McDonald et al. (2004)- The distribution and isotopic composition of sulfur in solid bitumens from Papua New Guinea. In: R.J. Hill et al. (eds.) Geochemical investigation in earth and space science, a tribute to I.R. Kaplan. Geochem. Soc. Spec. Publ. 9, Elsevier, p. 51-58. Allan, T.L., J.A. Trotter, D.W. Whitford & M.J.Korsch (2000)- Strontium isotope stratigraphy and the Oligocene-Miocene T-Letter 'Stages' in Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al.(eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 155-168. Allan, T., D.J. Whitford, G. Morgan, D.J. Holland & D.P. Leech (2006)- Tertiary stratigraphy of the Papuan Basin: insights from Strontium dating. AAPG Perth Int. Conf. (Abstract only) (Three regressive cycles in Oligo-Miocene Darai Lst, each ending with shallow water limestones for which cycles are named: Mid Darai (28.5- 17.5 Ma), Mala (17.5-14 Ma) and Warre (14.0-7.1 Ma). Warre Cycle marks top of Darai Lst. Early Oligocene widespread in basal Darai Lst, with significant Eocene reworking, and recycling of quartz sand from Cretaceous into Eocene and Oligocene units. Last appearances of index foraminifera marking T-Letter stage boundaries coincide with lower Mid Darai and lower- upper Warre Cycle boundaries. In Papuan Foreland, cycle boundaries are correlated with 3rd order seismic sequences, including major off-platform Miocene erosional events. Eustatic sea level falls possible factor in faunal ‘turnovers’) Anfiloff, V. & A.J. Flavelle (1982)- Formal gravity interpretation over the 800-m Darai Escarpment in New Guinea. Geophysics 47; 7, p. 1091-1099. (Gravity traverse over 800-m Darai escarpment shows fault near base of escarpment. No vertical continuation bump directly over fault. Upthrown basement at depth of roughly 2500 m. Fault position near base of escarpment suggests history of repetitive crustal movements)


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APC- Anglo-Persian Oil Company (1930)- Oil exploration work in Papua and New Guinea. Harrison and Sons Ltd., London, vols. 1-4, p. (Account of oil exploration work by Anglo-Persian between 1920-1929) Arculus R.J., R.W. Johnson, B.W. Chappell, C.O. McKee & H. Sakai (1983)- Ophiolite-contaminated andesites, trachybasalts, and cognate inclusions of Mt. Lamington, Papua New Guinea: anhydrite-amphibolebearing lavas and the 1951 cumulodome. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 18, p. 215–247. Arculus, R.J. & C. Yeats (2007)- Volcanism and tectonism of the South Bismarck microplate, Papua New Guinea. R/V Southern Surveyor Voyage Summary SS06/2007, CSIRO, p. Arnold, G.O., T.J. Griffin & C.C. Hodge (1979)- Geology of the Ok Tedi and southern Atbalmin, 1:100 000 sheet. Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea, Report 79/3, p. Arnold, G.O. & T.J. Griffin (1978)- Intrusions and porphyry copper prospects of the Star Mountains, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol. 73, 5, p. 785-795. (Star Mountains of west PNG is copper province with Mount Fubilan (Ok Tedi) deposit and 10 other prospects. Wide range of calc-alkaline intrusions emplaced into Jurassic-Miocene shelf sediments at time of PlioPleistocene thrust faulting. Copper mineralization in skarns and disseminated in porphyry stocks) Asami, N. & R.M. Britten (1980)- The porphyry copper deposits at the Frieda River Prospect, Papua New Guinea: Mining Geol., Spec. Issue, 8, p. 117-139. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (1998)- Geology of Australian and Papua New Guinean mineral deposits, AusIMM, Parkville, Mon. 22, p. Australasian Petroleum Company-APC (1961)- Geological results of petroleum exploration in western Papua 1937-1961 (compilers C.A.E. O'Brian, K.W. Gray & I. Gillipie). J. Geol. Soc. Australia 8, 1, p. 1-133. (Compilation of previously unpublished PNG oil exploration and well data generated by APC) Australasian Petroleum Company (1961)- Puri No. 1 well, Papua. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., p. 1-59. (Final well report of APC Puri 1 well, drilled in 1958 on thrust-faulted anticline with repeated stratigraphy at E end of Kereri Range, PNG Highlands. TD 10,100’ in Cretaceous. In hanging wall ~1600’ of Eocene- Miocene limestone with Discocyclina, Eorupertia and Distichoplax biserialis near base (= Late Paleocene or E Eocene; HvG). Tested wet gas below 7425’ in sub-thrust Oligo-Miocene limestone) Ayyasami, K. & D.W. Haig (1997)- New evidence for Jurassic age of the lower Wahgi Group, northern flank of Kubor Anticline, Papua New Guinea. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaont., Monatshefte 10, p. 575-584. (Lower Maril Shale, overlying Omung Metamorphics on N flank Kubor Anticline, is Mid or Late Jurassic age, not Triassic as suggested by Francis et al. 1990) Bain, J.H.C. (1973)- A summary of the main structural elements of Papua New Guinea. In: P.J. Coleman (ed.) The Western Pacific: island arcs, marginal seas, geochemistry. Western Australia Univ. Press, Perth, p. 147161. Bain, J.H.C. & J.G. Binnekamp (1973)- The foraminifera and stratigraphy of the Chimbu Limestone, New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. Australia 139, p. 1-12. (~300m of M Eocene/Ta3- Early Oligocene/Tc limestone in Chimbu River gorge (Kubor Anticline?), paraconformable on Upper Cretaceous. Eocene with Lacazinella, Fasciolites/ Alveolina, Nummulites javanus, Discocyclina. No Pellatispira/ Biplanispira, as reported by Crespin 1938. Chimbu overlain by Early Miocene limestones, sometimes separated by mudstones) Bain, J.H.C., H.I. Davies & P.D. Hohnen (1972)- Geology of Papua New Guinea (map 1:1,000,000). Bur. Min. Res., Canberra.


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Bain, J.H.C. & D.E. MacKenzie (1974)- Karimui, Papua New Guinea Sheet SB/55-9. Papua New Guinea 1:250,000 Geological series and Explanatory Notes. Bureau of Mineral Resources., Canberra, p. 1-39. (Geologic map and explanatory notes of area North side of PNG Central Highlands, between 6-7° S and 144° 145°30'E. In N of area Kubor Anticline with Late Paleozoic Omung metamorphics and Kubor granodiorite exposed in core. In S eastern end of Central Range foldbelt) Bain, J.H.C. & D.E. MacKenzie (1975)- Ramu, Sheet SB/55-5. Papua New Guinea 1:250 000 Geological Series and Explanatory Notes, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Canberra. (Geologic map and explanatory notes of area North side of PNG Central Highlands, between 5-6° S and 144° 145°30'E. In SW of area Kubor Anticline with Late Paleozoic Omung metamorphics and Kubor granodiorite, Triassic Kana Volcanics, etc. exposed in core. Towards NE ultrabasics belt and Mio-Pliocene Ramu Basin) Bain, J.H.C., D.E. MacKenzie & R.J. Ryburn (1975)- Geology of the Kubor anticline, Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geophys. Bull. 155, p. 1-106. (With Karimui, Ramu 1:250,000 PNG geology maps. Kubor Anticline N of main PNG detached foldbelt is basement-involved anticline with core of pre-Late Triassic Kubor granodiorite and Omung Metamorphics. Both unconformably overlain by 30-250m Late Triassic Kuta Fm biohermal-reefal limestone, with basal conglomerate containing igneous and metamorphic clasts) Bainbridge, A.L., G.J. Corbett & T.M. Leach, (1994)- The Nena high sulfidation system, Frieda River Copper, Papua New Guinea. In: R. Rogerson (ed.) Proc. Geology, exploration and mining conference, June 1994, Lae, PNG 1994, Australasian Inst, Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, p. 131-137. Baldwin, S.L., M. Grove, E.J. Hill, B.D. Monteleone et al. (2004)- Pliocene eclogite exhumation at plate tectonic rates in eastern Papua New Guinea. Nature 431, p. 263-267. (Exposed metamorphic core complex with Pliocene (4.3 Ma) eclogite facies in D’Entrecasteaux Islands. Extremely rapid exhumation from ~75 km in extending region W of Woodlark basin spreading centre. Such rapid exhumation of high-pressure rocks facilitated by extension within transient plate boundary zones associated with rapid oblique plate convergence) Baldwin, S.L. & T.R. Ireland (1995)- A tale of two eras: Pliocene-Pleistocene unroofing of Cenozoic and late Archean zircons from active metamorphic core complexes, Solomon Sea, Papua New Guinea. Geology 23, p. 1023-1026. (Youngest zircons from felsic gneisses and synkinematically emplaced granodiorites in D'Entrecasteaux Islands Late Pliocene (1.65, 1.98 Ma crystallization ages). Zircon ages from felsic gneisses (2.63, 2.72 Ma) growth subsequent to eclogite facies metamorphism. Felsic gneiss also zircons from Cretaceous-Miocene protoliths. Zircons from igneous and metamorphic clasts from Goodenough No. 1 well single population of 2781 Ma, and derived from basement rocks unroofed from D’Entrecasteaux core complexes. First direct evidence for Archean protoliths in the basement rocks of SE PNG). Baldwin, S.L., G.S. Lister, E.J. Hill, D.A. Foster & I. McDougall (1993)- Thermochronologic constraints on the tectonic evolution of active metamorphic core complexes, D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea. Tectonics 12, 3, p. 611-628. (Metamorphic core complexes in D'Entrecasteaux Islands formed as result of active extension at W end of propagating Woodlark Basin spreading center. Gneisses cooled rapidly at 2.7 to 3.0 Ma and 1.6 to 1.7 Ma., Shear zones active from 4.0-3.5 Ma and 1.9-1.4 Ma. Granodiorite bodies associated with D'Entrecasteaux Islands domes represent syn-kinematically emplaced granitoids intruded into area of continental extension) Baldwin, S.L., L.E.Webb & B.D. Monteleone (2008)- Late Miocene coesite-eclogite exhumed in the Woodlark Rift. Geology 36, 9, p. 735-738. (Late Miocene-Pliocene eclogites exhumed in Woodlark Rift. Coesite in Late Miocene (~8 Ma), eclogite from D’Entrecasteaux Islands metamorphic core complexes, exhumed from mantle depths (≥90 km) to surface at plate tectonic rates (cm/ yr). Youngest exhumed ultrahigh-pressure rock on Earth)


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Baldwin, S.L., L.E. Webb, B. Monteleone, T.A. Little, P.G. Fitzgerald, K. Peters & J.L. Chappell (2006)Continental crust subduction and exhumation: insights from eastern Papua New Guinea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 18, Suppl. 1 (Goldschmidt Conf. Abstract) E PNG exhumation of previously subducted continental crust in plate boundary zone characterized by riftingto- seafloor spreading transition. Australian margin subducted N-ward beneath Late Paleocene–E Eocene island arc. Eclogite and blueschist relicts in lower plates of metamorphic core complexes (MCCs). Rapid diachronous exhumation from 13 to 0.5 Ma, proceeding from E to W, prior to and synchronous with seafloor spreading in Woodlark Basin (6 Ma). Some rocks subducted to >100 km at ~8 Ma. Exhumation to shallow crustal levels by 1.5 Ma. W of active sea floor spreading rift tip mineral growth and cooling from 8 to 3 Ma; SE of active rift tip ages interpreted to record cooling and exhumation from 13-8 Ma) Bamford, R.W. (1972)- The Mount Fubilan (Ok Tedi) Porphyry Copper Deposit, Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Economic Geol. 67, 8, p. 1019-1033. (Central Range young fold belt with mineralization associated with Plio-Pleistocene intrusions) Barclay, S.A., K. Liu & D. Holland (2003)- Reservoir quality, diagenesis and sedimentology of the Pale and Subu sandstones: re-visiting the eastern Papuan basin, Papua New Guinea. APPEA J. 43, p. 515-535. (Campanian Pale sandstone in E Papuan foldbelt 160m thick shallow marine delta front-shoreface facies, porosity 5-16%, with biodegraded oil in outcrop) Barndollar, P. (1993)- Hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Papuan Foreland. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.), Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 1993, p. 517-525. Barrett, R.A. (1996)- A petroleum systems analysis of the Sepik and Ramu basins of Papua New Guinea. In: P. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration development and production in Papua New Guinea. Proc. Third PNG Petroleum Convention, p. 495-509. (Basins on N margin PNG, formed by complex series of Tertiary tectonic events. Up to 10 km of Mio-Pliocene sediments. Formation of deep Late Oligocene- Early Miocene basins overprinted by Late Miocene and younger compression. Potential plays Miocene carbonate buildups and Mio-Pliocene sandstones) Barrett, R.A. (1997)- Petroleum systems analysis of the Sepik and Ramu basins of Papua New Guinea: implications for Irian Jaya. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australia Conf., Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 247-260. (Possible hydrocarbon systems in largely untested Tertiary basins of N New Guinea. Main targets Miocene carbonate buildups. Ramu Basin hundreds of biogenic gas seeps. Meervlakte Basin may be similar to Salawati and PNG Sepik basins and have well developed Miocene buildups. N Coast basin similar to PNG Ramu Basin and may have gas play in structured Plio-Pleistocene turbidites) Barrett, R.A. (1999)- Play concepts of the northern basins of New Guinea Island. AAPG Ann. Mtg. Abstract, AAPG Bull. 83 p. (Abstract only) Baylis, S.A., S.J. Cawley, C.J. Clayton & M.A. Savell (1997)- The origin of unusual gas seeps from onshore Papua New Guinea. Marine Geol. 137, p. 109-120. (Gas seeps with associated oils and waters from onshore Aure Thrust Belt. Oils biodegraded and from dominantly marine source, some with evidence of higher land plant input. Thermal maturity low to moderately high. Some gases biogenic, some thermogenic and some mixed. Two biogenic groups, one with high CO2 - light δD (acetate fermentation in low salinity), one with lower CO2- heavier δD (biogenic CO2 reduction associated with higher salinity, marine environments). Thermogenic gases associated with intermediate salinity and have exceptionally heavy d13C in CO2). Bee, A.G. (1982)- A review of Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphy of Southwest Papua New Guinea. Australasian Petrol. Co., PNG Geol. Survey, Port Moresby, p.


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Belford, D.J. (1962)- Miocene and Pliocene planktonic foraminifera from Papua New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Australia 62, p. 1-35. (Thirty-four species of planktonic foraminifera described from Miocene-Pliocene beds of PNG) Belford, D.J. (1965)- Foraminifera from outcrop samples, Star Mountains, Papua-New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Australia, Record 1965/233, p. Belford, D.J. (1966)- Miocene and Pliocene smaller foraminifera from Papua New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Australia 79, 305 p. (Extensive descriptions of 156 Mio-Pliocene benthic foram species, 35 new. Very little stratigraphy info) Belford, D.J. (1966)- Palaeocene planktonic foraminifera from Papua and New Guinea. Austral. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 92, 33p. Belford, D.J. (1967)- Additional Miocene and Pliocene planktonic foraminifera from Papua and New Guinea. Austral. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 92, p. 35-48. Belford, D.J. (1976)- Foraminifera and age of samples from southeastern Papua. Austral. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 165, p. 73-86. (Listings and illustrations of Upper Cretaceous- Pleistocene foraminifera from PNG) Belford, D.J. (1977)- Quasicyclammina gen. nov. and Thalmannammina (Foraminiferida) from the Paleocene of Papua New Guinea. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 2, 1, p. 35-42. (New genus and species of complex agglutinated foraminifera from Upper Paleocene) Belford, D.J. (1978)- The genus Triplasia (Foraminiferida) from the Miocene of Papua New Guinea. BMR Geol. Geophys. Bull. 192 (Crespin Volume), p. 1-7. (Three species of small benthic agglutinated foram Triplasia in Lower Miocene Yangi beds in Wabag area) Belford, D.J. (1981)- Co-occurrence of middle Miocene larger and planktic smaller Foraminifera, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. BMR Geol. Geoph. Bull. 209, p. 1-21. Belford, D.J. (1982)- Planorbulinella solida sp. nov. (Foraminiferida) from the Miocene of Papua New Guinea. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 7, 4, p. 321-325. Belford, D.J. (1984)- Late Albian planktonic foraminifera, Strickland River, Papua New Guinea. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 9, 2, p. 183-189. Belford, D.J. (1984)- Tertiary foraminifera and age of sediments, Ok-Tedi-Wabag, Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 216, p. 1-52. (Paleocene- Pliocene planktonic foraminifera distribution from outcrop samples. Top larger foram zone Te correlated to planktonic foram zones N6-N7, with zone N8 planktonics overlying top Darai Lst Lower Tf assemblages. Occurrence of Lacazinella near Telefomin) Belford, D.J. (1988)- Planktonic foraminifera, age of sediments and polarity reversals, New Britain, Papua New Guinea. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geophys. 10, p.329-343 Benes, V., N. Bocharova, E. Popov, S.D. Scott & L.P. Zonenshain (1997)- Geophysical and morpho-tectonic study of the transition between seafloor spreading and continental rifting, western Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea. Marine Geol. 142, p. 85-98. (Two major morpho-tectonic domains, separated by major transfer zone, at transition between seafloor spreading and continental rifting in W Woodlark Basin. Oceanic domain new oceanic crust formed during Bruhnes Epoch, older transitional crust and rifted continental margins. Two rift branches in continental


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domain. S rift branch failed, N branch maximum extension with initial development of oceanic crust. Seafloor spreading in W Woodlark Basin started between 3.5- 2.5 Ma. Frequent jumps of seafloor spreading centers indicate instability of Woodlark extensional system) Benes, V., S.D. Scott & R.A. Binns (1994)- Tectonics of rift propagation into a continental margin: Western Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 99, p. 4439-4456. Bennett, D.J., R.P. Brand, C.R. Mills & B.D Morris (2000)- Exploration potential of the West Bosavi area, Papuan foreland basin, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al.(eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 139-154. Bernstein-Taylor, B.L., K.M.M. Brown, E.A. Silver & S. Kirchoff-Stein (1992)- Basement slivers within the New Britain accretionary wedge: implications for the emplacement of some ophiolitic slivers. Tectonics 11, 4, p. 753-765. Bernstein-Taylor, B.L., S. Kimberly, S. Kirchoff-Stein, E.A. Silver, D.L. Reed & M. Mackay (1992)- Largescale duplexes within the New Britain accretionary wedge: a possible example of accreted ophiolitic slivers. Tectonics 11, 4, p. 732-752. Bickel, R.S. (1974)- Reconnaissance geology of the Cape Vogel Basin, Papua New Guinea. AAPG Bull.52, 12, p. 2477-2489. (Cape Vogel basin extends for 400 km along NE side of E PNG, 80 percent offshore. Three subbasinal areas. Basins overlie obducted plate of oceanic mantle and crust that was thrust SW onto Mesozoic Owen Stanley metamorphic rocks. Tertiary sediments: Late Oligocene lauga Fm volcanics and deep-marine deposits, overlain unconformably by early M Miocene limestone, overlain by >4,000 m thick U Miocene-Pliocene clastics) Bickel, R.S. (1976)- Cape Vogel Basin. In: R.B. Leslie et al. (eds.), Economic geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea, Vol. 3- Petroleum, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Mon. 7, p. 506-513. Binnekamp, J.G. (1970)- Foraminifera and age of samples from the Star Mountains, Territory of Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Australia, Record 1970/014, p. Binnekamp, J.G. (1973)- Tertiary larger foraminifera from New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Bull. Austr. Bur. Min. Res. 140, p. 1-26. (Larger forams from New Britain Eocene Baining volcanoclastics (incl. Pellatispira), Late Oligocene Merai Volcanics and also Middle Miocene LF) Binns, R.A. & S.D. Scott (1993)- Actively forming polymetallic sulphide deposits associated with felsic volcanic rocks in the eastern Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea. Economic Geol. 88, p. 2226-2236. Bird, K.J. & R. Seggie (1990)- Barikewa and Iehi gas fields revisited. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 551-565. (Berriasian- Valanginian Toro Fm stratigraphy, showing 3 coarsening-upward cycles) Blake, D.H. & E. Loffler (1971)- Volcanic and glacial landforms on Mount Giluwe, Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 82, p. 1605-1614. (During maximum Pleistocene glaciation up to 400m thick glaciers extended down to 2750-3000m elevation on slopes of 4368m high Mount Giluwe volcano) Blake, D.H. & Y. Niezitis (1966)- Geology of Bougainville and buka Islands, Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Canberrra, record 1996/62, p. 1-59 + app. (online at http://wwwa.ga.gov.au/web_temp/873786/Rec1966_062.pdf)


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Boult, P.J. (1993)- The reservoir potential of the Imburu, Toro and Ieru Formations in the Ok Menga area, PNG. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.), Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 191-200. Boult, P.J. (1997)- A review of the petroleum potential of Papua New Guinea with a focus on the eastern Papuan Basin and the Pale sandstones as a potential reservoir fairway. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds.) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 126, p. 281-291. (Overview of PNG plays, with schematic paleogeographic maps for Late Jurassic Imburu- Toro and Campanian Pale Sandstone) Boult, P.J. & G.J. Carman (1993)- The sedimentology, reservoir potential and seal integrity of the Pale sandstone at the Aure Scarp, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z.Carman (eds.), Petroleum Exploration and Development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 125-137. Boult, P.J., G.J. Carman & S.E. Phillips (1992)- Sedimentology, reservoir potential, and seal integrity of the Pale Sandstone, Eastern Papuan Basin, Papua New Guinea. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015 (Abstract only) (Coral Sea syn-rift sediments exposed at Aure scarp in E Papuan basin include Campanian Pale Sst fluvial to barrier island facies, mature quartzarenite, probably derived from Paleozoic Omung Metamorphics along Kubor trend to N. Up to 190 m thick, av. porosity 20%, 750 md. Overlain by Paleogene Mendi Group Lst) Bowen, R. (1961)- Paleotemperature analyses of Mesozoic Belemnoidea from Australia and New Guinea. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 72, 5, p. 769-773. (Includes oxygen isotope analysis of U Jurassic Belemnopsis gerardi fron Kuabgen Gp, Upper Fly River, suggesting paleotemperature of 15.9 °C) Bradey, K., K. Hill, D. Lund, N. Williams, T. Kivior & N. Wilson (2008)- Kutubu oil field, Papua New Guineaa 350 MMbbl fold belt classic. In: J.E. Blevin et al. (eds.) Third Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, Sydney 2008, PESA Spec. Publ., p. 239-246. Britten, R.M. (1981)- The geology of the Frieda River Copper prospect, Papua New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, 395p. Brown, C.M. (1977)- Yule, Papua New Guinea - 1:250,000 geological series. Bur. Min. Res., Geology & Geophysics, Australia, Explanatory Notes, SC/55-2. Brown, C.M (1978)- Mesozoic geology of Papua New Guinea. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Dept. Minerals and Energy, p. Brown, C.M. (1982)- Kavieng, Papua New Guinea - 1:250,000 geological series. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Explanatory Notes, SA/56-9. Brown, C.M., P.E. Pieters & G.P. Robinson (1975)- Stratigraphic and structural development of the Aure Trough and adjacent shelf and slope areas. The APEA J. 15, 1, p. 61-71. Brown, C.M., C.J. Pigram & S.K. Skwarko (1980)- Mesozoic stratigraphy and geological history of Papua New Guinea. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 29, p. 301-322. (Two distinct Mesozoic successions: ‘Fly Association’ (S part foldbelt- Papuan platform; derived from Australian continent) and ‘Sepik Association’ (N and E parts of foldbelt; around margins of volcanic arc) Brown, C.M. & G.P. Robinson (1982)- Kutubu, Papua New Guinea - 1:250,000 geological series. Geol. Survey of Papua New Guinea, Explanatory Notes, SB/54-12, p. 1-43. (Geologic map and explanatory notes of Southern Highlands, between 6-7° S and 142°30'- 144° E. Most of area Central range foldbelt, with outcrops of Miocene Darai Limestone, overlain by major Late Pliocene-


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Quaternary dormant volcanic centers (Bosavi, Kerewa, Giluwe, etc.). Oldest rocks exposed in anticlines in NE part of area (Upper Cretaceous)) Bruns, T.R., J.G. Vedder & R.C. Culotta (1989)- Structure and tectonics along the Kilinailau Trench, Bougainville-Buka region, Papua New Guinea. In: J.G. Vedder & T.R. Bruns (ed.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Island arcs; Solomon Islands and Bougainville, Papua New Guinea regions, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Sci. Ser.12, p. 93-123. Buchanan, P.G. & J. Warburton (1996)- The influence of pre-existing basin architecture in the development of the Papuan fold and thrust belt: implications for petroleum prospectivity. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum Exploration, Development and Production in PNG, Proc. 3rd PNG Petr. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 89-109. Buddin, T. (1993)- Petroleum evaluation of the Aure thrust belt, Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea. Simon Petrol. Techn. Ltd. SOPAC Techn. Report 183, 39p. (online at www.sopac.org/data/virlib/TR/TR0183.pdf) (Aure Thrust Belt is SE continuation of producing Papuan Fold Belt. Late Miocene Talama Fm volcanics (6-7 Ma) marks top of pre-deformational sequence, Pliocene Orubadi Beds exhibit marked growth sequences. ATB likely to be gas province, charged from Miocene Aure Fm source rocks) Burns, B.J. & J. Bein (1980)- Regional geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Mesozoic of the western Papuan Basin. APEA J. 20, 1, p.1-15. Carey, W. (1945)- Notes on Cretaceous strata in the Purari Valley, Papua. Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 56, p. 123130. (Cretaceous 6,000’ thick massive or thick-bedded sandstones and dark thin-bedded shales Except for one 10’ thick molluscan bed sandstones unfossiliferous, shales poor fauna. Cretaceous unconformably overlain by Eocene limestone) Carey, W. (1990)- Fifty years of oil search. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, PNG Chamber of Mines and Petroleum, p. 17-26. Carman, G.J. (1987)- The stratigraphy of the Aure Scarp, Papua New Guinea. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia J. 11, p. 26-35. Carman, G.J. (1990)- Occurrence and nature of Eocene strata in the eastern Papuan Basin. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 1990, p. 169-183. Carman, G.J. (1993)- Palaeogeography of the Coral Sea, Darai and foreland megasequences in the eastern Papuan basin. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds). Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 1993, p. 291-309. (Late Cretaceous (88 Ma) pillow basalts on Aure Scarp record onset and N-most local for Coral Sea rift. Campanian-Maastrichtian Pale sst interpreted to be synrift sediments. Paleogene shallow carbonates on Cretaeous rift shoulder) Carman, G.J. & N.W. Archbold (1990)- Macrofossil evidence for a palaeo-high, Erun Anticline, PNG. In: Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea In: G.J. & Z.Carman, (eds.) Proc First PNG Petrol. Conv., p. 397402. Carroll, A.R. & E. Webb (1996)- Pandora gas development. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 685-689. Carson, B.E. J.M. Francis, R.M. Leckie, A.W. Droxler, G.R. Dickens, S.J. Jorry, et al. (2008)- Benthic foraminiferal response to sea level change in the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system of southern Ashmore Trough (Gulf of Papua). J. Geophys. Res. 113, F01S20, doi:10.1029/2006JF000629, 18p. (Three foraminifera assemblages in deepwater Gulf of Papua Pleistocene-Holocene: (1) high Uvigerina peregrina- Bolivina robusta (higher organic carbon flux or lower oxygen water at maximum siliciclastic fluxes


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to slope with falling sea level); (2) high Globocassidulina subglobosa (lowered organic carbon flux or elevated oxygen, corresponding to lowered siliciclastic fluxes to slope due to sediment bypass during sea level lowstand); (3) high % neritic benthic species like Planorbulina mediterranensis (increased off-shelf delivery of neritic carbonates, when carbonate productivity on outer shelf increased significantly when reflooded) Causebrook, R.M. & G.J. Solomon (1990)- Hydrocarbon exploration and structure of the Northwest Darai Plateau. In: G.J. & Z.Carman (eds.), Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv, p. 337-350. Challinor, A.B. (1990)- A belemnite biozonation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous of Papua New Guinea and a faunal comparison with Eastern Indonesia. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geophys. 11, p. 429-447. (Central PNG highlands belemnites show Bathonian-Tithonian age for Maril shale, Berriasian Toro sst, etc. Belemnite succession resembles that of E Indonesia Sula islands) Chapman, F. (1918)- Report on a collection of Cainozoic fossils from the oil fields of Papua, with geological introduction by Arthur Wade. Bull. Territory of Papua, Melbourne, 5, p. 1-18. (Listing of Miocene-Recent fossils from oil-bearing strata along coast from Yule Island to Parare delta, PNG) Chapman, F. (1925)- On some palaeontological and stratigraphical relations of the Cainozoic rocks of Papua and New Guinea with these of the East Indies. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Ned. Kol., Geol. Ser. VIII, (Verbeek volume), p. 81-88. (Brief discussion of PNG Tertiary rocks) Chapman, F. & A. Wade (1918)- Report on a collection of Cainozoic fossils from the oil-fields of Papua. Bull. Territory of Papua 5, Melbourne, p. 1-17. Chappell, J. (1974)- Geology of coral terraces, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea: a study of Quaternary tectonic movements and sea-level changes. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 85, p. 553-570. (Over 20 offlapping Late Pleistocene coral terraces up to 220 kyr old and up to 600m in elevation, formed during uplift of NE Huon Peninsula) Chappell, J. (1974)- Upper mantle rheology in a tectonic region: evidence from New Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 79, 2, p. 390-398. (Deformed coral terraces on NE New Guinea coast provide opportunity for estimating lithosphereasthenosphere rheology in tectonic region. Terraces can be traced for ~130 km and extrapolated to point of convergence ~55 km beyond zone of least rapid uplift) Chappell, J. (1983)- A revised sea-level record for the last 300,000 years from Papua New Guinea. Search 14, p. 99-101. Chappell, J., Y. Ota & K. Berryman (1996)- Late Quaternary coseismic uplift history of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Quat. Science Rev. 15, 1, p. 7-22. (Huon Peninsula episodic uplift shown by regressive terraces cut into raised late Quaternary reef tracts. Uplift events believed to be coseismic. Amplitude of uplift events averages ~3 m and increases from NW to SE) Chappell, J. & H.A. Polach (1976)- Holocene sea-level change and coral reef growth at Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 87, p. 235-240. Christopherson, K.R. (1991)- Applications of magnetotellurics to petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea; a model for frontier areas. The Leading Edge, Tulsa, 10, 4, p. 21-27. Cole, J.P., M. Parish & D. Schmidt (2000)- Sub-thrust plays in the Papuan fold belt: the next generation of exploration targets. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st Century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 87-100.


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Connelly, J.B. (1976)- Tectonic development of the Bismarck Sea based on gravity and magnetic modelling. Geoph. J., Royal Astron. Soc. 46, p. 23-40. Connelly, J.B. (1979)- Mode of emplacement of the Papuan ultramafic belt. BMR J. Austr. Geol. Geoph. 4, p. 57-65. Conybeare, C.E.B. & R.G.C. Jessop (1972)- Exploration for oil bearing sand trends in the Fly River area, western Papua. Austral. Petrol. Expl. Assoc. (APEA) J. 12, 1, p. 69-73. Cooper, G.T., K.C. Hill & K. Baxter (1996)- Rifting in the Timor Sea and New Guinea; a template for compressional forward modelling. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Third PNG Petr. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 133-146. Cooper, P. & B. Taylor (1987)- Seismotectonics of New Guinea: a model for arc reversal following arc continent collision. Tectonics 6, 1, p. 53-68. (Seismicity shows active subduction zones. E of 149°E Solomon Plate subducted to N and S. W of 149°E forearcs collided and override doubly subducted Solomon Plate. Ramu-Markham suture plunges W at 5° angle below N New Guinea coastal ranges. From 144°-148° E convergence between Bismarck and Indo-Australian plates accommodated by thrusting in Finisterre and Adelbert ranges and compression of New Guinea orogenic belt, together with basement-involved foreland folding/ thrusting to S. Finisterre block overthrusts New Guinea foldbelt, Adelbert block sutured to New Guinea and overthrusts oceanic lithosphere of Bismarck Sea. W of 144°E seismicity defines S-dipping Benioff zone and oblique subduction along New Guinea Trench ) Corbett, G.J. (1994)- Regional structural control of selected Cu/Au occurrences in Papua New Guinea. In: R. Rogerson (ed.) Proc. Geology, exploration and mining conference, Lae 1994, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, p. 57-70. (NE-trending structural grain in Papuan Fold Belt related to the copper–gold deposits) Corbett, G.J., T.M. Leach, , R. Stewart & B. Fulton (1995)- The Porgera gold deposit: structure, alteration and mineralisation. In: Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 95, Auckland 1995, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, p. 151-156. Craig, M.S., K. Warvakai & H.L. Davies (2000)- Seismic structure of the Strickland Anticline, Papuan fold belt. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea's petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 443-456. Crespin, I. (1938)- The occurrence of Lacazina and Biplanispira in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. Commonwealth Australia, Palaeont. Bull. 3, p. 3-8. (Limestone near Chimbu aerodrome rich in Eocene Lacazina and also rare Biplanispira. However, genera are not normally found associated (Lunt 2003) and Biplanispira was not seen in these rocks when restudied by Bain & Binnekamp 1973) Crespin, I. (1938)- A Lower Miocene limestone from the Ok Ti River, Papua. Commonwealth Australia, Palaeont. Bull. 3, p. 9-12. (Limestone beneath a ‘mudstone grit series’ at W bank Ok Ti River (= Upper Tedi River; near Irian Jaya border, with headwaters in Star Mts). Assemblage of Heterostegina borneensis, Borelis pygmaeus and Eulepidina practically identical to W Java basal Rajamandala Limestone (= Te1, Late Oligocene)) Crook, K.A.W. (1961)- Diagenesis in the Wahgi valley sequence, New Guinea. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 74, 1, p. 77-81. 1961. (Permian and upper Jurassic-Miocene sediments of Wahgi valley were buried to depths of 13,000 - 28,000 feet and show diagenesis characteristic of laumontite facies)


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Crook, K.A.W. (1989)- Suturing history of an allochthonous terrane at a modern plateboundary traced by flysch-to-molasse facies transitions. Sedim. Geol. 61, p. 49-79. (S boundary of S Bismarck plate in PNG (Ramu-Markham FZ) changes character from W to E as result of oblique collision and suturing of Finisterre Terrane with New Guinea margin. Correlations between facies and tectonic settings: (1) terrane yet to dock, western New Britain Trench: conglomeratic flysch; (2) terrane now docking, Huon Gulf: marine molasse (3) terrane already docked, Markham Valley: fluvial molasse) Crowhurst, P.V. (1999)- The tectonic history of Northern Papua New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis, La Trobe Univ., Melbourne, 414 p. Crowhurst, P.V., K.C. Hill, D.A. Foster & A.P. Bennett (1996)- Thermochronological and geochemical constraints on the tectonic evolution of northern Papua New Guinea. In: R. Hall & D. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 525-537. (Bewani-Torricelli Mts along N margin of PNG formed as island arc in Late Eocene- E Oligocene and accreted to margin by Late Oligocene. E Miocene extension due to inferred rollback of subducting slab beneath New Guinea. Two inferred metamorphic core complexes rapid cooling from 27-23 Ma and 20-18 Ma. Continued subduction beneath New Guinea resulted in Maramuni Arc in M Miocene and end of extension. Collision of Melanesian Arc caused regional uplift of N PNG, mainly from 8-5 Ma, with >3-4 km of denudation) Crowhurst, P.V., R. Maas, K.C. Hill, D.A. Foster & C.M. Fanning (2004)- Isotopic constraints on crustal architecture and Permo-Triassic tectonics in New Guinea: possible links with eastern Australia. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 51, 1, p. 107-124. (New ages for Triassic igneous and metamorphic rocks. Triassic volcanic arc in N New Guinea intrudes highgrade metamorphic rocks probably resulting from Late Permian- E Triassic (~260-240 Ma) orogenesis, as recorded in New England Fold Belt. Late Triassic magmatism in New Guinea (~220 Ma) related to coeval extension and rifting as precursor to Jurassic breakup of Gondwana margin. Amanab- Idenburg metadiorite near PNG border ~240 Ma. Second magmatic event in Late Triassic ~220 Ma (Kubor granodiorite, Strickland granite, etc.). Evidence for 2 metamorphic events in Amanab block: one high-grade before 240 Ma (Late Permian- E Triassic) and lower grade event in Miocene) Cullen, A.B. (1991)- The North New Guinea Basin, Papua New Guinea; a case study of basin evolution at a modern accretionary plate boundary. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oklahoma. Norman, 313 p. Cullen, A.B. (1991)- Neogene tectonic evolution of the Ramu Basin, Papua New Guinea; evidence of subsidence analysis of the Tsumba 1 Well. The Compass (Univ. of Oklahoma) 68, 3, p. 181-190. Cullen, A.B. (1996)- Ramu Basin, Papua New Guinea: a record of Late Miocene terrane collision. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 80, 5, p. 663-684. (Ramu Basin Late Miocene collisional successor basin developed as Finisterre/Adelbert terrane collided with Maramuni arc. Age of arc volcanism Late Oligocene- M Miocene. Subduction polarity uncertain) Cullen, A.B. & J.D. Pigott (1989)- Post-Jurassic tectonic evolution of Papua New Guinea. Tectonophysics 162, p. 291-302. Curtis, J.W. (1973)- Plate tectonics and the Papua New Guinea-Solomon Islands region. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 20, p. 21-36. Daczko, N.R., P. Caffi, J.A.Halpin & P. Mann (2009)- Exhumation of the Dayman dome metamorphic core complex, eastern Papua New Guinea. J. Metamorphic Geol. 27, 6, p. 405-422. Daczko, N.R., P. Caffi & P. Mann (2010)- Structural evolution of the Dayman dome metamorphic core complex, eastern Papua New Guinea. Geol. Soc. America Bull.123, p. 2335-2351. (Shallow-dipping ductile mylonitic shear zone and concordant brittle detachment fault (Mai'iu fault) control orientation of dip slopes on flanks of Mt Dayman, E Papuan Peninsula, PNG. Dip slopes dip in all directions.


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Orientation of megacorrugations on Mt Dayman domed surface (footwall) consistent with NNE-directed transport of hanging-wall block of low-grade volcanic and sedimentary rocks and minor ultramafic rocks. Previously documented as thrust surface, but more likely extensional origin) Dalrymple, R.W., E.K. Baker, P.T. Harris & M.G. Hughes (2003)- Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a tidedominated foreland-basin delta (Fly River, Papua New Guinea). In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia- sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology. SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, p. 147-173. Daniels, M.C. (1993)- Formation pressure measurements and their use in oil exploration in the Kutubu project, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum Exploration and Development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby 1993, p. 579-588. Daniels M.C. & N.I. Duncan (1990)- The application of gas ratios in Papua New Guinea. In: Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., p. 83-94. Davey, R.J. (1988)- Palynological zonation of the Lower Cretaceous, Upper and uppermost Middle Jurassic in the northwestern Papuan Basin of Papua New Guinea. Mem. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea 13, 77p. (Robertson Research Jurassic-Cretaceous dinoflagellate zonation, similar to Helby, Morgan, Partridge zonation used on Australian NW shelf (which was updated in 2004 and 2006; HvG)) Davey, R.H. (1999)- Revised palynological zonation for the Late Cretaceous and Late Jurassic of Papua New Guinea. Mem. Geol. Surv. Papua New Guinea 17, 51p. Davies, H.L. (1968)- Papuan ultramafic belt. Proc. 23rd Sess. Int. Geol. Congr., 1, p. 209-230. Davies, H.L. (1970)- Peridotite-gabbro-basalt complex in eastern Papua; an overthrust plate of oceanic mantle and crust. Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University. Stanford, 176 p. Davies, H.L. (1971)- Peridotite-gabbro-basalt complex in Eastern Papua: an overthrust plate of oceanic mantle and crust. Bur. Miner. Resour. Bull. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 128, p. 1-48. Davies, H.L. (1978)- Geology and mineral resources of Papua New Guinea. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. 3rd Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Resources of SE Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok, Asian Inst. Techn., p. 685-699. Davies, H.L. (1980)- Folded thrust fault and associated metamorphics in the Suckling-Dayman Massif, Papua New Guinea. American J. Science 280-A, p. 171-191. (Suckling-Dayman Massif in SE PNG mainly metamorphosed Late Cretaceous basalt and limestone, apparently metamorphosed by underthrusting to 25-35 km depth in N-dipping Eocene subduction system. Massive partly surrounded by ophiolite outcrops and in places overlain by ultramafic rocks) Davies, H.L. (1980)- Crustal structure and emplacement of ophiolite in southeastern Papua New Guinea. In: C. Allegre & J. Aubouin (eds.) Orogenic mafic ultramafic association, Colloques Int. Centre Nat. Rech. Sci., Paris, 272, p. 17-33. Davies, H.L. (1981)- The major ophiolite complex in Southeastern Papua New Guinea. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) The geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 2, Bandung, p. 391-408. (Papuan Ultramafic Belt NE of Owen Stanley Range simple layered sequence of basalt (4 km), gabbro (4 km) and ultramafic rocks (4-8 km). Ophiolite complex thought to represent Jurassic and/or Cretaceous Pacific oceanic crust, juxtaposed with Cretaceous sediments of NE Australian continental margin in NE-dipping subduction zone in E or M Eocene, choking subduction here. Complex exposed by vertical movements in Neogene. NE dipping ophiolite complex continuous with crust and upper mantle of Solomon Sea Basin)


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Davies, H.L. (1982)- Mianmin, Papua New Guinea. 1:250,000 Geological Series- explanatory notes. Dept. Minerals and Energy, Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, SB/54-3. Davies, H.L. (1983)- Wabag, Papua New Guinea. 1:250,000 Geological Series- explanatory notes. Dept. Minerals and Energy, Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, SB/54-8. Davies, H.L. (1990)- Structure and evolution of the border region of New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 245-269. (Geology and stratigraphy of border region between W Papua and PNG, from Australian craton in S, across foldbelt, to accreted terranes in N) Davies, H.L. (1991)- Regional geologic setting of some mineral deposits of the New Guinea region. In: R. Rogerson (ed.) Proc. PNG Geology, Exploration and Mining Conf. 1991, Rabaul, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Melbourne, p. 49-57. (Mineral deposits in C New Guinea associated with Neogene intrusions of magma of mantle origin that penetrated thick Precambrian and Paleozoic continental crust. Magmatism not obviously subduction-related) Davies, H.L. (1992)- Mineral and petroleum resources of Papua New Guinea with notes on geology and history. Department of Geology, University of Papua New Guinea, p. Davies, H.L., D.E. Bumstead, R.J. Carter, S.H.R. Fardon & W.J.S. Howell (1978)- History of Ok Tedi porphyry copper prospect, Papua New Guinea. Economic Geol. 73, p. 796-809. Davies, H.L., E. Honza, D.L. Tiffin, J. Lock, Y. Okuda et al. (1987)- Regional setting and structure of the western Solomon Sea. Geo-Marine Lett. 7, 3, p. 153-160. (W Solomon Sea bounded by Paleogene collision complex of Papuan Peninsula to S, and land masses formed by Cainozoic volcanism to N and E. Oblique collision of two trenches in W Solomon Sea produced structural complexities that may include doubling of crustal thickness and strong negative gravity anomaly W of 149°E ) Davies, H.L., W.J.S. Howell, R.S.H. Fardon, R.J. Carter & E. Bumstead (1978)- History of the Ok Tedi porphyry copper project, Papua New Guinea: I The years 1966 to 1976. Econ. Geol. 73, 5, p. 796-809. Davies, H.L. & D.S. Hutchison (1982)- Ambunti, Papua New Guinea- 1:250,000 geological series with Explanatory Notes.Geol. Survey of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, SB/54-4. Davies, H.L. & D.J. Ives (1965)- The geology of Fergusson and Goodenough Islands, Papua. Bur. Mineral Resources, Geol. Geoph., Report 82, 65p. Davies, H.L. & A.L. Jaques (1984)- Emplacement of ophiolite in Papua New Guinea. In: I.G. Gass et al. (eds.) Ophiolites and oceanic lithosphere, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 13, p. 341-349. (Major ophiolite complexes of PNG on NE margin of Australian craton and flanked by Palaeogene volcanic arcs. Ophiolites are segments of oceanic lithosphere, in forearc zone prior to arc-continent collision) Davies, H.L., J. Lock, D.L. Tiffin, E. Honza, Y. Okuda, F. Murakami & K. Kisimoto (1987)- Convergent tectonics in the Huon Peninsula region, Papua New Guinea. Geo-Marine Lett. 7, 3, p. 143-152. (Anticlinal nappe forming Huon Peninsula and adjacent ranges extends offshore as Huon Ridge. Frontal thrust of nappe is Ramu-Markham Fault (onshore) and a deformation front along line of Markham Canyon (offshore). Timing and geometry of Finisterre arc-continent collision controversial, and origin of Finsch Deep unresolved) Davies, H.L. & M. Norvick (1974)- Blucher Range, Papua New Guinea. BMR and Geol. Survey of PNG, 1:250,000 Geological Map series and explanatory notes, sheet SB/54-7, p. 1-29. (Geologic map and explanatory notes of PNG Central Highlands, E of Indonesia border, between 5-6° S and 141° - 142°30'E. Major anticlines like Muller Anticline with Jurassic- Cretaceous section exposed in core)


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Davies, H.L. & M. Norvick (1977)- Blucher Range stratigraphic nomenclature. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Report. 77-14, 43 p. Davies, H.L., R.C.B. Perembo, R.D. Winn & P. Kengemar (1997)- Terranes of the New Guinea Orogen. In: G.E. Hancock (ed.) Proc. Papua New Guinea Geology, Exploration and Mining Conference 1997, Madang, Australasian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, p. 61-66. (History of terrane accretion to N margin of Australian craton starts earlier (Late Cretaceous) than previously suggested. Collisions in C Highlands in Late Paleocene-E Eocene and Finisterre collision that precedes and is distinct from Pliocene Bismarck volcanic arc collision) Davies, H.L. & I.E. Smith (1971)- Geology of Eastern Papua. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 82, p. 3299-3312. (Geology of E Papua Peninsula around Owen Stanley Range. Core of mainly Cretaceous sialic rocks metamorphosed in early Eocene at time of emplacement of Papuan ultramafic belt, flanked by Mesozoic and younger mafic rocks) Davies, H.L., P.A. Symonds & I.D. Ripper (1984)- Structure and evolution of the southern Solomon Sea region. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 9, 1, p. 49-68. Davies, H.L., P.A. Symonds & I.D. Ripper (1985)- Structure and evolution of the southern Solomon Sea region. Proc. 21st Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bandung 1984, p. 170199. (Reprint of 1984 BMR paper. Good overview of onshore and offshore geology of Solomon Sea area, between E Papuan Peninsula and New Britain. Solomon Sea Bsin probably formed by back-arc spreading in E Tertiary) Davies, H.L. & R.G. Warren (1988)- Origin of eclogite-bearing, domed, layered metamorphic complexes (‘core complexes’) in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea. Tectonics 7, 1, p. 1-21. (Layered metamorphic rocks of D'Entrecasteaux Islands, PNG, folded into domes and antiforms bounded by faults parallel to metamorphic layering and foliation. Metamorphic grade in N islands amphibolite facies with pockets of eclogite and granulite, and greenschist facies in S island. All three islands sequence from felsic metamorphics at base to ultramafics at top. Association of metamorphic and ultramafic rocks developed in Ndipping Paleogene subduction system and exhumed to upper crustal level in Oligocene- E Miocene, possibly by reversal of faults in former subduction system. Uplift and development of domes and antiforms in Pliocene triggered by W-ward propagation of Woodlark Basin spreading ridge and accompanied by rift-related magmatism, rapid erosion, and deposition of coarse sediment in adjacent Trobriand Basin). Davies, H.L. & R.G. Warren (1992)- Eclogites of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands. Contr. Min. Petrol. 112, 4, p. 463-474. (Eclogitic rocks of D'Entrecasteaux Islands, PNG, three types. Eclogitic rocks occur as lenticular boudins and small concordant tabular bodies in 2-3 km thick sequence of migmatitic gneisses and in granodiorite. Gneiss sequence bounded by detachment faults above and younger granodiorite below, and folded into broad antiforms. Eclogites equilibrated at temperatures ranging from 530- 840°C and pressures of 12-24 kbar. Metamorphic complex developed during Early Cenozoic subduction and arc-continent collison, and was elevated and exposed during Mid and Late Cenozoic crustal extension) Davies, H.L. & A.N.Williamson (2001)- Buna 1:250,000 Geological Series, Explanatory Notes to accompany Buna 1:250,000 geologic map, Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, p. Davies, H.L., R.D. Winn & P. KenGemar (1996)- Evolution of the Papuan Basin: a view from the orogen. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Third PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 53-62. Davies, P.J., P.A. Symonds, D.A. Feary & C.J. Pigram (1988)- Facies models in exploration- the carbonate platforms of North-East Australia. APEA J. 28, 1, p. 123-143.


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Davies, P.J., P.A. Symonds, D.A. Feary & C.J. Pigram (1989)- The evolution of the carbonate platforms of Northeast Australia. SEPM Spec. Publ. 44, p. 233-258. (also Geol. Soc. Austral. Spec. Publ. 18, 1991, p. 44-78) Dekker, F., H. Balkwil, A. Sister, R. Herner & W. Kampschuur (1991)- A structural interpretation of the Onshore Eastern Papuan fold belt, based on remote sensing and fieldwork. In: G.J. & C.Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby 1990, p. 319-336. Dekker, F., H.R. Balkwill, A. Slater, R.R. Herner & W. Kampschuur (1991)- Exploring Papua New Guinea with remote sensing field work. World Oil. 212, p. 71-86. Denison, C.N. & J.S. Anthony (1991)- New Late Jurassic subsurface lithostratigraphic units, PPL-100, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & C.Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby 1990, Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 153-158. Dixon, J.M. (1996)- Physical model investigation of the influence of early extensional (growth) faults on foldthrust structures, with application to the Papuan fold and thrust belt. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.), Petroleum Exploration, Development and Production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Third PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 147-160. Donaldson, J.C. & J.T. Wilson (1990)- Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Sepik-Ramu area, Ramu Basin. In: G.J. & C.Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 499-512. Doust, H. (1990)- Geology of the Sepik Basin, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 461-477. Dow, D.B. (1977)- A geological synthesis of Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 201, 41 p. Dow, D.B. & H.L. Davies (1964)- The geology of the Bowutu Mountains, New Guinea. Bur. Mineral Res., Geol. Geoph. Report 75, 31p. (Geologic map of Bowutu Mountains, at NW end of Papuan Ultrabasic belt in SE PNG) Dow, D.B. & F.E. Dekker (1964)- The geology of the Bismarck Mountains, New Guinea , Bur. Mineral Res., Geol. Geoph. Report 76, p. 1-45. (Bismarck Mts are NE of main Central Range of PNG and SW of Ramu Valley. Oldest rocks Upper Triassic Jimi Greywacke and Kana Fm volcanoclastics ) Dow, D.B., J.A.J. Smit, J.H.G. Bain & R.J. Ryburn (1972)- Geology of the South Sepik region, New Guinea. Australia Bur. Miner. Res., Geol. Geoph., Bull. 133, 88p. (Geology of N part of Central Range mountains to Sepik River in North. Oldest rocks M Triassic Yuat Fm black shale and U Triassic dacitic Kana Volcanics. Triassic unconformably overlain by M Jurassic- Cretaceous (incl. Maril Shale with M. malayomaorica). Ambunti Metamorphics are post-Eocene and pre-Middle Miocene in age. p.26: Salumei Fm of S Sepik region Upper Cretaceous- Eocene thick turbiditic greywacke series with volcanic beds, Cretaceous planktonics and Eocene limestone lenses with Biplanispia, Pellatispira. Time- equivalent of bulk of Lagaip beds, but no volcanics in Lagaip Fm. Widespread M Miocene (Tf1-2) arc volcanics) Drummond, B.J., C.D.N. Collins & G. Gibson (1979)- The crustal structure of the Gulf of Papua and Northwest Coral Sea. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 4, 4, p. 341-351. Duck, B.H. (2001)- The Boundary Volcano- its geological associations and implications for exploration. In: G. Hancock (ed.) Geology, Exploration and Mining Conference, Port Moresby 2001, Proc. Australasian Inst Mining and Metallurgy, Parkville, p. 87-92.


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Dugmore, M.A. & P.W. Leaman (1998)- Mount Bini copper-gold deposit. In: D.A. Berkman & D.H. Mackenzie (eds.) Geology of the mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, Australasian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy. Mon. Series 22, p. 833-848. Dugmore, M.A., P.W. Leaman & R. Philip (1996)- Discovery of the Mt Bini porphyry copper-goldmolybdenum deposit in the Owen Stanley Ranges, Papua New Guinea- A geochemical case history. J. Geochem. Expl. 57, p. 89-100. (Cu-Au-Mo deposit with overprinted epithermal Au-Ag in Owen-Stanley Ranges, 50 km NE of Port Moresby, located by stream sediment and rock float sampling) Durkee, E.F. (1990)- Pasca-Pandora reef exploration in the Gulf of Papua. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 567-579. (Miocene reef exploration with >3 TCF of probable biogenic dry gas in 1988 Pandora discovery and thermogenic wet gas in Pasca (~0.2- 0.4 TCF ?) Durkee, E.F., W.D. Stewart & G. Francis (1987)- Oil and gas potential of Papua New Guinea. In: M.K. Horn (ed.) Trans. Fourth Circum Pacific Energy and Min. Res. Conf., p. 63-101. Earnshaw, J.P., A.J.C. Hogg, N.H. Oxtoby & S.J. Crawley (1993)- Petrographic and fluid inclusion evidence for the timing of diagenesis and petroleum entrapment in the Papuan Basin. In: G.C. & Z. Carmen (eds.), Petroleum Exploration and Development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 459-476. Edwards, A.B. (1950)- The petrology of the Cretaceous greywackes of the Purari Valley, Papua. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 60, p. 163-171. (Large proportion of quartz, orthoclase, and acid plagioclase in Purari valley Cretaceous indicates graywackes composed mainly of granitic material. Also some material from schists and andesitic tuffs) Edwards, A.B. (1950)- The petrology of the Miocene sediments of the Aure Trough, Papua. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 60, p. 123-148. (Miocene in Aure Trough ~15,000’ thick graywackes, mudstones, conglomerates and limestone. Sediments composed mainly of material derived from andesitic tuffs and lavas, transported over short distance) Edwards, A.B. & M.F. Glaessner (1953)- Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments from the Wahgi Valley, New Guinea. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 64, p.93-112. (On Chimbu area stratigraphy. Incl. Upper Jurassic Maril Shale with Buchia malayomaorica, Inoceramus cf. haasti, Calpionella alpina, etc.) Eisenberg, L.I. (1996)- Strontium isotope analysis and structural interpretation of P’nyang Anticline, Papuan Fold Belt, Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Third PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 231-244. Eisenberg, L.I., J.C. Phelps, T.L. Allen, J.A. Trotter, M.J. Korsc & D.J. Whitford (1996)- Darai Limestone depositional history and Strontium chronostratigraphy, Papuan fold belt, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 345-356. Eisenberg, L.I., M.V. Langston & R.E. Fitzmorris (1994)- Reservoir management in a hydrodynamic environment, Iagifu-Hedinia area, Southern Highlands, Papua New Guinea. In: SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference, Melbourne 1994, 18p. (Agogo and Iagifu/Hedinia fields in S Highlands produced first commercial oil in PNG in 1992. NW to SE regional scale water flow in Toro Sst parallels Papuan Fold Belt for 115km, passing through Iagifu/Hedinia oil field, affecting oil distribution in Toro reservoirs. NW side swept free of moveable oil. Oil/water contacts tilted up to 6 degrees and three members of Toro Sst Fm each have own hydrocarbon-water contacts)


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Ellis, S.M., T.A. Little, L.M. Wallace, B.R. Hacker & S.J.H. Buiter (2011)- Feedback between rifting and diapirism can exhume ultrahigh-pressure rocks. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 311, p. 427-438. (Young ultrahigh-pressure rocks in Woodlark Basin, PNG, are within active rift. Models show UHP exhumation, forming gneiss domes in Woodlark Basin, can result from feedback between rifting and diapiric rise of previously subducted continental fragment through lithosphere) Erni, A. (1944)- Ein Cenoman Ammonit Cunningtoniceras holtken n.sp. aus Neu Guinea, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige ander Fossilien von dieser Insel. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 37, p. 468-475. (‘A new species of Cenomanian ammonite Cunningtoniceras hoeltkeri from Wagi valley, PNG. Ammonite pebbles viewed as magic stones by natives) Espi, J.O., K.I. Hayashi, K. Komuro, H. Murakami & Y. Kajiwara (2007)- Geology, wall-rock alteration and vein paragenesis of the Bilimoia gold deposit, Kainantu metallogenic region, Papua New Guinea. Resource Geol. 57, 3, p. 249-268. (Bilimoia gold deposit in eastern Central Mobile Belt of PNG in fault-hosted, NW-NNW-trending Au-quartz veins hosted by M-L Triassic greenschist that metamorphosed between Late Triassic and E-M Jurassic. Bilimoia deposit related to Late Miocene (9-7 Ma) I-type, intermediate to felsic and late mafic intrusions) Etheridge, R. (1889)- On our present knowledge of the palaeontology of New Guinea. Records Geol. Survey New South Wales 1, 3, p. 172-179. (Includes first description of Jurassic ammonites from PNG, from river float at the Observatory Bend of the Strickland River, at 6°38'30'S and 142°E; Boehm, 1913) Exon, N.F. & M.S. Marlow (1988)- The petroleum potential of the New Ireland Basin, Papua New Guinea. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific island arcs; New Ireland and Manus region, Papua New Guinea. Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Houston, Earth Sci. Ser. 9, p. 185-201. Exon, N.F. & M.S. Marlow (1990)- The New Ireland Basin: a frontier Basin in Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., p. 513-534. Exon, N.F., W.D. Stewart, M.J. Sandy & D.L. Tiffin (1986)- Geology and offshore petroleum prospects of the eastern New Ireland Basin, Northeastern Papua New Guinea. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 10, 1, p. 39-51. Falvey, D.A. & T. Pritchard (1984)- Preliminary palaeomagnetic results from Northern Papua New Guinea: evidence for large microplate rotations. In: S.T. Watson (ed.) Trans. Third Circum Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conf., Honolulu, p. 593-599. (Paleomag Huon Peninsula and islands to N and E (New Britain, Manus New Ireland, etc.). Huon-New BritainNew Ireland may restore to Eocene NE trending arc, probably adjacent to Papuan Ultramafic belt) Falvey, D.A. & L.W.H. Taylor (1974)- Queensland plateau and Coral Sea Basin: structural and timestratigraphic patterns. Bull. Australian Soc. Exploration Geoph. 5, p. 123-126. (W Coral Sea region one major and three minor marginal plateaux, partly surrounding deep abyssal plain. Abyssal Plain underlain by ~1km sediment and oceanic crust generated by E Eocene seafloor spreading phase. Queensland Plateau subsided continental crust with Palaeozoic basement rocks, originally part of onshore Tasman Geosyncline. Rift features beneath Queensland Trough, and plateau margin, with 1-3 kms of probable U Cretaceous "rift valley" sediments on basement. Residual plateau highs along old Palaeozoic trends subsided in E Miocene and locally capped by coral reefs) Febo, L.A (2007)- Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Papua using multiple geophysical and micropaleontological proxies. Ph.D. Thesis Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 155 p. (Surface sediments spanning recent to ~15 - 33 kyrs B.P. – Recent)


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Febo, L.A., S.J. Bentley, J.H. Wrenn, A.W. Droxler, G.R. Dickens, L.C. Peterson & B.N. Opdyke (2008)- Late Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentation, organic carbon delivery, and paleoclimatic inferences on the continental slope of the northern Pandora Trough, Gulf of Papua, J. Geophys. Res. 113, F01S18, doi:10.1029/2006JF000677, 21 p. (Two periods of Pleistocene rapid sediment accumulation, likely corresponding to early transgression when rivers delivered sediments much closer to shelf edge) Ferris, A., G.A. Abers, B. Zelt, B. Taylor & S. Roecker (2006)- Crustal structure across the transition from rifting to spreading: the Woodlark rift system of Papua New Guinea. Geoph. J. Int. 166, p. 622-634. (Woodlark rift system active ocean basin formation. Continental extension rates some of fastest on planet, and extension progresses E-wards to seafloor spreading. Seismic velocities suggest transition from diffuse continental rifting to localized seafloor spreading likely across narrow zone. Magmatism may not play significant role in altering crust until onset of seafloor spreading, except through underplating at base of crust) Findlay, A.L. (1974)- The structure of the foothills South of the Kubor Range, Papua New Guinea. Australian Petr. Expl. Assoc (APEA) J. 14, 1, p. 14-20. (Structural styles at S side of NW-SE trending Kubor Range, where Permian granodiorite intruded Paleozoic metamorphics. S side of Kubor Range up to 7km of Mesozoic sediments, including mid-Cretaceous Kondaku Tuffs in N part. E-M Miocene Darai Lst in S replaced by basinal Aure Group closer to Kubor Range. U Miocene- Pliocene Orubadi Fm clastics in S, not deposited towards Kubor Range ?) Findlay, R.H. (1995)- Stratigraphic constraints on the development and timing of arc-continent collision in Northern Papua New Guinea: discussion. J. Sed. Res. 65B. p. 281-282. (Reply to Abbott et al. 1994 paper) Findlay, R.H. (1998)- Palaeostress in the Ramu Markham obduction zone. In: Proc. GEOSEA'98, Ninth Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. Malaysia , p. 229-230. Findlay, R.H. (2003)- Collision tectonics of northern Papua New Guinea: key field relationships in the Finisterre, Sarawaget and Adelbert Mountains and New Britain demand a new model. In: R.R. Hills & R.D. Muller (eds.) Evolution and dynamics of the Australian Plate, Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 372, p. 291-307. (Revised lithostratigraphy for Finisterre, Sarawaget and Adelbert Mountains of N PNG. Lithostratigraphic relations demand interpretation of Finisterre Volcanics as allochthonous terrane, which collided with Australian- PNG craton in Pliocene. Finisterre Volcanics formed as autochthonous plateau in backarc basin or intra-arc rift-basin of Sepik Arc to S which collided with Australia in Oligocene) Findlay, R.H., L. Arumba, J. Kagl, G. Kopi, S. Nekitel et al. (1997)- Papua New Guinea 1:250 000 Geological Atlas Markham, Sheet SB/55-10 (2nd ed.). Geol. Survey PNG, Port Moresby, p. Findlay, R.H., L. Arumba, J. Kagl, S. Nekitel, N. Mosusu, C. Rangin & M. Pubellier (1997)- Revision of the Markham 1: 250 000 sheet, Papua New Guinea: what is the Finisterre Terrane? In: G. Hancock (ed.) Proc. PNG Geology, Exploration Mining Conf., Madang 1997, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Melbourne, p. 87-98. Finlayson, D.M., B.J. Drummond, C.D.M. Collins & J.B. Connelly (1977)- Crustal structure under the Mount Lamington region of Papua New Guinea. In: R.W. Johnson (ed.) Volcanism in Australasia, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 259-274. Finlayson, D.M., B.J. Drummond, C.D.M. Collins & J.B. Connelly (1977)- Crustal structures in the region of the Papuan ultramafic belt. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 14, p. 13-20. (Papuan Ultramafic Belt major dipping layered structure. Thickness of crustal material seaward of belt probably too great to be oceanic. Crustal thickness offshore 33 km in area of Huon Gravity Low in W Solomon Sea, 27 km in area N of Trobriand Platform, 13 km in C Solomon Sea. Crust under Trobriand Gravity High may contain ophiolite rock suite similar to Papuan Ultramafic Belt)


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Finlayson, E.J., N.M.S.Rock & S.D. Golding (1988)- Deformation and regional carbonate metasomatism of turbidite-hosted Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres (NW Papua New Guinea). Chem. Geol. 69, p. 215-233. (Metasomatised camptonite dykes and stocks, named Fu Intrusives, in thrust plates of Mesozoic slates in New Guinea Thrust Belt. Intrusions emplaced prior to Oligo-Miocene fold deformation and low-grade regional metamorphism of host (K-Ar ages of 75 Ma/ Campanian probable age of intrusion). REE patterns and initial Sr ratios typical of alkaline lamprophyres. Carbonate metasomatism of intrusive suite result of metamorphic dewatering of host rocks during slaty cleavage development) Fischer, M.W. & J. Warburton (1996)- The importance of Pre-Tertiary basin architecture for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Papuan fold and thrust belt: models, analogues and implications. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea. Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 111-131. Fleming, A.W., G.A. Handley, K.L. Williams, A.L. Hills & G.J. Corbett (1986)- The Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol. 81, p. 660-680. (Porgera gold mine in highlands of PNG. M Miocene intrusive system, derived from melting of thickened crust, emplaced in Late Cretaceous sediments on N margin Papuan platform, ~25 km S of Central orogenic belt. Mineralization associated with porphyritic intrusions of mafic diorite) Fleming, A.W. & T.I. Neale (1979)- Geochemical exploration at Yandera porphyry copper prospect, Papua New Guinea. J. Geochem. Expl. 11, p. 33-51. Francis, G. (1983)- Tertiary biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy of Petroleum Prospecting Licence(PPL) 30: a critical review. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Report 83-8, p. 1-24. Francis, G. (1986)- Some current problems of Mesozoic geology in the Papuan Basin. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Techn. Note 4/86, p. (Unpublished) Francis G. (1988)- Stratigraphy of Manus Island, western New Ireland basin, Papua New Guinea. In: N.S. Marlow et al. (eds.).Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Islands arcs-New Ireland and Manus region, Papua New Guinea, Circum-Pacific Council Energy and Mineral Resources, Earth Science Ser. 9, p. 31-40. Francis, G. (1990)- The North New Guinea Basin and associated infra-basins. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 445-460. Francis, G. & D. Deibert (1988)- Petroleum potential of the North New Guinea basin and associated infrabasins. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea Report 88/37, 229p. Francis, G., R. Rogerson, D.W. Haig & J. Sari (1986)- Neogene stratigraphy, sedimentation and petroleum potential of the Oiapu-Yule Island- Oroi Region, Papua New Guinea. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull.19, p. 123-152. (Miocene Aure association in SE PNG mainly bathyal shales and turbidite sandstones. Folding phase in latest M Miocene culminating with thrusting in Late Miocene to create SE Papuan foldbelt. Deformation associated with basaltic volcanism (Talama Fm). Local carbonate buildups on cores of anticlines (Ou-Ou Lst). Unconformably overlain by latest Miocene- E Pliocene Orubadi Beds. E Pliocene influx of coarser clastic from rising mountains to NE (Era beds). Second phase of thrusting in Late Pliocene- E Pleistocene. Most thrust faults dip to NE) Francis, G., R. Rogerson, D.W. Haig & J. Sari (1986)- Neogene stratigraphy, structure and petroleum potential of the Yule Island-Delena region, Papua New Guinea. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prospecting Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Techn. Bull. 17, p. 13-59. (Same or similar paper as 1986 GEOSEA V paper) Francis G., R. Rogerson, D. Hilyard & D.W. Haig (1990)- Excursion guide to the Waghi and Chimbu Georges. In: R. Rogerson (ed.) Excursion Guide Series, Geol. Surv. Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, p. 1-55.


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Francis G., R. Rogerson & L. Queen (1991)- The distribution, petrology and mineralisation of mid-Cretaceous to Palaeogene marine volcanics in Papua New Guinea. In: R. Rogerson (ed.) Proc. PNG Geology, exploration and Mining Conf., Australasian Inst. Min. Metallurgy, Melbourne, p. 17-25. Francis, G. & G.E.G. Westermann (1993)- The Kimmeridgean problem in Papua-New Guinea and other parts of the Indo-Southwest Pacific. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds) Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 75-93. (Ammonites rel. rare in PNG Late Jurassic; belemnites and bivalves more common. Diagnostic Kimmeridgean ammonites almost unknown in Indo-SW Pacific from Himalaya-PNG- New Zealand, making biozone-stage calibrations difficult in this region. Also provincialism of PNG belemnites makes direct correlations to Tethyan of Europe impossible). Francis, J.M., J.J. Daniell, A.W. Droxler, G.R. Dickens, S.J. Bentley, L.C. Peterson, B. Opdyke & L. Beaufort (2008)- Deep-water geomorphology and sediment pathways of the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system, Gulf of Papua. J. Geophys. Res. 113, F01S16, doi:10.1029/2007JF000851, 22 p. (Modern deep water sedimentation Gulf of Papua) Frantz, L., K.P. Becker, W. Kramer & P.M. Herzig (2002)- Metasomatic mantle xenoliths from the Bismarck Microplate (Papua New Guinea)- thermal evolution, geochemistry and extent of slab-induced metasomatism. J. Petrology 43, 2, p. 315-343. (online at: http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/2/315.full.pdf+html) (On ultramafic mantle xenoliths from Tubaf and Edison seamounts in the Bismarck Archipelago, NE of PNG, transported to sea floor by rift-related Quaternary trachybasalts) Gagel, C. (1913)- Beitrage zur Geologie von Kaiser Wilhelms-Land. In: Beitrage zur geologischen Forschung der deutschen Schutzgebiete, 4, Berlin, 55 p. Galewsky, J. (1998)- The dynamics of foreland basin carbonate platforms: tectonic and eustatic controls. Basin Res. 10, p. 409-416. (Numerical modeling of coral growth and flexural subsidence in foreland basin setting matches the drowning and backstepping of Quaternary carbonate platforms in Huon Gulf, PNG) Galewsky, J. & E.A. Silver (1997)- Tectonic controls on facies transitions in an oblique collision: the western Solomon Sea, Papua New Guinea. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 109, 10, p. 1266-1278. (W Solomon Sea is closing ocean basin and incipient arc-continent collision between Bismarck arc and Australian continental margin in PNG. Seismic profiles and sidescan sonar data indicate sedimentation controlled by topographic gradients generated by flexure of Solomon Sea plate) Galewsky, J., E.A. Silver, C.D. Gallup, R.L. Edwards & D.C. Potts (1996)- Foredeep tectonics and carbonate platform dynamics in the Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea. Geology 24, p. 819-822. (Side-scan sonar and seismic data reveal history of carbonate platform growth, drowning, and back stepping in the Huon Gulf, documenting subsidence of Huon Gulf in response to encroaching Finisterre Mts at ~ 5.7 mm/yr for past 348 ky (highest subsidence in any any foredeep). Reefs may have formed during sea-level lowstands and drowned during rapid rates of sea-level rise) Gardien, V., C. Lecuyer & J.F. Moyen (2008)- Dolerites of the Woodlark Basin (Papuan Peninsula, New Guinea): a geochemical record of the influence of a neighbouring subduction zone. J. Asian Earth Sci. 33, p. 139-154. (Moresby Seamount in Woodlark Basin is fragment of oceanic crust (dolerites and gabbros) generated at ~6568 Ma before being obducted on Australian margin in Eocene. Since 8 Ma, normal faulting related to opening of Woodlark Basin is responsible for unroofing of Moresby seamount. Dolerite source was depleted oceanic mantle influenced by arc-related magmas, suggesting seamount created near subduction zone)


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Gardner, J.V. (1970)- Submarine geology of the western Coral Sea. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 70, p. 1399-1424. George, S.C., F.W. Krieger, P.J. Eadington, R.A. Quezada, P.F. Greenwood et al. (1997)- Geochemical comparison of oil-bearing fluid inclusions and produced oil from the Toro sandstone, Papua New Guinea. Organic Geochem. 26, p. 155-173. (Oil in Lower Cretaceous Toro Sst in Iagifu-7X different from fluid inclusion oil. DST oils sourced from oxic mixed marine/ terrestrial source, probably M- L Jurassic mudstones. Fluid inclusion oils from less terrestriallyinfluenced marine source rock deposited under less oxic conditions. Fluid inclusion oils early oil charge from probably Cretaceous source, which started migrating into Toro sst in Miocene. At Iagifu early oil diluted by larger volume of Jurassic oil generated at end-Miocene) George, S.C., Volk, H., Ahmed, M., Middleton, H., T. Allan & D. Holland (2004)- Novel petroleum systems in Papua New Guinea indicated by terpane and methylhopane distributions. In: P.J. Boult et al. (eds.) Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium II, Adelaide, Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ., p. 575-588. (Most PNG oil production from W Papuan fold belt, with oils from Jurassic marine source with terrestrial organic matter. Puri-1 oil and Subu wells (Aure Scarp) bitumens indicate Jurassic source also in E Papuan Basin. Calcareous source rock may be regionally significant in E Papuan Basin. W Papuan Basin oils from Iagifu and P'nyang wells (W Fold belt) and Bujon-1 from foreland indicate Late Cretaceous or younger marine source with minor terrestrial organic matter. Oil from Koko–1 in foreland indicate lacustrine source. Oil stains in Bujon-1 also likely from this source, age unconstrained, but expelled later than Late Cretaceous or younger marine source rock which generated FI oil in Bujon-1. Future PNG petroleum plays not restricted to Jurassic source- M Cretaceous reservoir paradigm) George S.C., H. Volk, M. Ahmed, W. Pickel & T. Allan (2007)- Biomarker evidence for two sources for solid bitumens in the Subu wells: implications for the petroleum prospectivity of the East Papuan Basin. Organic Geochem. 38, p. 609-642. (Late Cretaceous sst from Subu 1,2 (Aure Scarp) with solid bitumens, reflect biodegradation of two oil families: (A) marine source with significant terrestrial organic matter, believed to be Jurassic; (B) more reducing; so far unidentified. Condensate charge relatively recent. Solid bitumen from Miocene volcanolithic sst from Ouha anticline from early mature Palaeogene or late Cretaceous source with predominantly terrestrial organic matter in oxic environment. This sample proves the existence of different oil source rock in E Papuan Basin) Giddings, J., C.T. Klootwijk, W. Sunata, C. Loxton, C. Pigram & H. Davies (1985)- Palaeomagnetism of Australia's active northern margin in New Guinea. In: E.C. Leitch & E. Scheibner (conv.) Third Circum-Pacific terrane conference, Extended abstracts, Geol Soc. Australia 14, p. 83-86. Glaessner, M.F. (1945)- Mesozoic fossils from the Central Highlands of New Guinea. Proc. Royal. Soc. Victoria 56, p. 151-168. (Upper Jurassic and middle Cretaceous Mollusca, and discussion of stratigraphic position of fossiliferous Mesozoic sediments of PNG. Incl. Late Jurassic Buchia malayomaorica, Belemnopis gerardi and Grammatodon virgatus from Kuabgen Range at S flank of Central Highlands) Glaessner, M.F. (1949)- Mesozoic fossils from the Snake River, Central New Guinea. Mem. Queensland Mus. 12, 4, p. 165-180. (Mollusk faunas from Mesozoic beds of Snake river region, PNG, interpreted to be Cretaceous) Glaessner, M.F. (1950)- Geotectonic position of New Guinea. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 34, p. 856-881. (Division of New Guinea into twelve structural zones. N and E parts of island essentially Melanesian while W New Guinea influenced by Asiatic Banda arcs. S and C New Guinea essentially Australian and appear to continue as a submerged median mass SW under Coral Sea) Glaessner, M.F. (1952)- Geology of Port Moresby, Papua. In: Sir Douglas Mawson Anniversary Volume, University of Adelaide, p. 63-86.


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Glaessner, M.F. (1958)- New Cretaceous fossils from New Guinea. Records South Australian Mus. 13, 2, p. 199-126. Glaessner, M.F. (1960)- Upper Cretaceous larger foraminifera from New Guinea. Science Repts. Tohoku Univ., 2nd. Ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol. 4 (Hanzawa Mem. Vol.), p. 37-44. (Abundant larger forams Pseudorbitoides israelskii and Orbitoides tissoti in Campanian of Port Moresby area, PNG, is described. First report of this distinctive assemblage outside Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico area) Glaessner, M.F., K.M. Llewellyn & G.A.V. Stanley (1950)- Fossiliferous rocks of Permian age from the Territory of New Guinea. Australian J. Sci. 13, p. 24-25. (Short report on first discovery of 200’ of ‘Permian’ limestone at Gum/Kum Creek 4 miles SSE of Hagen airstrip, overlying Mt Kubor granite. Subsequently re-interpreted as Late Triassic in age. Limestone not contactmetamorphic. Coarser parts have grains of quartz, feldspar, mica flakes. Associated with quartzite) Glikson, M. (1988)- Petroleum source rock study, Miocene rocks of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. In: N.S. Marlow et al. (eds.).Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Islands arcs-New Ireland and Manus region, Papua New Guinea. Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Sci. Ser. 9, p. 161-183. Goldberg, A. & D. Holland (2008)- Inversion tectonics and the structural development of the Elk/ Antelope gas field, Papua New Guinea. In: J.E. Blevin et al. (eds.) Third Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, Sydney 2008, PESA Spec. Publ., p. 247-258. Goodliffe, A.M., J. Kington & B. Taylor (2008)- Reconciling extension from brittle faulting, subsidence, and kinematic reconstructions: lessons from the Woodlark Basin. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Cape Town 2008, 29p. (Abstract) (Online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2009/30089goodliffe/ndx_goodliffe.pdf) (Woodlark Basin, PNG, study of active rift processes in basin opening since 8.4 Ma. Near rifting-to-seafloor spreading transition asymmetric rift system comprises large tilted fault blocks on S margin and unfaulted N margin that has subsided >3 km. Estimated extension from faulting ~111 km. Extension estimated by fitting Euler poles to fracture zones and magnetic chrons in oceanic lithosphere gives >200 km since 6 Ma. Metamorphic core complexes (MCC), where upper crust has been removed may account for discrepancy) Goodliffe, A.M. & B. Taylor (2007)- The boundary between continental rifting and sea-floor spreading in the Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea. In: G.D. Karner et al. (eds.) Imaging, mapping and modelling continental lithosphere extension and breakup, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 282, p. 217-238. Gordon, S.A., B.J. Huizinga & V. Sublette (2000)- Petroleum potential of the Southern Gulf of Papua. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 205-218. Gow, P.A., P. Upton, C. Zhao & K.C. Hill (2002)- Copper-gold mineralisation in New Guinea: numerical modelling of collision, fluid flow and intrusion-related hydrothermal systems. Australian J. Earth Sci. 49, 4, p. 753-771. (Porphyry Cu-Au mineralisation in New Guinea foldbelt tied to local dilation, facilitating magma emplacement by reactivation of arc‐normal transfer faults, where they cut weakened fold belt. Rapid uplift and erosion greatest in W of W Papua, where stronger Australian crust acts as buttress. Within Papuan Fold Belt, uplift greatest near margins, where weaker fold belt abuts stronger crust and/or major faults have been reactivated) Gow, P.A & J. L. Walshe (2005)- The role of preexisting geologic architecture in the formation of giant porphyry-related Cu ± Au deposits: examples from New Guinea and Chile. Economic Geol. 100, 5, p. 819-833. (Development of porphyry copper-gold deposits in New Guinea during Tertiary magmatic event that overprinted extensional Mesozoic passive margin. During collision deeply detached listric faults were inverted and focused uplift/exhumation. Steep transverse faults formed wrench systems with pathways for magma or fluids. Competent units of flat-lying stratigraphic packages like Darai/Mendi Limestone impeded magma ascent and formed cap on magma and/or fluid system)


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Grainge, A. (1993)- Recent developments in prospect mapping in the Hides/Karius area of the Papuan fold belt. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby 1993, p. 527-537. Grainge, A.M., A.J.D. Hine & P.J. Brawley (1990)- Discovery and development of the Hides gas field in Licence PPL27, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 539-550. Grant-Mackie, J., G. Francis, G.E. Westermann & A.B. Challinor (2006)- Jurassic molluscan palaeontology of the Telefomin area, Papua New Guinea. Geol. Survey PNG Mem. 19, p. 1-101. Green, D.H. (1961)- Ultramafic breccias from the Musa Valley, Eastern Papua., Geol. Mag. 98, p. 1-17. Green, R. & R.B. Pitt (1967)- Suggested rotation of New Guinea. J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. 19, p. 317-321. Gregory, J.W. & J.B. Trench (1916)- Eocene corals from the Fly River, Central New Guinea. Geol. Mag, N.S., 3, 11, p. 481-488 and 3, 12, p. 529-536. Griffin, T.J. (1979)- Granitoids of the Tertiary continent- island arc collision zone, Papua New Guinea. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Report 79/22, 28p. Gunson M.J., D.W. Haig, B. Kruman, R.A. Mason, R.C.B. Perembo & R. Stewart (1997)- Stratigraphic reconstruction of the Porgera region, Papua New Guinea. In: Papua New Guinea Geology, Exploration and Mining Conf., Port Moresby 1997, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Madang, 1, p. 99-108. Gunson M.J., G. Hall & M. Johnston (2000)- Foraminiferal coloration index as a guide to hydrothermal gradients around the Porgera intrusive complex, Papua New Guinea. Econ Geol. 95, p. 271-282. (Porgera intrusive complex and gold deposit in Cretaceous black mudstones. Color changes in bathyal agglutinated foraminifera from white to dark gray used to map thermal maturation. Foraminiferal coloration showed pairing of hot and cold areas across major structures, associated with upflow (hot) and recharge (cold) of fluids from surrounding host sedimentary rocks) Haddad, D. & A.B. Watts (1999)- Subsidence history, gravity anomalies, and flexure of the Northeast Australian margin in Papua New Guinea. Tectonics 18, p. 827-842. (PNG folbelt at least 2 major orogenic loading events: (1) near Oligocene- Miocene boundary, associated with widespread carbonate deposition and (2) earliest Pliocene main phase of fold-thrust belt uplift) Haig, D.W. (1979)- Early Jurassic foraminiferids from the western Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Pal., Monatsh. 4, p. 208-215. (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian shelfal foraminifera from gently folded Balimbu greywacke in upper Jimi River area near Mongum, S foothills of Bismarck Range in western (should be eastern?) PNG Highlands. Assemblage dominated by nodosarians and includes Lingulina, Frondicularia, Involutina liassica. No agglutinants) Haig, D.W. (1981)- Mid-Cretaceous foraminiferids from the Wahgi Valley, Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Micropaleont. 27, p. 337-351. (Albian-Cenomanian open marine forams from Kondaku Tuff and Chim Fm at N flank Kubor Anticline; Cretaceous overlies Jurassic Maril shale with minor unconformity) Haig, D.W. (1982)- Deep-sea foraminifera from Paleocene sediments, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. J. Foram. Res. 12, 4, p. 287-279. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/12/4/287.full.pdf) (Tropical Paleocene (P1-P7) planktonic foram assemblages from lower bathyal calcareous mudstones in highly folded ‘Port Moresby Beds’. No stratigraphic sections, limited geologic context)


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Haig, D.W. (1985)- Micropalaeontological report on samples from Yule Island. CCOP Techn. Bull. 17, p. 4759. Haig, D.W. (1985)- Lepidocyclina associated with Early Miocene planktic foraminiferids from the Fairfax Formation, Papua New Guinea. In: J.M. Lindsay (ed.) Stratigraphy, palaeontology, malacology; papers in honour of Dr. Neil Ludbrook, Spec. Publ. South Australia Dept. Mines and Energy 5, p. 117-131. Haig, D.W. (1987)- Tertiary foraminiferal rock samples from the western Solomon Sea. Geo-Marine Lett. 6, 4, p. 219-228. (Rock fragments dredged from four stations: E Eocene upper bathyal biomicrite from Trobriand Platform; Lt Oligocene-E Miocene neritic limestones off Trobriand Platform and inner wall New Britain Trench; Miocene bathyal sediments from Trobriand Platform; similar Pliocene from inner wall New Britain Trench and central part Solomon Sea Basin. No reworked pre-Tertiary foraminifera) Haig, D.W. (1994)- Zone N18 in foreland basin and oceanic platform sequences, Lower Pliocene, Papua New Guinea, Forams '94 International Symposium on Foraminifera, Berkeley, Supplement Paleobios 16, 2, p. 33. (Planktonic and benthonic foraminifera from zone N18 in the siliciclastic Orubadi Beds of Papuan Foreland Basin. Type section > 2000 m thick and includes two mid bathyal- inner neritic shallowing upward sequences, Orubadi Beds and underlying Puri Limestone (pelagic middle bathyal base of sequence) belong to N17B and N18. No reworking in foraminiferal assemblages, although reworked nannofossils and dinoflagellates flood mud-fraction of sediment, suggesting extensive sediment plumes clouded surface waters of foreland basin) Haig, D.W. (1996)- Late Neogene bathyal depocentres in mainland Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea. Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 313-327. (Spine of mainland PNG was continuous barrier to oceanic circulation in Late Miocene-Pliocene. Papaun assemblages are ‘Trans-Equatorial’ Gr. menardii/Gr. limbata/Globigerinoides. N New Guinea assemblages dominated by Gr. tumida) Haig, D.W. & P.J. Coleman (1988)- Neogene foraminifera as time space indicators in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. In: N.S. Marlow et al. (eds.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Islands arcs- New Ireland and Manus region, PNG, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res. Earth Science Ser. 9, p. 91-111. Haig, D.W., G.S. Humphreys, R. Rogerson, & G. Francis (1986)- Field guide to the Kubor Anticline, Central Highlands. 12th Int. Sedimentological Congr., Canberra 1986, Field trip 34B, Geol. Survey of Papua New Guinea, PortMoresby, p.. Haig D.W. & D.A. Lynch (1993)- A late early Albian marine transgressive pulse over northeastern Australia, precursor to epeiric basin anoxia: foraminiferal evidence. Marine Micropal. 22, 4, p. 311-362. (Major transgressive pulse in late Early Albian in W Papuan Basin, changing character of foraminiferal faunas from impoverished agglutinated-dominated assemblages to diverse calcareous assemblages. Similar change in coeval deposits of other basins on NE margin of Australian continent (incl. black shales of Toolebuc Fm). Rapid marine regression in W Papuan Basin immediately after latest Albian) Haig, D.W. & S. Malagun (1980)- Uppermost Cretaceous and lowermost Tertiary sediments around Bogoro Inlet near Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 7, 1, p. 12-21. (Maastrichtian-Paleocene deep marine limestones with planktonic foraminifera, unconformably overlain by Eocene calcarenite with larger forams, incl. Pellatispira) Haig, D.W. & D. Medd (1996)- Latest Miocene to early Pliocene bathymetric cycles related to tectonism, Puri Anticline, Papuan Basin, Papua New Guinea. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 43, 3, p. 451-465. (Four bathyal-to-neritic progradational clastics cycles in 2000m thick Orubadi Fm (Late Miocene- E Pliocene N17B-N18; ~6.2- 4.7 Ma) in Puri Anticline, Papuan foreland basin near frontal foldbelt, overlying Late


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Miocene pelagic Puri Limestone. Cycles reflect pulses of folding. Development of foredeep either in lower N17 or N16; ~11.5- 7 Ma?) ) Haig, D.W. & R.C.B. Perembo (1990)- Foraminifera as Neogene stratigraphic guides for Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 381-395. (Broad overview of Neogene planktonic and larger foram zonations and paleobathymetry applicable to PNG) Haig, D.W., R.C.B. Perembo, D.A.Lynch, G.J.Milner & M. Zammit (1993)- Marine stratigraphic units in Central Province, Papua New Guinea: age and depositional environments. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds), Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 47-60. Haig, D.W. & W. Tamu (1980)- Stratigraphic relationship between Barune sandstone (Upper Cretaceous) and Baruni Calcarenite (Lower Tertiary) near Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 7, 3, p. 148-156. (Baruni Sst with Campanian Pseudorbitoides israelskii and Orbitoides tissoti, originally described by Glaessner 1960. Overlain by deeper water Maastrichtian pelagic Bogoro Lst and Paleocene- E Eocene Port Moresby Beds, unconformably overlain by M-L Eocene ‘Baruni calcarenite’ with Nummulites and Discocyclina. Description of Barune sandstone suggests possible turbidites, dominated by calcareous bioclasts, but with some angular quartz. No volcanic/ igneous lithics observed. (Beds of this age generally absent in PNG foreland, but succession reminiscent of parts of Birds Head ?; HvG) ) Hamilton, P.J., R.W.Johnson, D.E. Mackenzie & R.K. O’Nions (1983)- Pleistocene volcanic rocks from the Fly-Highlands province of western New Guinea: a note on new Sr and Nd isotopic data and their petrogenetic implications. J. Volcan. Geotherm. Res. 18, p. 449-459. (Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopes and trace-elements from 6 Pleistocene volcanoes of Fly-Highlands province suggest contamination of mantle-derived magmas by continental crust. No Benioff zone beneath Fly-Highlands province, suggesting mantle-derived magmas related to Pliocene crustal uplift formed in response to midTertiary continent/island-arc collision) Handley, G.A. (1987)- Exploration of the Porgera gold deposit. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 145-149. Hanzawa, S. (1947)- Note on an Eocene foraminiferal limestone from New Britain. In: Recent Progress of Natural Sciences in Japan, Nihon Shizen Kagaku Shuho (Japanese J. Geol. Geogr.), 20, 2-4, p. 59-61. (Foraminiferal assemblage of a limestone block in river near Nakanai, New Britain, includes two new species, Pellatispira reticularis and Acervulina linearis and resembles Eocene fauna of Palau island) Harlow, G.E., G.R. Summerhayes, H.L. Davies & L. Matisoo-Smith (2012)- Jade gouge from Emirau Island, Papua New Guinea (Early Lapita context, 3300 BP): a unique jadeitite. European J. Mineralogy 24, p. 391-399. (Small stone artifact from Emirau Island, Bismarck Archipelago consists of jadeitite- jadeite jade of unusual composition. Possible source along Torare River in NE W Papua, Indonesia, where 'chloromelanite' (= jadeitite) was collected by Wichmann in 1903 near Humboldt Bay, with stone adzes made from same material) Harnish, S.A. (1990)- Tectonics and mineralization of the western and central New Guinea Mobile Belt. Proc. Pacific Rim 90 Congress, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, 3, p. 141-151. Harris, P.T., C.B. Pattiaratchi, J.B. Keene, R.W. Dalrymple et al. (1996)- Late Quaternary deltaic and carbonate sedimentation in the Gulf of Papua foreland basin: response to sea level change. J. Sediment. Res. 66, 4, p. 801819.


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Harris, P.T. (1994)- Incised valleys and backstepping deltaic deposits in a foreland-basin setting, Torres Strait and Gulf of Papua, Australia. In: R.W. Dalrymple et al. (eds.) Incised-valley systems, Soc. Econ. Geol. (SEPM) Spec. Publ. 51, p. 97-108 (On incised valleys in front of Fly River delta, cut during Pleistocene lowstands) Harrison, D. (1991)- The gravity field of the Papuan fold belt and its geological implications. Ph.D. Thesis University of London, p. Harrison, D. & J. Milsom (1996)- Palaeo-rift controls on mechanisms of isostatic compensation in the Papuan Fold Belt. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed), Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 77-88. Harrison, J. (1969)- A review of the sedimentary history of the island of New Guinea. APEA J. 1969, p. 41-48. Hebberger, J.J. (1992)- A synthesis of regional elements of the Papuan fold and thrust belt of Papua New Guinea. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015. (Abstract only) (Evolution of PNG fold- thrust belt: (1) development of passive margin during Late Triassic-Early Jurassic rifting, with escape of Kubor Anticline continental fragment to NE, causing development of restricted marine basin with Late Triassic and Jurassic source rocks. Basin affected depositional extent of Cretaceous-Tertiary rocks (e.g. Cretaceous Toro Sandstone, Miocene Darai Lst). Cretaceous deposition caused maturation of Jurassic source and migration into passive margin traps around basin margins. Pliocene-Pleistocene collision along N margin of New Guinea caused development of Papuan fold-thrust belt, uplift and movement of Kubor Anticline back to SW, partially over basinal area, and remigration of oil into thrust belt structures) Hebberger, J.J., S.P. Franklin, W.H. Uberawa & A.M. Pytte (2000)- Development of the Iagifu-Hedinia Field, PNG fold belt; a multi-disciplinary reservoir management success story. APPEA J. 40, 1, p. 546-561. (Iagifu-Hedinia oil field discovered by Chevron in 1986 in PNG Highlands. Discovered without seismic data due to intense karst development in area. First oil produced in 1992) Hebberger, J.J. & J.C. Phelps (1992)- Change in structural style from thin-skinned to thick-skinned along the strike of the Papuan fold and thrust Belt, Papua New Guinea. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015. (Abstract only) (In Papuan fold-thrust belt gradual (150 km) change along strike from thin-skinned thrust folds with 1-8 km spacing in area of Iagifu/Hedinia oil discoveries to 20-40 km wide basement-involved folds near Irian Jaya border. No dramatic difference in thickness or composition of U Jurassic- Tertiary sediments evident. Gravity data suggest increase in depth to granitic basement along strike, but not in same area as change thin- to thickskinned thrusting. Change in style may be related to different levels of detachment. In both areas two major detachment levels: one 15-20 km below top of basement, one near base of sedimentary section) Hedervadi, P. & Z. Papp (1977)- Seismicity maps of the New Guinea Solomon Islands region. Tectonophysics 42, p, 261-281. Hegner, E. & I.E. Smith (1992)- Isotopic compositions of Late Cenozoic volcanics from southeast Papua New Guinea; evidence for multi-component sources in arc and rift environments. Chem. Geol. 97, p. 233-249. Hill, E.J. (1994)- Geometry and kinematics of shear zones formed during continental extension in eastern Papua New Guinea. J. Struct. Geol. 16, 8, p. 1093-1105. Hill, E.J. & S.L. Baldwin (2007)- Exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks during crustal extension in the D'Entrecasteaux region, Papua New Guinea. J. Metam. Geol. 11, 2, p. 261-277. (D'Entrecasteaux Islands of E PNG consist of a number of active metamorphic core complexes formed under extensional tectonic setting related to sea-floor spreading in west Woodlark Basin. Complexes are mountainous domes of fault-bounded, high-grade metamorphics (including eclogite facies) intruded by 2–4 Ma granodiorite


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plutons. Two major episodes of granodiorite intrusion during uplift and exhumation of the core complexes. Both closely coincide spatially with high-temperature metamorphic rocks) Hill, E.J., S.L. Baldwin & G.S. Lister (1992)- Unroofing of active metamorphic core complexes in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea. Geology 20, 10, p. 907-910. (Metamorphic core complexes formed as result of active extension at W end of Woodlark Basin. High grade metamorphism followed by rapid cooling between 1-2 Ma) Hill, E.J., S.L. Baldwin, & G.S. Lister (1995)- Magmatism as an essential driving force for formation of active metamorphic core complexes in eastern Papua New Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 100, p. 10,441-10,451. Hill, K.C. (1987)- New tectonic framework for PNG and the Caroline Plate: implications for cessation of spreading in back-arc basins. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 179-182. Hill, K.C. (1989)- The Muller anticline, Papua New Guinea: basement-cored, inverted extensional fault structures with opposite vergence. Tectonophysics 158, p. 227-245. (Papuan Foldbelt two dominant structural styles: (1) in NE 1 km thick, thin-skinned thrust-imbricate slices of Miocene limestone, (2) in SW much larger asymmetrical folds, with thicker stratigraphic sections, resulting from Mio-Pliocene inversion of Mesozoic- Palaeogene extensional faults. Outcrop of basement in centre of Muller Range 8 km above regional. E Muller anticline basement thrust to SW, W Muller anticline thrust to NE. Faults under Muller anticline active as extensional faults in Mesozoic, soling at mid-crustal detachment. Extensional faults beneath EMA and WMA opposite vergence and separated by transfer zone) Hill, K.C. (1990)- Structural styles and hydrocarbons in the Papuan Fold Belt, a review. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 301-310. (Early version of numerous Hill PNG structure papers) Hill, K.C. (1991)- Structure of the Papuan Fold Belt, Papua New Guinea. AAPG Bull. 75, 5, p. 857-872. (Papuan lithosphere rel. weak, dissected by Mesozoic faults that partly reactivated during Neogene compression, forming basement-involved anticlines) Hill, K.C., K. Bradey, J. Iwanec, N. Wilson & K. Lucas (2008)- Structural exploration in the Papua New Guinea fold belt. In: J.E. Blevin et al. (eds.) Third Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, Sydney 2008, PESA Spec. Publ., p. 225-238. Hill, K.C., J. Forwood, C. Rodda, C. Smyth & G. Whitmore (1993)- Structural styles and hydrocarbon prospectivity around the northern Muller anticline, PNG. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby 1993, p. 325-324. Hill, K.C. & A.J.W. Gleadow (1989)- Uplift and thermal history of the Papuan Fold Belt, Papua New Guinea: apatite fission track analysis. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 75, p. 857-872. Hill, K.C. & A.J.W. Gleadow (1989)- Uplift and thermal history of the Papuan foldbelt, Papua New Guinea: apatite fission track analysis. Austr. J. Earth Sci. 36, p. 515-539. (Papuan fold belt uplifted and eroded from earliest Plicene (5 Ma) to present, suggesting Late Miocene collision of New Gunea with island arc to N. Mountain front anticlines like Iehi underwent heating in Late Cretaceous, prior to Paleocene uplift and associated with opening of Coral Sea. Thermal modelling of Iehi 1 indicates ~800m of Late Cretaceous eroded in Paleocene). Hill, K.C. & A.J.W. Gleadow (1990)- Apatite Fission Track analysis of the Papuan Basin. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 119-136.


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Hill, K.C., G. Grey, D. Foster & R. Barrett (1993)- An alternative model for the Oligo-Miocene evolution of the northern PNG and the Sepik-Ramu basins. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds). Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. p. 241-259. Hill, K.C. & K.A. Hegarty (1987)- New tectonic framework for PNG and the Caroline Plate: implications for cessation of spreading in back-arc basins. In: Pacific Rim Congress 87, Gold Coast 1987, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 179-182. (New plate tectonic scenario for N PNG. In N New Guinea Late Oligocene- E Miocene obduction of Mesozoic oceanic crust, followed by S-dipping subduction beneath New Guinea causing extensive M Miocene volcanism. E Pliocene uplift/ folding of main Papuan Foldbelt at ~4 Ma tied to collision of extinct Eocene- Oligocene island arc system with New Guinea margin) Hill, K.C., K. Lucas & K. Bradey (2010)- Structural styles in the Papuan Fold Belt, Papua New Guinea: constraints from analogue modelling. In: G.P. Goffey et al. (eds.) Hydrocarbons in contractional belts, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 348, p. 33-56. (Structural styles in oil-producing areas of Papuan Fold Belt include inverted basement faults, detachment faults in Jurassic 1-2 km beneath Neocomian Toro Sst reservoir, and tight, overturned folds in reservoir sequence. Highly variable thicknesses in Cretaceous Ieru Fm, including detachments that isolate Miocene Darai Limestone. Large-offset thrust faults only produced in models with pre-cut faults, generating early inversion then large ramp anticlines, similar to Kutubu oil field. Kutubu Oilfield trend probably underlain by large normal fault and oil-rich source rocks may be confined to hanging wall (N side) of this fault) Hill, K.C., D. Medd & P. Darvall (1990)- Structure, stratigraphy, geochemistry and hydrocarbons in the KaguaKubor area, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 351-366. Hill, K.C., M.S. Norvick, J.T. Keetley & A. Adams (2000)- Structural and stratigraphic shelf-edge hydrocarbon plays in the Papuan fold belt. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st Century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 67-85. (PNG Mesozoic-Tertiary shelf-basin transition 20-50 km NE of main oil-gas fields and penetrated by only one well. Interpreted to be long-lived fault zone, with thick basinal facies to N. In S shallow marine Miocene limestone unconformable over Lower Cretaceous shelf clastics; in N more complete Upper CretaceousMiocene deep water marls. Numerous oil seeps. Main potential reservoir Lower Cretaceous Toro sst, but possibly distal facies. Re-entrants may have focused Toro fans) Hill, K.C. & A. Raza (1999)- Arc-continent collision in Papua Guinea: constraints from fission track thermochronology. Tectonics 18, p. 950–966. (Paleogene arc along S margin of Caroline plate juxtaposed against PNG in E Miocene, coeval with locking of W-dipping Solomon subduction zone by Ontong Java Plateau. These events initiated wrenching along N PNG margin. Mobile Belt underwent extension above downgoing slab with rapid cooling of metamorphic rocks at 17 Ma, immediately before emplacement of Maramuni Arc from 17-12 Ma. Change in plate motion at 12-10 Ma terminated arc and caused PNG-Caroline plate convergence, creating New Guinea orogenic belt from 12 -4 Ma. This resulted in ~4.5 km of uplift and ~3 km of denudation and cooling of entire Mobile Belt in Late Miocene, propagating W along Mobile Belt at 8-5 Ma and S-ward into Fold Belt at 5-4 Ma. Change in plate motion at 4-3 Ma returned margin to transpression with local compression along strike-slip faults and ongoing collision of Finisterre Arc terrane) Hill, K.C., R.J. Simpson, R.D. Kendrick, P.V. Crowhurst et al. (1996)- Hydrocarbons in New Guinea, controlled by basement fabric, Mesozoic extension and Tertiary convergent margin tectonics. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.). Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 63-76. Hilyard, D. & R. Rogerson (1989)- Revised stratigraphy of Bougainville and Buka Islands, Papua New Guinea. In: J.G. Vedder & T.R. Bruns (ed.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Island arcs; Solomon Islands and


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Bougainville, Papua New Guinea regions, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Sci. Ser.12, p. 8792. Hilyard, D., R. Rogerson & G. Francis (1988)- Accretionary terranes and evolution of the New Guinea orogen, Papua New Guinea. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Report 88/9, p. Hilyard, D., R. Rogerson, A. Lloyd, H. Hekel & A. Webb (1988)- New micropalaeontological and isotopic age data from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Geol. Survey PapuaNew Guinea, Report 88/16. Hine, R., S.M. Bye, F.W. Cook, J.F. Leckie & G.L. Torr (1978)- The genesis of porphyry copper deposits, New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol. 73, p. 761-767. Hine, R. & D.R. Mason (1978)- Intrusive rocks associated with porphyry copper mineralization, New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol. 73, p. 749-760. Hirst, P. & C.A. Price (1996)- Sequence stratigraphy and sandstone geometry of the Toro and Imburu Formations within the Papuan fold belt and foreland. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.), Proc. Third PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 279-299. (Six sequences in Late Oxfordian- Berriasian. Passive margin setting after Triassic- E Jurassic rifting. Steady onlap of granitic basement to SW and W. Lower Toro sandstone K5 is of Berriasian age and widespread lowstand shoreface deposit) Hobson, D.M. (1986)- A thin-skinned model for the Papuan Thrust belt and some implications for hydrocarbon exploration. The Austr. Petr. Expl. Assoc. (APEA) J. 26, p. 214-224. Hoffmann, G., E. Silver, S. Day, E. Morgan, N. Driscoll & B. Appelgate (2010)- Drowned carbonate platforms in the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea. J. Marine Geoph. Res., DOI 10.1007/s11001-010-9079-8, 8 p. (online at: www.springerlink.com/content/1172968x20u86n38/fulltext.pdf) (Extinct volcanic islands in Bismarck volcanic arc fringed by well-developed coral reefs, with drowned platforms down to 1,100 m BSL, providing evidence for subsidence in C section of arc, N of Finisterre TerraneAustralia collision. Adjacent mainland coast has raised terraces indicating long-term uplift. Volcanic and sedimentary loading can explain inferred relative subsidence) Hoffmann, G., E. Silver, S. Day, E. Morgan, N. Driscoll & D. Orange (2008)- Sediment waves in the Bismarck Volcanic Arc, Papua New Guinea. In: A.E. Draut et al. (eds.) Formation and applications of the sedimentary secord in arc collision zones, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 436, p. 91-126. (Six fields of sediment waves imaged in Bismarck Volcanic Arc. Sediment structures not unique and can result from predominantly continuous currents or episodic (turbidity) current, or from deformation of sediment) Hohnen P.D. (1978)- Geology of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Miner. Res., Geol. Geoph. 194, PNG 12, p. 1-39. Home, P.C., D.G. Dalton & J. Brannan (1990)- Geological evolution of the western Papuan basin. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 107-117. Honza, E., H.L. Davies, J.B. Keene & D.L. Tiffin (1987)- Plate boundaries and evolution of the Solomon Sea region. Geo-Marine Lett. 7, 3, p. 161-168. (Solomon Sea Plate widely developed in Late Oligocene, separating proto-West Melanesian Arc from protoTrobriand Arc. Spreading in Bismarck Sea and Woodlark Basin resulted from collision of proto-West Melanesian Arc with N New Guinea, after arc reversal. This model explains extensive Miocene, Pliocene, and Quaternary volcanism of PNG mainland as it related to S-ward subduction of Trobriand Trough)


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Hornafius, J.S. & R.E. Denison (1993)- Structural interpretations based on Strontium isotope dating of the Darai Limestone, Papuan fold belt, New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea. Proc. Second PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 313-324. Howell, W.J.S., R.S.H. Fardon, R.J. Carter & E.D. Bumstead (1978)- History of the Ok Tedi copper prospect, Papua New Guinea, II: the years 1975-1978. Econ. Geol. 73, p. 796-809. Hughes F.E. (ed.) (1990)- Geology of the mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Australasian Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, Monograph Ser. 14, 2 vols. Hulse, J.C. & G.I. Harris (2000)- The Darai Plateau play: foreland basin potential. In: P.G. Buchanan, A.M. Grainge & R.C.N. Thornton (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 169-185. Hutchison, D.S. (1975)- Basement geology of the North Sepik region, Papua New Guinea. BMR Australia, Geology and Geophysics Report, 1975/162, 55 p. Hutchison, D. S. & M.S. Norvick (1978)- Wewak, Papua New Guinea - 1:250,000 geological series.Bur. Min Res., Geology & Geophysics, Australia and Geological Survey PNG, Explanatory Notes, SA/54-16. Hutchison, D.S. & M. Norvick (1980)- Geology of North Sepik region, Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Australia, Record 1980/24, p. InterOil Australia (2011)- Formation evaluation, carbonate reservoir characterisation and resource assessment of the Elk and Antelope gas fields in the onshore Eastern Papuan Basin of Papua New Guinea. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, 86p. (presentation) (On 2006-2008 discovery of large (> 7 TCF) Elk-Antelope gas field in Miocene carbonate buildup in anticlinal structure) Jablonski, D., S. Pono & O.A. Larsen (2006)- Prospectivity of the deepwater Gulf of Papua and surrounds in Papua New Guinea (PNG)- a new look at a frontier region. APPEA J. 46, 1, p. 179-200. (Deepwater Gulf of Papua large basement involved, extensional structures, overprinted by compression. New seismic indicates 11 plays: (1) extensional Paleozoic rift fault blocks; (2) U Jurassic- Lw Cretaceous turbidites (Iagifu-Hedina-Toro sst equivalents); (3) Campanian - M Paleocene Coral Sea synrift sst and basin floor fan equivalents (Pale/ Barune Fms); (4) M Paleocene break-up unconformity fault blocks and intra-basinal highs; (5) U Paleocene-Lw Eocene Pima Sst equivalent associated with M Paleocene uplift and erosion; (6) Oligocene- Lw Miocene lowstand deltas and turbidites; (7) Miocene- Recent biohermal build-ups; (8) Karstified Darai Lst equivalent sealed by Aure Beds claystones; (9) Miocene- Recent lowstand deltas and turbidites; (10) Eocene- Pliocene onlaps onto structural highs; and (11) Compressional plays associated with Pliocene- Recent collision of PNG and Pacific plates) Jack, R.L. & R. Etheridge (1892)- The geology and palaeontology of Queensland and New Guinea. Geol. Survey of Queensland Publ. 72, 3 vols., p. 1-768, 68 plates, map (Classic work on Queensland geology, Devonian- Cretaceous stratigraphy and fauna. Thick Devonian with corals Favosites, Heliolites, Pachypora and Stromatopora and brachiopods Spirifera, Atrypa, Bhynchonella, Pentamerus and Stringocephalus. Permo-Carboniferous Bowen series with coal and Glossopteris flora,brachiopods, etc. Also chapter on Papua New Guinea geology) Jackson, R. (1982)- Ok Tedi: the pot of gold. University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, 199p. Jaques, A.L. (1976)- High-K2O island-arc volcanic rocks from the Finisterre and Adelbert Ranges, northern Papua New Guinea. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 87, p. 861-867. (Thick Oligocene- Early Miocene volcanics in Finistere- Adelbert Ranges. Probably formed in volcanic arc N of a NE dipping subduction zone)


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Jaques, A.L. (1981)- Petrology and petrogenesis of cumulative peridotites and gabbros from the Marum Ophiolite Complex. J. Petrology 22, 1, p. 1-40. (N PNG Marum ophiolite complex 3-4 km thick sequence of ultramafic and mafic cumulates, with mainly dunite at base, through wehrlite, lherzolite, plagioclase lherzolite, pyroxenite, olivine norite-gabbro and norite-gabbro to anorthositic gabbro and ferrogabbro at top. Parent magmas Mg olivine-poor tholeiite. May result from partial melting of depleted mantle lherzolite at shallow depth at mid-ocean ridge or back-arc basin) Jaques, A.L. (1981)- Ophiolites of Papua New Guinea. In: N. Bogdanov (ed.) IGCP Project 39 Ophiolites, p. Jaques, A.L., B.W. Chappell & S.R. Taylor (1983)- Geochemistry of cumulus peridotites and gabbros from the Marum Ophiolite Complex, Northern Papua New Guinea. Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 82, p. 154-164. (Marum ophiolite peridotite-gabbro sequence incomplete: upper part extrusives missing. Parent magmas of Marum cumulates strongly depleted in incompatible trace elements, and not of MORB composition) Jaques, A.L. & G.P. Robinson (1977)- The continent-island arc collision in northern Papua New Guinea. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 2, p. 289-303. (Adelbert-Finisterre Paleogene oceanic volcanic arc above NE-dipping Indo-Australian Plate subduction zone active in Late Eocene- E Miocene and first collided with Australian continental crust in E Miocene. In collision zone SW of arc NE-dipping Marum ophiolite complex, with probable Eocene pelagic sediments interbedded with pillow basalts. SW of ophiolite Bismarck-Schrader Ranges low-grade metamorphics, laterally grading into Late Cretaceous- Eocene clastics and limestones. Metamorphics formed from continental slope flysch with abundant detritus of granitic, metamorphic and volcanic rocks) Jenkins, D.A.L. (1974)- Detachment tectonics in western Papua New Guinea. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 85, p. 533-548. (PNG foldbelt deformation in M-L Pliocene. Pattern of detachment related to configuration of two large basement uplifts, aligned WNW en echelon to spine of island. Uplift continued after thrusting ceased) Jenkins, D.A.L. & A.J. Martin (1972)- Recent investigations into the geology of the southern highlands, Papua. In: Proc. 4th Symp. Development of petroleum resources of Asia and the Far East, UN ECAFE Mineral Resources Dev. Ser. 41, 1, p. 288-294. Johnson, R.W. (ed.) (1976)- Volcanism in Australasia. Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. Johnson, R.W. (1979)- Geotectonics and volcanism in Papua New Guinea: a review of the Late Cenozoic. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geophys. 4, p. 181-207. Johnson, R.W. (1982)- Papua New Guinea. In: R.S. Thorpe (ed.) Andesites, John Wiley, p. 225-244. Johnson, R.W. & A.L. Jacques (1980)- Continent-arc collision and reversal of arc polarity: new interpretation from a critical area. Tectonophysics 63, p. 111-124. (N New Guinea regarded as region where polarity of island arc reversed following collision with Australian continent, but evidence not compelling. Because present-day volcanism off PNG N coast associated with steeply N-dipping Benioff zone and late Cenozoic volcanoes in central highlands cannot be related to Benioff zone, more acceptable interpretation is that, following collision, N-dipping slab beneath arc became suspended nearly vertically. Active marginal basin N of arc is unlikely subducted S beneath mainland, because lithosphere beneath marginal basins appears to be neither thick nor cold enough for initiation of subduction) Johnson, R.W., D.E. MacKenzie, & I.E.M. Smith (1971)- Seismicity and Late Cenozoic volcanism in parts of Papua New Guinea. Tectonophysics 12, p. 15-22. Johnson, R.W., D.E. MacKenzie & I.E.M. Smith (1978)- Delayed partial melting of subduction modified mantle in Papua New Guinea. Tectonophysics 46, p. 197-216.


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(Late Cenozoic volcanoes in PNG assigned to nine volcanic provinces, seven of which related to arc-trench systems. Four of these seven associated with present-day subduction of lithosphere. Volcanism in three other provinces not related to subduction (higher 87Sr/86Sr values, etc.) and may have originated in mantle lithosphere chemically modified in Early Cenozoic or Late Mesozoic by slab-derived fluids) Johnson, R.W., D.E. MacKenzie & I.E.M. Smith (1978)- Volcanic rock associations at convergent plate boundaries: reappraisal of the concept using case histories from Papua New Guinea. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bulll. 89, p. 96-106. (Three volcanic rock associations in seven Late Cenozoic provinces at convergent plate boundaries in PNG) Johnson, R.W., D.E. Mackenzie, G.A.M. Taylor & I.E.M. Smith (1973)- Distribution and petrology of the late Cainozoic volcanoes in Papua New Guinea. In: P.J. Coleman (ed.) The Western Pacific: island arcs, marginal seas, geochemistry, Western Australia Univ. Press, p. 523-534. Johnson, T.L. (1979)- Alternative model for the emplacement of the Papuan ophiolite, Papua New Guinea. Geology 7, 10, p. 495-498. Johnstone, D.C. & J.K. Emmett (2000)- Petroleum geology of the Hides gas field, Southern Highlands, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 319-336. Jorry, S. J., A. W. Droxler, G. Mallarino, G. R. Dickens, S. J. Bentley, L. Beaufort, L.C. Peterson & B.N. Opdyke (2008)- Bundled turbidite deposition in the central Pandora Trough (Gulf of Papua) since Last Glacial Maximum: Linking sediment nature and accumulation to sea level fluctuations a millennial timescale, J. Geophys. Res. 113, doi:10.1029/2006JF000649, 15p. (Siliciclastic turbidites numerous during Last Glacial Maximum (23-19 ka), and did not occur during warming/ deglaciation times. Timing of calciturbidite coincides with first reflooding of Eastern Fields Reef) Joseph, L.E. & E.J. Finlayson (1991)- A revised stratigraphy of Muyua (Woodlark Island). Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea, Rept. 91/3, 56 p. Kaufman, R.L., J.C. Phelps & K.J. Kveton (1997)- Petroleum systems of the Papuan Basin, Papua New Guinea. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australia Conf., Jakarta, Indon. Petrol.Assoc., p. 237-246. (Three petroleum systems in PNG: 1. Jurassic-Imburu (proven play); 2. Cretaceous (tentative; concluded from seeps oil analyses); 3. Tertiary (common oleanane in oil seep near Goroka, N of other seeps/ fields) Kaufman, R.L. & B. Robertson (1999)- Application of reservoir geochemistry in the Iagifu-Hedinia Field, Papua New Guinea. APEA J. 39, p. 421-436. (Combination of oil fingerprint and RFT pressure data in Iagifu-Hedinia Field demonstrated some seals effective over geologic timeframes while others effective only on production timeframe. Geochemical data also indicated presence of reservoir compartments where other data were missing or inconclusive) Kawagie, S.A. (2005)- The mineral resources of Papua New Guinea. Resource Geol. 55, p. 285-288. (Brief review of PNG mining. Three world class, open pit mines at Ok Tedi, Porgera and Lihir; two mediumscale underground operations at Tolukuma and Kainantu) Kawagie, S.A. & J.B. Meyers (1996)- Structural and sequence geometry of the Kiiunga area, Papuan foreland basin, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv. Port Moresby, p. 175-193. Keen, T.R., D.S. Ko, R.L. Slingerland, S. Reidlinger & P. Flynn (2006)- Potential transport pathways of terrestrial material in the Gulf of Papua, Geophys. Res. Letters, 33, 4, L04608, doi:10.1029/2005GL025416.


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Keetley, J.T., K.C. Hill & K.J. Kveton (2000)- 3D structural modeling of the Moran Oilfield, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 309-318. Kicinski, F.M. (1955)- Note on the occurrence of some Tertiary larger foraminifera on Bougainville Island (Solomon Islands). Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Record 1955/008, p. King, S.J., D. Haig & A. George Annette (2000)- The tectonic implications of rapid vertical facies changes in the Yule Island section, Aure Trough, Papua New Guinea. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib., Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1449. (Yule Island section ~1.5 km thick marine M. Miocene- E Pliocene. Two separate cycles of tectonic uplift and subsidence in Aure Trough. Tectonic events recorded in succession include: 1) development of proximal foredeep in response to tectonic loading possibly accretion of E Papuan Composite Terrane prior to ~14.8 Ma; 2) "marginal" uplift associated with development of a fold-and-thrust-belt from ~11.4 Ma; 3) second tectonic loading event, possibly accretion of Adelbert-Finisterre volcanic terrane at ~8.8 Ma; and, 4) pervasive basinwide uplift associated with development of a second and fold-and-thrust-belt from ~5.2 Ma) Kington, J.D. & A.M. Goodliffe (2008)- Plate motions and continental extension at the rifting to spreading transition in Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea: can oceanic plate kinematics be extended into continental rifts? Tectonophysics 458, p. 82-95. (Woodlark Basin comparison of brittle extension, subsidence, and extension predicted from long-term plate motions at rifting to spreading transition of a non-volcanic margin. Seismic data near rifting to spreading transition yields 111 km of brittle extension, subsidence predicts about same. Long term plate motions derived from seafloor spreading predict 220 km of extension) Klimchuk, G.A. (1993)- Provenance and depositional setting of the Pliocene Era Formation, Aure fold and thrust belt, Papua New Guinea. M.A. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 130p. Klootwijk, C., J. Giddings & C. Pigram (1993)- Palaeomagnetic constraints on terrane tectonics: Highlands and Sepik regions, Papua New Guinea. Expl. Geoph. 24, 2, p. 291-294. (New Guinea more than 32 terranes of oceanic, continental or composite affinity. Paleomagnetic control on terrane movement of mainland New Guinea restricted to Bird's Head (Giddings et al., 1993), and North Sepik and Highland regions of Papua New Guinea. Results from two latter regions discussed) Klootwijk, C., J. Giddings, C. Pigram, C. Loxton, H. Davies, R. Rogerson & D. Falvey (2003)- Papua New Guinea Highlands: palaeomagnetic constraints on terrane tectonics. Tectonophysics 362, 1-4, p. 239-272. (Palaeomagnetic study of 21 localities in PNG Highlands. Three magnetic components: (1) recent overprint; (2) mainly normal polarity overprint during M-L Miocene intrusive activity in central cordillera; (3) primary component. Interior zone with Triassic- Miocene of Kubor Anticline, Jimi Terrane, and Yaveufa Syncline in C and E Highlands 30°- 100°+ counterclockwise rotations. Exterior zone is basement-involved, Pliocene foreland fold-and-thrust belt in S Highlands. Exterior zone 30°- 50°+ clockwise rotations in Mendi area. Contrasting rotations across Tahin and Stolle-Lagaip-Kaugel Fault zones indicate decoupling of zones. CCW rotations in Kubor Anticline-Jimi Terrane cratonic spur interpreted as non-rigid rotation of continental terranes as they were transported W across NE Australian craton margin. This margin became reorganised after M Miocene, when N-advancing Australian craton impinged into W-moving Pacific plate/buffer-plate) Klootwijk, C., J. Giddings, C. Pigram, C. Loxton, H. Davies R. Rogerson & D. Falvey (2003)- North Sepik region of Papua New Guinea: palaeomagnetic constraints on arc accretion and deformation. Tectonophysics 362, 1-4, p. 273-301. (Bewani-Torricelli Arc of N Sepik, Paleocene- E Miocene Bliri Volcanics counterclockwise rotations of 30°+110°+ relative to Australian craton, and clockwise rotations of 100°- 170°+ of detached Tring Block. Latitudinal evolution of Bewani-Torricelli Arc similar to Baining Arc (Finisterre-Huon-New Ireland-New Britain), and indicates N-ward movement from ~30°S in Late Eocene to ~15°S in E-M Miocene, suggesting both arcs may be parts of larger E-W-oriented arc complex, possibly located on Pacific plate prior to accretion)


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Klootwijk, C., J. Giddings, W. Sunata, C. Pigram, C. Loxton, H. Davies, R. Rogerson & D. Falvey (1987)Paleomagnetic constraints on terrane tectonics in New Guinea. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 237-239. (Paleomagnetic work for New Guinea shows common Late Tertiary overprints. Birds Head probably some Nward movement relative to Australia between M Eocene and M Miocene and some post E-M Miocene counterclockwise rotation. In N Sepik region Torricelli and Border Mountain blocks 100° or more counterclockwise rotations. In Highlands Kubor Block 50-100° counterclockwise rotation) Knight, C.L. (ed.) (1976)- Economic geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Austral. Inst. Mining and Metallurgy Mon., volumes 1-3, p. Kopi, G., I. Abiari, P.G. Quilty, T.W. Kilya, S. Nekitel, R.H. Findlay, C. Mortimer & P. Kia (2002)- Cretaceous macrofossils from the Ramu Valley and the Snake River, Papua New Guinea, place the northern terranes of PNG and the Owen Stanley Metamorphics in Gondwana. In: V.P. Preiss (ed.) Geoscience 2002, 16th Australian Geol. Conv., Geol. Soc. Australia. 67, p. 363. (Abstract only) Krieger, F.W., Eadington, P.J., & Eisenberg (1996)- Rw, reserves and timing of oil charge in the Papuan Fold Belt. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Third PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 1996, p. 407-416. Kristan-Tollman, E. (1986)- Beobachtungen zur Trias am Sudost-Ende der Tethys- Papua/ Neuguinea, Australien, Neuseeland. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Palaont., Monatsh. 4, p. 201-222. (‘Observations on the Triassic of the SE margin of the Tethys- Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. Upper Triassic Tethyan faunas remarkably similar all the way East to New Zealand, NW Australia. Includes discussion of Kubor terrane Rhaetian Gurumugl reefal limestones ESE of Mount Hagen, PNG) Kristan-Tollman, E. (1986)- Foraminiferen aus dem Rhatischen Kuta-Kalk von Papua- Neuguinea. Mitt. Osterr. Geol. Ges. 78 (1985), p. 291-317. (First description of Rhaetian foraminifers from Kuta limestone, Mt. Hagen area, PNG Highlands. This fauna is of Tethyan affinity, very similar to same age faunas from Mediterranean/ Alps area. Three biofacies types: near-reef (with Trocholina, Coronipora, Semiinvoluta, etc.), fore-reef (crinoid detrital limestones with Variostoma cochlea, etc.) and lagoonal (low diversity with Angulodiscus, Glomospira/ Glomospirella) Kristan-Tollman, E. (1990)- Rhaet-Foraminiferen aus dem Kuta-Kalk des Gurumugl-Riffes in ZentralPapua/Neuguinea. Mitt. Osterr. Geol. Ges. 82 (1989), p. 211-289. ('Rhaetian foraminifera from the Kuta Limestone of the Gurumugl Reef in central PNG'. More detailed account of Latest Triassic foram assemblage of 85 species from W part of Gurumugl Reef, W Kundiawa. All species also known from West Tethys, showing uniformity of Late Triassic Tethyan reef faunas. No stratigraphic info) Kugler, A. (1990)- Geology and petroleum plays of the Aitape Basin, New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 479-490. Kugler, K.A. (1993)- Seismic structure and stratigraphy within the Aure fold and thrust belt, Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea. MA Thesis University of Texas at Austin, 104 p. Kugler, K.A. (1993)- Detailed analysis from seismic data of the structure within the Aure fold and thrust belt, Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Second PNG Petroleum Conference, Port Moresby, p. 399-411. (Aure fold-thrust belt folds with amplitudes up to 3500m. Multiple sub-horizontal detachment zones in Paleogene- Pliocene. Minumum shortening 20% for Late Miocene beds. First observable compression by Late Miocene (~5.3- 7.2 Ma), with deformation continuing today at frontal foldbelt)


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Kulange, B.J., Y. Kajiwara & K. Komuro (2002)- Cu-Fe Bearing zinc sulfide from Laloki stratabound massive sulfide deposit, Papua New Guinea: chemical characterization. Resource Geol. 52, p. 67-72. Kulig, C., R. McCaffrey, G.A. Abers & H. Letz (1993)- Shallow seismicity of arc-continent collision near Lae, Papua New Guinea. Tectonophysics 227, p. 81-93. (Ramu-Markham Valley separates island arc rocks to N from those of continental origin to S and appears to be western, onland extension of New Britain trench. E end of RMV narrow, near-vertical belt of seismicity between 10-30 km depth (Lae Seismic Zone), probably within lower plate of gently dipping thrust) Kvenvolden, K.A. (1988)- Hydrocarbon gas in botton sediment from offshore the northern islands of Papua New Guinea. In: N.S. Marlow et al. (eds.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Islands arcs-New Ireland and Manus region, PNG, Circum-Pacific Council Energy and Min. Res. Earth Science Ser. 9, p. 157-160. Kvenvolden, K. A. & A. Niem (1989)- Hydrocarbon gases in sediments of the Solomon Islands area. In J.G. Vedder & T.R. Bruns (ed.s) Geology and Offshore Resources of Pacific Island arcs-Solomon Islands and Bougainville, Papua New Guinea Regions, Texas, Circum-Pacific Council Energy and Min Res, Earth Science Series, Houston, p. 283-286. Lamerson, P.R. (1990)- Evolution of structural interpretations in Iagifu/Hedinia field, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.), Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 283-300. Larue, D. & M. Daniels (2000)- Stratigraphic architecture, facies and stratigraphic modeling of the upper and lower Iagifu reservoir intervals, Gobe and Southeast Gobe Fields, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 349-367. LaRue, R.H. (1993)- Leading edge architecture of the Papuan fold belt. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum Exploration and Development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby 1993, PNG Chamber of Mines, p. 371-383. Leamon, G.R. & G.L. Parsons (1986)- Tertiary carbonate plays of the Papua Basin. Proc. 6h Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1986, SEAPEX Proc. 7, p. 213-227. (Overview of Eocene- Miocene carbonate fairways in PNG) Lindley, D. (1988)- Early Cainozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Gazelle Peninsula, East New Britain; an example of extensional tectonics in the New Britain arc trench complex. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 35, 2, p. 231-244. Lindley, I.D. (2006)- Extensional and vertical tectonics in the New Guinea islands: implications for island arc evolution. Annals Geophys. 49, Suppl. 1, p. 403- 426. (online at: http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/4406/4486) (New Guinea Islands E of PNG tectonic evolution.Disposition of slabs of formerly extensive Miocene platform carbonate suggests New Ireland and New Britain have undergone little more than gentle tilting and uniform uplift, despite location in tectonically dynamic areas) Lingrey, S (2000)- Structural interpretation and modeling of seismic data from the Moran and Paua area, PNG foldbelt. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 385-396. Lisk, M., J. Hamilton, P. Eadington & T. Kotaka (1993)- Hydrocarbon and pore water migration history in relation to diagenesis in the Toro and Iagifu sandstones, SE Gobe-2. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 477-488.


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Little, T. A., S. L. Baldwin, P. G. Fitzgerald, and B. Monteleone (2007)- Continental rifting and metamorphic core complex formation ahead of the Woodlark spreading ridge, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea, Tectonics, 26, TC1002, doi:10.1029/2005TC001911, 26 p. (Metamorphic core complex (MCC) on Normanby Island in Woodlark rift. Over1 km thick blueschist-derived mylonites formed in midcrustal shear zone in Pliocene at ~400–500°C. This top-to-N zone reactivated gently dipping base of Papuan ophiolite (PUB). Mylonites in MCC lower plate exhumed along detachment as result of >50 km of slip, at >12 mm/yr. Inactive detachment preserves fault surface lineations parallel to PlioPleistocene plate motion. Extreme crustal thinning near MCC preconditioned later continental breakup. Lower crust weak, thickening beneath unloaded footwalls to uplift MCCs above sea level, and flowing laterally to even out regional crustal thickness contrasts on a 1-6 M.y. timescale) Little, T.A., B.R. Hacker, S.M. Gordon, S.L. Baldwin, P.G. Fitzgerald, S. Ellis & M. Korchinski (2011)Diapiric exhumation of Earth's youngest (UHP) eclogites in the gneiss domes of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea. Tectonophysics 510, p. 39-68. (Woodlark rift, E PNG, hosts world's younges (2-8 Ma) eclogites. Derived from Australian Plate-derived continental rocks, subducted to UHP depths during Eocene Papuan arc-continent collision. Exhumation processes buoyancy-driven) Liu, K. & K.A.W. Crook (1992)- Sedimentary basin evolution during propagating arc-continent collision, PNG. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015. (Abstract only) (Oblique collision between Finisterre arc-Australian continent at NE PNG margin created isolated basins along Markham Suture since Late Miocene. Basins initially formed by convergence of irregular plate margins. In SE end of Markham Suture sedimentary basin evolution recorded in Pliocene-Pleistocene Erap Complex and Leron Fm of accretionary prism. Remnant basin with >1000 m of deep sea turbidites was enclosed by two plate promotories on Australian plate around 5 Ma. Around 3 Ma, as arc-continent collision proceeded, turbidites incorporated into approaching forearc, with thick submarine fan/ slope deposits in trench slope basins. As collision progressed, area was uplifted to form intramountane basin with fan delta deposition) Liu, K. & K.A.W. Crook (1993)- Miocene- Pleistocene deep-sea to alluvial fan delta sedimentation in the Markham Basin, Papua New Guinea: sedimentary response to arc-continent collision. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby 1993, p. 97-109. Liu, K. & K.A.W. Crook (2001)- Neogene sedimentary basin evolution in northern Papua New Guinea: a model for basin evolution in convergent margins settings. In: K.C. Hill & T. Bernecker (eds.) Eastern Australasian basins symposium, a refocused energy perspective for the future, Melbourne 2001, Petr. Expl. Soc. Austr., Spec. Publ., p. 169-177. (Mainly on M Miocene- Pleistocene predominantly deep-water stratigraphy of Markham basin, E PNG. Change from Australian plate- sourced Sukurum unit to Finisterre Arc terrane- sourced Nariawang unit at 3.7- 3.1 Ma, representing collision of Finisterre arc and Australian Plate. Collision earlier (10 Ma) in Ramu Basin) Lloyd, A.R. (1975)- An outline of the Tertiary palaeontology and stratigraphy of the Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea. In: Wiryosujono & A. Sudrajat (eds.) Proc. Reg. Conf. Geology and Mineral Resources of Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1975, p. 43-54. Lloyd, A.R. (1988)- The geology and hydrocarbon potential of Southern Papua New Guinea. Allan R. Lloyd & Associates, p. 1-132. (Unpublished consultant report) Lloyd, A.R. (1993)- The geology, biostratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of the Papuan Basin, Papua New Guinea. Supplement, Allan R. Lloyd & Associates, p. 1-198. (Unpublished consultant report) Lock, J., H.L. Davies, D.L. Tiffin, F. Murakami & K. Kisimoto (1987)- The Trobriand subduction system in the Western Solomon Sea. Geo-Marine Letters 7, 3, p. 129-134.


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(S-dipping Subduction system under Trobriand Trough and 149° Embayment, on S margin of Solomon Sea, is active or was recently active. Oceanic basement overlain by 2.5 sec TWT of sediment showing two deformation stages: early thrusts (inner wall) and normal faults (outer wall), and later normal faults that elevated outer trench margin. Thrust anticlines and slope basins on inner wall) Loffler, E. (1972)- Pleistocene glaciation in Papua and New Guinea. Zeitschr. Geomorph. 13, p. 32-58. Loffler, E. (1977)- Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea. Australian Nat. Univ. Press, Canberra, 258p. Loffler, E., D.E. MacKenzie & A.W. Webb (1980)- Potassium-Argon ages from some of the Papua New Guinea volcanoes and their relevance to Pleistocene geomorphic history. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 25, p. 387-397. (PNG Highlands volcanics ages suggest start of volcanic activity at 1.6 Ma, major activity ceasing at 0.2 Ma) Loudon, A.G. (1987)- Gold in Papua New Guinea. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 767-772. (Brief history of gold discovery and production in PNG) Lowenstein, P.L. & P.E. Pieters (1974)- Gold and platinum in the East and West Sepik Districts. Dept. of Lands, Surveys and Mines, Geol. Survey of Papua New Guinea, Report 74/25 p. 1-32. Lucas, K. (2004)- Physical analog modelling of primary stratigraphic and structural controls on the evolution of the Papuan fold belt, Papua New Guinea, with implications for hydrocarbon exploration. M.Sc. Thesis Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada, 117 p. (Papuan Foldbelt structures range from thin-skinned deformation of cover to reactivation of extensional basement faults. Scaled physical analog models used to predict structural style. Modelling of reactivation of extensional faults in thin-skinned setting indicates reactivation may occur early in deformation sequence, locally absorbing majority of shortening and controlling location of fold versus thrust-dominated structures) Lus, W.Y., I. McDougall & H.L. Davies (2004)- Age of the metamorphic sole of the Papuan Ultramafic Belt ophiolite, Papua New Guinea. Tectonophysics 392, p. 85-101. (Papuan Ultramafic belt >400km long, 12 km thick. Probably Maastrichtian age oceanic crust (Ar-Ar ages 6759.5 Ma). Emplaced during collision of Cape Vogel island arc and rifted fragment of Australia around K-T boundary. Thick metamorphic sole of 300m amphibolite-granulite, grading into lower-grade Emo metamorphics, cooled at ~58 Ma, Paleocene) Lynch, D.A. & G.J. Milner (1993)- The Maastrichtian- Danian disconformity in the Mendi-Nipa region, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 1993, p. 61-73. (Stratigraphic gap across K-T boundary of 2 My (66.4-64.5) in Mendi Region, in more proximal Nipa region 4.5 My (69- 64.5 Ma) MacKenzie, D.E. (1975)- Volcanic and plate tectonic evolution of Central Papua New Guinea. Explor. Geoph. 6, p. 66-68. (Volcanic activity in central PNG began in Late Triassic with submarine and terrestrial andesitic and dacitic lavas on and near NE corner of Paleozoic Australian continental crust. Minor basaltic to rhyolitic eruptions in Jurassic in same general area. Cretaceous increase in volcanic activity intensity and distribution, spreading to N and W, producing mainly andesitic lavas. Cretaceous increase may correlate with beginning of spreading in Pacific basin to NE and could be first subduction in area. No evidence to link earlier volcanism with subduction, although it took place on or near plate boundary) MacKenzie, D.E. (1976)- Nature and origin of late Cenozoic volcanoes in western Papua New Guinea. In: R.W. Johnson (ed.) Volcanism in Australasia. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 221-238.


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MacKenzie, D.E. (1975)- Volcanic and plate tectonic evolution of central Papua New Guinea. Bull. Austr. Soc. Exploration Geophys. 6, p. 66-68. MacKenzie, D.E. (1976)- Nature and origin of Late Cainozoic volcanoes in western Papua New Guinea. In: R.W. Johnson (ed.) Volcanism in Australasia, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 221-238. MacKenzie, D.E. (1978)- Plate-tectonic evolution and delayed partial melting in Western Papua New Guinea. Explor. Geoph. 9, p. 89-90. (Late Cainozoic volcanoes in PNG Highlands overlie cratonic crust but produce arc-type volcanics. Mantle magma source chemically modified during subduction and passed through rapid and pronounced changes in tectonic setting may later on be source of magmas produced during favourable but non-arc tectonic regime) MacKenzie, D.E. & B.W. Chappell (1972)- Shoshonitic and calc-alkaline lavas from the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 35, p. 50-62. (Pleistocene- Recent stratovolcanoes in PNG Highlands calc-alkaline to shoshonitic lava, tuff, agglomerate, ash, and lahars. Volcanics originated either in base of thick sialic crust which is undergoing stabilization after major orogeny and uplift, or more probably, in eclogite sinking through underlying mantle) MacKenzie, D.E. & R.W. Johnson (1984)- Pleistocene volcanoes of the western Papua New Guinea highlands: Morphology, geology, petrography, and modal chemical analyses. Australian Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph. Report 246, 271 p. Madu, S. (1996)- Correlation sections of the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous succession in the Papuan fold belt, Papuan Basin. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 259(Twelve eustatic cycles around Toro and pre-Toro reservoir sections) Maitland, G. (1892)- Geological observations in British New Guinea. Geological Survey Queensland, Report 85, p. (Includes first description of granite outcrops at Mabaduan, PNG south coast) Maitland, G. (1905)- The salient features of British New Guinea (Papua). W. Austr. Nat. Hist. Soc. 2, p. 32-56. (includes report of supposedly Devonian grey limestone with coral Heliolites porosa on Tauri River (only, but unverified report of Devonian rocks in PNG?; HvG)) Manser, W. (1976)- Stratigraphy of Papua New Guinea. 25th Int. Geol. Congress. Excursion Guide 51A, 41p. (Brief overview of PNG geology and 4-day fieldtrip itinerary) Marchant, S. (1968)- A photogeological assessment of the petroleum geology of the northern New Guinea basin North of the Sepik River, Territory of New Guinea. Bur. Mineral Res., Canberra, Rept. 130 (Report PNG 4), 78p. + Plates (Set of 1: 100,000 photogeological maps of NW part of PNG, N of Sepik River) Marlow, M.S., N.F. Exon & S.V. Dadisman (1992)- Hydrocarbon potential and gold mineralization in the New Ireland Basin, Papua New Guinea. In: J.S. Watkins et al. (eds.) Geology and geophysics of continental margins. AAPG Mem. 53, p. 119-137. Marlow, M.S., N.F. Exon, H.F. Ryan & S.V. Dadisman (1988)- Offshore structure and stratigraphy of New Ireland basin in northern Papua New Guinea. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Islands arcs -New Ireland and Manus region, PNG, Circum-Pacific Council Energy and Mineral Res. Earth Sci. Ser. 9, p. 137-155. Martinez, F., A.M. Goodliffe & B. Taylor (2001)- Metamorphic core complex formation by density inversion and lower-crust extrusion. Nature, 411, p. 930 - 934.


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(D'Entrecasteaux Islands actively forming metamorphic core complexes in continental rift that laterally evolves to seafloor spreading. Continental rifting is recent (since 6 Ma), seismogenic and rapid (~25mm/yr). D'Entrecasteaux core complexes accommodate extension through vertical extrusion of ductile lower-crust material, driven by crustal density inversion (thermal expansion lowers crustal density with depth). Buoyant extrusion accentuated in this region by geological structure (dense ophiolite over less-dense continental crust) Mason, D.R. & J.E. Heaslip (1980)- Tectonic setting and origin of intrusive rocks and related porphyry copper deposits in the western Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Tectonophysics 63, p. 123-137. (Tertiary and younger calc-alkaline intrusives and related porphyry copper mineralization in two tectonic settings: New Guinea Mobile Belt to N, and Australian Continental Block to S. Ages dominantly M Miocene (15-10 Ma) in Mobile Belt, Late Miocene- Pleistocene (7-1 Ma) in Continental Block. Transcurrent- and blockfaulting controlled emplacement of intrusives) Mason, D.R. & J.A. McDonald (1978)- Intrusive rocks and porphyry copper occurrences in the Papua New Guinea- Solomon island region: a reconnaissance study. Econ. Geol. 73, p. 857-877. Mason, H.D. & B.A. McConachie (2000)- Cross Catalina anticline: an oil accumulation in the New Guinea fold belt in Irian Jaya. In: P.G. Buchanan, A.M. Grainge & R.C.N. Thornton (eds.) Proc. Fourth PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, PNG Chamber of Mines and Petroleum, p. 475-485. (Cross Catalina 1 well 51m net oil-saturation in E Cretaceous Woniwogi Fm sst, but low porosity due to quartz overgrowths (2-12%). Cross Catalina structure ~200 km2 and potential OIP may be >500 MBO!) Mason, R.A. (1994)- Structural evolution of the western Papuan fold belt, Papua New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 331 p. Mason, R.A. (1996)- Structure of the Western Papuan Fold Belt. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea. Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv. Port Moresby, p. 161-173. Mason, R.A. (1997)- Structure of the Alice anticline, Papua New Guinea: serial balanced cross-sections and their restoration. J. Struct. Geol. 19, 5, p. 719-734. (Structures of W part of Papuan Fold Belt both thin-skinned thrusting and basement involved structures. Alice anticline is frontal foldbelt basement-involved structure, formed due to inversion of older extensional fault system, with varying amounts of shortening along strike. Rotations about vertical axes attributed to pinning of foreland propagating deformation, coincident with relay zones in early extensional fault geometry) Matsumoto, T. & S.K. Skwarko (1991)- Ammonites of the Cretaceous Ieru Formation, western Papua New Guinea. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 12, 3, p. 245-262. Matsumoto, T. & S.K. Skwarko (1993)- Cretaceous ammonites from South Central Papua New Guinea. AGSO J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 14, 4, p. 411-433. Matzke, R.H., J.G. Smith & W.K. Foo (1992)- Iagafu/Hedinia Field. First oil from the Papuan fold and thrust belt. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade 1978-1988, AAPG Mem. 54, p. 471-482. (Iagifu-Hedinia first oil development in PNG fold-thrust belt. Discovery well Iagifu-2X drilled in 1986 flowed 45° API oil and gas from thrust-cored anticline. Primary reservoir E Cretaceous (Berriasian) Toro sandstone. Well locations selected on basis of surface geology and well results. Estimated reserves of 146.6 MBO) McClusky, S., K. Mobbs, A. Stolz, D. Barsby, W. Loratung, K. Lambeck, & P. Morgan (1994)- The Papua New Guinea satellite crustal motion surveys. The Australian Surveyor 39, p. 194-214. McConachie, B. & E. Lanzilli (2000)- Stanley gas condensate field discovery and the oil potential of the Western Papuan Basin. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 427-442.


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McConachie, B., E. Lanzilli, D. Kendrick & C Burge (2000)- Extensions of the Papuan Basin foreland geology into eastern Irian Jaya (West Papua) and the New Guinea fold belt in Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 219-237. McGee, W.A. (1987)- The chromite resources of Papua New Guinea. In: Pacific Rim Congress 87, Gold Coast 1987, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 317-320. (Chromite deposits associated with ophiolite complexes across PNG. Not currently exploitable, but potential where contained in laterites or sediments derived from ultramafic members of ophiolites) McMillan, N.J. & E.J. Malone (1960)- The geology of the eastern Central Highlands of New Guinea. Austral. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph., Rept. 48, 57p. McWalter, M. (1996)- Oil exploration in Papua and the Mandated Territory of New Guinea: Introduction. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed), Petroleum Exploration, Development and Production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 17-49. Medd, D.M. (1993)- A geological evaluation of the Pangia anticline, Southern Highlands Province, PNG. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby 1993. PNG Chamber of Mines, p. 385-397. Medd, D.M. (1996)- Triangle zone deformation at the leading edge of the Papuan fold belt. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv. Port Moresby, p. 217-229. Medd, M.D. (1996)- Recent triangle zone deformation in Papua New Guinea. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol. 44, 2, p. 400-409. (Description of Puri anticline in PNG; in triangle zone along leading edge PNG foldbelt) Menzies, J., H.L. Davies, W.J. Dunlap & S.D. Golding (2008)- A possible early age for a diprotodon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) fossil from the Papua New Guinea highlands. Alcheringa 32, p. 129-147. (Jawbone of fossil diprotodon (large wombat-type marsupial) from Pleistocene lacustrine sediments near Yonki in PNG highlands is coated with cemented fine breccia or tuff, suggesting it was originally buried in volcanic breccia (Ar/Ar age 13.2 Ma, M Miocene) and subsequently reworked by river erosion and redeposited) Milsom, J.S. (1970)- Woodlark Basin, a minor center of sea-floor spreading in Melanesia. J. Geophys. Res. 75, p. 7335-7339. Milsom, J.S. (1973)- Papuan Ultramafic Belt: gravity anomalies and the emplacement of ophiolites. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 84, p. 2243-2258. (Papuan Ultramafic Belt one of largest ophiolitic complexes in world. Most likely emplacement process is large-scale splitting of oceanic lithosphere as it approaches a subduction zone) Milsom, J.S. (1973)- The gravity field of the Papuan Peninsula. Geol. Mijnbouw 52, p. 13-20. Milsom, J. (1974)- East New Guinea. In: A.M. Spencer (ed.) Mesozoic-Cainozoic orogenic belts, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 463- 474. Milsom, J.S. (1981)- Neogene thrust emplacement from a frontal arc in New Guinea. In: K. McClay & N.J. Price (eds.) Thrust and Nappe Tectonics, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 9, p. 417-426. (N New Guinea evidence for Neogene collision of N margin Australian continent with S-facing island arc. Still active volcanism along length of arc and deep oceanic trench opposite segment E of collision zone. Finisterre Range, part of former frontal arc and now part of N New Guinea, up to 50 km S of expected position with


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respect to segments to E and W. Offset not deep seated feature, but result of movement on shallow thrust. Detachment of thrust sheet along volcanic arc line of weakness. Mobile segment may have been part of frontal arc that first collided with continental margin. Adjacent segments at time of collision opposite oceanic, deeper trenches, have not moved in this way) Milsom, J.S. (1984)-The gravity field of the Marum ophiolite complex, Papua New Guinea. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 13, p. 351-357. (Marum ophiolite outcrops in NE PNG in fault contact with sialic rocks of continental core of island. To N overlain by thick sediments of Ramu Basin with major gravity low. Gravity anomaly high offset towards N edge of outcrops of basic rock. Anomaly similar in form, but smaller than Papuan Ultramafic Belt anomaly to E) Milsom, J. (1989)- New Guinea and the western Melanesian arcs. In: A.E.M.Nairn et al. (eds.), The ocean basins and margins 7A, The Pacific Ocean, Plenum Press, New York, p. 551-605. Milsom, J. (1991)- Oblique collision in New Guinea; implications for hydrocarbon exploration. In: J.W. Cosgrove & M.E. Jones (eds.) Neotectonics and resources, Belhaven Press, p. 257-267. Milsom, J. (2003)- Forearc ophiolites: a view from the western Pacific. In: Y. Dilek & P.T. Robinson (eds.) Ophiolites in Earth history. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 218, p. 507-515. Milsom, J. & R.H. Findlay (2000)- Petroleum prospects in the Ramu-Markham foreland basin, northeastern Papua New Guinea. AAPG Int. Conf., Bali 2000, AAPG Bull. 84, 9 (Abstract only) (Adelbert and Finisterre ranges (AFR) of N PNG separated from C New Guinea by Ramu- Markham valleyswith >6 km sediments. Gravity data indicate still thicker sediment beneath S-ward thrusting Finisterre Range. Majority of Ramu-Markham and AFR sediments derived from S. Seismic zones dipping both N, beneath AFR, and S beneath New Guinea Highlands testify to former presence of oceanic crust between two. Solomon Sea, believed to be Miocene age, is eastern extension of basin. Miocene back-arc spreading created oceanic crust, followed by arc reversal and basin destruction). Milsom, J., R. Findlay & G. Kopi (2001)- Early nappe deformation in arc-continent collision: gravity evidence from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea.In: G. Hancock (ed.), Proc. Geology, Exploration and Mining Conference, Port Moresby 2001,. Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, p.275-280. Milsom, J. & I.E. Smith (1975)- Southeastern Papua: generation of thick crust in a tensional environment? Geology 3, 3 , p. 117-120. (Extreme SE part of Papuan Peninsula mainly M Eocene submarine basalt, resembling mid-ocean ridge tholeites) Mollan, R.G. & G.J. Blackburn (1990)- Petroleum potential of the Fly-Bamu Deltas region. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 215-226. Munroe, S.M. & I.S.Williams (1996)- The Archaean basement of Papua New Guinea; evidence from the Porgera intrusive complex. In: J.M. Kennard (ed.) Geol. Soc. Australia Abstracts No.41, p. 308. (Porgera intrusive complex in W PNG contains mixture of Late Miocene and Archean zircons) Monteleone, B.D., S.L. Baldwin, T.R. Ireland & P.G. Fitzgerald (2001)- Thermochronologic constraints for the tectonic evolution of the Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea. In: P. Huchon et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Dilling Program (ODP) 180, Sci. Results, p. 1-34. (ODP Leg 180 drilled near Moresby Seamount. Igneous rocks mainly diabase-metadiabase, with minor basalt and gabbro. Zircon age of 66.4 ± 1.5 Ma dates diabase crystallization, plagioclase isochron age of 59 ± 6 Ma, interpreted to represent cooling following intrusion. Diabase not thermally affected by Miocene-Pliocene rift events. Crustal extension in area of Moresby Seamount accommodated by normal faulting in latest Cretaceous-


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E Paleocene oceanic crust. Felsic clasts additional evidence for M Miocene- Pliocene magmatic events in region. Rhyolitic clasts zircon ages of ~16 Ma evidence for Miocene volcanism in region). Monteleone, B.D., S.L. Baldwin, L.E. Webb, P.G. Fitzgerald et al. (2007)- Late Miocene-Pliocene eclogite facies metamorphism, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, SE Papua New Guinea. J. Metam. Geol. 25, 2, p. 245-265. (SE PNG active metamorphic core complexes formed in region where tectonic regime transitioned from subduction to rifting. At least one of eclogite bodies formed in Pliocene. Samples from Fergusson and Goodenough Islands document Late Miocene-Pliocene (8-2 Ma) eclogite formation. W-ward younging of eclogite facies metamorphism from Fergusson to Goodenough Island. Present-day exposure of Late MiocenePliocene eclogites requires exhumation rates >2.5cm/yr) Montgomery, J.N. (1930)- A contribution to the Tertiary geology of Papua: The oil exploration work in Papua and New Guinea. Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 4, p. 3-85. Morgan, G.D. (2005)- Sequence stratigraphy and structure of the Tertiary limestones in the Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis University of New South Wales, Kensington, 315 p. (at http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/uploads/approved/adt-NUN20060320.120401/public/ ) (Good overview of Eocene- Miocene Darai Limestone stratigraphy and structure) Morton, A.C., B. Humphreys, G. Manggal & C.M. Fanning (2000)- Provenance and correlation of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstones in Papua New Guinea using heavy mineral analysis. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 187-203. (Variations in heavy mineral assemblages used to correlate reservoir sandstones) Murray, A.P., R.E. Summons, J. Bradshaw & B. Pawihl (1993)- Cainozoic oil in Papua New Guinea- evidence from geochemical analysis of two newly discovered seeps. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Second PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 489-498. Mutter, J.C. (1975)- Structural analysis of the Gulf of Papua and Northwest Coral Sea region. Report Bur.Min. Res., Geol. Geoph., Canberra, 179 p. Newton, R.Bullen (1918)- Foraminiferal and nullepire structures in some Tertiary limestones from New Guinea. Geol. Mag. 6, 5, 5, p. 203-212. (Pebbles from Upper Fly River, PNG, collected by MacGregor in 1890 include Eocene limestone with Alveolina wichmanni, Lacazinella wichmanni and Orthophragmina (=Discocyclina) and Miocene limestone with Carpenteria, Alveolina and Lithothamnium) Noku, S.K., M. Akasaka & H. Matsueda (2011)- The Crater Mountain deposit, Papua New Guinea: porphyryrelated Au-Te System. Resource Geol. 61, p. 63-75. Norvick, M. (2001)- Chronostratigraphic sections of the Northern margins of the Australian Plate. Unpubl. Report, Melbourne, p. Norvick, M. & D.S. Hutchison (1980)- Aitape-Vanimo. 1:250,000 Geol. Series. Geol. Surv. Papua New Guinea. Explanatory Notes SA/54-11, SA/54-15. (Includes Late Permian (257-242 Ma) granitoids in mountains of PNG- West Papua border area) Nye, P.B. & N.H. Fisher (1954)- The mineral deposits and mining industry in Papua-New Guinea, Bur. Min.l Res., Geol. Geoph., Canberra, Report 9, p. Ollier, C.D. & C.F. Pain (1980)- Actively rising surficial gneiss domes in Papua New Guinea. J. Geol. Australia 27, p. 33-34.


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(Faults can be traced around gneiss dome on Goodenough Island and around other domes in SE PNG. Each dome probably originated by pushing of granite pluton) Ollier, C.D. & C.F. Pain (1981)- Active gneiss domes in Papua New Guinea- new tectonic landforms. Zeitschr. Geomorph., N.F. 25, p. 133-145. Oppel, T.W. (1970)- Exploration of the southwest flank of the Papuan Basin. APEA J. 10, 2, p. 62-69. Osborne, N. (1945)- The Mesozoic stratigraphy of the Fly River headwaters. Proc. Roy.Soc. Victoria 56, 2, p. 133-148. (Thick (~7500’) marine Mesozoic in headwaters of Fly River. U Jurassic (?Callovian-Oxfordian Kuabgen Gp) with Malayomaorica- Belemnopsis gerardi, overlain by M Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian Feing Gp) with Inoceramus. Cretaceous unconformably overlain by Tertairy limestone, with U Cretaceous-Eocene missing) Osborne, D.G. (1990)- The hydrocarbon potential of the western Papuan Basin foreland- with reference to worldwide analogues. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 197-213. Ota, Y. & J. Chappell (1999)- Holocene sea-level rise and coral reef growth on a tectonically rising coast, Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Quaternary Int. 55, p. 51-59. Ota, Y., J. Chappell, R. Kelley, N. Yonekura, E. Matsumoto, T. Nishimura & J. Head (1993)- Holocene coral reef terraces and coseismic uplift of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Quatern. Res. 40, 2, p. 177-188. (Six levels of emerged Holocene coral terraces along 40 km of Huon Peninsula coastline. Holocene reef crest, ca. 6000 yr B.P., is tilted down toNW and descends from 23 to 12 m in study area) Owen, A.D. & J.C. Lattimore (1998)- Oil and gas in Papua New Guinea. Energy Policy 26, 9, p. 655-660. Owen, M. (1973)- Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera from Papua New Guinea. Austral. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 140, p. 47-65. (Upper Cretaceous (Turonian- Maastrichtian) planktonic foraminifera from Wabag area, W Highlands) Page, R.W. (1976)- Geochronology of igneous and metamorphic rocks in the New Guinea Highlands. Bur. Min. Res. Geoph. Bull. 162, 117p. (Mainland PNG Pretertiary igneous intrusive activity only in S part of C Highlands. Kubor Granodiorite Upper Permian/240 Ma (= E-M Triassic?) largest and oldest. Increased mid-Tertiary tectonism suggested by four 2620 Ma metamorphic ages and granitic intrusive in S Sepik. Volcanic and plutonic peak of igneous activity in M Miocene, 15-12 Ma) Page, R.W. (1976)- Geochronology of Late Tertiary and Quaternary mineralized intrusive porphyries in the Star Mountains of Papua New Guinea. Economic Geol. 70, p. 928-936. (Majority of intrusions associated with porphyry copper mineralization between 7 and 1 Ma. Ok Tedi intrusion 2.6 Ma, mineralization 1.1 Ma; Star Mts intrusives 4.6- 3.6 Ma; Antares Monzonite 3.1-2.4 Ma) Page, R.W. & I. McDougall (1970)- Potassium-Argon dating of the Tertiary f1-2 stage in New Guinea and its bearing on the geological time-scale. American J. Sci. 269, p. 321-342. (In N PNG 13-15 Ma old volcanics between Tf1-2 limestones, suggestive of Middle Miocene age) Page, R.W. & I. McDougall (1972)- Ages of mineralization of gold and porphyry copper deposits in the New Guinea highlands (Papua New Guinea). Econ. Geol. 67, p. 1034-1048. Pain, C.F., C.J. Pigram, R.J. Blong & G.O. Arnold (1987)- Cainozoic geology and geomorphology of the Wahgi Valley, Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 10, 3, p. 267-276.


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Palmer, S.M., R. Carter & T. Varney (1992)- Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir prediction for the Toro Formation, Papua New Guinea. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015. (Abstract only) (Toro Fm reservoir sands of PNG foldbelt 6 genetic stratigraphic units, separated by flooding surfaces. Biostratigraphy allows rel. easy correlation of max. flooding surfaces. Sequence boundaries recognized as sharp-based inner shelf/shoreface sands over mid-outer shelf, bioturbated muds/silts. Primary reservoirs in shelf margin systems tracts. Further reservoirs in highstand and transgressive systems tracts) Palmieri, V. (1971)- Occurrence of Danian at Port Moresby. Report Geological Survey Queensland 63, p.. Park, S.C. & J. Mori (2007)- Are asperity patterns persistent? Implication from large earthquakes in Papua New Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 112, B03303, doi:10.1029/2006JB004481. p. Parkin, J.N., S.M.T. Marsh & W.L. Wardlaw (1996)- The integration of exploration techniques in petroleum prospecting. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd Papua New Guinea Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 243-256. Parrot, J. F. & F. Dugas (1980)- The disrupted ophiolitic belt of the southwest Pacific: evidence of an Eocene subduction zone. Tectonophysics 66, 4, p. 349-372. (Papua-New Guinea, Solomon, New Hebrides and New Caledonia ophiolitic massifs formed in Eocene intraoceanic subduction zone in SW Pacific, as suggested by age of ophiolite-related metamorphic soles. When subduction involves continental crust, amphibolites-blueschists form (PNG, New Caledonia). When subduction in intra-oceanic environment (Solomon islands, New Hebrides), only amphibolites and greenschists formed. Ophiolitic belt created by Eocene subduction disrupted by later transcurrent faults, more recent spreading phenomena and two other subductions (Oligocene-Miocene and Recent)) Parsons, G.L. & E.A. Bowen (1986)- The tectonic evolution and petroleum potential of the Papuan Basin, Papua New Guinea. Proc. 6h Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1986, SEAPEX Proc. 7, p. 96-110. Passmore, V.L., P.E. Williamson, A.R.G. Gray & P. Wellman (1993)- The Bamaga basin- a new exploration target. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc 2nd PNG Petroleum Convention. Port Moresby 1993. PNG Chamber of Mines, p. 233-240. Paterson, S.J. & W.J. Perry (1964)- The geology of the upper Sepik- August River, New Guinea. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 11, 2, p. 199-211. (Petroleum Permit 21 area with mountain ranges of metamorphic and igneous rocks. S-trending embayment, blanketed by alluvium and volcanic rocks, with 9,320’ composite Upper Cretaceous- Pliocene sediments) Paul, R.J. & J.E. Bain (1998)- Reducing the risk: integrating gravity, magnetic, and seismic data in Papua New Guinea. The Leading Edge, p. 59-62 + 134. (PPL 123 on Gulf of Papua Central coast. Gravity-magnetics used to support interpretation of poor seismic) Pawih, B. (1989)- The stratigraphy of the Maprik district, Papua New Guinea. Proc. Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia 14, p. 25-33. Pawih, B. (1990)- Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Wewak Trough. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 1st PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 491-497. Pegler, G., S. Das & J.H. Woodhouse (1995)- A seismological study of the eastern New Guinea and western Solomon Sea regions and its tectonic implications. Geophys. J. Int. 122, p. 961-981. Perembo R.C.B. (2000)- Miocene bathyal deposits of foreland megasequence 1 in the Papuan fold belt, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 123-138.


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Perembo, R.C.B., H.L. Davies, E. Neinen & J. Agua (2000)- Port Moresby basement geology; a mid-Cainozoic accretionary prism. In: C.G. Skilbeck & T.C. Hubble (eds.) Understanding Planet Earth; searching for a sustainable future, Abstracts Geol. Soc. Australia 59, p. 386. Phelps, J.C. & C.N. Denison (1993)- Stratigraphic thickness variations and depositional systems of the Ieru Formation, Southern Highlands and Western Provinces, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Second PNG Petrol. Conv., p. 169-189. Pieters, P.E. (1978)- Port Moresby-Kalo-Aroa, Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. Australia and Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea 1: 250,000 geological map series, Explanatory Notes SC/55- 6, 7, 11, p. 1-55. (Port Moresby geologic map, covering much of Owen Stanley Range of E Papuan Peninsula. Oldest rocks Mesozoic NE-dipping rocks of Papuan Ultramafic Belt, juxtaposed with high P Emo 'metamorphic sole'. Metamorphism decreases to SW, grading into Kagi Metamorphics (greenschist facies), then Upper Cretaceous (Kemp Welch Fm)- Lower Eocene (Port Moresby Fm) clastics. In S Sadowa gabbro/basalt/dolerite batholith, emplaced between Late Eocene- M Oligocene. Area not prospective for oil and gas) Pieters, P.E. (1980)- Kikori, Papua New Guinea, 1:250,000 geological map sheet SB/55-13. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geophysics, Canberra, Record 1980/79. Pigott, J.D. (1994)- Irian Jaya- Papua New Guinea hydrocarbon exploration: constraints from regional distribution of geothermal gradients and heat flow. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 75-100. (Present thermal state pervasive NW striking trend paralleling central cordillera with basinal and intra-basinal anomalies. Heat flow averages for Salawati 1.98 ± 0.76 HFU, Bintuni 1.49 ± 0.77 HFU, Papua Basins 1.57 ± 0.49 HFU. Av. geothermal gradients for three basins 3.90 ± 1.48 °C/100m, 3.31 ± 1.51 °C/100m, and 2.61 ± 0.81°C/100m, respectively) Pigott, J.D. & D.G. Neese (1995)- Seismic stratigraphy of the Northern New Guinea Basin: insight into the tectonic evolution of a segmenting basin. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 383-396. (Piore and Sepik Basins in N New Guinea Basin depositionally contiguous during Miocene. Both floored by Paleogene basement assemblage including fragments of volcanic arc and sporadic Bliri Sequence sediments. Overlying Miocene Sepik Sequence shallow marine to pelagic carbonates and axially transported slope systems which thin northward. Late Miocene basin-wide unconformity. Pliocene uplift of Bewani-Torricelli Mts along active N New Guinea Fault System separated two basins, Sepik Basin to S and Piore Basin to N) Pigott, J.D., N.I. Trumbly & M.V. O Neal, (1984)- Northern New Guinea wrench fault system: a manifestation of late Cenozoic interactions between Australian and Pacific plates. In: S.T. Watson (ed.) Trans. Third CircumPacific Energy and Miner. Res. Conf., Honolulu 1982, p. 613-620. Pigram, C.J. (1978)- Geology of the Schrader Range. Geol. Survey of Papua New Guinea, Report 76/4, p. Pigram, C.J., P.J. Davies, D.A. Feary & P.A. Symonds (1989)- Tectonic controls on carbonate platform evolution in southern Papua New Guinea: passive margin to foreland basin. Geology 17, p. 199-202. (M Oligocene collision of N Australian craton margin with complex subduction system creted thrust mass and foreland basin from Coral Sea to Indian Ocean. Carbonate platform facies in SW PNG reflect transition from Eocene passive margin to early foreland basin. Initially, terrigenous sedimentation confined to proximal foredeep, with carbonate deposition adjacent to peripheral forebulge. Subsequent S-ward migration of basin resulted in thick carbonate platform deposition, followed by burial by clastic sediments from emerging orogen after proximal foredeep became filled) Pigram, C.J., H.L. Davies, D.A. Feary, P.A. Symonds & G.C.H. Chaproniere (1990)- Controls on Tertiary carbonate platform evolution in the Papuan Basin: new play concepts. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, First PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 185-195.


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Pigram, C.J. & P.A. Symonds (1993)- Eastern Papuan Basin- a new model for the tectonic development, and implications from petroleum prospectivity. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Second PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 213-231. Pinchin, J., K.F. Fowler & C.S. Bembrick (1986)- Fault structures within the Central Papuan Basinimplications for petroleum exploration. Proc. 6h Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1986, SEAPEX Proc. 7, p. 111-124. (Previously unrecognized Late Cretaceous- Paleocene wrench faulting on Fly Platform, primarily in two NW trending parallel systems, Komewu and Fly. Rejuvenation of faults in Miocene) Plane, M.D. (1967)- Stratigraphy and vertebrate fauna of the Otibanda formation, New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph., Bull. 86, p. 1-64. Playford, G. (1982)- Neogene palynomorphs from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Palynology 6, p. 29-54. (Palynological analysis of outcropping shales from 3 low-grade coal occurrences in Pindiu area, central Huon Peninsula with spores-pollen ranging in age from E Miocene- Pliocene and representing deposits of low diversity tropical freshwater swamp vegetation) Pono, S. (1990)- Seismic images of Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 1st PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 33-49. Powell, T.G. & D.M. McKirdy (1975)- Geologic factors controlling crude oil composition in Australia and Papua, New Guinea. AAPG Bull. 59, p. 1176-1197. Powell, T.G. & D.M. McKirdy (1976)- Geochemical character of crude oils from Australia and Papua New Guinea. In: R.B. Leslie et al. (eds.), Economic Geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea 3. Petroleum, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Parkville, p. 18-29. Powis, G. (1993)- The sequence stratigraphy of the Mesozoic reservoirs of the Gobe Anticline, Papuan thrust belt. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Second PNG Petroleum Conv., p. 155-167. Purcell, P.G. (1990)- Marienberg-1 Sepik Basin. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 1st PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 429-443. Rand, A.L. & L.J. Brass (1940)- Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 29. Summary of the 1936/1937 New Guinea expedition. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 77, 7, p. 341-380. (Report on geographic-biological expedition of Fly River area, PNG. Little or no geology) Renton, J.F.A., J.H.S. Black & A.M. Grainge (1990)- The development of the Hides Gasfield, Papua New Guinea. APEA J. 30, p. 223-237. (Hides 1987 BP/ Oil Search gas discovery in PPL 27 in S Highlands. Hides-1 tested up to 15.9 mmscf/d gas with minor condensate from four intervals in Toro Sst. Gas to be supplied to Porgera goldmine) Richards, J.P. (1990)- Petrology and geochemistry of alkalic intrusives at the Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea: J. Geochem. Expl. 35, p. 141-199. (Porgera Middle-Late Miocene mafic intrusive complex in PNG Highlands consistent with intra-plate, alkaline parental magma, and derivation from enriched garnet lherzolite source in subcontinental lithosphere. Partial melting probably in response to M Miocene uplift of edge of Australian craton during collision with island-arc) Richards, J.P. (1992)- Magmatic-epithermal transitions in alkalic systems: Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea. Geology 20, 6, p. 547-550.


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(Porgera Au-Ag mineralization in two main stages: (1) disseminated auriferous pyrite in phyllic alteration zones and (2) fault-related, quartz-roscoelite-cemented hydrothermal breccias and veins with locally abundant free gold and Au-Ag-tellurides. Associated with Late Miocene (6 Ma) epizonal intrusive complex, emplaced in continental crust immediately prior to E Pliocene continent- island-arc collision) Richards, J.P., B.W. Chappell & M.T. McCulloch (1990)- Intraplate-type magmatism in a continent-island arc collision zone: Porgera intrusive complex, Papua New Guinea. Geology 18, p. 958-961. (Porgera intrusive emplaced in Late Miocene, 6 Ma in Jurassic-Cretaceous shelf-facies sediments near edge of Australasian plate, apparently in backarc environment during subduction of oceanic microplate segment on two sides beneath continental margin and an island arc) Richards, J.P. & R. Kerrick (1993)- The Porgera Gold Mine, Papua New Guinea: magmatic hydrothermal to epithermal evolution of an alkali- type precious metal deposit. Econ. Geol. 88, 5, p. 1017- 1052. Richards, J.P. & I. Ledlie (1993)- Alkalic intrusive rocks associated with the Mount Kare gold deposit, Papua New Guinea; comparison with the Porgera intrusive complex. Econ. Geol. 88, 4, p. 755-781. (Mount Kare gold deposit 18 km SW of giant Porgera minein PNG highlands. Both deposits associated with Late Miocene alkalic intrusives emplaced in Mesozoic-Tertiary shelf sediments near edge of Australasian plate. K-Ar analysis of illite from altered rock records n age of 5.5 Ma, in middle of range of ages from Porgera Au deposit (5.1-6.1 Ma). Similar ore-forming processes at both locations) Richards, J.P., M.T. McCulloch, B.W. Chappell & R. Kerrich (1991)- Sources of metals in the Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea: evidence from alteration, isotope, and noble metal geochemistry. Geochim. Cosmochim. 55, 2, p. 565-580. (Porgera gold deposit associated with Late Miocene mafic alkalic Porgera Intrusive Complex, emplaced within continental crust near Lagaip Fault Zone, which represents Oligocene suture between Australian craton and Sepik Terrane volcano-sedimentary rocks. Magmatism at Porgera probably occurred in response to Late Miocene elimination of oceanic microplate and subsequent Early Pliocene collision between craton margin and arc system on Bismarck Sea plate. Gold mineralization occurred within 1 Ma of time of magmatism) Richards, J.P. & I. McDougall (1990)- Geochronology of the Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea; resolving the effects of excess argon on K Ar and 40Ar/ 39Ar age estimates for magmatism and mineralization. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 5, p. 1397-1415. (Mesothermal/epithermal gold mineralization in Porgera Intrusive Complex and sedimentary host rocks. Conventional K-Ar ages of hornblende from different intrusions between 7-14 Ma, but biotite separates concordant at 6.02 ± 0.29 Ma. Older apparent ages from conventional K-Ar and Ar/Ar analyses explained by excess 40Ar contamination. Late Miocene magmatism and mineralization occurred shortly prior to or during initiation of continent/arc collision and pre-dates Pliocene uplift and foreland deformation) Richarz, P.S.R. (1910)- Der geologische Bau von Kaiser Wilhelms-Land nach dem heutigen Stand unseres Wissens. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal., Beil. Band 29, p. 406-536. (‘The geological framework of Kaiser Wilhelms Land’). Early geological description paper of the then German colony, now northern PNG. Includes description of ‘Upper Cretaceous’ shallow marine mollusk fauna from Torricelli Mts (but associated with Oligo-Miocene Lepidocyclina and andesites)) Rickwood, F.K. (1954)- Geology of the Western highlands of New Guinea. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 2, p. 63-82. (Oldest rocks in W Highlands Omung metamorphics and Kubor-Bismarck granodiorites. Overlain by Permian (= Triassic; HvG) limestone at Kubor anticline, U Jurassic Maril shale with Buchia malayomaorica and Inoceramus haasti and with ?Oxfordian-Kimmeridgean reefal limestone. Cretaceous marine sediments and mid-Cretaceous Kondaku tuff horizon. Eocene-Miocene Chimbu Lst (with Lacazina in Eocene, Nummulites intermedia in Lower Oligocene and zone Te larger forams in Upper Oligocene- basal Miocene), overlain by Miocene Globigerina marls. Sedimentary succession in E thicker than in W. Jurassic seas transgressed from E. W part of region out of range of Cretaceous vulcanism, so pelagic sedimentation continued into E Miocene. M


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Miocene volcanic island arc near Lai Syncline. Main folding at end-Pliocene, followed by erosion and extensive Pleistocene volcanism) Rickwood, F.K. (1968)- The geology of Western Papua. The APEA J. 8, 2, p. 51-61. Rickwood, F.K. (1992)- The Kutubu discovery: Papua New Guinea, its people, the country and the exploration and discovery of oil. Author edition, Sydney, 172 p. Ridd, M.F. (1976)- Papuan Basin- inshore. In: C.L. Knight (ed.) Economic geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea, 3, Petroleum, Austr. Inst. Min. Metall., Mon. 7, p. Ripper, I.D. & K.T. McCue (1983)- The seismic zone of the Papua fold Belt. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 8, p. 147-156. Rock, N.M.S. & E.J. Finlayson (1990)- Petrological affinities of intrusive rocks associated with the giant mesothermal gold deposit at Porgera, Papua New Guinea. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 3, p. 247-258. (Porgera mafic rocks not ordinary tholeiitic or calc-alkaline basalts, andesites, gabbros or diorites, but shoshonitic, more specifically appinitic/lamprophyric, similar to contemporaneous shoshonitic rocks in PNG) Rod, E. (1974)- Geology of Eastern Papua: discussion. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 85, p. 653-658. Rod, E. & J.B. Connelly (1980)- Mode of emplacement of the Papuan ultramafic belt; discussion and reply. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 5, 1, p. 74-76. Rodgers K.A. (1975)- A comparison of the geology of the Papuan and New Caledonian ultramafic belts. J. Geology 83, p. 47-60. Rogerson, R. (1993)- Location, age, characteristics and exploitation potential of Papua New Guinea coal occurrences. In: A.J. Hargraves & C.H. Martin (eds) Australasian coal mining practice, Australasian Inst. Mining .Metallurgy, Melbourne, Monogr. Ser. 12, p. 56-61. Rogerson, R. & G. Francis (1983)- Owen Stanley Metamorphic Complex: type of initial prograde metamorphism. Science in New Guinea 10, p. 60-64. Rogerson, R.J., D.W. Haig & S.T.S. Nion (1981)- Geology of Port Moresby. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Report 1981/16, p. Rogerson, R.J. & D.B. Hilyard (1990)- Scrapland: a suspect composite terrrane in Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 271-282. (Suspect composite terrane outboard of Australian margin in E PNG, including basement blocks of Bena Bena/ Goroka, Kubur, Amanab, etc.) Rogerson, R.J., D.B. Hilyard, E.J. Finlayson, D.J. Holland et al. (1987)- The geology and mineral resources of the Sepik headwaters region, Papua New Guinea. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Mem. 12. 97 p. Rogerson, R., D. Hilyard, G. Francis & E. Finlayson (1987)- The foreland thrust belt of Papua New Guinea. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 87, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Min. Metall., Parkville, p. 579583. (PNG mainland dominated by foreland thrust belt. 'Body' is floored by Paleozoic granites and metamorphics of 'Fly Platform' and is part of Tasman Orogen. 'Tail' is underlain by Papuan Plateau, which rifted from Tasman Orogen during Coral Sea spreading. Thrustibg began in E Miocene and continues today)


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Rogerson, R. & C. McKee (1990)- Geology, volcanism and mineral deposits of Papua New Guinea. In: F.E. Hughes (ed.) Geology of the mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Parkville, Mon. Ser. 14, p. 1689-1701. Rogerson, R. & A. Williamson (1986)- Age, petrology and mineralization associated with two Neogene intrusive types in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 487-502. (Numerous Neogene porphyritic basic-intermediate intrusives outcrop in eastern highlands of PNG between 144°E and 146°E, with radiometric age from 18-7 Ma. Two distinct phases of plutonism: (1) oldest Akuna-type, large complexes; (2) Elandora-type, 9-7 Ma, associated with hydrothermal Cu-Au-Ag mineralization smaller stocks, dykes, etc.). Rogerson, R., A. Williamson & G. Francis (1986)- Recent advances in the knowledge of geology, energy resources and metallogenesis of Papua New Guinea since 1981. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 23-37. Ronacher, E., J.P. Richards & M.D. Johnston (1999)- New mineralisation and alteration styles at the Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea. In: G. Weber (ed.) Proc. PACRIM '99 Congress, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Publ. 4-99, p. 91-94. (Porgera gold mine in PNG highlands producing gold since 1990. Deposit associated with 6 Ma-old mafic alkalic intrusions emplaced at shallow levels into unconsolidated Jurassic- Cretaceous sediments, where they caused formation of peperites) Ronacher, E., J.P. Richards, M.H. Reed, C.J. Bray, E.T.C. Spooner & P.D. Adams (2004)- Characteristics and evolution of the hydrothermal fluid in the North zone high-grade area, Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol. 99, 5, p. 843- 867. Ronacher, E., J.P. Richards, M.E. Villeneuve & M.D. Johnston (2002)- Short life-span of the ore-forming system at the Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea: laser 40Ar/39Ar dates for roscoelite, biotite, and hornblende. Mineral. Deposita 37, p. 75-86. (Porgera gold deposit associated with sodic-alkalic intrusions of alkali basaltic- mugearitic composition, emplaced into Cretaceous mudstones- siltstones in latest Miocene. Magmatic biotite date of 5.99± 0.11 Ma, interpreted as onset of mineralizing activity. Age of main ore deposition event ~5.9 Ma. Ages for intrusive and mineralizing events nearly identical, suggesting magmatic and ore-forming system was short-lived) Rush, P.M. & H.J. Seegers (1990)- Ok Tedi copper-gold deposits. In: F.E. Hughes (ed.) Geology of the mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, Mon. Ser. 14, 2, p. 17471754. Russell, N.J. (1990)- Application of vitrinite reflectivity to paleogeothermometry studies: some examples from Papua New Guinea basins. In: G.J. & Z. Carmen (eds.) Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 403-420. Ruxton, B.P. (1966)- Correlation and stratigraphy of dacitic ash‐fall layers in northeastern Papua. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 13, 1, p. 41-67. (Thick weathered dacitic ash for up to 48 km from Mount Lamington strato-volcano and thins with distance from it. Age of Mount Lamington ~90,000 years) Ryburn, R.J. (1980)- Blueschists and associated rocks in the south Sepik region, Papua New Guinea; field relations, petrology, mineralogy, metamorphism and tectonic setting. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. of Auckland, p. (Blueschists in S Sepik formed in N-dipping subduction zone, beneath Paleogene arc system accreted along N coast of New Guinea. Blueschists in allochthonous Tau body E-W lens (55 x 8 km) and smaller allochthons E of Tau. Blueschists in late-Mesozoic- Eocene Salumei Fm (mostly pelitic sediments derived from S) and in ophiolite fragments and other volcanogenic rocks, related to arc to N. Salumei Fm near Tau metamorphosed


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from prehnite-pumpellyite to low-greenschist grade during Oligocene- E Miocene metamorphism. Blueschists mostly mafic schists with blue amphibole. Metamorphic grade increases to N. Isolated mafic tectonic blocks in and N of Tau body include high-grade blueschist, eclogite and amphibolite, all metamorphosed mafic ophiolite. Metamorphic conditions require blueschists and eclogites formed in subduction system. Active and rapid transport is needed to bring these rocks back to shallow levels, and term "retrojection" is coined) Sandy, M.J., A.C.M. Laing & C. Warrillow (1986)- Petroleum potential of the northwest Fly Platform, Papua New Guinea. Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea, Report 86/15, p. 1-19. Sarg J. F., L.J. Weber, J.R. Markello, J.K. Southwell, J.M. Thomson et al. (1996)- Carbonate sequence stratigraphy; a summary and perspective with case history, Neogene, Papua New Guinea. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence stratigraphy in SE Asia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta 1995, p. 137-179. (Carbonate sequence stratigraphy basics,with data on gas-bearing Gulf of Papua Miocene reefs (Pasca, Pandora). Initial foreland basin subsidence in latest Oligocene- earliest Miocene leads to start of carbonate platform growth. SB at 21 Ma (=Bur1?) extensive subaerial exposure. Sequence 13.8 Ma major platform outbuilding, 10.5 Ma exposure surface. Thrust loading from N initiated peripheral forebulge by middle of M Miocene, with regional uplift and exposure of carbonates area. Platform highs subaerially exposed in Latest Miocene and onlapped by 5.5 Ma first siliciclastics from uplifted Papuan fold and thrust belt to N and NE. Renewed thrust sheet emplacement in latest Miocene-Pliocene drowned remaining platforms. Hydrocarbon columns relatively small, probably due to poor seal) Sari, J. (1988)- Aspects of stratigraphy, sedimentology and petroleum geology of the Toro Sandstone Formation. Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Report, 88/3, p. Sari, J. (1990)- Revised stratigraphic definition of the Toro Formation: a proposal. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 159-168. Sari, J., R. Failing & K. Wulff (1996)- The Giero Sandstone: a potentially new play in the Papuan Basin. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv. Port Moresby, p. 301-312. (Cenomanian deep water sandstone in parts of Papuan Basin foldbelt) Schluter, H. (1928)- Jurafossilien vom oberen Sepik auf Neu-Guinea. Nova Guinea 6, 3, p. 53-62. (‘Jurassic fossils from the Upper Sepik, New Guinea’. Collected in 1910 by 'border commission') Schmidt, P.W., D.A. Clark & K.J. Logan (1997)- Palaeomagnetism, magnetic petrophysics and magnetic signature of the Porgera intrusive complex, Papua New Guinea. Exploration Geoph. 28, 2, p. 276-280. (Hornblende diorite and hornblende diorite porphyry most magnetic rock types in Porgera Complex. Both normal and reverse polarity preserved in Complex. Primary magnetisation carried by (titano)magnetite. Primary remanence directions demonstrate tilting of intrusions since emplacement (up to 50°- 60°). Tectonic rotations response to thin-skinned tectonic processes which accompanied rapid uplift of Complex) Schofield, S. (2000)- The Bosavi Arch and the Komewu Fault zone: their control on basin architecture and the prospectivity of the Papuan foreland. In: P.G. Buchanan, A.M. Grainge & R.C.N. Thornton (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 101-122. Schubert, R.J. (1910)- Uber das Vorkommen von Miogypsina und Lepidocyclina in pliocanenen Globigerinengesteinen des Bismarckarchipels. Abhandl. Kon. Kais. Geol. Reichsanst., Wien, 1910, p. 395-398. (‘On the occurrence of Miogypsina and Lepidocyclina in Pliocene marls from the Bismarck Archipelago'. New species of Miogypsina M. Epigona and M. Laganiensis. These larger forams rather suggest E-M Miocene age; HvG


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Schubert, R.J. (1911)- Die fossilen Foraminiferen des Bismarckarchipels und einiger angrenzender Inseln. Abhandl. Kon. Kais. Geol. Reichsanst., Wien, 20, 4, p. 1-130. (‘Fossil foraminifera from the Bismarck Archipelago and some adjacent islands’ Oligocene- M Miocene limestones with larger foraminifera (incl. Flosculinella n.gen. and Lepidocyclina) and Late Miocene- Pliocene Globigerina-rich pelagic sediments) Schultze, L. (1914)- Forschungen im Inneren der Insel Neuguinea (Bericht des Fuhrers uber die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der deutschen Grenzexpedition in das westliche Kaiser-Wilhelmsland 1910). Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Erganzungsheft 11, S. Mittler, Berlin, p. 1-99. (Results of 1910-1911 German-Dutch expedition along border of Dutch and German sectors of New Guinea. Reached 141° meridian in Central Range from Sepik River. Incl. report of Nummulites Limestone boulder) Seno, T. (1984)- Was there a North New Guinea Plate? In: Y. Shimazaki (ed.) Proc. Int. Centennial symposium of the Geological Survey of Japan, Chishitsu Chosajo Hokoku (Report Geol. Survey of Japan) 263, p. 29-42. Septama, E. & S.J. Bentley (2010)- Late Quaternary deepwater fan depositional cycles in the Gulf of Papua: linking sources, dynamic sedimentation processes, and depositional architecture. AAPG Ann. Conv. Exh., New Orleans 2010, Search and Discovery Article #50283, 31p. (Extended Abstract) (Seismic and piston core study of Late Quaternary deepwater channel-fan system in Gulf of Papua, focused on Pandora and Moresby Troughs) Septama, E., S.J. Bentley & M. Shaffer (2011)- Source-to-sink sediment delivery in the Gulf of Papua from SEM-MLA-aided provenance and textural analysis of turbidite sands. AAPG Ann. Conv., Houston 2011, Search and Discovery Article #30181, p. (Extended Abstract) (Provenance study of Pleistocene-Holocene deepwater sands in Gulf of Papua shows three major pathways: (1) long-distance NW-SE sediment transport of quartzo-feldspathic sand from the Papuan Mainland; (2) shortdistance transport of felsic-mafic volcanic sand from collision margin of Papuan Peninsula; (3) intermediatedistance delivery from Fly-Strickland and Papuan Peninsula along coastal pathways toe Moresby Trough) Silver, E.A., L.D. Abbott, K.S. Kirchoff-Sten, D.L. Reed et al. (1991)- Collision propagation in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Sea. Tectonics 10, p. 863-874. (Finisterre Terrane accreting onto NE margin of PNG, with collision point migrating E within Solomon Sea. Rate of progression of collision ~212 km/ My in last My)) Simmons, M.D. & M.J. Johnston (1991)- Permocalculus iagifuensis sp.nov.; a new Miocene gymnocodiacean alga from Papua New Guinea. J. Micropalaeontology 9, 2, p. 239-244. (New species of gymnocodiacean alga from Miocene Darai Limestone Fm of PNG. Previously only recorded from Permian and Cretaceous. Associated microfauna and other microflora described) Simmons, S.F. & K.L. Brown (2006)- Gold in magmatic hydrothermal solutions and the rapid formation of a giant ore deposit. Science 314, 5797, p. 288- 291. (Ladolam on Lihir Island, PNG, hosts one of youngest and largest gold deposits in world. Deep brine of magmatic origin contains 15 parts per billion gold. Combination of sustained metal flux and efficient metal precipitation led to formation of a giant hydrothermal gold deposit in short period) Skwarko, S.K. (1967)- Mesozoic Mollusca from Australia and New Guinea, 2, Mesozoic fossils from eastern New Guinea; (a) First Upper Triassic and ?lower Jurassic marine Mollusca from New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph., Australia, Bull. 75, p. 40-82. (Jimi River, Bismarck Mts, Central Highlands, PNG, Five sedimentary units, 21 genera and species, half of them new. Highly provincial Late Triassic mollusks in thick Jimi Greywacke series. Overlain by Upper Triassic Kana Fm acid volcanoclastics, probably Lower Jurassic Balimbu greywacke, ?M Jurassic Mongum volcanics and Upper Jurassic Maril shale with Malayomaorica and Inoceramus haasti)


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Skwarko, S.K. (1967)- Mesozoic Mollusca from Australia and New Guinea, 2, Mesozoic fossils from eastern New Guinea; (b) Lower Cretaceous Mollusca from the Sampa beds near Wau. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph., Australia, Bull. 75, p. 85-98. (Eleven mollusk species from Lower Cretaceous Sampa beds of Lake Trist area, PNG) Skwarko, S.K. (1973)- Middle and Upper Triassic mollusca from Yuat River, Eastern New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Australia 126, p. 27-50. (Campbell & Grant-Mackie 2000: Yuat River gorge in PNG W Highlands exposes Yuat Fm argillites with rich Late Anisian ammonites, incl. Paraceratites cf. trinodosus, Ptychites, Beyrichites, Parapopanoceras, etc. Nearby Jimi River Ladinian- Carnian sandstones-shales with halobiid bivalves) Skwarko, S.K. (1973)- On the discovery of Halobiidae (Bivalvia, Triassic) in New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. 126, p. 51-54. Skwarko, S.K. (1973)- First report of Domerian (Lower Jurassic) marine mollusca from New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. 140, p. 105-112. (South Sepik region Yuat River occurrence of marine Pliensbachian in 'Balimbu Greywacke/ Kana Fm', with Arieticeras ammonite and some bivalves) Skwarko, S.K. (1983)- Somareoides hastatus (Skwarko) a new Late Triassic bivalve from Papua New Guinea. Palaeontological Papers 1983, Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph., Bull. 217, p. 67-72. (On systematic position of new Upper Triassic bivalve from Jimi Greywacke, central PNG, first described by Skwarko 1967) Skwarko, S.K. & B. Kummel (1974)- Marine Triassic molluscs from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Bull. 150, p. 111-127. (Jimi River sandstones and shales with Ladinian-Carnian halobiids and Carnian-Norian ammonites) Skwarko, S.K., R.S. Nicoll & K.S.W. Campbell (1976)- The Late Triassic molluscs, conodonts and brachiopods of the Kuta Formation, Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. J. Australian Geol. Geophys. 1, p. 219-230. (30-250m thick Kuta Limestone with Rhaetian brachiopods, cephalopods (Arcestes), bivalves and conodonts (Misikella) E of Mt Hagen. Kuta Fm grades laterally into calcareous breccia with metamorphic rocks. Limestone unconformably overlain by Upper Jurassic or Cretaceous) Slater, A., H.R. Balkwill & G.U. Fong (1988)- Seismic evidence for structural style in the offshore Kerema area Papua New Guinea: application to petroleum exploration. Proc. 7th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1988, SEAPEX Proc. 8, p. 69-78. (Marine seismic data off Kerema gives rel. good imaging of PNG foldbelt. Shows common S-dipping backthrusts, frontal folds detached in Mesozoic shales, episodic SW-ward progression of foldbelt compression with younger stratigraphic sequences less tightly folded, etc.) Slater, A. & F. Dekker (1993)- An overview of the petroleum geology of the Eastern Papuan fold belt, based on recent exploration. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 499-516. (On- and offshore Aure Trough abundance of oil and gas seeps onshore suggest prolific hydrocarbon system) Smith, I.E.M. (1970)- Late Cainozoic uplift and geomorphology in south-eastern Papua. Search 1, p. 222-225. Smith, I.E.M. (1972)- High-potassium intrusives from southeastern Papua. Contr. Min. Petrol. 34, p. 167-176. Smith, I.E.M. (1982)- Volcanic evolution in Eastern Papua. Tectonophysics 87, p. 315-333. (Basement formations of U Cretaceous and Eocene submarine basalt comparable to sea floor spreading centers and thought to be associated with Coral Sea basin spreading. Arc-trench type andesitic volcanism prominent during Late Cenozoic but no clear relationship to subduction event. Tectonic environment of E Papua during


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Late Cenozoic was one of block faulting and uplift associated with crustal tension. Quaternary peralkaline rhyolites suggests this environment now being replaced by active rifting) Smith, I.E.M. & D.S. Clarke (1982)- Intrusive rocks associated with gold mineralisation in southeastern Papua New Guinea. In: R. Rogerson (ed.) Proc. PNG geology, exploration and mining conference, 1991, Australasian Inst. Min. and Metall., Parkville, p. 34-39. Smith, I.E. & H.L. Davies (1973)- Samarai, Papua New Guinea, Sheet SC/56-9, 1:250,000. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geophys. Australia and Geol. Survey Papua New Guinea, Geological Series, Explanatory Notes, p. Smith, I.E. & H.L. Davies (1976)- Geology of the southeastern Papuan mainland. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geophys. Australia, Bull. 165, p. 1-109. (Geology of area of Papuan Peninsula/ Owen Stanley Range. E of 148d 30’. Mostly U Cretaceous and M Eocene submarine basalts, with minor limestone and chert (incl. Upper Cretaceous and Eocene pelagic rocks with good planktonics and skeletal Eocene carbonates with Discocyclina, Nummulites). Also localized E-M Miocene reefal carbonates on Kutu Volcanics, commonly with reworked Eocene LBF. Some basalt metamorphosed to low greenschist facies. In NW peridotites of Papuan ultramafic belt are faulted against basalt, probably Eocene thrusting. Emergence of SE Papua started in Oligocene) Smith, J.W. & D.H. Green (1961)- The geology of the Musa River areas, Papua. Bur. Mineral Res. Australia, Rept. 52, p. (Occurrence of glaucophane bearing metamorphics at Wowo Cap, E Papua) Smith, I.E.M. & R.W. Johnson (1981)- Contrasting rhyolite suites in the Late Cenozoic of Papua New Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 11, p. 10257-10272. (Discussion of rhyolites from New Britain, N Bismarck Sea, Moresby Strait, Dawson Strait) Smith, I.E. & J.S. Milsom (1984)- Late Cenozoic volcanism and extension in Eastern Papua. In: B.P. Kokelaar & M.F. Howells (eds.) Marginal basin geology, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 16, p. 163-171. (Sea floor around E PNG deep basins and submarine ridges with islands of metamorphic, volcanic or coralline rock. Extension phases since at least Paleocene, when Coral Sea basin formed. Compressive events include emplacement of Papuan Ultramafic Belt ophiolite in Oligocene. Extension-related volcanic rocks include low-K tholeiites and peralkaline rhyolite. Two Neogene phases of extension (1) M- Late Miocene, with formation of marginal basins related to subduction and (2) M Pliocene- today, response to changes in relative motions of surrounding plates. Active sea-floor spreading in Woodlark Basin today, and post-Miocene calc-alkaline and shoshonitic rocks of Papuan Peninsula and offshore islands reflect reactivation of subduction-modified mantle under this tensional regime, not renewed subduction) Smith, J.G. (1965)- Orogenesis in western Papua and New Guinea. Tectonophysics 2, p. 1-27. (Pre-plate tectonic interpretaiion of orogenesis of W Papua and New Guinea, which commenced in Upper Miocene and reached culmination in Pliocene and Pleistocene) Smith, J.W. & D.H. Green (1961)- Geology of the Musa River area, Papua, Bur. Min. Res.Australia, Rept. 52, p. 1-41. Smith, R.I. (1990)- Tertiary plate tectonic setting and evolution of Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. First PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 229-244. Snodin, S.R., D.J. Holland, J.M. James & D. Vukovic (2000)- Generation of a photogeological synthesis map of PPL 208, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 293-305.


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Spencer, J.E. (2010)- Structural analysis of three extensional detachment faults with data from the 2000 SpaceShuttle Radar Topography Mission. GSA Today 20, 8, p. 4- 10. (Examples of large grooved surfaces on Space Shuttle Radar Topography images interpreted as exhumed footwalls of recently active extensional detachment faults, incl. Dayman Dome on Owen Stanley Peninsula) Stanaway, R. (2008)- PNG on the move- GPS Monitoring of plate tectonics and earthquakes. In: The Surveyor in the Dynamic Technological World, 42nd Congr. Assoc. Surveyors PNG, Port Moresby 2008, 7p. (Brief overview of GPS motions PNG; online at: http://www.quickclose.com.au/stanaway_tectonics2png08.pdf) Stanley, E.R. (1926)- The structure of New Guinea. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, 1, p. 764772. Stanley, E.R. (1926)- Volcanic action in New Guinea. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, 1, p. 830-833. Stanley, E.R. (1926)- The Tertiary formations of New Guinea. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, 1, p. 970-973. Stanley, E.R. (1926)- Oil provinces in New Guinea. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, 2, p. 1248-1251. Stead, D. (1990)- Engineering geology in Papua New Guinea: a review. Engineering Geol. 29, 1, p. 1-29. Stevens, C., R. McCaffrey, E. Silver, Z. Zombo, P. English & J. van der Kevie (1998)- Mid-crustal detachment and ramp faulting in the Markham Valley, Papua New Guinea. Geology 26, p. 847-850. (Earthquakes and geodetic evidence reveal presence of low-angle, mid-crustal detachment fault beneath Finisterre Range that connects to steep ramp surfacing near the Ramu-Markham Valley) Stewart, W.D. & E.F. Durkee (1985)- Petroleum potential of the Papuan Basin. Oil Gas J. 83, 13, p. 151-160. Stewart, W.D., G. Francis, & D.H. Deibert (1986)- Cape Vogel Basin hydrocarbon potential. Oil Gas J, Nov. 17, p. 67-71. Stewart, W.D., G. Francis & S.L. Pederson (1987)- Hydrocarbon potential of Papua New Guinea's Bougainville, Southeastern New Ireland basins. Oil Gas J. 85, 47, p. 83-87. Stewart, W.D. & M.J. Sandy (1988)- Geology of New Ireland and Djaul Islands, Northeastern Papua New Guinea. In: N.S. Marlow et al. (eds.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Islands arcs-New Ireland and Manus region, Papua New Guinea, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res. Earth Sci. Ser. 9, p. 13-30. St. John, V.P. (1967)- The gravity field in New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Tasmania, Hobart, 200p. (Unpublished) St. John, V.P. (1970)- The gravity field and structure of Papua and New Guinea. APEA J. 10, 2, p. 41-55. St. John, V.P. (1990)- Regional gravity and the structure of the Eastern Papuan Fold Belt. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, Proc. First PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 311-318. Stracke, A. & E. Hegner (1998)- Rifting-related volcanism in an oceanic post-collisional setting: the TabarLihir-Tanga-Feni (TLTF) island chain, Papua New Guinea. Lithos 45, p. 545-560. (Geochemistry of volcanic rocks from Tabar-Lihir-Tanga-Feni volcanic island chain in zone of lithospheric extension superimposed on post-collisonal tectonic setting along Pacific and Indo-Australian plates NE of PNG. Alkalic affinity, with trachybasalts as predominant rock type. Chemical composition of igneous rocks from post-collisional tectonic settings strongly influenced by previous plate tectonics)


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Struckmeyer, H.I.M. (1990)- Papuan Basin data compilation: Mesozoic to Cainozoic stratigraphic summary colums and data maps. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. & Geoph., Australia, Record 1990/67 (Palaeogeography 23), 115 p. Struckmeyer, H.I.M. (1991)- Papua New Guinea data compilation: stratigraphic summary colums and data maps for the Papua New Guinea Orogen and Neogene basins. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. & Geoph., Australia, Record 1991/105 (Palaeogeography 37), 45 p. + encl. Struckmeyer, H.I.M. & M. Yeung (1991)- Mesozoic to Cainozoic palaeogeographic maps from the eastern New Guinea region. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. & Geoph., Australia, Record 1991/113 (Palaeogeography 38), 81 p. (online at http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA14222.pdf) (Triassic- Quaternary paleogeographic/ plate reconstructions maps for E New Guinea. Showing Birds Head and East Indonesian terranes like Seram, Misool, Sula, Buton, attached to East New Guinea in Triassic time) Surka, E. (1993)- The South East Gobe oilfield: technical aspects of a significant discovery in Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.), Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 431-444. Symonds, P.A., J. Fritsch & H.U. Schluter (1984)- Continental margin around the western Coral Sea Basin: structural elements, seismic sequences and petroleum geological aspects. In: S.T. Watson (ed.) Trans. Third Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conf., Hawaii. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., p. 243-252. Symonds, P.A., P.J. Davies, C.J. Pigram, D.A. Feary & G.C.H. Chaproniere (1990)- Northeast Australia Torres Shelf- Pandora Trough. Bur. Mineral Res. Geol. Geoph., Australia, Canberra, Continental Margins Program Folio 4, p. Tallis, N.C. (1975)- Development of the Tertiary offshore Papuan basin. Australian Petrol. Expl. Assoc. (APEA) J. 15, 1, p. 55-60. Tanner, J.J. (1972)- The ancestral Great Barrier Reef in the Gulf of Papua. In: Proc. Fourth Symp. Development of petroleum resources of Asia and the Far East, UN ECAFE Min. Res. Dev. Ser. 41, 1, p. 283-287. Taylor, B., A. Goodliffe, F. Martinez & R. Hey (1995)- Continental rifting and initial seafloor spreading in the Woodlark Basin. Nature 374, p. 534-537. Taylor, B., A.M. Goodliffe & F. Martinez (1999)- How continents break up: insights from Papua New Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 104, B4, p. 7497-7512. (Woodlark Basin in W Pacific present-day system of active continental rifting evolving to seafloor spreading. Rifting started at ~6 Ma) Taylor, B. & P. Huchon (2002)- Active continental extension in the Western Woodlark Basin, PNG: a synthesis of leg 180 results. In: P. Huchon et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 180, p. 1-36. (Upper crust of onshore and offshore Papuan region composed of variety of basement types (dominantly midocean-ridge basalts but also island arc rocks) and ages (Late Maastrichtian, Paleocene, M Eocene). E Miocene- Holocene arc magmatism related to S-ward subduction at Trobriand Trough. Regional unconformity at 8.4 Ma marks onset of rifting) Taylor, G.A.M. (1969)- Post-Miocene volcanoes in Papua New Guinea. Geol. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 205-208. Taylor, L. & D.A. Falvey (1977)- Queensland Plateau and Coral Sea basin: stratigraphy, structure and tectonics. The APEA J. 17, p. 13-29.


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Tcherepanov, E.N., A.W. Droxler, P. Lapointe, G.R. Dickens, S.J. Bentley, L. Beaufort et al. (2008)- Neogene evolution of the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system in the Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 113, F01S21, doi:10.1029/2006JF000684, 15p. (Cenozoic mixed system in Gulf of Papua four phases: (1) Late Cretaceous-Paleocene: rift grabens and uplifted structural blocks which served later as pedestals for carbonate edifices (2) Eocene-M Miocene neritic carbonates, controlled mostly by eustatic fluctuations; (3) Late Miocene- E Pliocene: extensive demise of carbonate platforms in central part of study area; (4) Late Pliocene-Holocene: siliciclastics-dominated, resulting in burial of drowned and active carbonate platforms, although some platforms still alive today) Tcherepanov, E.N., A.W. Droxler, P. Lapointe, K. Mohn & O.A. Larsen (2010)- Siliciclastic influx and burial of the Cenozoic carbonate system in the Gulf of Papua. Marine Petrol. Geol. 27, 2, p. 533-554. (Extensive Late Oligocene- M Miocene carbonate system in Gulf of Papua buried by huge influx of siliciclastics from PNG. Major episodes of siliciclastic influx in carbonate system related to tectonic activity in fold- thrust belt during Oligocene Peninsular Orogeny, Late Miocene Central Range Orogeny and Late Pliocene renewed uplift and exhumation of peninsular region. Beautiful seismic examples) Thompson, J.E. (1967)- A geological history of eastern New Guinea. Austr. Petrol. Expl. Assoc. (APEA) J. 7, 2, p. 83-93. (SE PNG continental area, while NE PNG underlain by oceanic basement with floating islands of detached continental crust. SE emergent between Permian- E Jurassic, inundated in Jurassic-Cretaceous, and exposed again in Late Cretaceous-Oligocene. NE was site of submarine volcanism from Late Triassic onward. In Miocene, seas covered SE, while islands emerged in NE. More land area exposed from Pliocene onward) Thompson, J.E. (1967)- Sedimentary basins in the Tertiary of Papua and New Guinea, and the occurrence of hydrocarbons. United Nations ECAFE Mineral Res. Dev. Ser. 26, 1, p. . Thompson, J.E. (1972)- Continental drift and the geological history of Papua New Guinea. Austr. Petrol. Expl. Assoc. J. 12, 2, p. 64-69. Thompson, J.E. & N.H. Fischer (1967)- Mineral deposits of New Guinea and Papua and their tectonic setting. In: Proc. 8th Commonwealth Mining and Metallurgical Congr. 6, Inst. Min. Metall., Austr.-N.Z., p. 115-148. Thornton, R.C.N., J.K. Emmett, J.A. Lyslo & R.R. Gottschalk (1996)- Integrated structural and stratigraphic analysis in PPL 175, Papuan fold belt, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Third PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 195-215. Titley, S.R., A.W. Fleming & T.I. Neale (1978)- Tectonic evolution of the porphyry copper system at Yandera, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol. 73, p. 810-828. Trail, D.S. (1967)- Geology of the Woodlark Island. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Bull. 115, p. 1-33. Tregoning, P., J.J. Jackson, H. McQueen, K. Lambeck, C. Stevens, R.P. Little et al. (1999)- Motion of the South Bismarck plate, Papua New Guinea. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 23, p. 3517-3520. (Early GPS results S Bismarck Plate) Tregoning, P., K. Lambeck, A. Stolz, P. Morgan, S.C. McClusky, P. van der Beek et al. (1998)- Estimation of current plate motions in Papua New Guinea from Global Positioning System observations. J. Geoph. Res. 103, B6, p. 12181-12203. (online at: http://rses.anu.edu.au/geodynamics/gps/papers/png_jgr.pdf) (On PNG tectonic plates and relative motions from 20 station GPS network) Tregoning, P. & H. McQueen (2001)- Resolving slip-vector azimuths and plate motion along the southern boundary of the South Bismarck Plate, Papua New Guinea. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 48, 5, p. 745-750.


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Tregoning, P., H. McQueen, K. Lambeck, R. Jackson, R. Little, S. Saunders & R. Rosa (2000)- Present-day crustal motion in Papua New Guinea. Earth Planets Space 52, p. 727-730. (online at: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/5210/52100727.pdf) (PNG one of most active tectonic regions in world, comprising several microplates and deforming zones in Australian- Pacific Plates collision zone. New data from North New Guinea, and strain accumulation region between the S Bismarck and Pacific Plates in New Ireland/New Britain region) Valenti, G.L. (1993)- P’nyang Field: discovery and geology of a gas giant in the western Papuan Fold Belt, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. In: G.J & Z. Carman (eds.) Proc. 2nd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 413-430. (Large gas field at SW flank of Muller anticline; basement-involved structure, reservoirs Late Jurassic Tithonian P’nyang and Digimu Fms) and basal Cretaceous (Berriasian Toro Fm) Valenti G.L. & G. Francis (1996)- Darai Limestone formation of the western Papuan Basin, Papua New Guinea: well strontium profiles, wireline logs/strontium ratio correlations and a chronostratigraphic reference section. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. Third PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 357-368. (Top Te calibrated to ~22 Ma?/ near top N4 In Juha 1) Van Dongen, M, A.G. Tomkins & R.F. Weinberg (2007)- Trace element remobilization at the Ok Tedi porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Papua New Guinea. In: C.J. Andrew et al (eds.) Proc. 9th Biennial SGA Mtg, Dublin 2007, p. 427-430. (Geochemistry of Ok Tedi porphyry copper-gold deposit and nearby Mount Ian Complex) Van Dongen, M, R.F. Weinberg, A.G. Tomkins & R.A. Armstrong (2008)- Timescale of forming a giant porphyry copper-gold deposit- Ok Tedi, Papua New Guinea. PACRIM Congress 2008, 4p. (U-Pb dating of zircon at giant Ok Tedi porphyry copper-gold deposit show maximum age of intrusions that host mineralisation is 1.43 ± 0.2 Ma. Previous K-Ar dates constrained last thermal event at 1.11 Ma) Van Dongen, M., R.F. Weinberg, A.G. Tomkins, R.A. Armstrong & J.D. Woodhead (2010)- Recycling of Proterozoic crust in Pleistocene juvenile magma and rapid formation of the Ok Tedi porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Papua New Guinea. Lithos 114, p.282-292. (Zircon from monzonite with U-Pb crystallisation ages of 1.16 Ma, making Ok Tedi youngest known giant porphyry copper-gold deposit. Mineralisation lasted <~0.5 Myr. Pleistocene zircons with inherited Proterozoic component of ~1.8 Ga (1.7-2.1 Ga). Cores with crustal oxygen isotopic signature, suggesting assimilation of Proterozoic continental crust by mantle-derived magma, similar to Pliocene Porgera Au deposit. Proterozoic ages compare to felsic magmatic rocks on mainland N Australia) Van Oyen, F.H. (1972)- Trough evidence along the southern foothills of the Prince Alexander Mountains (Sepik area of New Guinea). Austral. Petrol. Expl. Assoc. J. 12, 2, p. 74-78. Van Wyck N. & I.S. Williams (2002)- Age and provenance of basement metasediments from the Kubor and Bena Bena blocks, central Highlands, Papua New Guinea: constraints on the tectonic evolution of the northern Australian cratonic margin. Australian J. Earth Sci. 49, p. 565-577. (Metamorphics in Kubor/ Bena Bena blocks in PNG Central Highlands with old detrital zircons, suggesting N Australian provenance. Ages of ~1.8 Ga (10%), ~1.55 Ga (10%), 470-440 Ma (Late Ordovician; 15%), ~340 Ma (E Carboniferous; 10%) and 290-260 Ma (Permian; 40%) match zircons from Coen Inlier, NE Queensland, but contrast with ages from terranes further S, E and W. Omong Metamorphics protolith probably deposited in M-L Permian, deformed in Late Permian- E Triassic, intruded by Kubor Intrusive Complex at ~245, 239 Ma) Varney, T.D. & A.C. Brayshaw (1993)- A revised sequence stratigraphic and depositional model for the Toro and Imburu Formations, with applications for reservoir distribution and prediction. In: G.J. & Z.Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 2nd PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby, p. 139-154.


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Vedder, J.G. & T.R. Bruns (eds.) (1989)- Geology and offshore resources of Pacific island arcs; Solomon Islands and Bougainville, Papua New Guinea regions. Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Sci. Ser.12, 329 p. Vedder, J.G., T.R. Bruns & A.K. Cooper (1989)- Geologic framework of Queen Emma Basin, eastern Papua New Guinea. In: J.G. Vedder & T.R. Bruns (ed.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Island arcs; Solomon Islands and Bougainville, Papua New Guinea regions, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Sci. Ser.12, p. 59-86. Volk, H., S.C. George, H. Middleton & S. Schofield (2005)- Geochemical comparison of fluid inclusion and present-day oil accumulations in the Papuan Foreland- evidence for previously unrecognised petroleum source rocks. Organic Geochem. 36, 1, p. 29-51. (Suggest Cretaceous- Tertiary source rocks from Bosavi Arch fluid inclusion oils. Not clear how these ended up in Jurassic and E Cretaceous Toro reservoirs) Von der Borch, C.C. (1972)- Marine geology of the Huon Gulf region, Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 127, p. Wade, A. (1914)- Report on petroleum in Papua. Government of the Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne, p. 1-45. (Includes evidence of oil along coastal belt 8-12 miles wide between Purari River Delta and Yule Island) Wade, A. (1927)- The search for oil in New Guinea. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 11, 2, p. 157-176. (Early overview of geography, geology, oil seeps and oil exploration activity in W and E New Guinea, where at that time no commercial production had yet been established. First well drilled in PNG side in 1915) Wallace, L.M. (2002)- Tectonics and arc-continent collision in Papua New Guinea; insights from geodetic, geophysical, and geologic data. Doct. Thesis University of California Santa Cruz., 244 p. Wallace, L.M., C. Stevens, E. Silver, R. McCaffrey, R. Stanaway, W. Loratung, S. Hasiata et al. (2004)- GPS and seismological constraints on active tectonics and arc-continent collision in Papua New Guinea: implications for mechanics of microplate rotations in a plate boundary zone. J. Geophys. Res. 109, B05404, 16 p. (New Guinea complex array of microplates between Pacific- Australian plates, converging obliquely at ~110 mm/yr. Velocities from 38 GPS sites in PNG explained by six tectonic blocks: Australian, Pacific, S Bismarck, N Bismarck, Woodlark and New Guinea Highlands. Highlands and Woodlark Plates rotate anticlockwise relative to Australia, consistent with left-lateral shear between Australian- Pacific Plates. Birds Head Block in W New Guinea also rotates CCW. Portions of Ramu-Markham Fault appear locked. Clockwise rotation of S Bismarck plate controlled by edge forces initiated by Finisterre arc- New Guinea Highlands collision) Wang, Z. & C.A. Stein (1992)- Subsidence of the Gulf of Papua in the Cenozoic. Tectonophysics 205, p. 409426. (Two subsidence episodes W Gulf of Papua (1) early Cenozoic-Oligocene, minor stretching with opening of Coral Sea; (2) E Miocene- Present higher subsidence rate which cannot be explained by Paleocene rifting. Late Oligocene- Late Miocene episode of rapid subsidence in Aure Trough to E affects subsidence of W Gulf of Papua. Computed expected deflection from flexure due to load of Aure Trough strata similar to that observed. Model used had effective elastic thickness of rifted continental margins, implying relatively weak lithosphere. Predicted position of forebulge in western Gulf where Oligocene strata absent, suggesting post-depositional uplift , facilitating growth of E Miocene reefs) Waples, D.W. & K.J. Wulff (1996)- Genetic classification and exploration significance of oils and seeps of the Papuan Basin. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration and production in Papua New Guinea. Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 417-430. (137 samples classified into 5 families from different Mesozoic- Tertiary sources)


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Warren, R.G. (1972)- A commentary on the metallogenic map of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Australian Govt. Publ. Service, 85p. Waterhouse, H.K. (1996)- Potential of palynostratigraphy for Neogene basin analysis in Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 329-343. Waterhouse, H.K. (1998)- Palynological fluorescence in hinterland reconstruction of a cyclic shallowing-up sequence, Pliocene, Papua New Guinea. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 139, 1-2, p. 59-82. (Variations in fluorescence characteristics of contemporaneous and reworked palynological particles in cyclic shallowing-upward sequence of Lower Pliocene Orubadi Fm in Puri Anticline of Papuan Foreland Basin provides information about events in New Guinea Fold and Thrust Belt) Watmuff, G. (1978)- Geology and alteration-mineralization zoning in the central portion of the Yandera porphyry copper prospect, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol. 73, 829-856. Webb, P.K. & P. Woyengu (1999)- The internal fold and thrust belt play, Papua New Guinea. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 213-224 (Brief overview of 600 km long x 230 km wide PNG foldbelt. Three segments, two trending NNW, middle one NW. Folding, thrusting, and uplift since Late Miocene) Webster, J.M., J.C. Braga, D.A. Clague, C. Gallup, J.R. Hein, D.C. Potts, W. Renema et al. (2009)- Coral reef evolution on rapidly subsiding margins. Global Planet. Change 66, p. 129-148. (Series of submerged coral reefs in Huon Gulf (PNG) and around Hawaii. Rapid subsidence (2-6 m/ka over last 500 ka), combined with eustatic sea-level changes, responsible for repeated drowning and backstepping of coral reefs. Reef drowning characterized by distinct biological and sedimentary sequence. In short term, rate and amplitude of eustatic sea-level changes control initiation, growth, drowning or sub-aerial exposure, subsequent reinitiation, and final drowning. Over longer time scales (>100-500 ka) tectonic subsidence and basement substrate morphology influence reef morphology and backstepping geometries) Webster, J.M., L. Wallace, E. Silver, B. Applegate, D. Potts, J.C. Braga & C. Gallup (2004)- Drowned carbonate platforms in the Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q11008, doi:10.1029/2004GC000726, 31 p. (W Huon Gulf actively subsiding foreland basin with 14 drowned carbonate platforms and many pinnacles/ banks, increasing in age (~20–450 kyr) and depth (0.1-2.5 km) NE to Ramu- Markham Trench. Superimposed on downward flexing of platforms toward trench is tilting of deep platforms to NW and shallow platforms to SE. This may reflect encroaching thrust load from NW (Finisterre Range). Over shorter timescales (~100 kyr) eustatic sea level changes critical in controlling initiation, growth, drowning of platforms. Tectonic subsidence and basement morphology influence backstepping geometry and tilting of platforms over longer timescales) Webster, J.M., L. Wallace, E. Silver, D. Potts, J.C. Braga, W. Renema, K. Coleman-Riker & C. Gallup (2004)Coralgal composition of drowned carbonate platforms in the Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea: implications for lowstand reef development and drowning. Mar. Geol. 204, p. 59-89. (Coral, algae, larger forams facies models and development of drowned Pleistocene carbonate platforms, Huon Gulf) Weiler P.D. & R.S. Coe (1997)- Paleomagnetic evidence for rapid vertical-axis rotations during thrusting in active collision zone, northeastern Papua New Guinea. Tectonics 16, 3, p. 537-550. (Three thrust sheets of foldbelt N of Ramu-Markham fault zone rapid rotations in last 1 My, related to tectonic transport)


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Weiler P.D. & R.S. Coe (1998)- Study of actively colliding Finisterre arc terrane, northeastern Papua New Guinea. EOS 79, p. 221. Weiler P.D. & R.S. Coe (2000)- Rotations in the actively colliding Finisterre Arc Terrane: paleomagnetic constraints on Plio-Pleistocene evolution of the South Bismarck microplate, Northeastern Papua New Guinea. Tectonophysics 316, p. 297-325. (Paleomagnetic results from actively colliding Finisterre Arc Terrane indicate ~40° post-Miocene clockwise rotation of colliding terrane. Rotation reflects coherent rigid rotation of Finisterre Terrane rather than sequential docking of independently colliding blocks. S Bismarck/ Australia relative motion highly oblique collision in early stages, with Finisterre Arc Terrane converging along left-lateral Ramu-Markham suture, gradually changing to nearly orthogonal convergence observed today) Weissel, J.K., B. Taylor & G.D. Karner (1982)- The opening of the Woodlark Basin, subduction of the Woodlark spreading system, and the evolution of northern Melanesia since mid-Pliocene time. Tectonophysics, 87, p. 253- 277. Weissel, J.K. & A.B. Watts (1979)- Tectonic evolution of the Coral Sea Basin. J. Geophys. Res. 84, B9, p. 4572-4582. (Coral Sea basin magnetic lineations strike N70°W, parallel to N margin Queensland Plateau. Opening began at ~62 Ma, spreading ceased at ~56 Ma. Coral Sea ceased opening at same time as Tasman Sea, but finite rotations from two basins distinctly different. We infer that at least one additional active plate boundary in Paleocene and that it met Coral Sea and Tasman Sea plate boundaries at triple junction near E end of Coral Sea basin) Wells, M.L., G.K. Vallis & E.A. Silver (1999)- Tectonic processes in Papua New Guinea and past productivity in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 398, p. 601-604. (On relation between paleoproductivity/opal accumulation in Equatorial Pacific in last 12 My and tectonics of N New Guinea) Welsh, A. (1990)- Applied Mesozoic biostratigraphy in the Western Papuan Basin. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, First PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 369-380. (BP Jurassic-Cretaceous palynology zonation; a modified version of Helby et al. 1987 zonation) Whalen, J.B., R.M. Britten & I. McDougall (1982)- Geochronology and geochemistry of the Frieda River prospect area, Papua New Guinea. Economic Geol. 77, 3, p. 592-616. (Intrusive and volcanic rocks of Frieda River prospect between Frieda and Lagaip fault zones of New Guinea Mobile Belt in W Sepik District all of andesitic composition and belong to normal K calc-alkaline suite. Frieda Complex is remnant edifice of island stratovolcano interstratified in M Miocene Wogamush Fm. with coppergold and porphyry copper deposits along central axis of complex. Mianmin area is separate, unmineralized volcanic center. Nena Diorite N of Frieda Complex intrudes Upper Cretaceous- Eocene basement rocks, with igneous activity dated between ~17.3- 11.2 Ma) Whattam, S.A., J. Malpas, J.R. Ali & I.E.M. Smith (2008)- New SW Pacific tectonic model: cyclical intraoceanic magmatic arc construction and near-coeval emplacement along the Australia-Pacific margin in the Cenozoic. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. G3 9, 3, p. 1-34. (NE dipping subduction established off PNG by at least 65-60 Ma which resulted in emplacement of Papuan Ultramafic Belt (PUB) ophiolite at 59-58 Ma. PUB, etc., formed above NE dipping Cenozoic intraoceanic arc system which diachronously propagated (N-S) along E margin of Australian Plate. These ‘infant arc’ ophiolites represent fragments of supra-subduction zone lithosphere (SSZL) generated in earliest stages of magmatic arc formation, emplaced shortly after (<20 My) as result of forearc-Australian Plate collision. Subduction inception result of subsidence of older MORB-like lithosphere generated in extensive back arc basin. During emplacement of each ophiolite, a crustal fragment of older lithosphere was scraped off NE dipping slab and subsequently back-thrust beneath each ophiolite during emplacement)


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Whitford, D.J., T.L. Allan, M.J. Korsch, H. Middleton & J.A.Trotter (2003)- Strontium isotope chronostratigraphy and the carbonate sedimentation history of the Papuan Basin, Papua New Guinea In: Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Applied Isotope Geochemistry, AIG-5. Int. Assoc. Geochem. Cosmochem., p. 265-268. Whitford, D.J, T.L. Allan, A.S. Andrew, S.J. Craven, P.J. Hamilton, M.J. Korsch et al. (1996)- Strontium isotope chronostratigraphy and geochemistry of the Darai Limestone: Juha 1X well, Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.), Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 369-380. (Sr ages Juha 1X well show Darai Lst age range 7.7- 28.9 Ma (Oslick et al. 1994 calibration),in good agreement with foram ranges. Top Te1-4= 24 Ma, Te5 near 21 Ma, Tf1= 14 Ma, Tf2 = ~11-12 Ma) Whitmore, G.P., K.A.W. Crook & D.P. Johnson (1999)- Sedimentation in a complex convergent margin: the Papua New Guinea collision zone of the western Solomon Sea. Marine Geol. 157, p. 19-45. Whitmore, G.P., D.P. Johnson, K.A.W. Crook, J. Galewsky & E.A. Silver (1997)- Convergent margin extension associated with arc-continent collision; the Finsch Deep, Papua New Guinea. Tectonics. 16, p. 77-87. Wichmann, A. (1901)- Uber einige Gesteine von der Humboldt-Bai (Neu-Guinea). Centralbl. f. Mineral., Geol. Palaont., 1901, p. 647-652. (‘On some rocks from Humboldt Bay, New Guinea’. North Papua rock descriptions, including Neogene Globigerina marls (Rutten 1914)) Williams, P.W. (1971)- Illustrating morphometric analysis of karst with examples from New Guinea. Zeitschr. Geomorph. 15, p. 40-61. Williams, P.W. (1972)- Morphometric analysis of polygonal karst in New Guinea. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 83, p. 761-796. Williamson, A. & G. Hancock (eds.) (2005)- The geology and mineral potential of Papua New Guinea. PNG Department of Mining, p. 1-152. (online at: http://www.infomine.com/publications/docs/PapuaNewGuinea2005.pdf) (Well-illustrated review of geology and mineral deposits of PNG) Williamson, A. & R. Rogerson (1983)- Geology and mineralization of Misima Island. PNG Geol. Survey Report 83/12, p. 1-136. Wilson, C., R. Barrett, R. Howe & L.K. Leu (1993)- Occurrences and character of outcropping limestones in the Sepik Basin: implications for hydrocarbon exploration. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration and development in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Second PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 111-124. (Carbonates in and around Sepik Basin (mainly at N margin = 'Idenburg Terrane'?; HvG): (1) shallow marine, recrystallized Late Cretaceous Orbitoides limestone, overlying metamorphic rocks; (2) M-L Eocene Nummulites limestone, unconformably overlain by (3) >300m thick Late Oligocene- earliest M Miocene Puwani Lst., which form basal transgressive part of Sepik basin fill) Winn, R.D., R.C.H. Perembo, H.L. Davies & P. Pousai (1997)- Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of the Tertiary Aure Trough, Papua New Guinea: foreland basin over microplate-craton suture. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petrol. Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 307-318. (Aure Trough formed over suture between E Papua composite terrane and Australian craton, which represents Oligocene docking event. Started as Oligocene foreland basin. Thick, mostly deep-marine clastics in M Miocene- Pliocene) Winn, R.D. & P. Pousai (2010)- Synorogenic alluvial-fan- fan-delta deposition in the Papuan foreland basin: Plio-Pleistocene Era formation, Papua New Guinea. Australian J. Earth Sci. 57, 5, p. 507- 523.


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(Synorogenic Pliocene- ?Pleistocene U Orubadi and Era Fms at SW margin of Papuan Peninsula interpreted as alluvial-fan, fan-delta and shallow-marine sediments, deposited in foreland basin formed from loading of Papuan-Aure fold-thrust Belt, where folding-thrusting related to docking and compression of Finisterre Terrane-Bismarck Arc against New Guinea Orogen. Era Fm siliciclastics sourced from volcanic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks uplifted in orogen to NE. Volcanic sediment derived mostly from active volcanic arc likely related to SW subduction at Trobriand Trough) Woodhead J.D., S.M. Eggins & R.W. Johnson (1998)- Magma genesis in the New Britain island arc; further insights into the melting and mass transfer processes. J. Petrology 39, 9, p. 1641-1668. Worthing, M.A. (1988)- Petrology and tectonic setting of blueschist facies metabasites from the Emo Metamorphics of Papua New Guinea. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 35, p. 159-168. (Emo Metamorphics mMetabasites contain quartz-albite-phengite- stilpnomelane-ferroglaucophane- chloritealmandine-epidote-sphene-apatite. Similar to lawsonite-epidote transition zone on New Caledonia. Suggests PT conditions of metamorphism of ~7.0 kbar and 320°C. Emo Metamorphics may be sliver of oceanic crust caught up in thrusting that accompanied obduction of Papuan ophiolite) Worthing, M.A. & A.J. Crawford (1996)- The igneous geochemistry and tectonic setting of metabasites from the Emo Metamorphics, Papua New Guinea; a record of the evolution and destruction of a backarc basin. Mineralogy and Petrology 58, p. 79-100. (Metabasites from Emo Metamorphics occur as thrust sheets below Papuan ophiolite. Four groups: garnet blueschists, amphibolites, lawsonite blueschists and greenschists. Most specimens polymetamorphic history. Primary igneous clinopyroxene suggests metamorphism under relatively low P. Rocks tholeiitic and with backarc basalts characteristics. Two new 39Ar-40Ar dates and tectonic model) Worthing, M.A., C.K. Midobatu & P.H. Nixon (1992)- Structural setting, petrology and emplacement of serpentinites in the Koki Fault Zone, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. J Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 7, 2-3, p. 147-158. (Serpentinites from Koki Fault Zone chemically comparable with cumulate members of ultramafic ophiolite sequence. Mapping showed presence of three structural domains: imbricate thrust stack, the KFZ and possible passive roof duplex structure, suggesting deformation occurred close to front of foreland thrust belt) Zeng, Y. & B.A. McConachie (2000)- Application of integrated magnetic and seismic interpretation to identify petroleum prospects in Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan et al. (eds.) Papua New Guinea’s petroleum industry in the 21st century, Proc. 4th PNG Petroleum Conv., Port Moresby 2000, p. 239-250. Zhu Z. & Yang Z. (2008)- Cenozoic adakites in Papua New Guinea and metallogetic significance. Jilin Daxue Xuebao= Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Ed.) 38, 4, p.618-623. Zwingmann, H., T. Allan, K. Liu, D. Holland & D. Leech (2008)- Glauconite ages from Late Cretaceous reservoir sandstones of the Papuan Basin. In: J.E. Blevin et al. (eds.) Third Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, Sydney 2008, PESA Spec. Publ., p. 259-262. (Coniacian- Campanian glauconite ages of sandstones)


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VIII.3. Misool Baggelaar, H. (1937)- Tertiary rocks from the Misool Archipelago (Dutch East Indies). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 40, 3, p. 285-292. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017038.pdf) (Larger forams from limestones from Weber collection from small islands S of Misool identified as Eocene (Alveolina on Jef Lili) and Miocene (Spiroclypeus, Lepidocyclina from 7 islands) genera. However, all 'Miocene' identifications erroneous and should also be Eocene (Baggelaar 1938). Also critiqued by Musper in N. Jb. Geol. Palaontol., 1937, p. 926-927) Baggelaar H. (1938)- Some correcting notes on 'Tertiary rocks from the Misool-Archipelago (Dutch East Indies)'. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 41, 3, p. 301. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017168.pdf) (Lepidocyclina and Spiroclypeus identified from seven islands S of Misool are Discocyclina and Asterocyclina, and probably also Pellatispira (fig. 10 from Sabenibnoe island W). All limestones therefore appear to be of Eocene age, not Miocene) Belford, D.J. (1991)- A record of the genus Lockhartia (foraminiferida) from Misool archipelago, Irian Jaya. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 12, 4, p. 297-299. (Late Paleocene- M Eocene Lockhartia, Discocyclina and Distochoplax biserialis in ‘Daram Sandstone’ of Sabennibnu Island, SE of Misool) Boehm, G. (1910)- Zur Geologie des Indo-Australischen Archipels. 5: Zur Kenntniss der Sudkuste von Misol. Centralblatt Miner. Geol. Palaont. 7, p. 197-209. ('5. On the knowledge of the South coast of Misool'. Brief descriptions of Triassic- Eocene stratigraphy along S coast of Misool and offshore islands) Boehm, G. (1924)- Uber eine senone Fauna von Misol. Palaeont. Timor XXVI, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 14, p. 83-103. (‘On a Senonian fauna from Misool’. Upper Cretaceous of Misool mainly marly rocks with Inoceramus and also some rudists (Durania)) Challinor, A.B. (1989)- The succession of Belemnopsis in the Late Jurassic of Eastern Indonesia. Palaeontology 32, 3, p. 571-596. (Belemnopsis from Misool and Sula all part of B. moluccana lineage. Misool Jurassic stratigraphy condensed rel. to Sula. Misool: 85m of Oxfordian Demu Fm carbonate/ shale overlain by ~100m of KimmeridgeanTithonian Lelinta shale with minor sandstone) Challinor, A.B. (1989)- Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnitida of Misool Archipelago, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 9, 153 p. (Callovian- Hauterivian belemnites from S Misool and islands off S coast. Good correlation with thicker and more complete (down to Toarcian) Jurassic section of the Sula Islands. No clear Kimmeridgean fossils found. Similarities between Misool and Madagascar assemblages, but, unlike earlier studies, no close relationships between Indonesian and New Zealand assemblages) Challinor, A.B. (1991)- Revision of the belemnites of Misool and a review of the belemnites of Indonesia. Palaeontographica Abt. A, 218, p. 87-164. (Mid-Bajocian- Hauterivian belemnites comprising 6 genera and 40 species (Jurassic Dicoelites, Conodicoelites, Belemnopsis and Hibolithes; Cretaceous Duvalia and Chalalabelus. Postulated close relationships with New Zealand Belemnitidae non-existent. Gondwana Belemnopsis strongly endemic. Late Jurassic ‘Indo-Tethyan’ Province from India to PNG) De Lange, G.J., J.J. Middelburg, R.P. Poorter & S. Shofiyah (1989)- Ferromanganese encrustations on the seabed west of Misool, Eastern Indonesia. In: Proc. Snellius II Symposium, Jakarta 1987, Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 4, p. 541-553. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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(Black coating on carbonate rocks from seafloor at ~1000m is iron and manganese-rich dolomite) Froidevaux, C.M. (1974)- Geology of Misool Island (Irian Jaya). Proc. 3rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 189-196. (Misool almost complete Triassic- Present stratigraphic record. Misool Island is N flank of ESE plunging anticlinorium. Oldest rocks exposed folded Triassic flysch along S shore. In Jurassic Misool located near N edge of sea that deepened to S. Thick Eocene carbonates.‘Oligocene’ unconformity: Miocene carbonates thin W-ward from >1300m to 100m and overlap successively older rocks. Island presently being tilted to SE) Gerth, H. (1932)- Thecocyathus misolensis sp. nov.. Eine Koralle aus dem Oxford von Misol. Beitr. Palaontologie des Ost Indischen Archipels, Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal., Abh., Beil. Band 69, B, p. 169-171. (New coral species from Oxfordian of Misool) Hasibuan, F. (1990)- Mesozoic stratigraphy and paleontology of Misool Archipelago, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Auckland, 384 p. (Unpublished) (Mesozoic on S half of Misool and adjacent islets includes Triassic (Anisian- Norian), Jurassic (ToarcianTithonian) and Cretaceous, unconformably over low metamorphic Siluro-Devonian Ligu Fm. Triassic Keskain Fm 1000m of Anisian-Ladinian sst/shale unconformably overlain by ~100m Late Triassic (Carnian-Rhaetian) Bogal Fm limestone. Major unconformity in E Jurassic. Most Jurassic formations rift-drift on N margin of Australian Gondwanana continent. In Triassic Misool related to Buru, Seram and Sumatra Islands, although few common species. Triassic and Lias also similar faunas to Alps and Mediterranean. Jurassic of Misool similar to Sula in bivalve content, but differs in that good ammonite assemblages are replaced by assemblages of belemnites. In Triassic- Jurassic Misool was on SE margin of Tethys Sea. E Triassic block faulting affected Misool, but since then relatively stable and on N margin of Australian-Gondwana continent) Hasibuan, F. (1992)- Mesozoic biostratigraphy of Misool Archipelago, Indonesia. Second Int. Symp. Geology and evolution of E Tethys, IGCP 321, Abstracts, p. 50-59. Hasibuan, F. (1998)- Asosiasi fauna paleoekologi dan lingkungan pengendapan formasi-formasi batuan JuraKapur Awal di Kepulauan Misool, Irian Jaya. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Sed., Pal., Strat., p. 27-36. ('Paleoecological faunal associations and depositional environments of Jurassic- Upper Cretaceous rock formations of the Misool Islands, Irian Jaya') Hasibuan, F. (2004)- Buchiidae (Bivalvia) Jura Akhir sampai Kapur Awal dari kepulauan Misool dan korelasi regionalnya. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC, Bandung), 14, 2, p. 51-60. ('Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous Buchiidae from Misool'. Demu Fm (Late Callovian- Late Oxfordian), Lelinta Fm (Late Oxfordian- E Berriasian) and Gamta Fm (Late Callovian-Cenomanian) contain Buchia. Stratigraphic ranges of Buchia from Misool correlated with overseas Buchia, showing good marker for regional correlation) Hasibuan, F. (2007)- Annelid Terebellina mackayi (Bather) from Middle Triassic Keskain Formation, Misool Archipelago. J. Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 17, 2, p. 116-123. Hasibuan, F. (2008)- Pre-Tertiary biostratigraphy of Indonesia. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience resources and environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok, p. 323-325. (Mainly on Misool Archipelago M Triassic to Cretaceous macrofossil succession) Hasibuan, F. (2009)- Biostratigrafi dan biota Jura kepulauan Misool, Indonesia, dan korelasi interregional dan globalnya. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geol. (GRDC) 19, 3, p. 191-207. ('Jurassic biostratigraphy and biota of the Misool islands and its interregional and global correlations'. Jurassic on Misool ~260 m thick, spanning Toarcian- Tithonian stages. Similar bivalve faunas as Sula islands, but Sula faunas also rich in ammonites, while Misool has more belemnites)


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Hasibuan, F. (2010)- Cretaceous Inoceramidae (Bivalvia) from Fafanlap Formation, Misool Archipelago, Indonesia. Proc. IGCP 507 Project Symp. Paleoclimates in Asia during the Cretaceous, Yogyakarta 2010, 1 p. (Abstract only) (online at http://igcp507.grdc.esdm.go.id/downloads/cat_view/34-documents) (Description of small collection of M Campanian inoceramid bivalves from Fafanlap Fm, Misool. Similar to Campanian assemblage from U Kembelangan Fm from W Papua 'Birds Head') Hasibuan, F. (2010)- Analisis lingkungan pengendapan batuan berumur Jura di Kepulauan Misool, Papua berdasarkan fosil makro. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 20, 5, p. 235-250. ('Facies analysis of rocks of Jurassic age of the Misool islands, Papua, based on macrofossils'. Four fossil assemblages in Toarcian-Berriasian of Misool: (1) bivalve- ammonite with Bositra ornati (= anoxic, Aalenian), (2) belemnite- bivalve, (3) ammonite- bivalve- belemnite and (4) bivalve- ammonite- belemnite assemblage. Paleoenvironment continental shelf and slope, at N margin of Gondwana land or at S coast of Tethyan Sea) Hasibuan, F. & J.A Grant-Mackie (2007)- Triassic and Jurassic gastropods from the Misool Archipelago. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 17, 4, p. 257-272. (Gastropod fauna of Triassic and Jurassic ages from SE Misool Archipelago reviewed, based on collections made in 1981. Five described species and five in open nomenclature. Most taxa unique to this area, but Eucyclus orbignyanus known also from Europe) Hasibuan, F. & P. Janvier (1985)- Lepidotes sp. (Actinopterygii, Halecostomi), a fish from the Lower Jurassic of Misool Island. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Pal. Ser. 7, p. 10-17. Hasibuan, F. & E. Rusmana (2007)- Cretaceous rocks of Misool Archipelago, Indonesia. J. Sumber Daya Geol. 17, 6, p. 420-435. (Overview of stratigraphy and macrofaunas of Cretaceous at S side Misool and adjacent islands. Section dominated by deep marine calcilutites, probably shallowing, with silts and sands in Campanian- Maastrichtian) Heinz, R. (1928)- Uber die Oberkreide-Inoceramen der Inseln Fafanlap, Jabatano und Jillo II im Misol Archipel und ihre Beziehungen zu denen Europas und anderer Gebiete. Min. Geol. Staats-Inst., Hamburg 10, p. 99-110. ('On the Upper Cretaceous Inoceramus mollusks from the islands Fafanlap, Jabatano and Jillo II in the Misool Archipelago and their relations to those of Europe and other areas'. Revision of Boehm (1924) inoceramids from Fafanlap Fm and considered to be of Senonian age, not Maastrichtian as assumed by Boehm) Helby, R. & F. Hasibuan (1988)- A Jurassic dinoflagellate sequence from Misool, Indonesia. In: Proc. 7th Int. Palynological Conf., Brisbane, p. 69 (Abstract only) (Diverse dinoflagellate assemblages from Misool. Yefbie shale Toarcian to Bathonian Caddasphaera halosa zone. Demu Fm late Callovian suite to Oxfordian Wanaea spectabilis zone. Lelinta shale upper Oxfordianearly Kimmeridgean Wanaea clathrata zone, possibly extending into early Berriasian Kalyptea wisemaniae zone. Mid-Bathonian- Late Callovian unconformity between Yefbie Fm and Demu Fm. Apparent absence of Kimmeridgean Dingodinium swanense zone in middle Lelinta shale) Jaworski, E. (1915)- Die Fauna der obertriadischen Nuculamergel von Misol. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Palaontologie von Timor II, 5, p. 73-174. (‘Fauna from Upper Triassic Nucula marls of Misool’) Kristan-Tollmann, E. & F. Hasibuan (1990)- Ostracoden aus der Obertrias von Misol (Indonesien). Mitteil. Oesterr. Geol. Ges. 82, p. 173-181. (Small ostracod fauna from marine Upper Triassic (Early Carnian?) of Misool. Nearly all genera are known from W Tethys, but found for first time here in E-most Tethyan ocean. One new form (Hasibuana asiatica)) Krumbeck, L. (1911)- Uber die Fauna des Norischen Athyridenkalkes von Misol. Dissert. FriedrichAlexanders-Universitat zu Erlangen, Schweizerbart, p. 1-38.


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(‘On the fauna of the Norian athyrid limestone of Misool’. Brief description of macrofauna of ~50m thick limestone rich in Misolia brachiopods from S coast and ilands Jillu, etc., off S Misool. Includes some corals (Thecosmilia), stromatoporoids, hydrozoans (Heterastridium), pectenids, etc. No illustrations) Krumbeck, L. (1913)- Obere Trias von Buru und Misol (Die Fogi-Schichten und Asphaltschiefer West-Burus und der Athyridenkalk des Misol-Archipels). Palaeontogr. Suppl. 4, 2, p. 1-161. (Upper Triassic macrofaunas collected by Boehm and Wanner from ‘Fogi Beds’ in W Buru (Rhaetian ?; distal, but not very deep marine dark marls and limestones and associated bituminous limestones) and Athyrid (brachiopod) limestone in Misool (Lower Norian ?; rel. shallow marine dark grey limestone with grey and yellowish marls with Misolia, coral, mollusks, etc.) Krumbeck, L. (1934)- Die Aucellen des Malms von Misol. N. Jahrb. Min. Geol. Palaeont. Beil. 71, p. 422-467. (‘The Aucellas from the Malm of Misool’. West Misool Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) siliceous marls with muscovite and fine quartz grains and Aucella sandstone with common Aucella (now called Buchia) mollusks, commonly compressed and dissolved. Also Aucellas from clay-marls from Facet island (‘Fatjet Schiefer’), with rich open marine foram assemblages. Facet shales with Aucella (Buchia) malayomaorica, also known from Timor, Roti, Buru, Seram and New Zealand North Island, underlying Demu Limestone with A. cf. subspitiensis) MacFarlan, D.A.B., F. Hasibuan & J.A. Grant-Mackie (2011)- Mesozoic brachiopods of Misool Archipelago, eastern Indonesia. In: G.R. Shi (ed.) Brachiopods: extant and extinct, Proc. 6th Int. Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne 2010, Mem. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont. 41, p. 149-177. (Mesozoic brachiopod fauna of Misool ten species, only one previously described (Rhaetian Misolia misolica; three varieties of Von Seidlitz (1913) are synonyms). Four new Late Triassic species, incl. Zugmayerella bogalica, two Jurassic (incl. Aucklandirhynchia yefbiensis) and three Cretaceous. Biogeographically fauna is Perigondwanan (or S Tethyan). Aucklandirhynchia yefbiensis. and Prochlidonophora spinulifera of Austral affinity and Ptilorhynchia pugnaciformis belongs to Circum-Pacific or bipolar genus) Mulyadi, D. (2010)- Mikrofasias dan diagenesa batugamping Formasi Zaag de Pulau Misool dan sekitarnya. J. Teknologi Technoscientia 3, 1, p. ('Microfacies and limestone diagenesis of the Zaag Fm of Misool island and surroundings'. Paleo-Eocene Zaag Fm carbonates on Misool two facies: (1) packstones with Fasciolites (Alveolina) and Lacazinella and (2) grainstones with Fasciolites (Alveolina), miliolids and algae) Pigram, C.J., A.B. Challinor, F. Hasibuan, E. Rusmana & U. Hartono (1982)- Geological results of the 1981 expedition to the Misool Archipelago, Irian Jaya. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 6, p. 18-29. (Misool islands contain rel. complete and fossiliferous Mesozoic sequences in SE Asia. Low-grade Paleozoic metamorphic basement (folded 'flysch') similar to Seram Sea area islands. ?Triassic flysch-type Keskain Fm unconformably overlain by Late Triassic reefal Bogal Lst with brachiopod Misolia. Marine Jurassic section above Early Jurassic breakup unconformity , starts with Toarcian-Callovian quartz sandstone but mostly shale with belemnites and ammonites. Latest Jurassic- E Cretaceous section is deep marine Facet Gp calcilutites, overlain by Fafanlap tuffaceous clastics. Eocene Zaag Lst platform carbonates with Alveolina. Late Oligocene unconformity overlain by E Miocene Kasim marls (equivalent of Sirga sst of New Guinea?) and E-M Miocene Openta lst) Pigram, C.J., A.B. Challinor, F. Hasibuan, E. Rusmana & U. Hartono (1982)- Lithostratigraphy of the Misool Archipelago, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geologie Mijnbouw 61, 3, p. 265-279. (Descriptions of surface geology of islands South of Misool and Paleozoic- Pliocene stratigraphy of Misool) Roggeveen, P.M. (1939)- Geologisch onderzoek van Noord Misool. Ned. Nieuw Guinea Petrol. Maatsch. Report 19288, 40p. (unpublished) (‘Geologic investigations of North Misool’. Frequently quoted BPM report, a.o. in Van Bemmelen 1949) Rusmana, E., U. Hartono & C.J. Pigram (1989)- Geological map of the Misool quadrangle, Irian Jaya, 1:250,000. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung.


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Simbolon, B., S. Martodjojo & R. Gunawan (1984)- Geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Pre-Tertiary system of Misool area. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 317-340. Siregar, M.S. (1985)- Karbonat Formasi Waaf berumur Kapur di Pulau Misool. Majalah RISET Geol. dan Pertambangan 6, 2, p. 36-45 (Cretaceous Waaf Formation carbonate on Misool Island'. Planktonic foram wackestone) Siregar, M.S. (1986)- Endapat karbonat laut dalam di Pulau Misool. Proc. 15th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. ('Shallow marine carbonate deposits of Misool island') Skwarko, S.K. (1981)- History of geological investigations of the Misool Archipelago, Moluccas, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Pal. Ser. 2, p. 53-66. (Overview of 50 papers on Misool geology since 1899. Mesozoic probably >4000m thick, overlying pre-Late Triassic metamorphics and subdivided into 22 time-rock units. ?Ladinian-Carnian Keskain flysch overlain by Norian marls and Misolia limestones. Jurassic unconformable on Triassic, with thin M Liassic quartz sst, followed by shelfal marine marls, shales, thin limestones, calcareous sandstones, with locally common macrofossils. Cretaceous mainly pelagic limestone) Soergel, W. (1913)- Geologische Mitteilungen aus dem Indo-Australischen Archipel. 9: Lias und Dogger von Jefbie und Filialpopo (Misol Archipel). N. Jahrb. Miner. Geol., Beil. Bd. 36B, p. 586-612. (‘Liassic and Dogger of Jefbie and Filialpopo, Misool Archipelago’. Descriptions of Middle Jurassic macrofossils collected by Boehm in 1901, Van Nouhuys and Wanner in 1909. Mainly bivalves (Astarte spp., Nucula, Cucullaea, etc.), also gastropods, brachiopods, ammonites (Harpoceras spp.) and belemnites) Soergel, W. (1915)- Unter- Dogger von Jefbie (Misol Archipel). Ein Nachtrag zur Stratigraphie und Biologie. Zeitsch. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 67, 3, p. 99-109. (More on Dogger (M Jurassic) of Jefbie, Misool Archipelago) Stolley, E. (1934)- Zur Kenntnis des Jura und der Unterkreide von Misol. 1. Stratigraphischer Teil. Beitrage zur Palaontologie des Ostindischen Archipels 11, Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Palaont., Abh. B, 71, p. 470-486. (‘On the knowledge of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Misool- Part 1 Stratigraphy’) Stolley, E. (1935)- Zur Kenntnis des Jura und der Unterkreide von Misol. 2. Palaeontogischer Teil. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Palaont., Abh. B, 73, p. 42-69. (‘On the knowledge of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Misool- Part 2- paleontology’. Mainly on belemnites collected by Weber) Syafron, E. (2011)- Evaluation of the Mesozoic stratigraphy of Misool island and implications for petroleum exploration in the Bird’s Head region, West Papua, Indonesia. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-158, 13p. (Review of Triassic- Jurassic stratigraphy of Misool. Bajocian (M Jurassic) Yefbie Fm marine black shale with terrestrial influence; probably distal facies of Roabiba Sst reservoirs in Tangguh area, Bintuni Bay. Shale underlain by Toarcian sandy limestone and basal conglomerate, equivalent to E Jurassic sandstones penetrated in East Onin-1ST and TBJ-1X wells. Best potential source rock Yefbie Fm shale (TOC up to 1.9%, HI 120-180 mgS2/gTOC, gas prone kerogen type III). No potential reservoir in outcrop) Thrupp, G.A., E.A. Silver & H. Prasetyo (1986)- Preliminary results of a palaeomagnetic study of Misool, Irian Jaya. In: IOC Symposium on marine science in the Western Pacific: the Indo-Pacific convergence, Townsville 1986, p. 29. (Abstract only) (Results of paleomagnetic analysis of 614 samples from 107 sites on Misool. Tertiary carbonates very weak magnetizaton, but Late Cretaceous Fafanlap and Waaf formations retain well-defined, pre-folding magnetic


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directions that suggest substantial counterclockwise rotation of Misool relative to Australia (presumably since Late Cretaceous?; HvG) Thrupp, G.A., W.V. Sliter, E.A. Silver, C.J. Pigram, H. Prasetyo & R.S. Coe (1988)- Palaeomagnetism of Late Cretaceous calcareous sediments from the Misool Archipelago, Irian Jaya. 9th Australian Geol. Conv., Brisbane 1988, Abstracts 21, p. 401-402. Thrupp, G.A., W.V. Sliter, E.A. Silver, H. Prasetyo & R.S. Coe (1987)- Paleomagnetic evidence from Late Cretaceous rocks of Misool for rotation relative to Australia. EOS 68, 44, p. 1260. (Abstract only) (Report 33° anticlockwise rotation of Misool Cretaceous deposits) Vogler, J. (1941)- Ober-Jura und Kreide von Misol (Niederlandisch-Ostindien). In: Beitrage zur Geologie von Niederlandisch-Indien, Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, IV, 4, p. 243-293. (‘Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous of Misool’. Reports of acid tuffs in Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous limestones. Late Jurassic Facet Limestone with calcispheres Stomosphaera and Cadosina spp.. Illustrations of vertical sections of Upper Cretaceous keeled Globotruncana planktonic forams) Von Seidlitz, W. (1913)- Misolia, eine neue Brachiopoden-Gattung aus den Athyridenkalken von Buru und Misol. Beitr. Geologie Niederlandisch-Indien II, 2, Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, p.163-194. (New genus Misolia for Upper Triassic (Norian) shallow marine costate athyrid brachiopod from Athyrides limestone in Misool and Fogi Beds of Buru. Genus apparently characteristic of ‘Gondwanan Tethys’; also known from NW Australian margin) Wandel, G. (1936)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Jurassischen Molluskenfauna von Misol, Ost Celebes, Buton, Seran und Jamdena. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Beitrage zur Palaeontologie des Ostindischen Archipels 13, Neues Jahrbuch Miner. Geol. Palaeont., Beil. Bd. 75B, p. 447-526. (‘Contributions to the knowledge of Jurassic molluscs from Misool, East Sulawesi, Buton, Seram and Yamdena’. Description of Mollusca, mainly collected by F. Weber. Misool faunas include upper Liassic Harpoceraten beds, lower Dogger Hammoceraten beds, Oxfordian Aucella malayomaorica marls (also in E Sulawesi), etc. ) Wanner, J. (1910)- Beitrage zur geologischen Kenntnis der Insel Misol (Niederlandisch Ost-Indien). Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 27, p. 469-500. ('Contributions to the geological knowledge of Misool island'. Early description of geology and Mesozoic stratigraphy of S Misool and adjacent islands, based on 3-week visit in 1909. Misool island structure rel. simple: 10-20° N-dip. Upper Triassic- Jurassic- Upper Cretaceous open marine succession, overlain by Eocene alveolinid limestone. With 1:187,500 scale map) Weber, F. (1930)- Verslag over het geologisch onderzoek op de eilandengroep van Misool. NNGPM Report 12103, p. ('Report of geological investigations of the Misool islands group'. Frequently quoted unpublished BPM/ NNGPM report on Misool islands geology) Wensink, H., S. Hartosukohardjo & Y. Suryana (1989)- Palaeomagnetism of Cretaceous sediments from Misool, northeastern Indonesia. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, p. 287-301. (Misool paleo pole positions do not correspond to Australia; probably split off in Late Triassic-Jurassic. In Late Cretaceous Misool was at ~20° S, much farther N relative to Australia than today. 20° anticlockwise rotation since Late K. Main folding phase on Misool Late Oligocene; older folding event in Late Triassic)


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VIII.4. Arafura Shelf Adhyaksawan, R., P.T. Allo, M. Raharja, M. Isjmiradi & M. Boyd (2010)- Arafura seismic processing: importance of iterating velocity analysis and integrating regional geology to counter signal masking by major unconformities: Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 5 p. Aldha, T. & Kim Jae Ho (2008)- Tertiary hydrocarbon play in NW Arafura Shelf, Offshore South Papua: frontier area in Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA08-G-144, 9p. (On proven Tertiary petroleum system on NW margin of the Arafura Shelf between northern Aru Islands and Lengguru foldbelt) Balke, B., C. Page, R. Harrison & G. Roussopou (1973)- Exploration in the Arafura Sea. APEA J. 13, p. 9-12. Bradshaw, J., R.S. Nicoll & M. Bradshaw (1990)- The Cambrian to Permo-Triassic Arafura Basin, Northern Australia. The APEA J. 30, 1, p. 107-127. (Arafura Basin N Australia shelf thick Cambrian- Permo-Triassic sequence, unconformably overlying Proterozoic McArthur basin, and unconformably overlain by M Jurassic and younger Money Shoal basin. Broad northern platform (3-5 km Paleozoic) and NW trending Goulburn graben (Carboniferous-Lower Permian; >10km Paleozoic; 6 exploration wells). Cambrian-Ordovician mainly carbonates. Late Devonian and Late Carboniferous mainly clastics.) Brown, C.M. (1980)- Arafura and Money Shoal basins. In: Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the ESCAP Region, ESCAP Atlas of Stratigraphy II, 7, p. 52-57. Dinkelman, M., J. Granath, J. Christ & P. Emmet (2010)- Arafura Sea: a deep look at an underexplored region. SEAPEX Press 62, 13, 1, p. 76-95. (New deep regional seismic shows locally very thick (up to 30km) sedimentary section on Arafura Platform, almost all Precambrian Wessel Group and MacArthur Basin sequence) Earl, K.L. (2006)- An audit of wells in the Arafura Basin. Geoscience Australia Record 2006/02, p. 1-86. (Online at http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA15192.pdf) (Summary of geology and wells in Australian sector of S Arafura Sea. Most wells in Goulburn Graben, penetrated Paleozoic of inverted Goulburn graben and Jurassic- Cretaceous of Money Shoal successor basin) Edgar, N.T., C.B. Cecil, R.E. Mattick, A.R. Chivas, P. de Deckker & Y.S. Djajadihardja (2003)- A modern analog for tectonic, eustatic and climatic processes in cratonic basins: Gulf of Carpenteria, Northern Australia. In: C.B. Cecil, & N.T. Edgar (eds.) Climate controls on stratigraphy, Soc. Econ. Geol. (SEPM) Spec. Publ. 77, p. 193-205. (Gulf of Carpentaria, SE of Arafura Shelf, is tropical, silled epicontinental sea. Reconnaissance seismic and well data show Cenozoic sedimentation clastics-dominated in temperate climate. In Miocene carbonate deposition expanded S-ward into gulf region. In Late Miocene carbonate sedimentation replaced by terrigenous clastics from developing New Guinea Central Range, in wetter climate. At least 14 basin-wide transgressive– regressive cycles identified by channels eroded under subaerial conditions since about Miocene) Fairbridge, R.W. (1951)- The Aroe Islands and the continental shelf North of Australia. Scope, Univ. W Australia, 1, 6, p. 24-28. (Geomorphology study of Aru Islands from air photos. Arafura shelf is vast peneplained platform of PreCambrian rocks. Aru Islands Pre-Cambrian basement with thin veneer of Late Tertiary and Quaternary sediments. Marine channels subdividing Aru islands group may be drowned Pleistocene river valleys) Granath, J., J. Christ, M. Dinkelman & P. Emmet (2011)- Arafura and Banda Seas: a plate-scale look at exploring a convergent margin. SEAPEX Press 63, 14, 1, p. 68-91.


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(New deep (>40 km) regional seismic along convergent margin between Aru Trough from Seram to Tanimbar. Seram viewed as fragment of Birds Head thrust North over itself Aru Trough is young extensional basin with complicated Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy) Granath, J.W., M. Dinkelman, J.C. Christ-Stringer & P.A. Emmet (2012)- Highlights and implications of a deep-crustal seismic reflection survey in the Arafura Sea region. Berita Sedimentologi 24 (in press) (New deep seismic shows thick two-part Proterozoic section of ~15+ km thick Arafura Basin and underlying additional 15+ km of McArthur Basin equivalents, making up virtually entire crust under Arafura platform. Weber Deep initiated as forearc extensional event, which severed accretionary prism from its hard volcanic core, then evolved into basin within Banda Basin. Seram thrust belt lies above strike-slip system that separates Banda microplate from Bird's Head, and forms plate boundary in that area) Grosjean, E., G.A. Logan, N. Rollet, G.J. Ryan & K. Glenn (2007)- Geochemistry of shallow tropical marine sediments from the Arafura Sea, Australia. Organic Geochem. 38, 11, p. 1953-1971. (Organic matter in modern Arafura Sea tropical carbonate shelf sediments dominated by marine algal input. Closest to shore, high taraxerol abundance indicates strong input of mangrove material during transgression following Last Glacial Maximum. Sediments in paleo-channels with dissolved CH4 of microbial origin) Hardjawidjaksana, K. (1988)- The structure and tectonics of the Aru Trough and its surroundings, Banda Arc, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis, London University, p. Helby, R. (2006)- A palynological reconnaissnce of new cuttings samples from the Arafura-1, Kulka-1 and Tasman-1 wells. In: H.I.M. Struckmeyer (comp.) New datasets for the Arafura Basin. Geoscience Australia Record 2006/06, Canberra, p. 1-17. Jongsma, D. (1970)- Eustatic sea level changes in the Arafura Sea. Nature 228, p. 150-151. Jongsma, D. (1974)- Marine geology of the Arafura Sea. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Canberra, Bull. 157, p. 1-56. Katili, J.A. (1986)- Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Arafura Sea. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Future petroleum provinces of the world, AAPG Mem. 40, p. 487-501. (Arafura Sea continental shelf dominated by Late Paleozoic-Cenozoic shelf sediments, underlain by granitic basement. Two tectonic styles: block faulting in shelf and slope sediments of Arafura sea and Overthrusting of chaoric sediments from Banda Arc towards Australian continent. In Malita- Calder graben gas shows in M Jurassic- E Cretaceous sediments) Labutis, V., A. Moore & J. Bradshaw (1992)- Arafura petroleum prospectivity evaluation report. AGSO Record 1992/84, p. Martin, B.A. & S.J.Cawley (1991)- Onshore and offshore petroleum seepage; contrasting a conventional study in Papua New Guinea and airborne laser fluorosensing over the Arafura Sea. The APEA J. 31, 1, p. 333-353. Miyazaki, S. & B. McNeil (1998)- Arafura Sea: petroleum prospectivity bulletin and database. Bureau Resource Science, Petroleum Prospectivity Bulletin and Database, 1998/1, p. Miyazaki S. & B. McNeil (1998)- Arafura Sea- Tertiary, Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and weathered basement plays. APEA J. 38, p. 878. (Petroleum potential in Arafura Sea: Tertiary, Mesozoic-Palaeozoic sandstones or carbonates, weathered PreCambrian basement. NW-trending Goulburn Graben emerged end-Paleozoic, leaving peneplain in E Jurassic. M Jurassic marine transgression over smoothed erosional surface, undeformed, with angular unconformity at base. Oil shows from Paleozoic-Mesozoic in four wells. Bitumen strandings on S shores of Arafura Sea. Oil slicks over Goulburn Graben during ALF survey. Paleozoic source rocks retain oil generative capability.


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Jurassic and E Cretaceous sandstones good porosity. Paleozoic reservoirs poor, but often fractured. Six play types: fault rollovers low-relief anticlines, 400 km long Tithonian- basal Cretaceous channel, etc.) Moore, A. (1995)- Is oil being generated beneath the northern Arafura Sea? AGSO Res. Newsl. 23; p. 5-7. Moore, A., J. Bradshaw & D. Edwards (1996)- Geohistory modelling of hydrocarbon migration and trap formation in the Arafura Sea. PESA Journal, 24, p. 35-52. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA7804.pdf) (Lower Paleozoic in Goulburn Graben wells in Australian part of Arafura Sea reached peak maturity before Late Triassic formation of graben) Moss, S. (2001)- Extending Australian geology into eastern Indonesia and potential source rocks of the Indonesian Arafura Sea. PESA News, Feb-Mar 2001, p. 54-56. Nicol, G.N. (1970)- Exploration and geology of the Arafura Sea. APEA J., 1970, 10, p. 56-61. Nicoll, R.S. (2006)- Cambrian and Ordovician sediments and biostratigraphy of the Arafura Basin, offshore Northern Territory, Australia. In: H.I.M. Struckmeyer (comp.) New datasets for the Arafura Basin. Geoscience Australia Record 2006/06, Canberra, p. 1-16. (Extensive M Cambrian- E Ordovician 'Goulburn Gp' carbonate shelf underlies most of Arafura Sea between Australia and New Guinea. Same sedimentary package hydrocarbon-bearing in Canning and Amadeus Basins. Conodonts from upper part of carbonate-dominated sequence Late Cambrian- Lower Ordovician (early Arenig) age (Cordylodus sp., Prioniodus adami, Jumudontus brevis, Bergstroemognathus extensus, Serratognathus bilobatus, Cooperignathus aranda, Oepikodus communis, O. cleftus)) Nicoll, R.S. (2006)- Devonian stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Arafura Basin, offshore Northern Territory, Australia. In: H.I.M. Struckmeyer (comp.) New datasets for the Arafura Basin. Geoscience Australia Record 2006/06, Canberra, p. 1-10. (Devonian sediments in Goulburn Graben are of Upper Devonian (Famennian) age, and unconformably overlie Cambrian- E Ordovician Goulburn Gp. Conodont faunas from Djabura and Yabooma Fms may represent, crepida and expansa conodont zones and suggests shallow water, inner shelf depositional environments) Panuju, S. Sofyan & H.L. Setiawan (2009)- Sikuen stratigrafi wilayah barat Cekungan Arafura: studi kasus penampang sedimen sumur Barakan-1 dan Koba-1. Proc. 38th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Semarang, PITIAGI2009-055, 15p. ('Sequence stratigraphy of the W margin of the Arafura Basin: study of sediments of wells Barakan 1 and Koba 1'. Correaltion and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of two key Arafuru Platform margin wells. latest M Jurassic (Callovian)- basal Cretaceous (Berriasian- Valanginian) sand-rich interval unconformable over Cambrian and older rocks, overlain by deep water mid and Late Cretaceous clastics and Tertiary carbonate section) Petroconsultants Australasia/ Northern Territory Geological Survey (1989)- Arafura Basin. 117 p. (Unpublished consultants report) Rollet, N., G.A. Logan, G. Ryan, A.G. Judd, J.M. Totterdell, K. Glenn et al. (2009)- Shallow gas and fluid migration in the northern Arafura Sea (offshore Northern Australia). Marine Petrol Geol. 26, p. 129-147. (Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic Arafura Basin extends from onshore N Australia across Arafura Sea into Indonesian waters, and is overlain by Mesozoic- Cenozoic Money Shoal Basin. Shallow gas indicators and fluid migration pathways in Holocene section identified from pockmarks and echo sounder profiles. Gas in shallow cores of microbial origin, but deeper fluid movement suggested by hydrocarbon slicks interpreted on synthetic aperture radar data) Shor, G.G. (1974)- Seismic refraction results from the Arafura Sea. CCOP Newsletter 1, 3, p. 21-23.


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Smith, M.R. & J.G. Ross (1986)- Petroleum potential of northern Australian continental shelf. AAPG Bull. 70, 11, p. 1700-1712. (Australian part of Arafura Shelf. Thick Paleozoic basin with possible Devonian reefs, overlain in W by Mesozoic- Tertiary section) Struckmeyer, H.I.M. (comp.) (2006)- Petroleum geology of the Arafura and Money Shoal Basins. Geoscience Australia Record, Canberra, Report 2006/22, p. 1-37 (Unpublished) Struckmeyer, H.I.M. (2006)- The northern Arafura Basin- exploration opportunities from Geoscience Australia's new petroleum program. APPEA J., 2006, 2, p. 143-154. Summons, R.E., J. Bradshaw, M. Brooks et al (1993)- Hydrocarbon composition and origins of coastal bitumens from the Northern Territory, Australia, PESA J. 21, p. 31-42. Tayama, R. (1939)- Topography, geology and coral reefs in the Aru Islands in the Dutch East Indies. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 16, p. 31-32. (Summary by T. Kobayashi of paper in Contr. Inst. Geol. Pal. Tohuku Imp. Univ., Sendai, 20, 1936, p. 1-35. Aru Islands jointed and dismembered Miocene- Pliocene limestone plateau, possibly on granite) Thomas, B.M., P. Hanson, J.G. Stainforth, P. Stamford & L. Taylor (1990)- Petroleum geology and exploration history of the Carpentaria Basin, Australia, and associated infrabasins. In: Interior cratonic basins, AAPG Mem. 51, p. 709-724. Verstappen, H.Th. (1959)- Geomorphology and crustal movements of the Aru Islands in relation to the Pleistocene drainage of the Sahul shelf. American J. Sci. 257, 7, p. 491-502. (Aru islands geanticlinal upwarp of Sahul shelf WNW of Australia. Structural terraces common and wrongly attributed to Recent uplift by several authors. Sunken coast lines and drowned abrasion platforms indicate subsidence of outer zones in Recent times. Channels between islands are result of pattern of diagonal shear joints and have no connection with Pleistocene courses of New Guinea rivers, as often suggested) Wagimin, N. & E.A. Sentani (2009)- Opportunities (I), Sahul Basin. Inameta J. 7, p. 20-23. (online at: www.patranusa.com) (Overview of Arafura Sea/ Sahul Basin, W Papua, in conjunction with tender round offering)


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IX. CIRCUM-INDONESIA IX.1. Andaman Sea Region Acharyya, S.K. (1991)- Late Mesozoic- Early Tertiary basin evolution along the Indo-Burmese range and Andaman Island. In: S.K. Tandon et al. (eds.) Sedimentary basins of India, p. 104-130. Acharyya, S.K. (1997)- Stratigraphy and tectonic history reconstruction of the Indo-Burma-Andaman mobile belt. Indian J. Geol. 69, p. 211-234. Acharyya, S.K. (2007)- Collisional emplacement history of the Naga-Andaman ophiolites and the position of the eastern Indian suture. J. Asian Earth Sci. 29, 2-3, p. 229-242. (Dismembered Late Mesozoic ophiolites in 2 belts along E margin of Indian Plate. E Belt follows magmatic arc of C Burma Basin, a zone of high gravity and mafic and continental metamorphic rocks, which are locus of two closely juxtaposed sutures. W Belt follows E margin of Indo-Burma Range and Andaman outer-island-arc, a zone of negative gravity anomalies, and ophiolites mainly as rootless bodies over Eo-Oligocene flysch. Two sets of ophiolites accreted in E Cretaceous and M Eocene in this belt, inferred to be nappes from E Belt, emplaced during Late Oligocene collision between Burmese and Indo-Burma-Andaman microcontinents. Andaman Islands Ophiolites belong to W Belt and were interpreted as upthrust oceanic crust, accreted due to prolonged subduction to W of island arc, but this subduction began only in Late Miocene and could not have produced ophiolitic rocks accreted in E Eocene) Acharyya, S.K., K.K. Ray & S. Sengupta (1990)- Tectonics of the ophiolite belt from Naga Hills and Andaman Islands, India. Proc. Indian Acad.Sci. (Earth Planet. Sci.) 99, p. 187-199 Allen, R., A. Carter, Y. Najman, P.C. Bandopadhyay, H.J. Chapman et al. (2008)- New constraints on the sedimentation and uplift history of the Andaman-Nicobar accretionary prism, South Andaman Island In: A.E. Draut, P.D. Clift & D.W. Scholl (eds.) Formation and applications of the sedimentary record in arc collision zones. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 436, p. 223-255 (Andaman-Nicobar Ridge accretionary complex part of Sunda subduction zone. Tertiary rocks exposed on Andaman Islands preserve record of tectonic evolution of surrounding region. Poor biostratigraphic age control (mainly barren). Oldest unit pre-Late Cretaceous ophiolite, Late Cretaceous- Paleocene pelagic chertsshales, arc-derived Eocene Mitakhari Gp coarse clastics, Late Eocene?-Oligocene continental-derived Andaman Flysch, major uplift episode around 20 Ma, shallow marine volcanics-rich Miocene-Pliocene Archipelago group) Andreason, M.W. B. Mudford & J.E.S. Onge (1997)- Geologic evolution and petroleum systems of the Thailand Andaman Sea basin. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia & Australia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 337-350. (Thailand Andaman Sea sector 12 exploratory wells , including two gas discoveries. Two back-arc basins, Mergui and N Sumatra basin N extension with >10,500’ sediment. Miocene reefs and Oligo- Miocene fluviodeltaics and turbidites major explorationy plays) ASCOPE (1985)- The stratigraphic correlation study of the Andaman Sea- Strait of Malacca. CCOP Techn. Paper TP/4, 28p. Aung Khin, J. (1990)- The geology of the Andaman Sea. Proc. South East Asia Petrol. Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX) Conf. 9, 8th Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore, p. 81-88. Bandopadhyay, A. & R.R. Bandyopadhyay (1999)- Subsea channels and Incidence of thermogenic hydrocarbons in the mid-proximal Bengal Fan, West of the Andaman-Nicobar Islands. Marine Georesources Geotechn. 17, p. 1-16.


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Bandopadhyay, P.C. (2005)- Discovery of abundant pyroclasts in Namunagarh grit, South Andaman; evidence for architectural element volcanism and active subduction during the Paleogene in the Andaman area. J. Asian Earth Sci. 25, p. 95-107. (Late Eocene Namunagarh Grit clastics of S Andaman island mainly immature, locally pebbly greywacke sandstones. Abundant juvenile vesiculated fragments, pumice clasts, etc., suggest pyroclastic origin. Coarsegrained facies emplaced as debris flows, finer-grained facies turbidites, deposited in forearc environment on accretionary complex. Derived from andesitic arc volcanoes on W margin of Burma–Malaya continent in Eocene-Oligocene, indicating active subduction) Bandopadhyay P.C. (2012)- Re-interpretation of the age and environment of deposition of Paleogene turbidites in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Western Sunda Arc. J. Asian Earth Sci. 45, 2, p. 126-137. (Andaman Flysch in different areas deposited in different tectonic and sedimentary environments and at different times: Late Paleocene in N Andaman, Oligocene in S Andaman) Bandopadhyay, P.C., U. Chakrabarti & A. Roy (2009)- First report of trace fossils from Palaeogene succession (Namunagarh grit) of Andaman and Nicobar islands. J. Gel. Soc. India 73, 2, p. 261-267. (Eocene submarine fan deposits of S Andaman islands with Thalassinoides, Teichichnus and Lorenzinia) Bandopadhyay, P.C. & M. Ghosh (1998)- Facies, petrology and depositional environment of the Tertiary sedimentary rocks, around Port Blair, South Andaman. J. Geol. Soc. India 52, p. 53-66. Bandopadhyay S., M.R. Subramanyam & N. Sharam (1973)- The geology and mineral resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Geol. Survey of India, Records 105, 2, p. 25-68. Banghar, A.R. (1987)- Seismo-tectonics of the Andaman - Nicobar Islands. Tectonophysics 133, p. 95-104. Bawden, M. (2011)- Andaman Sea Basin, India: hydrocarbon prospectivity from newly reprocessed seismic data. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 13, 16p. (Presentation package) Chakraborty, P.P. & P.K. Khan (2009)- Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Andaman-Sumatra subduction margin: current understanding. Island Arc 18, 1, p. 184-200. (Review of Andaman-Sumatra margin. Subduction-related deformation along trench active since Cretaceous. Oblique subduction in N Sumatra-Andaman sector formed sliver plate between subduction zone and rightlateral fault system. Sliver fault, initiated in Eocene. N-S-trending dismembered ophiolite slices of Cretaceous age at different structural levels with Eocene trench-slope sediments, were uplifted and emplaced by E-dipping thrusts to shape outer-arc prism. Strike-slip faults controlled subsidence and development of forearc basins with Oligocene-Pliocene siliciclastic-carbonate sediments. Opening of Andaman Sea back-arc in two phases: early (~11 Ma) stretching and rifting, followed by spreading since 4-5 Ma. Inner-arc volcanism in Andaman region extends to E Miocene. Arc volcanism since Miocene evolution from felsic to basaltic composition) Chakraborty, P.P. & T. Pal (2001)- Anatomy of a submarine fan with detached lobe: Upper Eocene-Oligocene Andaman Flysch Group, Andaman Islands, India. Gondwana Res. 4, 3, p. 477-486. Chakraborty, P.P., T. Pal, G,T, Dutta & K.S. Gupta (1999)- Facies pattern and depositional motif in an immature trench-slope basin, Eocene Mithakhari Group, Middle Andaman, India. J. Geol. Soc. India 53, p. 271284. Chandrasekharam, D., A.P. Santo, B. Capaccioni, O. Vaselli, M. Ayaz Alam, P. Manetti & F. Tassi (2009)Volcanological and petrological evolution of Barren Island (Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean). J. Asian Earth Sci. 35, p. 469-487. (Barren Island active volcano) Cochran, J.R. (2010)- Morphology and tectonics of the Andaman Forearc, northeastern Indian Ocean. Geophys. J. Int. 182, 2, p. 631-651.


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(Description of Andaman Sea accretionary prism and outer arc ridge, a series of forearc basins and major N–S faults, developed as result of highly oblique subduction at W Sunda Trench) Curray, J.R. (1999)- A new look at present tectonics and opening history of the Andaman Sea. AAPG Bull. 83, 13 (Supplement), p. (Abstract only) (Andaman Sea active backarc basin behind Sunda subduction. Oblique convergence formed sliver plate between subduction zone and right lateral fault system after Oligocene. Eocene India- Asia hard collision started rotation and bending of W Sunda Arc. Sliver faulting started in Oligocene on W Andaman fault from off Sumatra through Andaman Sea into Sagaing fault. Late Oligocene Mergui Basin opening by extension of continental crust. E Miocene/ 25 Ma, backarc spreading started forming sea floor which became Alcock and Sewell Rises. From M Miocene/~15 Ma, these features separated from continental slope C Andaman Basin) Curray, J.R. (2005)- Tectonics and history of the Andaman Sea region. J. Asian Earth Sci. 25, p. 187-232. Curray, J.R., F.J. Emmel & D.G. Moore (2003)- The Bengal Fan: morphology, geometry, stratigraphy, history and processes. Marine Petrol. Geol. 19, p.1191-1223. Curray, J., F.J. Emmel, D.G. Moore & R.W. Raitt (1982)- Structure, tectonics and geological history of the northeastern Indian Ocean. In: A.E. Nairn & F.G. Stehli (eds.) The ocean basins and margins 6, The Indian Ocean, Plenum Press, New York, p. 399- 450. (Study of areas around Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Sunda Arc off Sumatra and W Java) Curray, J.R., D.G. Moore, L.A. Lawver, F.J. Emmel, R.W. Raitt, M. Henry & R. Kieckhefer (1979)- Tectonics of the Andaman Sea and Burma. In: Geological and geophysical investigations of continental margins, AAPG Mem. 29, p. 189-198. Curray, J.R. & T. Munasinghe (1989)- Timing of intraplate deformation, northeastern Indian Ocean. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 94, p. 71-77. (Seismic stratigraphy and deep sea drilling demonstrated two unconformities (E Eocene and latest Miocene age) can be traced over much of NE Indian Ocean. Eocene event major hiatus in sedimentation following collision of India with Asia. Miocene event was onset of N-Sh compression in Indian plate during rapid uplift in Tibet and Himalayas) Dasgupta, S. & M. Mukhopadhyay (1993)- Seismicity and plate deformation below the Andaman arc, northeastern Indian ocean, Tectonophysics 225, p. 529-542. Dasgupta, S., M. Mukhopadhyay, A. Bhattacharya & T.K. Jana (2003)- The geometry of the BurmeseAndaman subducting lithosphere. J. Seismol. 7, p. 155-174. Eguchi, T., S. Uyeda & T. Maki (1979)- Seismotectonics and tectonic history of the Andaman Sea. Tectonophysics 57, p. 35-51. Gee, E.R. (1926)- The geology of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Records Geol. Survey India 59, 2, p. 208232. (Middle Andaman island core of serpentinites-peridotites, covered by Eocene sediments. Both island groups similar) Gokarn, S.G., G. Gupta,S. Dutta & N. Hazarika (2006)- Geoelectric structure in the Andaman Islands using magnetotelluric studies. Earth, Planets and Space 58, 2, p.259-264. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (Magnetotelluric studies over M Andaman islands delineated a NNE-SSW trending suture, along which 4-10km thick Andaman flysch and underlying igneous crust subduct W-wards along thrust with dip angle of ~60◦) Guha, D.K. (1968)- On the Ostracoda from Neogene of Andaman Islands. J. Geol. Soc. India 9, 1, p. 58-66.


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Guzman-Speziale, M. & J.F. Ni (1993)- The opening of the Andaman Sea- where is the short-term displacement being taken up. Geoph. Res. Lett. 20, 24, p. 2949-2952. Guzman-Speziale, M. & J.F. Ni (1996)- Seismicity and active tectonics of the Western Sunda Arc. In: A. Yin & T.M. Harrison (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Asia, Cambridge University, p. 63-84. Haldar, D. (1984)- Some aspects of the Andaman ophiolite complex. Rec. Geol. Surv. India 115, 2, p. 1-11. Harding, T.P. (1983)- Divergent wrench fault and negative flower structure, Andaman Sea. In: A.W. Bally (ed.) Seismic expression of structural styles: a picture and work atlas, AAPG Studies Geol. 15, 3, p. 1-8. Imbus, S.W., F.H. Wind & D. Ephraim (1999)- Origin and occurrence of CO2 in the eastern Andaman Sea, offshore Myanmar. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 99-111. (Middle Miocene gas accumulations in E Andaman Sea have 10-90% C02. Gas composition and isotopes indicate crustal(3He/4He), principally inorganic (d13C > -10) origin for Miocene C02. In Plio- Pleistocene prospects CO2 may be less, due to Late Miocene calcareous shale seal/ source rock) Jafri, S.H., V. Balaram & P.K. Govil (1993)- Depositional environments of Cretaceous radiolarian cherts from Andaman-Nicobar Islands, northeastern Indian Ocean. Marine Geol. 112, p. 291-301. (Cretaceous radiolarian cherts associated with pillow basalts, ultramafic rocks and turbidites in outer arc of Andaman- Nicobar Islands. Tuffaceous radiolarian claystones derived from mixed continental-basaltic source, close to continental margins, bedded radiolarian argillaceous cherts derived from distal continental source in hemipelagic environment. Radiolarian chert sequences scraped off subducting Indian plate and now part of Andaman-Nicobar ophiolite complex) Jafri, S.H., S.N. Charan & P.K. Govil (1995)- Plagiogranite from the Andaman ophiolite belt, Bay of Bengal, India. J. Geol. Soc. London 152, p. 681-687. (Plagiogranites on E margin of South Andaman intrude gabbros associated with pillow basalt, East Coast volcanic rocks, radiolarian cherts, conglomerate and grit. Plagiogranite intruded gabbro of Andaman ophiolite probably in Mid-Eocene (subsequent zircon dating suggest ~mid Cretaceous 93 Ma age; HvG)) Jafri, S.H., M.V. Subba Rao & S.L. Ramesh (2006)- Occurrence of ash beds in radiolarian cherts from South Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal, India: Evidence for Late Cretaceous explosive volcanism. Current Sci. 91, 12, p. 1614-1615. (Ash layers in radiolarian cherts in S Andaman Island suggests Late Cretaceous explosive volcanic activity) Jintasaeranee, P., W. Weinrebe, I. Klaucke, A. Snidvongs & E.R. Flueh (2012)- Morphology of the Andaman outer shelf and upper slope of the Thai exclusive economic zone. J. Asian Earth Sci. 46, p.78-85. (Detailed bathymetry and subbottom profiler recordsof outer shelf and upper slope of Thai exclusive economic zone) Karunakaran, C., M.B. Pawde, V.K. Raina, K.K. Ray & S.S. Saha (1964)- Geology of South Andaman Island, India. Repts. 22nd Int. Geol. Congress, New Delhi 1964, 11, p. 79-100. Karunakaran, C., K.K. Ray & S.S. Saha (1964)- A new probe into the tectonic history of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Repts. 22nd Int. Geol. Congress, New Delhi 1964, 4, p. 507-515. Karunakaran, C., K.K. Ray & S.S. Saha (1964)- Sedimentary environment of the formation of the Andaman flysch, Andaman Islands, India. Repts. 22nd Int. Geol. Congress, New Delhi 1964, 15, p. 226-232. Karunakaran, C., K.K. Ray & S.S. Saha (1968)- Tertiary sedimentation in the Andaman-Nicobar geosyncline. J. Geol. Soc. India 9, p. 32-39.


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Karunakaran, C., K.K. Ray, C.R. Sen, S.S. Saha & S.K. Sarkar (1975)- Geology of Great Nicobar island. J. Geol. Soc. India 16, 2, p. 135-142. Khan, P.K. & P.P. Chakraborty (2005)- Two phase opening of Andaman Sea; a new seismotectonic insight. Earth Planet Sci Lett 229, 3-4, p. 259-271. (Reconstruction of Benioff zone for Burma-Java subduction margin between 2°-17° N reveals two episodes of plate geometry change, expressed as abrupt change in subduction angle. Deformation events on subducting Indian plate 4-5 and 11 Ma old. 11 Ma event recorded from S part of area correlated with early stretching and rifting phase, 4-5 Ma event interpreted as major forcing behind spreading phase of Andaman Sea. Initial Andaman Sea opening concealed in E-M Miocene forearc subsidence history. Late Miocene-Pliocene pullapart opening and spreading possibly initiated near W part of Mergui- Sumatra region) Khin, A.J. (1990)- The geology of the Andaman Sea basin. Proc. SEAPEX 9 Conf., p. 81-88. Kumar, S. (1981)- Geodynamics of Burma and Andaman-Nicobar Region, on the basis of tectonic stresses and regional seismicity. Tectonophysics 79, p. 75-95. Ling, H.Y., R. Chandra & S.G. Karkare (2006)- Tectonic significance of Eocene and Cretaceous radiolaria from South Andaman Island, Northeast Indian Ocean. In: A. Yao et al. (eds.) Proc. INTERRAD VII Conf., Island arc 5, 2, p. 166-179. (M Eocene) and Campanian radiolarian faunas from basement rocks of SE South Andaman Island affirm Paleocene- E Eocene sedimentological hiatus) Ling, H.Y., V. Sharma, S. Sing, D. Mazumdar & A.K. Mahapatra (1995)- Cretaceous and Middle Eocene radiolarian from ejected sediments of mud volcanoes of Baratang Island in the Andaman Sea. J. Geol. Soc. India 38, p. 463-469. Liu C.S., J.R. Curray & J.M. McDonald (1983)- New constraints on the tectonic evolution of the eastern Indian Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 65, p. 331-342. (Magnetic anomalies suggest fossil spreading ridge beneath Nicobar Fan in NW Wharton Basin, which was part of plate boundary between Indian and Australian plates and ceased spreading shortly after anomaly 20 (45.6 Ma). Indian, Australian, and Antarctic plates were moving relative to one another from about 90 to 45 Ma. At anomaly 19 time (45 Ma) Australia and India became single plate) Makar, P.S. et al. (1984)- Geochemical studies of fine-grained sediments of offshore Andaman wells for evaluation of hydrocarbon source potential. Petroleum Asia J. 6, 4, p.175-185. Misra, T.C. & T.K. Roy (1984)- Exploration in Andaman forearc basin: its evaluation, facies trend and prospects- a review. Proc. 5th Offshore South East Asia Conf. (OFFSEA 84), Singapore 1984, South East Asia Petroleum Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX), p. 4-66- 4-83. (Andaman Sea forearc basin with subduction complex accretionary prisms and ponded Neogene sediments. Oldest exposed rocks in Andaman Islands Upper Cretaceous oceanic sediments with radiolarian chert, overlain by Upper Cretaceous- Oligocene greywacke turbidites. Late Oligocene unconformity followed by Neogene clastics and carbonates. Low heatflow) Mohan, K., S.G.V. Dangwal, S. Sengupta & A.G. Desai (2006)- Andaman Basin- a future exploration target. The Leading Edge 25, 8, p. 964-967. (Summary of Andaman Sea evolution and exploration potential) Mukhopadhyay, M. (1984)- Seismotectonics of subduction and back-arc thrusting under the Andaman Sea. Tectonophysics 108, p. 229-239.


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Mukhopadhyay, M., P.P. Chakraborty & S. Paul (2003)- Facies clustering in turbidite successions: case study from Andaman flysch group, Andaman Islands, India. Gondwana Res. 6, p. 918-925. Nakanart, A. & N. Mantajit (1983)- Stratigraphic correlation of the Andaman Sea. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Thailand, Bangkok 1983, p. 171-177. Padmakumari, V.M. & S.M. Ahmad (2004)- Ash layer at ~ 8 Ma in ODP Site 758 from the Bay of Bengal: evidence from Sr, Nd isotopic compositions and rare earth elements. Current Sci. 86, 9, p. 1323-1325. (Late Miocene volcanic ash layer in deep marine sediments of N Indian Ocean ODP Site 758 dated at ~8.2 Ma, compositionally similar to Toba tuffs and probably derived from Indonesian arc) Pal, T. & A. Bhattacharya (2010)- Greenschist-facies sub-ophiolitic metamorphic rocks of Andaman Islands, Burma- Java subduction complex. J. Asian Earth Sci., p. 39, 6, p. 804-814. (Greenschist facies metabasics (actinolite schist) and metasediments (garnetiferous quartzo-feldspathic mica– chlorite schist, etc.) at sole of ophiolite slices and as blocks in melange zone under Andaman ophiolite. Top part of subducting slab and overlying trench sediments metamorphosed and dislocated by thrusts in accretionary prism. Metamorphism and uplift of metamorphic rocks with ophiolite slices between Cretaceous and Oligocene, later than emplacement of ophiolites of Sumatra and Java) Pal, T., P.P. Chakraborty, T.D. Gupta & C.D. Singh (2003)- Geodynamic evolution of the outer-arc-forearc belt in the Andaman islands, the central part of the Burma-Java subduction complex. Geol. Mag. 140, 3, p. 289-307. (Andaman Islands, part of Burma–Java subduction complex, expose outer-arc accretionary prism and forearc Oligocene-Pliocene turbidites. N-S-trending dismembered ophiolite slices of Cretaceous age at different levels with Eocene trench-slope sediments, uplifted and emplaced by E-dipping thrusts. Metapelites and metabasics of greenschist to amphibolite grade in melange zone of ophiolites. Eocene Mithakhari Group represents pelagic trench sediments and clastics derived from ophiolites. Eocene sediment deposited in isolated basins of immature trench-slope setting. Deposition of Oligocene Andaman Flysch Group in forearc setting. MioPliocene Archipelago Group siliciclastic turbidites and subaqueous pyroclastic flow deposits in lower part and carbonate turbidites in upper part, suggesting deposition in shallower forearc compared to Oligocene) Pal, T., T.D. Gupta, P.P. Chakraborty, & S.C.D. Gupta (2005)- Pyroclastic deposits of Mio-Pliocene age in the Arakan Yoma- Andaman- Java subduction complex, Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, India. Geochem. J. 39, p. 69-82. (online at: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/GJ/pdf/3901/39010069.pdf) (400m thick Archipelago Group Mio-Pliocene sequence of bedded tuff alternating with non-volcanogenic turbidites on Andaman Islands, overlying Andaman Flysch. Interpreted as tuffs from subaerial eruptions that landed in water and behaved as cold subaqueous flow. No lithic volcanic fragments. Origin of Andaman tuffs in convergent margin) Pal, T., S.K. Mitra, S. Sengupta, A. Katari , P.C. Bandopadhyay et al. (2007)-Dacite-andesites of Narcondam Volcano in the Andaman Sea; an imprint of magma mixing in the inner arc of the Andaman-Java subduction system. J. Volcan. Geoth. Res. 168, p. 93-113. (Narcondam volcano along with active Barren volcano lies in chain of inner arc volcanoes extending from Burma to Indonesia. Dacite, amphibole-andesite, and andesite are products of magma mixing) Pandey, J., R.P. Agarwal, A. Dave, A. Maithani, K.B. Trivedi, A.K. Srivastava & D.N. Singh (1992)- Geology of Andaman. Bull. Oil. Nat. Gas Comm. 29, 2, p. 19-103. (ONGC review of geology and stratigraphy of Andaman Islands) Pedersen, R.B., M.P. Searle, A. Carter & P.C. Bandopadhyay (2010)- U-Pb zircon age of the Andaman ophiolite: implications for the beginning of subduction beneath the Andaman-Sumatra arc. J. Geol. Soc.,London, 167, p. 1105-1112. (Andaman ophiolite complex forms basement of Andaman Islands. U-Pb zircon dating of trondhjemitic in S Andaman Island gave age of 95 Ma. Andaman volcanic arc was built on Cenomanian ophiolite-oceanic crust and subduction was initiated at this time along Tethys, from Cyprus through Oman to Andaman Islands)


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Peter, G., L.A. Weeks & R.E. Burns (1966)- A reconnaissance geophysical survey in the Andaman sea and across the Andaman Nicobar island arc. J. Geophys. Res. 71, 2, p. 495-509. Polachan, S. (1988)- The geological evolution of the Mergui Basin, S.E. Andaman Sea, Thailand. Ph.D.Thesis Univ. London, 218 p. Polachan, S. & A. Racey (1993)- Lower Miocene larger foraminifera and petroleum potential of the Tai Formation, Mergui Group, Andaman Sea. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, 1-4, p. 487-496. (Tai Fm rests unconformably on pre-Late Eocene quartz-chlorite schist basement in Central High region of Mergui Basin. Three units at type locality: basal anhydrite, dolomite, shale and sandstone; middle coral/algal reefal limestones, and upper unit of calcarenites interbedded with silty shales and sandstones. Middle and upper units with Lepidocyclina (N.) japonica, Spiroclypeus yabeii, Miogypsina, Miogypsinoides, etc. Range Upper Oligocene- M Miocene (looks more like Early Miocene, Upper Te; HvG) Polachan, S. & A. Racey (1994)- Stratigraphy of the Mergui Basin, Andaman Sea: implications for petroleum exploration. J. Petrol. Geol. 17, 4, p. 373-406. Raju, K.A.K., T. Ramprasad, P.S. Rao, B.R. Rao & J. Varghese (2004)- New insights into the tectonic evolution of the Andaman basin, northeast Indian Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 221, p. 145-162. (Seafloor spreading in Andaman backarc basin started at ~4 Ma, rather than 11 Ma postulated previously. Extrusive tectonics prompted extension and rifting along plane joining Sagaing and Semengko fault systems. Seafloor spreading in past 4 Myr resulted in formation of deep Andaman backarc basin. This phase has also experienced westward propagation of spreading center) Raju, K.A.K., D. Ray, A. Mudholkar, G.P.S. Murty, V.K. Gahalaut, K. Samudrala et al. (2012)- Tectonic and volcanic implications of a cratered seamount off Nicobar Island, Andaman Sea. J. Asian Earth Sci. , p. (in press) (First documentation of submarine arc-volcanism in Andaman Sea, E of Nicobar Island) Ray, K.K. (1982)- A review of the geology of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Geol. Survey India, Misc. Publ. 42, 2, p.110-125. Ray, K.K. (1985)- East coast volcanics- a new suite in the ophiolite of Andaman Islands. Rec. Geol. Surv. India 116, 2, p. 83-87. Rodolfo, K.S. (1969)- Sediments of the Andaman basin, Northeastern Indian Ocean. Marine Geol. 7, p. 371402. Rodolfo, K.S. (1969)- Bathymetry and marine geology of the Andaman Basin and tectonic implications for Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 80, p. 1203-1230. (Andaman Sea Basin large rhombochasm formed by Late Miocene- Recent rifting. E margin is Malay continental margin, composed of Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks with thin Cenozoic sediment veneer. W boundary is Andaman-Nicobar Ridge, with U Cretaceous serpentinite-ophiolite-radiolarite core overlain by >3000 m Paleocene-Miocene graywackes and shales. In-between are C Andaman Trough, two 220 km long elongate basaltic seamounts and system of rift valleys and smaller volcanic seamounts. Maximum depths of Andaman Basin 4400 m. Sediments in Central Trough 1.5 km thick) Roy, D.K., K.K. Ray, T.C. Lahari, S.K. Acharyya & M.K. Sen (1988)- Nature of occurrence, age and depositional environments of the oceanic pelagic sediments associated with the ophiolite assemblage from South Andaman Islands, India. Indian Minerals 42, p. 31-56. Roy, S.K. (1992)- Accretionary prism in Andaman forearc. Geol. Survey India, Spec. Publ. 29, p. 273-278.


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Roy, S.K. & S.D. Sharma (1993)- Evolution of Andaman forearc basin and its hydrocarbon potential. Proc 2nd Seminar on Petroliferous Basins of India, 1, p. 407-435. Roy, T.K. (1983)- Geology and hydrocarbon prospects of Andaman-Nicobar Basin. In: L.L. Bhandari et al. (eds.) Petroliferous basins of India, Petroleum Asia J. 6, 4,, p. 37-65. Sarma, D.S., S.H. Jafri, I.R. Fletcher & N.J. McNaughton (2010)- Constraints on the tectonic setting of the Andaman ophiolites, Bay of Bengal, India, from SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of plagiogranite. J. Geol. 118, p. 691-697. (U-Pb dating of zircons from plagiogranite intruded in gabbro of Andaman ophiolites and East Coast Volcanics yielded mean age of ~93 Ma, interpreted as age of crystallization. Ophiolitic rocks must be older and were most likely obducted onto leading edge of Eurasian continent in Early Cretaceous) Sastri, V.V. & T.S. Bedi (1962)- On the occurrence of Miogypsina, Cycloclypeus, Orbulina in the Miocene of the Andaman islands. Current Sci. India 31, p. 20-21. (Brief communication reporting first finding of M Miocene foram association of Miogypsina and Orbulina in calcerous sandstones of Strait and Nicholson Islands, Middle and South Andamant Islands) Scaife, S. & A. Billings (2010)- Offshore exploration of the Andaman Sea, GEO ExPro 7, 5, p. (Brief regional overview based on reprocessing of 1982-2001 seismic in Andaman Sea, E of Andaman islands. 13 wells in basin, only one (AN 1-1) flowed gas from Miocene limestone) Scaife, S. & A. Billings & R. Spoors (2010)- A re-evaluation of vintage Andaman offshore seismic datasets, Proc. GEO-India, New Delhi 2011, AAPG Search and Discovery #10322, 5p. (Extended Abstract) (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2011/10322scaife/ndx_scaife.pdf) Sharma, V., S. Singh & N. Rawal (1999)- Early Middle Miocene Radiolaria from Nicobar Islands, Northeast Indian Ocean. Micropaleontology 45, 3, p. 251-277. (Neogene of Andaman and Nicobar Islands deep water marine facies rich in Radiolaria. Nicobar islands Nancowry and Kamorta moderately rich radiolarian assemblages studied here, with 120 species belonging to the Dorcadospyris alata Zone (about 15-13 Ma) Singh, O.P., S.M. Subramanya & V. Sharma (2000)- Early Neogene multiple microfossil biostratigraphy, John Lawrence island, Andaman Sea. Micropaleontology 46, p. 343-352. Srinivasan, M.S. (1980)- Early Neogene volcanism in Southeast Asia: evidence of ash beds from AndamanNicobar. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 21, p. 227-234. Srinivasan, M.S. (1984)- The Neogene of Andaman Nicobar. In: N. Ikebe & R. Tsuchi (eds.) Pacific Neogene datum planes, Univ. of Tokyo Press, p. 203-207. Srinivasan, M.S. (1986)- Neogene reference sections of Andaman-Nicobar: their bearing on volcanism, seafloor tectonism and global sea-level changes. In: N.C. Ghose & S. Varadarajan (eds.) Ophiolites and Indian Plate margin, p. 295-308. Srinivasan, M.S. (1988)- Late Cenozoic sequences of Andaman-Nicobar islands; their regional significance and correlation. Indian J. Geol. 60, 1, p. 11-34. Srinivasan, M.S. & R.J. Azmi (1979)- Correlation of late Cenozoic marine sections in Andaman-Nicobar, northern Indian Ocean and the equatorial Pacific. J. Paleontology 53, p. 1401-1415. Srinivasan, M.S. & A. Dave (1984)- Neogene sequences of Long Island: their bearing on the Late Miocene paleoceanography of the Andaman Sea. In: R.M. Badva et al. (eds.), Proc. 10th Indian Coll. Micropaleontology and Stratigraphy, Pune 1982, p. 433-444.


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Srinivasan, M.S. & V. Sharma (1973)- Stratigraphy and microfauna of Car-Nicobar, Bay of Bengal. J. Geol. Soc. India 14, 1, p. 1-11. Srinivasan, M.S. & S.S. Srivastava (1975)- Late Neogene biostratigraphy and planktonic foraminifera of Andaman Nicobar islands, Bay of Bengal. In: Late Neogene epoch boundaries, Micropaleontology, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 124-161. Subrahmanyama, C., R. Gireesh, S. Chand, K.A. Kamesh Raju & D. Gopala Rao (2008)- Geophysical characteristics of the Ninetyeast Ridge-Andaman island arc/trench convergent zone. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 266, p. 29-45. (Ninetyeast Ridge strongly positive gravity anomalies and causing prominent break in continuity of gravity low of Andaman island arc trench. NER is at starting phase of collision with island arc and may not have started affecting subduction process itself) Tipper, G.H. (1911)- Geology of the Andaman Islands. Mem. Geol. Surv. India 35, p. 195-222. Venkatesan, M.I., E. Ruth, P.S. Rao, B.N. Nath & B.R. Rao (2003)- Hydrothermal petroleum in the sediments of the Andaman Backarc Basin, Indian Ocean. Applied Geochem. 18, 6, p. 845-861. (Recent sediment cores of Andaman Basin between Andaman Nicobar islands and Malay Peninsula analyzed for biomarkes. Hydrocarbons of hydrothermal origin present, derived from predominantly marine organic matter with some terrestrial input. Thermal maturity of bitumen comparable to or lower than that of other hydrothermal regions such N Juan de Fuca Ridge, Guaymas Basin and Escanaba Trough) Verma, R.K., M. Mukhopadhyay & N.C. Bhuin (1979)- Seismicity, gravity and tectonics in the Andaman Sea. In: S. Uyeda, R.W. Murphy & K. Kobayashi (eds.) Geodynamics of the Western Pacific, Proc. Int. Conf. Geodynamics of the Western Pacific- Indonesian Region, J. Physics Earth 26, Suppl., p. 233-248. (Early paper documenting active subduction zone of the Indian Ocean Plate under Andaman Sea Basin) Weeks, L. A., R.N. Harbison & G. Peter (1967)- The island arc system in Andaman Sea. AAPG Bull. 51, 9, p. 1803-1815. (Early sparker survey in Andaman Sea delineated continuation to N of Sumatra volcanic arc system over 1100 km (foredeep, outer sedimentary island arc, inner volcanic arc with rift valley and backdeep))


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IX.2. Malay Peninsula, Malay Basin, Gulf of Thailand Abdul Jalil M. & Mohd. Jamal Hoesni (1992)- Possible source for the Tembungo oils: evidences from biomarker fingerprints. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 213-232. Abdul Jalil M. & A.S.A. Jamil (2010)- Organic facies variation in lacustrine source rocks in the southern Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 56, p. 27-33. (On source rock quality of Oligocene lacustrine shales in Groups K, L, M in S Malay Basin Anding Barat Laut 1 well. Kerogens mixture of algal, bacterial and higher plant organic matter. Group L lacustrine shales best oil-prone source rock with TOC 0.45-1.95%, HI values 300-400, predominantly Type II kerogen. Groups L- M more algal input, shown by lower Pr/Ph ratio (3.1- 4.0), lower Tm/Ts ratio, high C30-diahopane, etc.. E Miocene Group K more fluvial, more terrigenous organics, higher Pr/Ph ratio (5.1- 6.2), higher oleanane, predominance of C29-steranes. Change in organic facies reflect transition from synrift to post-rift phase) Abdullah, I. (2004)- On the presence of pre-Carboniferous metasediments in the Eastern Belt: a structural view. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 49, p. 79-84. (Oldest rocks of Peninsular Malaysia E Belt Carboniferous in low-grade metaclastics, unconformably overlain by Late Permian continental deposits with plants, intruded by Permo-Carboniferous mafic- intermediate igneous rocks, followed by Late Permian-E Triassic biotite granite, Late Triassic granite and JurassicCretaceous dolerite dykes. Most metasediments two episodes of folding. In certain areas three generations of folding, the older phase probably developed in mid- Devonian) Abdullah, N.T. (2009)- Mesozoic stratigraphy. In: C. S. Hutchison, & D. N. K. Tan (eds.) Geology of Peninsular Malaysia. University of Malaya and Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p. 87-131. Achalabhuti, C. (1976)- Petroleum Geology of Thailand (Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea)-summary: hydrocarbons. In: Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources, AAPG Spec. Vol. M25, p. 251-255. Achalabhuti, C. (1981)- Natural gas deposits of Gulf of Thailand. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Energy Resources of the Pacific Region, AAPG Spec. Vol. SG 12, p. 155-166. (Two commercial gas-condensate fields with reserves up to 5 TCF found in Union Oil Block 12 and Texas Pacific's concession block 15 and block 16. Union field in S Pattani trough, Texas Pacific field in N part Malay basin. Several gas-condensate reservoirs identified in E-M Miocene deltaic sandstones) Achalabhuti, C. (1981)- Offshore hydrocarbon production and potential of Thailand. Proc. EAPI/CCOP Workshop, Energy 6, 11, p. 1247-1254. (Four commercial gas/condensate fields in the Gulf of Thailand with total gas reserves > 7 TCF. Small amounts of crude oil also encountered. Continental woody material primary source, minor components from marine algae. In Andaman Sea Tertiary source beds are mainly immature) Agematsu, S., K. Sashida & A.B. Ibrahim (2008)- Biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of Middle and Late Ordovician conodonts from the Langkawi Islands, northern peninsular Malaysia. J. Paleont. 82, p. 957-973. Alterman W., N.A. Harbury, M.E. Jones, M.G. Audley-Charles, K.R. Mohamed & I. Metcalfe (1991)Discussion on structural evolution of Mesozoic Peninsular Malaysia. J. Geol. Soc., London 148, p. 417-419. (Discusssion of Harbury, Jones et al. (1990) paper and replies. Mainly on age of Raub Bentong suture) Anaschinda, P. (1978)- Tin mineralization in the Burmese-Malayan Peninsula- a plate tectonic model. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA III, Bangkok 1978, p. 293-299. Anderson, A., N.A. Holmes & C. Morphy (1994)- A summary of the biostratigraphy and biofacies for the Tertiary sequence, Gulf of Thailand. In: P. Angsuwathana et al. (eds.), Proc. Int. Symp. Stratigraphic correlation of Southeast Asia, Bangkok, p. 392-395.


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Armitage, J.H. & C. Viotti (1977)- Stratigraphic nomenclature- Southern end Malay Basin. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.1, p. 69-94. Armitage, J.H. (1980)- A decade of exploration and development by EPMI off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. OFFSEA 80 preprint, 51p. Asama, K. (1973)- Lower Carboniferous Kuantan Flora, Pahang, West Malaysia. In: Geology and Paleontology of Southeast Asia 11, p. 109-118. (Carboniferous flora from near Kuantan, East coast Malay Peninsula) Aw, P.C. (1990)- Geology and mineral resources of the Sungai Aring Area, Kelantan Darul Naim. Geol. Survey Malaysia District Mem. 21, 116 p. Aziz Ali, C., M.S. Leman & K.R. Mohamed (2004)- Fasies karbonat dan diagenesis di dalam batu kapur Bukit Biwah dan Bukit Taat, Kenyir, Ulu Terengganu. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 49, p. (Middle Permian shallow marine limestones in Terengganu province, NE Malay Peninsula) Basu ,T., M. Claverie, D. Nolan, K.B. Yahya & M. Suleiman (2004)- Facies analysis; integration of core and log data using a neural network as input for reservoir modeling in Betty Field, Malaysia. The Leading Edge 23, 8, p. 794-797. Beng, Y.E. (2001)- The prospects for hardrock gold and tin deposits in Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh et al. (ed.) Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Annual Geol Conf. 14, Kuala Lumpur 2000, p. 325-332. (Tin and gold mineralization in Peninsular Malaysia in parallel belts, related to tectonic setting. Tin in W and E belts of Peninsular Malaysia mined using hardrock and alluvial mining technologies. Gold mineralization in Peninsular Malaysia dominated by Mesozoic mesothermal veins hosted in folded and metamorphosed Paleozoic- Triassic. Primary gold mineralization in 4 distinct N-S belts. Gold mineralization in Bau, Sarawak, epithermal Au-Ag-As-Sb-Pb-S vein type, associated with Miocene dacitic intrusives. Sabah, gold commercially produced from mall Mamut Cu-Au porphyry deposit, genetically related to Kinabalu granodiorite-diorite) Bishop, M.G. (2002)- Petroleum systems of the Malay Basin Province, Malaysia. US Geol. Survey, Open File Report 99-50T, 24 p. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0050/OF99-50T/OF99-50T.pdf) (Discovered hydrocarbon reserves in Tertiary Malay Basin 12 billion BOE. USGS assessment of potential added conventional oil, gas and condensate by 2025 is 6.3 BBOE) Brami, J.B. & M.Y. Muhaiyuddin (1984)- History and geology of the Tinggi Field, offshore Peninsular Malaysia. SEAPEX 5th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1984, p. 4-1- 4-13. (Tinggi 1980 oil discovery in J and K sands in small E-W trending anticline in Malay basin) Brown, A.R., C.G. Dahm, R.J. Graebner (1981)- A stratigraphic case history using three-dimensional seismic data in the Gulf of Thailand. Geophys. Prospecting 29, 3, p. 327-349. (Early paper on use of 3D seismic. Improved fault resolution and structural definition of gas field in Gulf of Thailand and seismic amplitudes used to map distribution of bars and channels Sands >10 m thick mappable) Burton, C.K. (1965)- Wrench Faulting in Malaya. J. Geology 73, 5, p. 781-798. Burton, C.K. (1967)- Dacryoconarid tentaculites in the Mid-Paleozoic euxinic facies of the Malaysian geosyncline. J. Paleontology 42, 2, p. 449-454. (45 localities with fossil tentaculites in NW Malaya. E-M Devonian aspect, but associated with Ordovician trilobites and Lower Silurian graptolites. Malayan tentaculites-bearing black shales in 'miogeosynclinal euxinic facies'. Called Nowakia acuaria and placed in E Devonian (Emsian) by Agematsu et al. 2006; HvG) Burton, C.K. (1967)- Graptolite and tentaculite correlation and palaeogeography of the Silurian and Devonian in the Yunnan- Malayan geosyncline. Trans. Proc. Paleont. Soc. Japan 65, p. 27-6.


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Burton, C.K. (1967)- The Mahang Formation: a mid-Palaeozoic euxinic facies from Malaya- with notes on its conditions of deposition and palaeogeography. Geol. Mijnbouw 46, p. 167-187. Burton, C.K. (1970)- The palaeotectonic status of the Malay Peninsula. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 7, p. 51-60. (Malay Peninsula believed to formerly border the Indian shield, from which it became detached as Gondwanaland disintegrated, with Bay of Bengal a sphenochasm formed by same phase of continental drift) Burton, C.K. (1972)- Outline of the geological evolution of Malaya. J. Geology 80, p. 293-309. (Malaya Peninsula cratonized by Late Triassic orogeny and plutonism and Malaya became part of Sunda Shield. Record starts with Cambrian- Silurian orthoquartzite-carbonate facies. Geosynclinal conditions started in Ordovician, with eugeosynclinal zone in E, miogeosynclinal in W. Ordovician- Lower Devonian euxinic facies passes up into M Devonian- E Carboniferous flysch. M- Late Carboniferous orogeny with granite emplacement. Permian widespread shallow-water limestone. Geosynclinal conditions restored in E Triassic, with tectonic and plutonic activity. Near end-Triassic intensive orogenic-plutonic revolution, finally stabilizing peninsula. Emplacement of late granitic stocks, with tin mineralization. Uplift and warping near end- Mesozoic) Burton, C.K. (1986)- The Baling group/Bannang Sata group of the Malay/Thai Peninsula. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 1, 2, p. 93-106. (Review of stratigraphy of Cambrian- Devonian shelfal marine deposits of NW Malay Peninsula- SW Thailand border area) Burton, C.K. (1988)- Geology and mineral resources of the Bedung area, Kedah, West Malaysia. Geol. Survey of Malaysia, Map Bull. 7, p. 1-103. (Bedung geological map in NW part of Malay Peninsula at scale 1:63,360. Folded Ordovician- Devonian Mahang Fm black shales with graptolites, tentaculites, etc., in NW and Triassic Semanggul Fm flysch-type clastics locally with Daonella or Halobia in E) Bustin, R.M. & A. Chonchawalit (1995)- Formation and tectonic evolution of the Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand. Int. Geol. Review 37, p. 866-892. (Pattani Basin the most prolific petroleum basin in Thailand. E-W extension since E Tertiary resulted in series of N-S-trending sedimentary basins. Sediment succession divisible into Late Eocene- E Miocene non-marine synrift and E-M Miocene and younger shallow amrine- non marine post-rift sequences. Crustal stretching factor (β) varies from 1.3 at basin margin to 2.8 in center. High heat flow (1.9-2.5 HFU) and geothermal gradient (45-60° C/km)) Campi, M.J., G.R. Shi & M.S. Leman (2002)- The Leptodus Shales of central Peninsular Malaysia: distribution, age and palaeobiogeographical affinities. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 6, p. 703-717. (‘Leptodus Shales’ is M Permian argillaceous facies rich in brachiopods in C Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. Sediments often highly tuffaceous and in N Pahang are associated with pyroclastic volcanics of probable island-arc origin. Probably represent deposits on W continental shelf of Eastern Belt/ Indochina Block. Faunas of Palaeo-Equatorial affinity and closest to faunas in Indochina (S China, Cambodia, Japan)) Carson, T.G. & G.G. Phipps (1982)- The exploration applications of seismic DHI analysis in the Malay Basin. OFFSEA 82, 18p Chadwick, R.A., D.W. Holliday & W.J. Rowley (1991)- Thermal history of petroliferous basins of the CCOP region: 1. The northern part of the Gulf of Thailand. British Geol. Survey, Techn. Rept. WC/91/01C, p. 1-86. (online at: http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/international/dfid-kar/WC91001C_col.pdf) Chadwick, R.A., D.W. Holliday & W.J. Rowley (1991)- Thermal history of petroliferous basins of the CCOP region: 1. TheMalay Basin. British Geol. Survey, Techn. Rept. WC/91/02C, p. 1-.


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Chew, H.H. & A.H. Hussein (1986)- Bekok reservoir model study. SEAPEX Proc. 7, p. 87-95. Chonchawalit, A. (1993)- Basin analysis of Tertiary strata in the Pattani Basin Gulf of Thailand. Ph.D. Thesis University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 1-366. (online at: https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/2079) (Stratigraphic-structural evolution of N-S trending Pattani basin in Gulf of Thailand. Up to 10 km of Tertiary sediment fill. Synrift phase 3 units: Late Eocene- E Oligocene alluvial-fluvial deposits, Late Oligocene- E Miocene fluvial and E Miocene mixed marine- non-marine deposits. Post rift succession: E-M Miocene regressive shallow marine- fluvial series, late E Miocene transgressive package and Late Miocene-Pleistocene transgressive package. Organic matter mainly of detrital and continental origin. Modeling suggests main phase of hydrocarbon generaton started around 34 Ma) Chu, Y.S. (1992)- Petrographic and diagenetic studies of the reservoir sandstone of the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 261-283. (Reservoir properties of Late Oligocene-Miocene sandstones of Malay Basin depend on depositional facies, mineralogy and burial diagenesis. Oldest sandstones (Group K) mainly m-grained braided stream deposits, J sandstones f-m brackish- shallow marine; E to I zones sandstones generally fine, matrix-rich estuarine deposits. Clean sands prone to quartz cementation. Secondary porosity generated by dissolution of feldspars, etc.) Chua B.Y. & R. Wong (1997)- Some possible new exploration ideas in the northern and western Malay Basin of Peninsular Malaysia. ASCOPE Proc. 2, p. 177-191. Chua B.Y. (1998)- A decade (1987-1997) of exploration in Malaysia under the 1985 PSC. In: Proc. Offshore SE Asia Conference (OFFSEA 98), p. 109-122. Cocks, L.R.M., R.A. Fortey & C.P. Lee (2005)- A review of Lower and Middle Palaeozoic biostratigraphy in west peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand in its context within the Sibumasu Terrane. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, 6, p. 703-717 (Review of Cambrian- Devonian stratigraphy of S Thailand and NW Peninsular Malaysia (Sibumasu plate)) Creaney, S., A.H. Hussein, D. Curry, K.M. Bohacs & R. Hassan (1994)- Source facies and oil families of the Malay Basin, Malaysia. AAPG Bull. 78, p.1139. (Abstract only) (Malay Basin several petroleum systems with Oligocene- M Miocene non-marine source rocks. Lower Oligocene- Lw Miocene lacustrine-dominated, Lw-M Miocene coastal/delta plain coal-related sources. Two lacustrine sources, with low pristane/phytane ratios, low oleanane, general absence of resin-derived terpanes. Multiple sources in coaly section (pristane/phytane ratios up to 8, very high oleanane, often abundant resinous compounds). All source rocks generally overmature in basin center and immature toward basin margin. Oils low in sulfur. Migration largely strata parallel with little cross-stratal mixing of families) Derksen, S.J. & J. McLean-Hodgson (1988)- Hydrocarbon potential and structural style of continental rifts: examples from East Africa and Southeast Asia. Proc. SEAPEX Conf. 8, p. 47-62. (Includes examples from Malay basin) Fontaine, H. & I. Bin Amnan (1995)- Biostratigraphy of the Kinta Valley, Perak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 38, p. 159-172. Fontaine, H. & I. Bin Amnan (1999)- Carboniferous of Malaysia; biostratigraphy and paleogeography. In: B. Ratanasthien & S.L. Rieb (eds.) Proc. Int. Symposium on Shallow Tethys 5, p. 26-44. Fontaine, H., I.B. Amnan, H.P. Khoo & D. Vachard (1990)- More Triassic foraminifera from Peninsular Malaysia. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 21, p. 73-83. (Anisian smaller benthic foraminifera from Bukit Tunjang limestone quarry, Kedah)


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Fontaine, H., I. Bin Amnan & D. Vachard (1999)- Important discovery of Late Permian limestone in Southern Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. 9th Congr. Geol. Min. Energy Res. SE Asia, GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p.453-460. (Shallow marine limestone outcrop 500 m from granite with well-preserved Tubiphytes, calcispherids, smaller foraminifers, abundant fusulinaceans (including Levenella, Pamirina, Brevaxina, Chalaroschwagerina, etc.), etc., indicate three Late Cisuralian biozones. Rocks of area previously considered Early Carboniferous age ) Fontaine, H., I. Bin Amnan & D. Vachard (2003)- Carboniferous corals from the Kuantan area, Peninsular Malaysia, and associated microfauna: peculiar faunas for Southest Asia and puzzling faunas for stratigraphy. Minerals and Geoscience Dept. Malaysia, Techn. Papers 2, p. 69-99. Fontaine, H., C. Chonglakmani, I. Amnan & S. Piyasin (1994)- A well-defined Permian biogeographic unit: peninsular Thailand and northwest Peninsula Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, p. 129-151. Fontaine, H., C. Chonglakmani, S. Piyasin, B. Amnan Ibrahim & H.P. Khoo (1993)- Triassic limestones within and around the Gulf of Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 83-95. (Presence of Early- Late Triassic limestones at Peninsular Thailand and NW Peninsular Malaysia, formerly all included in Permian. Post Triassic fracturing and karstification ) Fontaine, H., M. Lys & Nguyen Duc Tien (1988)- Some Permian corals from East Peninsular Malaysia: associated microfossils, palaeogeographic significance. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 2, p. 65-78. (Description of Permian (Kubergandian and U. Murghabian- Lw Midian) corals from E Malay Peninsula. Assemblages of E Peninsula very different, richer and more diverse than NW of Malay Peninsula) Fontaine, H., D. Rodziah & U. Singh (1990)- A Triassic 'reefal' limestone in the basement of the Malay Basin, South China Sea: regional implications. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 1-25. (Sotong 1 well in S part Malay Basin TD in ‘Tethyan’ Late Triassic limestone) Fontaine, H., D. Rodziah & U. Singh (1990)- Discovery of an Upper Triassic limestone basement in the Malay Basin, offshore Peninsular Malaysia: regional implications. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 3, p. 219-232. (same paper as above) Foo Khong Yee (1983)- The Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of Peninsular Malaysia- stratigraphy and correlation. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 1-19. (Paleozoic rocks account for 25% of outcrop of Malay Peninsula. W and NW zones with Lower Paleozoic sediments and conformable Late Cambrian-Permian section. In central and eastern zones of peninsula outcrops of Carboniferous-Permian only) Fujiwara, M. (2009)- Significant erosion during development of the Middle Miocene unconformity and its effect on hydrocarbon generation in the Gulf of Thailand. AAPG Int. Conf. Exh., Rio de Janeiro 2009, Search and Discovery Article 20084, p. 1-9. (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2010/20084fujiwara/ndx_fujiwara.pdf) (>20 oil-gas fields in Pattani Trough rift basin, with up to 7500 m of Tertiary sediment. Source rocks Oligocene lacustrine shales and M Miocene coaly shales. M Miocene Unconformity with ~4500' of erosion at Erawan gas field, based on shale compaction trend and 'paleo-anticline' below MMU, possibly related to 'Himalayan' compressional event in Gulf of Thailand) Fyhn, M.B.W., L.O. Boldreel & L.H. Nielsen (2010)- Escape tectonism in the Gulf of Thailand: Paleogene leftlateral pull-apart rifting in the Vietnamese part of the Malay Basin. Tectonophysics 483, p. 365-376. (Vietnamese part of Malay basin large, deep pull-apart basin formed through M-Late Eocene - Oligocene leftlateral strike-slip along NNW-trending fault zones, likely associated with SE Asian extrusion tectonism. Deep rift widens to S and connects with main Malay Basin. Neogene thermal sag led to thick sediment succession.


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Moderate rifting resumed in E Miocene. Late Neogene basin inversion attributed to 70 km of right-lateral movement across major N-S-trending faults in central part of basin, but not in Vietnamese territory) Fyhn, M.B.W., S.A.S. Pedersen, L.O. Boldreel, L.H. Nielsen, P.F. Green, P.T. Dien, L.T. Huyen & D. Frei (2010)- Palaeocene- early Eocene inversion of the Phuquoc-Kampot Som Basin: SE Asian deformation associated with the suturing of Luconia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 167, 2, p. 281-295. (Phuquoc-Kampot Som Basin, Gulf of Thailand (Cambodia- Vietnam) is Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous foreland basin. Paleocene- E Eocene basin inversion-erosion event associated with Luconia suturing to SE Asia and shutdown of Paleo-Pacific subduction under SE Asia segregated larger Mesozoic basin. Inversion focused along Kampot and Khmer-Chanthaburi fold belts and indicate link between initial SE Asian left-lateral strikeslip faulting and Luconia suturing) Fyhn, M.B.W., H.I. Petersen, A. Mathiesen, L.H. Nielsen S.A.S. Pedersen, S. Lindstrom et al. (2010)Vietnamese sedimentary basins: geological evolution and petroleum potential. Geol. Survey Denmark and Greenland Bull. 20, p. 91-94. (online at: http://www.geus.dk/publications/bull/nr20/nr20_p091-094.pdf) (Basins in Vietnamese part of Gulf of Thailand: (1) Phu Quoc Basin undrilled, 500 km long, N-S trending Late Jurassic- Cretaceous basin, immediately W of a Jurassic-Cretaceous magmatic arc, inverted in Late PaleoceneE Eocene; (2) Tho Chu basin = NE part of Malay Basin) Gazdzicki, A. & O.E. Smith (1977)- Triassic foraminifera from the Malay Peninsula. Acta Geol. Polonica 27, 3, p. 319-332. Gobbett, D.J. (1968)- The Permian system in Malaya. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 1, p. 17-22. (Shallow marine limestones, shales and volcanics represent complete Permian sequence in Malaya. Correlations mainly by fusulinid foraminifera) Gobbett, D.J. & C.S. Hutchison (eds.) (1973)- Geology of the Malay Peninsula. Wiley, New York, 438p. Hada, S. (1966)- Discovery of Early Triassic ammonoids from Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaya. J. Geosciences, Osaka City Univ. 9, 4, p. 111-122. Haile, N.S. (1980)- Palaeomagnetic evidence from the Ordovician and Silurian of northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 48, p. 233-236. (Paleomagmetic work on Ordovician- Silurian Setul Lst of Langkawi Islands, NW Peninsular Malaysia, suggests palaeolatitude of 43°) Haile, N.S., R.D. Beckinsale, K.R. Chakraborty, H.H. Abdul & T. Hardjono (1983)- Paleomagnetism, geochronology and petrology of the dolerite dykes and basaltic flows from Kuantan, West Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 16, p. 71-85. (Cretaceous Kuantan basalt dykes, central E coast Malay Peninsula, K-Ar dated at ~104 Ma. Paleomagnetism study shows suggests about 30° of CCW rotation since mid-Cretaceous) Haile, N.S. & Khoo Han Peng (1980)- Palaeomagnetic measurements on Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks from Peninsular Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 12, p. 75-78. (Paleomagnetic data from 3 sites of U Jurassic- Lw Cretaceous redbeds in Pahang and Johore indicate these areas were ~8° N of present position and rotating clockwise and moving N. Since Late Cretaceous peninsula rotated CCW and moved S to present position) Haile, N.S., P.H. Stauffer, D. Krishnan, T.P. Lim & Ong G.B. (1977)- Palaeozoic redbeds and radiolarian chert: reinterpretation of their relationships in the Bentong and Raub areas, West Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 8, p. 45-60. (Foothils Range in Bentong-Raub area E of Main Range in Pahang composed of 3 rock units: (1) earliest Devonian or older schist, (2) E Devonian chert-argillite with radiolarians and Lower Devonian graptolites and (3) Devonian- E Carboniferous fluvial redbed conglomerate. Also serpentinites in parts of Range)


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Halim, M.F.A. (1994)- Geothermics of the Malayan sedimentary basins. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 163174. Hamada, T. (1969)- Late Paleozoic brachiopods from red beds in the Malayan Peninsula. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia 6, University of Tokyo Press, p. 251-264. Hamada, T. (1984)- Older and Middle Palaeozoic brachiopods of Thailand and Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 183-186. Hamada, T., H. Igo, T. Kobayashi & T. Koike (1975)- Older and Middle Palaeozoic formations and fossils of Thailand and Malaysia. Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 15, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-39. Harbury, N.A., M.E. Jones, M.G. Audley-Charles, I. Metcalfe & K.R. Mohamed (1990)- Structural evolution of Mesozoic Peninsular Malaysia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 147, p. 11-26. (Upper Palaeozoic- Mesozoic of Peninsular Malaysia two important compressional events: Late Permian and mid- to Late Cretaceous. Late Paleozoic compressional event was major orogenic phase with emplacement of Permo-Triassic granite plutons that form eastern and main ranges. No indications of Triassic orogenic compression. Raub-Bentong line was important fault zone active in Mesozoic but is not a major tectonic suture since Late Palaeozoic. Proposed timing of orogenesis questioned by Hutchison & Sivam 1992; HvG) Harun, Z. (2002). Late Mesozoic-Early Tertiary faults of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 45, p. 117-120. Harun, Z. & B. Jasin (2000)- The occurrence of thrusts in north Kedah and Perlis. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Proc. Annual Geol. Conf. 2000, p. 117-120. Harun, Z., B. Jasin, N. Mohsin & A. Azami (2009)- Thrust in the Semanggol Formation, Kuala Ketil, Kedah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 55, p. 61- 66. (N-directed thrusting in Semanggol Fm chert unit . Cherts with late E Permian- M Triassic radiolarians) Haseldonckx, P. (1977)- The geology of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 8, p. 75-87. (Geological reconnaissance of Tekong Island. Oldest rocks folded Lower Triassic? rocks subjected to thermal metamorphism Overlain by Upper Triassic molasses-facies clastics) Hassan, M.H. (2003)- Sedimentology and palaeontology of the Devonian red beds of northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Seminar Penyedelikan Jangka Pedek (Vot G), 4 p. (online at: http://eprints.um.edu.my/691/1/paper144.pdf) (Mid- Late Devonian redbeds throughout Perlis, Kedah and Langkawi islands, probably prodelta deposits) Heward, A.P., S. Chuenbunchom, G. Makel, D. Marsland & L. Spring (2000)- Nang Nuan Field, B6/27, Gulf of Thailand: karst reservoirs of meteoric or deep burial origin? Petroleum Geosc. 6, p. 15-27. Higgs, R. (1999)- Gravity anomalies, subsidence history and the tectonic evolution of the Malay and Penyu Basins (offshore Peninsula Malaysia). Basin Research 11, 3, p. 285-290. (Critical discussion of Madon & Watts 1998 paper, suggesting paleobabthymetry needed to be incorporated and speculating whether there may be two rift intervals in Malay Basin instead of one (possible renewed rifting in Late Miocene) Hill, J.A., D.K.Y. Soo & T. Verriah (1992)- Clay mineralogy in subsurface sandstones of Malaysia and the effects on petrophysical properties. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 15-43.


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Hou, J., T. Takahashi, A. Katoh, S. Jaroonsiththa, K.P. Chumsena & K. Nakayama (2008)- Application of seismic attributes and neural network for sand probability prediction- A case study in the North Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 54, p. 115-121. Hutchison, C.S. (1964)- A gabbro-granodiorite association in Singapore Island. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. 120, p. 283296. (?Jurassic age orogenic granodiorite, part of Thai-Malayan tin-bearing granite belt, intruded into gabbro) Hutchison, C.S. (1977)- Granite emplacement and tectonic subdivision of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 9, p. 187-207 (Large granitic batholiths of mainly Permian and Triassic age characterize Main Range and Eastern Belt of Malay Peninsula. Main Range underlain by continental sialic basement and uplifted since Triassic by several km, Eastern Belt stable since Triassic. Local Late Cretaceous granites, without tin minearalization) Hutchison, C.S. & D.N.K. Tan (eds.) (2009)- The geology of Peninsular Malaysia. Univ. of Malaya and Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 479 p. Hutchison, C.S. & S. P. Sivam (1992)- Discussion on structural evolution of Mesozoic Peninsular Malaysia. J. Geol. Soc. London, 149, 4; p. 679-680. (Dispute conclusions of Harbury et al (1990) proposing pre-Triassic age of 'Indosinian orogeny'. In Peninsular Malaysia and NE Thailand Khorat Basin Late Triassic (Carnian-Norian) flysch unconformable over Late Permian limestones, demonstrating Triassic age of folding) Ibrahim, N.A. & M. Madon (1990)- Depositional environments, diagenesis, and porosity of reservoir sandstones in the Malong Field, offshore West Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 27-55. Ichikawa, K. & E.H. Yin (1966)- Discovery of Early Triassic bivalves from Kelantan, Malaya. J. Geosc., Osaka City University 9, p. 101-106. Idris M.B. & M.S. Azlan (1989)- Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of fusulininids from Bukit Panching, Pahang. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 24, p. 87-99. (Upper Carboniferous Panching Lst with 5 local assemblages of fusulinid larger forams) Igo, H. (1964)- Permian fossils from northern Pahang, Malaya. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 35, p. 57-71. (Description of Permian corals from N Pahang, associated with fusulinids Yabeina, Verbeekina and Sumatrina) Igo, H., S.S. Rajah & F. Kobayashi (1979)- Permian fusulinaceans from the Sungei Sedili area, Johore, Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of S.E. Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 20, p. 95-118. Ishida, K. & F. Hirsch (2011)- The Triassic conodonts of the NW Malayan Kodiang Limestone revisited: taxonomy and paleogeographic significance. Gondwana Res. 19, 1, p. 22-36. (Revision of M - early L Triassic conodonts from NW Malaya Kodiang Lst. Pseudofurnishius murcianus confers S Tethyan low-latitude character to Kodiang Lst, part of Cimmerian string of terranes that in Triassic formed diagonal partition between gradually closing Paleo-Tethys and widening Neo-Tethys, stretching E to Malaya (Shan Thai Terrane), where it collided with Eurasia in Late Triassic, forming Sundaland platform. Jurassic Neo-Tethys ocean extended S of consolidated SE Asia block and Cimmerian terranes) Ishida, K., A. Nanba, F. Hirsch, T. Kozai & A. Meesook (2006)- New micropalaeontological evidence for a Late Triassic Shan-Thai orogeny. Geosciences J. 10, p. 181-194. Ishihara, S. (2008)- Granite series, type and concentration of HREE in the Malay Peninsula Region. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok 2008, p. 31-35. (Reinterpretion of S/I type granites of Permo-Triassic and Cretaceous-Tertiary in Malay Peninsula region)


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Jardine, E. (1997)- Dual petroleum systems governing the prolific Pattani basin, offshore Thailand. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia & Australia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 351-363. Jasin, B. (1991)- Significance of Monodiexodina (Fusulininacea) in geology of Peninsula Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 29, p. 171-181. (Monodiexodina rare genus of Permian fusulinids and restricted to narrow sliver from C Afghanistan in W to Malaysia and Japan in E. In Malaysia present on Sibumasu Block (M. sutschanica and M. shiptoni) and E Malaya Block (M. shiptoni and M. kattaensis)) Jasin, B. (1995)- Occurrence of bedded radiolarian chert in the Kubang Pasu Formation, North Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Warta Geol. 21, 2, p. 73-79. Jasin, B. (1996)- Discovery of Early Permian radiolaria from the Semanggol Formation, Northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Warta Geologi (Geol. Soc. Malaysia) 22, 4, p. 283-287. Jasin, B. (1997)- Permo-Triassic radiolaria from the Semanggol Formation, northwest Peninsular Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 43-53. (32 species of radiolaria from 20 chert samples of Semanggol Fm in N and S Kedah. Early and Late Permian and M Triassic assemblages, indicating chert sequence in Semanggol Fm ranges from E Permian- M Triassic) Jasin, B. (1999)- Significance of radiolarian chert in the northwest zone of Peninsular Malaysia. In: Dynamic stratigraphy and tectonics of Peninsular Malaysia, Second Seminar- The Western Belt and Paleozoic of Peninsular Malaysia and neighbouring areas, p. 1-18. Jasin, B. (2008)- Some Permian radiolarians from Bukit Yoi, Pokok Sena, Kedah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 54, p. 53-58. (A 2m thick chert sequence in Semanggol Fm at N slope of Bukit Yoi, S of Pokok Sena, near Thailand border. Interbedded with siliceous and tuffaceous mudstone. Three E-M Permian radiolarian assemblage zones identified, indicative of late Sakmarian, , Kungurian and Roadian) Jasin, B. (2010)- Warisan geologi Negeri Perlis. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 56, p. 87-93. (online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/GSM_Bulletin/GSM_Bulletin56_Paper13.pdf) ('Geological heritage of Perlis State'. Overview of geology of Perlis province, NW Malay Peninsula and need for protection of sites. 'Sibumasu Blocks' sequence of Cambrian –Triassic sediments, including OrdovicianDevonian Setul Fm with stromatolites, trilobites, graptolites, tentaculites and brachiopods, CarboniferousPermian Kubang Pasu Fm with bivalves, corals, brachiopods, cephalopods and trilobites and E Permian Monodiexodina fusulinid forams (rel. cold water form). Jasin, B. & C.A. Ali (1997)- Lower Permian Radiolaria from the Pos Blau area, Ulu Kelantan, Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 327-337. (22 radiolaria species from 30 m chert sequence in roadcut near Pos Blau, Ulu Kelantan. Represents top part of Pseudoalbaillella lomentaria Zone, upper Wolfcampian (Sakmarian), Lower Permian. Faunas with elements present in S Urals and Japanese faunas) Jasin, B., C.A. Ali & K.Roslan Mohamed (1995)- Late Triassic radiolaria from the Kodiang Limestone, northwest Peninsular Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, p. 31-39. (Cherty packstone-wackestone in Bukit Kodiang limestone quarry, Kedah, with Late Triassic (Late CarnianM Norian) radiolarian assemblage) Jasin, B., A. Bashardin, N. Jamaluddin & N. Ishak (2010)- Occurrence of slate in Perlis and its significance. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 56, p. 75-78.


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(>100 m thick unfossiliferous slate exposed at Bukit Tuntung, Pauh, Perlis, NW Malay Peninsula. Overlain by bedded chert of Kubang Pasu Fm with Tournaisian (basal Carboniferous) radiolarians) Jasin, B. & Z. Harun (2004)- Discovery of some Early Carboniferous radiolarians from North Perak and their significance. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 49, p. 19-24. (Albaillella deflandrei radiolarian assemblage from NW Malay Peninsula indicates Tournaisian, E Carboniferous age. Tournaisian radiolarian cherts widespread in Paleo-Tethys ocean) Jasin, B. & Z. Harun (2007)- Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the chert unit of the Semanggol Formation. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull.53, p. 103-109. (online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v53/Pdf%20individual%20papers/16%20Paper.pdf) (Semanggol Fm outcrops in NW Malay Peninsula. Deep marine clastics with cherts with 5 Permian and 4 E-M Triassic radiolarian biozones. Common tuffaceous material in lower Semanggol Fm, older than Sakmarian, E Permian. Thickness of formation hard to determine due to intense folding-thrusting) Jasin, B. & Z. Harun (2009)- Radiolarian biostratigraphy of Peninsular Malaysia- an update. In: 11th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, p. Jasin, B., Z. Harun & S.N. Hassan (2003)- Black siliceous deposits in Peninsular Malaysia: their occurrence and significance. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 46, p. 149-154. Jasin, B., Z. Harun & U. Said (2005)- Triassic radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Semanggol Formation, South Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 51, p. 31-39. Jasin, B., Z. Harun & U. Said (2004)- Some Devonian radiolarians from chert blocks in the Bentong-Raub Suture Zone, Pahang. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 48, p. 81-84. Jasin, B., Z. Harun, U. Said & S. Saad (2005)- Permian radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Semanggol Formation, south Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 51, p. 19-30. Jasin, B. & L.T. Koay (1990)- Permian fusulinids from Bukit Wang Pisang, Perlis. Sains Malaysiana 19, p. 3544. (Late Early Permian 'cold-water' fusulinid Monodiexodina from NW Malay Peninsula (Sibumasu Terrane)) Jennings, J.R. & C.P. Lee (1985)- Preliminary note on the occurrence of Carboniferous-age coals and in situ plant fossils in eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Warta Geol. 11, 3, p. 117-121. Jones, C.R. (1968)- Lower Paleozoic rocks of Malay Peninsula. AAPG Bull. 52, 7, p. 1259-1278. (Lower Paleozoic in W part of Malay Peninsula comprises U Cambrian-Lower Devonian sediments, including Ordovician- Silurian shelf carbonates, Silurian euxinic facies graptolite argillite and thick flysch-type sequence to East. Acid pyroclastic rocks and ophiolitic igneous rocks associated with eugeosynclinal trough deposits) Jones, C.R. (1970)- On a Lower Devonian fauna from Pahang, West Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 3, p. 63-75. (Foothils Formation of W Pahang contains shales with reticulate sponges, brachiopods (Orbuciloidea sinensis) and graptolites. Monograptus cf. praehercycnicus indicates early Lower Devonian age) Jones, C.R. (1981)- Geology and mineral resources of Perlis, north Kedah, and the Langkawi Islands. Geol. Survey Malaysia, District Mem. 17, p. Jones, C.R., D.J. Gobbett & T. Kobayashi (1966)- Summary of fossil record in Malaya and Singapore 19001965. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 2, p. 309-359.


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Kader, M.S. (1994)- Abnormal pressure occurrence in the Malay and Penyu Basins, a regional understanding. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 81-91. Kader, M.S. & W. Leslie (1995)- Occurrence, origin and implications of overpressure in the Malay and Penyu Basins, offshore Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 191-204. Kadir, A.A., B.J. Pierson, Z.Z.T. Harith & Chow Weng Sum (2010)- Elements of Paleozoic hydrocarbon plays around Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. 46th CCOP Ann. Sess., Vung Tau 2009, p. 18- 29 (Presence of effective Paleozoic hydrocarbon system in Peninsular Malaysia- Malay Basin cannot be ruled out) Kato, M. & Y. Ezaki (1986)- Permian corals from Pahang and Trengganu, Malaysia. J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. 4, 21, 4, p. 645-668. (online at: http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/36745/1/21_4_p645-668.pdf) (M Permian corals in black limestone breccia associated with andesites in Kampong Awah Quarry, Pahang, C Malay Peninsula. Assigned to Yabeina and Neoschwagerina Zones. Six species, including Waagenophyllum, Michelinia, Wentzelloides, etc., all Tethyan elements (=Cathaysian; E Malaya Plate; HvG)) Kimura, T. & C.R. Jones (1967)- Geological structures in the northern and southern parts of the Langkawi Islands, north-west Malaya. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia 3, p. 87-134. Khoo Han Peng (1983)- Mesozoic stratigraphy in Peninsula Malaysia. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 370383. Khoo, T.T. & B.K. Tan (1983)- Geologic evolution of Peninsular Malaysia. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand and Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 253-290. (Peninsular Malaysia three longitudinal belts, each with own geological development) Khoo, T.T., B.S. Yaw, T. Kimura & J.H. Kim (1988)- Geology and palaeontology of the Redang islands, Trengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 2, p. 123-130. (Redang islands highly folded clastic sediments, contact metamorphosed by granitic intrusion: fluvialnearshore Redang beds and deeper marine Pinang beds. Fossil plants in Redang beds include Calamites, Pecopteris, Cordaites and Taenopteris, resembling Late Carboniferous-Permian species) Kobayashi, T. (1963)- On the Triassic Daonella beds in central Pahang, Malaya. Contributions to the geology and palaeontology of southeast Asia, 3. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 101-112. Kobayashi, T. (1963)- Halobia and some other fossils from Kedah, northwest Malaya. Contributions to the geology and palaeontology of southeast Asia, 4. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 113-128. Kobayashi, T. (1984)- On the geological history of Thailand and West Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 3-42. (Stratigraphy-oriented review of Thailand-Malay Peninsula area) Kobayashi, T., C.K. Burton, A. Tokuyama & E.H. Yin (1967)- The Daonella and Halobia facies of the ThaiMalay Peninsula compared with those of Japan. In: T. Kobayashi (ed.) Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 3, p. 98-122. Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1964)- On a new Malayan species of Dalmanitina. In: T. Kobayashi (ed.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 1, University of Tokyo Press, p. 221-235.. Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1973)- Cyrtosymbolids (Trilobita) from the Langgun Red Beds in Northwest Malaya, Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 12, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-28.


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Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1971)- Agnostoid trilobites in a Devonian formation in West Malaysia. Proc. Japan Academy 47, 4, p. 396-400. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/…) Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1971)- Silurian trilobites from the Langkawi islands, West Malaysia, with notes on the Dalmanitidae and Raphiophoridae. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia. 9, University of Tokyo Press, p. 87-134. Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1972)- A unique trilobite assemblage of the Devonian Kroh fauna in West Malaysia, with notes on the Tentaculites facies and the older Palaeozoic faunal sequence in Thailand-Malaya. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 10, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-34. Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1973)- Cyrtosymbolids (Trilobita) from the Langgon red beds in northwest Malaya, Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 12, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-28. Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1978)- Upper Ordovician trilobites from the Langkawi islands, Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 19, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-27. Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1979)- Permo-Carboniferous trilobites from Thailand and Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 20, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-21 Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1984)- Trilobites of Thailand and Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p.273-284. Kobayashi, T., C.R. Jones & T. Hamada (1964)- On the Lower Silurian shelly fauna in the Langkawi Islands, northwest Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi (ed.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 1, University of Tokyo Press, p. 209-220. Kobayashi, T., G.A. Sai & K.N. Murthy (1984)- On the geological age of the Tanjong Malim Limestone in Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. Japan Acad. 55, B, 6, p. 259-263. Kong, L.K. (1994)- Structural development at the west-central margin of the Malay Basin. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 36, p. 67-80. Kon'no, E. (1967)- Some younger Mesozoic plants from Malaya. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 3, University of Tokyo Press, p. 135-164. (Plant remains from 'post-orogenic' Tebak Fm clastics indicate Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous age) Kon'no, E. (1968)- Addition to some younger Mesozoic plants from Malaya. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 4, University of Tokyo Press, p. 139-155. Kon'no, E. & K. Asama (1970)- Some Permian plants from the Jengka Pass, Pahang, West Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 8, University of Tokyo Press, p. 97-132. Kon'no, E., K. Asama & S. Rajah (1970)- The Late Permian Linggiu flora from the Gunung Blumut area, Johore, Malaysia. In: Geology and Paleontology of Southeast Asia 9, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-85. Koopmans, B.N. (1965)- Structural evidence for a Palaeozoic orogeny in northwest Malaya. Geol. Mag. 102, p. 501-520. Koopmans, B.N. (1968)- The Tembeling Formation- a litho-stratigraphic description (West Malaysia). Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 1, p. 23-43.


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Krahenbuhl, R. (1991)- Magmatism, tin mineralization and tectonics of the Main Range, Malaysian Peninsula: consequences for the plate tectonic model of Southeast Asia based on Rb-Sr, K-Ar and fission track data. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 29, p. 1-100. (Malaysian Peninsula divided by suture into 2 different magmatic provinces. Major magmatic event in Main Range Late Permian. Also common Later Triassic post-collision granites, with major tin mineralization. Apatite fission track data show rapid Oligocene (33-24 Ma) exhumation of Malay Peninsula Tin granites, etc.) Kuenphan, N., K. Kaenmee, Y. Gonecome & R. Shoup (2010)- Application of satellite-based analog studies to resolving reservoir complexity in the North Malay Basin. AAPG Hedberg Conference, Jakarta 2009, Search and Discovery Article #50256, 17p. (Extended Abstract) (Thailand river patterns used a spotential analogs for N Malay Basin reservoir sand distribution patterns) Kummel, B. (1960)- Anisian ammonoids from Malaya. Breviora 124, p. 1-8. (Online at: http://www.archive.org/details/breviora121178harv) (M Triassic ammonites from folded dark grey shales 10.5 mi SSW of Kuala Lipis, Pahang, central Malay Peninsula (= E Malaya/ Indochina terrane?: HvG). Kwan, T. S., R. Krahenbuhl & E. Jager (1992)- Rb-Sr, K-Ar and fission track ages for granites from Penang Island, West Malaysia: an interpretation model for Rb-Sr whole-rock and for actual and experimental mica data. Contr. Min. Petrol. 111, 4, p. 527-542. (Penang Island NW extension of Peninsular Malaysia W magmatic belt. Three granite emplacement episodes: ~307 Ma (Late Carboniferous), ~251 Ma (Permian-Triassic boundary) and ~211 Ma (Late Triassic). Change in tensional regime since Oligo-Miocene, accompanied by SW tilting of island) Lane, H.R., K.J. Muller & W. Ziegler (1979)- Devonian and Carboniferous conodonts from Perak, Malaysia. Geologica et Palaeontologica 13, p. 213-222. Laveine, J.P. & A.H. Hussin (2003)- The Carboniferous flora of Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Rev. Paleobiol., Geneve, 22, 2, p. 811-830. (Carboniferous floras of E Peninsular Malaysia and NE Thailand typical Euramerican aspect. Indochina Block (NE Thailand) and probably also E Malaya Block (E Peninsular Malaysia) in terrestrial connection with N Palaeotethyan land mass, most probably S China Block, at least since E Carboniferous) Lau, J.W.E. (1977)- Stratigraphic correlation of Tertiary basins in offshore Malaysia, South China Sea. Ascope, 30p. Lee, C.P. (1983)- Stratigraphy of the Tarutao and Machinchang Formations. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 20-38. (Review of ~3000m thick mainly shallow marine clastic sections of age-equivalent Cambro-Ordovician Machinchang (NW Malaysia, Langkawi island) and Tarutao ( SW Thailand , Ko Tarutao) Fms. Somewhat thicker and coarser in S. Overlain by Ordovician limestones of Setul Fm. (part of 'Sibumasu Terrane'; similar to Arafura- W Papua stratigraphy?; HvG)) Lee, C.P. (2005)- Discovery of plate-type scyphocrinoid loboliths in the uppermost Pridolian- lowermost Lochkovian Upper Setul limestone of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Journal (Chris Paul issue) 40, 3, p. 331-342. (Floats attached to roots of Late Silurian to Early Devonian crinoids in top part of Upper Setul limestone at two localities, in a band of limestone in NW Peninsular Malaysia) Lee, C.P. (2006)- The Cambrian of Malaysia. Palaeoworld 15, p. 242-255. (Cambrian of Malaysia best represented by quartzose Machinchang Fm in Langkawi, Kedah, NW Peninsular Malaysia. Basal part prograding prodeltaclastics, middle part estuarine channel-fills and upper shoreface, beach, etc. deposits, youngest member shoreface to lagoonal. Grades upward into Ordovician limestone)


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Lee, C.P. (2009)- Palaeozoic stratigraphy. In: C.S. Hutchison & D.N.K. Tan (eds.) Geology of Peninsular Malaysia. University Malaya and Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 55-86. Lee, C.P. & H.H. Meor (2005)- Contributions from the geology of Northeast Langkawi to refining the MidPalaeozoic stratigraphy and palaeogeography of Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian J. Science 24 (Langkawi Spec. Issue), p. 9-14. (New stratigraphic nomenclature based on observations on Pulau Langgun. Kilim brachiopod beds clues to Late Paleozoic glacial event, indicating proximity of Langkawi to Gondwana during that time) Lee, C.P., M.S. Leman, K. Hassan, B.M. Nasib & R. Karim (2004) Stratigraphic lexicon of Malaysia. Geological Society Malaysia, 162p. Leman, M.S. (1993)- Upper Permian brachiopods from northwest Pahang, Malaysia. In: Proc. Int. Symposium on Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia: facies and palaeontology, Chiang Mai, 1, p. 203-208. Leman, M.S. (1995)- Permian ammonoids from Kuala Betis area, Kelantan and their paleogeographic significance. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 38, p. 153-158. (Two new Permian ammonoid localities in tuffaceous mudstones of Kuala Betis area, Kelantan. Assemblages resemble M Permian Sg Cheroh cephalopod fauna and are associated with deep water sediment in Bentung Suture zone. Similarities with Italian Socio, Timor Basleo fauna and other ammonoid occurrences in Europe, N Africa and W Asia indicate oceanic link between these pelagic faunas as E Permian) Leman, M.S. (2002)- A Permian phillipsid trilobite from Peninsular Malaysia. Geoscience J. 6, 2, p. 125-129. (Pygidia of the trilobite Pseudophillipsia reported from M Permian Bera Fm, Pahang, with brachiopod fauna of E Capitanian age. Resembles a slightly younger Capitanian species of N Laos, suggesting additional faunal link between Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia (E Malaya terrane) in Capitanian time) Leman, M.S. (2004)- Mesozoic. In: C.P. Lee et al. (eds.) Stratigraphic Lexicon of Malaysia, Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 37-64. Leman, M.S., I. Komoo, K. Roslan, C.A. Ali & T. Unjah (2007)- Geopark as an answer to geoheritage conservation in Malaysia- The Langkawi Geopark case study. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 53, p. 95-102. (online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v53/Pdf%20individual%20papers/15%20Paper.pdf) (On preservation of famous 'Sibumasu' Paleozoic section outcrops of Langkawi island, off Malay Peninsula) Leman, M. & G. Shi, G. (1998)- The Permian of Langkawi Islands and North West Peninsular Malaysia with comments on the significance of the Kisap Thrust. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 110, p. 405-418. Leman, M.S. & A. Yop (2002)- Early Permian sequence from Sungai Itau quarry, Langkawi: its age, depositional environment and palaeoclimatic implication. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Ann. Geol. Conf. 2002, Kota Baru, p. 163-170. Leo, C.T.A.M. (1997)- Exploration in the Gulf of Thailand in deltaic reservoirs, related to the Bongkot Field. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 77-87. Leong, K.M. (1978)- Malaysia, onshore sedimentary basins of Malaysia. In: ESCAP Atlas of Stratigraphy, 1. Ch. 3, United Nations ECAFE Mineral Resources Development Ser. 44, p. 26-31. Leonova, T.B., M.S. Leman & G.R. Shi (1999)- Discovery of Metalegoceras sp., an Early Permian ammonoid from Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Alcheringa 23, p. 277-281. (Ammonite Metalegoceras from uppermost part of Singa Fm at Batu Asah, NW of Kuah, confirms Sakmarian (E Permian) age suggested by brachiopods)


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Liew, K.K. (1994)- Structural development at the west-central margin of the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 67-80. Liew, T.C. & R.W. Page (1985)- U-Pb zircon dating of granitoid plutons from the West coast of peninsular Malaysia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 142, p. 515-526. Liew, T.C. & M.T. McCulloch (1985)- Genesis of granitoid batholiths of Peninsular Malaysia and implications for models of crustal evolution: evidence from Nd-Sr isotopic and U-Pb zircon study. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, p. 587-600. Lockhart, B.E., O. Chinoroje, C.B. Enomoto & G.A. Hollomon (1997)- Early Tertiary deposition in the southern Pattani Trough, Gulf of Thailand. In: Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok, p. 476-489. Logan, J.R. (1849)- The rocks of Pulo Ubin. With some remarks on the formation and structure of hydrogene rocks and on the metamorphic theory. Verhand. Bataviaasch Gen. Kunsten en Wetenschappen 22, 44 p. (Early paper on geology of Palau Ubin, off Singapore, published in Batavia) Madon, M. (1994)- Depositional and diagenetic histories of reservoir sandstones in the Jerneh Field, central Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull 36, p. 31-53. Madon, M. (1997)- Analysis of tectonic subsidence and heat flow in the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 41, p. 95-108. Madon, M. (1997)- The kinematics of extension and inversion in the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 41, p. 127-138. Madon, M. (2004)- Overpressure history of the Malay Basin, offshore Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 49, p. 135-144. (Malay Basin present-day depth to top overpressure in basin centre between 1900-2000m, in lower Group E. Top overpressure shallower at basin flanks, <1500 m deep along faulted W basin margin. Top overpressure in basin centre influenced by Group F regional shale) Madon, M. (2007)- Overpressure development in rift basins: an example from the Malay Basin, offshore Peninsular Malaysia. Petroleum Geoscv. 13, 2; p. 169-180. Madon, M. (2010)- Submarine mass-transport deposits in the Semantan Formation (Middle-Upper Triassic), central Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 56, p. 15-26. (Exposures of M-U Triassic Semantan Fm along East-Coast Highway between Karak and Kuantan of Triassic flysch basin that once separated W and E Malaya. E-ward change from distal to proximal facies) Madon, M.B., A. Anuar & R. Wong (1997)- Structural evolution, maturation history and hydrocarbon potential of the Penyu Basin. In: In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 403-424. (Penyu Basin offshore Malaysia between Pahang and Johor Platforms on N Sunda Shelf under-explored. Basin structurally contiguous with W Natuna Basin. Comprises half-grabens bounded by two NW and ENE-trending faults, probably formed in E Oligocene by N-S extension. Early Oligocene alcustrine facies, marine incursions starting in Late Oligocene. Inversion of rift faults around E-M Miocene boundary) Madon, M., P. Abolins, J.B.H. Mohammad & B.A. Mansor (1999)- Malay Basin. In: The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 173-217. Madon, M.B. & A.B. Watts (1998)- Gravity anomalies, subsidence history and the tectonic evolution of the Malay and Penyu basins (offshore Peninsular Malaysia). Basin Research 10, p. 375-392.


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(Malay and Penyu basins up to 14 km sediment fill, with 20 -30 mGal negative free air gravity anomalies. Modeling suggests basins formed by combination lithosphere stretching and thin-skinned crustal extension) Madon, M., J.S. Yang, P. Abolins, R. Abu Hassan, A.M. Yakzan & S. B. Zainal (2004)- Petroleum systems of the Northern Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 49, p. 125-134. (N Malay Basin petroleum province central/basinal gas-rich area, flanked on both sides and to S by mixed oil/gas zones. Non-associated gas fields in central zone mainly in D and E reservoirs, in Late Miocene inversion anticline. Vertical migration dominant process in basin centre. High CO2 gases typical of reservoirs in groups I and older and derived from inorganic sources. Low CO2 gas (<6 %) more typical of D-E reservoirs and derived from organic thermal degradation) McElhinny, M.W., N.S. Haile & A.R. Crawford (1974)- Palaeomagnetic evidence shows Malay Peninsula was not a part of Gondwanaland. Nature 252, p. 641-654. (Paleomagnetic results suggest Malay Peninsula was at 15° N in Late Palaeozoic, incompatible with once forming part of Gondwanaland. In Cretaceous Peninsula was not finally welded to Asian mainland) Meor, H.H. & C.P. Lee (2003)- The Sanai Limestone Member- a Devonian limestone unit in Perlis. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 46, p. 137-141. Meor, H.H. & C.P. Lee (2005)- The Devonian- Lower Carboniferous succession in northwest Peninsular Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, 6, p. 719-738. (New stratigraphic nomenclature for ~600 m of Devonian- Carboniferous shallow marine deposits of Sibumasu continental margin: mainly clastic transitional sequence between underlying Mempelam Lst and overlying Kubang Pasu/Singa Fm in NW Malaysia. Timah Tasoh Fm 40 m tentaculitid shales at base (with E Devonian Monograptus yukonensis and Nowakia) and 36 m of light argillo-arenites. Chepor Fm 90 m M-L Devonian red mudstone- sandstones. Sanai Lst with Famennian conodonts. Binjal Fm mudstone and turbiditic sandstones, Telaga Jatoh Fm radiolarian chert. Wang Kelian Fm thick E Carboniferous (Visean) prodeltabasinal marine red mudstones- sst. Major regressive event in latest Devonian) Metcalfe, I. (1979)- Carboniferous conodonts from Perak, Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 5, p. 35-39. Metcalfe, I. (1980)- Upper Carboniferous conodont faunas of the Panching Limestone, Pahang, West Malaysia. Palaeontology 23, p. 297-314. Metcalfe, I. (1981)- Permian and Early Triassic conodonts from Northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 14, p. 119-126. (Limestones exposed at Gunung Keriang, Kedah, have E Permian (Wolfcampian) and E Triassic (Smithian) conodonts. Kodiang Lst at Bukit Hantu near Kodiang, Kedah, yielded Late Permian and E Triassic conodonts) Metcalfe, I. (1990)- Triassic condont biostratigraphy in the Malay Peninsula. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 26, p. 133-145. (Condonts representative for all Triassic stages, except Rhaetian, found in Malay Peninsula) Metcalfe, I. (1990)- Stratigraphic and tectonic implications of Triassic conodonts from Northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Mag. 127, p. 567-578. (Chuping Lst of NW Malay Peninsula with Late Triassic (E Norian) conodonts and spans late E Permian- Late Triassic. Part equivalent to Kodiang Lst (Late Permian- Triassic) in Kedah and similar limestones in S Thailand and N Sumatra. Early Late Triassic (Carnian) conodonts also in pelagic limestones associated with bedded cherts of Semanggol Fm. Triassic of Malay Peninsula three regions: (1) Elongate carbonate platform complex on Sibumasu block (Chuping Lst, Kodiang Lst); (2) pelagic/ turbidite basinal sequence (Semanggol Fm; foredeep or intracratonic pull-apart basin) and (3) volcanic-sourced volcaniclastic basinal sequence on E Malaya block (Semantan Fm and equivalents; forearc/ intra-arc or post-orogenic rift)


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Metcalfe, I. (1992)- Upper Triassic conodonts from the Kodiang Limestone, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 7, p. 131-138. (Conodonts from Kodiang Lst at Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia document presence of Lower-Middle Norian and U Carnian. Faunas correlate with similar faunas from Chuping Lst of Perlis, Malaysia, and limestones from Lake Toba area and Sungei Kalue, N Sumatra) Metcalfe, I. (1999)- Geological origins and natural resources. In: A. Kaur & I. Metcalfe (eds.) The shaping of Malaysia, Macmillan Press Ltd, p. 11-41 (online at:http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/NLM/pnm_bk/M959.5SHA.pdf) Metcalfe, I. (2002)-. Devonian and Carboniferous conodonts from the Kanthan Limestone, Peninsular Malaysia and their stratigraphic and tectonic implications. In: L.V. Hills et al. (eds.) The Carboniferous and Permian of the World, Canadian Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 6, p. 552-579. Metcalfe, I. (2003)- Colour and textural alteration of Paleozoic and Triassic conodonts from Peninsular Malaysia: implications for tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon generation. Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 245, p. 261-280. Metcalfe, I. & K.R. Chakraborty (1988)- Diamictite along the eastern margin of the Central Basin of the Malay Peninsula. Warta Geol.14, p. 191-198. Metcalfe, I., M. Idris & J.T. Tan (1980)- Stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Carboniferous sediments in the Panching areas, Pahang, West Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 13, p. 1-26. (New lithostratigraphy proposed for Carboniferous of Panching area, Pahang: (1) Charu Fm shallow marine clastics with Visean- basal Namurian brachiopods; (2) Panching Lst reefal limestone with Namurian fauna; (3) Sagor Fm ?Late Carboniferous shallow marine clastics with rare limestone lenses) Metcalfe, I., S.P. Sivam & P.H. Stauffer (1982)- Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Middle Triassic rocks exposed near Lanchang, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 15, p. 19-30. Miall, A.D. (2002)- Architecture and sequence stratigraphy of Pleistocene fluvial systems in the Malay Basin, based on seismic time slices analysis. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Bull. 86, p. 1201-1216. (3-D seismic data from nonproductive, shallow Pleistocene section in N Malay Basin show 5 types of fluvial systems, from braided systems with >4 km wide channel-belts to small-scale meandering systems with meanderbelt widths of few 100m. Incised-valley system 40m deep forms is base of one of two sequence boundaries) Mohamad, H., R. Wong & M.F.A. Halim (2001)- Seismic facies analysis of the synrift sediments in the North Malay Basin and their impact on the deep reservoir potential. In: Proc. CCOP 37th Ann. Sess. Bangkok 2000, 2, Techn. Repts., p. 30-32. Morley, C.K. (2004)- Nested strike-slip duplexes, and other evidence for Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene transpressional tectonics before and during India-Eurasia collision, in Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia. J. Geol. Soc. 161, 5, p. 799- 812. Morley, C.K. N. Sangkumarni, T.B. Hoon, C. Chonglakmani & J. Lambiase (2000)- Structural evolution of the Li Basin, northern Thailand. J. Geol. Soc., London, 157; 2; p. 483-492. (Oligo- Miocene sections of coal mines in Li Basin of N Thailand show basins formed under E-W extension. At least 5 episodes of mainly NNW–SSE to NE–SW oriented compression interrupted extensional development of basin, probably related to escape tectonics of Himalayan orogeny. Episodic nature of compression and extension inconsistent with either simple strike-slip related opening of basins or simple extension) Morley, C.K. & R. Westaway (2006)- Subsidence in the super-deep Pattani and Malay basins of Southeast Asia: a coupled model incorporating lower-crustal flow in response to post-rift sediment loading. Basin Res. 18, p. 51-84.


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(Two Early Cenozoic rifts in SE Asia (beneath Pattani and Malay basins) limited upper-crustal extension (β≤1.5), yet very thick post-rift fill with 6-12 km of Late Cenozoic terrestrial and shallow-marine sediment. Explanation for high post-rift subsidence involves lower-crustal flow caused by sediment loading and erosion of sediment sources) Morley, C.K., N. Woganan, N. Sankumarn, T.B. Hoon, A. Alief & M. Simmons (2001)- Late Oligocene-Recent stress evolution in rift basins of northern and central Thailand: implications for escape tectonics. Tectonophysics 334, p. 115-150. (Thailand Tertiary rift basins evolved under E-W extension, but extension direction changed periodically. Extension interrupted by inversion events. Basins evolution: (1) widespread Oligocene-Lower Miocene extension; (2) In C and N Thailand extension persisted into U Miocene-Pliocene; (3) In W. Natuna, Penyu, Malay basins extension ceased in earliest Miocene, in N Gulf of Thailand in M Miocene. Inversion in Gulf of Thailand in Lower and M Miocene. Relationship between strike-slip and extensional and inversion events more complex than can be explained by simple escape tectonic models) Nakazawa, K. (1973)- On the Permian fossils from Jengka Pass, Pahang, Malay Peninsula. Tohoku Univ., Sci. Rep., 2nd ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol. 6 (Hatai Memorial Volume), p. 277-296. (online at ir.library.tohoku.ac.jp/re/bitstream/10097/28985/1/KJ00004163218.pdf) (Permian at Jengka Pass 160 km NE of Kuala Lumpur upper M Permian limestone with corals and abundant Yabeina-zone fusulinids, overlain by U Permian sandstone-shale with brachiopods, bivalves. Unconformably overlain by M-U Triassic) Nakazawa, K. (2002)- Permian bivalves from the H.S. Lee Formation, Malaysia. Paleontological Res. 6, 1, p. 67-72. (Three bivalve species from Permian H.S. Lee Fm at H.S. Lee No. 8 flooded tin mine in Perak: Sanguinolites ishii, Megalodon yanceyi and Myalina cf. wyomingensis) Newton, R.B. (1900)- On marine Triassic lamellibranchs discovered in the Malay. Peninsula. Proc. Malacol. Soc. London, 4, p. 130-135. (Late Triassic Miophorya bivalve shells in blocks of fossiliferous sandstone from Kuala Lipis, Pahang) Newton, R.B. (1906)- Notice on some fossils from Singapore. Geol. Mag. (5), 3, p. 487-496. First record of Mesozoic fossils from Singapore. Jurassic fauna dominated by marine bivalves, also fragments of land plants) Newton, R.B. (1923)- On marine Triassic shells from Singapore. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 9, p. 300-321. (Discovery of Triassic fauna in Singapore by Scrivenor. Mainly bivalve molluscs in friable sandstone, among with Myophoria. Fauna regarded as Upper Triassic age. Singapore beds extension of Myophorian Sst of Pahang, described by Newton in 1900) Newton, R.B. (1925)- On marine Triassic fossils from the Malayan Provinces of Kedah and Perak. Geol. Mag. 62, p. 76-85. (Kummel 1960: Two Upper Triassic ammonites described by Newton from Kedah probably are a Juvavites or Anatomites and a Hammoceras) Ng Tong San (1987)- Trap styles of the Tenggol Arch and the southern part of the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 21, p. 177-193. Ngah, K. (1990)- Structural framework of Southeastern Malay Basin. Ph.D. Thesis Imperial College, University of London, 267 p. Ngah, K. (2000)- Upper Oligocene- Lower Miocene sandstone reservoirs, Southern Malay Basin. AAPG Search and Discovery Article 10008 , p. (Pulai-II Fm reservoirs in S Malay basin deposited during early opening of backarc basin. Braided fluvial channel sandstones dominant in NE, distributary and tidal-channel sands dominate in S. Reservoir quality


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primarily result of burial diagenesis and depositional facies. Destruction of porosity by precipitation of quartz and ferroan calcite and porosity enhancement by dissolution of framework feldspars and chert. Up to 40% of porosity dissolution by meteoric water introduced during Late Miocene uplift. Porosity up to 45% in braidedchannel sandstones. Poor porosity fine sandstones and some m-c sandstones buried deeper than 3000 m) Ngah, K. (2000)- Structural framework of Southeastern Malay Basin. AAPG Search and Discovery Article 10009 , p. (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/khalid02/index.htm) (Malay Basin intracratonic basin in relatively stable Sunda Shelf. Extensional opening from Late CretaceousLate Eocene to Late Miocene. Late Miocene- Pliocene compressional phase created anticlinal hydrocarbon traps. Pliocene-Recent extensional basin rejuvenation, with extensive marine incursion. Fault trends N-S in NW Malay Basin, in S two-thirds E-W and NW-SE trends dominant. S Malay Basin relatively oil-prone) Ngah, K., M. Madon & H.D. Tjia (1996)- Role of Pre-Tertiary fractures in formation and development of the Malay and Penyu basins. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 281-289. (Major faults in Sundaland trend NNW to NW, WNW, N and E. Old NNW to NW, N and E-striking faults in preTertiary basement of Malay and Penyu basins, reactivated before Late Oligocene and in M-Late Miocene. Common N-striking faults in pre-Tertiary of Sundaland, possibly Jurassic regional fractures. NNW-NW and WNW fractures may have originated as strike-slip faults during late Mesozoic deformation. NW-striking basement faults of Malay basin continue onshore SE Asia as Three Pagodas fault zone. M-Late Miocene stress field change resulted in reversal of slip movement along major wrench faults and structural inversion of sedimentary basins (E-W anticlines located over half-graben)) Ngo T.S., Cu M.H., Phung K.H. & Vu M.T. (2010)- The geology and hydrocarbon potential of a Mesozoic basin in western offshore Vietnam. Proc. 46th CCOP Ann. Sess., Vung Tau 2009, p. 4-17. (Phu Quoc basin is Mesozoic forearc basin developed on margin of Indosinia cratonic block, in contact with Sibumasu block, N of East Malay Basin. Over 8 km of Paleozoic- Mesozoic section in depocenters. Three stages: Paleozoic passive margin, Late Permian- Mesozoic forearc, Tertiary- Quaternary sag) Niko, S., M. Sone & M.S. Leman (2005)- A new Permian species of Mooreoceras (Cephalopoda: Orthocerida) from northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. Japan Acad. 81, B, p. 329-333. (online at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab/81/8/329/_pdf) (New late E Permian (Kungurian?) orthocerid cephalopod species Mooreoceras sibumasuense from basal Chuping Fm in Bukit Tungku Lembu in Perlis, NW Malaysia. Associated with Monodiexodia fusulinids, and part of Sibumasu Terrane. Most Permian Mooreoceras species confined to Australian Gondwana- Sibumasu; also M. sp in Atahoc Fm of Timor) Noor, H.M. (1987)- Tinggi Field- analyzing the DHIs. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 21, p. 133-149. Ohana, T., T. Kimura & T.T. Khoo (1991)- Further discovery of some Carboniferous plant fossils from Tanjung Mat Amin, Trengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 93-101. (New locality with Carboniferous 'Euramerican' plant fossils at Tanjung Mat Amin, Trengganu. Belong to Kuantan Flora which was widespread in E Belt of Peninsular Malaysia N of Pahang River. Presence of Kuantan Flora indicates warm-humid Carboniferous in low latitudes during Carboniferous) Ong Swang Theng & B. Jasin (2007)- Discovery of a Lower Devonian Dacryoconarid bed from Hill B, Guar Jentik, Perlis: its significance and implications. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 53, p. 1- 6. (online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v53/Pdf%20individual%20papers/1%20Paper%20.pdf) (Lower Devonian 'tentaculites limestone' from Perlis, NW-most Malay Peninsula) Othman, A.R. & M.S. Leman (2009)- The discovery of Middle Triassic bivalve Daonella pahangensis Kobayashi from Aring, Kelantan. Warta Geol. 35, 3, p. 111-114.


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Othman, A.R. & M.S. Leman (2010)- Fosil ammonoid berusia Trias Tengah dari Aring, Kelantan, Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 56, p. 53-59. ('Middle Triassic ammonoid fossils from Aring, Kelantan, Malaysia'. Two localities with 13 species from Telong Fm on N Malay Peninsula. Assemblages represent 'Paleo-Tethys' ammonoid Zones Balatonicus Subzone of Balatonites Zone (M Anisian) and Regoledanus Subzone of Protrachyceras Zone (Late Ladinian). Area can be correlated to Sukhothai Terrain of Shan-Thai Block, belonging to Cathaysian domain) Oudomugsorn, P., C. Rojanachan & K. Sakdejayont (1987)- Evaluation of the petroleum potential of the western basin, Gulf of Thailand. Proc. 23rd Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Madang 1986, 2, p. 80-97. (Western basin N-S trending Early Tertiary rift basin in N Gulf of Thailand. Possibly >3500m of OligoceneRecent sediments, mainly in fluviallacustrine facies. Less than 400m of sediment over basement highs) Peng, L.C., M.S. Leman, K. Hassan, B.M Nasib & R. Karim (2004)- Stratigraphic lexicon of Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, 162 p. Petersen, H.I., A. Mathiesen, M.B.W. Fyhn, N.T. Dau, J.A. Bojesen-Koefoed, H. Nielsen & H.P. Nytoft (2011)Modeling of petroleum generation in the Vietnamese part of the Malay Basin using measured kinetics. AAPG Bull. 95, 4, p. 509-536. (2-D modeling of hydrocarbon generation for Malay-Cho Thu Basin in Gulf of Thailand-S China Sea. Source rocks comprise Oligocene synrift lacustrine mudstones and coals, postrift coals, and coaly mudstones. Main play risks include timing of generation from oil-prone lacustrine synrift deposits relative to structural trap formation and relatively small kitchen areas. Minor contribution from lacustrine deposits after principal trap formation consistent with prominent terrigenous geochemical signature of oils in basin) PETRONAS (1996)- The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia. Petronas Press, Kuala Lumpur, 665p. (Major review of Malaysian basins and hydrocarbons by collective of authors) PETRONAS (2007)- Chronostratigraphic chart of the Cenozoic and Mesozoic basins of Malaysia. Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, 71p. + chart Polachan, S., S. Pradidtan, C. Tangtaow, S. Janmaha, K. Intarawijitr & C. Sangsuwan (1991)- Development of Cenozoic basins of Thailand. Marine Petrol. Geol. 8, p. 84-97. Polachan, S. & N. Sattayarak (1989)- Strike-slip tectonics and the development of Tertiary basins in Thailand. In: Int. Symp. Intermontane basins: geology & resources, Chiang Mai 1989, p. 243-253. Pradidtan, S. (1990)- Calculation of heat flow of the Tertiary basins in the Gulf of Thailand. In: B. Elishewitz (ed.) Proc. CCOP Heat Flow Workshop III, Bangkok 1988, CCOP Techn. Publ. 21, p. 99-106. (Heatflow values from 9 wells in Gulf of Thailand rel. high) Pradidtan, S. & S. Polachen (1990)- TH-40 sandstone play Hua Hin Basin, Thailand. In: CCOP/WRGA Play modelling exercise 1989-1990, CCOP Techn. Publ. 23, p. 97-112. (Assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbons and play description of TH-40 Oligocene stacked fluvio-lacustrine sands in rotated fault blocks in Hua Hin Basin, N Gulf of Thailand.) Raj, J.K. (1998)- Tectonic evolution of the Tertiary basin at Batu Arang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 197-210. Raj, J.K. et al. (1998)- Tertiary basins of inland peninsular Malaysia: review and tectonic evolution. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 211-216. Rajah, S.S., F. Chand & D. Santokh-Sing (1977)- The granitoids and mineralization of the Eastern Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol.Soc Malaysia Bull. 9, p. 209-232.


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Ramli, N. (1986)- Depositional model of a Miocene barred wave- and storm-dominated shoreface and shelf, SE Malay Basin. AAPG Bull. 70, 1, p. 34-47. (J sandstone reservoir in SE Malay basin composed of shoreface and offshore sediments. Barred wave- and storm-dominated shoreface, laterally associated with stacked offshore bars) Ramli, N. (1988)- Characteristics of J Sandstone (Tapis Formation) reservoirs in the Southeastern part of the Malay Basin, Offshore West Malaysia. Proc. 7th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1988, SEAPEX Proc. 8, p. 239- 248. (Reservoir quality of Miocene J sandstone mainly controlled by sedimentary texture (absence of bioturbation) and presence of secondary porosity) Ramli, M.N. (1988)- Humid tropical fan-delta sedimentaton: an ancient model from the 'K' sandstones (Late Oligocene-Early Miocene), SE part of the Malay basin, offshore W Malaysia. In: W. Nemec & R.J. Steel (eds.) Fan deltas and related systems: sedimentology and tectonic settings, Blackie Publ., Glasgow, p. 341-353. Ramli, M.N. (1988)- Stratigraphy and paleofacies development of Carigali's operating areas in the Malay basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 22, p. 153-187. Ramli, M.N. (1989)- Stratigraphy and paleofacies development of Carigali's operating areas in the Malay basin, South China Sea. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 171-196. (New time-stratigraphic scheme and regional Oligocene- Pliocene paleofacies maps for blocks PM6 and PM12. Predominantly coastal plain- fluviomarine facies) Rao, C.P. (1988)- Paleoclimate of some Permo-Triassic carbonates of Malaysia. Sedim. Geol. 60, p. 163-171. (Study of Permian and Triassic carbonates of Malaysia. Permian Chuping Lst at Langkawi (= part of Sibumasu terrane; HvG) with common brachiopods with oxygen/carbon isotope signature similar to E Australian faunas. Paleoclimate was cool- temperate ('Gondwanan'). Permian Summalayang Lst of NE Malay Peninsula rich in fusulinids, but no corals, etc., Foramol facies and predominantly Mg calcite mineralogy reflect temperate climate. Late Triassic Kodiang Lst with corals, algae, stromatolites, etc., and formed in tropical setting) Reijenstein, H.M., H.W. Posamentier & J.P. Bhattacharya (2011)- Seismic geomorphology and high-resolution seismic stratigraphy of inner-shelf fluvial, estuarine, deltaic, and marine sequences, Gulf of Thailand. AAPG Bull. 95, 11, p.. 1959-1990. (3-D seismic-derived images of channels in Pleistocene fluvial, estuarine, marine, and deltaic depositional systems in the upper 80 m of central Gulf of Thailand continental shelf. Most fluvial systems lie within incised valleys in lower parts of each depositional sequence) Richter, B., E. Schmidtke, M. Fuller, N. Harbury & A.R. Samsudin (1999)- Paleomagnetism of Peninsular Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 477-519. (Paleomagnetic results from Peninsular Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia in low N latitudes since Late Triassic. Jurassic- Paleocene counterclockwise (CCW) rotations, while clockwise rotations (CW) predominant in older rocks. `S Sundaland' block (Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sulawesi, Celebes Sea) rotated ~30°- 40° CCW between Late Eocene and Late Miocene. Regional CCW rotations not consistent with extrusion tectonic models) Rishworth, D.E.H. (1974)- The Upper Mesozoic terrigenous Gagau Group of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Survey Malaysia Spec. Paper 1, 78 p. Robinson, K. (1985)- Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources in Tertiary sedimentary basins of Malaysia and Brunei. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 18, p. 119-131. Roslan, K. (1988)- The stratigraphy and sedimentology of Triassic rocks of Peninsular Malaya. Ph.D. Thesis University College, London, 344 p.


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Runnegar, B. & D. Gobbett (1975)- Tanchintongia gen.nov., a bizarre Permian myalinid bivalve from West Malaysia and Japan. Palaeontology 18, 2, p. 315-322. (online at: http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2018/Pages%20315-322.pdf) (New large, thick-shelled myalinid bivalve species and genus Tanchintongia perakensis from now flooded opencut tin mine H.S. Lee No. 8, Kinta Valley, Perak. Associated with E Permian ammonoids and Pseudofuulina) Said, A. (1982)- Overview of exploration for petroleum in Malaysia under the PSC's. OFFSEA 82, p. 1-14. Said, Uyop, M. Malihan & Z. Konjing (2007)- Neocomian palynomorph assemblage from Central Pahang, Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 53, p. 21- 25. (online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v53/Pdf%20individual%20papers/5%20Paper0.pdf) (Road-cuts in central Pahang yield a distinct palynomorph assemblage with Cicatricosisporites australiensis, C. ludbrookiae, Biretisporites eneabbaensis and Baculatisporites comaumensis. Assigned to lowest speciosus Assemblage zone (Valanginian- Hauterivian) Sakagami, S. (1976)- Palaeobiogeography of the Permian bryozoa on the basis of the Thai-Malayan district. Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 14, p. 155-172. Samorn, H. (2006)- Fluvial reservoir architecture from nearsurface 3-D seismic data, Block B8/32, Gulf of Thailand. M.S. Thesis,Colorado School of Mines, 156 p. Sasaki, A. (1986)- Geological studies on origin of carbon dioxide in Platong Field, Gulf of Thailand. J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn. 51, 3, p.218-227. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (In Japanese, with English abstract) (Platong gas field CO2 content average 15%, locally >40%. Most CO2 in nearby Natuna, Malay, N Sumatra basins tied to carbonates, but here believed to be generated from woodycoaly kerogens during thermal diagenesis, and also from 'magmatic origin' through faults) Sashida, K., S. Adachi, H.. Igo, T. Koike & I. Amnan (1995)- Middle and Late Permian radiolarians from the Semanggol Formation, northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S. 177, p. 43-58. Sato, T. (1964)- Ammonites du Trias de la Malaisie. In: T. Kobayashi (ed.) Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 2, p. 43-53. ('Ammonites from the Triassic of Malaysia') Schwartz, M.O. & A.K. Askury (1989)- Geological, geochemical, and fluid inclusion studies of the tin granites from the Bujang Melaka pluton, Kinta Valley, Malaysia. Econ. Geol. 84, p. 751-779. Scrivenor, J.B. (1908)- Note on the sedimentary rocks of Singapore. Geol. Mag. Dec. 5, 5, 529, p. 289-291. Scrivenor, J.B. (1909)- Obsidianites in the Malay Peninsula. Geol. Mag. 6, 9, p. 411-413. Scrivenor, J.B. (1910)- The rocks of Pulau Ubin and Pulau Nanas (Singapore). Quart. J. Geol. Soc., London, 66, p. 420-434. (Rocks of Singapore islands mainly granites and tuffs) Scrivenor, J.B. (1913)- The geological history of the Malay Peninsula. Quart. J. Geol. Soc., London, 69, p. 343371. (Early summary of Malay Peninsula geology. Sparsely illustrated) Scrivenor, J.B. (1923)- The structural geology of British Malaya. J. Geology 31, 7, p. 556-570. Scrivenor, J.B. (1925)- Summary of the geological history of British Malaya and British Borneo. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 441-447.


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Scrivenor, J.B. (1929)- Radiolaria-bearing rocks in the Malay Peninsula. De Mijningenieur 10, p. 238-239. Scrivenor, J.B. (1931)- The geology of Malaya. Millan and Co., London, p. Senathi Rajah, S. (1969)- Younger Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, State of Johore, West Malaysia. AAPG Bull. 53, p. 2187-2189. (Flat-lying, post-orogenic, fluvio-deltaic Tebak Fm (possibly same as Gagau, Panti Fms) of Johore Province, W Malaysia, most likely early Cretaceous age, and predominantly arenaceous) Senathi Rajah, S. (1970)- Limestone occurrences in Johore. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 3, p. 131-133. (First record of Permian limestones from Sungei Sedili and Sungei Lenggor areas) Senathi Rajah, S., F. Chand & D.S. Singh (1977)- The granitoids and mineralization of the Eastern Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 9, p. 209-232. (Malay Peninsula 3 mineral belts: Western Tin belt, Central Gold and base metal belt and Eastern Tin belt. Eastern Belt granites emplaced in Upper Carboniferous- U Jurassic, peaking in U Permian. Invaded country rocks are tightly folded and weakly regionally metamorphosed. Tin, tungsten and iron mineralization in marginal and apical parts of plutons) Seong, K.T. (1990)- K-Ar dating of micas from granitoids in the Kuala Lumpur-Seramban area. Bull. Geol. Soc.Malaysia 26, p. 77-96. Sevastjanova, I. (2007)- Detrital heavy minerals from the Malay Peninsula. M.Sc. Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 155 p. (Unpublished) Sevastjanova, I., B. Clements, R. Hall, E.A. Belousova, W.L. Griffin & N. Pearson (2011)- Granitic magmatism, basement ages, and provenance indicators in the Malay Peninsula: insights from detrital zircon UPb and Hf-isotope data. Gondwana Res. 19, 4, p. 1024-1039. (Malay Peninsula two continental blocks, Sibumasu and E Malaya, with two granitoids provinces: Main Range and Eastern. U-Pb analyses on zircons from Malay Peninsula river sands suggest 3 Permian-Triassic episodes of granitoids intrusives, two in E Province: (a) Permian, crustally-derived, (b) E-M Triassic, mixed mantle-crust sources, (c) Late Triassic, crustally-derived. Sibumasu- E Malaya collision probably in Late Permian-E Triassic. Predominantly Paleoproterozoic basement ages for Sibumasu (1.9-2.0 Ga) and East Malaya (1.7-2.0 Ga) blocks) Shariff Bin Kader, M. (1994)- Abnormal pressure occurrence in the Malay and Penyu basins, offshore Peninsular Malaysia a regional understanding. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 81-91. Shi, G.R., M.S. Leman, K. Tan et al. 1997)- Early Permian brachiopods of Gondwanan affinity from the upper Singa Formation, Lankawi Island, NW Peninsular Malaysia: biostratigraphical and biogeographical implications.. In: P. Dheeradilok et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, Dept. Mineral Res., Bangkok, p. 62-72. Shi, G.R. & J.B. Waterhouse (1991)- Early Permian brachiopods from Perak, West Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 25-39. (Permian brachiopod fauna from Nam Loong 1 Mine of Kinta Valley, W of Kampar, Perak, indicates possible Sakmarian age (E Permian)) Shing, C.Y. (1992)- Petrographic and diagenetic studies of the reservoir sandstone of the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 261-283.


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Shoup, R. (2008)- Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Arthit area, North Malay Basin. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok 2008, p. 375- 381. (online at http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/112.pdf) (Paleogeographic evolution of Arthit area, one of Gulf of Thailand E Tertiary rift basins. No age control) Shuib, M.K. (2009)- Structures and deformation. In: C.S. Hutchison & D.N.K. Tan (eds.) Geology of Peninsular Malaysia. University Malaya and Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 271-308. Shuib, M.K. & A.A. Ghani (1998)- 'Mantle plume' type magmatism in the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia and its tectonic implications. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 365-371. Singh, H. (2005)- The occurrence and exploitation of Malaysian oil and gas resources. Oil-Industry History, Petroleum History Institute, Meadville, 6, 1, p. 129-152. Singh, I. & C.H. Ford (1982)- The occurrence, causes and detection of abnormal pressure in the Malay Basin. OFFSEA 82, Singapore, 11p. Smiley, C.J. (1970)- Later Mesozoic flora from Maran, Pahang, West Malaysia, Part 1: Geological considerations. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 3, p. 77-88. (Plant fossils from Tembeling Fm 4 mi N of Maran, central Malay Peninsula. Include tree fern Gleichenoides spp., conifer Frenelopsis and others. Closely resemble Neocomian species from other areas. Probably represents open forest flora under climate with distinct dry season) Smiley, C.J. (1970)- Later Mesozoic flora from Maran, Pahang, West Malaysia, Part 2: Taxonomic considerations. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 3, p. 89-113. Sone, M. & M.S. Leman (2000)- Some mid-Permian fossils from Felda Mayam, Central Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Ann. Conf, p. 143-150. Sone, M. & M.S. Leman & M Ehiro (2001)- Middle Permian cephalopods from central Peninsular Malaysia: implications for faunal migration through the southern Tethys. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, 6, p. 805-814. (Wordian (M Permian) cephalopod fauna of 4 ammonoids (Tauroceras, Agathiceras, Bamyaniceras, Pronoritidae) and 4 nautiloids (Tainoceras, Orthocerida) from Bera South, S Pahang. Presence of Tauroceras. aff. scrobiculatum suggests correlation with S Tethys strata of NE Iraq, N Oman and Sicily) Sone, M., M.S. Leman & I. Metcalfe (2004)- Triassic nautiloid Sibyllonautilus from Gua Bama, Peninsular Malaysia and its regional stratigraphic implications. Alcheringa 28, p. 477-483. Sone, M., M.S. Leman & G.R. Shi (2001)- Middle Permian brachiopods from central Peninsular Malaysiafaunal affinities between Malaysia and west Cambodia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, p. 177-194. (Moderately diverse Permian brachiopod fauna from Bera District, C Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (on E Malaya- Indochina Plate). 19 species, typically warm-water Tethyan. Strong linkage to Yabeina beds of Sisophon Lst, W Cambodia. Possible E Capitanian (M Permian) age) Sone, M., I. Metcalfe & M.S. Leman (2003)- Palaeobiogeographic implications of Middle Permian brachiopods from Johore (Peninsular Malaysia). Geol. Mag. 140, p. 523-538. (New M Permian brachiopods fauna from N Johore, with ammonoid Agathiceras sp.etc. Locality belongs to East Malaya terrane of Cathaysian province, but also affinities to species of Sibumasu province, suggesting species interchange between shallow waters of E Malaya and Sibumasu across Palaeo-Tethys) Spiller, F.C.P. (1996)- Late Paleozoic radiolarians from the Bentong-Raub suture zone, Peninsular Malaysia. The Island Arc 5, 2, p. 91-103.


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(Radiolarians from deep marine siliceous sediments from melange from Bentong-Raub suture zone contain 7 radiolarian zones from 10 localities: Late Devonian (Famennian), E Carboniferous (Tournaisian and Visean) and E Permian. This suggests that ocean existed between Sibumasu and East Malaya terranes from at least Late Devonian-late E Permian time) Spiller, F.C.P. (2002)- Radiolarian biostratigraphy of Peninsular Malaysia and implications for regional palaeotectonics and palaeogeography. Palaeontographica Abt. A, 266, p. 1-91. Spiller, F.C.P. & I. Metcalfe (1995)- Late Paleozoic radiolarians from the Bentong-Raub suture and the Semanggol Formation of Peninsular Malaysia- initial results. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, 3, p. 217-224. Spiller, F.C.P. & I. Metcalfe (1995)- Paleozoic and Mesozoic radiolarian biostratigraphy of Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. IGCP Symposium on Geology of SE Asia, J. Geology, Hanoi, ser. B., 5-6, p. 75-93. Stait, B.A., D. Wyatt & C.F. Burrett (1987)- Ordovician nautiloid faunas of Langkawi Islands, Malaysia, and Tarutao Island, Thailand. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 174, p. 373-391. Stauffer, P.H. (1974)- Malaya and Southeast Asia in the pattern of continental drift. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 7, p. 89-138. Stauffer, P.H. & N.J. Snelling (1977)- A Precambrian trondhjemite boulder in Palaeozoic mudstones of NW Malaya. Geol. Mag, 114, 6, p. 479-482. (Possible Precambrian leucotonalite clasts with a K-Ar age of 1029 +/15 Ma in 'pebbly mudstone' of Permian Singa Fm of Langkawi Islands, NW Malaysia) Suntharalingam, T. (1968)- Upper Palaeozoic stratigraphy of the area west of Kampar, Perak. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 1, p. 1-15. Suntharalingam, T. (1983)- Cenozoic stratigraphy of Peninsular Malaysia. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 149-158. Surjono, S.S., M.S. Leman, C. Aziz Ali & K.R. Mohamed (2004)- A review of the Palaeozoic lithostratigraphy of East Johor, Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 49, p. 71-78. (East Johore Carboniferous metasediments unconformably overlain by Permian clastics, E-M Permian limestones and ?Late Permian volcanics, intruded by Triassic-Jurassic granites) Tamura, M. (1968)- Claraia from North Malaya, with a note on the distribution of Claraia in Southeas Asia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (ed.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 5, p. 78-87. (Two species of Early Triassic (M Scythian) thin-shelled marine bivalve Claraia from S Kelantan, Malay Peninsula) Tamura, M., W. Hashimoto, H. Igo, T. Ishibashi, J. Iwai, T. Kobayashi, T.Koike, K.Pitakpaivan, T. Sato & E.H. Yin (1975)- The Triassic system of Malaysia and adjacent areas. In: T. Kobayashi, & R. Toriyama (eds.), Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 15, p. 103-149. Tan, B.K. (1984)- The tectonic framework and evolution of the Central Belt and its margins, Peninsular Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 17, p. 307-322. Tan, B.K. (1996)- 'Suture zones' in peninsular Malaysia and Thailand: implications for palaetectonic reconstruction of southeast Asia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 13, p. 243-249. (Critical review of suture zones postulated in many paleotectonic reconstructions)


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Tan, B.K. & T.T. Khoo (1978)- Review of the development in the geology and mineral resources of Malaysia and Singapore. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. 3rd Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Resources of SE Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok, Asian Inst. Techn., p. 655-671. Tan, D.N.K. (1980)- Siliceous deposits of Malaysia. Geol. Survey Malaysia, Geological Papers 3, p. 100-113. (Review of chertoccurrences in Peninsular Malaysia (mainly Lower Paleozoic- Lower Mesozoic) and W Sarawak- E Sabah (some Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian, mainly Mesozoic, some Tertiary) Tjia, H.D. (1978)- Structural geology of Peninsular Malaysia. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geology and Mineral Resources SE Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok, p. 673-682. Tjia, H.D. (1986)- Geological transport directions in Peninsular Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 149-177. Tjia, H.D. (1989)- The Bentong suture. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf.Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia, IAGI, p. 73-85. (Peninsular Malaysia N-S trending, 13 km wide zone, probably representing Paleozoic accretionary prism) Tjia, H.D. (1994)- Inversion tectonics in the Malay Basin: evidence and timing of events. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 119-126. Tjia, H.D. (1996)- Tectonics of deformed and undeformed Jurassic-Cretaceous strata of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 39, p. 131-156. Tjia, H.D. (1998)- Meridian-parallel faults and Tertiary basins of Sundaland. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 101-118. Tjia, H.D. (1998)- Origin and tectonic development of Malaya-Penyu-West Natuna basins. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 147-160. Tjia, H.D. (1999)- Geological setting of Peninsular Malaysia. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, p. 141-169. Tjia, H.D. (1999)- Pre-Tertiary hydrocarbon potential. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, p. 605-635. Tjia, H.D. (2000)- Tectonic and structural development of Cenozoic basins of Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Proc. Ann. Geol. Conf. 2000, p. 3-16. Tjia, H.D. (2010)- Growing evidence of active deformation in the Malay basin region. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 56, p. 35-40. (Very young crustal movements in Malay basin region point to possibility of late reactivation of regional faults. Malay basin originated in Late Cretaceous as aulacogen on Malay Dome, modified by sinistral transtensional wrenching, post M Miocene transpression and general structural inversion. From Pliocene onward most of the basin area considered tectonically quiet, but basement-rooted regional fault zones may intrude into PliocenePleistocene strata and almost reach seabed) Tjia, H.D. & M.I. Ismail (1994)- Tectonic implications of well-bore breakouts in Malaysian basins. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 175-186. Tjia, H.D. & K.K. Liew (1996)- Changes in tectonic stress field in northern Sunda shelf basins. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 291-306. (Tertiary basins of N Sunda Shelf underlain by normal and attenuated continental crust with moderate- high geothermal gradients. In Malay basin, U Oligocene and younger sediments >12 km thick; other basins, 4- 8


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km thick. The Malay, Penyu and W Natuna basins are aulacogens meeting at triple junction that marks Late Cretaceous hot spot in centre of Malay Dome. Sub-basins developed as pull-apart basins within regional, NNW striking, wrench fault zones. Initial basin subsidence Eocene-Oligocene, with extension prevailing until E Miocene. M-Late Miocene regional compression caused inversions of basin-fill) Uttarathiyang, T. & J.D. Pigott (2008)- The unexplored post rift Oligocene deltas frontier: North Malay Basin, Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516,and 5th APSEG, Bangkok 2008, 4 p. (online at: http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/110.pdf) (Seismic stratigraphic study of deep post rift Oligocene deltas in Gulf of Thailand) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1940)- On the origin of some granites from Singapore. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 7, 2, p. IV.23- IV.35. (Description of granites that form core of Singapore island. Intrusive into clastic sediments with Triassic fossils. Mainly discussion on the genesis of granites) Wan Hasiah, A. & P. Abolins (1998)- Organic petrological and organic geochemical characterization of the Tertiary coal-bearing sequence of Batu Arang, Selangor, Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16, p. 351-367. Wan Ismail Wan Yusoff (1984)- Heat flow study in the Malay Basin. CCOP Tech. Publ. 15, p. 77-87. Wan Ismail Wan Yusoff (1990)- Heat flow in offshore Malaysian basins. In: B. Elishewitz (ed.) Proc. CCOP Heat Flow Workshop III, Bangkok 1988, CCOP Tech. Publ. 21, p. 39-54. (Heat flows over Malay and offshore Sarawak basins variable, from normal to very high (47- 136.6 mW/m2). In Sabah and Sandakan basins values between 34.5- 64 mW/m2) Waples, D.S. et al. (1995)(1999)- Implications of vitrinite-reflectance suppression for the tectonic and thermal history of the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 269-284. Waples, D.S. & M. Ramly (1994)- A simple statistical method for correcting and standardizing heat flows and subsurface temperatures derived from logs. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 253-267. Watcharanantakul, R. & C.K. Morley (2000)- Syn-rift and post-rift modeling of the Pattani Basin, Thailand: evidence for a ramp-flat detachment. Marine Petrol. Geol. 17, p. 937-958. Woollands, M.A. & D. Haw (1976)- Tertiary stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Gulf of Thailand. SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1976, paper 7, p. 1-22. (Subdivide Tertiary of Gulf of Thailand into three major cycles of sedimentation) Wong, R.H.F. (1999)- Petroleum resources, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, p. 253-272. Wong R. & S.S. Karimi (2001)- Occurrences of two major transgressive cycles in the North Malay Basin and their impact on the deep reservoir potential. In: Proc. CCOP 37th Ann. Sess. Bangkok 2000, 2, Techn. Repts., p. 27-29. (Two major transgressive cycles in N Malay Basin: (1) E-M Miocene Group I, H lower coastal plain sands deepening and fining upwards to M Miocene Group F marine shales; (2) U Miocene Group E and D fluvial coastal sands capped by Pliocene Group A/B marine shales. Sandy formation in Groups I, H, E, and D display high amplitude, continuous seismic signature, shale-prone Groups F and A/B weak amplitude, discontinuous seismic facies. Strong indication of deep reservoir potential below overpressured Group F shales) Yakzan, M, H. Awalludin, M.N. Bahari & R.J. Morley (1996)- Integrated biostratigraphic zonation for the Malay Basin. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 39, p 157-184.


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Yancey, T.E. (1975)- Evidence against Devonian unconformity and Middle Paleozoic age of Langkawi folding phase in Northwest Malaya. AAPG Bull. 59, 6, p. 1015- 1019. (No Devonian unconformity in NW Peninsular Malaysia/ Langkawi Islands. Age of Langkawi folding phase probably post-Early Permian and pre-Early Triassic (This is on Sibumasu Blocks and coincides with collision with E Malaya block; HvG)) Yancey, T.E. (1985)- Bivalvia of the H.S. Lee Formation (Permian) of Malaysia. J. Paleont. 59, 5, p. 12861297. (Bivalves of 15m of H.S. Lee Fm section at H.S. Lee No. 8 tin mine, Kinta Valley, Perak, Malaysia, most diverse Permian mollusc-dominated biota in Tethyan province: abundant giant clams of family Alatoconchidae and highly diverse gastropod assemblage) Yap, C.B. & R. Wong (1997)- Some possible new exploration ideas in the northern and western Malay Basin of peninsular Malaysia. Proc. ASCOPE 97 Conf., 2, p. 177-192. Yap, F.L. (1986)- Age determination on the Kuantan granite and dolerite dykes. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 415422. Yap, S.F. & U. Said (2002)- Palynological study on a rock sequence at Bandar Tenggara, Johore Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 45, p. 185-189. Yeap, E.B. (1993)- Tin and gold mineralizations in peninsula Malaysia and their relationships to the tectonic development. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, 4, p. 329-348. (Tin and gold mineralizations in Peninsular Malaysia several juxtaposed and overlapping belts. Tin deposits genetically related to Late Triassic S-type granites) Zainul, A.J.B. et al. (1999)- Overview of petroleum resources of Malaysia. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia, p. 35-58.


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IX.3. SE Asia mainland (Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, SW China) Achalabhuti, C. (1981)- Offshore hydrocarbon production and potential of Thailand. In: Proc. of EAPI/CCOP Workshop, Energy 6, 11, p. 1247-1254. (Four commercial gas/condensate fields delineated in the Gulf of Thailand with gas reserves of >7 TCF. Small amounts of crude oil also encountered in some wells. Deep water drilling inAndaman Sea revealed Tertiary source beds mainly immature. Pre-Tertiary sedimentary basins beneath offshore areas of Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand more favorable for hydrocarbon potential) Achache, J. & V. Courtillot (1985)- A preliminary Upper Triassic paleomagnetic pole for the Khorat plateau (Thailand): consequences for the accretion of Indochina against Eurasia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 1, p. 147157. (Paleomagnetic results from U Triassic (Norian) Huai Hin Lat Fm at base of Khorat Group in C Thailand suggest this unit remained at tropical northern latitudes since Late Triassic. Comparison with Eurasian poles reveals 1650 ± 850 km of SW-NE convergence and 15° ± 10° of CCW rotation between 205-160 Ma) Adachi, S., H. Igo, A. Ampornmaha & N. Nakornsri (1993)- Triassic coral buildups observed in the Chaiburi Formation near Phattalung, Peninsular Thailand. Ann. Rept. Inst. Geosci. Univ. Tsukuba 19, p. 27-31. Agematsu S., K. Sashida, S. Salyapongse & A. Sardsud (2006)- Lower Devonian tentaculite bed in the Satun area, southern peninsular Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 26, p. 605-611. (Lower Devonian (Emsian) tentaculite fauna including Nowakia acuaria in black shale in basal part of siliciclastic sequence N of Satun, southern peninsular Thailand. Similar E Devonian black tentaculites shale present from N Thailand to NW Malaysia (Langkawi Islands and Mahang-Baling)) Agematsu S., K. Sashida, S. Salyapongse & A. Sardsud (2006)- Ordovician-Silurian boundary graptolites of the Satun area, southern peninsular Thailand. Paleontological Res. 10, 3 p. 207-214. (online at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/prpsj/10/3/207/_pdf) (Black shale N of Satun, S Peninsular Thailand, lies upon Upper Ordovician limestone and rich in graptolites, including Normalograptus pseudovenustus, index species for interval around Ordovician-Silurian boundary) Agematsu S., K. Sashida, S. Salyapongse & A. Sardsud (2007)- Ordovician conodonts from the Satun area, Southern Peninsular Thailand. J. Paleont. 81, p. 19-37. (Well-preserved Ordovician conodonts from micritic limestone in Satun area of S peninsular Thailand. Faunas have N Atlantic Realm affinities, some of these faunas also reported from S China. Conodont-bearing limestone deposited on continental margin of NE Gondwana) Agematsu S., K. Sashida, S. Salyapongse & A. Sardsud (2008)- Early Ordovician conodonts from Tarutao Island, Southern Peninsular Thailand. Palaeontology 51, 6, p.1435-1453. (Early Ordovician conodont faunas from E Tremadocian - M Arenig Thung Song Fm on Tarutao Island 14 known and 8 undescribed species. Three zones: Rossodus manitouensis Zone, Utahconus tarutaoensis Zone and Filodontus tenuis Zone, . Deposited on deeper-shelf; S2 member limestone and shale shallow-water) Ahrendt, H., C. Chonglakmany, B.T. Hansen & D. Helmcke (1993)- Geochronological cross section through Northern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 207-217. Alam, M., M.M. Alam, J.R. Curray, M.L.R. Chowdhury& M.R. Gani (2003)- An overview of the sedimentary geology of the Bengal Basin in relation to the regional tectonic framework and basin-fill history. Sedim. Geol. 155, p. 179-208. (Bengal Basin at junction of juncture of three interacting plates: Indian, Burma and Tibetan (Eurasian) Plates. Major switch in sedimentation pattern during M Eocene- E Miocene as result of collision of India with Burma and Tibetan Blocks. By M Miocene, with continuing collision events and uplift in Himalayas and Indo-Burman Ranges a huge influx of clastic sediments came into basin from NE and E. From Pliocene onwards, large amounts of sediment filling basin from W and NW) Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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Altermann, W.W. (1986)- The Upper Palaeozoic pebbly mudstone facies of peninsular Thailand and western Malaysia- continental margin deposits of Palaeoeurasia. Geol. Rundschau 75, 2, p. 371-381. (Questions the glacial origin of Carboniferous-Lower Permian 'pebbly mudstones' of Phuket Group/ Singha Fm of S Thailand/ NW Malaysia. See also comments by Stauffer & Lee 1986) Altermann, W.W. (1989)- Facies development in the Permian Phetchabun Basin, Central Thailand. Verlag Wissenschaft und Bildung, 234 p. Altermann, W.W. (1991)- New Permo-Carboniferous geochemical data from central Thailand: implication for a volcanic arc model. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 87, p. 191-210. (On implications for SE Asia geotectonic reconstructions of new data on Late Carboniferous- M Permian quartz- keratophyric to spilitic volcanics from C Thailand. Volcanic rocks associated with platform carbonates and deep basin sediments suggest Late Paleozoic volcanic arc and subduction zone in West) Ampaiwan, T., P. Churasiri $ C. Kunwasi (2003)- Palynology of coal-bearing units in the Mae Ramat Basin, Tak Province, Northern Thailand: implications for the paleoclimate and the paleoenvironment. Nat. Hist. J. Chulalongkorn University 3, 2, p. 19-40. (online at: http://www2.biology.sc.chula.ac.th/web%20of%20NHJCU%20PDF/3-2,%2019-40.pdf) (Palynology of lacustrine shale core from Mae Ramat Basin. Exact age of sequence cannot be assigned, but was deduced from paleoclimate and time ranges of fossils as Early Miocene) Ampaiwan, T., K.I. Hisada & P. Charusiri (2009)- Lower Permian glacially influenced deposits in Phuket and adjacent islands, peninsular Thailand. Island Arc 18, 1, p. 52-68. (Dropstones and dump structures from Lower Permian diamictite-bearing sequence at Phuket and adjacent islands suggests sediments originated as glaciomarine (Basal Ko Sire Fm, up to 400m thick) and debris-flow deposits (Ko He Fm; ~400 m thick). Evidence of glacially influenced environment supports paleogeographic interpretation of Sibumasu block at NW Australian margin of Gondwana) Ampornmaha, A. (1995)- Triassic carbonate rocks in the Phattalung area, Peninsular Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, 3, p. 225-236. Carbonates near Phatthalung and others areas in Peninsular Thailand known as Permian Rat Buri Lst, but of Triassic age and here renamed Chaiburi Fm. Three members: basal Dienerian- Smithian dolomite with conodonts Neospathodus kummeli, N. waageni , etc., middle bedded limestone with thin chert layers and nodules with latest Spathian- M Anisian Neospathodus timorensis, N kockeli and Neogondolella bulgarica and Carnian massive limestone with coral buildups) Archbold, N.W. (1999)-. Additional records of Permian brachiopods from near Rat Buri, Thailand. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 111, p. 71-86. Asama K, N. Nakornsri, C. Hinthong & S. Sinsakul (1981)- Some younger Mesozoic plants from Trang, southern Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 22, University of Tokyo Press, p. 35-47. Asnachinda, P. (1978)- Tin mineralization in the Burmese-Malayan Peninsula. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1978, p. 293-299. Baird A. & D. Bosence (1993)- The sedimentological and diagenetic evolution of the Ratburi Limestone, Peninsular Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 173-180. (late Middle- early Late Permian Ratburi Lst in Peninsular Thailand is warm-water carbonate deposit in platform setting, suggesting Shan Thai (=Sibumasu) craton in low latitude position at this time. Platform topography and facies distribution controlled by extensional tectonics. Early dolomitisation, followed by karstification, in response to uplift of Late Permian Indosinian orogeny. Petroleum potential from long karst history (Late Permian- present day) and source potential of platform carbonate mudstone. E-dipping subduction of Indian Ocean Plate resulted in granite magmatism in peninsula during Cretaceous)


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Bal, A.A., H.M. Burgisser, D.K.Harris, M.A. Herber, S.M. Rigby, S. Thumprasertwong & F.J. Winkler (1992)The Tertiary Phitsanulok lacustrine basin, Thailand. In: Proc. Geological resources of Thailand: potential for future development, Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok 1992, p. 247-258. Bannert, D., A. Sang Lyen & T. Htay (2011)- The geology of the Indoburman Ranges in Myanmar. Geol. Jahrbuch B 101, p. 1-101. Barber, A.J., M.F. Ridd & M.J. Crow (2011)- The origin, movement and assembly of the pre-Tertiary tectonic units of Thailand. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 507-537. Barley, M.E., A.L. Pickard, K. Zaw, P. Rak & M.G. Doyle (2003)- Jurassic to Miocene magmatism and metamorphism in the Mogok metamorphic belt and the India‐Eurasia collision in Myanmar. Tectonics 22, 3, 1019, p. 1-11. (Mogok metamorphic belt at W margin of Shan-Thai terrane. Deformed granitic orthogneisses contain Jurassic (∼170 Ma) zircons, partly recrystallized during ∼43 Ma high-grade metamorphism. Syenite from Mandalay Hill also with Jurassic zircons with evidence of Eocene metamorphic recrystallization rimmed by thin zones of ~31 Ma magmatic zircon. Abundance of Jurassic zircons consistent with Andean-type margin at S Eurasia at that time. Mid-Cretaceous- E Eocene (120-50 Ma) I-type granitoids in the MMB and W Myanmar confirm up to 200 km wide magmatic belt along Eurasian margin from Pakistan to Sumatra) Barr, S.M. & P. Charusiri (2011)- Volcanic rocks. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 415-439. Barr, S.M. & A.S. MacDonald (1991)- Toward a late Palaeozoic-early Mesozoic tectonic model for Thailand. J. Thai Geosciences 1991, 1, p. 11-22. Barr, S.M., A.S. Macdonald, D.R. Dunning & W. Yaowanoiyothin (1993)- The Doi-Inthanon metamorphic core complex in NW Thailand: age and tectonic significance. In: GEOSEA VII Conf., Bangkok 1991, J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 117-125. (Doi Inthanon complex in belt of high-grade gneissic rocks along W mountain ranges of Thailand. Domeshaped orthogneissic core, mantled by mylonitic paragneisses, separated by detachment surfaces from cover of mainly E Paleozoic low-grade to unmetamorphosed sediments. Zircon from core orthogneiss suggests derivation from Late Triassic-E Jurassic granitic protolith, with high-grade metamorphism in Late Cretaceous. Development of complex between Late Cretaceous and Miocene, in response to major crustal thinning) Barr, S.M., A.S. Macdonald, D.R. Dunning, P. Ounchanum & W.Yaowanoiyothin (2000)- U-Pb (zircon) age, and paleotectonic setting of the Lampang volcanic belt, northern Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. London 157, p. 553563. Barr, S.M., C. Tantisukrit, W. Yaowanoiyothin & A.S. Macdonald (1990)- Petrology and tectonic implications of Upper Palaeozoic volcanic rocks of the Chiang Mai belt, northern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, p. 37-47. Bastin, H., E. Braun, A. Hess, K.E. Koch, V. Stein, D. Stoppel & R. Wolfart (1970)- Silurian and early Devonian biostratigraphy in northwestern Thailand. Newslett. Stratigraphy 1,p. 25-32. (Silurian and E Devonian graptolites from Paleotethys suture zone melange between Shan-Tai (=Sibumasu) and Indochina terranes) Baum, F., E von Braun, A. Hess, K.E. Koch, G. Kruse, H. Quarch & M. Siebenhuner (1970)- On the geology of northern Thailand. Beih. Geol. Jahrbuch 102, 23 p. Bender, F. (1983)- Geology of Burma. Beitrage Regionalen Geologie der Erde 16, Borntrager, Berlin, 293p.


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Benammi, M., Y. Chaimanee, J.J. Jaeger, V. Suteethorn & S. Ducrocq (2001)- Eocene Krabi basin (southern Thailand): paleontology and magnetostratigraphy. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 113, 2, p. 265-273. (Late Eocene Krabi section from Krabi basin ~105 m of siltstones, sandstones, claystones, lignites, and limestones. Mammalian biostratigraphy indicates Late Eocene age. Correlation of magnetostratigraphy to Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale suggests age of section between 31 -34 Ma) Benammi, M., Chaimanee, Y., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J. & J.J. Jaeger (2004)- Magnetostratigraphic study of the continental sedimentary sequence of Chiang Muan Basin, northern Thailand: implication for the age of the first Miocene hominoids from Thailand. Int. Geol. Rev. 46, p. 646-654, Benammi, M., J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi, L.M. Alva-Valdivia,Y. Chaimanee, S. Triamwichanon & J.J. Jaeger (2002)- Magnetostratigraphy of the middle Miocene continental sedimentary sequences of the Mae Moh Basin in northern Thailand: evidence for counterclockwise block rotation: Earth Planet. Sci. Letters 204, p. 373-383. Bhargava, O.N. (1987)- Stratigraphy, microfacies and palaeoenvironment of the Lilang Group (ScythianDogger), Spiti Valley, Himachal Himalaya, India. J. Paleont. Soc. India 32, p. 92-107. (Online at: http://palaeontologicalsociety.in/vol32/v9.pdf. Triassic- M Jurassic shelfal carbonate-doninated succession at N margin of Greater India Plate in Himalayas, once contigous with Australian NW Shelf margin) Booth, J. (2011)- The Nakhon Thai Ranges fold-belt in northern Thailand- evolution of a Late Palaeozoic play from concept to drillable prospects. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 22, 38p. (Presentation package) Booth, J. & N. Sattayarak (2011)- Subsurface Carboniferous- Cretaceous geology of NE Thailand. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 185-222. Boucot, A.J., L.R.M. Cocks & P.R. Racheboeuf (1999)- Early Devonian brachiopods from Satun Province, Southern Thailand. J. Paleontology 73, 5, p. 850-859. (Brachiopods from E Devonian (Emsian) Pa Samed Fm mudstones of S Thailand, on Shan Tai/ Sibumasu Block. Represent deeper-water benthic assemblages. Can not be assigned to particular biogeographic region) Brown, G.F., S. Buravas, J. Charaljavanaphet, N. Jalichandra, W.D. Johnston et al. (1951)- Geologic reconnaissance of the mineral deposits of Thailand. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 984, p. 1-183. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0984/report.pdf) Bruhwiler, T., N. Goudemand, T. Galfetti, H. Bucher, A. Baud, D. Ware, E. Hermann, P.A. Hochuli & R. Martini (2009)- The Lower Triassic sedimentary and carbon isotope records from Tulong (South Tibet) and their significance for Tethyan palaeoceanography. Sediment. Geol. 222, p. 314-332. Brunnschweiler, R.O. (1970)- Contributions to the post-Silurian geology of Burma (Northern Shan States and Karen state). J. Geol. Soc. Australia 17, 1, p. 59-79. Brunnschweiler, R.O. (1974)- Indoburman Ranges- data for orogenic studies. In: A.M. Spencer (ed.) MesozoicCenozoic orogenic belts, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 279-299. Buffetaut, E. & R. Ingavat (1982)- Phytosaur remains (Reptilia, Thecodontia) from the Upper Triassic of NorthEastern Thailand. Geobios 15, 1, p. 7-15. (Late Triassic vertebrate fragments of phytosaurs (related to Belodon, Rutiodon) at Chulabhorn Dam suggest NE Thailand already biogeographically part of Laurasia in Late Triassic) Buffetaut, E.H. & V. Suteethorn (1998)- The biogeographical significance of the Mesozoic vertebrate from Thailand. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 83-90.


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(Late Triassic- Early Cretaceous non-marine vertebrates of Thailand show relationships to Eurasian and Chinese faunas) Buffetaut, E.H., H. Tong & V. Suteethorn (1994)- First post-Triassic labyrinthodont amphibian in Southeast Asia: a temnospondyl intercentrum from Jurassic of Thailand. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Pal. 11, p. 659-666. Bunjitradulya, S. (1978)- A review of the Lower Palaeozoic rock of Thailand. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1978, p. 721-730. Bunopas, S. (1976)- On the stratigraphic successions in Thailand- a preliminary summary. J. Geol. Soc. Thailand 2, p. 31-58. Bunopas, S. (1981)- Paleogeographic history of western Thailand and adjacent parts of South-East Asia- a plate tectonics interpretation. Ph.D. Thesis Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, p. 1-810. Bunopas, S. (1982)- Palaeogeographic history of Western Thailand and adjacent parts of Southeast Asia- a plate tectonics interpretation. Geol. Survey Paper No. 5. Dept. Min. Res., Bangkok, 810 p. (Reprint of thesis above) Bunopas, S. (1983)- Paleozoic succession in Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 39-76. Bunopas, S. (1994)- Regional stratigraphy, paleogeographic and tectonic events of Thailand and continental Southeast Asia. In: P. Angsuwathana et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symposium on stratigraphic correlation of Southeast Asia, Bangkok, p. 2-24. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/6936.pdf) Bunopas, S. & P. Vella (1978)- Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic structural evolution of northern Thailand, a plate tectonics model. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1978, p. 133-140. Bunopas, S. & P. Vella (1983)- Tectonic and geologic evolution of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand and Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 307-322. (Thailand consists of two microcontinents: Shan-Tai and Sukhotai foldbelt (=Sibumasu) in W and Indochina and eastern foldbelt in E. Both cratonic fragments derived from Australian Gondwana in Paleozoic, and sutured in M-L Triassic. Gulf of Thailand formed by Late Cretaceous- E Tertiary rifting- spreading) Burri, P. (1989)- Hydrocarbon potential of Tertiary intermontane basins of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symposium on intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang Mai, p. 3-12. Burrett, C.F., S.P. Carey & T. Wongwanich (1986)- A Siluro-Devonian carbonate sequence in northern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 1, 4, p. 215-220. (220 m thick Silurian-M Devonian calcarenites-calcisiltites at Mae Ping, 100 km S of Chiang Mai. Overlie tentaculitid shale and with abundant orthoconic nautiloids also known from S Europe and Australia) Burton, C.K. (1967)- Graptolite and tentaculite corelations and palaeogeography of the Silurian and Devonian in the Yunnan- Malaya geosyncline. Trans. Proc. Paleont. Soc. Japan, N.S. 65, p. 27-46. (Silurian-Devonian deeper marine graptolites and tentaculites found from W Yunnan (S China)- E Burma-W Thailand into NW Malay Peninsula (incl. Langkawi) (=Sibumasu Block)) Burton, C.K. (1974)- Peninsular Thailand. In: A.M. Spencer (ed.) Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 301-315. (Older overview of Triassic-Jurassic Yunnan-Malayan orogeny of W Thailand in terms of geosynclinal theory)


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Burton, C.K. (1986)- The Kanchanaburi supergroup of Peninsular and Western Thailand. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 311361. Canham A.C., M.A. Love, A. Racey & S. Polachan (1996)- Stratigraphy and reservoir potential of the Mesozoic Khorat Group, NE Thailand: Part 2: Diagenesis and reservoir quality. J. Petrol. Geol. 19, p. 321-338. (Khorat Gp Cretaceous continental red-beds, unconformably over lithologically-similar Nam Phong Fm. Reservoir quality decreases with increasing age due to burial compaction and diagenesis. Maximum burial depth >7 km. Porosities from 11% in uppermost Khorat Gp to 4.9% in Nam Phong Fm. Ratio of secondary grain-dissolution porosity to primary porosity increases with age) Cao, R.G. (1986)- Discovery of Late Carboniferous glacial-marine deposits in Western Yunnan. Geol. Rev. 32, p. 236-242. Caridroit, M. (1993)- Permian radiolaria from NW Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Proc. Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia, facies and paleontology 1, Chiang Mai University, p. 83-96. Caridroit, M., D. Bohlke. & A. Lamchuan (1993)- A mixed radiolarian fauna (Permian/Triassic) from clastics of the Mae Sariang area, northwestern Thailand. In T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Proc. Int. Symposium on Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology (BIOSEA), Chiang Mai, 2, p. 401–413. Caridroit, M., H. Fontaine,V. Suteethorn & D. Vachard (1990)- New paleontological data on the Carboniferous and Permian of NW Thailand. In: Ten years of CCOP research on the pre-Tertiary of East Asia, CCOP., Special Vol., p. 337-351. Caridroit, M., D. Vachard & H. Fontaine (1992)- Datations par radiolaires (Carbonifere, Permien et Trias) en Thailande nord-occidentale. Mise en evidence de nappes de charriage et d'olistostromes. Compte Rendu Acad. Sci. Paris 314, p. 515-520. Cariou, E. & R. Enay (1999)- Les ammonites du Bathonien et du Callovien de Thakkhola (Nepal central): biochronologie et interet paleobiogeographique. Geobios 32, 5, p. 701-726. (‘Bathonian-Callovian Ammonites from Thakkhola, C. Nepal: biochronology and palaeobiogeographical aspects’. Late Bathonian faunas dominated by Macrocephalitinae, like those from Sula Islands, New Guinea and considered until now as endemic in that area. Presence in Nepal gives evidence of early phase of W-ward migration of Macrocephalitinae along Gondwana N margin from roots in SW Pacific region) Carter, A. & C.S. Bristow (2003)- Linking hinterland evolution and continental basin sedimentation by using detrital zircon thermochronology: a study of the Khorat Plateau Basin, eastern Thailand. Basin Res. 15, p. 271285. (Khorat Plateau Basin, E Thailand, U-Pb and fission-track (FT) zircon data from Phu Kradung Fm age peaks at 141 ± 17 and 210 ±24 Ma (FT) and 2456, 2001, 251 and 168 Ma (U-Pb). FT data record post-metamorphic cooling, U-Pb data record zircon growth events. U-Pb zircon ages consistent with Qinling Orogenic Belt as source for Khorat Basin sediments. Zircon FT cooling peaks between 114 ±6 (Phra Wihan Fm) and 141 ±17 Ma (Phu Kradung Fm), corresponding to Late Jurassic-E Cretaceous reactivation event, which affected Qinling Belt. Early Cretaceous erosion from collision between Lhasa Block and Eurasia) Carter, A., C.S. Bristow & A. Hurford (1995)- Constraints on the thermal history and provenance of the Khorat Group in Thailand using Fission Track Analysis. In: Proc. IGCP Symposium on Geology of SE Asia, Hanoi 1995, J. Geology B, 1995, 5/6, p. 342-353. (Khorat Gp on Khorat Plateau up to 4000m thick redbed sequence of Cretaceous age. Zircon fission track data show two age peaks: major Late Triassic (~195 Ma), lesser ~109, 135, 158 Ma ages. Increase in zircon ages through Khorat Group suggest progressive unroofing in foreland basin)


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Carter, A. & P.D. Clift (2008)- Was the Indosinian orogeny a Triassic mountain building or a thermotectonic reactivation event? Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340, p. 83-93. (No definitive evidence for Triassic age of collision between Indochina and S China blocks. Indosinian event in S China/ Vietnam is reactivation event caused by closure of Palaeotethys with accretion of Sibumasu block to Indochina in E-M Triassic (~250-220 Ma)) Carter, A., D. Roques, C. Bristow & P. Kinny (2001)- Understanding Mesozoic accretion in Southeast Asia: significance of Triassic thermotectonism (Indosinian orogeny) in Vietnam. Geology 29, 3, p. 211-214. (Zircon U-Pb study of metamorphic basement of Vietnam show large part was affected by short-lived episode of ductile deformation and high T metamorphism between 258 ± 6 Ma and 243 ± 5 Ma (Late Permian- earliest Triassic), caused by accretion of Sibumasu to Indochina- S China ('Indosinian Orogeny'). Coincident with final N-S China collision (Qinling orogenesis)) Chaodumrong, P., Y. Ukakimapan, S. Snansieng, S. Janmaha et al. (1983)- A review of the Tertiary sedimentary rocks of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 159-187. (In Thailand 61 small intermontane and larger basins, with mainly lacustrine and fluvial sediments) Chaodumrong, P., X. Wang & S. Shen (2007)- Permian lithostratigraphy of the Shan-Tai terrane in Thailand: revision of the Kaeng Krachan and Ratburi Groups. In: GEOTHAI’07 Int. Conf. Geology of Thailand, Bangkok 2007, p. 229-236. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/Proceedings/M_1/2007/12727.pdf) (Revision of Permian stratigraphy of clastics-dominated Asselian-Kungurian Kaeng Krachan Gp and overlying carbonates of Roadian-Wuchiapingian Ratburi Gp. Ratburi Gp contains fusulinids Pseudofusilina and Eopolydiexodina sp. and small foram Shanita. Can be traced from Malaysia, through peninsular Thailand, Myanmar, W Yunnan to Lhasa) Charusiri, P., A.H. Clark, E. Farrar, D. Archibald & B. Charusiri (1993)- Granite belts in Thailand: evidence from the 40Ar/39Ar geochronological and geological syntheses. In: 7th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 7, J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 127-136. (Three granitoid belts of Thailand formed in different geotectonic environments. E Belt formed in Triassic (245-210 Ma), C Belt in Late Triassic - M Jurassic (220-180 Ma), and W Belt in Late Cretaceous- M Tertiary (80-50 Ma). S-type granitoid rocks in W and C belts result of Shan-Thai/Indo-China and Shan-Thai/ W Burma microcontinental plate collisions. I-type granitoids of E belt, formed as result of subduction of oceanic lithospherie under Shan-Thai and Indo-China microcontinents) Charusiri, P., V. Daorerk & D. Archibald, K. Hisada & T. Ampaiwan (2002)- Geotectonic evolution of Thailand: a new synthesis. J. Geol. Soc. Thailand 1, p. 1-20. Charusiri, P., S. Imsamut, Z. Zhuang, T. Ampaiwan & X. Xu (2006)- Paleomagnetism of the earliest Cretaceous to early late Cretaceous sandstones, Khorat Group, Northeast Thailand: implications for tectonic plate movement of the Indochina block. Gondwana Res. 9, p. 310-325. (Paleomagnetic study of samples from earliest Cretaceous to early Late Cretaceous sandstones of Khorat Gp in Indochina block suggest paleolatitude similar to today. Major displacement of Indochina along Red River and associated faults by ~950 km with 16-17° CW rotation relative S China plate in earliest Cretaceous. Indochina plate rotated 20-25° CW since very Late Cretaceous-E Neogene, may be due to India-Asia collision) Charvet, J., H. Lapierre & Y. Yu (1994)- Geodynamic significance of the Mesozoic volcanism of southeastern China. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 4, p. 387-396. (Two main magmatic episodes during Yenshanian cycle, separated by tectonic event: (1) Late Jurassic-M Cretaceous; (2) Late Cretaceous bimodal suite of continental basalts and acidic rocks, separated by angular unconformity. Geodynamic evolution: (1) subduction of Izanagi plate beneath E Asian continental margin until M Cretaceous; (2) collision with W Philippines Block around E-L Cretaceous boundary; (3) post-collisional extension and onset of rifting during Late Cretaceous)


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Chen, B. & G. Xie (1994)- Evolution of the Tethys in Yunnan and Tibet . J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 4, p. 349-354. (Five ophiolite belts in Yunnan and Tibet, two represent Paleotethys and two Mesotethys. Lancangjiang belt is suture between Gondwana and Eurasia (N limit of Glossopteris flora and cool-water faunas). Palaeotethys closed in Late Permian, resulting in extention of W margin of Yangtze plate. Mesotethys opened after closure of Paleotethys and disappeared at end Mesozoic) Chen, F., X.H. Li, X.L. Wang, Q.L. Li & W. Siebel (2007)- Zircon age and Nd–Hf isotopic composition of the Yunnan Tethyan belt, southwestern China. Int. J. Earth Sci. 96, 6, p. 1179-1194. (Baoshan block, SW China, is N part of Sibumasu microcontinent. Zircon ages and Nd-Hf isotopic composition of granites show granites formed in E Paleozoic (~470 Ma) and Latest Cretaceous- E Paleocene (Yanshanian; ~ 78-61 Ma). E Paleozoic granite contains Archean- Mesoproterozoic inherited zircons, clustering around 1,900-1,800 and 1,600-1,400 Ma. Yanshanian magmatism related to closure of Neotethys ocean) Chinbunchorn, N., S. Pradidtan & N. Sattayarak (1989)- Petroleum potential of Tertiary intermontane basins in Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symp. Intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang Mai, p. 29-42. Chinoroje, O. (1993)- Petrographic studies of Permian carbonates in Southern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 161-171. Chitnarin, A., S. Crasquin, C. Chonglakmani, J. Broutin, P. J. Grote & N. Thanee (2008)- Middle Permian Ostracods from Tak Fa Limestone, Phetchabun Province, Central Thailand. Geobios 41, 3, p. 341-353. (First Permian ostracod fauna described from Thailand, from M Permian Tak Fa Lst in Phetchabun province, C Thailand. Shallow marine, nearshore assemblages. 15 species mainly endemic, except one, which shows paleobiogeographic links between C Thailand and S China) Chonglakmani, C. (1983)- The marine Mesozoic stratigraphy of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 105-126. (Marine Mesozoic rel. widespread in W Thailand (mainly non-marine in NE). Mainly Triassic, also complete Jurassic section) Chonglakmani, C. (1985)- Report on work done along SEATAR Transect-1. Proc. 21st Sess. CCOP, Bandung 1984, 2, Techn. repts., p. 144-162. Chonglakmani, C. (1999)- The Triassic system of Thailand: implication on geotectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. In: Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 43, p. 95-102. Chonglakmani, C. (2011)- Triassic. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 137-150. Chonglakmani, C., W.W. Duan & H.Fontaine (1993)- Note on the continental deposits of Peninsular Thailand with a description of some conchostracans. Oil and Gas Geology 11,1, p. 31-37. (Conchostracans collected from continental sediments halfway between Trong and Krabi dominated by Pseudograpta spp and probably of late M Jurassic age. Associaaated with plants, crocodile teeth, etc.) Chonglakmani, C. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1993)- Biostratigraphy and facies variation of the marine Triassic sequences in Thailand. Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, Chiang Mai 1993, Chiang Mai University, 1, p. 97-123. (Relatively complete marine Triassic section in Thailand >3000m thick. Twelve faunal zones, mainly based on bivalve molluscs; ammonoids relatively rare)


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Chonglakmani, C. & D. Helmcke (2001)- Geodynamic evolution of Loei and Phetchabun regions- does the discovery of detrital chromian spinels from the Nam Duk Formation (Permian, North-Central Thailand) provide new constraint? Gondwana Res. 4, 3, p. 437-442. (Chromian spinel in Permian Nam Duk Fm sandstones confirms erosion of mountain belt. Could be detritus from older orogen in E (in which case Nam Duk Fm represents passive continental margin of 'Indochina craton') or, more likely, sedimentary wedge associated with M-U Permian compressional deformation/uplift further W (Nan-Uttaradit region)) Choowong, M. (2011)- Quaternary. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 335-350. Chutakositkanon, V. & K. Hisada (2008)- Tectono-stratigraphy of the Sa Kaeo-Chanthaburi accretionary complex, Eastern Thailand: reconstruction of tectonic evolution of oceanic plate- Indochina collision. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok 2008, p. 330-338. (online at: http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/101.pdf) (Sa Kaeo suture in E Thailand formerly proposed to be collision zone between Sibumasu and Indochina blocks. Redefined as Sa Kaeo-Chanthaburi Accretionary Complex: melange with Late Paleozoic blocks, characterized by oceanic plate materials (OPM) of basalt lava and overlying chert with seamount-typed limestone, subducted/accreted to W edge of Indochina in latest Permian, covered by turbidite deposits in M Triassic) Cobbing, E.J. (2011)- Granitic rocks. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 441-457. Cocks, L.R.M. & R.A. Fortey (1997)- A new Hirnantia fauna from Thailand and the biogeography of the latest Ordovician of south-east Asia. Geobios 30, Suppl. 1,p. 117-126. (New occurrence of widespread latest Ashgill Hirnantia shelly fauna from S Thailand. Fauna similar to N Shan States, Myanmar and to S China, indicating that Sibumasu (Shan-Thai) palaeocontinent, on which Thailand and N Shan States were situated in Ordovician and Silurian closer to S China than previously supposed) Cooper, M.A., R. Herbert & G.S. Hill (1989)- The structural evolution of Triassic intermontane basins in Northeastern Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symp. on Intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang Mai 1989, p. 231-242. (Description of NE Thailand Late Triassic half-grabens filled with fluvial sediments, explained as collapse following Late Permian- E Triassic 'Indosinian' Shan Tai- Indochina plates collision. Overlain by sag-phase Jurassic- Cretaceous continental sediments of Khorat Gp. Basin system inverted during Late Cretaceous- E Tertiary compression caused by Kohistan Arc collision (=W Burma plate?)) Coster, P., M. Benammi, Y. Chaimanee, C. Yamee O. Chavasseau, E.G. Emonet & J.J. Jaeger (2010)- A complete magnetic-polarity stratigraphy of the Miocene continental deposits of Mae Moh Basin, northern Thailand, and a reassessment of the age of hominoid-bearing localities in northern Thailand. Geol. Soc. America Bull., 26568, 12p. (N Thailand has >40 Tertiary intermontane basins. Some contain hominoid fossils and rich Neogene mammal faunas. Magnetic-polarity stratigraphy used for age calibration in Mae Moh Basin, Lampang Province. 15 polarity zones recognized between 14.1- 12.0 Ma. Correlation with nearby Chiang Muan basin suggest age of beds with large-bodied hominoid Khoratpithecus chiangmuanensis is between 12.4- 12.2 Ma) Crow, M.J. (2011)- Radiometric ages of Thailand rocks. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 593-614. Crow, M.J. & K. Zaw (2011)- Metalliferous minerals. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 459-492.


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Cullen, P.J., P.L. Birch, S.C. Wright, C.J. Keamey & A.T. Pink (1997)- Exploration in the Savannakhet Basin, Peoples Democratic Republic of Laos. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 425-447. (Collision of Indochina Block with S China Plate in E Carboniferous led to initiation of Khorat Basin as foreland basin to Annamitic fold-belt of NE Vietnam. Subsequent Permo-Triassic collision of Shan-Thai plate from W trapped Indochina Block between converging thrust-fold belts. Marine clastic foredeep and carbonate foreland ramp sedimentation gave way to continental foreland basin deposition across Mesozoic Khorat intermontane basin. Later collision of Lhasa/Myanmar Block and Indian Plate from W rejuvenated earlier compressional structures and propagated fold belts into foreland, resulting in isolation of sub-basins including Savannakhet Basin. Three hydrocarbon plays identified: Palaeozoic carbonate play analogous to Khorat Plateau play of Thailand, Triassic clastic play, and E Jurassic Khorat Group clastics play) Dawson, O.T. (1978)- Depositional and diagenetic fabrics of Permian limestone from Saraburi, Central Thailand. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia,Bangkok 1978, p. 47-60. (Study of 1400m of Permian Ratburi Lst, N of Saraburi, C Thailand. Fusulinid faunas can be correlated with Misellina, Neoschwagerina zones of Tethyan Realm) Dawson, O. (1993)- Fusiline foraminiferal biostratigraphy and carbonate facies of the Permian Ratburi Limestone, Saraburi, central Thailand. J. Micropalaeontology 12, p. 9-33. (Succession of Permian carbonates outcropping along N of Saraburi, C Thailand, yielded rich E Permian (Sakmarian) to early Late Permian (Midian) fusuline-algal assemblages. Six facies unit. Archaeolithoporella and Tubiphytes form major reef frameworks analogous to M Permian reefs of Austria and W Texas. Associated dasycladacean floras assignable to E Circum-Pacific Realm, fusiline faunas Arctic-Tethyan affinities in E Permian and Tethyan affinities in M Permian. Eight fusuline assemblage zones) Dawson, O., A. Baird & D. Bosence (1993)- No reef-rimmed margins to the Permian carbonate platforms of Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 181-186. (C Thailand E Permian platform, margins formed mainly by grainstones, with only small ArchaelithoporellaTubiphytes- calcisponges boundstone biostromes. In Ratburi area of Peninsular Thailand, small M Permian Tubiphytes bioherms on platform interior ridges, not in shelf marginal position) Dawson, O. & A. Racey (1993)- Fusuline-calcareous algal biofacies of the Permian Ratburi Limestone, Saraburi, Central Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 49-65. (Ratburi Lst M Permian transgressive/regressive carbonate platform sequence. Within regressive sequences, successive fusuline foram-algal biofacies are distinguishable and interpreted as progressively shallower-water environments. At generic level fusulinid distribution depth controlled, with 6 assemblages distinguishable) Dawson, O., A. Racey & J.E. Whittaker (1993)- The palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical significance of Shanita (foraminifera) and associated foraminifera/ algae from the Permian of peninsular Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, Chiang Mai 1993, p. 283-295. (Late Permian Tethyan foram Shanita amosi in Ratburi Lst. Good marker for Tethyan Late Permian) Dill, H.G., R. Botz, F.W. Luppold & F. Henjes-Kunst (2005)- Hypogene and supergene alteration of the Late Palaeozoic Ratburi Limestone during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic (Thailand, Surat Thani Province). Implications for the concentration of mineral commodities and hydrocarbons. Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundschau) 94, p. 24-46. (Interdisciplinary study of Late Carboniferous-M Permian Ratburi Gp, Peninsular Thailand, with emphasis on multi-stage diagenesis of Ratburi Lst in Surat Thani Province) Dill, H.G., F.W. Luppold, A Techmer, P.l Chaodumrong & S. Phoonphun (2004)- Lithology, micropaleontology and chemical composition of calcareous rocks of Paleozoic through Cenozoic age (Surat Thani Province, central Peninsular Thailand): implications concerning the environment of deposition and the economic potential of limestones. J. Asian Earth Sci. 23, p. 63-89.


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Ducrocq, S., E. Buffetaut, H. Buffetaut-Tong, Y. Chaimanee, J.J. Jaeger, R. Lacassin & V. Suteethorn (1993)Age and correlations of the Neogene continental basins from Thailand. In: 7th Reg. Conf. Geology, Min. Energy Res. SE Asia (GEOSEA VII), Bangkok 1991, p. Ducrocq, S., Y. Chaimanee, V. Suteethorn & J.J. Jaeger (1994)- Ages and paleoenvironment of Miocene mammalian faunas from Thailand. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 108, p. 149-163. Ducrocq, S., Y. Chaimanee, V. Suteethorn & J.J. Jaeger (1995)- Mammalian faunas and the ages of the continental Tertiary fossiliferous localities from Thailand. J. Southeast Asia Earth Sci. 12, p. 65-78. (Krabi Basin in SW Thailand 27 mammal species of Late Eocene age. Localities from N Thailand M Miocene (16-14 Ma)). Dunning, G.R., A.S. Macdonald & S.M. Barr (1995)- Zircon and monazite U-Pb dating of the Doi Inthanon core complex, northern Thailand: implications for extension within the Indosinian Orogen. Tectonophysics 251, p. 197-213. (Doi Inthanon metamorphic core complex in NW Thai gneiss belt. Zircon dating of orthogneisses suggests derivation from Late Triassic-Early Jurassic granitic protoliths (~205 Ma). High-T metamorphism events in Late Cretaceous (84-72 Ma) and Late Oligocene (~27 Ma). Development of gneiss belt between Late Cretaceous- Early Miocene. Uplift and tectonic denudation chronologically overlap initiation of extensional basins to E and SE and imply genetic connection) El Tabakh, M., B.C. Schreiber, C. Utha-Aroon, L. Coshell & J.K. Warren (1998)- Diagenetic origin of basal anhydrite in the Cretaceous Maha Sarakham salt: Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand. Sedimentology 45, p. 579-594. (Development of `Basal Anhydrite' of Cretaceous Maha Sarakham Saline Fm, Khorat Plateau, due to leaching or pressure dissolution of salt at contact between underlying active sandstone aquifer system and overlying massive halite-dominated evaporite sequence) El Tabakh, M. & C. Utha-Aroon (1998)- Evolution of a Permian carbonate platform to siliciclastic basin: Indochina Plate, Thailand. Sedim. Geol. 121, p. 97-119 (Extensive Permian carbonate platform developed in Thailand on margin of Indochina Plate and near deeper siliciclastic-dominated marine basin, which separated Indochina Plate in E from Shan Thai Plate in W. Sedimentation in both areas ended by late Permian/early Triassic closure of Palaeo-Tethys ocean. Tectonism controlled pattern of platform sedimentation and supplies of carbonate and clastic sediments into basin) El Tabakh, M., C. Utha-Aroon, J.K. Warren & B.C. Schreiber (2003)- Origin of dolomites in the Cretaceous Maha Sarakham evaporites of the Khorat Plateau, northeast Thailand. Sedimentary Geol. 157, p. 235-252. (Khorat Plateau of NE Thailand and Laos area of widespread deposition of evaporites and siliciclastics (Maha Sarakham Fm) in Cretaceous. Three types of dolomites associated with this formation) Filleul, A. & D. Vu Khuc (2001)- A new fish fauna from the Jurassic of Vietnam. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, Issue 5, p. 641-647. (Fish fauna from U Jurassic Long Binh Fm of Vietnam. Mainly small actinopterygian fish, three different taxa) Flint, S., D.J. Stewart, T. Hyde, C.A. Gevers, O.R.F. Dubrule & E.D. Van Riessen (1988)- Aspects of reservoir geology and production behaviour of Sirikit Oil Field, Thailand: an integrated study using well and 3-D seismic data. AAPG Bull. 72, p. 1254-1268. Flower, M.F.J., N. Hoang, N. Trong Yem, N. Xuan Bao, R. McCabe & S.H. Harder (1993)- Cenozoic magmatism in Indochina: lithospere extension and mantle potential temperature. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 211-222. (Cenozoic basaltic magmatism of Vietnam- Cambodia initiated at ~15Ma, peaked between ~5 and 0.5 Ma, postdates opening of S Chna Sea and is associated with lithospheric extension)


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Fontaine, H. (1988)- Permian corals of West Thailand. CCOP Techn. Bull. 20, p. 112-127. Fontaine, H. (1990)- Some Devonian corals and stromatoporoids from Northeast Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch B73, p. 57-79. Fontaine, H. (1990)- Carboniferous corals from Northeast Thailand (northeast of Loei). Geol. Jahrbuch B73, p. 81-89. Fontaine, H. (1990)- New data on foraminifera, algae and pseudo-algae of the Visean and Bashkirian (LowerMiddle Carboniferous) from Northeast Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch B73, p. 91-109. Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- The Carboniferous of Thailand: its fossils and sediments. In: Proc. 24th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok 1987, 2, p. 125-129. (Thailand Carboniferous 3 provinces: (1) Peninsular and Kanchanaburi: rare fossils and glacial? pebbly mudstones in upper part, (2) N and NW Thailand: more fossiliferous but poorly studied, and (3) E Thailand: fossiliferous limestones with fusulinids, corals, etc., throughout Carboniferous) Fontaine, H., S. Lovachalasupaporn & B. Sektheera (1990)- Distribution of corals and coral reefs in the permian of Thailand. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) Ten years of CCOP research on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia, CCOP Techn. Publ. 20, p. 271-280. (Reprint of paper in CCOP Newsletter 9, 2 (1982). Coral-bearing Permian limestones common in Thailand, particularly Middle Permian of C Thailand, but not all represent reefs) Fontaine, H., B. Mistaen, W. Tantiwanit & T. Tong-Dzuy (1990)- Devonian fossils from Northeast Thailand: some new data from Tabulata and Stromatoporoidea. CCOP Techn. Publ. 20, p. 289-296. Fontaine, H. & S. Salyapongse (1997)- Unexpected discovery of Early Carboniferous (Late ViseanSerpukhovian) coarals in East Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok 1997, p. 48-52. Fontaine, H. & S. Salyapongse (1997)- Biostratigraphy of East Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok 1997, p. 73-82. Fontaine, H. & S. Salyapongse (2001)- A Murgabian to Lower Triassic sequence exposed from Khao Tham Yai to Khao Pa Khi, Notheast Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. Thailand 2001, 1, p. 43-47. Fontaine, H., S. Salyapongse, V. Suteethorn (2003)- Glimpses into fossil assemblages of Thailand: coral perspectives. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 51, 1, p. 37-67. (online at: http://www.thaiscience.info/journals/Article/Glimpses…) (General paper of fossil corals of Thailand. Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic corals widespread; Devonian and Jurassic corals locally common; Ordovician and Silurian corals rare and poorly known. Includes Devonian limestone in NE Thailand area near Laos border (possibly Givetian- E Frasnian; affinities with Vietnam and S China) with rich coral faunas, incl. stromatoporoid Chlathrodictyon and tabulate coral Heliolites porosus (= same taxa as reported by Rutten 1940 from NE Kalimantan)) Fontaine, H., S. Salyapongse, V. Suteethorn & D. Vachard (2000)- Widespread occurrence of Triassic limestones Northwest of Uthai Tani in West Thailand. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 48, 1, p. 7-19. (online at: http://www.thaiscience.info/..) (Two parallel N-S trending series of limestone hills associated with volcanic rocks NW of Uthai Thani, W Thailand, previously considered Silurian-Devonian and Permian in age, here assigned to Upper Triassic. Abundant coral. Foraminifera suggest Norian age.)


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Fontaine, H. & V. Suteethorn (2000)- Devonian and Lower Carboniferous corals found in Ban Na Klang Area, Loei Province, Northeast Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. Thailand 2000, 1, p. 27-33. Fontaine, H., V. Suteethorn & D. Vachard (1995)- The Carboniferous of northeast Thailand: a review with new data. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, p. 1–17. (All stages of Carboniferous are represented in NE Thailand. In parts of area, they are overlain by Permian (mainly limestone). M-U Devonian limestone, shale and chert occur occasionally in C and N parts of area) Fontaine, H. & W. Tantiwanit (1987)- Discovery of widespread and very fossiliferous Devonian beds in Northeast Thailand. CCOP Techn. Publ. 20, p. 315-317. Fontaine, H. & D.R. Workman (1978)- Review of the geology and mineral resources of Kampuchea, Laos and Viet Nam. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1978, p. 539605. Fortey, R.A. (1989)- An Early Devonian trilobite fauna from Thailand. Alcheringa 13, 4, p. 257-267. (Well-preserved Devonian trilobites from limestones in Satun Province, S Thailand. Early Devonian age, probably Emsian. Includes Decoroproetus, Cornuproetus, Platyscutellum and two species of Reedops) Fortey, R.A. (1997)- Late Ordovician trilobites from southern Thailand. Palaeontology 40, p.:397-449. Fujikawa, M., K. Ueno, A. Sardsud, W. Saengsrichan, Y. Kamata & K. Hisada (2005)- Early Permian ammonoids from the Kaeng Krachan Group of the Phatthalung-Hat Yai area, southern peninsular Thailand. J.Asian Earth Sci. 24, 6, p. 739-752 (E Permian (Kungurian) small ammonoid fauna with Neocrimites, Agathiceras, etc., from S Peninsular Thailand suggests uppermost Kaeng Krachan Gp slightly younger than previously considered. Environment of Sibumasu Block changed around this time from cool, clastic-dominant shelf to temperate- subtropical, carbonate platform) Gaillot, J., D. Vachard, T. Galfetti & R. Martini (2009)- New latest Permian foraminifers from Laren (Guangxi Province, South China): palaeobiogeographic implications. Geobios 42, p. 141-168. (Latest Permian limestones at Laren (Guangxi Prov., S China) with rich small foram fauna. Palaeogeographic distribution interpreted to be Neo-Tethyan regions, ranging from S Turkey to S China and up to Japan) Garnier, V., D. Ohnenstetter, G. Giuliani, A.E. Fallick, T. Phan Trong et al. (2005)- Basalt petrology, zircon ages and sapphire genesis from Dak Nong, southern Vietnam. Mineral. Mag. 69, p. 21-38. (Basalts with sapphires in Vietnam. U-Pb dating of zircons from basaltic placers show two eruptional events, at ~6.5 Ma and at ~1 Ma) Garnier, V., D. Ohnenstetter, G. Giuliani, H. Maluski, E. Deloule et al. (2005)- Age and significance of rubybearing marble from the Red River shear zone, northern Vietnam. Canadian Mineralogist 43, p. 1315-1329. (Marble-hosted ruby deposits in Red River Shear Zone, N Vietnam. Wide range of zircon ages (266-38 Ma) suggest complex metamorphic history with two main thermal events: (1) zircon in spinel crystallized in Permian (257± 9Ma), (2) Ruby formed at ~38 Ma during Red River Shear Zone ductile deformation peak metamorphism) Garson, M.S.& A.H.G. Mitchell (1970)- Transform faulting in the Thai Peninsula. Nature 22, p. 45-47. (Angular feature in Phuket area of peninsular Thailand projecting into Andaman Sea is physiographic expression of two major transcurrent faults with total sinistral displacement of at least 200 km) Garson, M.S., B. Young, A.H.G. Mitchell & B.A.R.Tait (1975)- The geology of the tin belt in Peninsular Thailand around Phuket, Phang Nga and Takua Pa. Inst.Geol. Science, Overseas Memoir 1, Bangkok, p. 1-112. Geoscientists of Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1986)- Stratigraphy and sedimentary basins of Viet Nam. ESCAP Atlas of Stratigraphy, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Min. Res. Dev. Ser. 54, p. 1-11.


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Gibling, M.R., F.M. Gradstein, I.L. Kristiansen. J. Nagy, M. Sartis & J. Wiedmann (1994)- Early Cretaceous strata of the Nepal Himalayas: conjugate margins and rift volcanism during Gondwanan breakup. J. Geol. Soc., London, 151, 2 p. 269-290. (E Cretaceous sandstones- shales outcrop N of Main Central Thrust in C Nepal, with northerly palaeoflow and deposited on N (Tethyan) margin of Gondwana. Berriasian deltaic deposits pass upward into ValanginianAlbian storm-dominated shelf deposits and latest Albian pelagic carbonates. Succession matches with conjugate margin of NW Australia, from which Greater India separated in Valanginian-Hauterivian) Gradstein, F.M., M.R. Gibling, M. Sarti, U. Von Rad, J.W. Thurow, J.G. Ogg, L.F. Jansa, M.A. Kaminski & G.E.G. Westermann (1991)- Mesozoic Tethyan strata of Thakkhola, Nepal: evidence for the drift and breakup of Gondwana. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 88, p. 193-218. (Thakkhola region of C Nepal >1.5 km of deformed Late Triassic- mid-Cretaceous sediments Paleomagnetic, paleobiogeographic and paleocurrent data show deposition on N Gondwana/ Greater India margin, bordering Tethys while Thakkhola lay at mid-latitudes (28- 41° S). Late Triassic coastal deposits overlain by E Jurassic limestone, Late Jurassic Spiti Fm deep shelf- upper slope dark shales with Indo-SW Pacific ammonite assemblage and Boreal affinity agglutinated forams, and Lower Cretaceous (Berrisian-Aptian) deltaics with volcanoclastic material. Correlates well with formerly contiguous continental margin of NW Australia shelf) Gradstein, F.M., U. Von Rad, M.R. Gibling, L.F. Jansa, M.A. Kaminski, I.L. Kristiansen, J.G. Ogg et al. (1992)Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Mesozoic continental margin of Central Nepal. Geol. Jahrbuch B77, p. 1-141. (Late Triassic- mid-Cretaceous stratigraphic succession of Thakkola, Central Nepal, may be related to Exmouth- Wombat plateau off NW Australia: Late triassic clastics, latest Triassic- E Jurassic oolitic platform carbonates, Bajocian- E Callovian marine shale, much of Callovian- Oxfordian condensed ironstone, mid Oxfordian- Tithonian (with Blanfordiceras) dark shale, earlist Cretaceous quartz sst and volcanoclastics, Aptian shale, etc.). Represents Mesozoic deposition at N margin of Greater India/ Gondwana) Grant, R.E. (1976)- Permian brachiopods from southern Thailand. Palaeont. Soc. Mem. 9, J. Palaeont. 50, 3, suppl., p. 1-269. Green, O.R., M.P. Searle, R.I. Corfield & R.M. Corfield (2008)- Cretaceous-Tertiary carbonate platform evolution and the age of the India-Asia collision along the Ladakh Himalaya (Northwest India). The J. of Geol. 116, p. 331-353. Griffin, W.L., T.T. Win, R. Davies, P. Wathanakul, A. Andrew, I. Metcalfe & P. Cartigny, (2001)- Diamonds from Myanmar and Thailand: characteristics and possible origins. Economic Geol. 96, p. 159-170. Hagen, D. & E. Kemper (1976)- Geology of the Thong Pha Phum area (Kanchanaburi province, western Thailand). Geol. Jahrbuch, B21, p. 53-91. Hahn, L. (1982)- The Triassic in Thailand. Geol. Rundschau 71, 3, p. 1041-1056. ('Indosinian Orogeny' tectonics in Thailand between Permian and Jurassic. Strong orogenic movements in Norian. Two Triassic sedimentation cycles: Skythian- early Norian marine facies and a Norian- Rhaetian/ Liassic terrestrial. Sediment facies and distribution of igneous rocks due to subduction of oceanic crust, starting in Carboniferous, and to collision of Eurasian and Indochina Plates in Norian) Hahn, L., K.E. Koch & H. Wittekindt (1986)- Outline of the geology and the mineral potential of Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch B 59, p. 3-49. Hahn, L. & M. Siebenhuner (1982)- Explanatory notes (paleontology) on the geological maps of Northern and Western Thailand 1:250,000 (Sheets Nan, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai, Li, Thong Pha Phum). Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (Hannover), 76 p.


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Hamada, T. (1964)- Two Carboniferous brachiopods from Loei, Thailand. Contributions to geology and palaeontology of southeast Asia, 10, Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 35, 1, p. 5-15. Hamada, T. (1964)-: Some Middle Ordovician brachiopods from Satun, southern Thailand. Contributions to geology and palaeontology of southeastern Asia, 17, Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 35, p. 213–221 Hansen, B.T. & K. Wemmer (2011)- Age and evolution of the basement rocks in Thailand. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 19-32. Hara, H., M. Kunii, K. Hisada, K. Ueno, Y. Kamata, W. Srichan, P. Charusiri, T. Charoentitirat et al. (2012)Petrography and geochemistry of clastic rocks within the Inthanon zone, northern Thailand: implications for Paleo-Tethys subduction and convergence. J. Asian Earth Sci. (in press (Two types of clastic rocks in Paleo-Tethys convergence zone at Inthanon Zone, N Thailand: (1) lithic sstshale in Permo-Triassic accretionary complex (35% from Sukhothai Zone volcanic rocks, 65% Indochina Block craton sst; and (2) Carboniferous quartzose sst- mudstone in Sibumasu Block (from continental margin. Paleo-Tethys subduction caused continental island arc in Sukhothai Zone, with Late Permian-Triassic forearc basins and M- early Late Triassic volcanism and accretionary complex formation) Hara, H., T. Kurihara, J. Kuroda, Y. Adachi, H. Kuritae, K. Wakita, K. Hisada, P. Charusiri, T. Charoentitirat & P. Chaodumrong (2010)- Geological and geochemical aspects of a Devonian siliceous succession in northern Thailand: implications for the opening of the Paleo-Tethys. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 297,p. 452464. (Opening of Paleo-Tethys reconstructed, using radiolarian fossils and geochemistry of Devonian siliceous succession in Chiang Dao area of N Thailand. Rock types: black shale (Lower Devonian), siliceous shale (M Devonian), tuffaceous chert and tuff (M/Ur Devonian), and chert (U Devonian). Succession deposited in continental margin and pelagic environments between Sibumasu and Indochina-North China blocks. Initial Paleo-Tethys developed as small, closed anoxic-suboxic oceanic basin in E-M Devonian, close to continental margin. Opening of Paleo-Tethys started around M-U Devonian boundary, marked by voluminous volcanic activity. Ash and pumice in chert derived from continental source. After Late Devonian, Paleo-Tethys developed as deep, broad ocean in which pelagic chert was deposited) Hara, H., K. Wakita, K. Ueno, Y. Kamata, K. Hisada, P. Charusiri, T. Charoentitirat & P. Chaodumrong (2009)Nature of accretion related to Paleo-Tethys subduction recorded in northern Thailand: constraints from melange kinematics and illite crystallinity. Gondwana Res. 16, 2, p. 310-320. (Reconstruction of accretion process of Paleo-Tethys subduction in N Thailand shows trend of Paleo-Tethys subduction zone was N80°E. Paleo-Tethys subducted N-ward beneath Indochina Block from Permian- Triassic) Hasegawa, H., S. Imsamut, P. Charusiri, R. Tada, Y. Horiuchi & K. Hisada (2010)- ‘Thailand was a desert' during the mid-Cretaceous: equatorward shift of the subtropical high-pressure belt indicated by eolian deposits (Phu Thok Formation) in the Khorat Basin, northeastern Thailand. Island Arc 19, 4, p. 605-621. (Mid-Cretaceous Eolian sandstones of Phu Thok Fm (~126- 95 Ma) paleo-wind directions show Khorat Basin mainly belonged to NE trade wind belt. Subtropical high-pressure belt was N of area during initial deposition, immediately above basin during main phase of deposition, then shifted N again to N of basin during final deposition. Similar age eolian sandstone in Sichuan Basin, S China. Suggest development of low-latitude desert and equatorward shift of subtropical high-pressure belt during mid-Cretaceous) Hayami, I. (1968)- Some non-marine bivalves from the Mesozoic Khorat Group of Thailand. In: Geology and Paleontology of Southeast Asia 4, Tokyo University Press, p. 100-107. (Early paper on Cretaceous non-marine bivalves from Khorat Group) Heim, A. & H. Hirschi (1939)- A section of the mountain ranges of North-Western Siam. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 32, p. 1-16.


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Helmcke, D. (1985)- The orogenic evolution (Permo-Triassic) of central Thailand. implications on palaeogeographic models for mainland S.E. Asia. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, N.S.147, p. 83-91. Helmcke, D. (1986)- On the geology of Petchabun Fold Belt (Central Thailand): implications for the geodynamic evolution of mainland SE Asia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 79-85. Helmcke, D. & C. Kraikhong (1982)- On the geosynclinal and orogenic evolution of Central and Northeast Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. Thailand 5, p. 52-74. Helmcke, D. & H.G. Lindenberg (1983)- New data on the 'Indo-Sinian' orogeny from Central Thailand. Geol. Rundschau 72, p. 317-328. Heppe, K. (2004)- Plate tectonic evolution and mineral resource potential of the Lancang River Zone, Southwestern Yunnan, People’s Republic of China. Doct. Thesis Georg August University, Gottingen, p. 1-105. Heward, A.P., S. Chuenbunchom, G. Makel, D. Marsland & L. Spring (2000)- Nang Nuan Field, B6/27, Gulf of Thailand: karst reservoirs of meteoric or deep burial origin? Petroleum Geosc. 6, p. 15-27. (Permian karst reservoirs in Chumphon Basin produced oil at >10 000 BBL/d. Meteorically karstified buried hills recognized as potential exploration play, but highs are probably syn-rift horsts and inversion features, with karst reservoirs in Ratburi carbonates unrelated to subaerial exposure, but primarily deep-burial origin) Hirschi, H. & A. Heim (1939)- A section of the mountain ranges of northwestern Siam: Eclogae Geol. Helvetiae 32, 1, p. 1-16. Hisada, K., K. Ueno, T. Sugiyama, K. Nagai and X.D. Wang (2001)- Confirmation of dropstones in the Dingjiazhai Formation of the Gondwana-derived Baoshan Block, West Yunnan. Gondwana Res. 4, p. 630-631. Hoang, N. & M. Flower (1998)- Petrogenesis of Cenozoic basalts from Vietnam: implication for origins of a ‘Diffuse Igneous Province’. J. Petrology 39, 3, p. 369-395. (online at: http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/3/369.full.pdf+html) (Widespread M Miocene- Recent basalt plateaux in S and C Vietnam associated with pull-apart structures. Activity does not conform to ‘Large Igneous Province’, more consistent with clockwise rotating stress field) Howard, K.T. (2011)- Tektites. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 573-591. Huang, H., X. Yang & X. Jin (2005)- The Shanita fauna (Permian foraminifera) from Baoshan area, western Yunnan Province, China. Acta Palaeont. Sinica, 44, p. 545–555 (transl. in Frontiers of Biology in China 2, 1, p. 114-124). (Shanita fauna good marker of N peri-Gondwana tectonic blocks. Shanita fauna from Baoshan area in W Yunnan Province suggest characteristic genera Shanita and Hemigordiopsis here comprised 8 species and ten genera of other nonfusulinid foraminifera. Age probably late Maokouan- Wuchiapingian. Fauna comparable to Shanita faunas from Burma, Thailand, and Tibet, but lower diversity and absence of fusulinids) Huang, K. & N.D. Opdyke (1991)- Paleomagnetic results from the Upper Carboniferous of the Shan-ThaiMalay block of western Yunnan, China. Tectonophysics 192, p. 333-344. (Upper Carboniferous basaltic Woniusi Fm from near Baoshan (part of Shan-Thai-Malay microplate). Paleomagnetic inclinations similar to Devonian rocks from area, indicating paleolatitude of ~42° in DevonoCarboniferous time) Ingavat, R., R. Toriyama & K. Pitakpaivan (1980)- Fusuline zonation and faunal characteristics of the Ratburi Limestone in Thailand and its equivalents in Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 21, University of Tokyo Press, p. 43-62.


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Ingavat-Helmcke, R. (1994)- Paleozoic paleontological evidence of Thailand. Proc. Int. Symp, Stratigraphic correlation of Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1994, p. 43-54. (Review of Paleozoic faunas reported from Thailand. Cambrian- Devonian faunas of Thailand close faunal affinities with Australia and S China. Carboniferous- Permian carbonate facies warm, shallow marine) Jaeger, H.V.S.R. Wolfart & D. Stoppel (1969)- Fauna (Graptolithen, Brachiopoden) der unterdevonischen Schwartzschiefer Nord-Thailands. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaont. Abhandl. 133,2, p. 171-190. (Fauna (graptolites, brachiopods) from the Lower Devonian black shale of North Thailand') Junhavat, S. & S. Piyasin (1978)- Triassic rocks of Thailand. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia,Bangkok 1978, p. 735-738. Kamata, Y., K. Sashida, K. Ueno, K. Hisada, N. Nakornsri & P. Charusiri (2002)- Triassic radiolarian faunas from the Mae Sariang area, northern Thailand and their paleogeographic significance. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 5, p. 491-506. (Early to Late Triassic (Spathian- Carnian) radiolarians from bedded cherts of Mae Sariang Gp in N Thailand. Similarity of fauna and rocks to E marginal facies of Sibumasu Block. E (?) Carnian radiolarian assemblage from bedded chert shows closure of Paleotethys Ocean between Sibumasu- Indochina Blocks after E Carnian) Kanjanapayonta, P., M.A. Edwards & B Grasemann (2009)- The dextral strike-slip Khlong Marui Fault, southern Thailand. Trabajos de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 29, p. 393-398. (online at: http://www.geol.uniovi.es/TDG/Volumen29/TG29-72.PDF) (Khlong Marui Fault is S-most of four major strike-slip faults in Thailand. NNE-SSW-trending dextral strike-slip fault zone from Gulf of Thailand to Andaman Sea. No clear age-constraints, but likely related to escape tectonics arising from India-Asia collision) Kanjanapayonta, P., B Grasemann, M.A. Edwards & H. Fritz (2012)- Quantitative kinematic analysis within the Khlong Marui shear zone, southern Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 35, p. 17-27. (NNE trending Khlong Marui shear zone at least two deformation phases. Rocks metamorphosed at amphibolite and greenschist facies by first deformation. No clear age-constraints, but early dextral strike-slip displacement of KM shear zone related to West Burma and Shan-Thai collision and subduction along Sunda Trench in Late Cretaceous, while main exhumation influenced by early India-Asia collision) Kemper, E. (1976)- The foraminifera in the Jurassic limestone of West Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch. B, 21, p. 129153. Kemper, E., H.D. Maronde & D. Stoppel (1976)- Triassic and Jurassic limestone in the region northwest and west of Si Sawat (Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch. B, 21, p. 93-127. (200-300m thick Triassic with Anisian and Norian (with Boueina- Involutina) limestone, overlain by red and violet clastics and limestone of Rhaetian- E Jurassic age (mainly non-marine; uplift event?). Overlain by 200300m thick Jurassic (middle Lias- Malm limestones with Lucasella, Orbitopsella, Haurania, etc.) Klompe, Th.H.F. (1962)- Igneous and structural features of Thailand. Geol. Mijnbouw 41, 6, p. 290-302. Kobayashi, F., R. Martini, R. Rettori, L. Zaninetti, B. Ratanasthien, H. Saegusa & H. Nakaya (2006)- Triassic foraminifers of the Lampang Group (Northern Thailand). J. Asian Earth Sci. 27, p. 312-325. (Four Triassic foraminiferal limestone localities in Sukhothai foldbelt between Sibumasu (Shan-Thai) Terrane in W and Indochina in E: (1) Glomospirella lampangensis n. sp. (E Triassic ?), (2) Pilammina densa (Anisian), (3) endothyroid foraminifers- Diplotremina astrofimbriata (Ladinian) and (4) Aulotortus sinuosus (Carnian). Important taxa of these associations common to S China and SE Asia, also Europe (unlike M- Late Permian foraminiferal assemblages which have many provincial and endemic characters) Kobayashi, T. (1957)- Upper Cambrian fossils from peninsular Thailand. J. Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Sect. 2, 10, 3, pp. 367-382.


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(online at: http://umdb.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/DKoseibu/pdf/Ref_0152_.pdf (Cambrian trilobites from Phuket series from Tarutao island, SW Thailand) Kobayashi, T. (1958)- Some Ordovician fossils from the Thailand-Malayan borderland. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 29,. 4, p. 223-231. Kobayashi, T. (1963)- On the Cretaceous Ban Na Yo fauna of East Thailand with a note on the distribution of Nippononaia, Trigonioides and Plicatounio. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 34-41. (Cretaceous fresh-water molluscs from Khorat Group) Kobayashi, T. (1968)- The Cretaceous non-marine pelecypods from the Nam Phung Dam Site in the Northeastern part of the Khorat Plateau, Thailand, with a note on the Trigonioididae. In: Geology and Paleontology of Southeast Asia 4, University of Tokyo Press, p. 109-138. Kobayashi, T. (1975)- Upper Triassic estheriids in Thailand and the conchostracan development in Asia in the Mesozoic era. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 16, University of Tokyo Press, p. 57-90. Kobayashi, T. (1983)- Geological history of Thailand, Malayan Peninsula and adjacent Areas-II. J. of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 92, 5, p. 303-320. (In Japanese; online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) Kobayashi, T. (1983)- Geological history of Thailand, Malayan Peninsula and adjacent Areas-II. J. of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 92, 6, p. 371-391. (In Japanese; online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) Kobayashi, T. (1984)- On the geological history of Thailand and West Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 3-42. (Stratigraphy-oriented review of Thailand-Malay Peninsula area) Kobayashi, T. & H. Igo (1966)- On the occurrence of graptolite shales in North Thailand. In: Geology and Paleontology of Southeast Asia 2, p. 1-8. Kobayashi, T., F.Takai & I. Hayami (1963)- On some Mesozoic fossils from the Khorat Series of East Thailand and a note on the Khorat Series. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 181-192. Kobayashi, T. & A. Tokuyama (1959)- The Halobiidae from Thailand. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, sect. 2, 12, 1, p. 27-30. (Incl. occurrence of Daonella sumatrensis Volz, originally described from Sumatra) Komalarjun, P. & T. Sato (1964)- Aalenian (Jurassic) ammonites from Mae Sot, Northwestern Thailand. Japan. J. Geol. Geogr. 35, p. 149-161. Konigshof, P., N.M. Savage, P. Lutat, A. Sardsud, J. Dopieralska, Z. Belka & G. Racki (2012)- Late Devonian sedimentary record of the Paleotethys Ocean- The Mae Sariang section, northwestern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 52, p. 146-157. (11 m thick condensed sequence of Late Devonian pelagic limestones in NW Thailand, with hardgrounds and Fe/Mn crusts. Ranges from Late rhenana to praesulcata conodont biozones. Probably belongs to Inthanon Zone comprising remnants of Paleotethys Ocean) Kon'no, E. (1963)- Some Permian plants from Thailand. Contributions to the geology and palaeontology of Southeast Asia, 5. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 139-159. Kon'no, E. & K. Asama (1975)- Mesozoic plants from Khorat, Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 12, University of Tokyo Press, p. 149-171.


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Kornsawan, A. & C.K. Morley (2002)- The origin and evolution of complex transfer zones (graben shifts) in conjugate fault systems around the Funan Field, Pattani basin, Gulf of Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 24, p. 435-449. Kozai, T., F. Hirsch, K. Ishida & A. Meesook (2006)- Faunal affinity of Toarcian-Aalenian (Early Jurassic) bivalves from Mae Sot and Umphang (Tak Province), Northwestern Thailand. Geosc. J. 10, 3, p. 205-215. (NW Thailand Mae Sot- Umphang areas Jurassic strata overlie Permian-Triassic substratum of Shan-Thai (=Sibumasu) terrane with brecciated conglomerate. Pliensbachian- Early Bajocian shallow marine strata in partly terrestrial Jurassic sequence. 35 Toarcian-Aalenian bivalve species mainly endemic Toarcian-Aalenian SE Asian Province of Tethys. Associated corals of Tethyan affinity) Kozai, T., L. Perelis-Grossowicz, A. Bartolini, C. Yamee, J. Sandoval, F. Hirsch, K. Ishida, T. Charoentitirat, A. Meesook & J. Guex (2011)- New palaeontological investigations in the Jurassic of western Thailand. Gondwana . 19, 1, p. 37-46. (Jurassic of Mae Sot and Umphang districts, W Thailand, provide age constraints for marine Jurassic inundation of Sundaland after Paleotethys closure. Basal conglomerate of Jurassic derived from pelagic Triassic substratum. Ammonites, bivalves, large benthic forams and algae suggest Toarcian-Bajocian ages. Faunas partly endemic with N Tethyan (Eurasian) affinity. Bivalves dominantly endemic fauna with Parvamussium donaiense and Bositra ornate in Toarcian- Early Bajocian) Kozar, M.G., G.F. Crandall & S.E. Hall (1992)- Integrated structural and stratigraphic study of the Khorat Basin, Rat Buri Limestone (Permian), Thailand. Proc. Nat. Conf. Geologic Resources of Thailand: potential for future development, Dept Mineral Resources, Bangkok, p. (Review of Khorat Basin geology and results of 8 exploration wells by Esso between 1982-1984, with one discovery: Nam Phong gas field with recoverable reserve of ~300-500 BCF) Lacassin, R., H. Maluski, P.H. Leloup, P. Tapponnier, C. Hinthong et al. (1997)- Tertiary diachronic extrusion and deformation of western Indochina: structural and 40Ar/39Ar evidence from NW Thailand. J. Geoph. Res. 102, B5, p. 10,013-10,037. (Wang Chao and Three Pagodas fault zones cut W part of Indochina block. Evidence of left-lateral shear in Lansang gneisses. Ar dating shows deformation terminated at ~ 30.5 Ma. Faults offset N striking lowerMesozoic metamorphic-magmatic belt of N Thailand, which rapidly cooled around 23 Ma. Extrusion of SW Indochina occurred in Late Eocene- E Oligocene, probably inducing rifting in Gulf of Thailand and in Malay and Mekong basins. In Oligo-Miocene, continuing penetration of India into Asia culminated with extrusion of all of Indochina along Ailao Shan- Red River fault) Lan, C.Y., S.L. Chung, C.H. Lo, T.Y. Lee et al. (2001)- First evidence for Archean continental crust in northern Vietnam and its implications for crustal and tectonic evolution in Southeast Asia. Geology 29, 3, p. 219-222. (Indochinese continent previously considered to be composed entirely of Proterozoic-Phanerozoic rocks. Gneisses from Cavinh Complex gave Archean Nd model ages of 3.4-3.1 Ga and zircon U-Pb dates of 2.8-2.5 Ga, first in SE Asia. One of oldest crustal nuclei of South China block) Laveine, J.P., B. Ratanasthien & S. Sithirach (1993)- The Carboniferous flora of northeastern Thailand: its paleogeographic importance. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris 317, 2, p. 279-285. Laveine, J.P., B. Ratanasthien & S. Sithirach (2003)- The Carboniferous flora of Northeastern Thailand. Revue Paleobiol., Geneve 22, 2, p. 761-797. Laveine, J.P., B. Ratanasthien, S. Sitirach & D. Demarque (2009)- The Carboniferous flora of northeastern Thailand: additional documentation from the Na Duang-Na Klang basin. Revue Paleobiol., Geneve 28, 2, p. 315-331. (online at: http://www.ville-ge.ch/mhng/paleo/paleo-pdf/28-2/pal-28-2-02.pdf) (Additional palaeobotanical data from E Carboniferous (Visean) in Na Duang-Na Klang basin in NE Thailand. Floral remains essentially of Euramerican aspect)


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Laveine, J.P., D. Vachard, B. Ratanasthien & S. Sithirach (2003)- The Lower Carboniferous Na Duang marine band (Na Duang Coal Mine, Loei District, Northeastern Thailand). Revue Paleobiol., Geneve 22, 2, p. 799-809. Lee, K.Y. (1984)- Geology of the Dian-Qian-Gui foldbelt, Southwest China. U.S. Geol. Survey, Open-File Report 84-357, p. 1-52 + appendix. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0357/report.pdf) Lehmann, B., N. Jungyusuk, S. Khositanont, A. Hohndorf & Y. Kuroda (1994)- The tin-tungsten ore system of Pilok, Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 10, p. 51-63. (Tin-tungsten mineralization in Pilok mining area on apical parts of probably Late Cretaceous alkali feldspar aplite stocks (aplogranite) which intrude earlier K-feldspar megacrystic biotite granite) Long, J.A. & C. Burrett (1989)- Fish from the Upper Devonian of the Shan-Thai terrane indicate proximity to East Gondwana and South China terranes. Geology 17, p. 811-813. (Coronodontid shark tooth, new species of Phoebodus and occurrence of chondrichthyan Harpagodens in Late Famennian of Thailand, Australia, and S China suggests Late Devonian proximity of these terranes, in accord with recent paleomagnetic data) Long, J. A. & C.F. Burrett (1989)- Early Devonian conodonts from the Kuan Tung Formation, Thailand: systematics and biogeographic considerations. Records Australian Museum, Sydney, 41, 2, p. 121-133. (online at: http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/17706/140_complete.pdf) (Conodonts from limestone horizon in Kuan Tung Fm, Satun Province, S Thailand,show E Devonian (Emsian) age. Many conodont species are cosmopolitan, some restricted to E Gondwana- ShanThai - S China Terranes) Lovatt Smith, P.F. & R.B. Stokes (1997)- Geology and petroleum potential of the Khorat Plateau basin in the Vientiane area of the Lao P.D.R.. J. Petrol. Geol. 20, 1, p. 27-50. (N part of Thailand Khorat Plateau Basin extends into Laos. Three gas discoveries. Structural inversion began in mid-Cretaceous, not Tertiary. Permian carbonates main reservoir in basin) Lovatt Smith, P.F., R.B. Stokes, C. Bristow & A. Carter (1996)- Mid-Cretaceous inversion in the northern Khorat plateau of Lao PDR and Thailand. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of SE Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 97-123. (Regional compressive tectonic event in Aptian-Cenomanian, attributed to distant continent-continent collision to W. Reactivated structural trends parallel to palaeo-continental sutures and interrupted latest Jurassicearliest Palaeocene subsidence and continental sedimentation of Khorat Plateau Basin) Luddecke, S., C. Chonglakmani & D. Helmcke (1991)- Analysis of pebble associations from the marine Triassic of northern Thailand. J. Thai. Geoscience 1, p. 91-101. Macdonald, A.S. & S.M. Barr (1984)- The Nan River mafic-ultramafic belt, northern Thailand: geochemistry and tectonic significance. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 17, p. 209-217. Macdonald, A.S., S.M. Barr, B.V. Miller, P.H. Reynolds, B.P. Rhodes & B. Yokart (2010)- P-T-t constraints on the development of the Doi Inthanon metamorphic core complex domain and implications for the evolution of the western gneiss belt, northern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 37, p. 82-104. (Western gneiss belt in N Thailand exposed in Doi Inthanon metamorphic core complex domain W of Chiang Mai basin, and in Mae Ping strike-slip fault domain W of the Tak batholith. Doi Inthanon gneiss experienced: (1) high-grade, medium-P metamorphism in Late Triassic- E Jurassic (~210 Ma). (2) Late Cretaceous (84, 72 Ma) thermal overprint , (3) Late Eocene mylonite age (40 Ma) is early stage of development of core complex by low-angle extension (4) Miocene (~26-15 Ma) late-stage development of core complex. Similarities with N Vietnam, Laos, Yunnan, and central Myanmar suggest regional response to indentation of SE Asia by India) Malila, K., C. Chonglakmani, Q. Feng & D. Helmcke (2008)- Provenance and tectonic setting of the Permian Nam Duk Formation, North-Central Thailand: implications for geodynamic evolution. ScienceAsia 34, p. 7-22.


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(online at: http://www.scienceasia.org/2008.34.n1/v34_007_022.pdf) (Permian Nam Duk Basin, Phetchabun Fold Belt, C Thailand is remnant ocean basin and branch of PaleoTethys. Geochemical analysis of siliciclastics indicates E-M Permian “pelagic sequence” is transitional deposit between oceanic and continental island arc and derived mainly from metabasic sources. During middle-late M Permian, provenance signatures of 'flysch' and 'molasse' sequences show indications of ultramafic-mafic igneous provenance and were deposited in continental island arc environment. Apparently ocean closed in short period in M Permian) Marante, S. & P. Vella (1986)- Palaeomagnetism of the Khorat Group, Mesozoic, northeast Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 1, p. 23-36. (Late Triassic- Cretaceous Khorat Group up to 5000 m of paralic-freshwater sediments, mainly red-beds. Paleomagnetic data suggest clockwise rotation (37 ± 7 °) in last 100 My. Inclinations not much different from present day, indicating NE Thailand (and Indochina plate) at nearly same latitude since Late Triassic) Martini, R., L. Zaninetti, J.J. Cornee, M. Villeneuve, N. Tran & T.T. Ta (1998)- Decouverte de foraminiferes du Trias dans les calcaires de la region de Ninh Binh (Nord-Vietnam). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Ser. IIA, 326, p. 113-119. ('Discovery of Triassic foraminifera in limestones from the Ninh Binh Area (North Vietnam)'. Lower Triassic(?) to Anisian benthic foraminifera in Dong Giao Fm limestones, Ninh Binh area (Song Da Terrane, N Vietnam), deposited on wide, shallow water carbonate platform. Affinities to coeval faunas from N Malaysia and S China Block, suggest connections during Triassic between continental blocks of Indochina Peninsula) Meesook, A. (2000)- Cretaceous environments of northeastern Thailand. In: H. Okada, H. & N.J. Mateer (eds.) Cretaceous environments of Asia, Elsevier Science B 17, p. 207-223. Meesook, A. (2011)- Cretaceous. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 169-184. Meesook, A. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1996)- Marine lithostratigraphy of Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 14, p. 377-391. (Marine Jurassic rocks well-exposed in NW Thailand-Myanmar border area (= W part of Shan-Tai/ Sibumasu block), less in other areas of Thailand. Generally underlain unconformably by Triassic and overlain by Quaternary. Sequences ~450-900 m thick in NW, thinner in other areas, particularly in S. Marine Jurassic contains ammonites, bivalves and foraminifera and is largely Toarcian-Aalenian plus some Bajocian. Presence of Late Jurassic not confirmed) Meesook, A. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1997)- Faunal associations, paleoecology and paleoenvironments of the Thai marine Jurassic: a preliminary study. In: P. Dheeradilok et al. (eds.) GEOTHAI '97, Int. Conf. Statigraphy and tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok 1997, Dept. Mineral. Res., p. 164176. (Paleoecological study of marine Toarcian- E Bajocian in W and S Thailand) Meesook, A. & W. Saengsrichan (2011)- Jurassic. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 151-168. Meesook, A., J. Sha, C. Yamee & W. Saengsrichan (2009)- Faunal associations, paleoecology and paleoenvironment of marine Jurassic rocks in the Mae Sot, Phop Phra, and Umphang areas, western Thailand. In: Jurassic of China and Environs:Stratigraphy, basin history, and Paleoenvironment, Science in China, DEarth Sci., 52, 12, p. 2001-2023. (online at: http://earth.scichina.com:8080/sciDe/EN/article/showArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=415693) (E-M Jurassic (Toarcian-Aalenian) marine Jurassic clastics and oolitic limestones with mainly bivalves, also ammonites, brachiopods and some coral)


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Meister, C., Vu Khuc, D.T. Huyen & P. Doyle (2000)- Les ammonites et les belemnites du Jurassique inferieur de Huu Nien, province de Quang Nam, Viet Nam Central. Geobios 33, p. 79-96. ('The ammonites and belemnites of the Lower Jurassic of Huu Nien, Central Vietnam'. Rare and low diversity Sinemurian- Pliensbachian ammonites (incl. Ectocentrites, Tongdzuyites) and belemnites (incl. Atractites) in Liassic of Nong Son basin) Meister, C., Vu Khuc & D.T. Huyen (2002)- Les ammonites du Jurassique inferieur des provinces de Dak Lak et de Ho Chi Minh Ville, Viet Nam du Sud. Revue Paleobiol. 21, 1, p. 439-483. ('Lower Jurassic ammonites of the Dak Lak province and Ho Chi Minh city. South Vietnam'. Lower Sinemurian rel. unique ammonite fauna) Meng, Qing-Ren & Guo-Wei Zhang (1999)- Timing of collision of the North and South China blocks: controversy and reconciliation. Geology 27, 2, p. 123-126. (Late Triassic collision of S China block with S Qinling orogen along Mianlue suture led to final integration of N and S China blocks) Milsom, J. (2011)- Regional geophysics. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 493-506. Minato, M. (1944)- An occurrence of Wentzella subtimorica in northern Tai. Proc. Imp. Acad. Japan, Tokyo, 20, 2, p. 104-106. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp) (Mid-Permian Lonsdaleia-type colonial tabulate coral from limestone in N Thailand. Species originally described by Huang (1932) from S China, and closely resembles Wentzelella timorica (Gerth 1921) from Basleo, Timor. Pseudoschwagerina fusulinids from nearby localities described by Toriyama 1944) Mitchell, A.H.G. (1981)- Phanerozoic plate boundaries in mainland SE Asia, the Himalayas and Tibet. J. Geol. Soc., London, 138, p. 109-122. Mitchell, A.H.G. (1986)- Mesozoic and Cenozoic regional tectonics and metallogenesis in mainland S.E. Asia. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 221-239. (Main Mesozoic tectonic event in mainland SE Asia was Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, etc.) Mitchell, A.H.G. (1989)- The Shan Plateau and Western Burma: Mesozoic-Cenozoic plate boundaries and correlation with Tibet. In: A.M.C. Sengor (ed.) Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan region, Kluwer, Dordrecht p. 567-583. (Includes description of 'Mt Victoria Land' (= W Burma block of Hutchison, 1989): metamorphic rocks overlain by Triassic turbidites, overthrust by ophiolite nappe. May correlate to W Sumatra block; Barber (2005)) Mitchell, A.H.G. (1992)- Late Permian-Mesozoic events and the Mergui Group nappe in Myanmar and Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 7, 2, p. 165-178. Mitchell, A.H.G. (1993)- Cretaceous- Cenozoic tectonic events in the western Myanmar (Burma)- Assam region. J. Geol. Soc., London, 150, p. 1089-1102. (Correlation of Late Mesozoic ophiolitic rocks suggests that in late E Cretaceous a NE-facing mafic arc was emplaced onto SE Borneo, W Sumatra, Mogok belt of W Myanmar and farther W, all then on SW margin of Asia. Reversal in tectonic polarity and E-ward subduction generated Late Cretaceous magmatic arc in W Myanmar and Sumatra. Magmatism, interrupted in latest Cretaceous, probably resumed in W Myanmar-Tibet and Sumatra arc segments in E Paleogene, again interrupted in M Eocene when E-vergent ophiolite nappe overrode Indo-Burman Ranges, deforming Lw Eocene turbidites derived from magmatic arc to E. Following renewed N and E-ward subduction of ocean floor in latest Eocene, India collided with N Myanmar and Tibet. 450 km of post-E Miocene dextral displacement on Sagaing Fault and related spreading in Andaman Sea)


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Mitchell, A., S.L. Chung, T. Oo, T.H. Lin & C.H. Hung (2012)- Zircon U-Pb ages in Myanmar: magmaticmetamorphic events and the closure of a neo-Tethys ocean? J. Asian Earth Sci. , p. (in press (Main metamorphism in Mogok Metamorphic belt (MMB) in Myanmar previously considered to be Tertiary and caused by collision of India. New data imply that main metamorphic event pre-dated the India-Asia collision) Mitchell, A.H.G., M.T. Htay, K.M. Htun, M.N. Win, T. Oo & T. Hlaing (2007)- Rock relationships in the Mogok metamorphic belt, Tatkon to Mandalay, central Myanmar. J. Asian Earth Sci. 29, p. 891-910. (Mogok metamorphic belt over 1450 km long, up to 40 km wide, alongW margin of Shan Plateau in C Myanmar and continuing N to E Himalayas. At least two metamorphic events, one before and one after intrusion of Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous calc-alkaline rocks) Mitchell, A.H.G., W. Myint, K. Lynn, M.T. Htay, Maw Oo & T. Zaw (2010)- Geology of the high sulfidation copper deposits, Monywa Mine, Myanmar. Resource Geol. 61, p. 1-29. (Monywa copper district near Chindwin River, 50 km2, in N-ward continuation of Sunda-Andaman magmatic arc through W Myanmar. Ore hosted by M Miocene andesite or dacite porphyry intrusions and early M Miocene sandstone and overlying volcaniclastics) Mitchell, A.H.G., B. Young & W. Jantaranipaa (1970)- The Phuket Group, Peninsular Thailand: a Palaeozoic ?geosynclinal deposit. Geol. Mag. 107, p 411-428. (Phuket Group in Phuket- Takua Pa- Krabi region of Thai Peninsula two formations: (1) Ordovician (Cambrian?)- Lower Permian deeper marine quartz-rich continental margin clastics, >3 km thick and (2) shallow marine- deltaic E Permian age, 100 -200m thick. Continental source lay to E (Burton, Ridd had proposed clastic source from West; HvG)) Morley, C.K., P. Charusiri & I.M. Watkinson (2011)- Structural geology of Thailand during the Cenozoic. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 273-334. Morley, C.K., C. Haranya,W. Phoosongsee, S. Pongwapee, A. Kornsawan & N. Wonganan (2004)- Activation of rift oblique and rift parallel pre-existing fabrics during extension and their effect on deformation style: examples from the rifts of Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 26, p. 1803-1829. (Tertiary rift basins of Thailand previously interpreted in terms of strike-slip faulting, but many trends oblique to N-S orientation of rift system appear to be inherited passive fabrics in the pre-rift. Fabrics from Palaeozoic and Mesozoic orogenies exerted influence on Tertiary strike-slip and normal faults) Morley, C.K. & A. Racey (2011)- Tertiary stratigraphy. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 223-271. Morley, C.K., N. Sangkumarn, T.B. Hoon, C. Chonglakmani & J. Lambiase (2000)- Structural evolution of the Li Basin northern Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. London 157, p. 483-492. Morley, C.K. & N. Woganan (2000)- Normal fault displacement characteristics, with particular reference to synthetic transfer zones, Mae Moh Mine, Northern Thailand. Basin Res. 12, 1-22. Morley, C.K., N. Woganan, N. Sankumarn, T.B Hoon, A. Alief & M. Simmons (2001)- Late Oligocene–Recent stress evolution in rift basins of Northern and Central Thailand: implications for escape tectonics. Tectonophysics 334, p. 115-150. (Tertiary rift basins of Thailand generally evolved under E-W extension. Extension episodically interrupted by inversion events. Rift basins from N. Thailand and Laos into Gulf of Thailand different evolutions, but common trends: (1) widespread Oligocene- E Miocene extension; (2) In C and N Thailand also M Miocene extension, persisting into the Upper Miocene-Pliocene; (3) In S (W. Natuna, Penyu, Malay basins) extension ceased in earliest Miocene; (4) In N Gulf of Thailand extension ceased in M Miocene; (5) Thermal subsidence greatest (up to 4 km) in S (Malay, Pattani, W. Natuna, Penyu basins) and least in N Thailand; (6) Intense E-M Miocene inversion in S Gulf of Thailand; mild E-M Miocene inversion in N Gulf of Thailand. Most widespread inversion in N, in Plio-Pleistocene. Evolution more complex than can be explained by simple escape tectonic models)


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Mouret, C., H. Heggeman, J. Gouadain & S. Krisadasima (1993)- Geological history of the siliciclastic Mesozoic strata of the Khorat Group in the Phu Phan Range area, northeastern Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and palaeontology, Chiang Mai, p. 23-49. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/7484.pdf) (On stratigraphy of Khorat Group of NE Thailand part of widespread Mesozoic non-marine deposits over E Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Deposition starts in latest Triassic (Rhaetian) and continues with up to 5000m of redbeds before final uplift and erosion at 65 Ma (tied to plate collision in W, Myanmar), resulting in erosion of up to 3500m of post M Jurassic sediments. Evaporitic conditions in Albian-Cenomanian. Paleocurrents mainly to WSW, possibly from Annamitic Mountain belt or farther NE) Mukhopadhyay, M. & S. Dasgupta (1988)- Deep structure and tectonics of the Burmese Arc: constraints from earthquakes and gravity data. Tectonophysics 149, p. 299-322. Nagy, E.A., H. Maluski, C. Lepvrier, U. Scharer, Phan Truong Thi, A. Leyreloup & Vu Van Thich (2001)Geodynamic significance of the Kontum Massif in Central Vietnam: composite 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb Ages from Paleozoic to Triassic. J. Geology 109, p. 755-770. (Kontum massif of S-C Vietnam long regarded as Precambrian (Archean) lower continental crust, but younger ages from U-Pb zircon (~250 Ma) and 40Ar/39Ar (243 Ma), implying two Paleozoic thermal events: (1) PermoTriassic magmatism, probably related to closing of Paleo-Tethys Sea; (2) Carboniferous crustal thickening and heating during suturing of Indochina and S China blocks along Song Ma suture zone may have produced 340 Ma low-T thermal event. Kontum massif and Kannack metamorphic complex are exposures of deep crustal levels of Permo-Triassic orogeny; Kontum massif did not rift from Precambrian granulite belt in Gondwana) Nakaoka, S., Y. Suganuma & B. Ratanasthien (2003)- Tectonics and paleomagnetism northern Thai Tertiary basins sediments. In: B. Ratanasthien et al. (eds.) Pacific Neogene paleoenvironments and their evolution, 8th Int. Congr. on Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Chiang Mai, 2003, p. Nakapadungrat, S. & P. Putthapiban (1992)- Granites and associated mineralisation in Thailand. In: Proc. Nat. Conf. Geologic resources of Thailand: potential for future develompment, Bangkok 1992, p. 153-171. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/6192.pdf) (Rb-Sr whiole rock ages indicate 4 periods of granite magmatism in Thailand: ~240 Ma (E Triassic), ~200-220 Ma (Late Triassic), ~130 Ma (E Cretaceous) and ~75-90 Ma (Late Cretaceous). Ar-Ar ages generally broader ranges. Three belts: E (I-type,Triassic), C (S type, mainly Triassic) and W Belt (mixed I and S, Cretaceous) Nguyen Xuan Dinh (1990)- Phy Cu- Phong Chau sandstone play, Hanoi Basin, Vietnam. In: CCOP/WRGA Play modelling exercise 1989-1990, CCOP Techn. Publ. 23, p. 113-126.. (Assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbons and play description of E Miocene in Oligocene- Pliocene Hanoi rift basin) Ni, J.F., M. Guzman-Speziale, M. Bevis, M., W.E. Holt, T.C. Wallace & W.R. Seager (1989)- Accretionary tectonics of Burma and the three-dimensional geometry of the Burma subduction zone. Geology 17, p. 68-71. (Geometry of Burma Wadati-Benioff zone determined from earthquake hypocenters. Dip varies from ~50° in N near E Himalayan syntaxis to ~30° in Bay of Bengal area) Oo, T, T. Hlaing & N. Htay (2002)- Permian of Myanmar. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 6, p. 683-689. (Permo-Triassic shelfal carbonates with minor basal clastics widespread on Shan Plateau in E Myanmar. Unconformable over of Devonian silici-carbonates in Shan State, and Carboniferous meta-siliciclastics in other areas and suggest Permian limestones were deposited after emplacement of Mergui Terrane onto S margin of the Shan-Thai Block, when Shan-Thai Block was in S hemisphere) O’Leary, H. & G.S. Hill (1989)- Tertiary basin development in the Southern Central Plains, Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symp. on Intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang Mai 1989, p. 254-264.


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Otofuji, Y., Van Duc Tung, M. Fujihara, M. Tanaka, M. Yokoyama, K. Kitada & H. Zaman (2012)- Tectonic deformation of the southeastern tip of the Indochina Peninsula during its southward displacement in the Cenozoic time. Gondwana Res. (in press) (Indochina Peninsula experienced S-ward displacement by 5.1° ± 2.4° between 32-17 Ma. During displacement Kontum massif rotated CCW by 27 ±10° within Indochina block. Left lateral motion along E Vietnam Boundary Fault brought about this CCW rotation) Pan, G. L. Wang, R. Li, S. Yuan, W. Ji, F. Yin, W. Zhang, B. Wang (2012)- Tectonic evolution of the QinghaiTibet Plateau. J. Asian Earth Sci. 53, 7, p. 3-14. Panjasawatwong, Y., K. Zaw, S. Chantaramee, P. Limtrakun & K. Pirarai (2006)- Geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Central Loei volcanic rocks, Pak Chom area, Loei, northeastern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 26, p. 77-90. (C Loei basalts and microgabbro are Late Devonian-E Carboniferous MOR Basalts and oceanic island-arc lavas, erupted on oceanic basement in same ocean basin as Chiang Rai-Chiang Mai volcanic belt) Panjasawatwong, Y. & W. Yaowanoiyothin (1993)- Petrochemical study of post-Triassic basalts from the Nan Suture, northern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 147-158. (Nan Suture metagabbros/ amphibolites and serpentinite melange represent Late Triassic collision suture between Shan-Thai and Indo-China cratons. With Carboniferous- Permo-Triassic ocean-island basalts, backarc basin and island-arc basalts and andesites, etc. Post-collisional, possibly Cenozoic, continental intraplate basalts form discontinuous narrow belt, disconformably above melange) Perez-Huerta, A., C. Chonglakmani & A. Chitnarinc (2007)- Permian brachiopods from new localities in northeast Thailand: Implications for paleobiogeographic analysis. J. Asian Earth Sci. 30, p. 504-517. (Small E and M Permian brachiopod faunas confirm Cathaysian affinities for brachiopods and fusulinids in NE Thailand. Fossils in Nam Duk Fm molasse facies, also show possible Gondwanan relationships with brachiopod taxa described in Australia) Phajuy, B., Y. Panjasawatwong & P. Osataporn (2005)- Preliminary geochemical study of volcanic rocks in the Pang Mayao area, Phrao, Chiang Mai, northern Thailand: tectonic setting of formation. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, p. 765-776. (Permian mafic volcanic rocks from the Pang Mayao, Chiang Rai-Chiang Mai volcanic belt, are mid-ocean ridge and ocean-island basalts, possibly remnants of consumed Paleotethys Ocean) Philippe, M.,V. Sutheethorn, P. Lutat, E. Buffetaut, L. Cavin, G. Cuny & G. Barale (2004)- Stratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical significance of fossil wood from the Mesozoic Khorat Group of Thailand. Geol. Mag. 141, p. 319-328. (Fossil wood from poorly dated continental sediments of Khorat Gp, NE Thailand, strong relationships with Indochina, especially Vietnam, and suggest age in M Jurassic- E Cretaceous. Trees grew alongside streams under rather arid climate, becomin wetter during deposition of upper formations of Khorat Group) Piyasin, S. (1971)- Marine Triassic sediments of Northern Thailand. Geol. Soc. Thailand, Newsl. 4, p. 12-30. Piyasin, S. (1972)- Review of the Lampang group. Proc. Conf. Geol. Thailand, p. 101-107. Polachan, S., S. Pradidtan, C. Tongtaow, S. Janmaha, K. Intarawijitr & C. Sangsuwan (1991)- Development of Cenozoic basins in Thailand. Marine and Petrol. Geol. 8, p. 84-97. (>60 Cenozoic onshore and offshore basins in Thailand, mainly N-S trending half grabens, initiated in Late Oligocene. N-S trending extensional faults, related to NW-SE dextral and NE-SW conjugate sinistral strike-slip faults, active since Oligocene and tied to clockwise rotation of SE Asia after India with S Asia collision. Four main basins, Mergui, Pattani, Malay and Phitsanulok, with up to 8 km of sediments. Mainly continental facies, except in Mergui Basin in Andaman Sea, where fill is mainly marine. Widespread perennial lake conditions


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onshore and in Western Graben Area of Gulf of Thailand. Change in tectonic and climatic conditions in M-L Miocene, resulting in cessation of lake conditions and development of regional unconformity. Polachan, S. & N. Sattayarak (1989)- Strike-slip tectonics and the development of Tertiary basins in Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds) Int. Symposium on intermontane basins, geology and resources, Chiang Mai, p. 243-253 Pongsapich, W., V. Pisutha-Arnond & P. Charusiri (1983)- Review of felsic plutonic rocks of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. Haad Yai 1983, p. 213-232. (Granitic rocks in Thailand in three main parallel belts: Eastern (Triassic), Central (Triassic), and Western (Cretaceous)) Pradidtan, S. (1989)- Characteristics and controls of lacustrine deposits of some Tertiary basins in Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symp. on Intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang Mai 1989, p. 133-145. Qiu, Z.L., F.Y. Wu, S.F. Yang, M. Zhu, J.F. Sun & P. Yang (2009)- Age and genesis of the Myanmar jadeite: constraints from U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of zircon inclusions. Chinese Science Bull. 54, 4, p. 658-668. (U-Pb ages of zircons in Myanmar jadeite from collisional belt between India- Eurasia plates 158 ± 2 Ma (Late Jurassic. Its formation has no genetic relationship to collision between India- Eurasia continental plates) Racey, A. (2009)- Mesozoic red bed sequences from SE Asia and the significance of the Khorat Group of NE Thailand. In: E. Buffetaut et al. (eds.) Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic ecosystems in SE Asia. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 315, p. 41-67. (Much of Khorat Gp of NE Thailand is Early Cretaceous, rather than Late Triassic- E Cretaceous. Jurassic absent. Khorat Gp deposited in foreland basin, not thermal sag following Late Triassic rifting. Two 'Indosinian' orogenies recognized, one in Late Permian- Triassic (along Nan-Uttaradit suture/ Petchabun foldbelt/ BentongRaub suture), followed by Late Triassic rifting, followed by second tectonic event near end-Triassic) Racey, A. (2011)- Petroleum geology. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Memoir, p. 351-392. Racey, A. & J.G.S. Goodall (2009)- Palynology and stratigraphy of the Mesozoic Khorat Group of NE Thailand. In: E. Buffetaut et al. (eds.) Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic ecosystems in SE Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 315, p. 67-81. (Most of NE Thailand Khorat group redbeds is of Cretaceous age; no Jurassic present) Racey, A., M.A. Love, A.C. Canham, J.G.S. Goodall, S. Polochan & P.D. Jones (1996)- Stratigraphy and reservoir potential of the Mesozoic Khorat Group, NE Thailand: Part 1: Stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution. J. Petrol. Geol. 19, 1, p. 5-39. (Nam Phong Fm dated accurately for irst time as Late Norian- Rhaetian, while overlying Khorat Gp reassigned to Early Cretaceous (Berriasian- Aptian) . Age of intervening Phu Kradung Fm probably Late Jurassic or E Cretaceous. Changes in provenance between Nam Phong and overlying Phu Kradung Fm suggest possible sedimentary hiatus. Palaeocurrent data suggest main source from N and E. Part 2 see Canham et al. 1996) Racey, A., A.B. Smith & O. Dawson (1994)- Permian echinoderms from Peninsular Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Symposium on stratigraphic correlation of Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1994, p. 106-114. (online at: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/files/racey-84719.pdf) (Four species of crinoid (Trimerocrinus, Parabursacrinus, Timorocidaris, etc.) and one blastoid (Deltoblastus permicus) described for first time from Ratburi Lst of Peninsular Thailand. All taxa previously known mainly or only from E-M Permian of Basleo, Timor. Suggests Peninsular Thailand and Timor (Maubisse Lst) were in same faunal province around Artinskian time. Associated with Tubiphytes and 'mid-Permian' foraminifera, including Shanita amosi, Hemigordiopsis renzi, Hemigordius reicheli, Parafusilina sp., etc.)


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Ramingwong, T. (1978)- A review of the Khorat Group of Thailand. In: P. Nutalya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geology and Mineral Resources of SE Asia (GEOSEA III), Bangkok, p. 763-774. Ratanasthien, B. (2002)- Problems of Neogene biostratigraphic correlation in Thailand and surrounding areas. Rev. Mexicana Ciencias Geol. 19, 3, p. 235-241. (online at: http://rmcg.unam.mx/19-3/(10)Ratanasthien.pdf) (Main tools in Thailand Neogene correlation are vertebrate fossils and palynology) Ratanasthien, B. (2011)- Coal deposits. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 393-414. Remus, D., M. Webster & K. Keawkan (1993)- Rift architecture and sedimentology of the Phetchabun intermontane basin, central Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 421–432. (Phetchabun Basin, onshore C Thailand is one of >30 Tertiary intermontane basins in Thailand. Composite of several N-S trending half and full graben, 1100-2500m deep, formed through transtensional dextral shear along Mae Ping fault zone. Oligocene syn-rift fluvial deposits and associated rift volcanics, followed by Oligocene-MMiocene fluvial and lacustrine deposits. E and Late M Miocene intrusives reflect periods of igneous activity. M Miocene tectonic episode. Waxy oils and dry gas in thin bedded sandstones and igneous sills) Rhodes, B.P., J. Blum & T. Devine (2000)- Structural development of the mid-Tertiary Doi Suthep Metamorphic Complex and Western Chiang Mai Basin, Northern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, p. 97-108. (Doi Suthep Metamorphic Complex near Chiang Mai developed between Triassic- E Miocene, with detachment and uplift during Oligocene-Miocene) Rhodes, B.P., J. Blum, T. Devine & K. Ruangvataasirikul (1997)- Geology of the Doi Suthep metamorphic complex and adjacent Chiang Mai Basin. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok, p. 305-313. Rhodes, B.P., R. Conejo, T. Benchawan, S. Titus & R. Lawson (2005)- Palaeocurrents and provenance of the Mae Rim Formation, Northern Thailand: implications for tectonic evolution of the Chiang Mai basin. J. Geol. Soc., London, 162, p. 51-63. (Chiang Mai basin is largest of series of rift basins in N Thailand. Several phases of extension from Late Oligocene -Quaternary, with at least two periods of basin inversion. Paleocurrent and clast-composition data from Mae Rim Fm. alluvial fans and lacustrine deposits suggest provenance from W, from low-grade metasedimentary rocks of W Ranges metamorphic complex. Most of Mae Rim Fm accumulated during uplift of Western Ranges but before erosion had breached detachment fault) Rhodes, B.P., R. Perez, A. Lamjuan & S. Kosuwan (2004)- Kinematics and tectonic implications of the Mae Kuang Fault, northern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, p. 79-89. (NE trending Mae Kuang strike-slip fault does not accommodate mid-Tertiary E-W extension in N Thailand. Fault probably initiated between 20- 5 Ma, simultaneous with slip inversion on Mae Ping and Red River Faults) Ronghe, S. & K. Surarat (2002)- Acoustic impedance interpretation for sand distribution adjacent to a rift boundary fault, Suphan Buri basin, Thailand. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 86, p. 1753-1771. (Suphan Buri basin N-S trending onshore Tertiary non-marine rift basin in Central Plain of Thailand, between two NW-SE trending strike-slip fault zones, Mae Ping and Three Pagodas fault zones. Seismic impedance used to image water-saturated sands in producing interval of half graben. Two styles of sand distribution: axial deposits comprising delta lobes and boundary fault-induced fan deltas and feeder canyons deposits) Ridd, M.F. (1971)- The Phuket Group of Peninsular Thailand. Geol. Magazine 108, p. 445-446. Ridd, M.F. (2007)- A geological traverse across Peninsular Thailand. Geol. Soc. Thailand, Bangkok, Spec. Issue 1, p.


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Ridd, M.F. (2008)- Khao Thalai red-beds, a Lower Triassic or older formation in Chanthaburi and Rayong Provinces, SE Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience resources and environments of Asian terranes (GREAT 2008), Bangkok, p. 36-41. (online at: http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/007.pdf) (Unfossiliferous red sandstone and conglomerate ('Khao Thalai Redbeds') on Gulf of Thailand coast SW of Chanthaburi, SE Thailand. Underlie limestone with Scythian-Anisian foraminifera, so redbeds are older thanE-M Triassic) Ridd, M.F. (2009)- The Phuket Terrane: a Late Palaeozoic rift at the margin of Sibumasu. J. Asian Earth Sci. 36, p. 238-251. (Kaeng Krachan Gp of Peninsular Thailand identified as infill of rift between Sibumasu and Gondwana, and given name Phuket Terrane. Rift-infill several km thick, with glacially-influenced diamictites similar to >3 km pre-M Permian rift-fill of Carnarvon Basin, W Australia. Khlong Marui Fault E boundary of rift, Three Pagodas Fault zone also rift margin. Rifting ceased in E Permian and passive margin formed as Mesotethys ocean widened. U Kaeng Krachan Gp and overlying Ratburi Lst part of post-rift) Ridd, M.F. (2009)- Geological history of the Sibumasu Block in Peninsular Thailand: report of a Geologists’ Association Field Meeting in 2007. Proc. Geologists Assoc. 120, p. 163-174. (Thailand two main terranes, both of Gondwana origin: Sibumasu in W, Indochina in E, which collided in Late Triassic. Cambrian-Miocene Sibumasu sediments crop out in Peninsular Thailand, as well as two N-S chains of granite plutons: Cretaceous-Paleogene age in W, Triassic further E) Ridd, M.F. (2011)- Lower Palaeozoic. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 33-51. Ridd, M.F. (2012)- The role of strike-slip faults in the displacement of the Palaeotethys suture zone in Southeast Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 51, p. 63-84. (Six N-S tectono-stratigraphic belts in SE Thailand (1) W-most Belt, part of Sibumasu Block, while E-most belt (5) is Permian accretionary complex on W flank of Indochina. Belt (3) comprises volcanics and CarboniferousTriassic sediments with distinctive faunas, interpreted to be volcanic arc; Belt (4) comprises Triassic rocks of back-arc basin origin; Belt (6) is unconformable cover of Jurassic-Cretaceous red-beds. Triassic Indosinian Orogeny led to cratonization of SE Thailand by end-Triassic. Apparent absence of Devonian-Triassic Palaeotethys Ocean (Inthanon Zone of N Thailand) in SE due to post-Indosinian sinistral strike-slip faulting) Ridd, M.F., A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (2011)- Introduction to the geology of Thailand. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 1-32. Ridd, M.F., A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) (2011)- The geology of Thailand. Geol. Soc., London, Memoir, p. 1-614. (Comprehensive overview of geology of Thailand, including tectonic evolution, stratigraphy, petroleum, coal, minerals, igneous rocks, etc.) Rigby, S.M., A.A. Bal, H.M. Burgisser, D.K. Harris, M.A. Herber, S. Thumprasertwong & S. Winkler (1992)The Phitsanulok lacustrine basin, onshore Thailand. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article 91015. (Abstract only) (Phitsanulok basin is N-S trending intra-cratonic rift with up to 8 km of Tertiary sediments. Early rifting in Oligocene and E Miocene. Later compressional phase accompanied by basic volcanism. Lake Phitsanulok was 1000-4000 km2 body of fresh water, with up to 400 m of organic-rich claystones. Lake margins coarser deltaic deposits constitute main reservoirs of Sirikit oilfield. Sukhothai Depression main kitchen, first generating oil in M Miocene. Crudes are light (40° API) and waxy, with low sulfur and a high pour point) Royden, L.H., B.C. Burchfiel & R.D. van der Hilst (2008)- The geological evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Science 321, p. 1054-1058.


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Saengsrichan, W, T. Charoentitirat, A. Meesook, K. Hisada & P. Charusiri (2011)- Paleo-environments and tectonic setting of the Mesozoic Thung Yai Group in Peninsular Thailand, with a new record of Parvamussium donaiense Mansuy. Gondwana Res. 19, 1, p. 47-60. (300 m thick late E Jurassic- E Cretaceous Thung Yai Gp along E margin of Shan Thai block, unconformable between Triassic marine and Tertiary non-marine sediments. Dominantly brackish- non-marine clastics with few limestone beds. First record in peninsular S Thailand of bivalve Parvamussium donaiense. Represent E-M Jurassic inundation after Late Triassic closure of Paleotethys) Saengsrichan, W., J. Sha, A. Meesook & K. Hisada (2009)- Lithostratigraphy and petrography of marine Jurassic rocks in the Mae Sot area, Tak Province, western Thailand: implications for depositional environment and tectonics. Geol. Foren. Forh. 131, p. 83-103. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/11035890902857895( (Marine Jurassic rocks from the Mae Sot area of W Thailand 200-832 m thick, Toarcian- Bajocian age, shallow marine clastics with occasional carbonate platforms and reef flats) Saesaengseerung, D., S. Agematsu, K. Sashida & A. Sardsud (2009)- Discovery of Lower Permian radiolarian and conodont faunas from the bedded chert of the Chanthaburi area along the Sra Kaeo suture zone, Eastern Thailand. Paleont. Res., Pal. Soc. Japan, 13, 2, p. 119-138. (Lower Permian (Asselian- Sakmarian) radiolarians and conodonts from bedded chert blocks in Thung Kabin melange of Chanthaburi area, E Thailand. Probably deposited in pelagic environment at low latitudes of S Hemisphere in Palaeotethys or Palaeotethyan back-arc basin) Saesaengseerung, D., K. Sashida & A. Sardsud (2007)- Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous radiolarian fauna from the Pak Chom area, Loei Province, northeastern Thailand. Paleontological Res. 11, 2, p. 109-121. (Late Devonian- E Carboniferous radiolarian fauna in chert-clastic section along Khong River, Pak Chom area, NE Thailand. Deposited in pelagichemipelagic environment within Paleotethys Ocean in Late FamennianTournasian, probably on Nakhon Thai Block, subducted beneath Indochina Block. This suggests subduction and accretion of Naknon Thai Block continued through E Carboniferous) Saesaengseerung, D., K. Sashida & A. Sardsud (2008)- Discovery of Middle Triassic radiolarian fauna from the Nan area along the Nan-Uttaradit suture zone, northern Thailand. Paleontological Res. 12, 4, p. 397-409. (M Triassic radiolaria of Anisian Triassocampe deweveri fauna in siliceous rocks at Nan area along NanUttaradit suture zone, N Thailand. Deposited in pelagic environment in Nan-Uttaradit back-arc basin between Simao and Indochina blocks, suggesting this basin was connected with Paleo-Tethys and Panthalassa oceans and closed after M Triassic) Saesaengseerung, D., K. Sashida & A. Sardsud (2009)- Devonian to Triassic radiolarian faunas from Northern and Northeastern Thailand. In: GEOTHAI '07, Int. Conf. on Geology of Thailand, p. 54-71. (http://library.dmr.go.th/library/12703.pdf) (Radiolarian biostratigraphy of Devonian-Triassic deep marine sequences in N and NE Thailand. Twelve radiolarian zones proposed. Palaeo-Tethys ocean probably existed between Shan-Thai (=Sibumasu) and Indochina terranes at least since E Devonian. Timing of collision between Shan-Thai and Indochina later than E? Carnian (early Late Triassic)) Saing, U.C. (2003)- Evolution of Neogene Basins in Myanmar. In: B. Ratanasthien et al. (eds.) Pacific Neogene paleoenvironments and their evolution, 8th Int. Congr. on Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Chiang Mai, 2003, p. Sakagami, S. (1968)- Permian Bryozoa from Khao Ta Mong Rai, Peninsular Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 5, University of Tokyo Press, p. 47-67. Sakagami, S. (1999)- Permian bryozoans from some localities in the Khao Hin Kling area near Phetchbun, north-central Thailand. Bull. Kitakyushi Mus. Nat. Hist. 18, p. 77-103.


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Sakagami, S. & J. Twai (1974)- Permian fusulinaceans from the Pha Duk Chik limestone and in the limestone conglomerate in its environs, North Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia 14, University of Tokyo Press, p. 49-81. Sashida, K., H. Igo, S. Adachi, K. Ueno, Y. Kajiwara, N. Nakornsri & A. Sardsud (2000)- Late Permian to Middle Triassic radiolarian faunas from Northern Thailand. J. Paleontology 74, 5, p. 789-811. (Late Permian- M Triassic radiolarians from Shan-Thai Block in almost continuous chert- shale sequences exposed N of Chiang Mai, N Thailand. 50 species,35 genera) Sashida, K., H. Igo, K. Hisada, N. Nakornsri & A. Ampornmaha (1993)- Occurrence of Paleozoic and early Mesozoic radiolaria in Thailand (preliminary report). J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 97-108. Sashida, K., H. Igo, K. Ueno, N. Nakornsri & A. Sardsud (1998)- Late Paleozoic radiolarian fauna from northern and northeastern Thailand. Science Repts. Inst. Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, B 19, p. 1-27. Sashida, K., N. Nakornsri, K. Ueno & A. Sardsud (2000)- Carboniferous and Triassic radiolarian faunas from the Saba Yoi area, southernmost part of Peninsular Thailand and their paleogeographic significance. Science Reports Inst. Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, B, 21, p. 71-99 Sashida, K. & S. Salyapongse (2002)- Permian radiolarian faunas from Thailand and their paleogeographic significance. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 691-701. (Eight Permian radiolarian zones in chert and fine-grained pelagic-hemipelagic rocks in Permian of Thailand, Deposited in deep pelagic environment of Paleotethys Ocean that existed between Late Devonian- M Triassic. N Thailand uppermost Permian- M Triassic deposited in pelagic basin, in E Thailand change in depositional environment from deep pelagic in Permian to shallow seas in Triassic) Sashida, K., S. Salyapongse & P. Charusiri (2002)- Lower Carboniferous radiolarian fauna from the Saba YoiKabang area, southernmost part of Peninsular Thailand. Micropaleontology 48, Suppl. 1, Proc. INTERRAD 9, p. 129-143. (Lower Carboniferous radiolaria from black chert intercalated in thick-bedded sandstone at Saba Yoi-Kabang, S peninsular Thailand. Fauna 23 species of U Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous) Albaillella indensis assemblage, also known from Pyrenees, SW China, peninsular Malaysia and E Australia. Deposited in pelagichemipelagic environment in Paleotethys Ocean) Sashida, K. & S. Salyapongse & N. Nakornsri (2000)- Latest Permian radiolarian fauna from Klaeng, Eastern Thailand. Micropaleontology 46, 3, p. 245-263. Sato, T. (1972)- Ammonites du Toarcien au Nord de Saigon. In: Geology and Palaeont. of Southeast Asia 10, p. 231-242. (Toarcian ammonites N of Saigon) Sattayrak, N. (1983)- Review of the Mesozoic stratigraphy of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 127148. (Thailand widespread non-marine Mesozoic redbeds, especially in NE (Khorat Plateau). More marine in W. Mainly of Triassic age (Cretaceous?; HvG)) Sattayrak, N., B. Chaisilboon, S. Srikulwung, R. Charusirisawat et al. (1999)- Tectonic evolution and basin development of Northeast Thailand. In: Proc. 35th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Subic Bay 1998, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 39-62. Sattayarak, N., S. Polachan & R. Charusirisawad (1991)- Cretaceous rock salt in the northeastern part of Thailand. Proc. GEOSEA VII Conf., Bangkok 1991, p.


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Sattayarak, N., S. Srigulwong & S. Pum-Im (1989)- Petroleum potential of the Triassic pre-Khorat intermontane basins in northeastern Thailand. In: T. Thansutipak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang Mai, p. 43-58. Searle, M.P. (2006)- Role of the Red River shear zone, Yunnan and Vietnam, in the continental extrusion of SE Asia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 163, p. 1025-1036. (1000 km long Ailao Shan-Red River fault zone from SE Tibet to Gulf of Tonkin and S China Sea. Left-lateral strike-slip shearing along Red River shear zone started after 21 Ma, not 35 Ma as previously thought, and fault was purely crustal structure. None of geological features used to propose 500-1000 km offsets are robust, and total offset remains unknown) Searle, M.P. & C.K. Morley (2011)- Tectonic and thermal evolution of Thailand in the regional context of SE Asia. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 539-571. Searle, M.P., S.R. Noble, J.M. Cottle, D.J. Waters, A.H.G. Mitchell, Tin Hlaing & M.S.A. Horstwood (2007)Tectonic evolution of the Mogok metamorphic belt, Burma (Myanmar) constrained by U-Th-Pb dating of metamorphic and magmatic rocks. Tectonics 26, 3, 24 p. 1-24. (Mogok metamorphic belt of Birma extends >1500 km along W margin of Shan-Thai block. Previous geochronology suggested long-lasting Jurassic- E Cretaceous subduction-related event with emplacement of granodiorites and orthogneisses (171-120 Ma) and poorly constrained Tertiary metamorphic event. New U-Pb isotope data suggest two Tertiary metamorphic events affecting MMB: (1) Paleocene ~59 Ma and (2) Late Eocene- Oligocene (possibly 47, 37-29 Ma)) Senowbari-Daryan, B. & R. Ingavat-Helmcke (1993)- Upper Permian sponges from Phrae province (northern Thailand). In: International Symposium on Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, p. 439-451. Senowbari-Daryan, B. & R. Ingavat-Helmcke (1994)- Sponge assemblage of some Upper Permian reef limestones from Phrae province (Northern Thailand). Geologija 36, p. 5-59. (Fauna of uppermost Permian reefal limestones of Phrae province, N Thailand dominated by sponges incl. hexactinellida, sclerospongea, 'sphinctozoans', and 'inozoans'. Associated with Tubiphytes and Hemigordius, but no corals and fusulinid foraminifers found. Locality described here is W of 'Nan-Uttaradit' suture, which was probably not trace of Paleotethys, but is closure of minor oceanic basin) Sepulchre, P., D. Jolly, S. Ducrocq, Y. Chaimanee, J.J. Jaeger & A. Raillard (2010)- Mid-Tertiary paleoenvironments in Thailand: pollen evidence. Climates of the Past 6, p. 461-473. (Pollen assemblages from Late Oligocene and M-L Miocene mammal sites. Palynoflora from Oligocene suggests warm temperate forests at 24-26 Ma. M Miocene assemblages thermophilous taxa. Change can be linked to climate reorganization that brought warmer and wetter conditions over SE Asia around 22 Ma) Shawe, D.R. (1984)- Geology and mineral deposits of Thailand. US Geol. Survey Open-File Report 84-403, p. 1-190. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0403/report.pdf) Shen, S., Q. Feng, W. Yang, Z. Zhang & C. Chonglakmani ()- Study on the geochemical characteristics of ocean-ridge and oceanic-island volcanic rocks in the Nan-Uttaradit zone, northern Thailand. Chinese J. Geochemistry 29, 2, p. 175-181. (Ophiolite melange in Nan-Uttaradit zone, N Thailand, formed in Late Devonian- Permian. Metamorphic tholeiites similar to ocean-ridge basalts, hawaiites in Nan area similar to oceanic-island basalts. Basalts are all oceanic volcanic rocks and part of Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust) Shen, S.Z., G.R Shi & Z.J. Fang (2002)- Permian brachiopods from the Baoshan and Simao Blocks in westernYunnan, China. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 665-682.


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Shi, G.R., L. Raksaskulwong & H.J. Campbell (2002)- Early Permian brachiopods from northern and central peninsular Thailand. In: L.V. Hills et al. (eds.) Carboniferous and Permian of the World, Canadian Soc. Petrol. Geol., Mem. 19, p. 596-608. Shi, G.R., S. Shen, S., H.J. Campbell & L. Raksaskulwong (2001)- A Meekella-dominated Early Permian brachiopod assemblage from central Peninsular Thailand. In: Contributions to Geology and Paleontology of Gondwana in honour of Helmut Wopfner, Cologne, p. 441-451. Singharajwarapan, S. & R.F. Berry (1993)- Structural analysis of the accretionary complex in Sirikit Dam area, Uttaradit, Northern Thailand. J. SE. Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 233-245. Singharajwarapan, S. & R. Berry (2000)- Tectonic implications of the Nan Suture Zone and its relationship to the Sukhothai Fold Belt, Northern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, p. 663-673. (Nan Suture and Sukhothai Fold Belt mark Shan-Thai -Indochina collision zone. Shan-Thai Terrane rifted from Gondwana in E Permian. As it drifted N, subduction complex developed along N margin. Nan serpentinitic melange is Late Permian accretionary complex with offscraped blocks from subducted Carboniferous and Permian oceanic crust. Deformational style supports W-dipping subduction zone. Late Permian-Late Triassic fore-arc basin sediments preserved in Sukhothai Fold Belt. Sequence was folded and complexly thrust in Late Triassic as result of collision. Post-orogenic sediments prograded across suture in Jurassic) Sone, M., C. Chonglakmani & A. Chitnarin (2009)- Middle Permian productidine brachiopods from Central Thailand (the Indochina Terrane) with paleobiogeographic implications. J. Paleontology 83, 5, p. 804-810. (Assemblage of productid brachiopods Haydenella, Paraplicatifera and Compressoproductus from Wordian of U Saraburi Limestone Gp of C Thailand (W margin Indochina Terrane) suggests endemism for M Permian marine faunule of Indochina Terrane) Songtham, W., B. Ratanasthien, D.C. Mildenhall, S. Singharajwarapana & W. Kandharosaa (2003)- OligoceneMiocene climatic changes in Northern Thailand resulting from extrusion tectonics of Southeast Asian landmass. ScienceAsia 29, p. 221-233. (online at: http://www.thaiscience.info/journals/…) (Tertiary basins of N Thailand two main palynological assemblages: warm temperate (Oligocene- E Miocene, with common conifers) and tropical (M Miocene, probably also E Miocene age). Climate in Thailand changed from temperate to tropical in Oligo-Miocene, possibly caused by S-SE-ward movement of SE Asian landmass by extrusion tectonics induced by India- Eurasia collision, beginning at ~40-50 Ma) Songtham, W., B. Ratanasthien, M. Watanasak, D. Mildenhall, S. Singharajwarapan & W. Kandharosa (2005)Tertiary basin evolution in northern Thailand: a palynological point of view. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 53, p. 17-32. Srinak, N., K. Hisada, Y. Kamata & P. Charusiri (2007)- Stratigraphy of the Mae Sariang Group of Northwestern Thailand:implication for paleoenvironments and tectonic setting. Nat. Hist. J. Chulalongkorn University 7, 2, p. 87-108. (online at: http://www2.biology.sc.chula.ac.th/web%20of%20NHJCU%20PDF/7-2,%2087-108.pdf) (M-L Triassic deep marine clastics of Mae Sariang Gp of NW Thailand in narrow N-S belt and ~900m thick. Conformably over deformed Permian marine clastics and unconformably below subhorizontal Jurassic clastics. Conglomerate-lithic sandstone near base (with Halobia and Daonella bivalves), more mudstone and radiolarian chert in middle and with abundant Halobia and Posidonia bivalves near top of section. Interpreted as deposits of Permian-Triassic intra-cratonic basin (branch of Paleotethys?), within Shan-Tai Terrane, which closed in Late Triassic (Ishida et al. 2006 proposed this belt as the principal Paleotethys suture; HvG)) Sugiyama, T. & R. Toriyama (1981)- Coral and fusuline faunas from the Kabin Buri Area, East Central Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 22, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-22.


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Suwannathong, A. & D. Khummongkol (2007)- Oil shale resource in Mae Sot Basin, Thailand. In: 27th Oil Shale Symposium, Colorado School of Mines, p. 1-8. (On E Miocene lacustrine oil shale in Mae Sot Basin, Tak Province, NW Thailand) Taiyaqupt, M., P. Charusiri & W. Pongsapich (1984)- Geology and stratigraphy of Sri Racha area, Chonburi Province, Eastern Thailand. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 59-71. Tantiwanit, W., L. Raksaskulwong & N. Mantajit (1983)- The Upper Palaeozoic pebbly rocks in southern Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 96-104. (Widespread pebbly rocks/ diamictites in Carboniferous- E Permian marine Kaeng Krachan Fm in W Thailand. Can be correlated with Mergui Fm of Burma and Singa Fm of Malaysia. May be ice-rafted deposits and tillites, some may be slump deposits) Thanasuthipitak, T. (1978)- Geology of Uttaradit area and its implications on tectonic history of Thailand, Proc. 3rd Reg. Conf. Geology and Mineral Resources of S.E. Asia, Bangkok, p. 187-197. Thanomsap, S. & S. Sitahirun (1992)- The Mae Sot oil shale. In C. Piancharoen (ed.): Proc. Nat. Conf. Geologic resources of Thailand: potential for future development, Dept. Min. Res., Bangkok, p. 676-691. (On E Miocene lacustrine oil shale in Mae Sot Basin, Tak Province, NW Thailand) Thassanapak, H., M. Udchachon, C. Chonglakmani & Q. Feng (2011)- Geochemistry of Middle Triassic radiolarian cherts from northern Thailand: implication for depositional environment. J. Earth Science 22, 6, p 688-703. Thienprasert, A. & M. Raksaskulwong (1984)- Heat flow in northern Thailand. Tectonophysics 103, p. 217233. (Heat flow in N Thailand highly variable. Four regions with high heat-flow, over 100 mW/m2: Fang oil fields, San Kamphaeng geothermal area, Mae Sot and W margin of Khorat plateau) Thuy Nguyen, T.B., M. Satir, W. Siebel & S.Chen (2004)- Granitoids in the Dalat zone, southern Vietnam: age constraints on magmatism and regional geological implications. Int. J. Earth Sci. 93, p. 329-340. (Dalat zone Cretaceous Andean-type magmatic arc with granitoids and volcanic rocks. Three suites: Dinhquan at ~112-100 Ma, Cana at ~96-93 Ma and Deoca at ~92-88 Ma. Geochronological data support continuation of Andean-type arc running from SE China via S Vietnam to SW Borneo) Thuy Nguyen, T.B., M. Satir, W. Siebel, T. Vennemann & Trinh Van Long (2004)- Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of granitoids from the Dalat zone, southern Vietnam. J. Asian Earth Sci. 23, p. 467-482. (Cretaceous granitoids of Dalat zone are of sub-alkaline affinity, belong to high-K calc-alkaline series and display features typical of I-type granites) Tien, Phan Cu et al. (eds.) (1991)- Geology of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Explanatory note to Geological map, 1,000,000 scale, 2nd ed., Geol. Survey Vietnam, Hanoi, p. 1-158. Tingay, M.R.P., C.K. Morley, R.R. Hillis & J. Meyer (2010)- Present-day stress orientation in Thailand's basins. J. Struct. Geol. 32, p. 235-248. (Borehole breakouts in wells from 6 basins indicate N-S Smax in S Thailand and Gulf of Thailand, inconsistent with those predicted from India- Eurasia collision. Stresses from Sumatran-Andaman subduction zone may have resulted in significant deformation in offshore Thailand)


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Tofke, T., A. Lumjuan & D. Helmcke (1993)- Triassic syn-orogenic siliciclastics from the area of Mae Sariang (northwestern Thailand). Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia, Facies & Paleontology 2, p. 391-400. Toriyama. R. (1944)- On some fusulinids from Northern Tai. Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr, vol. 19, p. (Mid-Permian Pseudoschwagerina-dominated fusulinid assemblage from N Thailand) Toriyama, R. (1984)- Summary of fusuline faunas in Thailand and Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo, p. 137-146. Toriyama, R., T. Hamada, H. Igo, R. Ingavat, K. Kanmera. T. Kobayashi, T. Koike, et al. (1975)- The Carboniferous and Permian Systems in Thailand and Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 15, University of Tokyo Press, p. 39-76. Toriyama, R., K. Kanmera, S. Kaewbaidhoam & A. Hongnushonthi (1974)- Biostratigraphic zonation of the Rat Buri Limestone in the Khao Phlong Phrab area, Sara Buri, Central Thailand. In: T. Kobayshi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 14, University of Tokyo, p. 25-48. (About 250m of E-M Permian limestone, very rich in fusulinids (80 species, subdivided into 7 zones). High affinity of fauna with SE Pamir, S China and Japan) Toriyama, R., K. Pitakpavan & R. Ingavat (1978)- The paleogeographic characteristics of fusuline faunas of the Rat Buri Group in Thailand and its equivalent in Malysia. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. 3rd Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Resources of SE Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok 1978, p. 107-111. (Fusuline faunas of Thailand and Malaysia close relationship to W Tethys in M-U Carboniferous. In Permian stronger affinity to E Tethys. No maps) Tsubamoto, T., M Takai, N. Egi, N. Shigehara, S.T. Tun et al. (2002)- The Anthracotheriidae (Mammalia; Artiodactyla) from the Eocene Pondaung Formation (Myanmar) and comments on some other anthracotheres from the Eocene of Asia. Paleont. Res. 6, 4, p. 363-384. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (On Eocene anthracoceres (hippopotamid like mammal) from Myanmar, also known from Timor) Ueno, K. & T. Charoentitirat (2011)- Carboniferous and Permian. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 71-136. Ueno, K., A. Miyahigashi, Y. Kamata, M. Kato, T. Charoentitirat & S. Limruk. (2012)- Geotectonic implications of Permian and Triassic carbonate successions in the Central Plain of Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci., p. (in press) (Two Paleozoic-Mesozoic basement carbonate successions in Chao Phraya Central Plain of Thailand: (1) Triassic succession exposed in E Uthai Thani Province, with rich foraminiferal fauna of Aulotortus sinuosus, Tetrataxis inflata, etc. suggesting Late Triassic, Norian/Rhaetian age. Formed carbonate platform and is comparable to Triassic Lampang-Phrae Basin in Sukhothai Zone of N Thailand; (2) Uthai Thani Lst to W of this is slightly metamorphosed, thick-bedded Permian succession. Tied to Ratburi Lst typical of Permian on Sibumasu Block. Three geotectonic domains in C Plain, from E to W: (1) Indochina Block (Cathaysialand), (2) Sukhothai Zone (Permian-Triassic island arc system, and (3) Sibumasu Block (Gondwanaland)) Usuki, T., C.Y. Lan, K.L. Wang, T. A. Tran, M.W. Yeh, H.Y. Chiu & S.L. Chung (2010)- Early Archean crustal components in the Indochina block: evidence from U-Pb ages and Hf isotope of detrital zircons from the central Vietnam. In: 7th Int. Symp. Gondwana to Asia: evolution of Asian continent and its continental margins, Qingdao 2010,Int. Assoc. Gondwana Res., Japan, p. 45. (Abstract only) (online at: http://www.igm.nsc.ru/labs/lab212/~safonova/pdf/7thiagrabstracts.pdf) (U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis of detrital zircons from C Vietnam rivers, to characterize continental crust of Indochina block. Zircon dating results: Archean- Cambrian zircons four major clusters (2.5, 1.6, 1.00.9 and 0.65-0.5 Ga), younger zircons three clusters (450, 250, 30 Ma). Indochina block long crustal evolution history, involving significant amount of Archean continental crustal components)


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Utha-Aroon, C. (1993)- Continental origin of the Maha Sarakham evaporites Northeastern Thailand. In: 7th Reg. Congr. Geology Mineral and Energy Resources of SE Asia (GEOSEA VII), Bangkok 1991, p. 193-203. Uttamo, W., C. Elders & G. Nichols (2003)- Relationships between Cenozoic strike-slip faulting and basin opening in northern Thailand. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 210, p. 89-108. (Cenozoic tectonics in N Thailand resulted from collision between Indian plate and Eurasia. Continued indentation of Indian plate into Eurasia caused polyphase extrusion of Sundaland and movement of major strike-slip faults. Regional E-W extension in Late Oligocene-Early Miocene. Thirty-six major faults and 42 intra-cratonic basins recognized in N Thailand from Landsat TM images, >70% related to strike-slip tectonics) Von Braun, E. & R. Jordan (1976)- The stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Mesozoic sequence in the Mae Sot area in western Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch. B, 21, p. 5-51. Vu Khuc, D. (1990)- Palaeogeography of Viet Nam during the Triassic. ESCAP Atlas of Stratigraphy 9, p. 5472. Vu Khuc (ed.) (1991)- Paleontological Atlas of Vietnam, vol. 3, Molluscs, Geol. Survey Vietnam, Hanoi, p. Vu Khuc (2000)- The Triassic of Indochina Peninsula and its interregional correlation. In: H. Yin, J.M. Dickins et al. (eds.) Permian-Triassic evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific, Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Elsevier, 18, p. 221-233. (Triassic correlations in Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand. Two types of Triassic: (1) An Chau, with felsic volcanogenic Anisian unconformable on older formations, Carnian continental red beds or absent; (2) Song Da, with calcareous Anisian conformable on Lw Triassic and with marine Carnian with deep-water halobiid bivalves) Vu Khuc & E. Cariou (1998)- Ammonites from Jurassic basins of Viet Nam and their stratigraphic implications. Journ. Geology, HaNoi, 11-12, p. 107-120. Vu Khuc, D. & D.T. Huyen (1998)- Triassic correlation of the Southeast Asian mainland. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 143, p. 285-291. (Triassic in SE Asia mainly marine sediments. Fossils mostly bivalves and ammonoids. Biostratigraphic scales to help correlate Triassic sequences of different SE Asian areas. Twelve assemblage zones distinguished. SE Asia Triassic many species in common with S China and Himalayas) Vu Khuc, C. Meister & D.T. Huyen (2005)- New results of the study on Early Jurassic ammonites from Viet Nam and their stratigraphic implications. Int. Subcomm. Jurassic Stratigraphy Newsl. 32, p. 38-41. (online at: http://jurassic.earth.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/10244/ISJS32.pdf) Wang, S., G. Wang & Q. Chen, (1999)- Sedimentary facies of the lower Permian Ngangze Formatio in the Coquen Basin, Xizang. Sedimentary Facies and Paleogeography 19, p. 44-48. (in Chinese) Wang Xiang-dong, T. Sugiyama & K. Ueno (1998)- Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphy of the Baoshan Block, West Yunnan, Southwest China. Permophiles, Newsletter Permian Stratigraphy 32, p. 38-40. (Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphy of Baoshan Block comparable to Sibumasu Block, which is considered to be one of the Gondwana-derived terranes in present-day SE Asia. Basal Permian includes diamictites of possible glaciomarine origin, fusulinid forams Pseudofusulina and Eoparafusulina, small solitary corals incl Cyathaxonia and basaltic lavas. M Permian Shazipo Fm limestone with forams Eopolydiexodina, Neoschwagerina sp., Verbeekina, Shanita amosi, Hemigordius and massive corals) Watanasuk, M. (1989)- Palynological zonation of Mid-Tertiary intermontane basins in northern Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Proc. Int. Symposium on Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia, Chiang Mai, p. 216-223.


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Watanasak, M. (1990)- Mid-Tertiary palynostratigraphy of Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 3, p. 203218. Waterhouse, J.B (1981)- Early Permian brachiopods from Ko Yao Noi and near Krabi, southern Thailand. In: J.B. Waterhouse et al. (eds.) The Permian stratigraphy and palaeontology of Southern Thailand, Geol. Survey Mem.4, Department of Mineral Res., p. 43-213. Waterhouse, J.B. (1982)- An Early Permian cool-water fauna from pebbly mudstones in south Thailand. Geol. Mag. 119, 4; p. 337-354. (Small brachiopod fauna from E Permian pebbly mudstones- sandstones of Phuket Gp at Ko Muk and Ko Phi Phi islands, Andaman Sea. Most genera are found in temperate- high palaeolatitudes, suggesting pebbly mudstones are cool water deposits, contemporaneous with Late Asselian Gondwana glacial deposits) Waterhouse, J.B. & S. Piyasin (1970)- Mid-Permian brachiopods from Khao Prik, Thailand. Palaeontographica, A, 135, p. 83-197. Watkinson, I., C. Elders & R. Hall (2008)- The kinematic history of the Khlong Marui and Ranong Faults, southern Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 30, p. 1554-1571. (Khlong Marui (KMF) and Ranong Fault (RF) NNE-trending strike-slip faults dissecting peninsular Thailand. Two phases of ductile dextral shear, separated by Campanian magmatism. Paleocene-Eocene post-kinematic granites date end of this phase. Brittle sinistral phase deforms granites, and exhumed ductile fault rocks. Faults formed near S margin of Late Cretaceous-Paleocene orogen, and may have been influenced by variations in rate of subduction. N-S compression prior to reactivation of subduction around southern Sundaland in Eocene caused widespread deformation in overriding plate, including sinistral transpression on KMF and RF) Watkinson, I., C. Elders, G. Batt, F. Jourdan, R. Hall & N.J. McNaughton (2011)- The timing of strike-slip shear along the Ranong and Khlong Marui faults, Thailand. J. Geoph. Res., Solid Earth, 116, B09403, 26p. (Ranong and Khlong Marui faults experienced major ductile dextral shear in M Eocene (48-40 Ma), which followed two phases of dextral shear along Ranong Fault: before Late Cretaceous (>81 Ma) and Late Paleocene- E Eocene (59-49 Ma). Many sheared rocks part of pre-kinematic crystalline basement, which partially melted and was intruded by Late Cretaceous (81-71 Ma) and E Eocene (48 Ma) tin granites. Late Eocene (<37 Ma) faults reactivation as curved sinistral branches of Mae Ping and Three Pagodas faults, accommodating lateral extrusion during India-Asia collision and Himalayan orogenesis) Watkinson, I., C. Elders & R. Hall (2008)- The kinematic history of the Khlong Marui and Ranong Faults, southern Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 30, p. 1554-1571. Wattananikorn, K., J.A. Beshir & A. Nochaiwong (1995)- Gravity interpretation of Chiang Mai Basin, northern Thailand: concentrating on Ban Thung Sieo area. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, p. 53-64 (Chiang Mai Tertiary basin five sub-basins. Depth to Cretaceous basement up to 2.3 km) Wielchowsky, C.C. & J.D. Young (1985)- Regional facies variations in Permian rocks of the Petchabun fold and thrust belt. In: Proc. Conf. Geology and Mineral Resource Development of NE Thailand, Khon Kaen Univ., Bangkok 1983, p. 41-55. Win, T.T., R.M. Davies, W.L. Griffin, P. Wathanakul & D.H. French (2001)- Distribution and characteristics of diamonds from Myanmar. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, p. 563-577. Winkel, R., R. Ingavat & D. Helmcke (1983)- Facies and stratigraphy of the lower-lower Middle Permian strata of the Petchabun fold-belt in Central Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand and Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 293-306.


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(Lower and lower Middle Permian 'Nam Duk Fm, of Petchabun area mainly deep water limestones, cherts and shales, with acid tuff interbeds. Presence of displaced shallow marine fusulinids (Sumatrina, Parafusulina). Foram genus Hemigordius in most E-M Permian samples. Onset of overlying flysch and molasse deposits in M Permian (Murgabian)) Wolfart, R. (1984)- Stratigraphy of the Western Shan Massiv, Burma. Geol. Jahrbuch, B57, p. 3-92. Wolfart, R. (2003)- Ordovician faunas (Trilobita, Ostracoda, Cystoidea, Crinoidea) from West Thailand. Their significance for biostratigraphy and balaeobiogeography. Geol. Jahrbuch B 94, p.1-265. Wonganan, N. & M. Caridroit (2005)- Middle and Upper Devonian radiolarian faunas from Chiang Dao area, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. Micropaleontology 51, 1, p. 39-58. (Diverse Devonian radiolarians in ribbon-bedded chert in accretionary complex N of Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai, N Thailand, part of newly described (Paleotethys) suture zone. Radiolarians 43 species, Entactinaria dominant. Trilonche minax (lower Frasnian) assemblage from Australia recognized in area. Radiolarian cherts evidence for presence of wide paleo-ocean between Shan-Thai and Indochina continental terranes) Wonganan, N. & M. Caridroit (2006)- Middle to Upper Permian radiolarian faunas from chert blocks in Pai area, northwestern Thailand. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 99. Suppl. 1, p. 133-139. (Well-preserved Permian radiolarians in chert blocks in Mae Hong Son province, NW Thailand, recently mapped as Carboniferous. In N Thailand Devonian- Triassic was zone of deep marine sedimentation, one of longest records of continuous deposition in oceanic setting) Wonganan, N., C. Randon & M. Caridroit (2009)- Mississippian (early Carboniferous) radiolarian biostratigraphy of northern Thailand (Chiang Dao area). Geobios 40, 6, p. 875-888. (Five E Carboniferous radiolarian assemblage zones recognized in ribbon-bedded radiolarites N of Chiang Dao, N Thailand. About 300m thick series of Devonian- M-L Triassic distal oceanic deposits present in N Thailand, reflecting long-lived (150-200My) Paleotethys oceanic realm between Indochina and Shan-Thai continental terranes) Wongwanich, T. & A.J. Boucot (2011)- Devonian. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 53-70. Wongwanich, T., A.J. Boucot, C.H.C. Brunton, M.R. House & P.R. Racheboeuf (2004)- Namurian fossils (brachiopods, goniatites) from Satun Province, southern Thailand. J. Paleontology 78, 6, p. 1072-1085. (M Carboniferous goniatite and brachiopod fauna is described from Pa Samed Fm clastics in S Thailand, which unconformably overlie E. Devonian (Emsian) dacryonarid-rich black mudstones. Brachiopod fauna several new species and unlike any previously known from Asia) Wongwanich, T., C.F. Burrett, W.Tansathien & P. Chaodumrong (1990)- Lower to Mid Palaeozoic stratigraphy of mainland Satun province, southern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 1, p. 1-9. Yan, D.P., M.F. Zhou, C.Y. Wang & B. Xia (2006)- Structural and geochronological constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Dulong-Song Chay tectonic dome in Yunnan province, SW China. J. Asian Earth Sci. 28, p. 332-353. (Dulong-Song Chay dome on border of China (SE Yunnan) and N Vietnam consists of metamorphic core complex, probably ~800 Ma protolith age, and cover sequence, separated by extensional detachment fault, both overlain unconformably by Late Triassic strata. Late Silurian- E Devonian (~436–402 Ma) granitic intrusion in core complex. Metamorphic grades upper greenschist-low amphibolite facies in core to low greenschist facies in cover sequence. Major extension at M Triassic (237 Ma). Dulong granites intruded the Dulong-Song Chay dome at Early (144-140 Ma) and M Cretaceous (116=/-10 Ma))


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Yumuang, S., C. Khantaprab & M. Taiyaqupt (1986)- On the evaporate deposits in Bamnet Narong area, northeastern Thailand. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 249-267. Zhou, P. & S.B. Mukasa (1997)- Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic, and major- and trace-element geochemistry of Cenozoic lavas from the Khorat Plateau, Thailand: sources and petrogenesis. Chem. Geol. 137, p. 175-193. (Basaltic rocks from Khorat Plateau dated at 0.9 Ma, coinciding in time with extension of continental SE Asia that began in mid-Cenozoic. Dominated by alkali-olivine basalt and hawaiite. Probably derived from melts similar in isotopic character to moderately depleted Indian Ocean MORB. This asthenospheric source likely prevalent beneath continentalSE Asia) Zhou, Z. & M. Liengjarern (2004)- Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. J. Paleont. 78, 2, p. 317-339. (Artinskian Metaperrinites and Kungurian Perrinites faunas in Ratburi Group of N C Thailand and Saraburi Group of S C Thailand. Form part of perrinitid belt of ancient Tethys from Crimea in W to Pamir, W China, C Thailand to Timor in E) Zhu, D.C., X.X. Mo, Y. Niu, Z.D. Zhao, L.Q. Wang, G.T. Pan, F.Y. Wu (2009)- Zircon U-Pb dating and in-situ Hf isotopic analysis of Permian peraluminous granite in the Lhasa terrane, southern Tibet: implications for Permian collisional orogeny and paleogeography. Tectonophysics 469, p. 48-60. (Lhasa terrane is volcanic arc system during E-M Permian. Zircon dating of eclogite and granite from S margin of C Lhasa Block and regional angular unconformity between M and U Permian point to Permian 'Gangdese Orogeny' event at ∼263 Ma. May be caused by collision between Lhasa terrane and N margin of Australia, following closure of Paleo-Tethyan Ocean S of Lhasa terrane) Zhu, D.C., Z.D. Zhao, Y. Niu, Y. Dilek, Z.Q. Hou & X.X. Mo (2012)- The origin and pre-Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Gondwana Res. , 26p. (in press) Zhu, D.C., Z.D. Zhao, Y. Niu, Y. Dilek & X.X. Mo (2012)- Lhasa terrane in southern Tibet came from Australia. Geology 39, 8, p. 727-730. (Detrital zircon ages and isotope data from Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks of Lhasa terrane (Tibet) with distinctive age population of ~1170 Ma with εHf(t) values identical to coeval detrital zircons from W Australia, most likely derived from Albany-Fraser belt in SW Australia. Lhasa terrane exotic to Tibetan Plateau system, not part of Qiangtang-Greater India–Tethyan Himalaya continental margin system in Paleozoic) Zuoqi, L. (1993)- The discovery and significance of the Late Jurassic sporopollen assemblage in Peninsular Thailand. In T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Proc. Int. Symposium on Biostratigraphy of Mainland Asia: facies and palaeontology, Chiang Mai, 2, p. 361-380.


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IX.4. South China Sea Areshev, E.G., T.L. Dong, N.T. San & O.A. Shnip (1992)- Reservoirs in fractured basement on the continental shelf of southern Vietnam. J. Petrol. Geol. 15, p. 451-464. ASCOPE/ CCOP- Asian Council on Petroleum (1981)- Tertiary sedimentary basins of the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea: stratigraphy, structure and hydrocarbon occurrences. ASCOPE Secretariat, Jakarta, 72 p. Baillie, P., T.V. Thang, P. Carter, P. Barber & T. Spry (2005)- Petroleum prospectivity in the Indonesia/ Vietnam border region. Proc. SEAPEX 2005, 12 p. (TGS Heimdal seismic survey) Barckhausen, U. & H.A. Roeser (2004)- Seafloor spreading anomalies in the South China Sea revisited. In: P. Clift et al. (eds.) Continent-ocean interactions within East Asian marginal seas, AGU Geoph. Mon. 149, p. 121125. (Updated interpretation of seafloor spreading anomalies in S China Sea based on new magnetic data. Symmetric seafloor spreading of 5.6 cm/year full rate began at ~31 Ma at E-W trending ridge in central part of SCS. After ridge jump of ~50 km to S at 25 Ma spreading accelerated to 7.3 cm/ year. Second spreading center became active in SW part of SCS, which remained separated from original spreading axis. Formation of oceanic crust ended at 20.5 Ma at both axes. Interpretation differs significantly from earlier studies) Ben-Avraham, Z. & S. Uyeda (1973)- The evolution of the China Basin and the Mesozoic paleogeography of Borneo. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 18, p. 365-376. (At least three stages in tectonic evolution of S China Sea basin: (1) N-S extension associated with formation of oceanic crust in middle Mesozoic; (2) and (3) stages of E-W compression associated with closing of China Basin in Tertiary, involving NW movement of Borneo toward Asia with underthrusting along Palawan Trough. Early Mesozoic paleogeographic reconstruction places Borneo adjacent to mainland China and Hainan. Opening of basin explained by simple rotation of small plate, which included Borneo and Natuna Islands) Blanche, J.B. & J.D. Blanche (1997)- An overview of the hydrocarbon potential of the Spratly Islands archipelago and its implications for regional development. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds.) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia, Geol Soc, London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 293-310. (Hydrocarbon potential of Spratly Islands archipelago relatively unknown and in region of many territorial disputes. Surrounded by oil-producing areas of Vietnam, Natuna, NW Palawan, Luconia Shelf, etc.) Bochu, Y. (1999)- The geotectonic character of SE Asia and Cenozoic tectonic history of South China Sea. Gondwana Res. 2, 4, p. 512-515. Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A,.L.H. Nielsen, H.P. Nytoft, H.I. Petersen, Nguyen Thi Dau et al. (2005)- Geochemical characteristics of oil seepages from Dam Thi Nai, Central Vietnam: implications for hydrocarbon exploration in the offshore Phu Khanh Basin. J. Petrol. Geol. 28, p 3-18. (Active oil seepage on E coast of C Vietnam, adjacent to N part of offshore and largely unexplored Phu Khanh Basin. Petroleum was generated from Tertiary marine marl source rock) Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A, H.P. Nytoft & Nguyen Thi Dau (2009)- Petroleum composition in the Cuu Long Basin (Mekong Basin) offshore southern Vietnam. Marine Petrol. Geol. 26, p. 899-908. (Cuu Long (Mekong) rift basin off S Vietnam important petroleum basin. Oils from four fields are highly paraffinic. Originated from lacustrine source rocks, presumably Oligocene lacustrine shales in syn-rift) Boulay S., C. Colin, A. Trentesaux, S. Clain, Z. Liu & C. Lauer-Leredde (2007)- Sedimentary responses to the Pleistocene climate variations recorded in the South China Sea. Quat. Res. 68, p. 162-172. Braitenberg, C., S. Wienecke, & Y. Wang (2006)- Basement structures from satellite-derived gravity field: South China Sea ridge. J. Geoph. Res. 111B, p. 1-15.


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Briais, A., P. Tapponnier & G. Pautot (1989)- Constraints of Sea Beam data on crustal fabrics and seafloor spreading in the South China Sea. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 95, p. 307-320. Briais, A., P. Patriat & P. Tapponnier (1993)- Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea, implications for the Tertiary tectonics of SE Asia. J. Geophys. Res. 98, B4, p. 6299- 6328. Briais, A., P. Patriat, & P. Tapponnier (1993)- Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea; implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia. J. Geoph. Res. 98, p. 6299-6328. (New set of magnetic profiles in NE and SW South China Sea. Spreading between 32-27 Ma created rel. smooth basement, now covered by thick sediments. Ridge jumped S and created rough basement, with thinner sediments than in N, from ~27-16 Ma, while spreading rate was slower. Spreading stopped at ~15.5 Ma. Reconstruction of Oligo-Miocene SE Asia blocks movements tied to extrusion of Indochina after India- Asia collision. Cessation of spreading after 16 Ma synchronous with final increments of left-lateral shear and normal uplift in Ailao Shan (18 Ma) and incipient Australian-Eurasian plates collisions) Calvert, S.E., T.F. Pedersen & R.C. Thunnell (1993)- Geochemistry of the surface sediments of the Sulu and South China Seas. Marine Geol. 114, p. 207-231. Caryana, Y.K. (1999)- Feasibility of applying natural gas hydrates technology for removal of gas contaminants and for storing and transporting natural gas. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Gas habitats of SE Asia and Australasia. Proc. Int. Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta 1998, p. 43-50. Clift, P., G.H. Lee, N.A. Duc, U. Barckhausen, H.V. Long & S. Zhen (2008)- Seismic reflection evidence for a Dangerous Grounds miniplate: no extrusion origin for the South China Sea. Tectonics 27, TC 3008, p. 1-16. (S boundary of Dangerous Grounds is subduction zone that jammed in M Miocene. Dangerous Grounds bounded by strike-slip zone, also active until ~16 Ma. W Baram Line originates as strike-slip fault in Dangerous Grounds and continuous with Red River Fault Zone. Because Dangerous Grounds independent of Sundaland until ~16 Ma, extrusion impossible as mechanism to rift S China Sea. SE motion by Dangerous Grounds and Sundaland suggests subduction primary trigger for plate motions. Our reconstruction places ~280 km upper limit on motion on Red River Fault and a ~1400 km width to Paleo-South China Sea) Clift, P., J. Lin & U. Barckhausen (2002)- Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up in the South China Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 19, p. 951-970. (S China Sea formed by seafloor spreading in Late Oligocene at ~30 Ma following a series of extensional events within Mesozoic continental arc crust. Study of faults on seismic reflection profiles from margins. Forward models based on upper crustal faulting underpredicted subsidence, especially towards continentocean transition (COT). Interpreted to indicate preferential extension of continental lower crust along COT on both margins. Forward models based on upper crustal faulting support idea of very weak continental crust ) Clift, P.D., J. Lin & ODP Leg 184 Scientific Party (2001)- Patterns of extension and magmatism along the continent-ocean boundary, South China margin. In: R.C.L. Wilson, R.B. Whitmarsh et al. (eds.) Non-volcanic rifting of continental margins: a comparison of evidence from land and sea, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 187, p. 489-510. (Early Oligocene sea-floor spreading in S China Sea preceded by Maastrichtian and Mid-Eocene continental extension that generated rift basins on margin and outer structural high. Seismic evidence of rift-related volcanic rocks~25 km landward of continent-ocean boundary. S China margin may be intermediate type of continental extension between Iberia-type non-volcanic and Greenland-type volcanic margin) Clift, P.D. & Z. Sun (2001)- The sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin and the southern Hainan margin, South China Sea: implications for Tibetan uplift and monsoon intensification. J. Geoph. Res. 111, B06405, 28p.


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(Yinggehai-Song Hong large pull-apart basin along Red River fault zone in South China Sea, cross-cutting rifted margin of northern South China Sea. Basins started to open after ~45 Ma, especially after ~34 Ma. Yinggehai basin folded and inverted in M Miocene, after 21 Ma in N and 14 Ma in S, rapidly subsiding again after ~5 Ma. Sediment supply peak in M Miocene. Major uplift in Red River drainage in M Miocene or older) Cossey, S.P.J. & W.T. Valenta (1984)- Seismic hydrocarbon indicators in South China Sea. Oil Gas J., 13 June 1984, p. 212-224. Cullen, A., P. Reemst, G. Henstra, S. Gozzard & A. Ray (2010)- Rifting of the South China Sea: new perspectives. Petroleum Geosc. 16, 3, p. 273-282. (Oligocene seafloor spreading and rift propagation in S China Sea critical tectonic events that overprint earlier phase of regional extension. Two models proposed to explain opening of S China Sea. Sarawak Orogeny attributed to Eocene-Early Oligocene collision of Dangerous Grounds-Reed Bank with Sabah and Palawan. Oligo-Miocene subduction of oceanic crust under NW Borneo is minimal. Sabah Orogeny and younger inversion events related to underthrusting of Dangerous Grounds driven by both the opening of the South China Sea and NW-directed subduction beneath SE Sabah in Semporna-Dent Peninsula) Cuong, T.X. & J.K. Warren (2009)- Bach Ho field, a fractured granitic basement reservoir, Cuu Long basin, offshore SE Vietnam: a "buried-hill" play. J. Petrol. Geol. 32, 2, p. 129-156. (Bach Ho field originally discovered by Mobil in 1975. Producing since mid-1980's from Late Cretaceous granite-granodiorite, associated with major NE-SW Late Oligocene transpressional fault with ~2000m of lateral displacement cross-cutting Central Block. 1000m liquids column, effective porosities 3-5%) Dao, D.V. & T. Huyen (1995)- Heat flow in the oil basins of Vietnam. CCOP Techn. Bull. 25, p. 55-61. Dien, P.T., C. Andersen, L.H. Nielsen, N.H. Quy, P.V. Tiem & P.S. Tai (2000)- Basin analysis and petroleum system of the Song Hong Basin. Proc. 36th Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Hanoi 1999, p. 1-33. (Song Hong Basin series of complexly faulted sub-basins on NW margin S China Sea. In NE area oil play in U Devonian- Lw Carboniferous fractured carbonates, sourced from juxtaposed Oligocene syn-rift lacustrine shales. Also U Oligocene- Miocene clastics play) Dorobek, S.L. (2000)- Cenozoic carbonate buildups of the South China Sea and the early post-rift history of passive continental margins. Geol. Soc. America, Ann. Mtg. 2000, Abstracts with Programs 32, 7, p. 226. (Abstract only) (S China Sea underlain by Paleogene rifted continental and young (32-15 Ma) oceanic crust. Extensional basement highs became nucleation sites for carbonate sedimentation during latest syn-rift to early post-rift phases. Longest lived, largest and thickest buildups in most offshore rift basins. Large isolated platforms commonly coalescence from smaller buildups. Growth of buildups strongly influenced by long-term subsidence. Many of farthest offshore buildups still growing today. Termination of more inboard Cenozoic buildups due to hypernutrification or increasing turbidity from major river systems. Only in offshore Palawan and E parts of Dangerous Grounds tectonic subsidence rates rapid enough to drown carbonate buildups) Du Bois, E.P. (1981)- Review of principal hydrocarbon-bearing basins of the South China Sea area. Energy 6, 11, p. 1113-1140. (S China Sea area basins include: Thai, Malay, West Natuna and Penyu, Saigon and Mekong (Vung Tau), E Natuna, Greater Sarawak including C Luconia and Balingian provinces, Baram Delta/Brunei-Sabah and NW Palawan Shelf. Hydrocarbons commonly associated with M and Upper Miocene age rocks. Oligocene and Pliocene occurrences locally significant.) Du Bois, E.P. (1985)- Review of principal hydrocarbon-bearing basins around the South China Sea. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 18, p. 167-209. (Review of basins around S China Sea in Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, N Borneo, Natuna and NW Palawan)


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Emery, K.O. & Z. Ben-Avraham (1972)- Structure and stratigraphy of China Basin. AAPG Bull. 56, 5, p. 839859. (Early seismic interpretation of S China Sea. Acoustic basement in S part of basin that may be continuation of igneous and metamorphic rocks beneath adjacent shelf which were peneplaned during Late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic. More irregular basement in N of basin may be oceanic basement, etc. ) Emery, K.O. & Z. Ben-Avraham (1972)- Structure and stratigraphy of the China Basin. United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 6, p. 117-140. (Same paper as above) Fan, P.F. (1995)- Tectonic patterns and Cenozoic basalts in the western margin of the South China Sea. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf.Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century, Kuala Lumpur 1994, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 91-99. (Allochthonous fragments (Indosinia, Sibumasu, East Malaya, and SW Kalimantan) rifted from Gondwanaland and drifted N. Indosinia collided with Yangzi-Huanan terranes in Devonian- Early Carboniferou. Sibumasu collided with East Asia and E Malaya during Indosinian Orogeny (220-200 Ma). At ~50 Ma collision of Indian continent led to fragmentation of Asia, followed by Andaman Sea opening, clockwise rotation of Indochina plate, and S China Sea rifting and opening . Late Cretaceous alkaline intrusions in Red River area of N Vietnam during initial rifting of S China Sea. Indian-Eurasian collision pushed Indochina Peninsula in ESE direction. Most M Tertiary movements along left-lateral Red River, Tonle Sap-Mekong faults, with extension along these faults responsible for Plio-Pleistocene alkaline basalts from Mekong Delta NW into Thailand) Fontaine, H. (1980)- Pre-Tertiary hydrocarbon potential of the South China Sea. Proc. 17th Sess. CCOP, Bangkok 1980, p. 304-321. Fontaine, H. & M. Mainguy (1981)- Pre-Tertiary hydrocarbon potential of the South China Sea. In: Proc. EAPI/CCOP Workshop, Energy 6, 11, p. 1165-1177. (Oil and gas fields in S China Sea and bordering seas produce from Tertiary strata. To NW and SE of S China Sea shows and potential have been noted in pre-Tertiary sections) Fontaine, H. & M. Mainguy (1985)- Pre-Tertiary oil and gas potential in the South China Sea. In: Proc. 2nd EAPI/CCOP Workshop, Energy 10, 3-4, p. 403-412. (On regional distribution of pre-Tertiary sediments and petroleum potential. Permian limestone section probably best target for petroleum exploration. Pre-Tertiary rocks probably gas prone) Franke, D., U. Barckhausen, N. Baristeas, M. Engels, S. Ladage, R. Lutz, J. Montano, N. Pellejera, E.G. Ramos & M. Schnabel (2011)- The continent-ocean transition at the southeastern margin of the South China Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 28, 6, p. 1187-1204. (S China Sea created by magma-poor rifting in Paleogene. Study of continent-ocean transition (COT) at S margin off NW Palawan between continental blocks of Reed Bank and Palawan- Calamian islands. Two major NE trending rifted basins. Continent-ocean transition interpreted at seaward limit of continental crust, but magnetic spreading anomalies terminate ~80-100 km farther N. Area in-between extensive volcanism (dykes, extrusive basaltic lava flows, occurring after breakup). COT varies from distinct outer ridge with steep seafloor relief to rotated fault blocks and half-grabens above eroded pre-rift basement and no seafloor relief. Gravity modelling shows extremely thinned crust across shelf) Fuguang, H. (1988)- Cenozoic reefs-new targets for oil fields in the northern part of the South China Sea. In: H.C. Wagner et al. (eds.) Petroleum Resources of China and related subjects, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy Mineral Res., Earth Science Series, 10, p. 199-218. Fuller, M., R. Haston, J.L. Lin, B. Richter, E. Schmidtke & J. Almasco (1991)- Tertiary palaeomagnetism of regions around the South China Sea. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 161-184. (Paleomag data for Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines)


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Fyhn, M.B.W., L.O. Boldreel & L.H. Nielsen (2009)- Tectonic and climatic control on growth and demise of the Phanh Rang carbonate platform offshore south Vietnam. Basin Res. 21, 2, p. 225-251. (Phan Rang carbonate platform offshore S Vietnam >15,000 km2, one of largest in S China Sea. Platform growth initiated in late M Miocene and terminated in Pliocene. Late Miocene regional uplift and subaerial exposure, causing karstification. Deteriorated growth conditions and fast subsidence resulted in platform splitup, backstepping and local drowning. Isolated platforms nucleated on structural highs as transgression continued. Longest surviving platform now crops out at seafloor at ~500 m depth) Fyhn, M.B.W., L.O. Boldreel & L.H. Nielsen (2009)- Geological development of the central and south Vietnamese margin: implications for the establishment of the South China Sea, Indochinese escape tectonics and Cenozoic volcanism. Tectonophysics 478, p. 184-214. (Vietnamese margin of S China Sea underlain by Paleogene rift basins established through SE-ward extrusion of Indochina. Late Oligocene, basin inversions offshore contemporaneously with initial right-lateral inversion along Mae Ping Shear Zone and onset of major uplift of metamorphic core complexes, probably in response to N-ward movement of India. Renewed rifting offshore after jump of SCS spreading axis and Neogene SW-ward propagation of continental break-up, consequence of slab-pull associated with subduction of proto-SCS under Borneo. Rifting and continued until end M Miocene. Termination of seafloor spreading marked by latest M Miocene unconformity in Nam Con Son and Phu Khanh basins. Neogene volcanism) Fyhn, M.B.W., L.H. Nielsen, L.O. Boldreel, L.D. Thang, J. Bojesen-Koefoed, H.I. Petersen, et al. (2009)Geological evolution, regional perspectives and hydrocarbon potential of the northwest Phu Khanh Basin, offshore Central Vietnam. Marine Petrol. Geol. 26, p. 1-24. Granath, J.W., W.G. Dickson, J.M. Christ & M.E. Odegard (2004)- Exploration-scale features from high resolution gravity and topographic datasets and their derivatives. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., DFE04-PO-052, 11p. (High-resolution gravity examples, mainly from South China Sea) Hayes, D.E. & S.S. Nissen (2005)- The South China Sea margins: implications for rifting contrasts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 237, p. 601- 616. (Dramatic differences in crustal thicknesses along margin of S China. Continental crustal extension much less along E and C segments than W segment of margin. Differences accommodated by early formation of oceanic crust adjacent to E margin, with continued extension of continental crust to W. Two models predict oceanic crust of SCS basin toward W not forming until 6-12 my after initial formation to E (~32 Ma). Total crustal extension ~1100 km, remarkably consistent for all segments) He, L, K. Wang, L. Xiong & J. Wang (2001)- Heat flow and thermal history of the South China Sea. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 126, p. 211-220. (Heatflow values from Sh China Sea widely scattered, with mean of 77 mW/m2. Heat flow increases gradually from N margin to central basin, with two high heat flow center. S margin average heat flow 80 mW/m2, similar to N margin. W margin (Manila trench) average heat flow 49 mW/m2. Thermal history inferred from multistage pure-shear extension model shows that since Late Miocene basement heat flow increased as result of greater extension. Present-day high heat flow primarily result of Pliocene extension) Hsu, S.K., Y.C. Yeh, W.B. Doo & C.H. Tsai (2004)- New bathymetry and magnetic lineations identifications in the northernmost South China Sea and their tectonic implications. Marine Geoph. Res. 25, p. 29-44. (Seafloor spreading of S China Sea (SCS) commonly believed to take place between ~32-15 Ma. New magnetic data in northernmost SCS suggests existence of E–W trending magnetic patterns and demonstrate oldest SCS oceanic crust could be Late Eocene (37 Ma, anomaly C17), with a half-spreading rate of 44 mm/yr) Huang C. & Z. Jianqiang (1995)- Characteristics of Cenozoic sedimentary formation and tectonic evolution of South China Sea. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 125-131.


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Huang, C. & J. Zhong (1995)- Characteristics of Cenozoic sedimentary formation and tectonic evolution of South China Sea. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century, Kuala Lumpur 1994, Bulletin Geol. Soc. Malaysia 37, p. 125-131. (Cenozoic sediments of S China Sea can be classified into three types, stable, substable and unstable, and two cycles, Lower (E1 -E2) ) and Upper (Q-E3) ) by Late Mid-Eocene unconformity. Lower Cycle mainly fluviallacustrine facies. Upper Cycle is onlap sediment and mainly shallow marine or deep ocean. Central Ocean Basin formed after Mid-Oligocene, and nappe and obduction of Philippines Island-Arc and counter-clockwise rotation of Kalimantan resulted in gradual closing of Paleo-South China Sea) Huchon, P., T.N.H. Nguyen & N. Chamot-Rooke (1998)- Finite extension across the South Vietnam basins from 2D gravimetric modeling: relation to South China Sea kinematics. Marine Petrol. Geol. 15, p. 619-634. (Crustal thickness map over S Vietnam basins from inversion used to estimate stretching: 190 km in E to 30 km in W. Comparison with S China Sea kinematics implies decoupling relative to Indochina block and supports formation of S China Sea in Late Oligocene- E Miocene by S-ward subduction of Proto-South China Sea) Huchon, P., T.N.H. Nguyen & N. Chamot-Rooke (2001)- Propagation of continent break-up in the southwestern South China Sea. In: R.C.L. Wilson et al. (eds.) Non-volcanic rifting of continental margins: a comparison of evidence from land and sea, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 187, p. 31-50. Hutchison, C.S. (2004)- Marginal basin evolution: the southern South China Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, 9, p. 1129-1148. (Southern S China Sea W of W Baram Line is Sundaland extinct passive margin, with rifting from Eocene (~46 Ma)- E Miocene (19-21 Ma). E of line is convergent margin that became collision zone in M Miocene. Oilprolific Baram Delta, resulting from uplift and erosion of W Cordillera, built out to NW Borneo Trough. Passive margin continental rise (Dangerous Grounds) underthrust beneath Sabah to cause uplift of W Cordillera. W Baram Line now extinct major right-lateral transform fault) Hutchison, C.S. & V.R. Vijayan (2010)- What are the Spratly Islands? J. Asian Earth Sci. 39, p. 371-385. (Spratly Islands, Dangerous Ground Province, are active carbonate build-ups that probably initiated in Miocene on NE-SW trending sea-floor cuestas that parallel magnetic anomalies of S part of S China Sea. Cuestas composed of Triassic and Cretaceous strata indicating Dangerous Ground is part of pre-rift Sundaland continent that included S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, W Sarawak and possibly part of Sabah) Janson, X., G.P. Eberli, A.J. Lomando & F. Bonaffe (2010)- Seismic characterization of large-scale platformmargin collapse along the Zhujiang carbonate platform (Miocene) of the South China Sea, based on Miocene outcrop analogs from Mut Basin, Turkey. In: W.A. Morgan, A.D. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 79-98. (On carbonate platform margin collapse or slumps, seen on seismic sections across Lower Miocene Zhujiang Platform margin, subsurface Pearl River Mouth Basin. Truncation of margin suggests several slump scars, associated downslope with rotated and folded strata that are still connected to detachment surfaces) Jian, Z., P. Wang, M.P. Chen et al. (2000)- Foraminiferal response to major Pleistocene paleoceanographic changes in the southern China Sea. Paleoceanography 15, 2, p. 229- . Jinmin, W. (1988)- Cenozoic Basins of the South China Sea. Episodes 11, 2, p. 91-96. Jinmin, W. (1994)- Evaluation and models of Cenozoic sedimentation in the South China Sea. Tectonophysics. 235, p. 77-98. Johansen, K.B. (2011)- Phu Khanh Basin, offshore Vietnam; the last true frontier of the Vietnam East Sea margin- an insight into the petroleum system. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 14, 44p. (Presentation package. Phu Khanh Basin at W side of S China Sea, offshore Vietnam. Eocene- M Oligocene rift half-grabens with locally >3km of syn-rift sediment. Late Oligocene inversion event, E-M Miocne extension, M Miocene inversion, etc. Upper Miocene basin floor fan complexes. Numerous leads)


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Katili, J.A. (1981)- Geology of Southeast Asia with particular reference to the South China Sea. In: Proc. EAPI/CCOP Workshop, Energy 6, 11, p. 1077-1091. (Review of S China Sea- W Indonesia plate tectonics) Katili, J.A. (1981)- Geology of Southeast Asia with particular reference to the South China Sea. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Center, Bandung, 4, p. 1-12) (Same paper as above) Kenyon, C.S. (1999)- The petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential of the Vung May Basin, offshore Vietnam, Southwest China Sea. Proc. Offshore Southeast Asia Conf., Singapore 1998, p. Kudrass, H.R., M. Wiedicke, P. Cepek, H. Kreuzer & P. Muller (1986)- Mesozoic and Cainozoic rocks dredged from the South China Sea (Reed Bank area) and Sulu Sea and their significance for plate-tectonic reconstructions. Marine Petrol. Geol. 3, p. 19-30. (Rocks dredged from S China Sea scarp slopes include Upper Triasic- Lower Jurassic deltaic clastics, Early Cretaceous metamorphics (113-122 Ma) and latest Jurassic amphibolite (146 Ma). Late Oligocene- E Miocene carbonate platform developed on this S-drifting continental fragment during seafloor spreading in S China Sea. M Miocene andesite and E-M Miocene reefal carbonates recovered from Cagayan Ridge, Sulu Sea) Kuhnt, W., A. Holbourn & Q. Zhaq (2002)- The early history of the South China Sea: evolution of OligoceneMiocene deep water environments. Revue Micropal. 45, 2, p. 99-159. (Study of Early Oligocene- Miocene deep water benthic forams of ODP Site 1148 in northern South China Sea. 'Flysch-type' assemblages of 'Para-Tethys' character dominate Oligocene. Miocene assemblagese typically 'Pacific'. With detailed species descriptions) Lee, T.Y. & L.A. Lawver (1992)- Tectonic evolution of the South China Sea region. J Geol Soc China 35, 4, p. 353-388. Lee, T.Y. & L.A. Lawver (1994)- Cenozoic plate reconstruction of the South China Sea region. Tectonophysics 235, p. 149-180. (Reconstructions of the S China Sea region from 60 to 5 Ma. Two or three stages of extension: (1) Late Cretaceous- Eocene NW-SE extension (proto-China Sea; probably consumed at Palawan Trough); (2) Late Eocene- E Miocene N-S extension. (3) post-Oligocene; probably NW-SE. Collision of N Palawan microcontinent with W Philippines block stopped opening of S China Sea at end of E Miocene. Spreading switched to Sulu Sea Basin in M Miocene but collision between Sulu Ridge and W Philippines at Mindanao halted opening of Sulu Sea at end of M Miocene.) Lee, G.H., K. Lee & J.S. Watkins (2001)- Geologic evolution of the Cuu Long and Nam Con Son basins, offshore Southern Vietnam, South China Sea. AAPG Bull. 85, p. 1055-1082. Lee, G.H. & J.S. Watkins (1998)- Seismic sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of the Phu Khanh Basin, offshore central Vietnam, South China Sea. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 82, p. 1711-1735. Li, B., Z. Jian, Q. Li, J. Tian, & P. Wang (2005)- Paleoceanography of the South China Sea since the Middle Miocene: evidence from planktonic foraminifera. Marine Micropal. 54, p. 49- 62. Li, C.F., Z. Zhou, H. Hao, H. Chen, J. Wang, B. Chen & J. Wu (2008)- Late Mesozoic tectonic structure and evolution along the present-day northeastern South China Sea continental margin. J. Asian Earth Sci. 31, p. 546-561. Li, C.F., X. Shi, Z. Zhou, J. Li, J. Geng & B. Chen (2010)- Depths to the magnetic layer bottom in the South China Sea area and their tectonic implications. Geoph. J. Int. 182, 3, p. 1229-1247.


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(Depths to base of magnetic layer in S China Sea computed from total field magnetic anomalies. Most of central SCS ocean basin and northern continent-ocean transition zone significantly shallower magnetic base (~22 km; much larger than Moho depth) than surrounding continental block, where it is at ~34 km, close to Moho depth) Li, Jaibao (1997)- The rifting and collision of the South China sea terrain system. In: W. Pinxian & W.A. Berggren (eds.) Proc. 30th Int. Geol. Congr. 13, Marine geology and palaeooceanography, p. 33-46 Li, Q, Z. Jian & X. Su (2005)- Late Oligocene rapid transformations in the South China Sea. Marine Micropal. 54, 1-2, p. 5-25. (ODP Site 1148 unconformities at Lower/Upper Oligocene and Oligocene-Miocene boundaries plus two others in Upper Oligocene, together erasing sediment record of ~3 Ma in period of active seafloor spreading. Initial breakup of SCS probably at 34-33 Ma. Expanded Lower Oligocene section resulted from rifting between 33-29 Ma. Mid-Oligocene unconformity at 28.5 Ma probably related to initial collision between Indonesia and Australia. Narrowed Indonesian seaway may have accounted for Late Oligocene warming and chalk deposition in northern SCS. Unconformities near Oligocene- Miocene boundary probably correspond to changes in rotation of blocks and seafloor; also first New Guinea terrane docking at N Australian craton) Li, Q., P. Wang, Q. Zhao, L. Shao, G. Zhong, J. Tian, X. Cheng et al. (2006)- A 33 Ma lithostratigraphic record of tectonic and paleoceanographic evolution of the South China Sea. Marine Geol. 230, p. 217-235. (ODP Site 1148 sequence show six major steps of S China Sea geohistory over past 33 Ma. Rapid deposition characterized Early Oligocene (33- 28.5 Ma) rifting. Slow sedimentation signifies S-ward stable seafloor spreading (28.5- 23 Ma) to end of spreading (23-15 Ma). Five major dissolution events. Return of high sedimentation in late Pliocene- Pleistocene caused by intensified down-slope transport) Li, Q., P. Wang, Q. Zhao,, J. Tian, X. Cheng, Z. Jian, G. Zhong & M. Chen (2008)- Paleoceanography of the mid-Pleistocene South China Sea. Quat. Sci. Rev. 27, p. 1217-1233. Li, S., C. Lin, Q. Zhang, S. Yang & P. Wu (1989)- Episodic rifting of continental marginal basins and tectonic events since 10 Ma in the South China Sea. Chinese Sci. Bull. 44, 1, p. 10-23. Li, X., G. Wei, L. Shao, Y. Liu, X. Liang et al. (2003)- Geochemical and Nd isotopic variations in sediments of the South China Sea; a response to Cenozoic tectonism in SE Asia. Earth Plan Sci Lett 211, p. 207-220. (Variations in geochemistry and Nd isotopic in ODP Site 1148 sediments, S China Sea. Nd isotopes suggests pre-27 Ma sediments flowing into S China Sea dominantly from SW (Indochina-Sunda Shelf, possibly NW Borneo), post-23 Ma sediments N provenance (S China). Response to SE Asia plate reorganization at ~25 Ma) Li, Q., Q. Zhao, G. Zhong, Z. Jian, J. Tian et al. (2007)- Deepwater ventilation and stratification in the Neogene South China Sea. J. China Univ. Geosciences 18, 2, p. 95-108. (Three periods of deep water ventilation since Miocene in S China Sea, marked by red-brown sediment color: 21-17 Ma, 15-10 Ma, and 10-5 Ma. Pacific Bottom Water marker species rapidly increased since 6 Ma) Liang, D. & Z. Liu (1990)- The genesis of the South China Sea and its hydrocarbon-bearing basins. J. Petrol. Geol. 13, 1, p. 59-70. Liang, X. G. Wei, L. Shao, X. Li and R. Wang (2001)- Records of Toba eruptions in the South China Sea. Chemical characteristics of the glass shards from ODP 1143A. Science in China, Ser. D, Earth Sciences, 44, 10, p. 871-878. (Three 2 cm thick layers of volcanic tephra from ODP 1143 Site in South China Sea dated as. 0.07, 0.8 and ca. 1.0 Ma by microbiostratigraphy, presumably from Toba. Dominated by volcanic glass shards with a median grain size of 70–75 μm) Lin, A. T., A.B.Watts & S.P. Hesselbo (2003)- Cenozoic stratigraphy and subsidence history of the South China Sea margin in the Taiwan region. Basin Res. 15, 4, p. 453-478.


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(N margin of SCS in Taiwan region evolved from Paleogene rift to latest Miocene-Recent foreland basin, reflecting opening SCS and subsequent partial closure by Taiwan orogeny. Rifting (~58-37Ma) formed 4200 km wide extended zone. By ~37 Ma focus of rifting shifted to present-day continent-ocean boundary of S Taiwan, which led to seafloor spreading of SCS at ~30 Ma. Rift-drift transition (~37-30 Ma) coeval withl uplift of previously rifted margin, leading to erosion and breakup unconformity. Oligocene uplift followed by rapid, early post-breakup subsidence (~30-18 Ma). Ssubsidence of inner margin thermally controlled subsidence, subsidence in outer shelf accompanied by faulting during ~30-21 Ma. During ~21-12.5 Ma entire experienced broad margin thermal subsidence. At ~12.5 Ma rifting resumed, and ceased at ~6.5Ma due to overthrusting of Luzon volcanic arc. Taiwan orogeny created foreland basin by loading rifted margin) Liu, Y. et al. (1995)- The neotectonic movement and geological hazards in the Nansha Islands. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 133-142. Liu, H.L., P. Yan, B.Y. Zhang, Y. Sun, Y.Z. Zhang et al. (2004)- Role of the Wan-Na fault system in the western Nansha Islands (Southern South China Sea). J. Asian Earth Sci. 23, p. 221-233. (Seismic data off Nansha (Spratly) Islands, southern S China Sea (SCS). Wan-Na Fault Zone is plate-bounding dextral strike-slip system , with major activity occurred in Eocene- E Miocene) Lloyd, A.R. (1978)- Geological evolution of the South China Sea. Proc. SEAPEX 4 Conf., Singapore 1977/78, p. 95-137. (Interpretation of SE Asia- South China Sea tectonics in terms of expanding earth. With PrecambrianPleistocene SE Asia paleogeographic maps) Lu, B.Q., G.Q. Xu, H.G. Wang, H.M. Zhao (2002)- Sea floor spreading recorded by drowning events of Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the South China Sea. Chin. J. Geol. 37, 4, p. 405-414. Ludmann T. & H.K. Wong (1999)- Neotectonic regime on the passive continental margin of the northern South China Sea. Tectonophysics 311, p. 113-138. Luo, Z., R. Zhang & L. He (1981)- Tectonics and deposits of the Cenozoic era in the South China Sea. In: Proc. EAPI/CCOP Workshop, Energy 6, 11, p. 1093-1098. Ma, Y,, S. Wu, F. Lv, D. Dong, Q. Sun et al. (2011)- Seismic characteristics and development of the Xisha carbonate platforms, northern margin of the South China Sea. J. Asian Earth Sci. 40, p. 770-783. (On seismic characteristics of Xisha carbonate platforms, which include modern-day Xisha Atoll, on northern continental margin of South China Sea) Matthews, S.J., A.J Fraser, S. Lowe, S.P. Todd & F.J. Peel (1997)- Structure, stratigraphy, and petroleum geology of the SE Nam Con Son Basin, offshore Vietnam. In A.J. Fraser et al. (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 89-106. Mazur, S., J.M. Whittaker, K. Wilson, M.G. Stewart, P. East, R. Bouatmani & P.J. Markwick (2009)Application of plate reconstructions and 2D gravity modeling to quantify crustal stretching during continental break-up: a South China Sea case study. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-017, 12p. Morley, R.J., T. Swiecicki & D.T.T. Pham (2011)- A sequence stratigraphic framework for the Sunda region, based on integration of biostratigraphic lithological and seismic data from Nam Con Son Basin, Vietnam. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-002, 22 p. (Stratigraphic successions in Pattani, Malay, Penyu, W Natuna and Nam Com Son Basins many common features: Late Eocene- E Oligocene synrift followed by Late Oligocene and later post-rift deposition. E-M Miocene variable degrees of inversion and also extension in Nam Con Son Basin, followed by Late Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene regional subsidence. sequences closely parallels sequence biostratigraphic frameworks previously of W Natuna and Malay basins)


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Murray, M.R. & S.L. Dorobek (2004)- Sediment supply, tectonic subsidence, and basin-filling patterns across the Southwestern South China Sea during Pliocene to Recent time. In: P. Clift et al. (eds.) Continent-ocean interactions within East Asian marginal seas, Am. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. Ser. 149, p. 235-253. Nguyen, V.G. & P.D. Rabinowitz (1999)- Gravity modeling of the Song Hong Basin, Offshore Vietnam. Offshore Technology Conf., Houston 1999, 10745-MS, 10p. (Song Hong Basin, 200 x 600 km with up to 14 km of sediments. Gravity inversion and rift stretching models suggest basin is passive rift. Rift extension most probably linked to India- Eurasia collision) Parke, M.L., K.O. Emery, R. Szymankiewicz & L.M. Reynolds (1971)- Structural framework of the continental margin in the South China Sea. ECAFE CCOP Techn. Bull. 4, p. 103-142. (Seismic and geomagnetic traverses in Gulf of Thailand, N Sunda Shelf and adjacent deep-sea show presence of three large sedimentary basins: Gulf of Thailand basin (from Bangkok to Singapore), Mekong and BruneiSaigon basins. Deep-sea floor in NE contains abyssal plain and broad plateau dotted with seamounts, some of which capped with coral atolls. Prospects for oil and gas appear favorable) Parke, M.L., K.O. Emery, R. Szymankiewicz & L.M. Reynolds (1971)- Structural framework of continental margin in South China Sea. AAPG Bull. 55, 5, p. 723-751. (Same paper as above. Early mega-regional seismic interpretation of Gulf of Thailand- North Sunda Shelf to N Borneo) Pautot, G. & C. Rangin (1989)- Subduction of the South China Sea axial ridge below Luzon. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 92, p. 57-69. Pautot, G., C. Rangin, A. Briais, P. Tapponnier, P. Beuzart et al. (1986)- Spreading directions in the central South China Sea. Nature 321, p. 150-154. (S China Sea is 'Atlantic-type' marginal basin of late Tertiary age. Magnetic anomalies in E part consistent with seafloor spreading directed approximately N-S. Dominant normal fault scarps, striking N50° E, implying NWSE spreading, at least in the 150-200-km-wide axial region) Pautot, G., C. Rangin, A. Briais, J. Wu, S. Hanet al. (1990)- The axial ridge of the South China Sea: a seabeam and geophysical survey. Oceanologica Acta 13, p. 129-143. Pham Tuan Dung (2011)- Exploration and development of the Ca Ngu Vang field fracture basement reservoir. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 15, 30p. (Presentation package) (Ca Ngu Vang field offshore S Vietnam 2002 oil discovery with first oil in 2008 from Pre-Tertiary fractured granite reservoir and Lower Miocene sandstones) Pupilli, M. (1973)- Geological evolution of South China Sea area- tentative reconstruction from borderland geology and well data. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 223-241. (Reconstruction of Paleozoic- Mesozoic tectonic elements W Indonesia- Malaysia- Thailand. Early Cretaceous quartz-monzonites and granodiorites in 4 wells N of Anambas Islands) Qian, Y. (1990)- Heat flow and age of crust of the South China Sea. In: B. Elishewitz (ed.) Proc. CCOP Heat Flow Workshop III, Bangkok 1988, CCOP Techn. Publ. 21, p. 79-89. (S China Sea divided into 5 heatflow zones. Age of crust calculated from thermal models as 15 Ma (SW), 17 Ma (C) and 22 Ma (N))) Rangin, C., J.F. Stephan & C. Muller (1985)- Middle Oligocene oceanic crust of the South China Sea, jammed into Mindoro Collision Zone, Philippines. Geology 13, p. 425-428. Roberts, D.G. (1988)- Basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration in the South China Sea. In: H.C. Wagner et al. (eds.) Petroleum Resources of China and related subjects, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy & Mineral Resources, Earth Science Ser., Houston, 10, p. 157-177.


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Ru, K. & J.D. Pigott (1986)- Episodic rifting and subsidence in the South China Sea. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol, Geol. 70, p. 1136-1155. (S China Sea at least 3 stages of rifting. Since E Cretaceous) Sattler, U., A. Immenhauser, W. Schlager & V. Zampetti (2009)- Drowning history of a Miocene carbonate platform (Zhujiang Formation, South China Sea). Sediment. Geol. 219, p. 318-331. (Zhujiang carbonate platform (BP Liuhua 11-1 field, 220 km SE of Hongkong) succession of facies types, suggesting deepening-upward trend i) grain facies with miogypsinid/lepidocyclinid fauna in oligotrophic back-reef setting; ii) in situ corals in patch-reef facies in oligotrophic lagoon (< 10 m); iii) rhodoid facies, dominated by Heterostegina sp. and spiroclypeids, possibly capped by subaerial exposure surface;. iv) pelagic marine shales burying platform after drowning. No evidence for meteoric diagenesis at drowning unconformity on top of carbonate platform) Sattler, U., V. Zampetti, W. Schlager & A. Immenhauser (2004)- Late leaching under deep burial conditions: a case study from the Miocene Zhujiang carbonate reservoir, South China Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, 8, p. 977992. (Zhujiang carbonates reservoir in Liuhua 11-1 field three porous zones of ~20 m intercalated with tight zones, parallel to bedding. Majority of pores late leaching in deep burial settings. Tight zones lack porosity because of meteoric cementation prior to late leaching. Corrosive fluids migrated along bedding-parallel tight zone barriers and leached intervals in between, emphasizing depositional pattern) Schluter, H.U., K. Hinz & M. Block (1996)- Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea. Marine Geol. 130, p. 39-78. (5 main terranes in S China Sea, 4 in Sulu Sea. Dangerous Grounds, Reed Bank, Palawan- NW Borneo Trough and Palawan continental terranes developed on proto-China margin by simple shearing in Late Cretaceous- E Paleocene. Rift was abandoned and new W-ward propagating rift system developed N of Dangerous GroundsReed Bank from M Eocene- E Miocene together with seafloor spreading in S China Sea. Leading edge of Sdrifting continental terranes collided with Late Cretaceous- E Eocene subduction complex of N-most terrane of proto-Sulu Sea. Continuous convergence, back-arc spreading of SE Sulu Sea terrane and anti-clockwise rotation of Borneo responsible for compression structures of Sulu Sea terranes, including formation of splinters of oceanic crust. NNW-SSE right-lateral systems cut across most terranes, presumably ceasing at 12-16 Ma) Shaoren, J., Z. Xiaozhong, H. Ciliu & X. Kanyuan (1994)- The stratigraphy, structure and basin subsidence of Tertiary basins along the Chinese southeastern continental margin. Tectonophysics 235, p. 51-62. Shi, X., X. Qiu, K. Xia & D. Zhou (2003)- Characteristics of surface heat flow in the South China Sea. J. Asian Earth Sci. 22, 3, p. 265-277. Shiau, L.J., P.S. Yu, K.Y. Wei, M. Yamamoto, T.Q. Lee, T.E. Fang & M.T. Chen (2008)- Sea surface temperature, productivity and terrestrial flux variations of the southeastern South China Sea over the past 800 000 years (MIAGES MD972142). Terr. Atmos. Ocean. 19, 4, p. 363-376. Shoup, R.C. (1995)- Tertiary paleogeography of the East and South China Seas. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc Int. Symp. Sequence stratigraphy in Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1995. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 451-456. (Paleogeographic maps for Late Cretaceous- E Paleocene. Late Paleocene- E Eocene, M Eocene, Late Eocene, Oligocene-E Miocene and Late Miocene of E and S China Seas) Steinke, S., H.Y. Chiu, P.S. Yu, C.C. Shen, H. Erlenkeuser, L. Lowemark & M.T.Chen (2006)- On the influence of sea level and monsoon climate on the southern South China Sea freshwater budget over the last 22,000 years. Quatern. Sci. Rev. 25, p. 1475-1488. (Changes in freshwater budget in S S China Sea over last 22,000 years from sediment core using Mg/Ca and O oxygen isotopes of planktonic foram Globigerinoides ruber. During Last Glacial Maximum higher freshwater contribution because closer to mouths of Baram, Rajang and N Sunda/ Molengraaff Rivers at that time)


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Su, D., X. Chen & Z. Liu (1995)- The gravity field and tectonics of the Nansha Islands (Dangerous Grounds). In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century, Kuala Lumpur 1994, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 37, p. 117-123. (Gravity surveys of Nansha Islands in S part of S China Sea show three zones: (1) Zengmu (Sarawak) Basin, where gravity mostly controlled by sediment thickness, (2) Reed Bank Gravity High (highest gravity values in S China Sea), where gravity influenced mostly by deep crustal structure, and (3) Nansha (Palawan) Trough Gravity Low. Modelled crustal thickness ~25 km for Reed Bank, 20-25 km in reef areas, ~ 20 km in trough areas, and thin crust 17-20 km thick beneath Zengmu Basin) Sun, Z., Z. Di, Z. Zhihong, X. Bin, Q. Xuelin et al. (2006)- Research on the dynamics of the South China Sea opening: evidence from analogue modeling. J. Science in China, D 49, 10, p. 1053-1069. (S China Sea continental rifting and early spreading from 32- 26 Ma. From 24 Ma on, spreading in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at ~15.5 Ma. Early opening accompanied by ~15° clockwise rotation, while SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Existence of rigid massifs changed orientations of some faults and rift belt, and led to deformation concentrated around massifs. Rifting and drifting of SCS might be caused by slab pull from proto S China Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision) Sun Z., Z. Zhong, M. Keep, D. Zhou, D. Cai, X. Li, S. Wua & J. Jiang (2009)- 3D analogue modeling of the South China Sea: A discussion on breakup pattern. J. Asian Earth Sci. 34, p. 544-556. Taylor, B. & D.E. Hayes (1980)- The tectonic evolution of the South China Basin. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands- 1. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 23, p. 89-104. Taylor, B. & D.E. Hayes (1983)- Origin and history of the South China Sea Basin. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands, 2, Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 23-56. Wan, S., W.M. Kurschner, P.D. Clift, A. Li & T. Li (2009)- Extreme weathering/erosion during the Miocene Climatic Optimum: evidence from sediment record in the South China Sea. Geoph. Res. Lett. 36, L19706, doi:10.1029/2009GL040279, 5 p. (Rapid increase in weathering erosion and sedimentation around S China Sea around E-M Miocene boundary, (17.2- 15 Ma) correlates closely with Miocene Climate optimum, suggests extreme continental weathering and erosion at time of high temperature and strong precipitation) Wang, J., Q. Zhao, X. Cheng, R. Wang & P. Wang (2000)- Age estimation of the mid-Pleistocene microtektite event in the South China Sea: A case showing the complexity of the sea-land correlation. Chinese Science Bull. 45, p. 2277-2280. (Stratigraphic position of M-Pleistocene microtektite layer estimated at 10-12 ka before Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic polarity reversal in deep sea cores from Indian Ocean, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea and also in S China Sea, making age of widespread Australasian meteorite impact ~800-802 kaBP) Wang, P. & Q. Li (eds.) (2009)- The South China Sea: oceanography and sedimentology. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research 13, Springer Verlag, 506 p. White J.M. & R.S. Wing (1978)- Structural development of the South China Sea with particular reference to Indonesia. Proc. 7th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 159-178. Wiedicke, M.C. (1987)- Biostratigraphie, Mikrofazies und Diagenese Tertiarer Karbonate aus dem Sudchinesischen Meer (Dangerous Grounds-Palawan, Philippinen). Facies 16, p. 195-302. (‘Biostratigraphy, microfacies and diagenesis of Tertiary carbonates from South China Sea’. Dangerous Grounds dredge samples compared to Palawan outcrops and wells at NW-shelf. Most samples abundant Te5 (Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene) larger foraminifera. Various shallow-water facies. Carbonates represent


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drowned Oligocene-Miocene carbonate platform, now at water depths of 2400 m. Carbonate stability ranking: (Lowest stability) aragonitic skeletons (corals, bivalves)-soritids-lepidocyclinids/ miogypsinids-Cycloclypeus coralline algae-echinoderms-amphisteginids (stable). Low Sr content points to ‘marine’ diagenesis). Wong, H.K., T. Ludmann, C. Haft, A.M. Paulsen et al. (2003)- Quaternary sedimentation in the Molengraaff paleo-delta, Northern Sunda shelf (Southern South China sea). In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Tropical deltas of Southeast Asia- sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology. SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, p. 201216. (Seven seismic units below postglacial unit are prograding shelf-margin lowstand wedges, deposited during forced regressions. Oldest unit may reach back to 570 ka. Outer Sunda shelf was delta plain of Molengraaff river system during last glacial) Worden, R.H., M.J. Mayall & I.J. Evans (1997)- Predicting reservoir quality during exploration: lithic grains, porosity and permeability in Tertiary clastic rocks of the South China Sea Basin. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds), Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 107-115. (Tertiary sandstones in Gulf of Thailand, Malay and South China Sea basins rich in pelitic metamorphic rock fragments, weathered basic igneous rock fragments and micaceous rock fragments. Rapid loss of porosity with depth at rate commensurate with sandstones with 20-40% ductile grains. Low permeabilities at shallow depths relative to other hydrocarbon provinces which have lower ductile grain contents) Wright, C.M. (2006)- Neogene stratigraphic relationships within the Nam Con Son Basin, offshore Vietnam resulting from tectonics, eustasy and sediment flux. Ph.D. Thesis, Texas A&M University, 115p. (Nine sequence boundaries and associated sequences are recognized on seismic along the late MiocenePleistocene shelf in E Nam Con Son Basin. Ages assigned to horizons by correlating sequence boundaries with published sea level curves. Two primary Pliocene-Recent sediment sources to SW South China Sea, probably paleo-Mekong Delta and fluviodeltaic system from Sunda Shelf, such as Molengraaff River) Wu, J. (1988)- Cenozoic basins of the South China Sea. Episodes 11, 2, p. 91-96. (37 Cenozoic sedimentary basins recognized in South China Sea, 18 of which with oil and gas. Grouped in 6 major depositional provinces. With small Eocene, Late Oligocene and M Miocene depositional facies maps) Wu, J. (1994)- Evaluation and models of Cenozoic sedimentation in the South China Sea. Tectonophysics 235, p. 77-98. (S China Sea marginal basin geologically complex and characterized by extensive distribution and complicated evolution of thick Cenozoic sediments. Cenozoic divided into eight sedimentary provinces. Line linking Taiwan and Natuna was sea-land boundary of S China Sea in early Cenozoic. Transgression cycle dominant W of this line, while regression prevails to E) Xia, K.Y. & D. Zhou (1993)- The geophysical characteristics and evolution of northern and southern margins of the South China Sea. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 223-240. Xia, K.Y., C.L. Huang, S.R. Jiang, Y.X. Zhang, D.Q. Su et al. (1994)- Comparison of the tectonics and geophysics of the major structural belts between the northern and southern continental margins of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics 235, p. 99-116. Yan, P., H. Deng, H. Liu, Z. Zhang & Y. Jiang (2006)- The temporal and spatial distribution of volcanism in the South China Sea region. J. Asian Earth Sci. 27, p. 647-659. (Very little volcanism asociated with rifting and sea floor spreading in S China Sea. Large basement relief caused by extension formed major basins and a continental-oceanic transitional zone in the N margin reflects high crustal rigidity during rifting- drifting) Yan, P. & H. Liu (2005)- Tectonic-stratigraphic division and blind fold structures in Nansha Waters, South China Sea. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, 3, p. 337-348.


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(Seismic data from Nansha waters (Spratley Islands; S margin South China Sea. Five tectonic belts: PalawanBorneo Nappe (NW-thrusted antclines of Neogene sediments), Nansha Trough (deep, undisturbed Neogene), Nanwei-Liyue Compressive Belt (Late Mesozoic paleo-anticlines overlain by undeformed sediments with Paleogene hiatus), Zheng'he Extensional Belt (Paleogene half-grabens, recent reactivationd) and CircumSouthwest Subbasin Belt (Neogene draped on subsided fault blocks related to Late Oligocene-M Miocene seafloor spreading). Nansha Microcontinent Block is collision complex assembled in Late Mesozoic) Yan, P., Y. Wang & H. Liu (2008)- Post-spreading transpressive faults in the South China Sea Basin. Tectonophysics 450, p. 70-78. (S China Sea formed by Late Oligocene- M Miocene seafloor spreading. After cessation of spreading, compression due to NW-moving Taiwan-Luzon Arc causing strike-slip motion on E and W margins and basinwide transpressive fault zones, and young volcanism) Yan, P., D. Zhou & Z. Liu (2001)- A crustal structure profile across the northern margin of the South China Sea Basin. Tectonophysics 338, p. 1-21. Yan, Q., X. Shi & N. Li (2011)- Oxygen and lead isotope characteristics of granitic rocks from the Nansha block (South China Sea): Implications for their petrogenesis and tectonic affinity. Island Arc 20, 2, p. 150-159. (Isotope ratios of granitic samples dredged from Nansha microblock in South China Sea tied to Mesozoic subduction zone in SE side of microblock, tectonically affiliated with Nanling-Hainan or South China block) Yan, Q., X. Shi, J. Liu, K. Wang & W. Bu (2010)- Petrology and geochemistry of Mesozoic granitic rocks from the Nansha micro-block, South China Sea: constraints on the basement naure. J. Asian Earth Sci. 37, p. 130139. (Nansha block one of several micro-blocks dispersed in South China Sea (Xisha-Zhongsha, Reed-Northeastern Palawan block, etc.). Ages for granitic dredge samples of Nansha micro-block 159-127 Ma, comparable to Late Jurassic-E Cretaceous magmatic activity occurred in N margin. Tonalitic and monzogranitic rock groups, related to calc-alkaline Pacific Plate subduction that existed across Taiwan, Palawan to S Vietnam) Zampetti, V., U. Sattler & H. Braaksma (2005)- Well log and seismic character of Liuhua 11-1 Field, South China Sea; relationship between diagenesis and seismic reflections. Sedimentary Geol. 175, p. 217-236. (Seismic reflections in Miocene carbonate buildup of Liuhua 11-1 Field (220 km SE of Hongkong) image alternatios of tight and porous zones. Most porosity related leaching in deep burial realm that postdates pressure solution. This implies that seismic reflections do not necessarily image depositional surfaces, although diagenetically induced porosity often follows primary depositional bedding) Zeng, W., Z. Li, G. Wang & H. Huang (1996)- Global geoscience transect, Guangzhou- Palawan. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 421-442. (Integrated geological-geophysical interpretation of NW-SE transect across South China Sea) Zhang, Y. (1995)- The characteristics of the magnetic anomaly and magnetosphere structure in the Nansha ilands and surrounding areas. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 479-485. Zhou, D., H. Chen, S. Wu & H.S. Yu (2002)- Opening of the South China Sea by dextral splitting of the East Asian continental margin. Acta Geol. Sinica 76, 2, p.180-190. Zhou, D., K. Ru & H.Z. Chen (1995)- Kinematics of Cenozoic extension on the South China Sea continental margin and its implications for the tectonic evolution of the region. Tectonophysics 251, p. 161-177. (N South China Sea large Cenozoic sedimentary basins developed, characterized by episodic rifting, clockwise rotation of rifts, E-ward aging breakup unconformity and intensifying crustal extension to E. Maximum rifting N of maximum thermal subsidence, which was in turn N of seafloor opening. Nansha microcontinent S of S China Sea Basin was dominated by compressional deformation. Asymmetric development of extensional structures around S China Sea Basin may be explained by Wernicke simple-shear model. Tectonic development


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of S China Sea was consequence of interactions of three major plates: retreat of W Pacific subduction zone in the Late Cretaceous, hard collision and impinging of India to Tibet since Late Eocene, and fast N-ward subduction of Indian Ocean-Australian plate since late Early Miocene) Zhou, D., Z. Sun, H.Z. Chen, H.H. Xu, W.Y. Wang et al. (2008)- Mesozoic paleogeography and tectonic evolution of South China Sea and adjacent areas in the context of Tethyan and Paleo-Pacific interconnections. The Island Arc 17, 2, p. 186-207. (Lithofacies maps of six Mesozoic time slices of S China Sea and SE Eurasian continent margin. In E Triassic, Paleotethys Ocean extended E to study area through Song Da passage. Then significant E-W differential evolution began. Late Triassic uplift of W area after collision between Indosinian and S China blocks. Transgression of Paleo-Pacific waters in E and SE formed `E Guangdong-NW Borneo Sea'. E Jurassic marine transgression more pronounced, resulting in connection with Mesotethys Ocean to W. In M Jurassic, shortlived transgression in E Mesotethys with formation of `Yunnan-Burma Sea'. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous climax of subduction of Mesotethys and Paleo-Pacific towards Eurasian continent, leading to formation of `Circum SE Asia Subduction-Accretion Zone' in M or Late Cretaceous. Evidence for newly recognized segment of this Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone under Cenozoic sediments in NE S China Sea) Zhou Di, W. Wang, J. Wang, X. Pang, D. Cai & Z. Sun (2006)- Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone in northeastern South China Sea inferred from geophysical interpretations. J. Science in China Series, D, Earth Sciences 49, 5, p. 471-482. (Segment of Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone inferred from gravity- magnetics across NE S China Sea at ~ NE45° orientation. This fills gap of Great Late Mesozoic Circum SE Asia subduction-accretion Zone, which extended from Sumatra, Java, SE Kalimantan to N Palawan, and from Taiwan, Ryukyu to SW Japan) Zhou Di & B. Yao (2009)- Tectonics and sedimentary basins of the South China Sea: challenges and progresses. J. Earth Science, China Univ. Geosciences, 20, 1, p. 1-12. (Introduction to special volume Tectonics and sedimentary basins of the South China Sea, with 19 papers) Zhu, M., S. Graham & T. MacHargue (2009)- The Red River Fault zone in the Yinggehai Basin, South China sea. Tectonophysics 476, p. 397-417.


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IX.5. Philippines (General, Palawan, Luzon) (A limited selection of literature on Philippines geology) Acharya H.K. & Y.P. Aggarwal (1980)- Seismicity and tectonics of the Philippine Islands. J. Geophys. Res. 85, B6, p. 3239-3250. (Seismic and volcanic activity used to decipher tectonics of Philippines region. Active E-ward subduction of Eurasian plate along Manila trench near Luzon. Underthrusting of Eurasian plate may have occurred along all of W Philippines from Taiwan to Sulawesi. Subduction has ceased along sections where continental crust is present. Near E Philippines W-ward subduction of Philippine Sea plate) Almasco, J.N., K. Rodolfo, M. Fuller & G. Frost (2000)- Paleomagnetism of Palawan, Philippines. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, 3, p. 369-389. (Paleomagnetic studies on Palawan and Busuanga. Cretaceous Espina Basalts of Calatuigas Ophiolite in S Palawan Block N-ward and rotated CCW by 66°±+13°, suggesting obduction from S. Jurassic cherts and Cretaceous Guinlo Fm from Busuanga in N Palawan Block paleolatitude comparable to regions of pervasive Cretaceous remagnetization in S China borderland and may reflect similar remagnetization, consistent with North Palawan Block's proposed South China origin) Amiscaray, E.A. & F.P. Tumanda (1990)- Paleozoic and Mesozoic limestone of Calamian Island Group; its role in the tectonic development of the North Palawan Complex, Philippines. In: Pre Jurassic evolution of Eastern Asia, IGCP Project Report 224, 5, p. 81-95. Amiscaray, E.A. & M.A. Zepeda (1990)- Southwestern Mindoro, part of the pre Tertiary North Palawan Complex (Philippines) and the role of the Jurassic Mansalay Formation on its evolution. In: Pre Jurassic evolution of Eastern Asia, IGCP Project Report 224, 5, p. 97-109. Andal, D.R., J.S. Esguerra, W. Hashimoto, B.P. Reyes & T. Sato (1968)- The Jurassic Mansalay Formation, Southern Mindoro, Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 4, p. 179-197. Arcilla, C.A., H.B. Ruelo & J. Umbal (1989)- The Angat ophiolite, Luzon, Philippines: lithology, structure, and problems in age interpretation. Tectonophysics 168, p. 127-135. Arfai, J., D. Franke, C. Gaedicke, R. Lutz, M. Schnabel,S. Ladage, K. Berglar, M. Aurelio, J. Montano & N. Pellejera (2011)- Geological evolution of the West Luzon Basin (South China Sea, Philippines). Marine Geoph. Res. 32, 3, p.349-362. (Seismic of W Luzon Basin, located between island of Luzon and outer arc high of W Luzon subduction zone. Basement, at~ 6 s TWT, dissected by normal faults, some inverted later. Five regional unconformities. Basin may be (partly) underlain by continental crust, affected by rifting during opening of South China Sea) Aurelio, M.A. (1992)- Tectonics of the central segment of the Philippine Fault: structures, kinematics and geodynamic evolution. These Doct. Univ. Paris 6, Paris, 500 p. Aurelio, M.A. (2000)- Tectonics of the Philippines revisited. J. Geol. Soc. Philippines 55, p. 119-183. Aurelio, M.A. (2000)- Shear partitioning in the Philippines: constraints from Philippine Fault and global positioning system data. Island Arc 9, 4, p. 584-597. Aurelio M.A., E. Barrier, C. Rangin & C. Muller (1991)- The Philippine Fault in the late Cenozoic evolution of the Bondoc- Masbate- N. Leyte area, Central Philippines. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci., 6, p. 221-238. Aurelio, M.A., C. Rangin, E. Barrier & C. Muller (1990)- Tectonique du segment central de la faille Philippine. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 310 (II), p. 403-410.


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Austria, B.S. & R.A. Reyes (1992)- Possibilities of W. Batangas Basin in Philippines South China Sea. and Gas J. 90, 23, p.74-80.

Oil

Bachman, S.B., S.D. Lewis & W.J. Schweller (1983)- Evolution of a forearc basin, Central Luzon Valley, Philippines. AAPG Bull. 67, 7, p. 1143-1162. Balce, G.R., R.Y. Encina, A. Momongan & E. Lara (1980)- Geology of the Baguio District and its implications on the tectonic development of the Luzon Central Cordillera. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 21, p. 265-287. Balce, G.R. & A.S. Zanoria (1982)- Geology and tectonics of the Luzon-Marianas region. Philippine SEATAR Committee Spec. Publ. 1, p. 1-243 Barrier E., M. Aurelio, C. Muller, M., Pubellier et al. (1990)- La faille philippine; un exemple de grand décrochement actif à l'arrière d'une zone de subduction. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 311 (II), p. 181-188. ('The Philippine Fault: an example of large active displacement behind a subduction zone') Barrier E., P. Huchon & M. Aurelio (1991)- The Philippine fault: a key for Philippines kinematics. Geology 19, p. 32-35. Bautista, B.C., M.L. Bautista, K. Oike, F.T. Wu & R.S. Punongbayan (2001)- A new insight on the geometry of subducting slabs in northern Luzon, Philippines. Tectonophysics 339, p. 279-310. (Earthquake focal mechanisms used to model geometry of Eurasian plate subducted slab beneath N Manila Trench. Model suggests collision and partial subduction of buoyant plateau at around 20°N to explain sharp bend in trench line and shallow dip of subducted slab. Tear in slab evidenced by gap in strain energy release and change in dip. Gap in seismicity may be used to infer trajectory and location of subducted extinct but still hot mid-oceanic ridge. High heatflow along extinct MOR. Subducted part of MOR may serve as weakest zone where tear could be localized) Beddoes, L.R. (1976)- The Balabac sub-basin, southwestern Sulu Sea, Philippines. Proc. SEAPEX Conf. 1976, 22p. Bellon, H. & G.P. Yumul (2001)- Miocene to Quaternary adakites and related rocks in Western Philippine arc sequences. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., IIa, 333, 6, p. 343-350. (Numerous Miocene- Quaternary adakites among calc-alkaline magmatism of W Philippines. Associated with three geodynamic settings: subduction, rifting and collision (Palawan indentation). Slab, lower crust and sediment melting, coupled with assimilation-fractional crystallization, and mantle metasomatism by magmatic liquids responsible for generation of these rocks) Bird, P.R., N.A. Quinton, M.N. Beeston & C.S. Bristow (1992)- Mindoro Island, a rifted microcontinent in collision with the Philippines volcanic arc: basin evolution and hydrocarbon potential. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015 (Abstract only) (Mindoro Island is E-most part of Palawan-Mindoro microcontinent that rifted from S China margin in Early Oligocene. Sea floor spreading carried Mindoro S until Late Miocene collision with Philippines Arc began. Structural history 4 phases: (1) syn-rift, E Eocene- M Oligocene; (2) drift, Late Oligocene- M Miocene; (3) collision, M-L Miocene; (4) transpression, latest Miocene- Present) Bird, P.R., N.A. Quinton, M.N. Beeston & C.S. Bristow (1993)- Mindoro: a rifted micro continent in collision with the Philippines volcanic arc; basin evolution and hydrocarbon potential. In: Proc. GEOSEA VII Symposium, Bangkok 1991, J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 449-468. Biswas, B. (1986)- Frontier seismic geologic techniques and the exploration of the Miocene reefs in offshore Palawan, Philippines. J. SE Asia Earth Sci. 1, 4, p. 191-204.


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Bloomer S.H. & R.L. Fisher (1988)- Arc volcanic rocks characterize the landward slope of the Philippine Trench off northeastern Mindanao. J. Geophys. Res., 93, B10, p. 11,961-11,973. Bosum, W., J.C. Fernandez, E.G. Kind & C.F. Theodoro (1972)- Aeromagnetic survey of the Palawan- Sulu offshore area of the Philippines. United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 6, p. 141- 160. Branson, D.M., P.J. Newman, M. Scherer, P.J. Stalder & R.G. Villafuerte (1997)- Hydrocarbon habitat of the NW Palawan Basin, Philippines. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Petrol. Systems of SE Asia and Australasia Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta 1997, p. 815-828. (With exception of Malampaya/Camago (3.4 Tcf gas) exploration results in deeper water away from Nido Shelf have been disappointing and resulted in few potentially economic discoveries) Bristow, C.S. & P.R. Bird (1994)- Sedimentology of the Semirara Formation in Semirara Island: implications for the Miocene sedimentation and tectonics of South Philippines. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symp. Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 21-32. Brownlee, D.N. & M.W. Longman (1981)- Depositional history of a Lower Miocene pinnacle reef, Nido B oilfield, the Philippines. Proc. 4th Int. Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, 1, p. 619-625. Bureau of Energy Development (1986)- Sedimentary basins of the Philippines: their geology and hydrocarbon potential. 12 vols. Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (1982)- Geology and mineral resources of the Philippines. 1, Geology, Manila, 406p. Bureau of Mines Philippines (1986)- Geology and mineral resources of the Philippines, 2, Mineral resources. Bureau of Mines and Geo-sciences, Manila p. . Caagusan, N.L. (1977)- Source material, compaction history and hydrocarbon occurrence in the Cagayan Valley Basin, Luzon, Philippines. Proc. Offshore SE Asia Conf. OFFSEA 77, SE Asia Petrol. Explor. Soc., Singapore, 20p. Caagusan, N.L. (1990)- Eocene Oligocene sandstone in buried hill play, Mindoro Basin, The Philippines. In: CCOP/WRGA Play modelling exercise 1989-1990, CCOP Techn. Publ. 23, p. 87-96. (Description and hydrocarbon assessment of conceptual play in U Eocene- Lower Oligocene sandstones draped draped over Eocene tilted fault blocks on S and E Mindoro island, W Philippines) Cardwell, R.K., B.L. Isacks & D.E. Karig (1980)- The spatial distribution of earthquakes, focal mechanism solutions and subducted lithosphere in the Philippine and Northeastern Indonesian islands. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands- I. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 23, p. 1-35. Carozzi, A.V. (1995)- Depositional models and reservoir properties of Miocene reefs, Visayan Islands, Philippines. J. Petrol. Geol. 18, 1 , p. 29-48. Carozzi, A.V., M.V. Reyes & V.P. Ocampo (1976)- Microfacies and microfossils of the Miocene reef carbonates of the Philippines. Philippines Oil Dev. Co., Manila, Spec. Publ. 1, 80 p. Cheng, Y. (1989)- Upper Palaeozoic and Lower Mesozoic radiolarian assemblages from the Busuanga Islands, North Palawan Block, Philippines. Bull. Nat. Museum Nat. Science, Taiwan, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 129-175. Christian, L.B. (1964)- Post-Oligocene tectonic history of the Cagayan Basin, Philippines. The Philippine Geologist 18, 4, p. 114-147.


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Corby, G.W. et al. (1951)- Geology and oil possibilities of the Philippines. Philippine Bureau of Mines, Techn. Bull. 21, Manila, 363 p. Cosico, R., F. Gramann & H. Porth (1989)- Larger foraminifera from the Visaya Basin and adjacent areas of the Philippines (Eocene through Miocene). In: H. Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines, Geol. Jahrbuch, B70, p. 147-205. D’Antonio, M., I Savov, P. Spadea, R. Hickey-Vargas & J. Lockwood (2006)- Petrogenesis of Eocene oceanic basalts from the West Philippine Basin and Oligocene arc volcanics from the Palau-Kyushu Ridge drilled at 20°N, 135°E (Western Pacific Ocean). Ofioliti 31, 2, p. 157-171. (W Philippine Basin back-arc basin opened within Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) between current position of PalauKyushu Ridge (PKR) and margin of E Asia. Spreading at Central Basin Fault from 54-30 Ma. PKR active since ~ 48-35 Ma constituting single volcanic arc with Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Arc. At ~42 Ma spreading direction changed from NE-SW to N-S, stopping at ~ 30 Ma. Late phase of spreading and volcanism between 30- 26 Ma (M Oligocene). ODP Leg 195 Site 1201 is in WPB, ~100 km W of PKR, on 49 Ma crust. From ~ 35 to 30 Ma, pelagic sedimentation at Site 1201 was followed by turbidite sedimentation, fed mostly by arc-derived volcanics. PKR volcanics are porphyritic basalts and andesites. New isotope data point to Indian Ocean MORB-like character of Site 1201 basement basalts, suggesting WPB volcanism tapped upper mantle domain distinct from Pacific Plate) David,P.P. (1980)- Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of well Lagao No. 1, Sultan Sa Barongis, North Cotabato, Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of S.E. Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 21 , p. 111-118. David, P.P. & H. Fontaine (1987)- Eocene limestone offshore Northeast Palawan Island, Philippines. Proc. 22nd Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Guangzhou 1985, 2, p. 341345. (Small islands off NE Palawan mainly composed of radiolarite and limestone with some ultrabasic rocks. Pabellion and Apulit small islands with steeply dipping E-M Eocene grey-black limestone with common Distichoplax biserialis algae, Nummulites, Discocyclina and Asterocyclina. Pellatispira, reported by Grey (1954), was not found again) David, P.P. & H. Fontaine (1989)- Eocene limestone offshore Northeast Palawan Island, Philippines. Proc. 24th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok 1987, 2, p. 130-134. (Same paper as above) David, S., J.F. Stephan, J. Delteil, C. Muller, J. Butterlin, H. Bellon & E. Billedo (1997)- Geology and tectonic history of Southeastern Luzon, Philippines. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, 4-5, p. 435-452. (SE Luzon in E Philippine Mobile Belt. Three units limited by two NW-SE trending strike-slip faults. N-C unit is M- early Late Cretaceous volcanic arc unconformably overlain by M-L Eocene volcanic arc, followed by E Oligocene intrusives. Median Unit underlain by Late Cretaceous volcanic arc. W unit is pre-Late Cretaceous ophiolitic suite unconformably overlain by Late Cretaceous volcanic arc sequence and M Eocene limestones. Units overlain by Late Oligocene- Pliocene carbonate and clastic sequence) De Boer, J., L.A. Odom, P.C. Ragland, F.G. Snider et al. (1980)- The Bataan orogene: eastward subduction, tectonic rotations and volcanism in the Western pacific (Philippines). Tectonophysics 67, p. 251-282. (Philippine mobile belt crustal fragment between two subduction systems of opposite polarity. Eastern (Philippine-Quezon) system probably originated in Eocene during NW-SW spreading of W Philippine basin. Western (Manila-Bataan) system originated in Oligocene by spreading of S China Sea basin. Arcs migrated E from Miocene-Present, changing composition from tholeiitic via calc-alkaline to shoshonitic. C Luzon rotating counterclockwise due to differential spreading in S China Sea basin) Defant M.J., J. De Boer & D. Oles (1988)- The western Central Luzon arc, two arcs divided by rifting ? Tectonophysics 145, p. 305-317.


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(W Central Luzon arc complex zone of volcanism. Volcanoes of N (Bataan) segment of arc along two semiparallel lineaments. N segment cut off from S extension of arc by NE-SW “cross arc” zone of volcanism, the Macolod Corridor. Volcanoes of S (Mindoro) segment of arc along two parallel lineaments) Defant M., R.C. Maury, J.L. Joron, M.D. Feigenson, J. Leterrier et al. (1989)- The geochemistry and tectonic setting of the northern section of the Luzon arc (Philippines and Taiwan). Tectonophysics 183, p. 187-205. (Luzon Arc Miocene (10 Ma)- Recent volcanism associated with eastward subduction along Manila Trench for 1,200 km from Taiwan south to Mindoro. Volcanism clearly subduction-related with calc-alkaline affinities. Earliest phase of volcanism tholeiitic, mid-oceanic-ridge basalt-like) Defant M., R.C. Maury, E.M. Ripley, M.D. Feigenson & D. Jacques (1991)- An example of island-arc petrogenesis: geochemistry and petrology of the Southern Luzon Arc, Philippines. J. Petrol. 32, 3. p. 455-500. (Luzon arc volcanism associated with E-ward subduction of S China Sea floor along Manila Trench. Volcanic rocks typical arc phenocryst mineralogies: olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and titanomagnetite in mafic rocks and clinopyroxene, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, titanomagnetite, amphibole in more felsic samples. Rocks range from basalts to rhyolites and show typical calc-alkaline features. Continental crustal material seems to play significant role, particularly in Macolod Corridor and Mindoro segment) Deschamps, A. & S. Lallemand (2002)- The West Philippine Basin: an Eocene to Early Oligocene back arc basin opened between two opposed subduction zones. J. Geophys. Res. 107, B12, p. 1-24. (W Philippine Basin back arc basin developed between two opposed subduction zones. Rifting started at 55 Ma, spreading ended at 33/30 Ma. Initial spreading axis parallel to paleo-Philippine Arc, new spreading ridge propagated from E part of basin. Spreading mainly from second axis with CCW rotation of spreading direction. Gagua and Palau-Kyushu ridges transform margins accommodating opening. Arc volcanism along PalauKyushu Ridge (E margin) during opening, paleo-Philippine Arc decreased activity between 43-36 Ma. W margin compressive event in Late Eocene- E Oligocene. In W of basin, spreading system disorganized due to presence of mantle plume. After end of spreading, amagmatic extension between 30-26 Ma in central basin) Deschamps, A., S. Lallemand & S. Dominguez (1999)- The last spreading episode of the West Philippine Basin revisited. Geoph. Res. Lett. 26, 14, p. 2073-2076. (Bathymetric data and backscatter imagery reveal fine structures of fossil spreading axis, from which we infer episodes of oblique deformation and diminished magmatic supply resulting from cessation of spreading. NESW seafloor fabric NE of Benham volcanic plateau, oblique to more common E-W and NW-SE fabrics known in WPB. Cross-cut during final, amagmatic, extensional phase to produce a N130° -trending deep rift valley) Deschamps, A., P. Moni, S. Lallemand, K. Hsu & K.Y. Yeh (2000)- Evidence for Early Cretaceous oceanic crust trapped in the Philippine Sea Plate. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 179, p. 503-516. (New Early Cretaceous Ar/Ar ages of gabbros dredged on oceanic basement highs of Huatung Basin. Old ages consistent with Early Cretaceous ages of Lanyu Island (Luzon Arc) radiolarian assemblages. Best fit of magnetic anomalies is opening of Huatung Basin in Early Cretaceous (131- 119 Ma). Basin may be fragment of former 'proto-South China Sea' or possibly 'New Guinea Basin' trapped by Philippine Sea Plate) Deschamps, A., R Shinjo, T. Matsumoto, C.S. Lee, S.E. Lallemand, S. Wu et al. (2008)- Propagators and ridge jumps in a back-arc basin, the West Philippine Basin. Terra Nova 20, 4, p. 327-332. (New bathymetric data fromn western W Philippine Basin from suggests 5 sequences of propagating rifts, probably triggered by mantle flow away from thermal anomaly responsible for origin of Benham and Urdenata plateaus. NE of Benham plateau, a left-lateral fracture zone turned into NE–SW-trending spreading axis) Dimalanta, C.B., E.G.L. Ramos, G.P. Yumul & H. Bellon (2009)- New features from the Romblon Island Group: key to understanding the arc-continent collision in Central Philippines. Tectonophysics 479, p. 120-129. Dimalanta, C.B., L.O. Suerte, G.P. Yumul, R.A. Tamayo & E.G.L. Ramos (2006)- A Cretaceous suprasubduction oceanic basin source for Central Philippine ophiolitic basement complexes: geological and geophysical constraints. Geosciences J. 10, 3, p. 305-320.


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(C Philippines several Cretaceous oceanic ophiolite complexes. Antique Ophiolite along W side associated with blueschists, suggesting tectonic erosion accompanied subduction during emplacement. Ophiolites younger to present-day E, indicating convergence accentuated by trench jumping. Oceanic lithosphere fragments in C Philippines probably derived from single Cretaceous ocean basin) Dimalanta, C. & G. Yumul (2003)- Magmatic and amagmatic contributions to crustal growth of an island-arc system. The Philippine example. Int. Geol. Rev. 45, 10, p. 922-935. (Numerous volcanoes and ophiolite/ophiolitic complexes attests to significant role of arc magmatism and oceanic lithosphere emplacement to crustal growth in Philippines. Arc magmatism contributed more to crustal growth in Philippines than ophiolite emplacement) Dimalanta, C.B. & G.P. Yumul (2006)- Magmatic and amagmatic contributions to crustal growth in the Philippine island arc system: comparison of the Cretaceous and post-Cretaceous periods. Geosciences J. 10, 3, p. 321-329. Dimalanta, C. & G. Yumul (2008)- Crustal thickness and adakite occurrence in the Philippines: is there a relationship? Island Arc 17, 4, p. 421-431. (Adakites in variety of tectonic settings: partial melting of subducted young, hot oceanic slabs, oblique subduction, low-angle or flat subduction, or even slab-tearing) Divis, A.F. (1983)- The geology and geochemistry of Philippine porphyry copper deposits. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands- II. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 173-216. (Three-four major episodes of porphyry intrusion in Philippines; good correlation with periods of rapid plate convergence) Domingo, R.M.A. (1989)- Facies and diagenetic aspects of a Miocene carbonate sequence, Santan A - 1XA Well, Visayas, Philippines. In: H. Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines, Geol. Jahrbuch 70, p. 277-302. Durkee, E.F. (1992)- Oil, geology, and changing concepts in the SW Philippines (Palawan and the Sulu Sea). In: Proc. OFFSEA 92, 9th SEAPEX Offshore Southeast Asia Conf., Singapore 1992, p. 75-96 (Good overview of Philippines basins and discoveries) Durkee, E.F. & S.L. Pederson (1961)- Geology of northern Luzon, Philippines. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 45, p. 137-168. Easton W.H. & Melendres (1963)- First Paleozoic fossil from the Philippine archipelago. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 47, 11, p. 1871-1873. Encarnacion J. (2004)- Multiple ophiolite generation preserved in the northern Philippines and the growth of an island arc complex. Tectonophysics 392, p.103-130. (Oceanic arcs grow through addition of subduction-generated magmas, but in N Philippines also major contribution from repeated oceanic crust generation with subsequent preservation of basic–ultrabasic units in arc complex. At least five episodes of oceanic crust generation represented in N Philippines by ophiolitic sequences and recent intra-arc seafloor spreading. Ages pre(?)-Jurassic- Quaternary. Most-and possibly allophiolites generated as back-arc, fore-arc, or intra-arc crust within Philippine arc complex) Encarnacion J., E.J. Essene, S.B. Mukasa & C.H. Hall (1995)- High-pressure and -temperature subophiolitic kyanite-garnet amphibolites generated during initiation of Mid-Tertiary subduction, Palawan, Philippines. J. Petrology 36, 6, p. 1481-1503. (Metamorphic rocks near base of pre-M Eocene ophiolite in C Palawan preserve record of conditions under which ophiolite was detached and emplaced onto rifted SE margin of China. Radiometric ages all around 34


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Ma (~Eo-Oligocene boundary). P-T conditions and regional geology suggest metamorphism at depth >30km in subduction zone. Rapid cooling and exhumation after peak metamorphic conditions in earliest Oligocene) Encarnacion, J.P. & S.B. Mukasa (1997)- Age and geochemistry of an ‘anorogenic’ crustal melt and implications for I-type granite petrogenesis. Lithos 42, p. 1-13. (M Miocene Capoas I-type biotite granite intrusion in Permian-Jurassic sedimentary rocks of N Palawan Continental Terrane, a fragment of Mesozoic Andean-type margin of SE China that was separated from mainland during Late Oligocene- E Miocene opening of S China Sea. Composed mainly of older continental crust; probably calc-alkaline source rocks of Mesozoic Andean-type margin of S China that underwent partial melting in late M Miocene time in an ‘anorogenic’ setting) Encarnacion, J.P., S.B. Mukasa & E.J. Obille (1993)- Zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Zambales and Angat ophiolites, Luzon, Philippines: evidence for an Eocene arc-back arc pair. J. Geoph. Res. 98, p. 19991-20004. (Two basement terranes exposed on Luzon, Zambales ophiolite in W and Angat ophiolite in E, are, separated by 10 km thick and 100 km wide sedimentary basin. Zircon ages from Zambales ophiolite ~44- 45 Ma, M Eocene, in agreement with minimum Late Eocene age of overlying Aksitero Fm. Zircons from Angat 48 Ma, younger than Late Cretaceous age based on radiolarian fauna from melange sequence SSE of main ophiolite. Small age difference between Zambales and Angat ophiolites suggests common origin. Zambales-Angat ophiolite represents preserved Eocene back-arc basin, formed behind Eocene arc, within Cretaceous oceanic basement, therefore not allochthonous terranes) Faure, M. & K. Ishida (1990)- The Mid-Upper Jurassic olistostrome of the West Philippines: a distinctive keymarker for the North Palawan block. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 1, p. 61-67. (N Palawan island mainly chaotic mix of turbidites, slumps, pebbly mudstone, sandstone and olistostrome, with exotic blocks of Permian- Triassic chert and limestone, M-U Jurassic limestone, acidic lava and volcanoclastic rocks. Callovian- Lower Kimmeridgian radiolarians in mudstone matrix. Olistostrome with exotic blocks overlain by Late Cretaceous-Eocene turbidites. Similar olistostrome at Calamian, Mindoro, Panay and Carabao islands) Faure M., Y. Marchadier & C. Rangin (1989)- Pre-Eocene synmetamorphic structure in the Mindoro-RomblonPalawan area, West Philippines, and implications for the history of Southeast Asia. Tectonics 8, 5, p. 963-979. Florendo, F.F. (1994)- Tertiary arc rifting in northern Luzon, Philippines. Tectonics 13, 3, p. 623-640. (N Luzon Terrane one of largest arc terranes in Philippines. Late Eocene island arc system formed above subducting W Philippine plate. Bifurcating Lt Eocene- Lt Oligocene magmatic arcs separated by Cagayan basin, formed by Late Oligocene- E Miocene intra-arc rifting, with oceanic crust formed at SW end. Arc rifting may be manifestation of extensional tectonism that affected most of SE Asia in Late Oligocene- E Miocene, during which S China and SE Sulu basins formed. Subsequent to arc rifting, subduction of S China plate along Manila Trench, starting at ~15 Ma) Fontaine, H., L. Beauvais, C. Poumont & D. Vachard (1979)- Donnees nouvelles sur le Mesozoique de 1'Ouest des Philippines. Decouverte de Rhetien marin. Compt. Rend. Somm. Soc. Geol. France 1979, 3, p. 117-121. (Discoveries of Middle Jurassic limestone with corals (simple forms, Montlivaltiidae) on SE Mindoro. On Calamian islands, W Philippines: Busuanga with thick Upper Triassic siliceous clastics with radiolaria, on Malajon reefal limestone with massive corals (incl. Thaumatoporella) and Rhaetian foraminifera like Involutina, Triasina cf. hantkeni, etc.)) Fontaine, H., N.D. Tien & D. Vachard (1986)- Discovery of Permian limestone south of Tara Island in the Calamian Islands, Philippines. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) The Permian of Southeast Asia, CCOP Tech. Bull. 18, p. 161-167. (Permian limestones in NE part of Calamian islands. Malemeglemeg and Botulan Islands Late MurgabianMidian age wackestone with forams-algae, incl. Tubiphytes and fusulinids. Getche island oolitic grainstone may be Permian or Triassic)


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Fontaine H. & D.R. Workman (1979)- Note on the geology of the Calamian Islands, North Palawan, Philippines. United Nat., ECAFE, CCOP Newsl. 6, 2, p. 40-47. (Presence of Rhaetian- Lower Jurassic limestones, unconformably over radiolarian cherts?) Forbes, M.T., C.B. Mapaye & J.A. Bacud (2011)- Structural characterization of offshore Southwest Palawan, Philippines using the most recent 2D/3D seismic data. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 16, 25p. (Presentation package) (Improved seismic imaging allows identification of 4 major structures, Eocene half-graben with thick synrift deposits, varying deformational styles in fold-thrust belt, duplication of Oligo-Miocene Nido Lst reservoir, etc.) Foronda, J. (1995)- Depositional systems and coal cyclothems in the Upper Malubog Formation (Lower Miocene), Cebu, Central Philippines. In: C.A.Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence stratigraphy in Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 465-476. Foronda, J.M. (2007)- New potential plays in the syn-rift sequences in Offshore Palawan. Presentation SEAPEX Conf., Singapore 2007, p. + Abstract, 2p. (Paleogene ‘Syn-Rift’ sequences off NW Palawan mainly marine deposits. M Oligocene unconformity in S China Sea Basin separates Syn-Rift from widespread Nido Lst platform carbonates. Exploration targets Nido Lst buildups and fractured platform carbonates and overlying Pagasa Fm turbidites. Outboard highs where most wells have been drilled, syn-rift low net/gross, giving perceived lack of reservoir sands. Potential lowstand plays basin floor fans, leveed channels and incised valley fills. Basin floor fan may reach several km along dip. Leveed channel complex irregular and discontinuous reflections with occasional channels almost 1 km wide. Incised valley fills typically >2½ km wide. Exploration risks for syn-rift plays include lack of local condensed section above basin floor fans to serve as seal and drilling sand-poor fill in leveed channels and incised valleys) Fournier, F. (2004)- Evolution de l'edifice carbonate du champ de gaz de Malampaya, Tertiaire, offshore Palawan, Philippines. Implications pout la caracteristion du reservoir Thesis University of Provence, p. 1-208. (Study of Tertiary carbonate buildup od Malampaya gas field, offshore Palawan. ) Fournier, F. & J. Borgomano (2007)- Geological significance of seismic reflections and imaging of the reservoir architecture in the Malampaya gas field (Philippines). AAPG Bull. 91, 2, p. 235-258. (North Palawan 1989 Malampaya oil-gas discovery in U Eocene- Lower Miocene carbonate buildup. Porosity distribution mainly controlled by meteoric diagenesis) Fournier, F., J. Borgomano & L.F. Montaggioni (2005)- Development patterns and controlling factors of Tertiary carbonate buildups: insights from high-resolution 3D seismic and well data in the Malampaya gas field (Offshore Palawan, Philippines). Sedim. Geol. 175, p.189-215. (Malampaya buildup off NW Palawan internal carbonate platform architecture. Carbonate system initiated in Late Eocene (Pellatispira) as attached shelf influenced by clastic input. Late Eocene- E Oligocene syndepositional extensional tectonics (E tilting and block faulting) favoured development of small buildups on highs. After E-ward reef progradation, aggrading shelf developed in Late Oligocene- E Miocene. Demise of buildup in late E Miocene from increase in subsidence and/or nutrient input. Eustacy, oceanographic conditions and type of carbonate producers played subordinate role in buildup development and demise) Fournier, F., L. Montaggioni & J. Borgomano (2004) Paleoenvironments and high-frequency cyclicity from Cenozoic south-east Asian shallow-water carbonates: a case study from the Oligo-Miocene buildups on Malampaya (offshore Palawan, Philippines). Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, p. 1-21. (Malampaya- Camago oil-gas field in Nido carbonate buildup of Late Oligocene- E Miocene age. Microfacies assemblages described. High-frequency cyclicity recognized of 3-10m thick shallowing-upward cycles, often capped by paleosol, probably reflecting Milankovic scale sea level fluctuations. ) Francisco, F.U. (1966)- A review and assessment of oil exploration in the Philippines, 1. Petrol. Division, Philippine Bureau of Mines, 193p.


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Francisco, F.U. (1975)- A review of oil exploration and stratigraphy of sedimentary basins of the Philippines, 2. Petrol. Division, Philippine Bureau of Mines, 95p. Fuller, M., R. McCabe, I.S. Williams, J. Almasco. R.Y. Encina et al. (1983)- Paleomagnetism of Luzon. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands- II. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 79-94. Gabo, J.A.S. C.B. Dimalanta, M.G.S. Asio, K.L. Queano, G.P. Yumul & A. Imai (2009)- Geology and geochemistry of the clastic sequences from Northwestern Panay (Philippines): implications for provenance and geotectonic setting. Tectonophysics 479, p. 111-119. Gallagher, J.J. (1984)- Philippine Islands: a tectonic railroad siding. In: Future petroleum provinces of the world. AAPG Mem. 40, p. 515-527. (Philippine islands mix of continental and oceanic crust fragments. Carbonate and clastic sediments of main terranes currently deforming by strike-slip, subduction and extension. Complex tectonic history potentially limits size of hydrocarbon accumulations) Gallagher, J.J. (1987)- Philippine microplate tectonics and hydrocarbon exploration. In: M.K. Horn (ed.) Trans. 4th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conference, Singapore 1986, p. 103-119. Geary, E.E., T.M. Harrison & M. Heizler (1988)- Diverse ages and origins of basement complexes, Luzon, Philippines. Geology 16. 4, p. 341-344. (40Ar/39Ar ages from two basement complexes in SE Luzon document first occurrences of pre-Late Cretaceous age rocks in E Philippines: Late Jurassic (Caramoan complex) to E Cretaceous and E Miocene (Camarines Norte- Calaguas Islands complex). Philippine Archipelago amalgamation of allochthonous Mesozoic and Cenozoic island-arc, ocean-basin, and continental fragments assembled during Tertiary) Gervasio, F.C. (1966)- A study of the tectonics of the Philippine Archipelago. Philippine Geol. 20, 2, p. 51-75. Gervasio, F.C. (1967)- The age and nature of orogenesis of the Philippines. Tectonophysics 4, p. 379-402. Gervasio, F.C. (1968)- Age and nature of orogenesis of the Philippines. United Nations ECAFE CCOP Techn. Bull. 1, p. 113-128. Gervasio, F.C. (1973)- Geotectonic development of the Philippines. In: P.J. Coleman (ed.) The Western Pacific: island arcs, marginal seas, geochemistry, Western Australia Univ. Press, p. 307-324. Grey, R.R. (1956)- Eocene in the Philippines. Proc. Eighth Pacific Sci. Congr., 1953, 2, p. 503-573. (Hashimoto 1969: Occurrences of Eocene larger forams Discocyclina, Pellatispira, Nummulites, etc.) Gonzales, B.A. (1969)- Development and status of paleontological research in the Philippines. United Nations ECAFE CCOP Techn. Bull. 2, p. 87-95. Gonzales, B.A. (1969)- Development and status of micropaleontological research in the Philippines. J. Geol. Soc. Philippines 23, 4, p. 183-195. Gonzales, B.A., S.G. Martin & E.P. Espiritu (1978)- Philippines; onshore stratigraphy of the Philippine Tertiary basins. Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the ESCAP region V, ESCAP Atlas of stratigraphy I, UN ESCAP 44, p. 33-44. Grotsch, J. & C. Mercadier (1999)- Integrated 3-D reservoir modelling based on 3-D seismic: the Tertiary Malampaya and Camago buildups, offshore Palawan, Philippines. AAPG Bull. 83, 11, p. 1703-1728. (On complex complex sedimentary geometries, diagenesis, etc. of Oligocene- E Miocene Malampaya and Camago reefal buildups, offshore Palawan)


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Hall, R. & G.J. Nichols (1990)- Terrane amalgamation in the Philippinine Sea margin. Teconophysics 181, p. 207-222. Hamburger M., R. Cardwell & B. Isacks (1983)- Seismotectonics of the northern Philippine Island Arc. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonics and geologic evolution of southeast Asean seas and islands II, Amer. Geophys. Union Mon. 27, p. 1-22. Hargreaves, T.J. et al. (1992)- The geology of the Caluit discovery NW Palawan, Philippines. Philippine Exploration Conf., Manila, 13p. Hashimoto, W. (1969)- Paleontology of the Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, Univ. of Tokyo Press, 6, p, 293-329. (Review of Carboniferous- Pliocene fossils assemblages from Philippines) Hashimoto, W. (1980)- On the fundamental structural units of the Philippine basement and the extension to the neighbouring countries. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 21, p. 303-317. Hashimoto, W. (1981)- Two types of Tertiary oil basins in the Philippines. Proc. Fourth Reg. Conf. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, Manila 1981, p. 277-286. Hashimoto, W. (1981)- Geologic development of the Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 22, p. 83-170. Hashimoto, W., P.M. Alcantara, N. Aoki, G.R. Balce & P.P. David (1978)- Nummulites from the Lubingan crystalline schist of Bongabon, Nueva Ecija and their significance on the geologic development of the Philippines. Proc. Japan Academy 54, 1, p. Hashimoto, W., N. Aoki, P.P. David, G.R. Balce & P.M. Alcantara (1978)- Discovery of Nummulites from the Lubingan crystalline schist exposed east of Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines and its significance on the geologic development of the Philippines. Geology and Palaeont. of SE Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 19, p. 57-63. Hashimoto, W. & G.R. Balce (1975)- A new correlation scheme for the Philippine Cenozoic formations. In: H. Ujiie & T. Saito (eds.) Proc. 1st Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene stratigraphy, Tokyo 1976, p. 119-132. (Larger foram range chart and Philippines formations correlation table) Hashimoto, W., N. Kitamura, G.R. Balce, K. Matsumara et al. (1979)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines, X: Stratigraphic and faunal breaks between the Maybangain and Kinabuan Formations in the Tanai region, Rizal, Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 20, p. 143-157. Hashimoto W. & K. Matsumaru (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines, VIII: Larger Foraminifera from Central Samar. In: Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 19, Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 81-88. (Three Miocene species) Hashimoto W. & K. Matsumaru (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines, IX: Larger Foraminifera from the Zigzag Limestone, South of Boguio, Benguest, Luzon, Philippines. In: Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 19, Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 89-96. (Five species of lower Middle Miocene) Hashimoto W. & K. Matsumaru (1981)- Larger Foraminifera from the Philippines. Part XII. Eocene Limestone from southeastern Luzon. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 22, Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 63-73.


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Hashimoto W., & K. Matsumaru (1981)- Geological significance of the discovery of Nummulites fichteli (Michelotti) from the Sagada Plateau, Bontoc, Mountain Province, Northern Luzon, Philippines. Geol. Palaeontol. Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, , 22, p. 75-82. (Discovery of generally rare E Oligocene/ zone Td reticulate Nummulites fichteli in N Luzon, in thin limestones in volcanoclastic Sagada Fm. Associated with Lepidocyclina(Eulepidina) and Cycloclypeus cf oppenoorthi) Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1982)- Larger Foraminifera from the Philippines, XIV: On some larger Foraminifera bearing rocks from Palawan. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 24, p. 39-44. Hashimoto W. & K. Matsumaru (1984)- Mesozoic and Cenozoic larger Foraminifera of the Philippines and references to those found from Borneo by the APRSA's palaeontological reconnaissance. Geol. Palaeontol. Southeast Asia, 25, Univ. Press, Tokyo p. 147-166. Hashimoto W. K.Matsumaru & P.M. Alcantara (1982)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. Part XIII. Larger foraminifera from the Trankalan Limestone and the Eacalante (Toboso) Formation, West of Lanao River Valley, northeastern Occidental Negros. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 24, p. 31-38. Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & H. Fuchimoto (1980)- Consideration on the stratigraphy of the Caraballo Range, Northern Luzon: larger foraminiferal ranges on the Cenozoic of the Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 21, p. 119-134. Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & K. Kurihara (1977)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. Part V. Larger Foraminifera from Cenozoic limestones in the Mansalay vicinity, Oriental Mindoro, with appendix "An orbitoid-bearing limestone from Barahid, Bongabong". In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 18, p. 59-76. Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & K. Kurihara (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. Part VI. Larger foraminifera found from the Pinugay Hill Limestone, Tanay, Rizal, Central Luzon. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 19, p. 65-72. Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & K. Kurihara (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. Part VII. Larger Foraminifera found from the Lutak Hill Limestone, Pandan Valley, Central Cebu, Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 19, p. 73-80. Hashimoto, W., K. Matsumara, K. Kurihara, P.P. David & G.R. Balce (1977)- Larger foraminiferal assemblages useful for the correlation of the Cenozoic marine sediments in the mobile belt of the Philippines. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 18, p. 103-124. (Range charts, etc.) showing occurrences of 137 species of larger forams between Paleocene- Miocene, and correlation with planktonic foram zonation) Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & M. Sugaya (1982)- Larger Foraminifera from the Philippines. Part XI. On the Coal Harbor Limestone, Cagraray Island, Batan Island Group, Albay Province. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 22, p.55-62. (Five U Oligocene- M Miocene species of larger forams) Hashimoto, W. & T. Sato (1968)- Contribution to the geology of Mindoro and neighbouring islands, The Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University Tokyo Press, 5, p. 192-210. Hashimoto, W. & T. Sato (1973)- Geological structure of North Palawan and its bearing on the geological history of the Philippines. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontolpgy of Southeast Asia, University Tokyo Press, 13, p. 145-161.


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(N Palawan (mainly Malampaya Sound) low-metamorphic M Permian (with black fusulinid limestones, incl. Neoschwagerina, Verbeekina, Parafusulina)- M Triassic sediments, intensely folded, with NNW-SSE fold axes. In S Mindoro similar rocks unformably overlain by M and U Jurassic. Hashimoto, W. & T. Sato (1981)- Geologic development of the Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 22, p. 83-170. Hashimoto, S. G. Takizawa, G.R. Balce, E.A. Espiritu & C.A. Baura (1980)- Discovery of Triassic conodonts from Majalon and Uson Islands of the Calamian Island Group, Palawan Province, the Philippines, and its geological significance. Proc. Japan Acad. 56, Ser. B, p. 69-73. (Discovery of Epigondolella abneptis, a Lower Norian index conodont of Japan, in limestone at SE coast of Malajon Island, Calamian Islands, N of Palawan. These radiolarites appear to be unconformably overlain by latest Triassic- E Jurassic limestones and clastics described by Fontaine 1979) Haston R.B. & M. Fuller (1991)- Paleomagnetic data from the Philippine Sea Plate and their tectonic significance. J. Geophys. Res. 96, p. 6073-6098. Hatley, A.G. (1978)- The Nido reef discovery in the Philippines its significance. Oil Gas J. 24, p. 13-16. Hatley, A.G. (1978)- Palawan oil spurs Philippine action. Oil Gas J., Feb. 27, 1978, p. 112-118. Hatley, A.G. (1980)- The Philippines Nido reef comples oil field: a case history of exploration and development of a small oil field. SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1980, 8p. (Nido complex 1976 oil discovery off NW Palawan. Reservoir two separate Late Oligocene- Early Miocene reefal buildups on Early Oligocene carbonate platform) Hatley, A.G. (1992)- Finding oil where it shouldn’t be. In: A.G. Hatley (ed.) The oil finders, a collection of stories about exploration, Centex Press, Utopia, p. 119-140. (History of Philippines Nido Field discovery) Hatley, A.G. & R.Y. Harry (1979)- Exploration and development of the Nido Reef complex oil discovery, Philippines. CCOP/SOPAC Tech. Bull. 3, p. 253-260. Hawkins, J.W. & C.A. Evans (1983)- Geology of the Zambales Range, Luzon, Philippine Islands: ophiolite derived from an island arc- back arc basin pair. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands- II. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 95-123. Hawkins J.W., J.C. Moore, R. Villamor, C. Evans & E. Wright (1985)- Geology of the composite terranes of East and Central Mindanao. In: D.G. Howell (ed.) Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Circum Pacific region 1, Circum-Pacific Council Energy and Mineral Res., Earth Science Ser., p. 437-463. (Phillippine Archipelago formed by amalgamation of many geologic terranes. E Mindanao two composite terranes, sutured together by mid-Tertiary (Late Oligocene?). W Mindanao terrane is extension of Sangihe Arc) Hayes D.E. & S.D. Lewis (1984)- A geophysical study of the Manilla trench, Luzon, Philippines. 1- Crustal structure, gravity and regional tectonic evolution. J. Geophys. Res. 89, p. 9171-9195. Hedenquist, J.W., A. Arribas & T.J. Reynolds (1998)- Evolution of an intrusion-centred hydrothermal system: far Southeast- Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits, Philippines. Econ. Geol. 93, p. 373-404. Hilde T.W.C. & C.S. Lee (1984)- Origin and evolution of the West Philippine Basin: a new interpretation. Tectonophysics, 102, p. 85-104. (W Philippine Basin two distinct spreading phases. From 60-45 Ma spreading NE-SW, relative to present orientation. At ~45 Ma spreading direction changed to more N-S direction with reconfiguration of C Basin Spreading Center into short E-W segments offset by closely spaced N-S transform faults. Spreading slowed and


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ceased at 35 Ma B.P. Thus, W Philippine Basin originated at 45 Ma by trapping of normal ocean crust W of initial subduction along Palau-Kyushu trend. 45-35 Ma B.P. period represents dying phase of spreading on C Basin Spreading Center following isolation of W Philippine Basin from plate driving forces of Pacific) Hinz, K., E.H.K. Kempter & H.U. Schluter (1985)- The southern Palawan-Balabac Area: an accreted or nonaccreted terrane? Proc. 3rd Conf. Asian Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE), Kuala Lumpur, 2, p. 48-72. Hinz, K. & H.U. Schluter (1985)- Geology of the Dangerous grounds, South China Sea, and the continental margin off southwest Palawan: results of SONNE cruises SO-23 and SO-27. Energy, 10, 3-4, p. 297-315. (Seismic, magnetic and gravity data along 51 profiles in SE S China Sea (Dangerous Grounds, Palawan Trough). Five regional unconformities: Miocene-Pliocene, M Miocene (end of S China Sea seafloor spreading), Lower Miocene (often top of carbonate platforms), M-U Oligocene (rift-drift transition S China Sea) and Cretaceous-Paleocene (onset of rifting). Dangerous Grounds and parts of Palawan Trough underlain by stretched continental crust. Oldest rocks sampled in Dangerous Grounds U Triassic- Jurassic. U Oligocene- Lw Miocene carbonate platform from Dangerous Grounds E under Palawan Trough and Palawan shelf. C and S Palawan part of microcontinent with Dangerous Grounds/Reed Bank, N Palawan and Calamian block. E edge of carbonate platform overthrust from S by chaotically deformed sediments, suggesting Palawan Trough not ancient subduction trench, but loading of overthrust wedge) Holloway N.H. (1981)- The North Palawan block, Philippines: its relation to the Asian mainland and its role in the evolution of the South China Sea. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 14, p. 19-58. (Mindoro, N Palawan and Reed Bank in SW Philippines form Palawan Block continental fragment. PermianPaleogene rocks with 4 pre-Neogene unconformities suggest original pre-drift position against S China mainland. Tectonic history: (1) Jurassic-Cretaceous convergent continental margin; (2) Late Cretaceous inception of Philippine island arc system; (3)CCW rotation of arc from Late Eocene onwards; (4) Paleocene- M Miocene opening of South China Sea; (5) E-M Miocene collision with Palawan subduction system) Holloway, N.H. (1982)- North Palawan Block, Philippines- its relation to Asian mainland and role in evolution of South China Sea. AAPG Bull. 66, 9, p. 1355- 1383. (Same as Holloway (1981)) Imai, A. (2000)- Mineral paragenesis, fluid inclusions and sulfur isotope systematics of the Lepanto-Far Southeast porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Mankayan, Benguet, Philippines . Resource Geol. 50, p. 151-168. Imai, A. (2002)- Metallogenesis of porphyry Cu deposits of the Western Luzon Arc, Philippines: K-Ar ages, SO3 contents of microphenocrystic apatite and significance of intrusive rocks. Resource Geol. 52, p. 147-161. (W Luzon arc has been generating porphyry Cu mineralization associated with intermediate-silicic magmatism related to E-ward subduction since Miocene) Imai, A. (2005)- Evolution of hydrothermal system at the Dizon porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Zambales, Philippines. Resource Geol. 55, p. 73-90. Irving E.M. (1950)- Review of Philippine basement geology and its problems. Phil. J. Science 79, 3, p. 267-307. Irving, E.M. (1952)- Geological history and petroleum possibilities of the Philippines. AAPG Bull. 36, 3, p. 437-476. Irving E.M. (1953)- A geologic map (biostratigraphic-lithologic) of the Philippines, scale 1:125,000. Philippine Bureau of Mines and US Geological Survey, Manilla. Ishida, K., S. Suzuki, G.P. Yumul & C.B. Dimalanta (2011)- Middle Eocene low-paleolatitude radiolarian evidence for the Cabog Formation, Central East Luzon, Philippine Mobile Belt Gondwana Res. 19, 1, p. 61-70.


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Ishijima, W. & W. Hashimoto (1969)- Discovery of Distichoplax biserialis Dietrich in Upper Eocene limestone lenses exposed in the valley of the Mangamnan River, Marinduque Island, The Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia 7, p. 87-92. Ishiwada, Y. (1971)- Analysis of petroleum source rocks from the Philippines. United Nations ECAFE CCOP Techn. Bull. 4, p. 83-92. Javelosa, R.S. (1994)- Active Quaternary environments in the Philippine Mobile belt. Ph.D. Thesis ITC, Enschede, 179 p. Jego, S., R.C. Maury, M. Polve, G.P. Yumul, H. Bellon, R.A. Tamayo & J. Cotten (2005)- Geochemistry of adakites from the Philippines: constraints on their origins. Resource Geol. 55, p. 163-187. John, T.U. (1963)- Geology and mineral deposits of East-Central Balabac Is., Palawan Prov., Philippines. Philippine Geol. 17, p. 1-75. Karig D.E. (1975)- Basin genesis in the Philippine Sea. Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Project 31, p. 857-879. Karig D.E. (1983)- Temporal relationships between back arc basin formation and arc volcanism with special reference to te Philippine Sea. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast asian seas and islands 2, AGU Geophys. Mon. Ser. 27, p. 318-325. Karig D.E. (1983)- Accreted terranes in the northern part of the Philippine archipelago. Tectonics, 2, 2, p. 211232. (Philippine Archipelago complex array of ophiolites, continental fragments and island arc elements, from W to E: Neogene accretionary prism of W Luzon Arc, Eocene Zambales ophiolite, Cretaceous Angat ophiolite, and Late Cretaceous- E Paleogene volcanic arc built on older metamorphic basement. To S, W Luzon terranes juxtaposed against Mindoro metamorphic basement block, which is colliding with N Palawan microcontinent) Karig D.E., D.R. Sarewitz & G.D. Haeck (1986)- Role of strike-slip faulting in the evolution of allochthonous terranes in the Philippines. Geology 14, p. 852-855. Kerntke, M. (1991)- Zur geotektonischen Entwicklung der Visayas/ Philippinen und ihres sudost asiatischen Rahmens. Mitt. Geol. Palaeont. Institut der Universitat Hamburg. 71, p. 61-92. (‘On the geotectonic development of the Visayas, Philippines and its SE Asian setting’) Keston, S. (1981)- Geological relationship between Reed Bank and offshore western Palawan, Philippines. Proc. 4th Reg. Conf. Geology, Min. Energy Resources SE Asia, Manila 1981, p. 829-834. Kiessling, W. & E. Flugel (2000)- Late Paleozoic and Late Triassic limestones from North Palawan Block (Philippines): microfacies and paleogeographical implications. Facies 43, p. 39-78. (Permian- Carboniferous limestones in El Nido area. Paglugaban Fm with mid- Carboniferous fusulinids. Permian Minilog Fm Guadalupian fusulinid and dasycladacean wacke-/packstones. Busuanga Island Late Triassic (Rhaetian) limestones in reef and platform facies, similar to E Sulawesi, Banda Basin, Malay Peninsula, Malay Basin, etc. Carbonates formed on seamounts surrounded by deep water radiolarian cherts. Permian- Triassic carbonates contradict close paleogeographic connection between N Palawan Block and S China. N Palawan probably part of Indochina in Carboniferous-Permian, separated from Indochina Block in M Permian and collided with S China Block in Late Cretaceous) Kintanar (1976)- Petroleum geology of the Philippines. Proc. 2nd Geol. Conv. and 1st Symp. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Philippines, GPS, Manila, 1, p. 401-432. Knittel, U. (2010)- 83 Ma rhyolite from Mindoro - evidence for Late Yanshanian magmatism in the Palawan continental terrane (Philippines). Island Arc 19, p. 1-9.


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Lallemand S., M. Popoff, J.-P. Cadet, B. Deffontaines, A.G. Bader, M. Pubellier & C. Rangin (1998)- The junction between the central and southern Philippine Trench. J. Geophys. Res., 103, B1, p. 933-950. Lee, C.S., N.D. Trinidad & M.C. Galloway (1993)- A preliminary result of the Ragay Gulf survey in the Philippines. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 289-301. (Seismic and geochemical sniffer surveys by AGSO on NE Palawan shelf- Cuyo Platform and SE Luzon Ragay Gulf- Tayabas Bay. Ragay Bay data indicate presence of significant hydrocarbon source rocks) Lewis, S. D., and D. E. Hayes (1983)- The tectonics of northward propagating subduction along eastern Luzon, Philippines islands. In: D. E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of SE Asian seas and islands 2, AGU Geophys. Mon. 27, p. 57-78. Lewis S.D. & D.E. Hayes (1984)- A geophysical study of Manila trench Luzon, Philippines. 2. Forearc basin structural and stratigraphic evolution. J. Geophys. Res. 89, p. 9196-9214. Lewis S.D. & D.E. Hayes (1989)- Plate convergence and deformation, North Luzon Ridge, Philippines. Tectonophysics 168, p. 221-237. Lloyd, R.M. (1996)- Criteria for successful exploration of Miocene reef production in the Philippines. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 537-541. (Many well-defined carbonate buildups drilled in Philippines, but with only moderate success. Main reasons for failure are absence of competent drape seal over buildups and lack of direct access to mature source rocks) Longman, M.W. (1980)- Carbonate petrology of the Nido B-3A core, offshore Palawan, Philippines. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Carbonate core workshop, 1980, p. Longman, M.W. (1982)- Fracture porosity in reef talus of a Miocene pinnacle-reef reservoir, Nido B Field, the Philippines. In: P.O. Roehl & P.W. Choquette (eds.) Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs, Springer, New York, p. 549-560. Macpherson, C.G. (2008)- Lithosphere erosion and crustal growth in island arcs: insights from the nascent East Philippine margin. Geology 36, 4, p. 311-314. Malihan, T.D. (1987)- The gold-rich Dizon porphyry copper mine in the western Central Luzon Island, Philippines: its geology and tectonic setting. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 303-307. Marchadier, Y. & C. Rangin (1990)- Polyphase tectonics at the southern tip of Manila trench, Mindoro-Tablas islands, Philippines. Tectonophysics 183, p. 273-287. Marquez, E.J., J.C. Aitchison & L.R. Zamoras (2006)- Upper Permian to Middle Jurassic radiolarian assemblages of Busuanga and surrounding islands, Palawan, Philippines. In: Radiolaria- siliceous plankton through time, Eclog. Geol. Helv. 99, Suppl 1, p. 101-125. (N Palawan Block regarded as S-most continuation of Late Mesozoic accretionary complex, which developed along length of E Asian margin. It records Late Permian-Late Jurassic pelagic deposition on oceanic plate with subduction of plate starting by E Cretaceous. U Permian- M Jurassic radiolarians from13 localities) Marquez, E.J. & K.L. Queano (2002)- Sedimentological study of the Bonagbonag Limestone, Catanduanes, Philippines: a look into the Late Cretaceous depositional episode of a portion of the Southeast Luzon Basin. J. Asian Earth Sciences, p.


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Martin. S.G. (1976)- A review of oil exploration and stratigraphy of the sedimentary basins of the Philippines. United Nations ESCAP CCOP Techn. Bull. 10, p. 55-102. Masse, J.P., M. Villeneuve, F. Tumanda, C. Quiel & W. Diegor (1996)- Plate-formes carbonatees a orbitolines et rudistes du Cretace inferieur dans l'ile de Cebu (Philippines). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Ser. IIa 322, p. 973-980. (‘Lower Cretaceous carbonate platforms with orbitolinids and rudists on Cebu Island, Philippines’. Orbitolinid and rudist limestones associated with island-arc volcanoclastics formerly ascribed to Lower Aptian, now assigned to Albian, based on orbitolinids and calcareous algae with Mediterranean or Caribbean affinity) Mathisen, M.E. (1984)- Diagenesis of Plio-Pleistocene nonmarine sandstones, Cagayan Basin, Philippines: early development of secondary porosity in volcanic sandstones. In: Early development of secondary porosity in volcanic sandstones, AAPG Mem. 37, p. 177-193. (Plio-Pleistocene non-marine vocanic sandstones of Cagayan basin significantly altered by early dissolution and cementation. Fluvial sandstones buried to 400-900 m only slightly compacted, but with significant authigenic pore-lining clay and zeolites. Early dissolution of plagioclase, heavy minerals and volcanic fragments in nearly all samples, dissolving up to half framework grains and increasing porosity to 40%) Mathisen, M.E. & C.F. Vondra (1983)- The fluvial and pyroclastic deposits of the Cagayan basin, northern Luzon, Philippines: an example of non-marine volcaniclastic sedimentation in an interarc basin. Sedimentology 30, p. 369-92. Matsumaru, K. (1974)- Larger foraminifera from East Mindanao, the Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 14, p. 101-115. Maury, R.C., F.G. Sajona, M. Pubellier, H. Bellon & M.J. Defant (1996)- Fusion de la croute oceanique dans les zones de subduction/ collision recentes: l’exemple de Mindanao, Philippines. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 167, p. 579-595. ('Fusion of oceanic crust in recent subduction/ collision zones: example of Mindanao, Philippines') McCabe R., J. Almasco & W. Diegor (1983)- Geologic and paleomagnetic evidence for a possible Miocene collision in western Panay, Central Philippines. Geology 10, p. 325-329. (Palawan metamorphic terrane, represented by Paleozoic basement on NW tip of Panay, collided with remainder of island between Late Oligocene and M Miocene. Evidence for collision is (1) juxtaposition of old melange terrane against metamorphosed Paleozoic continental sediments similar to Palawan island, and (2) Miocene thrusting in melange terrane oriented parallel to suture. Paleomagnetic studies show Panay island rotated 20° CW since E Miocene, whereas N Philippines rotated CCW, consistent with collision of Philippine arc with NE-converging Palawan block) McCabe, R., J.N. Almasco & G. Yumul (1988)- Terranes of the Central Philippines. In: D.G. Howell (ed.) Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Circum Pacific Region, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Sci. Ser., p. 421-436. (Philippine Archipelago is collection of volcanic arcs, ophiolite fragments and rifted continental blocks, welded together by Late Miocene. Five terranes in Central Philippines) McCabe R., E. Kikawa, J.T. Cole, A.J. Malicse, P.Baldauf, J. Yumul & J. Almasco (1987)- Paleomagnetic results from Luzon and the Central Philippines. J. Geophys. Res. 92, B1, p. 555-580. (Plio-Pleistocene paleomagnetic data shows no rotation, suggesting terranes that make up Philippine Arc behaved as a single unit during past 5 M.y. Late Miocene sites two groups: W Luzon evidence for~20° of CW rotation; Bicol region, Negros, Marinduque, and Mindanao not rotated. Early Neogene results also two different populations: Marinduque large CCW rotation Panay, Cebu, and Mindanao CW rotation. Early Neogene data consistent with M-L Miocene collision of Palawan Continental Terrane and Central Philippine Arc. Dikes of possible Oligocene age from Zambales Ophiolite rotated ~60° clockwise. VGP of Mindoro displaced S-ward from Late Jurassic VGP of S China, suggesting post-Jurassic S-ward migration of Mindoro)


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McMurtrie, G., R. Jason, C. Lambert & J. Pattillo (2011)- Deepwater potential the NW Palawan Basin, Philippines. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 17, 24p. (Presentation package (Undrilled deep water NW of Palawan Island. Present-day shallow-water reservoir fairways like Nido Limestone, extend into deepwater. Outbord half grabens with potential source rocks modeled to be oil-mature. Seabed coring indicates widespread thermogenic microseepage. Inversion structures, gas chimneys, etc.)) Meteer, F.T., K. Sashida & H. Igo (1996)- Some Jurassic radiolarians from Busuanga Island, Calamian Island Group, Palawan, Philippines. In: H. Noda & K. Sashida, (eds). Prof. H. Igo Comm. volume, Geology and Paleontology of Japan and Southeast Asia, p. 165-191. Militante-Matias, P.J., M.M. de Leon & E.J. Marquez (2000)- Cretaceous environments of the Philippines. In: H. Okada & N.J. Mateer (eds.) Cretaceous environments of Asia, Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy 17, Elsevier, p. 181- 200. (Cretaceous rocks in Philippines exposed in several areas in C Philippines and Palawan. Composed of metamorphic basement rocks, crust-mantle sequences (Ophiolites?) and magmatic-volcanic arc complexes, generally capped by deep water pelagic cherts and limestones. Late Cretaceous more common shallow marine, localy with Orbitolina, rudists, etc., all sugesting tropical environments. Cretaceous sediemnts and volcanics often unconformably overlain by Eocene) Milsom, J., J.R. Ali & K.L. Queano (2006)- Peculiar geometry of northern Luzon, Philippines: implications for regional tectonics of new gravity and paleomagnetic data. Tectonics 25, p. 1-14. (N termination of Philippine archipelago remarkably abrupt. Paleomagnetic data constraints on reconstructions and favor the possibility that in Paleogene the Central Cordillera and Sierra Madre were combined as parts of arc at S margin of Philippine Sea. The Sicalao Ridge can be interpreted as rift margin feature created during detachment of Luzon from continental Sundaland) Milsom, J., J. Barretto, N. Aguda, D. Bringas, R. Ho & J. Aitchison (2009)- The gravity fields of Palawan and New Caledonia: insights into the subsurface geometries of ophiolites. J. Geol. Soc., London, 166, p. 985-988. (New gravity data from Palawan, W Philippines resembles New Caledonia. On both islands, ophiolites derived from root zones just offshore, rest on basal surfaces that change abruptly in depth by up to 5 km. Geometries of thrust sheets are as important to understanding emplacement histories as exposure patterns) Milsom, J., R. Holt, D.B. Ayub & R. Smail (1997)- Gravity anomalies and deep structural controls at the SabahPalawan margin, South China Sea. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds.) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 417-427. Mitchell, A.G.H. & G.R. Balce (1990)- Geological features of some epithermal gold systems, Philippines. J. Geochem. Expl. 35, p. 241-296. (Philippines numerous epithermal gold deposits, mainly in Cenozoic and locally Cretaceous arc systems, built on ophiolite and metamorphic basement rocks. Epithermal gold deposits mostly Pliocene, along axes of volcanic arcs Mitchell, A.H.G., F. Hernandez & A.P. de la Cruz (1986)- Cenozoic evolution of the Philippine archipelago. J. SE Asian Earth Sci. 1, 1, p. 3-22. Mitchell, A.G.H. & T.M. Leach (1991)- Epithermal gold in the Philippines: island arc metallogenesis, geothermal systems and geology. Academic Press, London, 457p. (Comprehensive account of Philippine gold deposits and geology) Mitchell, A.G.H. & T.M. Leach (1991)- Outline of Philippine geology. In: Epithermal gold in the Philippines: island arc metallogenesis, geothermal systems and geology, Academic Press, London, p 14-53.


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Mou, D.C. & D.F. Collins (1996)- Camago No. 1, a gas and condensate discovery along the deepwater Lower Miocene reef trend, NW Palawan offshore, Philippines. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th CircumPacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 556-569. (New deep water productive Miocene pinnacle reef trend off NW Palawan, outboard of the Nido- PandanMatinloc shelf margin. Wet gas column 655m) Mrozowski, C.L., S.D. Lewis & D.E. Hayes (1982)- Complexities in the tectonic evolution of the West Philippine Basin. Tectonophysics 82, p. 1-24. (Oceanic W Philippine Basin three sub-basins with different tectonic histories. Magnetic anomalies 21(?)-17 in main basin and do do not extend into S or NW sub-basin. S sub-basin may have formed immediately before a ridge jump to main basin spreading axis or may be younger than main basin. NW sub-basin originated as part of main basin, but has undergone deformation which did not affect main basin, possibly related to subduction along E Luzon margin in mid-Tertiary. Gagua Ridge is uplifted sliver of oceanic crust) Muller, C., H. Jurgan & H. Porth (1989)- Paleogeographic outlines of the Visayan Basin. In: H. Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines, Geol. Jahrbuch B70, p. 303-315. Muller, C., C.H. von Daniels, P. Cepek, F. Gramann et al. (1989)- Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental studies in the Tertiary of the Visayan basin, Philippines. In: H. Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines. Geol. Jahrbuch B70, p. 89-145. Navarro, F.A., L.M. Ostrea, A.G. Lasam, J.P.M. Micu & E.C. Jacobsen (1992)- The Octon discovery. Proc. South East Asia Petroleum Exploration Society (SEAPEX) 10 Conf., Singapore, p. 207-231. Neuhaus, D., J. Borgomano, J.C. Jauffred, C. Mercadier et al. (2004)- Quantitative seismic reservoir characterization of an Oligocene- Miocene carbonate build-up, Malampaya Field, Philippines. In: G. Eberli et al. (eds.) Seismic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems, AAPG Mem. 81p. 169-184. Onoue, T, T. Nikaido, L.R. Zamoras & A. Matsuoka (2011)- Preservation of larval bivalve shells in a radiolarian chert in the Late Triassic (Early Norian) interval of the Malampaya Sound Group, Calamian Island, western Philippines. Marine Micropal. 79, p. 58-65. (Silicified thin bivalve shells E Norian radiolarian chert of Malampaya Sound Gp, part of Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous subduction-related accretionary complex in N Palawan Block. Deep-sea sediment that accumulated in an open-ocean realm of Panthalassa Ocean) Palmer, S.E. (1984)- Effect of water washing on C15+ hydrocarbon fraction of oils from NW Palawan. AAPG Bull. 68, 2, p. 137-149. Pautot, G. & C. Rangin (1989)- Subduction of the South China Sea axial ridge below Luzon (Philippines). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 92, p. 57-69. Payot, B.D., S. Arai, R.A. Tamayo & G.P. Yumul (2009)- What underlies the Philippine island arc? Clues from the Calaton Hill, Tablas island, Romblon (Central Philippines). J. Asian Earth Sci. 36, p. 371-389. (High-T metamorphic/plutonic complex in Calaton Hill, Tablas island representative of lower crust underlying Philippine island arc) Pena, R. (1996)- On recent interpretations on the ophiolites of Central Luzon and ophiolite associations in northern Luzon. J. Geol. Soc. Philippines 51, p. 37-47. Pena, R. (2009)- Lexicon of Philippine Stratigraphy 2008. GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Presentation, p. Philippines Bureau of Mines (1976)- A review of exploration and stratigraphy of sedimentary basins of the Philippines. UNECAFE, Techn. Bull. 10, p. 55-102.


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Philippine Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (1981)- Geology and mineral resources of the Philippines. Philippine Bureau of Mines and Geosciences 1, 406 p. Pinet N. (1993)- Repartition des mouvements décrochants et chevauchants le long de la frontière NW de la plaque mer des Philippines. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 316, p. 217-223. Poblete, R.G. & A.A. Morado (1999)- The NW Sulu Sea Basin, Philippines: an attractive frontier basin for petroleum exploration: Palawan 99, p. Porth, H. & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) (1989)- On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines. Geol. Jahrbuch B70, 428p. Porth, H., C. Muller & C.H. von Daniels (1989)- The sedimentary formations of the Visayan region. In: H. Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) (1989)- On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines. Geol. Jahrbuch B70, p. 29-87. (Visayan basin Basement folded, low metamorphic Cretaceous volcanics and sediments, incl. Aptian-Albian Orbitolina limestone. Overlain by rare M-L Eocene limestone, M Oligocene limestone and widespread Late Oligocene-Recent sediments.. Three phases of uplift-erosion: E-M Miocene boundary, M-L Miocene boundary, Late Pliocene) Pratt, W.E. (1915)- Petroleum and residual bitumens in Leyte. Philippine J. Sci., A, 10, p. 241-279. Pratt, W.E. (1915)- On the occurrence of petroleum in the provinces of Cebu. Philippine J. Sci., A, 10, p. 281287. Pratt, W.E. (1915)- The persistance of Philippine coal beds. Philippine J. Sci., A, 10, p. 289-301. Pratt, W.E. & W.D. Smith (1913)- The geology and petroleum resources of the southrn part of Bondoc Peninsula, Tayabas Province, P.I.. Philippine J. Sci., A, 8, 5, p. 301-376. Pubellier M., B. Deffontaines, R. Quebral & C. Rangin (1994)- Drainage network analysis and tectonics of Mindanao, southern Philippines. Geomorphology 9, p. 325-342. Pubellier M., R. Quebral, M. Aurelio & C. Rangin (1996)- Docking and post-docking escape tectonics in the southern Philippines. In: R. Hall & D. Blundel (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc , London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 511-523. (Philippine archipelago structure results from juxtaposition of volcanic belt against Eurasian margin fragments and associated marginal basins, between Late Miocene- Present. Docking period characterized by compression. Post-docking in N Mindanao represented by paired subduction zone and strike-slip fault) Pubellier M., Quebral R.D., B. Deffontaines & C. Rangin (1993)- Neotectonic map of Mindanao Island Philippines (1:800,000). Explanatory notes, 22 p. Pubellier M., R. Quebral, C. Rangin, B. Deffontaines, C. Muller & J. Butterlin (1991)- The Mindanao collision zone: a soft collision event within a continuous Neogene strike-slip setting. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 239-248. Queano, K.L. (2005)- Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene Sigaboy Formation turbidites, on the Pujada Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippines: internal structures, composition, depositional elements and reservoir characteristics. J. Asian Earth Sci. 25, p. 387-402. (Turbidites of U Miocene- Lw Pliocene Sigaboy Fm on Pujada Peninsula, SE Mindanao, overlie ophiolite. Channelized and unchannelized of submarine fan deposits, derived from Sangihe arc and its uplifted outer arc


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ridge (now Pujada Peninsula), following initial subduction of Snellius Plateau-Halmahera Arc in Mindanao (latest M Miocene) and prior to initiation of Philippine Trench (<5 Ma). Porosity very low, rarely >5%.) Queano, K., J. Ali, J. Aitchison, G. Yumul, M. Pubellier & C. Dimalanta (2008)- Geochemistry of Cretaceous to Eocene ophiolitic rocks of the Central Cordillera: implications for Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic evolution of the Northern Philippines. Int. Geol. Rev. 50, 4, p. 407-421. (Central Cordillera in N Philippines underlain mainly by ophiolitic basement of Cretaceous- Eocene age with supra-subduction signature and generated in back-arc setting. Relationships similar to Cretaceous- Eocene Lepanto Metavolcanics and Pugo Fm, comprising ophiolitic basement in S portions of range, suggesting C Cordillera floored by common volcanic basement) Queano, K.L., J.R. Ali, J. Milsom, J.C. Aitchison & M. Pubellier (2007)- North Luzon and the Philippine Sea plate motion model: insights following paleomagnetic, structural, and age-dating investigations. J. Geoph. Res. 112, B05101, p. 1-44. (Paleomagnetic from N Luzon show combination of major plate and local rotations in CW and CCW directions. Inclination data suggest N Luzon traveled as part of Philippine Sea Plate for most of Eocene-Pliocene history. N Luzon is placed on W edge of Philippine Sea Plate, just W of where Benham Plateau formed at ~40 Ma. Substantial N-ward migration since start of Neogene, with earlier interval stretching back to equatorial latitudes in mid-E Cretaceous. Post-15 Ma motion of plate involved indentation of Palawan microcontinent into W side of Philippine Archipelago) Queano, K.L., J.R. Ali, M. Pubellier, G.P. Yumul & C.B. Dimalanta (2009)- Reconstructing the Mesozoic– early Cenozoic evolution of northern Philippines: clues from palaeomagnetic studies on the ophiolitic basement of the Central Cordillera. Geoph. J. Int. 178, 3, p. 1317-1326. (First palaeomagnetic data from Cretaceous Eocene ophiolitic basement (pillow basalts, diabase dykes) in C Cordillera on N Luzon suggest ophiolitic rocks formed at subequatorial latitudes (6.3°N ± 3.1°), close to where island was during E Cenozoic. These rocks could be relicts of proto-Philippine Sea Plate) Quebral R., M. Pubellier & C. Rangin (1996)- The onset of movement on the Philippine fault in eastern Mindanao: a transition from a collision to strike slip environment. Tectonics 15, 4, p. 713-726. (Evolution of E Mindanao from zone of active arc-arc collision to strike-slip environment. Diachronous unconformity along Philippine Fault marking end of collision-related deformation reflects S-ward propagating nature of collision and provides limits on age of initiation of Philippine Fault) Rammlair, D. (1993)- The evolution of the Philippine Archipelago in time and space: a plate-tectonic model. Geol. Jahrbuch B81, p. 3-48. Ramos, S.G., J.B. Rosell, A.M. de Guzman & A.P. Revilla (2003)- Sedimentological and biostratigraphic details of well Fuga-1, Babuyan Channel, Philippines. In: B. Ratanasthien et al. (eds.) Pacific Neogene paleoenvironments and their evolution, 8th Int. Congr. on Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Chiang Mai, 2003, p. Rangin C. (1991)- The Philippine Mobile Belt; a complex plate boundary. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 307-318. Rangin C., C. Muller & H. Porth (1989)- Neogene geodynamic evolution of the Visayan region. In: Porth, H. & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) (1989)- On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines. Geol. Jahrbuch B70, p. 7-27. Rangin C. & M. Pubellier (1990)- Subduction and accretion of oceanic fragments along the Eurasian margin: southern Japan- Philippine region. Some constraints for continental growth. In: J. Aubouin & J. Bourgois (eds.) Tectonics of Circum Pacific Continental margins, VSP Int. Publ., p. 139-164.


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Rangin C., J.F. Stephan, R. Blanchet, D. Baladad et al. (1988)- Seabeam survey at the southern end of the Manilla trench. Transition between subduction and collision processes, offshore Mindoro Island, Philippines. Tectonophysics 146, p. 261-278. Rangin C., J.F. Stephan, J. Butterlin, H. Bellon, C. Muller, J. Chorowicz & D. Baladad (1991)- Collision neogene d’arcs volcaniques dans le centre des Philippines: stratigraphie et structures de la chaine d’Antique (ile de Panay). Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 162, 3, p. 465-477. ('Neogene volcanic arc collision in C Philippines: stratigraphy and structures of the Antique chain, Panay') Rangin C., J.F. Stephan & C. Muller (1985)- Middle Oligocene oceanic crust of the South China Sea, jammed into Mindoro Collision Zone, Philippines. Geology, 13, p. 425-428. (Mindoro Island is between Manila Trench and collision zone of N Palawan block with W Philippines mobile belt. M Oligocene ophiolites in suture part of terranes thrust above N Palawan block at E-M Miocene boundary. Ophiolites interpreted as fragments of S China Sea oceanic crust between two continental blocks) Ranken, B., R.K. Cardwell & D.E. Karig (1984)- Kinematics of the Philippine Sea Plate. Tectonics 3, 5, p. 555575. Ranneft T.S.M., R.M.J. Hopkins, A.J. Froelich & J.W. Gwinn (1960)- Reconnaissance geology and oil possibilities of Mindanao. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 4, p. 529-568. Raschka, H. (1985)- Geology of the ophiolite of Central Palawan Island, Philippines. Ofiolite B10, p. 375-390. Rehm, S.K. (2003)- The Miocene carbonates in time and space on- and offshore SW Palawan, Philippines. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität zu Kiel, Hamburg, p. Reyes, M.V. (1977)- Cenozoic reef developments in the Visayas, Philippine Islands. Proc. First ASCOPE Conf., Jakarta, 1, p. 253-261. Ringenbach, J.C., N. Pinet, J.F. Stephan & J. Delteil (1993)- Structural variety and tectonic evolution of strike slip basins related to the Philippine fault system, northern Luzon, Philippines. Tectonics 12, 1, p. 187-204. Roberts, M. (1983)- Seismic example of complex faulting from NW shelf of Palawan. In A.W. Bally (ed.) Seismic expression of structural styles, AAPG Studies in geology 15, 3, p. 4.2-18. Roeder D. (1977)- Philippine arc system- collision or flipped subduction zone? Geology 5, p. 203-206. Rutland, R.W.R. & M.R. Walter (1974)- Philippine Archipelago. In: A.M. Spencer (ed.) Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 491-500. Sajona, F., H. Bellon, R.C. Maury, M. Pubellier, J. Cotton & C. Rangin (1994)- Magmatic response to abrupt changes in geodynamic settings: Pliocene-Quaternary calc-alkaline and Nb-enriched lavas from Mindanao (Philippines). Tectonophysics 237, p. 47-72. Sajona, F.G., H. Bellon, R.C. Maury, M. Pubellier, R.D. Quebral, J. Cotton et al. (1997)- Tertiary and Quaternary magmatism in Mindanao and Leyte (Philippines): geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic setting. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, 2-3, p. 121-153. (Several volcanic sectors in Leyte and Mindanao. Composition of Tertiary-Recent arc magmatism linked to tectonic settings and used to refine reconstruction of tectonic history of Philippine archipelago. Identification of adakites used to date timings of subduction initiations and arc polarity reversals) Sajona, F.G. & R.C. Maury (1998)- Association of adakites with gold and copper mineralization in the Philippines. Comptes Rend. Acad. Sci., IIA, 326, 1, p. 27-34.


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(Adakites are intermediate- acidic volcanic and plutonic rocks derived from partial melting of subducted oceanic crust when subducting slab is young (< 20 Ma) and hot, at start and end of subduction. In Philippines most of porphyry Cu and epithermal Au deposits related with these and related magmas (Nb-enriched basalts and adakite-linked andesites). E Luzon arc is example of adakite-Cu-Au area underthrusted by young crust) Sajona, F.G., R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, J. Cotton & M. Defant (1996)- High field strengh element enrichment of Pliocene-Pleistocene island arc basalts, Zamboanga Peninsula, western Mindanao (Philippines). J. Petrol. 37, p. 693-726. Sajona, F.G., R. Maury, H. Bellon, J. Cotten, M. Defant & M. Pubellier (1993)- Initiation of subduction and the generation of slab melts in western and eastern Mindanao, Philippines. Geology 21, p. 1007-1010. Sajona, F.G., R.C. Maury, M. Pubellier, J. Leterrier, H. Bellon & J. Cotton (2000)- Magmatic source enrichment by slab-derived melts in a young post-collision setting, central Mindanao (Philippines). Lithos 54, p. 173-206. (C Mindanao Pliocene (4-5 Ma) arc- arc collision event followed by basaltic to dacitic magmatism starting at 2.3 Ma. Lavas calc-alkaline to shoshonitic, including adakites and Nb-enriched basalts. Chemistry attributed to interaction of slab-derived melts, i.e., adakites, with arc mantle) Saldivar-Sali, A. et al. (1983)- Geology of offshore NW Palawan. Oil Gas J., Nov 30, 1983, p. 119-128. Saldivar-Sali, A., N.L. Caagusan & R.S. Rieza (1981)- Paleogene petroleum possibilities in the Philippines. Energy 6, 11, p. 1207-1224. Saldivar-Sali, A., H.G. Oesterle & D.N. Brownlee (1981)- The geology of offshore Northwest Palawan, Philippines. Proc.. 2nd Asian Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE) Conf. Exhib., Manila 1999, p. 99-123. Saldivar-Sali, A., J. Suppe & R.E. Bischke (1996)- A Middle Miocene reconstruction of the Philippines and its consequences concerning petroleum exploration. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 617-625. Sales, A.O., E.C. Jacobsen, A.A. Morado Jr, J.J. Benavidez, F.A. Navarro & A.E. Lim (1997)- The petroleum potential of deepwater northwest Palawan block GSEC 66. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 217-240. Sarewitz D. & D.E. Karig (1986)- Processes of allochthonous terranes evolution in Mindoro Island, Philippines. Tectonics 5, 4, p. 525-552. Sarewitz, D. R. & D.E. Karig (1986)- Geologic evolution of western Mindoro Island and the Mindoro suture zone, Philippines. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 1, p. 117-141. (Two tectonostratigraphic terranes on Mindoro Island: N Palawan and Mindoro blocks, separated by steeplydipping Mindoro Suture Zone. N Palawan block is continental fragment rifted off Eurasia when S China Basin opened in mid Tertiary, with evidence of crustal stretching starting in Late Eocene or earlier. Large volumes of basalt extruded in mid Oligocene. Mindoro block with pre-upper Cretaceous Mindoro Metamorphic basement. Mindoro Suture Zone active in Late Paleogene- E Neogene. Numerous large bodies of serpentinized ultramafic rock along suture. Interpreted as strike-slip boundary, juxtaposing Mindoro and N Palawan blocks in M-Late Miocene. Subsequent latest Miocene and younger west-vergent thrust faulting between Mindoro Suture Zone and Manila Trench) Sarewitz D.R. & S.D. Lewis (1991)- The Marinduque intra-arc basin, Philippines: Basin genesis and in situ ophiolite development in a strike-slip setting. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 103, 5, p. 597-614. (Marinduque marine intra-arc basin in N-C Philippine volcanic arc system. Rhombic in shape, with long axis trending N-NW, with ENE trending volcanic ridge dividing it into two depocenters. Magnetic anomalies parallel to central volcanic ridge indicate it formed by extension in N-S direction by process analogous to seafloor spreading. Marinduque basin is composite pull-apart basin whose floor is in part composed of oceanic-


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type crust. Evolution of central volcanic ridge presents actualistic model for development and emplacement of ophiolites in island-arc setting. Overall history of Marinduque basin suggests strike-slip processes may play important role in origin of intra-arc basins) Sato, T. (1964)- Les ammonites oxfordiennes de l'ile de Mindoro. Japan J. Geol. Geogr. 32, 1, p. 141-143. ('The Oxfordian ammonites of Mindoro Island') Schweller, W.J. & D.E. Karig (1982)- Emplacement of the Zambales Ophiolite into the West Luzon margin. In: Studies in continental margin geology, AAPG Mem. 34, p. 441- 454. (Zambales Ophiolite >10 km thick igneous sequence, formed in Late Eocene. It is a large fragment of oceanic crust, uplifted several km without being obducted onto continental margin. 120m of Late Eocene- Oligocene pelagic limestone on ophiolite changes to ophiolite- derived clastics in E Miocene. Schweller, W.J., D.E. Karig & S.B. Bachman (1983)- Original setting and emplacement history of the Zambales Ophiolite, Luzon, Philippines, from stratigraphic evidence. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands- II. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 124-138. (Oldest sediments above Zambales ophiolite Upper Eocene pelagic limestone. M-Late Oligocene increasing dilution of limestone pelagic limestone with volcanoclastic turbidites. Thick Lower Miocene sandstone changes from volcanoclastic to ophiolitic composition over few Myrs, indicating rapid ophiolite uplift) Schweller, W.J., P.H. Roth, D.E. Karig & S.B. Bachman (1984)- Sedimentation history and biostratigraphy of ophiolite-related Tertiary sediments, Luzon, Philippines. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 95, 1, p. 1333-1342. Seno, T. & S. Maruyama (1984)- Paleogeographic reconstruction and the origin of the Philippine Sea. Tectonophysics 102, p. 53-84. (Philippine Sea formed by two episodes of back-arc spreading, each resulting from seaward retreat of trench) Shuto, T.(1971)- Neogene bivalves from Panay Island, the Philippines. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ. D, XXI, 1; p. 1-73. Sibuet, J.C. & S.K. Hsu (1997)- Geodynamics of the Taiwan arc-arc collision. Tectonophysics 274, p. 221-251. (Luzon arc entered into collision with subduction zone in Late Miocene. With Miocene- Recent plate reconstructions greater South China Sea area) Sibuet, J.C. & S.K. Hsu (2004)- How was Taiwan created? Tectonophysics 379, p. 159-181. Sillitoe, R.H. & I.M. Gappe (1984)- Philippine porphyry copper deposits: geologic setting and characteristics. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Mineral Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP) Techn. Bull. 14, p. 1-89. Smith, W.D. (1913)- Contributions to the stratigraphy and fossil invertebrate fauna of the Philippines Islands. Philippines J. Sci, A, 8,4, p. 235-300. Smith, W.D. (1925)- Geology and mineral resources of the Philippine islands. Bureau of Mines, Manila, Publ. 19, p. 1-529. Sonntag, I., R. Kerrich & S.G. Hagemann (2011)- The geochemistry of host arc volcanic rocks to the Co-O epithermal gold deposit, Eastern Mindanao, Philippines. Lithos 127, p. 564-580. (Mindanao island in S Philippines comprises suture zone between Eurasian and Philippine plates (Philippine Mobile Belt). E Mindanao Philippine Mobile Belt outcrops mainly Eocene -Pliocene arc volcanics and sediments. Co-O epithermal Au deposit hosted in Oligocene volcanic series) Sta. Ana, M.C.V. (2006)- Characterization of Miocene-Pliocene carbonate platforms, Southern Southwest Palawan Basin, Philippines. M.Sc. Thesis University of Texas, 59 p. (online at http://txspace.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1796/STA.-ANA-THESIS.pdf)


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(Seismic examples of Middle-Late Miocene carbonate buildups) Stephan, J.F., R. Blanchet, C, Rangin, B. Pelletier, J. Letouzey & C. Müller (1986)- Geodynamic evolution of the Taiwan-Luzon-Mindoro belt since the Late Eocene. Tectonophysics 125, p. 245-268. Suerte, L.O., A. Imai & S. Nishihara (2009)- Geochemical characteristics of intrusive rocks, Southeastern Mindanao, Philippines; implication to metallogenesis of porphyry copper-gold deposits. Resource Geol. 59, 3, p. 244-262. Suerte, L.O., G.P. Yumul, R.A. Tamayo, C.B. Dimalanta, M.F. Zhou, R.C. Maury, M. Polve & C. L. Balce (2005)- Geology, geochemistry and U-Pb SHRIMP age of the Tacloban Ophiolite Complex, Leyte Island (Central Philippines): implications for the existence and extent of the Proto-Philippine Sea Plate. Resource Geol. 55, 3, p. 207-216. (Age and origin of oceanic basement of C Philippines ophiolitic massifs debated. Tacloban Ophiolite Complex NW-SE trending massif in NE Leyte Island, unconformably overlain by Late Miocene-Pliocene sediments and Pleistocene volcaniclastics. Ophiolite subduction-related origin. U-Pb dating of zircons from gabbro yielded Early Cretaceous magmatic age, older than previously reported K-Ar derived Eocene age. Early Cretaceous age limits possible progenitor of ophiolite to proto-Philippine Sea Plate) Suzuki, S., D. Asiedu, S. Takemura, G.P. Yumul. & S.D. David (2001)- Composition of sandstones from the Cretaceous to Eocene successions in Central Palawan, Philippines. J. Geol. Soc. Phil. 56, p. 31-42. Suzuki S., S. Takemura, G.P. Yumul, D.D. Sevillo & D.K. Asiedu (2000)- Composition and provenance of the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene sandstones in Central Palawan, Philippines: constraints on the tectonic development of Palawan. The Island Arc 9, p. 611-626. (U Cretaceous- Eocene turbiditic sandstones from C Palawan common quartz, acidic volcanics, K-feldspar and granitic rock fragments. Derived from continental source region, probably continental margin of S China) Tamayo R.A., P.Y. Graciano, R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, J. Cotten, M. Polve T. Juteau & C. Querubin (2000)Complex origin for the south-western Zamboanga metamorphic basement complex, western Mindanao, Philippines. The Island Arc 9, p. 638-652. (N portion of SW Zamboanga metamorphic basement complex, W Mindanao, amphibolites with relict textures inherited from cumulate gabbro protoliths and with magmatic arc-related signature. Unconformably overlain by metasedimentary quartz-muscovite-feldspar-kyanite schist of continental basement origin. Metamorphism at T 550°C - 700°C and P of 5-9 kbar. K-Ar age of metamorphic event 24.6, 22.2 and 21.2 ± 1.2 Ma. Results in agreement with plate tectonic models describing SW Zamboanga metamorphic basement as continental terrane with slivers of magmatic arc crust) Tamayo R.A., R.C. Maury, G.P. Yumul, M. Polve, J. Cotten, C.B. Dimalanta & F.O. Olaguera (2004)Subduction-related magmatic imprint of most Philippine ophiolites: implications on the early geodynamic evolution of the Philippine archipelago. Bull. Soc. Géol. France 175, 5, p. 443-460. (Basement complexes of Philippines at least 20 ophiolitic complexes, with volcanic sequences similar to MORB, transitional MORB-island arc tholeiites and arc volcanic rocks originating from modern Pacific-type oceans, back-arc basins and island arcs. Most volcanic sequences in Philippine ophiolites formed in subduction settings. Associated gabbros and peridotites tie to supra-subduction zone environments. Early geodynamic evolution of Philippines dominated by opening and closing of oceanic basins, providing substratum of Cretaceous -Recent volcanic arcs) Tamesis, E.V. (1981)- Hydrocarbon potential of Philippine basins. Energy 6, 11, p. 1181-1206. Tamesis, E. V., R.A. Lorentz, R.V. Pascual & E. M. Dizon (1982)- Stratigraphy and geologic structures of the Central Valley Basin, Luzon, Philippines. In: Geology and Tectonics of the Luzon-Marianas Region, Proc. CCOP-IOC-SEATAR Workshop, Philippines 1981, Manila, p. 83- 118.


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Tamesis, E.V., E.V. Manalac, C.A. Reyes & L.M. Ote (1973)- Late Tertiary geological history of the continental shelf off northwestern Palawan, Philippines. In: Proc. Regional Conf. Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 6, p. 165-176. Teodosio, N.R. (1987)- An overview of coal deposits in the Philippines. ESCAP Series on Coal. 5, p. 142-150. Teves, J.S. (1953)- The pre-Tertiary geology of southern Oriental Mindoro. Philippine Geologist 8, 1, p. 1-36. Teves, J.S. (1957)- Philippines. In: Lexique Stratigraphique Int. III, Asie 5, 167 p. Tumanda, F.P. (1991)- Radiolarian biostratigraphy in central Busuanga Island, Palawan, Philippines. J. Geol. Soc. Philippines 46, p. 49-104. United Nations Development Program (1987)- Geology and mineralization in the Baguio area, Northern Luzon. UNDP Tech. Rept. 5, p. 1-82. Villavicencio, M.L. & P.P. Andal (1964)- Distichoplax biserialis Dietrich in the Philippines. Philippine Geologist 18, 4, p. 103-113. (Paleocene- Lower(?) Eocene (Ta) index fossil Distichoplax biserialis (Dietrich) recognized in Philippines for the first time. Abundant in organic limestones) Walia, M., U. Knittel, S. Suzuki, S.L. Chung, R.E. Pena & T.F. Yang (2012)- No Paleozoic metamorphics in Palawan (the Philippines)? Evidence from single grain U-Pb dating of detrital zircons. J. Asian Earth Sci. 52, p. 134-145. (Palawan Continental Terrane is fragment of margin of SE China that drifted S as result of Cenozoic opening of S China Sea. Presence of non-metamorphic Permian and Triassic sediments in N of island, suggested Paleozoic age for metamorphics. Detrital zircons as young as 80-98 Ma present in all metamorphic units, suggesting Late Cretaceous or younger age and Caramay Schist is not basement for rest of units in C Palawan. Zircon ages two major peaks, at ∼115 Ma and 1.8 Ga. Source of zircons N part of Cathaysia Block, S China) Walston, V.A. & H. Oesterle (1992)- Geology of the West Linacapan 'A' Field, Offshore Palawan, Philippines. Proc. 9th SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1992, p. 67-74. (Field off N tip Palawan large wrench fault-related anticline. Hydrocarbons in Lower Miocene deep water sands and limestones. Recoverable reseves ~100 MBO) Warrlich, G., C. Taberner, W. Asyee, B. Stephenson, M. Esteban, M. Bya-Ferrero, A. Dombrowski & J.H. van Konijnenburg (2010)- The impact of postdepositional processes on reservoir properties: two case studies of Tertiary carbonate buildup gas fields in Southeast Asia (Malampaya and E11). In: W.A. Morgan, A.D. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 99-127. (Comparison of two Tertiary gas-bearing carbonate buildups formed in similar depositional environments and ages: E11 in Luconia, off N Borneo and Malampaya, off Philippines. Diagenetic histories different: (1) E11 secondary porosity formed by dolomitization and late leaching; (2 ) Malampaya by exposure and burial-related leachin . Low-porosity zones in Malampaya result of meteoric diagenesis during exposure and late cementation, in E11 nonleached, deeper-water argillaceous wackestones. Early diagenetic alterations follow depositional trends; diagenetic overprints in burial realm may be guided by faults) Williams, H.H. (1997)- Play concepts- Northwest Palawan, Philippines. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 251-27. Williams, H., E.N. Reyes & R.T. Eubank (1992)- Geochemistry of Palawan oils, Philippines: source implications. Proc. 9th SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore, p. 115-129. (Palawan non-waxy oils traditionally interpreted as marine sourced. Oils from recent Calauit fields characteristics of non-marine algal source)


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Wolcke, F. & J. Scholz (1988)- Uber die palaeobiogeographische Bedeutung eines Vorkommens caprinider Rudisten aus der Unterkreide von Cebu (Philippinen). Mitt. Geol. Palaeont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg. 67, p. 121133. (‘On the paleobiogeographic significance of caprinid rudists from the Lower Cretaceous of Cebu, Philippines’. Rudists from Barremian-Aptian Pandan Fm, Cebu, associated with Palorbitolina lenticularis) Wolfart, R., P. Cepek, F. Gramann, E. Kemper & H. Porth (1986)- Stratigraphy of Palawan Island. Newsl. Stratigr. 16, p. 19-48. Wolfe, J.A. (1981)- Philippine geochronology. J. Geol. Soc. Philippines 35, p. 1-35. Wolfe, J.A. & S. Self (1983)- Structural lineaments and Neogene volcanism in southwestern Luzon. In: D. Hayes (ed.) The tectonics and geological evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands 2, Amer. Geophys. Union, Mon. 27, p. 157-172. Yang, T., T. Lee, C. Chen, S. Cheng, U. Knittel, R. Punongbayan & A. Rasdas (1996)- A double island arc between Taiwan and Luzon: consequence of ridge subduction. Tectonophysics 258, p. 85-101. Yeh, K.Y. (1990)- Taxonomic studies of Triassic radiolaria from Busuanga Island, Philippines. Bull. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci. 2, p. 1-63. Yeh, K.Y. (1992)- Triassic radiolaria from Uson Island, Philippines. Bull. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3, p. 51-91. Yeh, K.Y. & Y.N. Cheng (1996)- Jurassic radiolarians from the Northwest Coast of Busuanga Island, North Palawan Block, Philippines. Micropaleontology 42, 2, p. 93-124. (Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) Tethyan radiolarians from Liminangcong red chert in Palawan olistostrome, N Palawan Block) Yumul, G.P. (1993)- Angat Ophiolitic Complex, Luzon, Philippines: a Cretaceous dismembered marginal basin ophiolitic complex. In: Proc. GEOSEA VII Symposium, Bangkok 1991, J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 529537. Yumul, G.P. (2007)- Westward younging disposition of Philippine ophiolites and its implication for arc evolution. Island Arc 16, 2, p. 306-317. (Ophiolites in Philippines younging W-ward, resulting from CW rotation of Philippine arc system during NWward translation in Eocene, resulting in W boundary collision with Sundaland-Eurasian margin, causing accretion of ophiolites/ melanges along W side. New zonation with four belts: (1) Late Cretaceous ophiolite complexes/ metamorphic soles along E Philippines; (2) Cretaceous dismembered ultramafic-mafic complexes/ melanges exposed W of E Philippines; (3) Cretaceous- Eocene to Oligocene ophiolites, emplaced between Philippine Mobile Belt and Sundaland-Eurasian margin; (4) ophiolite complexes emplaced along continental margins (Palawan and Zamboanga–Sulu). Whole Philippine Mobile Belt, except strike-slip fault bounded Luzon Eocene Zambales ophiolite complex, may be underlain by Cretaceous proto-Philippine Sea Plate fragments) Yumul, G.P., J.V. De Jesus & F.A. Jimenez (2001)- Collision boundaries along the Western Philippine Archipelago. Gondwana Res. 4, p. 837-838. Yumul, G.P. & C.B. Dimalanta (1997)- Geology of the southern Zambales ophiolite complex (Philippines): juxtaposed terranes of diverse origin. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 413-421. Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, D.V. Faustino & J.V. De Jesus (1998)- Translation and docking of an arc terrane: geological and geochemical evidence from the southern Zambales Ophiolite Complex, Philippines. Tectonophysics 293, p. 255-272.


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Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, V.B. Maglambayan & E.J. Marquez (2008)- Tectonic setting of a composite terrane: a review of the Philippine island arc system. Geosciences J. 12, p. 7-17. (online at: www.geosciences-journal.org/home/journal …) (Modern review of Philippines tectonic evolution, as result of interplay of arc magmatism, ophiolite accretion, ocean basin closure and other tectonic processes, related to interaction of four major plates: Sundaland, Philippine Mobile Belt, Philippine Sea and Indo-Australian plate) Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, E.J. Marquez & K.L. Queano (2009)- Onland signatures of the Palawan microcontinental block and Philippine mobile belt collision and crustal growth process: a review. J. Asian Earth Sci. 34, 5, p. 610-623. (Collision of Palawan microcontinent with Philippine mobile belt multiple events with several fragments. Late Early-early M Miocene age (20-16 Ma) for major collision between Palawan indenter and Philippine mobile belt. Collision boundary from N Mindoro through central mountain range swinging E of Sibuyan Island, along Buruanga Peninsula and E side of Antique Ophiolite Complex before connecting with Negros Trench) Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta & R.A. Tamayo (2008)- Indenter-tectonics in the Philippines: example from the Palawan microcontinental block - Philippine Mobile Belt Collision. Resource Geol. 55, 3, p. 189-198. (Aseismic Palawan microcontinental block collided with Philippine Mobile Belt since Early Miocene. Consequently, tectonic microblocks N (Luzon) and S (W Visayas Block) of collision front rotated in opposite senses. Rotation converted adjacent strike-slip faults to subduction zones, the Manila and Negros Trenches) Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, R.A. Tamayo & J.A.L. Barretto (2008)- Contrasting morphological trends of islands in Central Philippines: speculation on their origin. Island Arc 9, 4, p. 627-637. (Palawan microcontinental block collided with Philippine Mobile Belt, resulting in CCW rotation of MindoroMarinduque and CW rotation of Panay. Collision also caused CW rotation of NE Negros, Cebu, NW Masbate and Bohol (W Visayan block), resulting into present-day NE-SW trend. SE Sulu Sea sub-basin is inferred to have undergone CW rotation which can account for E-W magnetic lineations. Paleomagnetic data suggest collision-related rotation commenced during the Early to Middle Miocene and had ceased by Late Miocene) Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, R.A. Tamayo & H. Bellon (2003)- Silicic arc volcanism in Central Luzon, Philippines: characterization of its space, time and geochemical relationship. The Island Arc 12, 2, p. 207-218. Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, R.A. Tamayo & R.C. Maury (2003)- Collision, subduction and accretion events in the Philippines: a synthesis. The Island Arc 12, p. 77-91. (Baguio District in N Luzon, Palawan-Central Philippine region and Mati-Pujada area in SE Mindanao resulted from events related to subduction polarity reversal leading to trench initiation, continent-arc collision and autochthonous oceanic lithosphere emplacement. Baguio District E Miocene trench initiation for E-dipping Manila Trench after Late Oligocene cessation of subduction alongW-dipping proto-East Luzon Trough. Manila Trench initiation attributed to collision of Palawan microcontinental block with Philippine Mobile Belt. Several collision-related accretionary complexes in Palawan- C Philippine region) Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, R.A. Tamayo & R.C. Maury, R.C. Bellon et al. (2004)- Geology of the Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippines: an enigmatic South China continental fragment? In: J. Malpas et al. (eds.) Aspects of the tectonic evolution of China, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 226, p. 289-312. Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, T.A. Tam & E.G.L. Ramos (2008)- Baguio Mineral District: an oceanic arc witness to the geological evolution of northern Luzon, Philippines. Island Arc 17, p. 432-442. (Baguio Mineral District rocks evidence evolution from subduction-related marginal basin to island arc setting. E- M Miocene arc polarity reversal fromE (termination of subduction along proto-E Luzon Trough) to W (initiation of subduction along Manila Trench)) Yumul, G.P., F.T. Jumawan & C.B. Dimalanta (2009)- Geology, geochemistry and chromite mineralization potential of the Amnay ophiolitic complex, Mindoro, Philippines. Resource Geol. 59, 3, p.263-281.


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(Amnay Ophiolitic Complex in Mindoro,is emplaced Cenozoic South China Sea oceanic lithosphere as result of collision between Palawan microcontinental block and Philippine mobile belt. M Oligocene sediments intercalated with MORB-like pillow lavas suggest generation of ophiolite complex in spreading ridge in backarc basin setting. Volcanic rock geochemistry suggests supra-subduction zone ophiolite) Zamoras, L.R., M. Grace, A. Montes, K.L. Queano, E.J. Marquez, C.B. Dimalanta, J.A.S. Gabo & G.P. Yumul (2008)- Buruanga Peninsula and Antique Range: two contrasting terranes in Northwest Panay, Philippines, featuring an arc-continent collision zone. Island Arc 17,4, p. 443-457. (Buruanga peninsula Jurassic pelagics part of ocean plate stratigraphy of N Palawan terrane. Differ from Antique Range M Miocene basaltic to andesitic pyroclastic and lava flow deposits with reefal limestone and arkosic sandstone of Philippine Mobile Belt) Zamoras, L.R. & A. Matsuoka (2001)- Malampaya Sound Group: a Jurassic-Early Cretaceous accretionary complex in Busuanga Island, North Palawan Block (Philippines). J. Geol. Soc. Japan, 107, p. 316-336. (online at: http://dspace.lib.niigata-u.ac.jp:8080/dspace/bitstream/10191/6268/1/10_0010.pdf) (Busuanga Island accretionary complex, collectively called Malampaya Sound Gp, composed of M PermianJurassic chert, M Jurassic- E Cretaceous clastics and various-age limestones, with minor melange bodies. Rocks are off scraped sedimentary deposits from subducted oceanic plate, imbricated during Jurassic- E Cretaceous accretion. Transition from chert to siliceous mudstone to terrigenous elastics indicates change from open ocean to subduction zone sedimentation, and is younging to N) Zamoras, L.R. & A. Matsuoka (2004)- Accretion and post-accretion tectonics of the Calamian Islands, North Palawan Block (Philippines). Island Arc 13, p. 506-519. (Accretionary complex of N Palawan block U Paleozoic-Mesozoic sequences of chert (Liminangcong Fm), clastics (Guinlo Fm) and limestones. Three accretionary belts: North (M Jurassic), Middle (Late Jurassic) and S Busuanga (E Cretaceous). Limestone blocks formed over seamounts became juxtaposed with chert-clastic sequence. Mid-Oligocene seafloor spreading disconnected N Palawan block from Asian mainland. Collision between N Palawan block and Philippine Island Arc in M Miocene generated megafold structure in Calamian Islands as result of CW turn of accretionary belts in eastern Calamian from NE-SW to NW-SE)


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IX.6. South Philippines (Celebes Sea, Sulu Sea, Sandakan) Abando, R.P. & G.H. Ansay (2002)- Sulu Sea- East Palawan Basins: frontier basin case study. Coord. Comm. Geosc. Programs in East and SE Asia, 15p. (at: http://www.ccop.or.th/projects/PPM/Case_Study_Phillipines_files/SuluSeaBasin.pdf) Beddoes, L.R. (1976)- The Balabac Sub-Basin, Southwestern Sulu Sea, Philippines. SEAPEX Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1976, 15, p. 1-22. (Balabac sub-basin rel. Small wrench-faulted M. Miocene- E Pliocene depression in SW Sulu Sea. Underlain by E Miocene deep-water shale, acting as ’acoustic basement’. Overlain by Late Pliocene- Recent shallow water carbonates) Beiersdorf, H. (1993)- Tectonic and sedimentary processes at the submarine Antique Ridge and the accretionary wedge of Negros (Sulu Sea, Philippines): results of an underwater television and photographic survey by R/V Sonne. The Island Arc 3, p. 116-125. Beiersdorf, H., W. Bach, G. Delisle, E. Faber, P. Gerling, K. Hinz et al. (1997)- Age and possible modes of formation of the Celebes Sea basement, and thermal regimes within the accretionary complexes off SW Mindanao and N Sulawesi. In: P. Dheeradilok et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific, IGCP 359 and IGCP 383, Bangkok, p. 369-387. (Floor of E Celebes Sea generated by seafloor spreading. Crustal age of 43 Ma at ODP Sites 767 and 770 allows to place chron 20 along latitude 5° 30' N. Celebes Sea crust moved over hot spot along E-W path which was still active around 40 Ma as age of basalt from hot-spot trace, i.e. seamount chain near latitude 3°N. New anomaly pattern places central seafloor spreading anomaly at 4°N, created possibly at 39 Ma (chron 18). Positive magnetic anomalies N and S of chron 20 identified as chron 21 and provide highest age of E Celebes Sea crust (~48 Ma), and spreading rate of 4 cm/yr. Central seafloor anomaly obscured by NW-trending wrench fault) Bell, R.M. & R.G.C Jessop (1974)- Exploration and geology of the west Sulu Sea, Philippines. Austral. Petrol. Expl. Assoc. (APEA) Journal 14, p. 21-28. Bellon, H. & C. Rangin (1991)- Geochemistry and isotopic dating of Cenozoic volcanic arc sequences around the Celebes and Sulu Seas. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 321-338 (K-Ar ages >50 igneous rocks from onshore Philippines, Sabah and N Sulawesi. Onshore ages 32- near 0 Ma. Two types of island arcs differentiated: those related to progressive closing of Celebes and Sulu marginal basins and those belonging to Philippine Sea Plate) Berner, U. & P. Bertrand (1991)- Light hydrocarbons in sediments of the Sulu Sea basin (Site 768); genetic characterization by molecular and stable isotope composition. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 227-231. Bertrand, P., U. Berner & E. Lallier-Verges (1991)- Organic sedimentation in Celebes and Sulu basins: type of organic matter and evaluation of organic carbon accumulation rates. Proc. Ocean Drilling Progr. 124, Sci. Res. p. 217-225. Betzler, C., A.J. Nederbragt & G.J. Nichols (1991)- Significance of turbidites at Site 767 (Celebes Sea) and Site 768 (Sulu Sea). In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 431-446. (Mio-Pliocene turbidites deposition in Celebes- Sulu Sulu Seas tied to eustatic and tectonic events. Three different types of source of clastic detritus in Celebes Sea Site 767. First stage dominated by mature quartz and quartz-lithic clasts with abundant plant debris, probably reworked from shallowmarine/continental environment with abundant vegetation. Change in source area indicated by paucity of quartz in upper stages of system B and relative abundance of chert and other rock fragments. Third clastic source from volcanic terrain)


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Burton, C.K. (1986)- Geological evolution of the Southern Philippines. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 87-102. Castillo, P.R.. R.U. Solidum & R.S. Punongbayan (2002)- Origin of high field strength element enrichment in the Sulu Arc, Southern Philippines, revisited. Geology 30, p. 707-710. (HFSE enrichment in Sulu Arc lavas unlikely sourced from subducted Sulu Sea basaltic crust, but from melting of a geochemically enriched component in mantle wedge) Desprairies, A., M. Riviere & M. Pubellier (1991)- Diagenetic evolution of Neogene volcanic ashes (Celebes and Sulu Seas). In: E.A.Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 124, p. 489-503. Durkee, E.F. (1993)- Oil, geology and changing concepts in the southwest Philippines (Palawan and the Sulu Sea). In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symp. Tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western margin of the Pacific Basin, 1992, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Spec. Publ. 33, p. 241-262. (Review of oil-gas potential in S Philippines. Palawan shelf Oligocene- E Miocene reef play with proven discoveries in NW. Sulu Sea basins Balabac, Bancauan and Sandakan in SE poorly explored) Fitch, F.H. (1963)- Geological relationship between the Philippines and Borneo. Philippine Geologist 17, 2, p. 41-47. ( (Two major geosynclines from Cretaceous to mid-Tertiary: (1) NW Borneo geosyncline, probably extending NE-ward between Palawan island and Sulu deep rather than in Panay or Negritos; (2) Philippine geosyncline, probably extending SE in E Kalimantan) Fontaine, H., A.A. Amiscaray & J.R. Sta. Cruz (1987)- Note on the Cuyo Archipelago, Sulu Sea, Philippines. Proc. 22nd Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Guangzhou 1985, 2, p. 333-339. (Cuyo Archipelago in N part Sulu Sea formed by Pre-Tertiary metamorphosed limestones and radiolarite, intruded by M Miocene (15 Ma) diorite. Locally overlain by Quaternary basalts) Graves, J.E. & D.A. Swauger (1997)- Petroleum systems of the Sandakan Basin, Philippines. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems SE Asia & Australia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 799-813. (Geochemical analyses reveal mid-Miocene mixed oil-gas prone marginal marine mudstones. Distribution of hydrocarbon indicators on seismic suggests marginal marine source, along with migration-bounding listric normal faults, limit significant hydrocarbon entrapment to distal delta complex. Extensive Miocene uplift, erosion, and redistribution of Eocene-Oligocene Crocker Fm siliciclastics account for most of Sandakan Basin fill. Stacked 5-30 m thick sandstone reservoirs, with expected 20-25% porosity and 200-500 mD perm at target depths. Structures include normal faults, shale diapirs and ridges, and distal toe-of-slope compressional folds and thrusts, all probably formed in response to rapid sedimentation rates (1m/1000 yr)). Hinz, K., M. Block, H.R. Kudrass & H. Meyer (1991)- Structural elements of the Sulu Sea, Philippines. Geol. Jahrbuch A 127, p. 483-506. Hsu, V., H. Shibuya & D.L. Merrill (1991)- Paleomagnetic study of deep-sea sediments from the Cagayan Ridge in the Sulu Sea: results of Leg 124. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 511-516. (Sulu Sea Cagayan Ridge is volcanic arc that became inactive around 18 Ma. Soft sediment cover shows no noticeable rotation/ migration in paleomag data for last 9 My, suggesting spreading of Sulu Sea backarc basin did not cause rotation. Nearby Philippine Islands and Celebes Sea did have CCW rotation in their history) Huang, Z., F.M. Gradstein & K.E. Louden (1991)- Subsidence and sedimentation analysis of marginal basins: Celebes Sea and Sulu Sea, Leg 124, Sites 767 and 768. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 399-408.


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(Celebes Sea Site 767: Basalts from normal MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt),overlain by M Eocene oceanic reddish brown claystones. Sulu Sea Site 768: Intra-arc or back arc E Miocene age basalt transitional between MORB and island-arc tholeites, overlain by thin E Miocene oceanic brown/red claystone, then ~200m of pumice-rich marine tuffs, overlain by ~800m M Miocene- Recent pelagic sediments) Hutchison, C.S. (1992)- The Southeast Sulu Sea, a Neogene marginal basin with outcropping extensions in Sabah. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 32, p. 89-108. Hutchison, C.S. (ed.), R. Sukamto, A.P. Madrid & C.S. Hutchison et al. (1995)- Studies in East Asian tectonics and resources (SEATAR), Crustal transect VIII, South China-Sulu-Sulawesi-Maluku-Philippine seas. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 20, p. 1-45. Jaffe, L.A., D.R. Hilton, T.P. Fischer & U. Hartono (2004)- Tracing magma sources in an arc-arc collision zone: Helium and carbon isotope and relative abundance systematics of the Sangihe Arc, Indonesia. Geochem., Geoph. Geosyst., AGU, 5, 4, 17 p. Jezek, P.A., D.J. Whitford & J.B. Gill (1981)- Geochemistry of recent lavas from the Sangihe-Sulawesi arc, Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) Geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 383-389. John, T.U. (1963)- Geology and mineral deposits of East- Central Balabac island, Palawan Province, Philippines. Economic Geol. 58, 1, p. 107-130. (Balabac, SW-most island of Philippines, comprises Upper Cretaceous- Lower Eocene chert-spilite formation, highly deformed with serpentinite masses, and Miocene Balabac sandstone. Structural trends similar to nearby N Borneo Kudat Peninsula. Lorraine pyrite-chalcopyrite ore body in bedded cherts near Espina Point) Kaminski, M.A. & Z. Huang (1991)- Biostratigraphy of Eocene to Oligocene deep water agglutinated foraminifers in the red clays from Site 767, Celebes Sea. Proc. Ocean Drill. Progr., Sci. Res. 124, p. 171-180. (Deep water Eocene-Oligocene agglutinated benthic foraminifera in Celebes Sea ODP site 767 cores similar to assemblages in Carpathians and Atlantic Ocean. Basal assemblage probably Early Eocene age, suggesting underlying oceanic crust Early Eocene age or older) Koaler, F.C., D. Almogela, P. Estupigan, N.F. Exon, M. Hartmann, P.J. Muller & M.J. Whiticar (1979)- The Sulu Sea Basin: R.V. Valdivia cruise report and preliminary results. CCOP Newsl. 6, 1, p. 43-52. Kopp, C., E.R. Flueh & S. Neben (1999)- Rupture and accretion of the Celebes Sea crust related to the NorthSulawesi subduction: combined interpretation of reflection and refraction seismic measurements. J. Geodyn. 27, p. 309-325. (New seismic suggests N Sulawesi accretionary wedge entirely sedimentary. Celebes Sea typical oceanic crust, but thickens from 7 to 12 km below accretionary wedge) Krause, D.C. (1966)- Tectonics, marine geology, and bathymetry of the Celebes Sea- Sulu Sea region. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 77, p. 813-818. (Rel. dated paleobathymetry maps Celebes Sea and surrounding seas) Ku, Y.P. C.H. Chen, S.R. Song, Y. Iizuka & J.S. Shen (2009)- Late Quaternary explosive volcanic activities of the Mindanao-Molucca Sea collision zone in the Western Pacific as inferred from marine tephrostratigraphy in the Celebes Sea. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 20, 4, p. 587-605. (Long piston core from E Celebes Sea basin provides high resolution 350 kyr marine tephrostratigraphy: 65 tephra layers, probably from volcanoes in Mindanao-Molucca Sea collision zone (S Philippine, Sangehi and Halmahera Arcs). Declining trend of explosive volcanism after ~180 ka, Late M Pleistocene. Shoshonitic volcanism in C Mindanao became extinct at ~151 ka, much younger than reported)


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Kudrass H.R., P. Muller, H. Kreuzer & W. Weiss (1990)- Volcanic rocks and Tertiary carbonates dredged from the Cagayan Ridge and the Southwest Sulu Sea, Philippines. In: Proc. ODP, Init. Repts. 124, p. 93-100. Kudrass H.R., M. Wiedicke, P. Cepek, H. Kreuzer & P. Muller (1986)- Mesozoic and Cainozoic rocks dredged from the South China Sea (Reed Bank area) and Sulu Sea and their significance for plate-tectonic reconstructions. Marine Petrol. Geol. 3, 1, p. 19-30. (Dredging and coring in S China Sea and Sulu Sea. Late Triassic deltaic sandstones with plant remains are oldest sediments recovered. Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous metamorphism indicated by schists on NW flanks Reed Bank. These rocks, with gabbro, diorite, dacite, rhyolite and siliceous shale prove Dangerous Grounds and Reed Bank underlain by continental fragment. During seafloor spreading in S China Sea Late Oligocene- E Miocene carbonate platform developed on this SW-drifting continental fragment, which subsided in M Miocene. M Miocene andesite and E-M Miocene reefal carbonates recovered from Cagayan Ridge in Sulu Sea) Lallemand, S.E., M. Popoff, J.P. Cadet, A.G. Bader, M. Pubellier, C. Rangin & B. Deffontaines (1998)- Genetic relations between the central and southern Philippine Trench and the Sangihe Trench. J. Geophys. Res. 103, B1, p. 933-950. Lewis, S.D. (1991)- Geophysical setting of the Sulu and Celebes Seas. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 65-73. (Celebes Sea oceanic basement mainly Middle Eocene age; Sulu Sea younger, late E to early M Miocene) Mascle, A. & P.A. Biscarrat (1978)- The Sulu Sea: a marginal basin in Southeast Asia. In J. S. Watkins, L. Montadert & P.W. Dickerson (eds.) Geological and geophysical investigations of the continental margins. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Mem. 29, p. 373-381. (Sulu Sea marginal sea with two basin types: (1) Outer Sulu Sea basin, formed inside old Palawan island arc ; (2) Inner Sulu Sea basin with oceanic crust. It is fringed to SE and E by active margin, the remains of larger Tertiary active margin which extended along W side of Philippines from Luzon to Negros and perhaps from Sulu Archipelago to NE part of Sabah) Metzger E.J. & H.E. Hurlburt (1996)- Coupled dynamics of the South China Sea, the Sulu Sea and the Pacific Ocean. J. Geoph. Res. 101, p. 12331-12352. (On water circulation in S China Sea, Sulu Sea, and area around Philippine Islands) Mubandi, Andri S.S., Y.S. Djajadihardja & B.M. Ganie (1999)- Petrogenesis of basic igneous rock of the Celebes Sea Basement. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 113-120. Muller, C.M. (1991)- Biostratigraphy and geological evolution of the Sulu Sea and surrounding area. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 121-131. Murauchi, S., W.J. Ludwig, N. Den, H. Hotta, T. Asanuma et al. (1973)- Structure of the Sulu Sea and the Celebes Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 78, 17, p. 3437-3447. (Seismic refraction profiles through Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea marginal basins) Nagasaka, K., J. Francheteau & T. Kishii (1970)- Terrestrial heat flow in the Celebes and Sulu Seas. Marine Geophysical Res. 1, p. 99-103. Nederbragt, A.J. (1991)- Distribution and preservation of Cenozoic planktonic foraminifers from the Celebes and Sulu seas, Leg 124. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Res. 124, p. 159-170. (Celebes Sea sites 770 and 767 M Eocene- Recent pelagic carbonates and marls on late M Eocene mid-oceanic ridge basalts. Sulu Sea late E Miocene- Recent sediment, with pelagic carbonates only in Late Pliocene and Pleistocene, suggesting falls in carbonate compesation depths at ~3.5 Ma, 2.4 Ma, 1.6 Ma, etc.) Nichols, G., C. Betzler, G. Brass, Z. Huang, B. Linsley, D. Merril, C. Muller et al. (1990)- Depositional history of the Sulu Sea from ODP Sites 768, 769 and 771. Geoph. Res. Lett. 17, 11, p. 2065-2068.


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(ODP Site 768 in SE sub-basin and Sites 769 and 771 on flanks of Cagayan Ridge. SuIu Basin originated in late E Miocene (~18.8 Ma) in backarc setting. Cagayan Ridge was site of E- early M Miocene arc volcanism with thick andesitic to basaltic volcaniclastics. Basin center E Miocene pelagic sequence interrupted by rhyoliticdacitic pyroclastic flows. M-L Miocene sedimentation more continental, with thick quartz-rich turbidites. Decrease in supply from arc and continental sources and Late Pliocene change in carbonate compensation depth resulted in Late Pliocene- Pleistocene pelagic carbonate deposition) Nichols, G. & R. Hall (1999)- History of Celebes Sea basin based on its stratigraphic and sedimentological record. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 47-59. (Oceanic Celebes Sea Basin between N. Borneo and N. Sulawesi opened in late M Eocene, same age as W Philippine Sea: part of same system ?) Oda, H., H. Shibuya & V. Hsu (2000)- Palaeomagnetic records of the Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition from ODP Leg 124 (Celebes and Sulu seas). Geophys. J. Int. 142, p. 319-338. (Palaeomagnetic records of Brunhes/Matuyama geomagnetic polarity transition (0.78 Ma) in deep-sea sediment cores of ODP Leg 124 in Celebes and Sulu seas) Oke, B., J. Keall, P. Carroll, R. Noble & T. Setzer (2004)- Zebra Prospect- reading between the stripes. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., DFE04- OR-048, 13p. (Sandakan Basin off N Borneo Pliocene seismic amplitude anomalies corresponded to uneconomic, thin, gasbearing, very fine sand-silt units) Pederson, S.L. (1996)- Hydrocarbon potential, Southwest Sulu Sea, Philippines. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 587-594. Poblete, R.G. & A.A. Morado (1999)- The NW Sulu Sea Basin, Philippines: an attractive frontier area for petroleum exploration. Palawan 99, 12 p. Pouclet, A., M. Pubellier & P. Spadea (1991)- Volcanic ash from Celebes and Sulu Sea basins off the Philippines (Leg 124): petrography and geochemistry. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al., Proc. Ocean Driiling Program ODP, Sci. Results 124, p. 467-487. (Volcanic material in deep-sea sediments Late Oligocene (32, 25 Ma) in Celebes Sea and Miocene (18, 10 Ma) in Sulu Sea. All ash compositions calc-alkaline and arc-related. Three Plio-Quaternary sequences of basic to acidic lava suites. Last pulse in Late Pleistocene) Pubellier, M., P. Spadea, A. Pouclet, R. Solidum et al. (1991)- Correlations of tephras in Celebes and Sulu Sea basins; constraints on geodynamics. In: E.A.Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 459-465. Rabinowitz, P.D., F.H. Syed & R. McCabe (1998)- Gravity studies across the Sula Arc. Proc. Offshore Technology Conference, Houston 1998, 1, p. 647-656. Three models proposed for tectonic origin of Sulu and Celebes Seas basins: trapped fragments of oceanic plate, back-arc spreading, and rifting from SE Asia margin. Basins are separated by shallow partly emerged Sulu volcanic Ridge extending from W Mindano to NE Borneo. Gravity observations across Sulu Arc and adjacent basinal structures consistent with concept that subduction zones exist along both flanks of Sulu Arc and also that extinct spreading centers exist in both Sulu and Celebes Seas) Rangin, C. (1989)- The Sulu Sea, a back-arc basin setting within a Neogene collision zone. Tectonophysics 161, p. 119-141. (SE Sulu Sea small oceanic basin that opened in M Miocene in back-arc setting along Sundaland margin during subduction of Celebes Sea plate beneath Sulu arc. Back-arc extension post-dates early M Miocene compression. Progressive, still incomplete closing of basin, initiated in Late Miocene, result of collision of exotic terranes


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with Sundaland margin, which also induced flipping of the Sulu subduction zone. Evolution of Sulu Sea modern example of how young oceanic crust can be incorporated in orogenic belt. Nice geologic cross-sections) Rangin, C. (1991)- Southeast Asian marginal basins (South China, Sulu and Celebes Seas): new data and interpretations. CCOP Techn. Publ. 24, 25th Anniv. Vol., p. 156- 174. (Celebes and S China Seas rifted from Asian continental margin in Paleogene. Proto-South China Sea, now completely subducted, probably had same origin. Paleogene was period of intense stretching of Eurasian margin and opening of marginal basins, Neogene corresponds to progressive subduction of these oceanic basins) Rangin, C. & E.A. Silver (1991)- Geological setting of the Celebes and Sulu Sea. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Init. Rept. 124, p. 35-42. (Celebes and Sulu Seas are deep restricted basins between Borneo and Philippine Archipelago. They are part of succession of trending NE subparallel oceanic basins. Separating basins from S China to Banda are ridges such as Cagayan Ridge, Palawan and Sulu archipelagos, arms of Sulawesi, and Sula platform) Rangin, C. & E.A. Silver (1991)- Neogene tectonic evolution of the Celebes-Sulu basins: new insights from Leg 124 drilling. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Res. 124, p. 51-63. (Synthetic cross section from S China Sea to Sulawesi, and correlation of major magmatic and tectonic events. Basins and their margins (Celebes-Sulu block) collided with rifted margin of China (Reed Bank) around 16 Ma. Submarine pyroclastics emplacement coincided with this collision. Sulu Basin probably opened in back-arc position for Cagayan volcanic arc in Early Miocene. Incipient closing of Sulu and Celebes basins still active) Rangin, C., E. Silver and Leg 124 Team (1989)- Forages dans les bassins marginaux du SE Asiatique: resultats preliminaires du leg 124 (Ocean Drilling Program), C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 307, Ser. II, p. 1333-1339. ('Wells in the marginal basins of SE Asia: preliminary results of ODP Leg 124') Rangin, C., E. Silver, M.T. von Breymann et al. (eds.) (1990)- Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 124, College Station, Tx, p. . (Sulu and Celebes Sea ODP wells and studies) Roeser, H.A. (1991)- Age of the crust of the Southeast Sulu Sea basin based on magnetic anomalies and age determined at Site 768. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 339-343. (Age of Sulu Sea oceanic crust at ODP site 768 about 17-15 Ma. Magnetic anomalies rel. weak and not parallel to Palawan/ Cagayan Ridge/ Sulu Archipelago, but suggest N-S spreading direction. Sulu Sea probably started to open at 30-35 Ma (E. Oligocene). Spreading continued until 10 Ma (Late Miocene). Most oceanic crust already subducted) Scherer, R.P. (1991)- Radiolarians of the Celebes Sea, Leg 124, Sites 767 and 770. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 345-357. (Celebes Sea ODP Sites 767 and 770 brown clays over basalt at both sites contain radiolarians of late M Eocene Podocyrtis chalara Zone. No Late Eocene radiolarians due to probable hiatus or condensed section. Oligocene represented by Theocyrtis tuberosa and Dorcadospyris ateuchus zones. Pelagic sedimentation until E Miocene, when sedimentation became strongly influenced by continentally derived material) Scherer, R.P. (1991)- Miocene radiolarians of the Sulu Sea, Leg 124. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 359-368. Schluter, H.U., M. Block, K. Hinz, S. Neben, D. Seidel & Y. Djajadihardja (2001)-Neogene sediment thickness and Miocene basin-floor fan systems of the Celebes Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 18, 7, p. 849-861. (M Miocene turbidites correlated from ODP site 767 throughout Celebes Sea basin study area. Two source areas: M Miocene fans of C and S Celebes Sea basin controlled by paleo-Tarakan Delta system, tectonic events and basin floor morphology. Main source area along S Sulu Arc assumed to be Mindanao. Correlations suggest


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post-M Miocene to pre-Pliocene age for Cotabato Trench accretionary wedge and Plio-Pleistocene age for N Sulawesi subduction wedge) Schluter, H. U., K. Hinz, & M. Block (1996)- Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea. Marine Geol. 130, p. 39-78. (Five main tectono-stratigraphic terranes defined for S China Sea and four for Sulu Sea. Dangerous Grounds, Reed Bank, Palawan-NW Borneo Trough and Palawan Island continental terranes, developed on proto-China margin by simple shearing in Late Cretaceous-E Paleocene) Serri, G., P. Spadea, L. Beccaluva, L. Civetta, M. Coltorti et al. (1991)- Petrology of igneous rocks from the Celebes Sea basement. In: E.A.Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 271-296. (ODP Site 770 basaltic basement below M Eocene radiolarian-bearing red clays drilled for 106 mainly pillow lavas and pillow breccias, intercalated with massive amygdaloidal lavas. Two dolerite sills also recognized. All rocks studied show effect of low-temperature seafloor alteration, causing almost total replacement of olivine and glass. Textural and mineralogical features and crystallization sequences analogous to primitive or weakly fractionated mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORBs). No detectable influence of subduction-related component) Shibuya, H., V. Hsu, D. Merrill & ODP Leg 124 scientists (1989)- Paleomagnetic results of ODP Leg 124, Celebes and Sulu Seas. EOS 70, 43, p. 1365. Shibuya H, D.L. Merill, V. Hsu & Leg 124 party (1991)- Paleogene counterclockwise rotation of the Celebes Sea-orientation of ODP cores utilizing the secondary magnetization. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Res. 124, p. 519-523. (Paleomag work suggesting Celebes Sea rotated up to 60 degrees CCW between M Eocene and Late Oligocene. No rotation is indicated after Late Oligocene) Shyu, J.P. D. Merrill, V. Hsu, M.A. Kaminski, C.M. Muller, A.J. Nederbragt et al. (1991)- Biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic synthesis of the Celebes and Sulu Seas. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 11-35. (Summary of ODP Leg 124 late M Eocene- Quaternary biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic studies) Shyu, J.P. & C.M. Mueller (1991)- Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Celebes and Sulu Seas. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 133-159. (Sites 767 and 771 in Celebes Sea post-Oligocene sediments below carbonate compensation depth (CCD) and calcareous nannofossils recovered only from turbidites. From late M Eocene to Late Oligocene Site 771 was above CCD and accumulated pelagic clay. Highest occurrence of Chiasmolithus grandis just above basement and indicates late M Eocene age for Celebes Basin. In SE Sulu Basin nannofossils preserved only in post- early M Miocene. Base Gephyrocapsa oceanica s.l. closest datum to top Olduvai paleomagnetic event and most suitable biohorizon for approximating Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary in Celebes and Sulu Seas) Silver, E.A. & C. Rangin (1989)- Celebes and Sulu marginal basins: constraints from ODP Leg 124. EOS Transactions, AGU, 70, p. 1365. Silver, E.A. & C. Rangin (1991)- Leg 124 tectonic synthesis. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 3-9. (Plate tectonic setting of M Eocene Celebes Sea oceanic crust ambiguous, but do not favor origin as fragment of Indian Ocean or W Philippine Sea plates. We cannot exclude an origin as fragment of mostly subducted Molucca Sea Plate or basin rifted from edge of E Asian mainland. Sulu Sea likely to formed by back-arc spreading behind Cagayan Ridge in E Miocene. Cessation of spreading in Sulu Sea and volcanic activity on Cagayan Ridge were coeval, possibly related to collision between Palawan and Cagayan ridges) Silver, E.A. & C. Rangin (1991)- Development of the Celebes Basin in the context of Western Pacific marginal basin history. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 39- 49.


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(Celebes Sea marginal basin origin still uncertain.Little paleomagnetic evidence of latitudinal change. Clay minerals no change from red to green claystones. Eocene-Oligocene sediments indicate open ocean origin for early basin history. If formed by rifting of edge of SE Asia, it did so without terrigenous input and allowed free interchange with ocean waters. Celebes Sea presently subducting, as are many W Pacific marginal basins) Silver, E.A. & C. Rangin (1996)- Origin and history of the Sulu and Celebes basins: ODP Leg 124. In: G.P. Salisbury & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Fifth Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf. Trans., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publ. Co., Houston, p. 51-60. Smith R.B., G.W. Betzler, G.W. Brass, Z. Huang et al. and Leg 124 Scientific Party (1990)- Depositional history of the Celebes Sea from ODP Sites 767 and 770. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 11, p. 2065-2068. (Sites 767 and 770 in N Celebes Sea reached late M Eocene basaltic basement. From late M Eocene to Early Miocene pelagic sedimentation prevailed with little influence from continental or volcanic arc sources First major continental influence in M Miocene time as thick sequence of quartzose turbidites on basin floor, possibly in response to M Miocene orogeny in N Borneo.Late Miocene arc volcanism began to contribute hemipelagic sediments and ash layers and remained dominant sediment to present. Celebes Sea now surrounded by volcanic arcs, but absence of volcanoclastics in Eocene- E Miocene suggests basin did not form by back-arc spreading) Smith R.B., M. von Breymann & Z. Huang (1991)- Site backtracking and the Eocene- Oligocene calcite compensation depth in the Celebes Sea. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Res. 124, p.447-457. (Oceanic crust at Sites 767 and 770 in N Celebes Sea overlain by Eocene-Oligocene pelagic sediments. Brown clay accumulated below the calcite compensation depth (CCD) at deeper Site 767 throughout this time interval. Shallower Site 770 brief episode of non-calcareous clay deposition in earliest Oligocene, indicating abrupt lowering of the CCD by 500m, synchronous with drop in CCD in Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, showing open deep-water connections between Celebes Sea and Pacific or Indian Oceans in Eocene-Oligocene) Smith, T.E., C.H. Huang & F.G. Sajona, (1991)- Geochemistry and petrogenesis of basalts from Holes 767C, 770B and 770C, Celebes Sea. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Res. 124, p. 311-320. (Compositionally Celebes Sea basalts very similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts. Celebes Sea interpreted as fragment of basement of Jurassic Argo abyssal plain trapped during Eocene (most unlikely; HvG)). Spadea, P., M. D'Antonio & M.F. Thirlwall (2004)- Source characteristics of the basement rocks from the Sulu and Celebes Basins (Western Pacific): chemical and isotopic evidence. Contr. Min. Petrol. 123, 2, p. 159-176. (Sulu Basin developed ~18 Ma as backarc basin, associated with Cagayan Ridge Arc. Celebes Sea Basin formed ~43 Ma, subsequently developing as open ocean until M Miocene. In both basins late M Miocene collision and Late Miocene onset of volcanic activity on adjacent arcs. Sulu and Celebes Sea Basins basalts isotopically similar to depleted Indian MORB, and distinct from E Pacific Rise MORB. Signature possibly inherited by Indian Ocean mantle during rupture of Gondwanaland, when fragments of this mantle may have migrated to position of Celebes, Sulu and Cagayan sources) Subandrio, A.S., Y. Jayadiharja & B.M. Ganie (1999)- Petrogenesis of basaltic rock of Celebes Sea floor. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. . Tamesis, E.V. (1990)- Petroleum geology of the Sulu Sea Basin, Philippines. Proc. South East Asia Petroleum Exploration Society (SEAPEX) 9, p. 45-54. (also as: Proc. 8th Offshore South East Asia Conference, OSEA 90174, Singapore 1990, p. 109-118) (Sulu Sea several NE trending sub-basins (NW and SW Suala) and three W Sulu small basins on Sabah shelf (Balabac, Bancauan, Sandakan. W Sulu Sea 21 wells. Basins inception in Late Paleogene, followed by Neogene subsidence. Miocene- Pliocene fluvio-deltaics with oil and gas shows and Pliocene regional marine transgression with Lape Piocene- Pleistocene carbonate deposition)


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Trinidad N.D. & R.T. Barcelona (1999)- Notes on the geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Sibutu block, southern Philippines. In: Proc. Palawan’99 Int. Conf. Tectonics, stratigraphy and petroleum and mineral systems of Palawan, Borneo and surrounding areas, Palawan Island, Philippines, 8 p. Van der Kaars, W.A. (1991)- Palynological aspects of Site 767 in the Celebes Sea. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program ODP, Sci. Results 124, p. 369-374. (Palynological study of ODP Site 767 in Celebes Sea indicates presence of extensive wetlands in area in M and Late Miocene. At start of Late Pleistocene montane vegetation expanded, probably due to tectonic upheaval) Walker, T. R., A.F. Williams, D. Wong, M. Kadir, A. Khair & R.H.F. Wong (1992)- Hydrocarbon potential of the southern Sandakan Basin, Eastern Sabah, Malaysia. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015. (Abstract only) (Sandakan Basin is largest of three basins in SW Sulu Sea, with up to 6-8 km of Lower Miocene -Recent sediments. Complex history involving Paleogene arc tectonism and subbasin formation punctuated by obduction and transpressional events. Deltaic sedimentation with outer shelf reef growth characterized Neogene; reservoir and intra-formational seals are ubiquitous. Source rocks are deltaics, similar to Baram and Mahakam deltas. 15 exploration wells, 11 of these invalid tests. Similarities in stratigraphic and structural style between Baram Delta and Sandakan Basin suggest significant hydrocarbon potential) Weissel, J.K. (1980)- Evidence for Eocene oceanic crust in the Celebes Basin. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands- I. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 23, p. 37-47. (Celebes Sea magnetic lineations mapped as anomalies 18-20, suggesting oceanic crust is of Eocene age) Zehui, H., F.M. Gradstein & K.E. Louden (1991)- Subsidence and sedimentation analysis of marginal basins: Celebes Sea and Sulu Sea, Leg 124, sites 767 and 768. In: Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 399-407.


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IX.7. Australia NW Shelf AGSO NW Shelf Study Group (1994)- Deep reflections on the North West Shelf: changing perceptions of basin formation. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 63(Australian NW shelf main basin forming events: (1) Late Devonian- E Carboniferous extension, creating NE trending Fitzroy Trough and Petrel Basin;, (2) mid-Carboniferous- E Permian major extension, creating Westralian superbasin with thick Permo-Triassic 'sag-phase' deposits; (3) Late Triassic- Early Jurassic transpressional reactivation creating M-L Jurassic source rock depocenters and uplifting adjacent blocks) Ambrose, G.J. (2004)- Jurassic sedimentation in the Bonaparte and northern Browse basins: new models for reservoir- source rock development, hydrocarbon charge and entrapment. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Surv, p. 125-142. Ambrose, G. (2006)- Untested hydrocarbon column in Thornton-1 in the Timor Sea encourages a Plover ‘deep’ oil play. PESA News 80, p. (Plover Unit C lower delta plain coaly probably good source facies; Possible thin oil-bearing sands in Plover Unit B in Thornton 1 (= below Toarcian mfs)) Amir, V., R. Hall & C.F. Elders (2010)- Structural evolution of the Northern Bonaparte Basin, Northwest Shelf Australia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-210, 17p. (Structural interpretation of N Bonaparte Sahul Platform-Laminaria High from 3D seismic. Three main stages: 1. M Triassic? extension (NNE-SSW trending normal faults); 2. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rifting (breakup event; E-W to ENE-WSW trending normal faults; and 3. Neogene Australia-Banda Arc continental collision in Timor (NE-SW trending faults). Extension during Late Jurassic rifting was about half that of Triassic phase) Anderson, A.D., M.S. Durham & A.J. Sutherland (1993)- The integration of geology and geophysics to post-well evaluations- example from Beluga 1, offshore N Australia. APEA J. 33, 1, p. 15-21. Apthorpe, M. (1988)- Cainozoic depositional history of the North West Shelf. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The Northwest Shelf of Australia. Proc. PESA NW Shelf Symposium, Perth 1988. Apthorpe, M.C. (1979)- Depositional history of the Upper Cretaceous of the Northwest Shelf based upon foraminifera. APEA J. 19, 1, p. 74-89. Apthorpe, M. (1994)- Towards an Early to Middle Jurassic palaeogeography for the North West Shelf: A marine perspective. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 201-210. Apthorpe, M. (2003)- Early to lowermost Middle Triassic Foraminifera from the Locker Shale of Hampton-1 well, Western Australia. J. Micropalaeont. 22, 1, p. 1-27. (Marine smaller foraminifera from 350 m shale section from upper Lower Triassic to lowermost M Triassic (Spathian-Lower Anisian), off W Australia. Differs from coeval fauna from same area (Heath & Apthorpe, 1986). New fauna contains some ‘Tethyan’ genera, previously recorded from S China and Alps, including Duostomina, Krikoumbilica, Gsollbergella, Trocholina, Endothyra and Endothyranella) Archbold, N.W. (1988)- Permian brachiopoda and bivalvia from Sahul Shoals No. 1, Ashmore Block, Northwestern Australia. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 100, p. 33-38. Archbold N. W (1998)- Correlations of the Western Australian Permian and Permian Ocean circulation patterns. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria. 110, 1-2, p. 85-106. (18 brachiopod zones in Permian, but only 4 in Bonaparte Basin; speculations on Permian paleo-circulation)


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Archbold N.W. (1998)- Marine biostratigraphy and correlation of the West Australian Permian basins. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2: Proc. Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia Symposium, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 2, p. 141-151. (Marine Permian strata of the onshore Perth, Carnarvon, Canning and Bonaparte basins traditionally correlated with other sequences by means of marine invertebrate faunas. Brachiopods in particular evolved rapidly and were abundant in the Western Australian marine Permian. An integrated sequence of seventeen brachiopod zones ranging in age from the Early Permian (Asselian) to Late Permian (Dzhulfian) occurs in W Australia) Archbold, N.W. (2000)- Palaeobiogeography of the Australasian Permian. Mem. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont. 23, p. 287-310. (In Permian present Australian continent was part of E Gondwana which itself was S region of Pangaea. Australia was surrounded by elements of New Zealand to the E and SE, New Caledonia to the SE, Irian Jaya to the N, Timor and the Cimmerian continental fragments to the NW, S Tibet, the Himalaya and Peninsular India to the W and SW and Antarctica to the S.) Archbold, N.W. (2002)- Peri-Gondwanan Permian correlations: the Meso-Tethyan margins. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 223- 240. (Permian of 16 regions of NE Gondwana compared with Australian continent. Palaeoclimatic changes and tectonic events: (1) Asselian- E Artinskian change from cold to temperate environments, associated with basaltic volcanism and initial rifting of peripheral N Gondwanan margin; (2) Late Artinskian-Kungurian warming with onset of carbonate deposition in several Cimmerian terranes. Basaltic volcanism in several terranes indicative of rifting and opening of Meso-Tethys; (3). Roadian (Late Ufimian) and (4) Wordian-Capitanian: widespread, subtropical, marine carbonates on Cimmerian blocks as they drifted N and on N parts of Meso-Tethys S margin. Equivalent carbonates in subsurface W Australia. Andesitic volcanism in E Australia; (5) Wuchiapingian: marine transgressions extending into NW basins of Australia; (6) Changhsingian: minor marine transgressive events in Trans-Himalaya with Selong section of Tibet most complete Permo-Triassic for S Meso-Tethys margin) Archbold, N.W. & T. Hogeboom (2000)- Subsurface brachiopoda from borehole cores through the Early Permian sequence of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: correlations with palynological biostratigraphy. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 112, p. 93-109. (Early Permian brachiopods from five wells in onshore Carnarvon Basin, tied to spore-pollen zonation) Archbold, N.W., J. M. Dickins & G.A. Thomas (1993)- Correlation and age of Permian marine faunas in Western Australia. Geol. Survey Western Australia Bull. 136, p. 11-18. Arditto, P.A. (1996)- A sequence stratigraphic study of the Callovian fluvio-deltaic to marine succession within the ZOCA region. Australian Petroleum Prod. Expl. Assoc. J. 36, p. 269-283. Backhouse, J. (1998)- Palynological correlation of the Western Australian Permian. In: G.R. Shi, N.W. Archbold & M. Grover (eds.) Strzelecki Int. Symp. Permian of eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria. 110, p. 107-114. (10 palynozones in Permian Canning, Carnarvon, Perth, Bonaparte Basins) Baillie, P.W., C.M. Powell, Z.X. Li & A.M. Ryall (1994)- Tectonic framework of Western Australia’s Neoproterozoic to Recent sedimentary basins. In P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia. Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp., Perth 1994, p. 45-62. Baird, R.A. & R.P. Philip (1988)- Hydrocarbon potential of the Upper Jurassic/ Lower Cretaceous of the Australian NW shelf. J. Petrol. Geol. 11, 2, p. 125-140. (Source-rock richness, timing of hydrocarbon generation, and thicknesses of potential source shales of Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous section of NW Shelf used for predictions hydrocarbon potential in Browse Basin, Malita Graben/NW Bonaparte Gulf Basin, Rowley Sub-basin, and Vulcan Sub-basin/Sahul Syncline)


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Baker, C., A. Potter, M. Tran & A. Heap (2008)- Sedimentology and geomorphology of the North-West marine region of Australia: a spatial analysis. Geoscience Australia Record 2008/7, p. 1-237. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA11484.pdf) Bal, A.A., J.D. Prosser & T.J. Magee (2002)- Sedimentology of the Mungaroo Formation in the Echo-Yodel Field: a borehole image perspective. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp., Perth 2002, p. 661-685. (Cross-bedding in Norian Mungaroo deltaics suggests sediment dispersal dominantly from NE to SE) Bann, K.L., O. Kloss, G.R. Wood et al. (2004)- Palaeoenvironments and depositional history of the Tern Field, Bonaparte Basin. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 521-536. Barber, P. (1988)- The Exmouth Plateau deepwater frontier: a case study. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North West Shelf, Australia, Proc. Petrol Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth, p. 173-187. Barber, P. (1994)- Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous depositional systems of the Dampier sub-basin- quo vadis ? APEA J. 34, 1, p. 566-585. Baxter, K. (1998)- The role of small-scale extensional faulting in the evolution of basin geometries. An example from the late Palaeozoic Petrel Sub-basin, northwest Australia. Tectonophysics 287, p. 21-41. Baxter, K., G.Y. Cooper, K.C. Hill & G.W. O’Brien (1999)- Late Jurassic subsidence and margin evolution in the Vulcan Sub-basin, north-west Australia: constraints from basin modeling. Basin Res. 11, 2, p. 97-111. (Vulcan Sub-basin developed during Late Jurassic extension. S part characterized by large, discrete normal faults and deep sub-basins, more distributed, small-scale faulting further N and development of broader, 'sagged' basin geometry. Upper crustal faulting represents up to 10% extension, not balanced by extension in deeper lithosphere; the magnitude of this deeper extension is evidenced by amount of post-Valanginian thermal subsidence. Lower crustal and lithosphere stretching may reflect long-wavelength strain partitioning associated with continental breakup, which may have extended 300–500 km landward of continent-ocean boundary) Beardsmore, G.R. & P.B. O’Sullivan (1995)- Uplift and erosion on the Ashmore Platform, North West Shelf: conflicting evidence from maturation indicators. APEA J. 1995, 35, p. 333-343. Beere, G. M. (1984)- The Waggon Creek Formation- an Early Carboniferous submarine fan deposit in the Bonaparte Gulf Basin. Geol. Survey of Western Australia Prof. Pap. report 12, p. 7-14. Belford, D.J. (1968)- Stratigraphy and micropalaeontology of the Upper Cretaceous of Western Australia. Geol. Rundschau 47, 2, p. 629-647. Belton, D.X., R.W. Brown, B.P. Kohn et al. (2004)- Quantitative resolution of the debate over antiquity of the Central Australian landscape: implications for the tectonic and geomorphic stability of cratonic interiors. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 219, 1-2, p. 21-34. Benson, J.M., S.J. Brealey, N.P. Tupper et al. (2004)- Late Cretaceous ponded turbidite systems: a new stratigraphic play fairway in the Browse Basin. Proc. Austral. Petr. Prod. Explor. Ass. Conf., Canberra 2004, APPEA J. 44, 1, p. 269-285. Beynon, R., M.T. Bradshaw, D. Burger & M. Yeung (2003) Palaeogeographic atlas of Australia, vol. 9, Cretaceous. Bureau Min. Res., Canberra, p. Betts. P.G., D. Giles, G.S. Lister & L.R. Frick (2002)- Evolution of the Australian lithosphere. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 49, 4, p. 661-695.


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Bishop, M.G. (1999)- Total petroleum systems of the Northwest Shelf, Australai: the Dingo- Mungaroo/ Barrow and the Locker- Mungaroo/Barrow. USGS Open File Report 99-50-E, 15p. Bishop, M.G. (1999)- A total petroleum system of the Browse Basin, Australia: Late Jurassic, Early CretaceousMesozoic. USGS Open File Report 99-50-I, 22p. Bishop, M.G. (1999)- Total petroleum systems of the Bonaparte Gulf basin area, Australia: Jurassic, Early Cretaceous-Mesozoic; Keyling, Hyland Bay- Permian; Milligans-Carboniferous, Permian. USGS Open File Report 99-50-P, 17p. Bishop, D.J. & G.W. O'Brien (1998)- A multidisciplinary approach to definition and characterisation of carbonate shoals, shallow gas accumulations and related complex, near-surface structures in the Timor Sea. APPEA J. 38, 1, p. 93-114. Blevin, J.E., C.J. Boreham, R.E. Summons, H.I.M. Struckmeyer & T.S. Loutit (1998)- An effective Lower Cretaceous petroleum system on the North West Shelf: evidence from the Browse Basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.), The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2, Petr. Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, p. 397-420. Blevin, J.E., A.E. Stephenson & B.G. West (1993)- The structural and stratigraphic framework of the Beagle subbasin, implications for hydrocarbon migration and trap development. APEA J. 33, 1, p. 105-122. Blevin, J.E., H.I.M. Struckmeyer, D.L. Cathro, J.M. Totterdel, C.J. Boreham, K. Romine, T.S.Loutit & J. Sayers (1998)- Tectonostratigraphic framework and petroleum systems of the Browse Basin, North West Shelf. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2, Petr. Expl. Soc. Austr., p. 369-395. Bodorkos, S., P.A. Cawood, N.H.S. Oliver & A.A. Nemchin (2000)- Rapidity of orogenesis in the Paleoproterozoic Halls Creek Orogen, Northern Australia: evidence from SHRIMP zircon data, CL zircon images, and mixture modeling studies. American J. Sci. 300, p. 60-82. (online at: http://earth.geology.yale.edu/~ajs/2000/01.2000.03Bodorkos.pdf) (Halls Creek Orogen is collision zone between Kimberley and North Australian cratons in N Australia at ~1850 Ma. Zircons from Tickalara Metamorphics two age groups: 1867+/-4 Ma and 1845+/- 4 Ma) Bodorkos, S., N.H.S. Oliver & P.A. Cawood (1999)- Thermal evolution of the central Halls Creek Orogen, northern Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 46, 3, p. 453-465. (Palaeoproterozoic collision of Kimberley Craton with N Australian Craton involved protracted episode of high‐T/ low‐P metamorphism associated with mafic and felsic intrusive activity at ~1850-1820 Ma) Boote, D.R.D. & R.B. Kirk (1989)- Depositional wedge cycles on evolving plate margin, Western and Northwestern Australia. AAPG Bull. 73, 2, p. 216-243. Boreham, C.J., J.M. Hope & B. Hartung-Kagi (2001)- Understanding source, distribution and preservation of Australian natural gas: a geochemical perspective. APPEA J. 40, 1, p. 523-547. Borel, G.D. & G.M. Stampfli (2002)- Geohistory of the North West Shelf: a tool to assess the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic motion of the Australian plate. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 119-128. (Geohistory analysis of NW Shelf shows succession of rifting and uplift events, and allows tectonic and thermal subsidence events to be distinguished. Late Devonian extension correlated with rapid S-ward drift of Australian plate. Late Carboniferous-E Permian opening of Neo-Tethys corresponds to shift in drift direction from S to N. Late Triassic Fitzroy compressive event linked to closures of Paleo-Tethys and evolution of Bowen Basin. Jurassic rifting of Argo Abyssal Plain probably a consequence of rotation of plate) Bourne, J.D. & P.A. Faehrmann (1991)- The Talbot oilfield, Vulcan sub-basin, Timor Sea: a Triassic oil discovery. APEA J. 31, 1, p. 42-54.


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Bradshaw, J., M. Bradshaw & R.S. Nicoll (1990)- The Cambrian to Permo-Triassic Arafura Basin, Northern Australia. APEA J. 30, 1, p. 107-127. Bradshaw, J., J. Sayers, M. Bradshaw, R. Kneale, C. Ford et al. (1998). Palaeogeography and its impact on the petroleum systems of the North West Shelf, Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The Sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. PESA Symp., Perth, p. 95-121. Bradshaw, M.T., J. Bradshaw, A.P. Murray, J.D. Needham et al. (1994)- Petroleum systems in West Australian basins. In P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia: Proc. Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 95-119. Bradshaw, M. & A.B. Challinor (1992)- Australasia. In: G.E.G. Westermann (ed.) The Jurassic of the CircumPacific, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 162-175. Bradshaw, M.T., C.B. Foster, M.E. Fellows & D.C. Rowland (1999)- The Australian search for petroleum: patterns of discovery. APPEA J. 39, 1, p. 12-29. Bradshaw, M.T., A.N. Yeates, R.M. Beynon, A.T. Brakel et al. (1988)- Palaeogeographic evolution of the North West Shelf region. In P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp, Perth 1988, p. 29-54. Bradshaw, M.T. & M. Yeung (1992)- Palaeogeographic Atlas of Australia, vol. 8- Jurassic. Bureau Mineral Res. Australia, p. Brakel, A.T. & J.M Totterdell (1995)- Palaeogeographic Atlas of Australia, vol. 6 - Permian. AGSO, p. Bralower, T.J., P.R. Bown & W.G. Siesser (1991)- Significance of Upper Triassic nannofossils from the Southern Hemisphere (ODP Leg 122, Wombat Plateau, N.W. Australia). Marine Micropal. 17, p. 119-154. Bralower, T.J., P.R. Bown & W.G. Siesser (1992)- Upper Triassic nannoplankton biostratigraphy, Wombat plateau, Northwest Australia. In: U. Von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Scient. Res. 122, p. 437-451. Branson, J.C. (1978)- Evolution of sedimentary basins from Mesozoic times in Australia's continental slope and shelf. Tectonophysics 48, 3-4, p. 389-412. Brincat, M.P., M. Lisk, J.M. Kennard, W.R. Bailey & P.J. Eadington (2003)- Evaluating the oil potential of the Caswell Sub-basin: insights from fluid inclusion studies. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 437- 455. (Outer Browse basin examples of paleo-oil columns in gas fields like Brewster, Crux, N Scott Reef. Oil traps probably underfilled; oil displaced and/or absorbed by later gas fill) Brown, B.J., R.D. Muller, C. Gaina, H.I.M. Struckmeyer, H.M.J. Stagg & P.A. Symonds (2003)- Formation and evolution of Australian passive margins: implications for locating the boundary between continental and oceanic crust. Geol. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ. 22 and Geol. Soc. America Spec. Pap. 372, p. 223-243. Brown, D.A., K.S.W. Campbell & K.A.W. Crook (1968)- The geological evolution of Australia and New Zealand. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 409p. Brunnschweiler, R.O. (1953)- Mesozoic stratigraphy and history of the Canning Desert and Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 1, p. 35-54. (Outcrops of marine Jurassic and Upper Triassic rocks in Canning Desert and Fitzroy Valley of NW Australia)


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Brunnschweiler, R.O. (1960)- Marine fossils from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geophys. Australia 59, 53p. (Dampier Land between Derby and Broome. Late Jurassic Langey Beds with Buchia malayomaorica, Belemnopsis gerardi group, calpionellids, all similar to East Indonesia Late Jurassic assemblages. Early Neocomian Jowlaenga Fm with Hibolites and bivalves. Neocomian Broome sst with plants only. Neocomian Leveque sst with Inoceramus spp. Aptian Melligo quartzite with bivalves ) Bryan S.E., A.E. Constantine, C.J. Stephens, A. Ewart, R.W. Schon & J. Parianos (1997)- Early Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary successions along the eastern Australian continental margin: implications for the break-up of eastern Gondwana. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 153, p. 85-102. (Large E Cretaceous Whitsunday Aptian-Albian volcanic province (125-105 Ma) along E margin of Australia, part of high-K calc-alkaline pyroclastic volcanic belt that extends for more than 900 km along C and S Queensland coast. Tied to breakup of E Gondwana and formation of modern E Australia passive margin) Buffler, R.T. (1994)- Geologic history of the eastern Argo abyssal plain based on ODP drilling and seismic data. AGSO J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 15, 1, p. 157-164. Burger, D. (1996)- Mesozoic palynomorphs from the North West Shelf, offshore Western Australia. Palynology 20, p. 49-103. (Palynological study of 33 latest Triassic- E Cretaceous dredge samples exposed on NW shelf sea floor off W Australia) Butcher, B.P. (1989)- Northwest Shelf of Australia. In: J.D. Edwards & P.A. Santogrossi (eds.) Divergent/passive margin basins, AAPG Mem. 48, p. 81-115. C&C Reservoirs (~1998-2004)- Reservoir Evaluation reports- Far East (Descriptions of clastic reservoirs in Challis, Gorgon, Jabiru, North Rankin, Goodwyn, Griffin, Laminaria, Sunrise-Troubadour, etc., fields on NW Shelf) Cadman, S.J. & P.R. Temple (2003)- Bonaparte Basin, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Ashmore and Cartier islands & Joint Petroleum Development Area. Australian Petroleum Accumulations Report 5, 2nd ed., Geoscience Australia, 350p. Campbell, J.D. (1994)- Late Triassic brachiopods from a dredge haul on the slope below Rowley Terrace, northwest Australia. AGSO J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 15, 1, p. 135-136. (Late Triassic brachiopods (Misolia sp., cf. Trigonirchynchella sp., cf. Zugmayerella sp.) described from mudstone dredged below Rowley Terrace, NW Australia) Carlsen, G.M. & K.A.R. Ghori (2005)- Canning Basin and global Palaeozoic petroleum systems- a review. APPEA J. 2005, p. 349-362. Castillo, D.A., D.J. Bishop & M. de Ruig (2001)- Fault seal integrity in the Timor area: prediction of trap failure using well-constrained stress tensors and fault surfaces interpreted from 3D seismic. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. Cathro, D.L. & G.D. Karner (2006)- Cretaceous- Tertiary inversion history of the Dampier Sub-basin, northwest Australia: insights from quantitative basin modelling. Marine Petrol. Geol. 23, p. 503-526. Chaney, A.J., C.J. Cubitt & B.P.J. Williams (1997)- Reservoir potential of glacio-fluvial sandstones: Merrimelia Formation, Cooper Basin, South Australia. APPEA J. 1997, p. 154- 177. Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1976)- The Bullara Limestones, a new rock-stratigraphic unit from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 1, p. 171-174. (Latest Oligocene- earliest Miocene N3-N4 limestone)


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Chen, G., K.C. Hill & N. Hoffman & G.W. O Brien (2001)- 3D palaeo-migration pathway analysis; an example from the Timor Sea. In: K.C. Hill & T. Bernecker (eds.) Eastern Australasian basins symposium 2001; a refocused energy perspective for the future. Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia Spec. Publ. 1, p. 629-636. Chen, G., K.C. Hill & N. Hoffman (2002)- 3D structural analysis of hydrocarbon migration in the Vulcan subbasin, Timor Sea. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp., Perth 2002, p. 377-387. (3D structural model of Vulcan Sub-basin back-stripped, decompacted / restored to reveal paleo-architecture in Valanginian, Late Eocene and Late Miocene, which correspond to major periods of hydrocarbon expulsion. Updip migration paths over Plover Fm reservoir horizon determined to constrain source risk for prospective traps) Chen, G., K.C. Hill, N. Hoffman & G.W. O’Brien (2002)- Geodynamic evolution of the Vulcan Sub-basin, Timor Sea, northwest Australia: a pre-compression New Guinea analogue? Austral. J. Earth Sci. 49, p. 719-736. (Late Jurassic Swan Graben significant, but principal phase of crustal extension is Triassic- M Jurassic. Triassic- M Jurassic extension rel. widespread, Late Jurassic faulting more focused. Vulcan Sub-basin four principal stages of evolution: (1) regional, evenly spaced crustal faulting and subsidence in Triassic -M Jurassic; (2) focused faulting in Late Jurassic that created grabens with uplift of the shoulders; (3) regional subsidence from M Valanginian; (4) minor extensional and contractional reactivation in Mio-Pliocene) Chivas, A.R., A. Garcia, S. van der Kaars, M.J.J. Couapel, S. Holt, J.M.Reeves, D.J. Wheeler et al. (2001)- Sea level and environmental changes since the last interglacial in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia:an overview. Quatern. Int. 83-85, p. 19-46. Clough, M. & M. Keep (2000)- Neogene tectonic and structural evolution of the Timor Sea region, NW Australia: evidence for an 8 Ma event. AAPG Int. Conf., Bali 2000, 6p. (Extended abstract) Collins, L.B. J.F. Read, J.W. Hogarth & B.P. Coffey (2006)- Facies, outcrop gamma ray and C-O isotopic signature of exposed Miocene subtropical continental shelf carbonates, North West Cape, Western Australia. Sediment. Geol. 185, p. 1-19. (Exposed, uplifted Oligo- Miocene (N9) carbonate sequences of Cape Range. Late Oligocene-E Miocene Mandu Last unconformably over Late Eocene Giralia calcarenite, and unconformably overlain by earliest M Miocene Trealla Lst) Colwell, J.B. (1990)- Stratigraphy of Australia's NW continental margin. Bur. Min. Res., Canberra, 126 p. Colwell, J.B. & J.M. Kennard (1996)- Petrel Sub-basin study, 1995-1996, summary report. AGSO Record 1996/40, 122p. Colwell, J.B., U. Rohl, U. von Rad & E. Kristan-Tollmann (1994)- Mezozoic sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks dredged from the northern Exmouth Plateau and Rowley Terrace, offshore northwest Australia. J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 15, 1, p. Colwell, J.B. & U. Von Stackelberg (1981)- Sedimentological studies of cainozoic sediments from the Exmouth and Wallaby Plateaus, off Northwest Australia. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 6. p. 43-50. Crawford, A.J. & U. von Rad (1994)- The petrology, geochemistry and implications of basalts dredged from the Rowley Terrace- Scott Plateau and Exmouth Plateau margins, northwestern Australia, AGSO J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 15, 1, p. 43-54. Curry, J.S., J.M. Lorenzo & G.W. O Brien (2000)- Polarity of continent-island arc collision since late Miocene: Timor Sea, N.W. Shelf, Australia. AAPG 2000 Annual Mtg Abstracts, p. 35. (Late Miocene-to-Recent collision of NW Australian shelf with Outer Banda Island Arc results in downward flexing of Australian lithosphere toward the arc. Normal faulting on Australian Shelf occurs as flexural stresses


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exceed plate strength. Collision began in Late Miocene W of Timor, progressed eastward during the Pliocene, and continues E. Normal faults W of 124.5°E terminate vertically in the Miocene section. Normal faults from 124.5°E to 125.5°E terminate at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. From 125.5°E to ~128°E, faults terminate in the early Pliocene section. Normal faults from ~128°E to 131°E terminate at or near the sea floor E of 131° E, motion of Australian lithosphere is subparallel to plate boundary and no faulting is evident) Dawson, G.C., B. Krapez, I.R. Fletcher et al.(2002)-Did Late Palaeoproterozoic assembly of proto-Australia involve collision between the Pilbara, Yilgarn and Gawler Cratons? Geochronological evidence from the Mount Barren Group in the Albany-Fraser Orogen of Western Australia. Precambrian Res. 118, p. 195-220. De Boer, R.A. (2003)- The Puffin sandstone, Timor Sea, Australia: anatomy of a submarine fan. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 373-390. (Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian submarine fan system in Browse, Vulcan, with minor oil in Puffin 1; up to 900m thick; 6 depositional lobes) De Carlo, E.H. & N.F. Exon (1992)- Ferromanganese deposits from the Wombat plateau, Northwest Australia. In: U. von Rad et al.(eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Progr., Sci. Res. 122, p. 335-345. (online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/122_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr122_18.pdf) (Ferromanganese crusts, nodules and Fe-Mn-rich sediments dredged from water depths of 2000-4600 m, on Wombat Plateau adjacent to Argo Abyssal Plain. Ferromanganese deposits from ODP sites up to 40 cm thick and formed on long-exposed deep sea floor, probably in Late Cretaceous-Eocene times) De Ruig, M.J., M. Trupp, D.J. Bishop, D. Kuek, D.A. Castillo (2000)- Fault architecture and the mechanics of fault reactivation in the Nancar Trough/Laminaria area of the Timor Sea, northern Australia. APPEA J. 40, 1, p. 174-193. DiCaprio, L., M. Gurnis & D. Muller (2009)- Long-wavelength tilting of the Australian continent since the Late Cretaceous. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 278, p. 175-185. (Global sea level and pattern of marine inundation on Australian continent are inconsistent, partly due to anomalous downward tilting of continent to NE by 300 m since Eocene. Tilting occurred as Australia approached subduction systems in SE Asia and is recorded by progressive inundation of N margin. Mantle convection induced topography may be of same magnitude as global sea level change) Dickins, J.M., J. Roberts & J.J. Veevers (1969)- Permian and Mesozoic Geology of the Northeastern Part of the Bonaparte Gulf Basin. Dept National Development Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph. Bull. 125, p. 75-93. Dore, A.G. & I.C. Stewart (2002)- Similarities and differences in the tectonics of two passive margins: the Northeast Atlantic Margin and the Australian North West Shelf. In: M. Keep & S. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp. III, Perth, p. 89-117. Duddy, I.R., P.F. Green, H.J. Gibson & K.A. Hegarty (2004)- Regional palaeo-thermal episodes in northern Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 125-142. Dumont, T. (1992)- Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) sequences of the Australian Northwest Shelf recovered on Leg 122: sea-level changes, Tethyan rifting, and overprint of Indo-Australian breakup. In: U. Von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Results 122. p. 197-211. (U Triassic shallow-marine sediments recovered in N part of Exmouth Plateau (Wombat Plateau), a few km from continent/ocean boundary. Capped by erosional post-rift unconformity with 80 My hiatus. Youngest sediments below post-rift unconformity Rhaetian platform limestones. Rhaetian series two shallowing-upward sequences. Many similarities beteween Wombat U Triassic and European Tethyan Mesozoic) Durrant, J.M., R.E. France, M.V. Dauzacher & T. Nilsen (1990)- The southern Bonaparte Gulf basin; new plays. The APEA J. 30, 1, p. 52-67.


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Dyksterhuis, S. & R.D. Muller (2008)- Cause and evolution of intraplate orogeny in Australia. Geology 36, 6, p. 495-498. Dyksterhuis, S., R.D. Muller & R.A. Albert (2005)- Paleostress field evolution of the Australian continent since the Eocene. J. Geoph. Res. 110, B05102, p. 1-13. (Reconstructions of plate boundary configuration and age-area distribution of ocean crust around Australia since Eocene to obtain estimates for ridge push, slab pull, and collisional forces acting on Indian-Australian plate. Stress directions over N Australian continent in E Miocene different from present stress directions. Orientations in E Eocene controlled mainly by ridge push from spreading in Wharton Basin in Indian Ocean) Edgerley, D.W. (1974)- Fossil reefs of the Sahul Shelf, Timor Sea. In: Proc. Second Int. Coral Reef Symposium, 2, Great Barrier Reef Committee, p. 627-637. Edwards, D.S., J.M. Kennard, J.C. Preston, R.E. Summons et al. (2000)- Bonaparte Basin; geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon families and petroleum systems. AGSO Research Newsl. 33, p. 14-19. (Bonaparte Basin explored for >20 years, with oil production from several fields (Jabiru, Challis-Cassini, Laminaria-Corallina, Elang and the depleted Skua field) and proposed production from giant gas/condensate fields (Bayu-Undan, Sunrise-Loxton Shoals-Troubadour, Petrel-Tern). Two Palaeozoic and seven Mesozoic oil families can be identified) Edwards, D.S., J.M. Kennard, J.C. Preston, C. Boreham et al. (2001)- Geochemical evidence for numerous Mesozoic petroleum systems in the Bonaparte and Browse basins, northwestern Australia. AAPG 2001 Ann. Mtg., p. 55-56. (Nine distinct oil families. Two Paleozoic in Petrel Sub-basin. U Jurassic in Swan Graben sourced majority of oils produced from Vulcan Sub-basin. In ZOCA three oil families: (1) mixed marineterrestrial in JurassicCretaceous Plover, Elang, Frigate Fms and Flamingo Group, (2) condensate from Sunrise-1 with marine carbonate biomarker signature, (3) oils in fractured Darwin Fm marine signature; from Cretaceous Echuca Shoals Fm and related to Browse Basin Cornea and Gwydion oils. Three families of oils with dominant terrestrial organic matter over Browse and Bonaparte Basins and in transition zone. One can be mapped to E-M Jurassic Plover Fm. This system is least understood but wide geographic distribution.) Edwards, D.S., J.C. Preston, J.M. Kennard et al. (2003)- Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons from the Vulcan Sub-basin, western Bonaparte Basin, Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. (Two end-members of oils: A: marine source, tied to Oxfordian Lower Vulcan; B: terrigenous, tied to fluviodeltaic shales/ coals, probably Middle Plover) Edwards, D.S., R.E. Summons, J.M. Kennard et al. (1997)- Geochemical characteristics of Palaeozoic petroleum systems in northwestern Australia. APPEA Journal 37, p. 351- 379. Ellis, G.J., A. Pitchford & R.H. Bruce (1999)- Barrow island oil field. The APPEA J. 39, 1, p. 158-175. Etheridge, M.A. & G.W. O’Brien (1994)- Structural and tectonic evolution of the Western Australian margin basin system. PESA Journal, p. 45-63. Exon, N.F., U. Ruhl, J.B. Colwell & B.B. West (1992)- Mesozoic reef complexes in the Carnarvon and Canning Basins, Australia. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015 (Abstract only) (ODP Leg 122 cored 200 m of Late Triassic reefal carbonates in Site 764 on N Exmouth Plateau Later dredging by BMR showed common reef buildups and shelf carbonates in Late Triassic of N Carnarvon and W Canning basins. Seismic from N Carnarvon indicate reefs first became established in Rhaetian, when paleolatitude was 25-30° S, and may have persisted until Callovian when area had moved to 35-40° S. Large number of buildups identified in N Carnarvon S of ODP sites, presumed to be Jurassic buildups, sitting on horst blocks of Triassic fluvio-deltaic sediments, commonly several 100m thick, 2 km wide, and >10 km long)


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Eyles, N., C.H. Eyles, S.N. Apak & G.M. Carlsen (2001)- Permian- Carboniferous tectono-stratigraphic evolution and petroleum potential of the northern Canning basin, Western Australia. AAPG Bull. 85, 6, p. 989-1006. Eyles, C.H., A.J. Mory & N. Eyles (2003)- Carboniferous-Permian facies and tectono-stratigraphic successions of the glacially influenced and rifted Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Sedim. Geol. 155, p. 63-86. Exon, N.F. & J.B. Colwell (1994)- Geological history of the outer North West Shelf of Australia: a synthesis. AGSO J. Australian Geol. Geophys. 15, p. 177-190. Exon, N.F., J.B. Colwell, P.E. Williamson & M.T. Bradshaw (1991)- Reefal complexes in Mesozoic sequences: Australia’s North West Shelf region. Proc.20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 51-66. (Triassic- Early Jurassic carbonate buildups in outer zones NW Shelf (Wombat Plateau, Rowley margin, etc.) on seismic and in dredge samples. Equivalent rocks possibly in E Indonesia)) Exon, N.F., U. Ruhl, J.B. Colwell & B.B. West (1992)- Mesozoic reef complexes in the Carnavon and Canning Basins. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 76, 7, p. 1099. Exon, N.F. & U. Von Rad (1994)- The Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences of the Northwest Australian margin, as revealed by ODP core drilling and related studies. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia: Proc. Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 181-200. Exon, N.F., U. Von Rad & U. Von Stackelberg (1982)- The geological development of the passive margins of the Exmouth Plateau off Northwest Australia. Marine Geol. 47, p. 131-152. (Exmouth Plateau large sunken continental block off NW Shelf, formed by Mesozoic rifting during breakup of Australia and Greater India. N margin formed in Callovian (155 Ma), when continental fragment moved off to NW. Early rift phase gave rise to Late Triassic-Early Jurassic volcanics (213-192 Ma) over thick Triassic paralic sequence. N of E-W hinge line several 1000m of E-M Jurassic carbonates and coals accumulated before breakup. Breakup along series of rifted and sheared segments, with NE-trending Callovian horsts and grabens. Horsts planed off in Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous, and margin was covered by few 100m of Late CretaceousCenozoic pelagic carbonate as it sank to present depth of 2000-2500 m. NE-trending West margin formed by Neocomian (120-125 Ma) rifting, as India moved off to NW. Triassic paralic sequence unconformably overlain by thin Late Jurassic and younger marine sequences, indicating area was high in E-M Jurassic. NW South margin formed by shearing in Neocomian. Thick Triassic paralics unconformably overlain by thick Late Jurassic-Neocomian delta, suggesting area was high in E-M Jurassic, but depocentre before and after) Exon, N.F. & J.B. Willcox (1980)- The Exmouth Plateau: stratigraphy, structure and petroleum potential. BMR Bull. 199, p. 1-52. Exon, N.F., P.E. Williamson, U. von Rad, B.U. Haq & S. O'Connell (1989)- Ocean drilling finds Triassic reef play off N.W. Australia. Oil Gas J., Oct. 30, p. 46-52. Eyles, C.H. & N. Eyles (2000)- Subaqueous mass flow origin for Lower Permian diamictites and associated facies of the Grant Group, Barbwire Terrace, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Sedimentology, 47, p. 343-356. Eyles, C.H., A.J. Mory & N. Eyles (2003)- Carboniferous–Permian facies and tectono-stratigraphic successions of the glacially influenced and rifted Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Sedim. Geol. 155, p. 63-86. Eyles, N. & P. de Broekert (2001)- Glacial tunnel valleys in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia cut below the Late Paleozoic Pilbara ice sheet. Palaeogeog., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, p. 29-40. Eyles, N., C.H. Eyles, S.N. Apak & G.M. Carlsen (2001)- Permian- Carboniferous tectono-stratigraphic evolution and petroleum potential of the northern Canning Basin, Western Australia. AAPG Bull. 85, 6, p. 9891006.


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Eyles, N., C.H. Eyles & A.D. Miall (1983)- Lithofacies types and vertical profile models; an alternative approach to the description and environmental interpretation of glacial diamict and diamictite sequences. Sedimentology 30, p. 393-410. Eyles, N., A.J. Mory & J. Backhouse (2002)- Carboniferous- Permian palynostratigraphy of West Australian rift basins: resolving tectonic and eustatic controls during Gondwanan glaciations. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 184, p. 305-319. Eyles, N., A. Mory & C.H. Eyles (2006)- A 50-million year-long record of glacial to post-glacial marine environments preserved in a Carboniferous- Lower Permian graben, Northern Perth Basin, Western Australia. J. Sediment. Res. 76, 3-4, p. 618-632. (Perth Basin intracratonic rift with 12 km Carboniferous- Cretaceous. M Carboniferous- Lower Permia,n (Serpukhovian-Kungurian, ~50 My) 2 km glacially influenced marine strata recording transition from glacial to postglacial conditions at high (70°) paleolatitudes. Thickness reflects abundant supply of sediment from adjacent ice-covered Yilgarn Craton and continued subsidence along Darling-Urella fault system. Sedimentology highlights key role of glacial meltwaters rather than direct glacial processes) Fairbridge, R.W. (1953)- The Sahul Shelf, northern Australia: its structural and geological relationships. J. Royal Soc. West Australia 37, p. 1-33. (Good discussion of Sahul Shelf between Timor Trough and N Australia. Shelf edge abnormally deep, around 550m, much shallower than Sunda Shelf edge. Shelf terraces at 3-5, 10-15, 25-30 and 55-60 fathoms (1 fathom= 1.83m). Isolated coral reefs at edges of shelf and shelf terraces. Includes brief discussion of geology of Aru Islands) Falvey, D.A. & J.C. Mutter (1981)- Regional plate tectonics and the evolution of Australia's passive continental margins. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 6, p. 1-29. (Passive continental margins around Australia evolved through progressive dissection of E Gondwanaland in five episodes, starting at 155 Ma off NW Australia, 120 Ma in SW, 80 Ma in SE, 65 Ma in NE, and 55 Ma S of Australia. Breakup/ seafloor spreading preceded by sedimentary basin subsidence in fault-bounded rifts, starting 40-50 My before breakup. Such rifting often preceded by broader, intra-cratonic style basin subsidence 50-100 My before breakup. Post breakup subsidence rapid, but sedimentation usually interrupted by submarine erosion in shallow rapidly subsiding ocean basin)) Frankowicz, E. & K.R. McClay (2010)- Extensional fault segmentation and linkages, Bonaparte Basin, outer North West Shelf, Australia. AAPG Bull. 94, 7, p. 977-1010. FROG Tech Pty (2005)- OZ SEEBASE Study 2005, Public Domain report to Shell Development Australia. (online at: http://www.frogtech.com.au/ozseebase-details/) (GIS and PDF versions of extensive study of Australia Basement geology, terranes, tectonic history and basins) Fuji, T., G.W. O’Brien, P. Tingate & G. Chen (2004)- Using 2D and 3D basin modellling to investigate controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Vulcan sub-basin, Timor Sea, Northwestern Australia. APPEA J. 2004, p. 93-122. Fullerton, L.G., W.W. Sager & D.W. Handschumacher (1989)- Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous evolution of the Eastern Indian Ocean adjacent to Northwest Australia. J. Geoph. Res., Solid Earth Planets 94, B3, p. 2937-2953. Gaina, C., R.D. Muller, B.J. Brown & T. Ishihara (2003)- Microcontinent formation around Australia. Geol. Soc. Australia Spec. Publ. 22, p. 399-410. (also in Geol. Soc. America Spec. Pap. 372, p. 405-416) Microcontinents of Australian origin in Tasman Sea and Indian Ocean include E Tasman Rise, Gilbert Seamount, Seychelles, Elan Bank (Kerguelen Plateau), possibly fragments of Lord Howe Rise and Norfolk Ridge, Wallaby Plateau. Tasman Sea continental fragments formed by ridge jumps onto adjacent continental margins after seafloor spreading in S Tasman Sea commenced. E Tasman Plateau separated from Lord Howe Rise at ~83 Ma.


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Most microcontinents formed by re-rifting of young continental margin in vicinity of mantle plume stem. Weak inner flank of rifted margin weakens further when passing over mantle plume, causing nearby spreading ridge to jump onto this zone of weakness, isolating passive margin segment and leaving narrow passive margin behind) Gartrell, A.P. (2000)- Rheological controls on extensional styles and the structural evolution of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, p. 231-244. Gartrell, A.P. & M. Lisk (2005)- Potential new method for paleostress estimation by combining threedimensional fault restoration and fault slip inversion techniques: first test on the Skua Field, Timor Sea. Sea. In: P. Boult & J. Kaldi (eds.) Evaluating fault and cap rock seals, AAPG Hedberg Series 2, p. 23-36. (Fault restorations suggest stress regime responsible for Late Miocene fault activity near Skua oil field in Timor Sea differs from present-day stress regime. Late Miocene extensional regime, present-day transtensional stress regime. Widespread late Tertiary extensional faulting, decreasing fault activity to present day. Most hydrocarbon leakage associated with fault reactivation in present-day stress regime) Gartrell, A., M. Lisk & J.R. Underschultz (2002)- Controls on the trap integrity of the Skua oil field, Timor Sea. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.)- The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 389-407. (Fill-spill model for Skua oil field challenges importance of Mio-Pliocene fault reactivation as principal control on trap integrity. Restoration shows important role of pre-existing fault intersections) Gartrell, A., Y. Zhang, M. Lisk & D. Dewhurst (2004)- Enhanced hydrocarbon leakage at fault intersections: an example from the Timor Sea, Northwest Shelf, Australia. J. Geochem Explor. 78-79, p. 361-365. Gartrell, A., Y. Zhang, M. Lisk & D. Dewhurst (2004)- Fault intersections as critical hydrocarbon leakage zones: integrated field study and numerical modelling of an example from the Timor Sea, Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, 9, p. 1165-1179. Geological Survey Western Australia (2006)- Summary of petroleum prospectivity, Western Australia 2006: Bonaparte, Bight, Canning, Officer, Perth, Northern Carnarvon, and Southern Carnarvon Basins. Western Australia Geological Survey, 34p. (Available online; high-level overview of W. Australia activity and discoveries) George, S.C., M. Ahmed, K. Liu & H. Volk (2004)- The analysis of oil trapped during secondary migration. Organic Geochem. 35, p. 1489-1511. Geoscience Australia (2010)- Regional geology of the northern Carnarvon Basin, Offshore Petroleum acreage release. p. 1-24. (http://www.ret.gov.au/Documents/par/geology/carnarvon/documents/Northen%20Carnarvon%20Basin%20REG IONAL%20geology.pdf) Ghori, K.A.R., A.J. Mory & R.P. Iasky (2005)- Modeling petroleum generation in the Paleozoic of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: implications for prospectivity. AAPG Bull. 89, p. 27-40. Gibson-Poole, C.M., S.C. Lang, J.E. Streit et al. (2002)- Assessing a basin's potential for geological sequestration of carbon dioxide: an example from the Mesozoic of the Petrel sub-basin, NW Australia. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp., Perth 2002, p. 439-462. Giles, D., P.G. Betts & G.S. Lister (2004)- 1.8-1.5-Ga links between the North and South Australian cratons and the Early-Middle Proterozoic configuration of Australia. Tectonophysics 380, p. 27-41. Glenister, B.F., C. Baker, W.M. Furnish & J.M. Dickins (1990)- Late Permian ammonoid cephalopod Cyclolobus from Western Australia. J. Paleont. 64, 3, p. 399-402.


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(Single specimen of Cyclolobus persulcatus Rothpletz (1892) from Hardman Fm, Canning Basin. Youngest Permian ammonoid known from Australia. Originally described from W Timor Late Permian 'Amarassi fauna') Glenister, B.F., C. Baker, W.M. Furnish & G.A. Thomas (1990)- Additional Early Permian ammonoid cephalopods from Western Australia. J. Paleont. 64, 3, p. 392-399. (Svetlanoceras irwinense (Teichert and Glenister, 1952), etc., from basal Callytharra Fm oldest ammonoids from Permian of Carnarvon Basin) Glikson, A.Y., D. Jablonski & S. Westlake (2010)- Origin of the Mt Ashmore structural dome, west Bonaparte Basin, Timor Sea. Australian J. Earth Sci. 57, 4, p. 411-430. (Mt Ashmore dome in W Bonaparte Basin structural dome below a major pre-Oligocene/post-Late Eocene unconformity and above a 6 km-deep-seated basement high. Microbrecciation suggest possible impact origin) Goncharov, A. (2003)- Basement and crustal structure of the Bonaparte and Browse basins, Australian northwest margin. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Surv, p. 551566. (Basement and crustal structure of Bonaparte and Browse basins substantially different to each other. Bonaparte Basin up to 22 km of sediment, Browse Basin up to 12-14 km. Sedimentation in Bonaparte and Browse basins initiated in region with relatively thick crust. Bonaparte Basin deepest Moho directly beneath deepest basement. More typical inverse relationship between Moho topography and depth to basement is observed in Browse Basin) Gopala Rao, D., K.S. Krishna, A.I. Pillipenko, V. Subrahmanyan, V.I. Dracheva & N.F. Exon (1994)- Tectonic and sedimentary history of the Argo Abyssal Plain, eastern Indian Ocean, AGSO J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 15, p. 165-176. Gorter, J.D. (1994)- Triassic sequence stratigraphy of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petr. Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth, p. 397-413. Gorter, J.D. (1998)- Revised Upper Permian stratigraphy of the Bonaparte Basin. In: The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 2, p. 213-228. (Four regionally extensive Upper Permian limestones in Bonaparte Basin. Regional extent and mappability of these carbonates dictates revision of Upper Permian sequences) Gorter, J.D. & S.W. Bayford (2000)- Possible impact origin for the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) Puffin structure, Ashmore Platform, Northwest Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, 4, p. 707-714. Gorter, J.D. & J.M. Davies (1999)- Upper Permian carbonate reservoirs of the North West Shelf and Northern Perth Basin, Australia. APPEA J. 39, 1, p. 343-362. Gorter, J.D. & I. Deighton (2002)- Effects of igneous activity in the offshore northern Perth Basin- evidence from petroleum exploration wells, 2D seismic and magnetic surveys. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The Sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 874- 899. Gorter, J.D., P.J. Jones, R.S. Nicoll & C.J. Golding (2005)- A reappraisal of the Carboniferous stratigraphy and the petroleum potential of the southeastern Bonaparte Basin (Petrel sub-basin), NW Australia. APPEA J. 2005, p.275-295. (Revision of latest Tournaisian- Namurian stratigraphy of Petrel sub-basin, NW Shelf) Gorter, J.D. & A.S. Kirk (1995)- The Kimmeridgian marl in the Timor Sea: relevance to regional and geological evolution and possible hydrocarbon plays. The APEA Journal 35, 1, p. 152-168.


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Gorter, J.D. & D.M. McKirdy, P.J. Jones & G. Playford (2003)- Reappraisal of the early Carboniferous Milligans Formation source rock system in the southern Bonaparte Basin, northwestern Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 232-253. (E-M Tournaisian and Late Devonian clastics more likely candidate for Turtle- Barnett oils than Visean Milligans Fm) Gorter, J.D., P.J. Jones, R.S. Nicoll & C.J. Golding, (2005)- A reappraisal of the Carboniferious Stratigraphy and the petroleum potential of the southeastern Bonaparte Basin (Petrel sub-basin), Northwestern Australia. APPEA J. 2005, p. 275-295. Gorter, J., R.S. Nicoll, I. Metcalfe, R. Willink & D.Ferdinando (2009)- The Permian-Triassic boundary in Western Australia: evidence from the Bonaparte and Northern Perth basins-exploration implications. APPEA J. 2009, p. 311-334. (Several sedimentary basins in W Australia contain Late Permian or older petroleum reservoir rocks, overlain by thick (400- 2000 m) Early Triassic shaly sequences. Age of base Triassic shales re-assessed) Gorter, J.D., J.P. Rexilius, S.L. Powell & S.W. Bayford (2002)- Late Early to Mid-Miocene patch reefs, Ashmore Platform, Timor Sea- evidence from 2D and 3D seismic surveys and petroleum exploration wells. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp., Perth 2002, p. 355-375. Gorter, J.D., V. Ziolkowski & S.W. Bayford (1998)- Evidence of Lower Triassic reservoirs with possible hydrocarbon charge in the southern Bonaparte Basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 2, p. 229-235. (A sandstone in Lower Triassic Mt Goodwin Fm in wells in S Bonaparte Basin commonly associated with mappable seismic reflector. Several seismic profiles show brightening of this event, and direct hydrocarbon indicators strongly imply presence of source rocks in pre-Triassic section). Gradstein, F.M. (1992)- Legs 122 and 123, Northwestern Australia margin- a stratigraphic and palaeogeographic summary. In: F.M. Gradstein et al. (eds.) Ocean Drilling Program Sci. Res. 123, p. 801-816. Gradstein, F.M., J.N.Ludden et al. (1992)- Proceedings ODP, Scientific Results 123: Argo Abyssal Plain/ Exmouth Plateau. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 818 p. Grenfell, H.R., (1985)- A paleoenvironmental Analysis of the Permo-Triassic of the Bonaparte Basin, Northwest Australia, based on palynomorphs. New Zealand Geol. Survey Hornibrook Symposium p. 59-61. Gunn, P.J. (1988)- Bonaparte Basin: evolution and structural framework. In: P.G & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The Northwest Shelf, Australia. Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia (PESA), p. 275-285. Haig, D.W., M. Smith & M.C. Apthorpe (1997)- Middle Eocene foraminifera from the type Giralia calcarenite, Gascoyne Platform, southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Alcheringa 21, p. 229-245. (Giralia Calcarenite is of Middle Eocene age (upper zone P12, 41.5-40.5 Ma). One sequence with maximum thickness of 40-50 m , reflecting a maximum flooding event) Haines, P.W., M. Hand & M. Sandiford (2001)- Palaeozoic synorogenic sedimentation in central and northern Australia: a review of distribution and timing with implications for the evolution of intracontinental orogens. Australian J. Earth Sci. 48, p. 911-928. Halpin, J.A., A.J. Crawford, N.G. Direen, M.F. Coffin, C.J. Forbes & I. Borissova (2008)- Naturaliste Plateau, offshore Western Australia: a submarine window into Gondwana assembly and breakup. Geology 36, p. 807-810. (Submarine Naturaliste Plateau off SW Australia is block of continental origin exhumed during Cretaceous breakup between Australia and Antarctica. Reworked Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1230-1190 Ma) zircons from granite and orthogneiss samples dredged from S margin of plateau. Igneous rocks metamorphosed during


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Cambrian Pinjarra Orogeny at ~515 Ma. Protoliths affinities to Mesoproterozoic crust in Albany-FraserWilkes Orogen (Australia-Antarctica)) Haq, B.U., U. von Rad et al. (1990)- Proceedings Ocean Drilling Project ODP, Initial Reports 122. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, p. Harrowfield, M. & M. Keep (2005)- Tectonic modification of the Australian North-West Shelf: episodic rejuvenation of long-lived basin divisions. Basin Res. 17, p. 225-239. Haston, R.B. & J.J. Farrelly (1993)- Regional significance of the Arquebus 1 well, Browse Basin, NW Shelf, Australia. APEA J. 33, 1, p. 28-38. He, S. & M. Middleton (2002)- Heat flow and thermal maturity modelling in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 19, p. 1073-1088. Heap, A.D. & P.T. Harris (2008)- Geomorphology of the Australian margin and adjacent seafloor. Australian J. Earth Sci. 55, 4, p. 556-585. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08120090801888669) (Paper on systematical mapping of 6702 seafloor geomorphic features around Australia: Plateaus, basins, terraces, reefs (4172), etc.. Australian margin relatively underrepresented in shelf and rise and over-represented in slope areas, reflecting mainland bounded on three sides by rifted continent-ocean margins and associated large marginal plateaus) Heine, C. & R.D. Muller (2005)- Late Jurassic rifting along the Australian Northwest Shelf: margin geometry and spreading ridge configuration, Australian J. Earth Sci. 52, p. 27-39. (Magnetic anomaly record of Argo and Gascoyne Abyssal Plains re-interpreted, showing continental breakup in the Argo and Gascoyne started simultaneously in Oxfordian with M25A (= E Kimmeridgean?; HvG) as oldest anomaly. Sea-floor spreading continued until M14 (Valanginian), separating W Burma Block and possibly other continental fragments like Sikuleh Terrane of W Sumatra from N Australian margin) Heine, C., R.D. Muller, B. Steinberger & L. DiCaprio (2010)- Integrating deep earth dynamics in paleogeographic reconstructions of Australia. Tectonophysics 483, 1-2, p. 135-150. (Cenozoic progressive flooding of Australia requires downward tilting of Australian Plate towards SE Asian subduction system. Reconstruction of flooding history for last 70 Ma on continental scale. S low caused by sinking slab material from E Gondwana subduction zone in Cretaceous. N low first straddles N Australia in Oligocene, attributable to material subducted N and NE of Australia. Apparent Late Cenozoic N-ward tilt of Australia function of S Australia moving away from Gondwana subduction-related dynamic topography low in Oligocene, followed by drawing down of N Australia as it overrode slab burial ground under much of N Australia since Miocene. Without mantle convection most of Australia's continental shelves would be exposed) Heine, C., R.D. Muller & M. Norvick (2002)- Revised tectonic evolution of the Northwest Shelf of Australia and adjacent abyssal plains. In: M. Keep & S. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basin Symposium, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia (PESA), p. 955-957. Heirtzler, J.R., P. Cameron, P.J. Cook, T. Powell, H.A. Roeser, S. Sukardi & J.J.Veevers (1978)- The Argo abyssal plain. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 41, p. 21-31. (Magnetic anomalies in Argo Abyssal Plain identified as M10 to M25, increasing in age from Java Trench to NW Shelf of Australia. Argo Abyssal Plain is bounded by 5600m contour and reaches maximum depth of 5730 m. Joey Rise limits Argo Abyssal Plain on SW. Numerous diapir-like structures) Henderson, R.A. (1998)- Eustatic and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the mid-Cretaceous Bathurst Island Group of the Money Shoals Platform, northern Australia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 138, p. 115-138.


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Hillis, R.R. (1991)- Australia- Banda Arc collision and in situ stresses in the Vulcan Subbasin (Timor Sea) as revealed by borehole breakout data. Exploration Geophys. 22, 1, p. 189-193. (Boreholes in Vulcan Sub-basin elliptical cross-section, formed in response to in situ stress. Long axes of breakouts 130-170°N trend, implying NE-ENE-oriented maximum horizontal stress. This orientation not controlled by compression from Australia/ Banda Arc collision zone, but consistent with models of stress distribution in Indo-Australian plate based on plate-driving forces at all of its boundaries) Hillis, R.R. (1992)- Evidence for Pliocene erosion at Ashmore Reef (Timor Sea) from the sonic velocities of Neogene limestone formations. Exploration Geoph. 23, p. 489- 495. (Sonic velocity of Miocene Oliver Fm at Ashmore Reef-1 well anomalously fast, probably due to 1.3 km of Pliocene erosion. Erosion was synchronous with subsidence of present-day Timor Trough and uplift of Timor island, so is believed to be linked with collision between Australian Continent and Indonesian Banda Island Arc) Hillis, R.R., J.J. Meyer & S.D. Reynolds (1998)- The Australian stress map. In: ASEG 13th Int. Geoph. Conf. Exhib., Exploration Geophysics (Melbourne) 29, 3-4, p. 420-427. (Australian stress map shows regionally, maximum horizontal stress oriented NE-SW from New Guinea along most of NW Shelf, rotating to 100° N in Carnarvon Basin) Hillis, R.R., S.D. Mildren, C.J. Pigram & D.R. Willoughby (1997)- Rotation of horizontal stresses in the Australian North West continental shelf due to the collision of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. Tectonics 16, 2, p. 323-335. (40° rotation of regional maximum horizontal stress orientation between W (Carnarvon Basin) and E (Bonaparte Basin) end of Australian NW Shelf. Borehole breakouts in Carnarvon Basin show σhmax orientation of 090°100°N. Regional σhmax orientation from New Guinea through Bonaparte Basin to Canning Basin is 050°-060°N. Between Canning and Carnarvon σhmax rotates to 090°-100°N. Banda Arc collisional zone not generating significant net push; 050°-060°N σhmax orientation of much of N Australian margin probably controlled by New Guinea orogen) Hillis, R.R. & A.F. Williams (1993)- The stress field of the North West Shelf and wellbore stability. The APEA J. 33, 1, p. 373-385. Hinz, K., H. Beiersdorf, N.F.Exon, H.A. Roeser, H.M.J. Stagg & U. Von Stackelberg, (1978)- Geoscientific investigations from the Scott Plateau off northwest Australia to the Java Trench. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 3, p. 319-340. Hocking, R.M. (1990)- Carnarvon Basin. In: Geology and mineral resources of Western Australia, Western Australia Geol. Survey, Mem. 3, p. 457-495. Hocking, R.M., Mory, A.J., Williams, I.R. (1994)- An atlas of Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic basins of Western Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, p. 21-44. Hoffman, N. & K.C. Hill (2004) - Structural-stratigraphic evolution and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the deepwater Browse Basin, North West Shelf, Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 393-409. Hollis, J.A., C.J. Carson & L.M. Glass (2009)- SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronological evidence for Neoarchean basement in western Arnhem Land, northern Australia SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronological evidence for Neoarchean basement in western Arnhem Land, N Australia. Precambrian Res. 174, p. 364-380. (Pine Creek Orogen, W Arnhem Land, on N periphery of North Australian Craton with metamorphosed Palaeoproterozoic sediments with Neoarchean zircon detritus, particularly in 2530–2510 Ma and ca. 2670–2640 Ma age range. Pine Creek orogen itself thermal- compressional event around 1865- 1855 Ma))


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Hopper, J.R., J.C. Mutter, R.L. Larson, C.Z. Mutter, P. Buhl et al. (1992)- Magmatism and rift margin evolution; evidence from northwest Australia. Geology 20, 9, p. 853-857. Horstman, E.L (1988)- Source maturity, overpressures and production, North West Shelf, Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North West Shelf of Australia, Proc. NW Shelf Symposium 1988, p. 529-538. Ingram, G.M., S. Eaton & J.M.M. Regtien (2000)- Cornea case study: lessons for the future. APPEA J. 40, 1, p. 56-65. Ito, M., S. O'Connell, A. Stefani & P. Borella (1992)- Fluviodeltaic successions at the Wombat Plateau: Upper Triassic siliciclastic-carbonate cycles. In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et al (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program ODP, Sci. Res. 122, p. 109(online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/122_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr122_06.pdf) (Carnian-Norian sediments at ODP Sites 759,760 on Wombat Plateau ~600 m thick transgressive-regressive cycles in deltaic system. Sands dominated by monocrystalline quartz, probably derived from acidic plutonic and volcanic rocks in continental block. Av. ratio of monocrystalline quartz: feldspar: lithic fragments (Qm:F:Lt) is 71:22:7, indicating source from transitional continental and cratonic interior terranes. Mica up to 11%, metasedimentary lithics <0.7% but generally absent. Upper Carnian sediments more feldspathic and with some volcanic fragments, indicating onset of rifting with volcanism in Gondwana continental block. Around barriers and/or delta lobes, carbonate shoals/banks probably developed) Jablonski, D.J. (1997)- Recent advances in the sequence stratigraphy of the Triassic to Lower Cretaceous succession in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Australia. APPEA J. 36, 1, p. 429-454. Jablonski, D. & A.J. Saitta (2004)- Permian to Lower Cretaceous plate tectonics and its impact on the tectonostratigraphic development of the Western Australian margin. APPEA J. 44, 1, p. 287- 327. Jason, R., G. McMurtrie & J. Keall (2004)- Hydrocarbon potential of the Outer Browse Basin, NW Australia. Proc. Deep water and frontier exploration in Asia & Australasia Symp, Dec. 2004, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 497-507. (Outer Browse Basin frontier area believed to contain distal extensions of Browse Basin petroleum systems: large gas condensate discoveries in Mesozoic horst blocks, reservoired in Jurassic deltaic sediments, or small oil discoveries in E Cretaceous sandstones in drapes over Mesozoic horsts or basement highs. Maginnis-1 2002 well failed to encounter Jurassic reservoir and penetrated thicker than anticipated M Jurassic volcanic section) Jenkins, C.C., D.M. Maughan, J.H. Acton, A. Duckett, B.E. Korn & R.P. Teakle (2003)- The Jansz gas field, Carnarvon Basin, Australia. APPEA J., 43, 1, p. 303-324. (Large gas discovery in stratigraphic/ subunconformity trap in U Jurassic sandstones of Carnarvon Basin) Jonasson, K. E. (2001)- Atlas of Petroleum Fields Onshore Canning Basin. Dept. Mineral and Petroleum Res. 2, 1, 72 p. Jones, A.T., G.A. Logan, J.M. Kennard & N. Rollet (2005)-.Reassessing potential origins of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) slicks from the Timor Sea region of the Northern West Shelf on the basis of field and ancillary data. APPEA J. 45, p. 311-331. Jones, A.T., G.A. Logan, J.M. Kennard, P.E.O’Brien, N. Rollet, M. Sexton & K.C. Glenn (2005)- Testing natural hydrocarbon seepage detection tools on the Yampi Shelf, northwesternAustralia. Geoscience Australia Survey S267, Post Survey Report:GA Record 2005/15, p. 1-50. Jones, H.A. (1973)- Marine geology of the northwest Australian continental shelf. Bureau Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. Bull. 136, 102p.


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Kaoru, M.,Y. Kurata, D. J. Christiansen & J. Scott (2004)- The Crux gas-condensate discovery, northern Browse Basin, Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 67-79. Karner, G.D. & N.W. Driscoll (1999)- Style, timing and distribution of tectonic deformation across the Exmouth Plateau, northwest Australia, determined from stratal architecture and quantitative basin modeling. In: Continental Tectonics, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 164, p. 271-311. (Tectonic events responsible for formation of Exmouth Plateau varied in space and time. Deformation broadly distributed in Late Permian event (widespread ‘intra-cratonic’ Locker Shales and Mungaroo Fm). Late TriassicM Jurassic deformation more localized and formed Exmouth, Barrow and Dampier sub-basins. Regional extension in Tithonian-Valanginian generated widespread post-Valanginian regional subsidence. After initiation of seafloor spreading, inversion phase with minor reactivation of fault systems. Post-Valanginian subsidence requires significant lower crustal and mantle extension across Exmouth Plateau during Tithonian-Valanginian, which should be accompanied by large injection of heat) Keall, J.M. & P.J. Smith (2000)- The impact of late tilting on hydrocarbon migration, eastern Browse Basin, Western Australia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhibition, Bali 2000, AAPG Bull. 84; 9, p. 1445-1446 (Abstract only) (Discoveries of oil in Gwydion-1 (1995) and Cornea-1 (1996) on E margin of Browse Basin confirmed presence of oil source in E Cretaceous- Late Jurassic source rocks, with migration of >50 km from kitchen areas to W. Wells drilled along E side of basin have residual oil columns, suggesting traps had greater structural closure at time of charge. Uplift and erosion in Miocene resulted in tilting of traps, causing reduction in amount of closure and spilling of oil updip) Keall, J.M. & P.J. Smith (2003)- The Argus-1 gas discovery, northern Browse Basin, Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 37-52. (N Browse 2000 discovery in tilted Triassic-Jurassic fault block with >240m dry gas column mainly in Oxfordian shallow marine sandstones) Keep, M. (2000)- Neogene tectonic influences on petroleum systems in the Browse Basin and Timor Sea, North West Shelf, Australia. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000. (extended abstract) Keep M., A. Bishop & I. Longley (2000)- Neogene wrench reactivation of the Barcoo Sub-basin, northwest Australia: implications for Neogene tectonics of the northern Australian margin. Petrol. Geosc. 6, 3, p. 211-220. Keep, M., M. Clough & L. Langhi (2002)- Neogene tectonic and structural evolution of the Timor Sea region. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 341-353. (Two major and one minor Neogene structural reactivation events: Earliest Miocene (25-23 Ma; rel. minor; =New Guinea collision?), Late Miocene (11- 5.5 Ma; related to Sumba collision/ uplift or New Guinea collision/ folding; 8 Ma seems widespread Indo-Australian event) and Late Early Pliocene (~3 Ma- present-day; =Timor collision). Dominantly right-lateral transpression in Browse, left-lateral transtension in Timor Sea) Keep, M., J. Hengesh & B. Whitney (2012)- Natural seismicity and tectonic geomorphology reveal regional transpressive strain in northwestern Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 59, 3, p. 341-354. (Temporary seismic network in NW Australia recorded 28 earthquakes, with dominantly strike-slip solutions) Keep, M. & M. Harrowfield (2008)- Elastic flexure and distributed deformation along Australia's North West Shelf: Neogene tectonics of the Bonaparte and Browse basins. In: H. Johnson et al. (eds.) The nature and origin of compression in passive margins, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 306, p. 185-200. (Neogene collision between Australia and Banda Arc modified adjacent Bonaparte and Browse basins of NW Australia. Modification both continuous long-wavelength amplification of Permo-Carboniferous basement topography and flexure and normal faulting of Triassic-Recent sedimentary cover)


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Keep, M. & S.J. Moss (2000)- Basement reactivation and control of Neogene structures in the Outer Browse Basin, North west Shelf. Expl. Geophys. 31, p. 424-432. (Late Permian- Early Triassic extensional faults reactivated in Cenomanian-Turonian, but especially in Middle Oligocene and M-L Miocene) Keep, M., C.M. Powell & P.W. Baillie (1998)- Neogene deformation of the North West Shelf. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia, Perth 1998, p. 8191. (Changing angles of collision between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates result in a variety of reactivation structures along the NW Shelf. Zones of high strain/ reactivation strongly partitioned into discrete areas, with adjacent areas showing little or no reactivation. Neogene deformation a major impact on petroleum accumulations, both enhancing or breaching earlier traps) Kennard, J.M., I. Deighton, D.S. Edwards et al. (1999)- Thermal history modelling and transient heat pulses: new insights into hydrocarbon expulsion and 'hot flushes' in the Vulcan Sub-basin, Timor Sea. APPEA J. 39, 1, p. 177-207. (Good intro overview of Vulcan Basin; Late Tithonian submarine fans in Paqualin/Swan graben) Kennard, J.M., I. Deighton, D.S. Edwards et al. (2002)- Subsidence and thermal history modelling: new insights into hydrocarbon expulsion from multiple petroleum systems in the Petrel Sub-basin, Bonaparte Basin. In: M. Keep & S. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp. Perth, p. 409-437. (Thermal history analysis of E Carboniferous- Permian petroleum systems in Petrel. Modelled oil- gas expulsion from postulated oil-prone source in Lower Carboniferous Milligans Fm in two offshore depocentres N and S of Turtle-Barnett High. Expulsion commenced in Late Carboniferous, peaked in E Permian, prior to onset of Late Triassic ‘Fitzroy Movement’ uplift. Expulsion from Lower Permian Keyling Fm restricted to central and outer portions of Petrel Deep. Expulsion from outer Petrel Deep in Late Permian-E Triassic. C Petrel Deep peaked in E Triassic, with minor expulsion in Late Triassic-Cretaceous. Gas expulsion from U Permian Hyland Bay Fm limited to outboard limits of Petrel Sub-basin. Timing is Jurassic-Cretaceous, with peak in mid-late Cretaceous) Kennard, J.M., I. Deighton, D. Ryan, D.S. Edwards& C.J. Boreham (2003)- Subsidence and thermal history modelling: new insights into hydrocarbon expulsion from multiple petroleum systems in the Browse Basin. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 412- 435. Kennard, J.M., D.S. Edwards, T.E. Ruble, C.J. Boreham et al. (2000)- Evidence for a Permian petroleum system in the Timor Sea region, northwestern Australia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhibition, Bali 2000, AAPG Bull. 84, 9 (Abstract only) Kennard, J.M., M.J. Jackson, K.K. Romine et al. (1994)- Depositional sequences and associated petroleum systems of the Canning Basin, WA. In: P.G & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Western Australia, p. 657-676. Killick, M.F. & P.H. Robinson (1994)- The good and bad of diagenesis; a review of sandstone reservoirs in the North Bonaparte Basin. In: P. & G. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia. Proc. Petr. Expl. Soc. Austrialia Symposium 1, Perth, p. 275-289. Kivior, T., J. G. Kaldi & R.M. Jones (2000)- Late Jurassic and Cretaceous Seals of the Vulcan Sub-Basin. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000 (extended abstract) Kivior, T., J.G. Kaldi & S.C. Lang (2002)- Seal potential in Cretaceous and Late Jurassic rocks of the Vulcan subbasin. The APPEA J. 41, p. 203-224. Klootwijk, C. (1996)- Phanerozoic configurations of Greater Australia: evolution of the North West Shelf. Part 1: Review of reconstruction models. Austral. Geol. Surv. Org., Rec. 1996/51, p. 1-105.


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(online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/1209383/Rec1996_051.pdf) (Review of SE Asia- NW Australia plate tectonic evolution models. Models show general agreement for original position of Sibumasu block opposite NW Australia, with N China block in near proximity. Positions of S China and Indochina blocks less clear, but possibly located off N Greater India, perhaps near W Australia Klootwijk, C. (1996)- Phanerozoic configurations of Greater Australia: evolution of the North West Shelf. Part 2: Palaeomagnetic and geologic constraints on reconstructions. Austral. Geol. Surv. Org., Canberra, Rec. 1996/52, p. 1-85. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/1209368/Rec1996_052.pdf) (Paleomagnetic constraints on the Paleozoic-Mesozoic stripping of Gondwana's NE margin. This occurred through separation of extensive ribbon-continents rather than individual fragments. Ribbon continents and fragments of Gondwanan origin identified in wide zone of Asia, peripheral to Siberian Platform) Klootwijk, C. (1996)- Phanerozoic configurations of Greater Australia: evolution of the North West Shelf. Part 3: Palaeomagnetic data base. Austral. Geol. Surv. Org., Canberra, Rec. 1996/53, p. Klootwijk, C. (1998)- Phanerozoic polepath loops and their correlation with basin development and resource accumulation. AGSO Research Newsletter 29, 3p. Klootwijk, C. (2010)- A heretic view of the Alice Springs Orogeny: Australia‐Asia collision and tectonic extrusion. 20th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts 98, p. 94-95. (Abstract only) (Paleomagnetic data show N-ward excursion of Australia of >30° of latitude, which may have started in E Devonian and peaked in M-L Visean when promontory of Australian craton in central New Guinea reached latitudes of 30°‐40° N, and possibly collided with C Asian Orogenic Belt, closing Paleoasian Ocean) Klootwijk, C. (2010)- Australia's controversial Middle-Late Palaeozoic pole path and Gondwana-Laurasia interaction. Palaeoworld 19, p. 174-185. (Alternative paleomagnetic pole path indicates substantial N-ward excursion of Australia/ NE Gondwana in E Carboniferous, possibly starting in E Devonian, with New Guinea continental promontory of Australia reaching latitudes of 30°- 40°N by Visean (?)) Kloss, O., G.R. Wood, J. Benson, S.C. Lang et al. (2003)- A revised depositional model for the Cape Hay Formation, Petrel Field, northern Australia. In: G.K. Ellis, P.W. Baillie & T.J. Munson (eds.) Timor Sea Petroleum Geoscience, Proc. Timor Sea Symp., Darwin 2003, p. 503-519. (Petrel Field in Bonaparte Basin is large gas resource in Late Permian Cape Hay Formation, interpreted as transgressive, sandy tide-dominated, restricted estuarine fill succession) Kodama, K. & J.G. Ogg (1992)- Motion of the Australian Plate from sediment paleoinclinations, Early Cretaceous through Holocene. In: F.M. Gradstein et al., Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 123, p. 549-554. (Change in paleolatitude of areas off NW Australia since E Cretaceous determined from paleomagnetism of cores from ODP Leg 123 and DSDP Leg 27. E Cretaceous paleolatitudes for Sites 766 and 261 around 37°S, lower latitude than expected from Australian apparent polar wander path (APWP). Mid Cretaceous- Paleogene paleolatitudes for Site 765 also lower than predicted by APWP. (NB: results incompatible with present-day relative positions?; Site 261 is 5° N of Site 765 today, but in Cretaceous shown as 5° S of Site Site 765; HvG)) Korn, B.E., Teakle, D.M Maughan & P.B. Siffleet (2003)- The Geryon, Orthrus, Maenad and Urania gas fields, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. The APPEA J. 43, 1, p. 285-301. Kraus, G.P. & K.A. Parker (1979)- Geochemical evaluation of petroleum source rock in Bonaparte Gulf-Timor Sea region, northwestern Australia. AAPG Bull. 63, p. 2021-2041.


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Kristan-Tollmann, E. & F. Gramann (1992)- Paleontological evidence for the Triassic age of rocks dredged from the Northern Exmouth Plateau (Tethyan foraminifers, echinoderms, and ostracodes). In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Results 122, p. 463-474. (Limestone samples from ODP site 764 and Sonne cruise 1979 dredge samples from N side Wombat Plateau have Norian- Rhaetian fauna, similar to other Tethyan/ 'Alpine' foram faunas, including Timor and PNG, suggesting close similarity of faunal communities throughout Tethys realm) Labutis, V.R. (1994)- Sequence stratigraphy and the North West shelf of Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. PESA Symposium, Perth, p. 159-180. Labutis, V.R., A.D. Ruddock & A.P. Calcraft (1998)- Stratigraphy of the southern Sahul Platform. APPEA J. 38, 1, p. 115- 136. Langford, R.P., G.E. Wilford, E.M. Truswell & A.R. Isern (1995)- Palaeogeographic atlas of Australia, vol. 10Cainozoic. BMR, Canberra. Langhi, L. & G.D. Borel (2005)- Influence of the Neotethys rifting on the development of the Dampier Sub-basin (North West Shelf of Australia), highlighted by subsidence modeling. Tectonophysics 397, p. 93-111. (Tectonic subsidence curves around Roebuck 1 well show striking Permo-Carboniferous rifting phase related to Neotethys (means Mesotethys?) rifting and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous event coeval with Argo Abyssal Plain spreading. Permo-Carboniferous episode greater effect on proximal Dampier Sub-basin subsidence than Argo rifting. Two modes of extension: Late Paleozoic (widespread) and Mesozoic (localised)) Langhi, L. & G.D. Borel (2008)- Reverse structures in accommodation zone and early compartmentalization of extensional system, Laminaria High (NW shelf, Australia). Marine Petrol. Geol. 25, p. 791-803. (Late Jurassic rift phase key to accumulation of hydrocarbons in Timor Sea. On Laminaria High OxfordianKimmeridgian E-W faults forms structural traps with discoveries. Secondary reverse structures act as secondary hydrocarbon traps and/or as migration barriers (flower structure in extensional setting) Langhi, L., N.B. Ciftci & G.D. Borel (2011)- Impact of lithospheric flexure on the evolution of shallow faults in the Timor foreland system. Marine Geol. 284, p. 40-54. (Laminaria High lithosphere flexure associated with collision of Australian NW margin and Banda volcanic arc is mechanism for Neogene fault development and reactivation of Jurassic structures. Initiation of faulting during Late Miocene when Laminaria High entered flexed area (forebulge). Maximum fault growth between Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene when Laminaria High was located near forebulge hinge) Langhi, L., N.B. Ciftci & D. Dewhurst (2011)- Structural trap modification associated with foreland lithospheric flexure. AAPG Ann. Conv. Exh., Houston 2011, Poster, Search and Discovery Art. 40780, 5p. (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2011/40780langhi/ndx_langhi.pdf) (Bonaparte basin/ Timor Sea Late Jurassic horst block structures modified by Late Miocene and younger flexure of underthrusting Australian continental margin in Timor Trough foreland basin. Creation of 'hourglass structures' and affecting seal integrity of pre-Miocene hydrocarbon traps) Langhi, L. & S.B. Reymond (2005)- Seismic attributes mapping of Late Palaeozoic glacial deposits on the Australian North West Shelf. Exploration Geoph. 36, 2, p. 224-233. (Gondwana supercontinent experienced extensive Permo-Carboniferous glaciation, simultaneous with onset of Neotethys rifting of its N margin. Terrestrial ice sheet in W Australia. Describes seismic attributes of Late Palaeozoic syn-rift sequences in half-graben (series of basal moraines followed by deglaciation deposits)) Langhi, L. & C. Steiner (2003)- Permian glacial and fluvio-deltaic depositional systems of the Dampier SubBasin (North West Shelf of Australia) revealed by 3-D seismic. Abstract AAPG Int. Conf., Barcelona 2003.


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Langhi, L., Y. Zhang, A. Gartrell, J. Underschultz & D. Dewhurst (2010)- Evaluating hydrocarbon trap integrity during fault reactivation using geomechanical three-dimensional modeling: an example from the Timor Sea, Australia. AAPG Bull. 94, 4, p. 567-591. (Analysis of faults and fault seal on Laminaria High, Bonaparte basin, where Neogene extensional-transtensional reactivation affects most trap-bounding faults and may be reason for many breached or underfilled traps) Larson R.L. (1977)- Early Cretaceous breakup of Gondwanaland off western Australia. Geology 5, 1, p. 57-60. (Magnetic lineations between Wallaby and Exmouth plateaus off W Australia identified as Early Cretaceous reversals M-0 to M-4 and some older Early Cretaceous. Formed at same plate boundary as anomalies in Perth abyssal plain and date Early Cretaceous breakup of E Gondwanaland at between 120-135 Ma) Laurie, J.R. D. Mantle, R.S. Nicoll & J. Ogg (2009)- Customising the geological timescale for use in Australasia. APPEA J. 2009, p. 301- 309. Lavering, I.H. (1993)-. Quaternary and modern environments of the Van Diemen Rise, Timor Sea, and potential effects of additional petroleum exploration activity. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 13, p. 281-292. Lavering, I.. & A. Jones (2002)- Carbonate shoals and hydrocarbons in the western Timor Sea: PESA News 55, p. 40-42. Laws, R. (1988)- The geological significance of recent discoveries and developments in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The APEA J. 28, 2, p. 55-66. Lee, R.J. & P.J. Gunn (1988)- The Bonaparte Basin. In: Petroleum in Australia- the first century, Australian Petrol. Expl. Assoc. (APEA), Spec. Publ., p. 252-269. Lemon, N.M. & C.R. Barnes (1997)- Salt migration and subtle structures: modelling of the Petrel Sub-basin, northwest Australia, APPEA J. 37, p. 245-258. Leonard, A.A., A. Vear, A.L. Panting et al. (2003)- Blacktip 1 gas discovery: an AVO success in the southern Bonaparte Basin, Western Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 25-35. (Gas in Lower Permian Keyling Fm, less in E Triassic Mt Goodwin Fm; est. EUR 1.1 TCF; trap Late Triassic compressional anticline) Lindsay, J.F. (1997)- Permian postglacial environments of the Australian Plate. In: I.P. Martini (ed.) Late glacial and postglacial environmental changes. Oxford Univ. Press, p. 213- 229. Lipski, P. (1993)- Tectonic setting, stratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of the Bedout Sub-basin, NW Shelf. APEA J. 33, 1, p. 138-150. Lisk, M. M.P. Brincat, P.J. Eadington & G.W. O’Brien (1998)- Hydrocarbon charge in the Vulcan Sub-basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2. Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium 2, p. 287-303. (Analyses on 13 fields and 35 abandoned wells suggest oil fields were once more widespread. Jabiru, Skua, Swift and Cassini oil fields had different palaeo-OWC to those observed today. Most fields show evidence for palaeogas cap, indicating early gas charge prior to oil accumulation. Many gas fields had oil columns prior to gas charge. Technical success rate is 1 in 9, about 1 in 24 for commercial fields. Paleo-oil column heights range from a few m to >200 m, exceeding 30m at Eclipse, East Swan, Octavius and Osprey). Lisk, M., G.W. O'Brien & M.P. Brincat (1997)- Gas displacement: an important control on oil and gas distribution in the Timor Sea? APPEA J. 37, p. 259-271.


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Lisk, M., G.W. O’Brien & P.J. Eadington (2002)- Quantitative evaluation of the oil-leg potential in the Oliver gas field, Timor Sea, Australia. AAPG Bull. 86, 9, p. 1531-1542. Lisk, M.,J. Ostby, N.J. Russell & G.W. O’Brien (2002)- Oil migration history of the offshore Canning Basin. APPEA J. 2000, 2, p. 133-153. (Fluid inclusions suggest active petroleum systemin offshore Canning basin, despite absence of Late Jurassic source system) Liu, C., C.S. Fulthorpe, J.A. Austin & C.M. Sanchez (2011)- Geomorphologic indicators of sea level and lowstand paleo-shelf exposure on Early-Middle Miocene sequence boundaries. Marine Geol. 280, p. 182-194. (3D seismic analysis of two sequence boundaries in E-M Miocene section of N Carnarvon Basin, Australian NW Shelf. Step-like discontinuities on DLS4 and DLS3.1 represent buried wave-cut terraces or sea cliffs, incisions of DLS3.1 are karst, both implying significant lowstand paleo-shelf exposure of E-M Miocene sequence boundaries) Liu, K., P.J. Eadington, J.M. Kennard et al. (2003)- Oil migration in the Vulcan sub-basin, Timor Sea, investigated using GOI and FIS data. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 333- 351. Logan, G.A., A.T. Jones, J.M. Kennard, G.J. Ryan & N. Rollet (2010)- Australian offshore natural hydrocarbon seepage studies, a review and re-evaluation. Marine Petrol. Geol. 27, 1, p. 26-45. (Surprisingly few natural hydrocarbon seeps been identified in Australia’s offshore basins. Low Recent burial and subsidence rates not favourable for seepage. Also difficulties in proving seepage on high energy, shallow carbonate shelves. Active thermogenic methane seepage on Yampi Shelf, only proven occurrence in Australia, driven by deposition of thick Late Tertiary carbonate succession and Late Miocene tectonic reactivation) Longley, I.M., M.T. Bradshaw & J. Hebberger (2001)- Australian petroleum provinces of the twenty-first century. In: M.W. Downey et al. (eds.), Petroleum provinces of the Twenty-first century. AAPG Mem. 74, p. 287-317. Longley, I.M., C. Buessenschuett, L. Clydsdale et al. (2002)- The North West Shelf of Australia- a Woodside perspective. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3. Proc. West Australian Basins Symp. Perth, p. 27- 86. (NW Shelf of Australia major gas province with minor oily sweet spots. Pre-rift Permo-Triassic intracratonic sediments, overlain by Jurassic- Cainozoic syn-post-rift successions, deposited in response to rifting and seafloor spreading of at least three continental blocks in Oxfordian-Valanginian. Rifting initiated in C Argo area in Oxfordian, jumped N of Timor in Tithonian, to S Cuvier area in Valanginian. 754 exploration wells between 1953-2001 discovered 2.6 GBO, 2.6 GBC, 152 Tcf gas in 233 fields. Most traps sands in horsts and tilt blocks, or overlying drape structures. 97% reservoired below Cretaceous regional seal. Dominance of gas (84%) due to quality and maturity of source. Effective oil source in mainly Jurassic pre- and syn-rift deltaic, or partially restricted syn-rift marine settings. Open marine deposits typically lean and gas-prone. 119 Tcf of gas reserves remain undeveloped, together with ~1400 MB condensate) Lorenzo, J. M., G.W. O’Brien, J. Stewart & K. Tandon (1998)- Inelastic yielding and forebulge shape across a modern foreland basin: North West Shelf of Australia, Timor Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, p. 1455-1458. (Timor Trough is ‘underfilled’ foreland basin created by partial subduction of NW continental shelf of Australia beneath Timor Island. Change of effective elastic thickness of continental lithosphere from ∼80 km to ∼25 km over 300 km explains high curvature on outer Trough wall and low shelf forebulge (∼200 m) as measured along base Pliocene unconformity. Jurassic basement normal faults reactivated during bending of foreland) Loutit, T.S., K.K. Romine & C.B. Foster (1997)- Sequence stratigraphy, petroleum exploration and A. cinctum. APPEA J. 1997, p. 272-284. Loutit, T.S., R.E. Summons, M.T. Bradshaw & J. Bradshaw (1996)- Petroleum systems of the North West Shelf, Australia: how many are there? Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 437-452.


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Loutit, T.S., R.E. Summons, M.T. Bradshaw & J. Bradshaw (1998)- The petroleum systems of the North West Shelf, Australia. Proc. World Petrol. Congr., Actes et Documents 15, 2, p. 11-21. Lowry, D.C. (1995)- Fighting fractured Flamingo; lessons from Rambler-1, Timor Sea. The APEA J. 35, p. 655665. Martin, J.R. (2008)- Sedimentology, provenance and ice-sheet dynamics of the Late Palaeozoic glaciation in Oman and the Canning Basin (West Australia): an integrated outcrop and subsurface study of the PermoCarboniferous glaciogenic suites of Arabia and Western Australia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Manchester, p. Maxwell, A.J., L.W. Vincent & E.P. Woods (2003)- The Audacious discovery, Timor Sea and the role of prestack depth migration seismic processing. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 53- 65. (2001 oil Vulcan Basin discovery in Plover Fm, directly under intra-Valanginian unconformity) McConachie, B.A., M.T. Bradshaw & J. Bradshaw (1996)- Petroleum systems of the Petrel sub-basin- an integrated approach to basin analysis and identification of hydrocarbon exploration opportunities. APPEA J. 1996, p. 248-268. McElhinny, M.W., C.M. Powell & S.A. Pisarevsky (2003)- Paleozoic terranes of eastern Australia and the drift history of Gondwana. Tectonophysics 362, p. 41-65. McGowran, B. (1978)- Australian Neogene sequences and events. Proc. Second Working Group Mtg Biostratigraphic Datum-Planes of the Pacific Neogene, IGCP Project 1, 114, p. 165-168. McIntyre, C.L. & P.J. Stickland (1998)- Sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Campanian to Eocene succession, northern Bonaparte Basin, Australia. The APPEA Journal 38, 1, p. 313-338. (Late Cretaceous paleogeography, etc.) Metcalfe, I., R.S. Nicoll & R.J. Willink (2008)- Conodonts from the Permian- Triassic transition in Australia and position of the Permian- Triassic boundary. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 55, p. 349-361. (Permian- Triassic boundary, using conodonts, carbon-isotopes and new radio-isotopic dating, placed in lower part of Kraeuselisporites saeptatus and Lunatisporites pellucidus Zones of W and E Australia, respectively) Middleton, M.F. (1988)- Seismic atlas of the North West Shelf. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North West Shelf, Australia, Proc. NW Shelf Symposium 1988, p. 457-478. Mihut, D. & R.D. Muller (1998)- Revised sea-floor spreading history of the Argo abyssal plain. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. PESA Symp., Perth, p. 73-80. (Revised interpretation shows complete set of NE-SW trending anomalies from M26 (155 Ma) to M21 (150.4 Ma; lineations oblique to N margin Exmouth Plateau, but more closely parallel J-K extension in rest of NW margin ?) Mihut, D. & R.D. Muller (1998)- Volcanic margin formation and Mesozoic rift propagators in the Cuvier Abyssal Plain off Western Australia. J. Geoph. Res. 103, B11, p. 27,135- 27,149. (Breakup between India and W margin of Australia started at ~136 Ma (M14; ~Valanginian- Hauterivian), creating Gascoyne and Cuvier abyssal plains. This was followed by two rift propagation events that transfered parts of Indian Plate to Australian plate) Mildren, S.D., R.R. Hillis, T. Fett & P.H. Robinson (1994)- Contemporary stresses in the Timor Sea; implications for fault-trap integrity. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. PESA Symp., 1, p. 291-300.


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(Borehole breakouts, caused by compressional shear failure of wellbore wall, analyzed in 5 Timor Sea wells. Breakouts mainly oriented SE-S-SE, hydraulic fractures mainly NE, consistent with NE-oriented maximum horizontal stress) Miyazaki, S. (1989)- Characterization of Australia’s oil fields by fluid and reservoir properties and conditions: APEA J. 29, 1, p. 287-298. Miyazaki, S. (1997)- Australia’s southeastern Bonaparte Basin has plenty of potential. Oil and Gas J. 95, p. 7881. Mollan, R.G. R.W. Craig & M.J.W. Lofting (1970)- Geologic framework of continental shelf off Northwest Australia. AAPG Bull. 54, 4, p. 583-600. Mory, A.J. (1990)- Bonaparte Basin. Geol. Survey Western Australia. Report 3, p. 380-415. Mory, A.J. (1988)- Regional geology of the Offshore Bonaparte Basin. In: P.G & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The Northwest Shelf, Australia, Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia (PESA), p. 287-309. Mory, A.J. & J. Backhouse (1997)- Permian stratigraphy and palynology of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Geol. Survey Western Australia, Report 51, p. 1-46. (online at: http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/documents/10.gsdrpt51.pdf) (Permian of Carnarvon Basin dominated by marine to nearshore siliciclastics, up to 5000 m thick in Merlinleigh sub-basin. Virtually uninterupted sequence. Mid-Permian break in deposition, spanning Microbaculispora trisina to M. villosa Zones evident in wells on Peedamullah Shelf) Mory, A.J. & G.M. Beere (1988)- Geology of the onshore Bonaparte and Ord basins in Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, Bull. 134, p. Mory, A.J. & P.R. Dunn (1990)- Bonaparte, Canning, Ord and Officer basins; regional geology and mineralisation. Monograph Series, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy 14, p. 1089-1096. Mory, A. J. & R.P. Iasky (1996)- Stratigraphy and structure of the onshore northern Perth Basin, Western Australia. Western Australia Geol. Surv. Report 46, p. 1-126. Mory, A.J., J. Redfern & J.R. Martin (1996)- A review of Permian-Carboniferous glacial deposits in Western Australia. Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Paper 441, p. 29-40. (Extensive ice sheet covered W Australia from at least Gzhelian to mid-Sakmarian. Younger glacially influenced successions present in nearly all Phanerozoic basins in W Australia, typically lowermost glacial facies, middle marine mudstone facies, and uppermost fluvial-deltaic strata) Moss, S., D. Barr, R. Kneale, P. Clews & T. Cruse (2003)- Mid to late Jurassic shallow marine sequences of the eastern Barrow Sub-basin: the role of low-stand deposition in new exploration concepts. The APPEA J. 43, 1, p. 231-255. Moss, G.D., D.L. Cathro & J.A. Austin (2004)- Sequence biostratigraphy of prograding clinoforms, Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: a proxy for variations in Oligocene to Pliocene global sea level? Palaios 19, 3, p. 206-226. (Sequence biostratigraphic analyses from 5 wells in N Carnarvon Basin. Late Oligocene- M Miocene with deeper-water benthic assemblages. Regional flooding event at start of M Miocene (climatic optimum, 16–14.5 Ma), followed by karstification on shelf and incision on clinoform front. Transition to shallow-water, warm facies on shelf in M and Late Miocene, with benthic fauna dominated by larger foraminifera, probably result of progradation. Late Middle Miocene (12 Ma) intensification of development of gullies and submarine canyons)


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Muller, R.D., C. Gaina, A.A. Tikku et al. (2000)- Mesozoic/Cenozoic tectonic events around Australia. In: M.A. Richards et al. (eds.) The history and dynamics of global plate motion, AGU Geophys. Monogr. 121, p.161-188. Muller, R.D., A. Goncharov & A. Kritski (2005)- Geophysical evaluation of the enigmatic Bedout basement high, offshore northwestern Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., p. 264-284. Muller, R.D., D. Mihut & S. Baldwin (1998)- A new kinematic model for the formation and evolution of the West and Northwest Australian margin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds) The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petrol. Explor. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1998, p.55-72. (Revised model of Mesozoic continental breakup and sea-floor spreading in Perth, Cuvier, Gascoyne and Argo abyssal plains. Sea-floor spreading in Gascoyne and Cuvier abyssal plains starts in E Valanginian. At AlbianCenomanian boundary (99 Ma) spreading direction between India- Australia changed from NW-SE to N-S. Event at ~61 Ma in E Paleocene in Tasman Sea and SE Indian- Pacific oceans with change in spreading direction. 99 Ma event resulted in renewed local extension, 61 Ma event may reflect elastic buckling of lithosphere. Both events may have originated from stepwise subduction of Neo-Tethyan Ridge, first N of India at 99 Ma, then N of Australia at 61 Ma. NW Shelf accelerated subsidence, starting at ~20 Ma. Cannot be explained by foreland basin loading, but likely result of complex evolution of compressive intraplate stresses following breakup of Indo-Australian Plate into Indian, Australian and Capricorn plates) Muller, R.D., D. Mihut, C. Heine, C. O’Neill & I. Russell (2002)- Tectonic and volcanic history of the Carnarvon Terrace: constraints from seismic interpretation and geodynamic modeling. In: J. Gorter (ed.) The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 3, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia, Perth, p. 19-740. Nelson, A.W. (1989)- Jabiru Field- horst, sub-horst or inverted graben? APEA J. 29, p. 176-193. Newell, N.A. (1999)- Water washing in the Northern Bonaparte basin. APPEA J. 1999, p. 227- 247. Nicoll R.S. (2002)- Conodont biostratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Triassic on the western, northwestern and northern margins of the Australian Plate. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 3; p. 167-177. (In Triassic N margin of Gondwana opened onto Meso-Tethys Ocean. Continental margin was formed by Lhasa and W Burma Blocks and New Guinea part of Australian Plate. Cratonic basins along future margin of Australian Plate: Perth Basin in S, Bonaparte Basin and Triassic basins on Banda Arc islands. Only along N margin of New Guinea and some islands of N Banda Arc did continental margin shelf areas open directly onto Meso-Tethys Ocean. Triassic sediments deposited in tectonically controlled basins. Conodonts and other fossils allow high-resolution correlation of sequences and events) Nicoll, R.S. & C.B. Foster (1998)- Revised biostratigraphic (conodont-palynomorph) zonation of the Triassic of Western and northwestern Australia and Timor. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2. Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 2, p. 129-139. (Studies of relationships between conodont faunas and spore-pollen and dinocyst palynofloras from W Australian margin and Timor have revised calibration of Australian Triassic palynomorph zones and stage terminology. Wombat-Timor Trough (newly defined) is axis of sedimentation on NW Shelf in Triassic) Norvick, M.S. (2001)- Chronostratigraphic sections of the northern margins of the Australian plate. Unpublished report for AGSO, 37p. Norvick, M.S. (2002)- Palaeogeographic maps of the northern margins of the Australian plate. Unpublished report for Geoscience Australia/AGSO, September 2002. Norvick, M.S. (2002)- Alternative palaeogeographic maps of the northern margins of the Australian plate. Unpublished report for Geoscience Australia/AGSO, October 2002.


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Norvick, M.S. (2003)- New paleogeographic maps of the Northern margin of the Australian Plate. 67p. + figs. (Unpublished) Norvick, M.S. (2002)- The tectono-stratigraphic history of the northern margins of the Australian Plate from the Carnarvon Basin to Papua New Guinea. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 3, p. 963-964. O’Brien, G.W., R. Cowley, G.M. Lawrence, A.K. Williams et al. (2004) Margin- to prospect-scale controls on fluid flow within Mesozoic and Tertiary sequences, offshore Bonaparte and northern Browse basins, NW Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, N Territory Geol. Survey, p. 99-124. O’Brien, G. W., R. Cowley, P. Quaife & M. Morse (2002)- Characterizing hydrocarbon migration and fault-seal integrity in Australia’s Timor Sea via multiple, integrated remote sensing technologies. In: D. Schumacher & L. A. LeSchack (eds.) Surface exploration case histories: Applications of geochemistry, magnetics, and remote sensing. AAPG Studies in Geol. 48, p. 393-413. O’Brien, G.W., M.A. Etheridge, J.B. Willcox, M. Morse et al. (1993)- The structural architecture of the Timor Sea, North-Western Australia: implications for basin development and hydrocarbon exploration. APEA J. 1993, p. 258-278. O'Brien, G.W., K. Glenn, G. Lawrence, A.K. Williams, M. Webster, S. Burns & R. Cowley (2002)- Influence of hydrocarbon migration and seepage on benthic commumities in the Timor sea, Australia. APPEA J. 2002, p. 225238. (Discussion of hydrocarbon seepage in Ashmore Platform-Timor Sea region. Reefal growth in Timor Sea took place almost exclusively over last 5 Myr. Majority of reefs and carbonate banks and build-ups associated with active and palaeo-hydrocarbon seeps (built on small highs cretated by seep communities) O'Brien, G.W., G.M. Lawrence, A.K. Williams, K. Glenn, A.G. Barrett et al. (2005)- Yampi Shelf, Browse Basin, North-West Shelf, Australia: a test-bed for constraining hydrocarbon migration and seepage rates using combinations of 2D and 3D seismic data and multiple, independent remote sensing technologies. Marine Petrol. Geol. 22, 4, p. 517-549. O’Brien, P.E., J.F. Lindsay, K. Knauer & M.J.Sexton (1998)- Sequence stratigraphy of a sandstone-rich glaciogenic succession, Fitzroy Trough, Canning Basin, W Australia. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 45, p. 533-545. O’Brien, G.W., M. Lisk, I. Duddy P.J. Eadington, S. Cadman & M. Fellows (1996)- Late Tertiary fluid migration in the Timor Sea: a key control on thermal and diagenetic histories? Australian Petrol. Expl. Assoc. J. 36, p. 399427. O’ Brien, G.W., M. Lisk, I.R. Duddy, J. Hamilton et al. (1999)- Plate convergence, foreland development and fault reactivation: primary controls on brine migration, thermal histories and trap breach in the Timor Sea, Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 16, 6, p. 533-560. O’Brien, G.W., M. Morse, D. Wilson, P. Quaife et al. (2002)- Margin-scale, basement-involved compartmentalization of Australia’s North West Shelf: a primary control on basin-scale rift, depositional and reactivation histories. APPEA J. 1999, p. 40-61. O’Brien, G.W., S. Sturrock & P. Barber (1996)- Vulcan Tertiary Tie (VTT) Basin Study, Vulcan Sub-basin, Timor Sea, NW Australia. AGSO Record 1996/61, p. O’Brien, G.W. & E.P. Woods (1995)- Hydrocarbon-related diagenetic zones (HRDZs) in the Vulcan Subbasin, Timor Sea; recognition and exploration implications: Australian Petrol. Expl. Assoc. J. 35, 1, p. 220-252.


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O’Brien, P.E. & N. Christie-Blick (1992)- Glacially grooved surfaced in the Grant Group, Grant Range, Canning Basin and the extent of Late Palaeozoic Pilbara ice sheets. J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 13, p. 87-92. O’Brien, P.E., J.F. Lindsay, K. Knauer & M.J.Sexton (1998)- Sequence stratigraphy of a sandstone-rich glaciogenic succession, Fitzroy Trough, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 45, p. 533-545. Osborne, M.I. (1990)- The exploration and appraisal history of the Skua Field, AC/ P2-Timor Sea. The APEA J. 30, 1, p. 197-211. Page, R.W. & I.S. Williams (1988)- Age of the Barramundi orogeny in northern Australia by means of ion microprobe and conventional U-Pb zircon studies. Precambrian Res. 40-41, p. 21-36. (Barramundi event marks metamorphism of earliest Proterozoic basinal successions, linked to and followed by extensive orogenic felsic magmatism. Leichhardt felsic magmatism dated as ~1865 Ma. Time of Yaringa metamorphism established at ~1890 Ma (NB: detrital zircons of ~1880-1840 Ma in Mesozoic sediments of PNG, etc., commonly ascribed to this widespread felsic volcanic event; HvG)) Palmer, N., P. Theologou, B.E. Korn & T. Munckton (2005)- The Wheatstone gas discovery: a case study of Tithonian and Late Triassic fluvial reservoirs. APPEA J. 2005, p. 333-346. (Dampier Basin gas field in Late Tithonian- Early Berriasian sands unconformably over Late Triassic sands) Parry, J. C. & D.N. Smith (1988)- The Barrow and Exmouth sub-basins In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North West Shelf, Australia: Proc. Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth, p. 129-146. Patillo, J. & P.J. Nicholls (1990)- A tectonostratigraphic framework for the Vulcan Graben, Timor Sea region. APEA J. 1990, p. 27-51. Pegum, D.M. (1997)- An introduction to the petroleum geology of the Northern Territory of Australia. Northern Territory Golo. Survey, p. 1-47. (online at: www.nt.gov.au/d/Minerals_Energy/Geoscience/Content/File/Pubs/IntroPetGeologyNT.pdf) (Brief introduction to N Australia onshore and offshore (Bonaparte, Arafura, Carpenteria) basins) Petrie, E. et al. (2002)- Oil and gas resources Australia 2001. Geoscience Australia, 245 p. (online at www.ga.gov.au) Petkovic, P., C.D.N. Collins & D.M. Finlayson (2000)- A crustal transect between Precambrian Australia and the Timor Trough across the Vulcan sub-basin. Tectonophysics 329, 1-4, p. 23-38. Petkovic, P., C.D.N. Collins & D.M. Finlayson (2000)- Crustal structure across the Vulcan Sub-basin from seismic refraction and gravity data. Exploration Geoph. 31, p. 287-294. (Attenuated continental crust between Kimberley Block and Timor Trough hosts major oil and gas fields. Crustal thickness varies between 25-30 km, greatest beneath Kimberley Block and Vulcan Sub-basin) Pirrie, D, P. Doyle, J.D. Marshall & G. Ellis (1995)- Cool Cretaceous climates: new data from the Albian of Western Australia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 152, p. 739-742. (Oxygen isotopes of dimitobelid belemnites from Albian Gearle Siltstone, Carnarvon Basin, equate to mean palaeotemperature of 10.1°C, implying cool palaeoclimates during period of 'Greenhouse' Earth') Playford, P.E. (1980)- Devonian Great Barrier Reef of Canning Basin, Western Australia. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 64, p. 814-840. (M-U Devonian barrier-reef belt exhumed as series of limestone ranges for 350 km along NE margin of Canning basin. Developed as reef-fringed platforms standing 10s- 100s of m above surrounding seafloor. Platforms built by stromatoporolds, algae, and corals in Givetian-Frasnian, and by algae in Famennian)


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Playford, P.E., R.M. Hocking & A.E. Cockbain (2009)- Devonian reef complexes of the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Geol. Survey Western Australia Bull. 145, p. 1-444. Powell, D.E. (1982)- The Northwest Australian continental margin. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London A305, 1489, p. 45-62. (NW Shelf of Australia typical `passive' continental margin. Pre-break-up Permian- M Jurassic rift valley and intra-cratonic basins with thick fluvio-deltaic sediments with marine incursions. Break-up near end M Jurassic, accompanied by large-scale block faulting with uplift and erosion. Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous marine sediments transgressed over eroded surfac, with Callovian, late Oxfordian- Kimmeridgian, late Tithonian- early Cretaceous marine incursions. Open marine conditions became widespread in Albian in S part of NW Shelf and Cenomanian in N part. Thick prograding wedge of mainly carbonates since M Eocene resulted in NW regional tilt of Shelf. Hydrocarbon occurrences related to source rocks in restricted basins) Powell, T.S. & B.P. Luyendyk (1982)- The sea-floor spreading history of the eastern Indian Ocean. J. Marine Geophys. Res. 5, 3, p. 225-247. (E Indian Ocean between NW Australia and Java Trench two rifting/ sea-floor spreading events: Late Jurassic in Argo Abyssal Plain followed by Early Cretaceous in Cuvier and Perth Abyssal Plains) Powell, D.E. & S.J. Mills (1975)- Geological evolution and hydrocarbon prospects of contrasting continental margin types, north-west Australia. In: Wiryosujono & A. Sudrajat (eds.) Regional Conference on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1975, p. 77-101. Power, M. (2008)- Miocene carbonate reef complexes in the Browse Basin and the implication for drilling operations. APPEA J. 2008, p. 115-132. Preston, J.C. & D.S. Edwards (2000)- The petroleum geochemistry of oils and source rocks from the northern Bonaparte basin, offshore northern Australia. APPEA J. 40, 1, p. 257-282. Pryer, L.L., K.K. Romine, T.S. Loutit & R.G. Barnes (2002)- Carnarvon Basin architecture and structure defined by the integration of mineral and petroleum exploration tools and techniques, The APPEA J., 42, p. 287-309. Redfern, J. & E. Millward (1994)- A review of the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Permo-Carboniferous Grant Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia. W. Australia Basins Symposium, Perth, p. . Redfern, J. & B.P.J. Williams (2002)- Canning Basin Grant Group glaciogenic sediments: part of the Gondwanan Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon province. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Austr. Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 851- 871. Riding, J.B. G.E.G. Westermann & D.P.F. Darbyshire (2010)- New evidence for the age of the Athol Formation (Middle Jurassic; Bajocian) in the Tusk-1 and Tusk-2 wells, offshore Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Alcheringa 34, 1, p. 21-35. (Co-occurrence of ammonites (Pseudotoites robiginosus) with palynomorphs in Athol Fm of Tusk-1 and 2 wells, off Carnarvon Basin, confirms E Bajocian age of Dissiliodinium caddaense dinoflagellate zone. Pseudotoites prominent in E Bajocian of Indo-Pacific Realm (onshore W Australia, S Andes, rare in W New Guinea, also rare in S Alaska). Athol Fm indicates E Bajocian marine transgression onto Australian block) Robb, M.S, B. Taylor & A.M. Goodliffe (2005)- Re-examination of the magnetic lineations of the Gascoyne and Cuvier Abyssal Plains, off NW Australia. Geophys. J. Int. 163, p. 42-55. (Similar time of final continental breakup at middle Exmouth (M10N or M11) and Cuvier (M10N) margins) Robinson, P. H. & K. B. McInerney (2004)- Permo-Triassic reservoir fairways of the Petrel Sub-basin, Timor Sea. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Surv, p. 295-312.


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Robinson, P.H., H.S. Stead, J.B. O’Reilly & N.K. Guppy (1994)- Meanders to fans: a sequence stratigraphic approach to Upper Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous sedimentation in the Sahul Syncline, North Bonaparte Basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia, Perth 1994, p. 223-242. Rohl, U., T. Dumont, U. Von Rad, R. Martini & L. Zaninetti (1991)- Upper Triassic Tethyan carbonates off Northwest Australia (Wombat Plateau, ODP Leg 122). Facies 25, p. 211- 252. (Wombat Plateau U. Carnian and Norian deltaics, overlain by Rhaetian reefal carbonates; carbonate foram faunas closest affinity to Seram, also similarities with other regions like Europe) Rohl, U., U. Von Rad & G.Wirsing (1992)- Microfacies, paleoenvironment, and facies-dependent carbonate diagenesis in Upper Triassic platform carbonates off Northwest Australia. In: U. Von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP Sci. Results 122, p. 129-159. Rollet, N., G.A. Logan, J.M. Kennard, P.E. O'Brien, A.T. Jones & M. Sexton (2006)- Characterisation and correlation of active hydrocarbon seepage using geophysical data sets: an example from the tropical, carbonate Yampi Shelf, Northwest Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 23, 2, p. 145-164. (First imaging of active hydrocarbon seepage in Australia, on the Yampi carbonate Shelf, in 50 and 90 m water. Seepage evidenced by gas plumes in water column, hard-grounds, pockmark fields, and mounds) Romine, K.K., J.M. Durrant, D.L. Cathro & G. Bernardel (1997)- Petroleum play element prediction for the Cretaceous- Tertiary basin phase, Northern Carnarvon Basin. The APPEA J. 37, p. 315-339. Rosleff-Soerensen, B., L. Reuning, S. Back & P. Kukla (2011)- Seismic geomorphology and growth architecture of a Miocene barrier reef, Browse Basin, NW-Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 29, 1, p. 233-254. (Browse Basin non-tropical carbonate ramp in Eocene- E Miocene, changing to tropical rimmed platform in M Miocene. First reef structures in early M Miocene as narrow linear belts oblique to shelf strike direction. Subsequent progradation forms barrier reef of >40 km. Three distinct ridges separated by progradational steps. Second and third step separated by karst horizon, probably global sea-level fall near Serravallian/Tortonian boundary. E Tortonian sea-level rise drowned barrier-reef system and subsequently also patch reefs and relic atolls in platform interior. First reefs developed simultaneous to maximum transport capacity of Indonesian Throughflow, reef drowning followed restriction of this seaway) Ross, M.I. & P.R. Vail (1994)- Sequence stratigraphy of the lower Neocomian Barrow Delta, Exmouth Plateau, northwestern Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. of the Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 435-447. Ryan, G.J., G. Bernardel, J.M. Kennard, A.T. Jones, G.A. Logan & N. Rollet (2009)- A pre-cursor extensive Miocene reef system to the Rowley Shoals reefs, Western Australia: evidence for structural control of reef growth or natural hydrocarbon seepage? APPEA J. 2009, p. 337-361. (Numerous Miocene reefs and related carbonate buildups in Rowley Shoals region, NW Shelf, forming part of >1,600 km Miocene reef tract, which extended N into Browse-Bonaparte basins and S to North West Cape in Carnarvon Basin, comparable in length to modern Great Barrier Reef) Sager, W.W., L.G. Fullerton, R.T. Buffler & D.W. Handschuhmacher (1992)- Argo Abyssal Plain lineatons revisited: implications for the onset of seafloor spreading and tectonic evolution of the eastern Indian Ocean. In: F.M. Gradstein et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), Sci. Res. 123, p. 659(Oldest magnetic anomalies of oldest oceanic crust of Argo Abyssal Plain variously interpreted as Late Jurassic or Earliest Cretaceous (20 My different). Preferred model is Late Jurassic age, oldest lineament M26 (163 Ma, ~Callovian)) Sandiford, M. (2007)- The tilting continent: a new constraint on the dynamic topographic field from Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 261, p. 152-163.


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(N Australian margin broad shelf and Neogene record of stratal onlap. Southern shelf typically < 100 km wide and record of progressive offlap with Neogene palaeo-shorelines hundreds of kilometres inland, at elevations up to ~250 m above present-day sea level. This continental-scale ‘reciprocal’ stratigraphy implies 250-300 m N-down vertical motion with respect to sea level since M Miocene) Sandiford, M., D. Coblentz & W.P. Schellart (2005)- Evaluating slab-plate coupling in the Indo-Australian plate. Geology 33, 2, p: 113-116 (Seismicity in C Indian Ocean used to evaluate the extent of slab-plate coupling in Indo-Australian plate. Effective slab pull is no more than ~10% of total negative buoyancy operating on subducting slab) Sandiford, M., M Quigley, P De Broekert & S Jakica (2009)- Tectonic framework for the Cenozoic cratonic basins of Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 56, p. 5-18. (Variations in Cenozoic marine inundation of Australia point to tectonic regime involving three modes of deformation. At longest wavelength continent has experienced SW-up/NE-down tilting of 300m towards Indonesia-W Pacific subduction realm since Late Eocene. At intermediate wavelengths undulations of ~100 m reflecting lithospheric buckling due to intraplate stress from plate-boundary forcing) Sarti, M., A. Russo & F.R. Bosellini (1992)- Rhaetian strata, Wombat Plateau: analysis of fossil communities as a key to paleoenvironmental change. In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Progr., Sci. Res. 122, p. 181-195. (Latest Triassic/ Rhaetian reefal carbonate buildups penetrated on Wombat Plateau. First colonization by sponge-dominated community, followed by coral-dominated community with associated hydrozoans-tabulozoans constituting main core of pinnacle reef complex, reflecting shallowing of environment of deposition. Rhaetian pinnacle assemblage is low-energy, bank-margin 'reef complex') Schuchert, C. (1932)- Upper Paleozoic glaciations of Australia. American J. Sci., Ser. 5, 23, p. 540-548. Scibiorski, J.P., M. Micenko & D. Lockhart (2005)- Recent discoveries in the Pyrenees Member, Exmouth subbasin: a new oil play fairway. APPEA J. 2005, p. 233-252. (S Exmouth oil fields in Latest Tithonian- E Berriasian P. iehiense zone lowstand sands in rotated fault blocks, sourced by Late Jurassic Dingo claystone, sealed by intra-Hauterivian unconformity shales) Scott, J. (1994)- Source rocks of West Australian basins- distribution, character and models. In P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp., Perth 1994, p. 141-158. Shuster, M.W., S. Eaton, L.L. Wakefield & H.J. Kloosterman (1998)- Neogene tectonics, Greater Timor Sea, offshore Australia: implications for trap risk. Australian Petrol. Prod. Exploration J. 38, p. 351-378. Simons, F.J., A. Zielhuis & R.D. Van der Hilst (1999)- The deep structure of the Australian continent from surface wave tomography. Lithos 48, p. 17-43. (New model of variations of shear wave speed in Australian upper mantle. Slow wave propagation under Paleozoic fold belts in E Australia. Speeds increase W across Proterozoic and reach maximum in Archean cratons. High wave speeds associated with Precambrian shields extend beyond Tasman Line, which marks E limit of Proterozoic outcrop, suggesting parts of Paleozoic fold belts underlain by Proterozoic lithosphere. N Australia craton extends offshore into PNG and under Indian Ocean. Precambrian cratons without thick highspeed "keel" near passive margins, suggesting processes associated with continental break-up may have destroyed once present tectosphere) Simons, F. J. & R.D. Van der Hilst (2003)- Seismic and mechanical anisotropy and the past and present deformation of the Australian lithosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 211, p. 271-286.


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Sircombe, K.N. & M.J. Freeman (1999)- Provenance of detrital zircons on the Western Australia coastlineimplications for the geologic history of the Perth basin and denudation of the Yilgarn craton. Geology 27, 10, p. 879-882. (Detrital zircon samples from W Australia placer deposits dominated by Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozic ages (little from nearby Archean Yilgarn craton). Dominant ages consistent with derivation from Proterozoic orogens marginal to Yilgarn craton. Peaks around 550 Ma and ~680-700 Ma (Leeuwin Block/Pinjara orogenic belt), ~1200 Ma (Albany-Fraser belt), ~2500-2700 (Yilgarn craton)) Skwarko, S.K. (ed.) (1993)- Palaeontology of the Permian of Western Australia. Geol. Survey Western Australia Bull. 136, 417p. (Mainly inventory of W Australian Permian fossils. Little stratigraphic detail. No comparisons to Timor faunas) Smith, B.L. & R.B. Lawrence (1989)- Aspects of exploration and development, Vulcan sub-basin, Timor Sea. APEA J. 29, p. 546-556. Smith, M. R. & J.G. Ross (1986)- Petroleum potential of Northern Australian continental shelf. AAPG Bull. 70, 11, p. 1700-1712. (Three prospective sedimentary sequences: Cenozoic with Miocene reefal carbonates, Mesozoic with thick sandstone intervals and thick Paleozoic basin, possibly containing Devonian reefs and younger Paleozoic sandstone intervals. Mesozoic basin prime target for exploration) Smith, P.M. & N.D. Sutherland (1991)- Discovery of salt in the Vulcan Graben: geophysical and geological evaluation. APEA J. 31, 1, p. 229-249. (salt/ anhydrite in Paqualin, Swan diapyrs) Smith, S.A. & P.R. Tingate (1999)- The structural development and petroleum potential of the Roebuck Basin. APPEA J. 39, 1, p. 364-385 Song, T. & P.A. Cawood (2000)- Structural styles in the Perth Basin associated with the Mesozoic break-up of Greater India and Australia. Tectonophysics 317, p. 55-72. Spry, T.B. & I. Ward (1997)- The Gwydion discovery: a new play fairway in the Browse Basin. APPEA J. 37 ,1, p. 87-104. (3 gas, one oil-gas zone in Barremian- Albian sands on Yampi Shelf) Stagg, H.M.J. (1978)- The geology and evolution of the Scott Plateau. The APEA J. 18, p. 34-43. Stagg, H.M.J., M.B. Alcock, G. Bernardel, A.M.G. Moore, P.A. Symonds & N.F. Exon (2004)- Geological framework of the Outer Exmouth Plateau and adjacent ocean basins. Geoscience Australia Record 2004/13, p. Stagg, H.M.J. & J.B. Colwell (1994)- the structural foundations of the Northern Carnarvon Basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. of the Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 349-364. Stagg, H.M.J. & N.F. Exon (1981)- Geology of Scott Plateau and Rowley Terrace. BMR Austr. Geol. Geoph. 213, 67p. Stagg, H.M.J., J.B. Willcox, P.A. Symonds, G.W. O’Brien et al. (1999)-Architecture and evolution of the Australian continental margin. AGSO J., 17, 5/6, p. 17-33. Stein, A., K. Myers, C. Lewis et al. (1998)- Basement control and geoseismic definition of the Cornea discovery, Browse Basin, Western Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds) The sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth, p. 421-431.


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Stephenson, A. E. & S.J. Cadman (1994)- Browse Basin, Northwest Australia: the evolution, palaeogeography and petroleum potential of a passive continental margin. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim, Palaeoecol. 111, p. 337-366. Stilwell, J.D., M. Dixon, B. Lehner & S. Gamarra (2011)- Jurasic- Cretaceous boundary ammonite Blanfordiceras (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) from Fortissimo-1 wildcat well, Browse basin, Northwest Shelf, Australia. J. palaont. 85, 3, p. 551-554. (First record in Australia of Latest Tithonian (146.5–145.5 Ma) ammonite Blanfordiceras wallichi in core from Upper swan Fm in well in Browse Basin, NW shelf. Associated microplankton had been identified as 'basal Cretaceous' Pseudoceratium iehiense or overlying Kalyptea wisemaniae Zone) Struckmeyer, H.I.M (ed.) Petroleum geology of the Arafura and Money Shoal Basins. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Report 2006/22. Struckmeyer, H.I.M., J. E. Blevin, J. Sayers, J.M. Totterdell et al. (1998)- Structural evolution of the Browse Basin, North West Shelf: new concepts from deep seismic data. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia, p. 345-367. Swift, M.G. & D.A. Falvey (1990)- Heat flow and heat flow models in evaluating the oil prospectivity of the Exmouth Plateau, Northwest Australia. In: B. Elishewitz (ed.) Proc. CCOP Heat Flow Workshop III, Bangkok 1988, CCOP Techn. Publ. 21, p. 65-78. Symonds, P.A., S. Planke, O. Frey & J. Skogseid (1998)- Volcanic evolution of the Western Australian continental margin and its implications for basin development. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petr. Expl. Soc. Australia (PESA) Symp., p. 33-54. (2000km long- 500km wide volcanic province along NW Australian margin around times of continental breakup. Oxfordian (150 Ma) in age in Argo abyssal plain in North, Valanginian (136 Ma) in age in Gascoyne, etc. in S) Tandon, K., J.M. Lorenzo & G.W. O'Brien (2000)- Effective elastic thickness of the northern Australian continental lithosphere subducting beneath the Banda orogen (Indonesia): inelastic failure at the start of continental subduction. Tectonophysics 329, p. 39-60. Teichert, C. (1940)- Marine Jurassic of East Indian affinities at Broome, north-western Australia. J. Royal Soc. Western Australia 26, p. 103-119. (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgean faunal assemblages from artesian wells at Broome, W Australia, characterized by pelecypod Buchia (= Malayomaorica; HvG) and belemnites of Belemnopsis gerardi group, demonstrating presence of marine Late Jurassic between 950’- 1,550’. Notable similarities to Jurassic faunas of E Indonesia) Teichert, C. (1941)- Upper Paleozoic of Western Australia: correlation and paleogeography. AAPG Bull. 25, 3, p. 371-415. (Late Paleozoic in W Australia strats with glacial deposits, probably of Sakmarian- early Kungurian age (E Permian). Permian glaciation of Australia was single major event with strongest refrigeration in Sakmarian. Rich marine faunas arrived in Australia after climax of glaciation. Upper Paleozoic deposited in geosynclinal trough, marginal to Pre-Cambrian shield and continuous with Timor geosyncline of East Indies. p. 405: Great differences exist in composition of Late Paleozoic faunas of Timor (echinoderm-cephalopod facies) and W Australia (brachiopod- bryozoan facies),…no identical coral species, etc.) Teichert, C. (1947)- Stratigraphy of Western Australia. AAPG Bull. 31, 1, p. 1-70. Teichert, C. (1951)- The marine Permian faunas of Western Australia (an interim review). Palaeont. Zeitschrift 24, p. 76-90. (Marine Permian faunas (~350 species) compared with Tethyan, E Australian and Gondwana faunas. W Australian faunal province affinities with E Tethys (Salt Range, Timor) but dissimilar to E Australian province, although some W Australian elements migrated into N (Queensland) and S (Tasmania) parts of E province)


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Teichert, C. (1959)- Australia and Gondwanaland. Geol. Rundschau 47, 2, p.562-590. Thomas, B.M., P. Hanson, J.G. Stainforth, P. Stamford & L. Taylor (1991)- Petroleum geology and exploration history of the Carpentaria Basin, Australia, and associated infrabasins. In: M.W. Leighton et al. (eds.) Interior cratonic basins, Am. Assoc. Petrol Geol. Mem. 51, p. 709-725. Thurow, J. (1988)- Sedimentology of the Argo and Gascoyne abyssal plains, NW Australia: Report on Ocean Drilling Program Leg 123. Carbonates and Evaporites 3, 2, p. 201-212. Thurow, J & U. von Rad (1992)- Bentonites as tracers of earliest Cretaceous post-breakup volcanism off Northwestern Australia. In: F.M. Gradstein et al.(eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Progr., Sci. Res. 123, p. 89-106. (online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/123_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr123_04.pdf (Bentonites in Berriasian- Valanginian pelagic sediments on and around Wombat- Exmouth Plateau are altered volcanic ash layers, and tied to continental breakup and rapid subsidence during 'juvenile ocean phase') Tilbury, L., C.J. Clayton, T.J. Conroy, G. Philip, G.A. Boyd, G.A. Johnson et al. (2009)- Pluto- a major gas field hidden beneath the continental slope. APPEA J. 2009, p. 243- 268. (Pluto 2005 gas discovery in Carnarvon Basin in tilted fault block. Gross gas column 209m in Triassic Mungaroo Fm sands and Tithonian sands, sealed by Cretaceous Forestier and Muderong Fm shales) Tindale, K., N. Newell, J. Keall & N. Smith (1998)- Structural evolution and charge history of the Exmouth Subbasin, Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1998, p. 447-472. Tucker, S.P. (2009)- Post-rift marine transgression of the southern Browse Basin margin: controls on hydrocarbon reservoir development and exploration potential. APPEA J. 2009, p. Turner, S., L.B. Bean, M. Dettmann, J.L. McKellar, S. McLoughlin & T. Thulborn (2009)- Australian Jurassic sedimentary and fossil successions: current work and future prospects for marine and non-marine correlation. GFF (Geol. For. Forhand.), Stockholm, 131, 1, p. 49-70. (online at: http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/38517_914071552.pdf) (Review of Jurassic stratigraphies and fossils across Australia) Tyler, I.M. & R.M. Hocking (2001)- A revised geological framework for Western Australia. West Austr. Geol. Survey Record 2002/5, p. 1-7. (online at www.doir.wa.gov.au/documents/ gswa/gsdPap_Tyler_and_Hocking.pdf) Van Aarssen, R., R. Alexander & R.I. Kagie (1996)- The origin of Barrow Sub-basin crude oils: a geochemical correlation using land-plant biomarkers. The APPEA J. 36, 1, p. 131-144. Veevers, J.J. (1969)- Sedimentology of the Upper Devonian and Carboniferous platform sequence of the Bonaparte Gulf basin. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Bull 109, p. 1-86. Veevers, J.J. (1969)- Palaeogeography of the Timor Sea region. Palaeogr., Palaeoclim, Palaeoecol. 6, p. 125140. (Deep offshore Ashmore Reef 1 well and seismic in Timor Sea show of ~15,000m thick Phanerozoic sediments in Bonaparte Gulf Basin. Stratigraphic similarity between Permian-early M Miocene of Carnarvon Basin, Ashmore Reef area, and E Timor seems to indicate these areas consistently lay at edge of Australian continent) Veevers, J.J. (ed.) (1984)- Phanerozoic earth history of Australia. Oxford Mon. Geol. Geophys. 2, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 418 p. Veevers, J.J. (ed.) (2000)- Billion-year earth history of Australia and neighbours in Gondwanaland. GEMOC Press, Sydney, 388 p. (Major review of tectonic history of Australia and surrounding areas)


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Veevers, J.J. (2001)- Atlas of Billion-year earth history of Australia and neighbours in Gondwanaland. GEMOC Press, Sydney, 76 p. Veevers, J.J. (2004)- Gondwanaland from 650-500 Ma assembly through 320 Ma merger in Pangea to 185- 100 Ma breakup: supercontinental tectonics via stratigraphy and radiometric dating. Earth-Sci. Rev. 68, p. 1-132. Veevers, J.J. (2006)- Updated Gondwana (Permian-Cretaceous) earth history of Australia. Gondwana Res. 9, 3, p. 231-260. (Permo-Carboniferous glaciation followed by Permian coals and E Triassic barren beds and redbeds, in E deformed in M-Triassic. Coal deposition resumed in Late Triassic and tholeiite erupted in SE. After rifting, W margin formed by the opening of Indian Ocean at 156 and 132 Ma. By 99 Ma mid-Cretaceous, S margin was shaped by opening of SE Indian Ocean, and E highlands uplifted to produce present morphology of Australia) Veevers, J.J. (2007)- Pan-Gondwanaland post-collisional extension marked by 650-500 Ma alkaline rocks and carbonatites and related detrital zircons: a review. Earth Sci. Rev. 83, 1-2, p. 1-47. (A-type granites of 650–500 Ma age common in Africa, South America, India, Antarctica, and Australia, and are indicated by related detrital zircons in Permian-Triassic and younger sediments from Australia, etc.) Veevers, J. J., P.J. Conaghan & C.M. Powell (1994)- Eastern Australia. In: J.J. Veevers & C.M. Powell (eds.) Permian-Triassic Pangean basins and foldbelts along the Panthalassan margin of Gondwanaland, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 184, p. 11-171. Veevers J.J., P.J. Cook, T. Powell, H.A. Roeser et al. (1978)- The Argo abyssal plain. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 41, p. 21-31. Veevers, J.J. & Z.X. Li (1991)- Review of seafloor spreading around Australia. II. Marine magnetic anomaly modeling. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 38, 4, p. 391- 408. (Inception of seafloor spreading around Australai youngs in counter-clockwise sense from Late Jurassic (160 Ma) in NW through Early Cretaceous (132.5 Ma) in W and SW, Late Cretaceous (96 Ma) in SE Indian Ocean and Tasman Basin, Paleocene (63.5 Ma) in Coral Sea and Pliocene (3.5 Ma) in Woodlark Basin) Veevers, J.J. & C.M. Powell (eds.) (1994)- Permian-Triassic Pangean Basins and foldbelts along the Panthalassan margin of Gondwanaland. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 184, 368 p. Veevers, J.J., C.M. Powell & S.R. Roots (1991)- Review of seafloor spreading around Australia. I. Synthesis of the pattern of spreading. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 38, 4, p. 373-389. (Twelve reconstructions of seafloor around Australia that spread during dispersal of Argoland (Late Jurassic), India (Early Cretaceous), Antarctica (Late cretaceous) and the Papuan Peninsula (Paleo-Eocene)) Veevers, J.J., J.W. Tayton & B.D. Johnson (1985)- Prominent magnetic anomaly along the continent ocean boundary between the northwestern margin of Australia (Exmouth and Scott Plateaus and the Argo Abyssal Plain). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 72, p. 415-426. Veevers, J.J. & R.C. Tewari (1995)- Permian-Carboniferous and Permian-Triassic magmatism in the rift zone bordering the Tethyan margin of southern Pangea. Geology 23, p. 467-470. Veevers, J.J. & T.H. Van Andel (1967)- Morphology and basement of the Sahul Shelf. Marine Geol. 5, 4, p. 293298. Volkman, J.K., R. Alexander, R.I. Kagi, R.A. Noble & G.W. Woodhouse (1983)- A geochemical reconstruction of oil generation in the Barrow sub-basin of Western Australia. Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 47, 12, p. 2091-2105. (Biomarkers from crude oils from Barrow sub-basin, NW Australian shelf sourced from Upper Jurassic Dingo Claystone Fm)


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Von Rad, U. & T.J. Bralower (1992)- Unique record of an incipient ocean basin: Lower Cretaceous sediments from the southern margin of Tethys. Geology 20, p. 551-555. (Wombat Plateau Site 761 three unique Berriasian- Valnginian fining-upward units above breakup unconformity: A- barren fine sand, B- fining upward very fine sand with belemnites, incl Belemnopsis cf jonkeri and ?Hibolithes, and C- calcisphere-nannofossil chalk with volcanic ash layers) Von Rad, U. & N.F. Exon (1982)- Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic evolution of the starved passive continental margin off Northwest Australia. In: Studies in continental margin geology, AAPG Mem. 34, p. 253281. Von Rad, U., N.F. Exon, R. Boyd & B.U. Haq (1992)- Mesozoic paleoenvironments of the rifted margin off NW Australia (ODP legs 122/123). In: R.A. Duncan et al. (eds.) Synthesis of results from Scientific Drilling in the Indian Ocean. American Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 70, p. 157-184. (NW Australia in early Mesozoic time was passive margin of E Gondwana, facing S Tethys Sea. Wombat Plateau: U Triassic synrift fluviodeltaic to carbonate platform deposits; earliest Jurassic platform drowning and early-rift volcanism; Callovian-Oxfordian block faulting and formation of ‘post-rift unconformity’ and ocean formation at Argo Abyssal Plain; Berriasian rapid subsidence and condensed section of terrigenous littoral sands, belemniterich sandy muds and calcisphere-nannofossil chalks; Albian-Cenomanian gradual transition from hemipelagic to pelagic conditions. C Exmouth Plateau, failed Late Jurassic breaku’ followed by uplift of southern hinterland, erosion and N-ward progradation of Bemasian shelf-margin clastic wedge, overlain by condensed Valanginian section, followed by late Valanginian-early Hauterivian final breakup between Australia and Greater India) Von Rad, U., N.F. Exon & B.U. Haq (1992)- Rift-to-drift history of the Wombat Plateau, northwest Australia: Triassic to Tertiary Leg 122 results. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 122, College Station, TX, p. 765800. Von Rad, U., B.U. Haq et al. (1992)- Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 122. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 904p. (Scientific results of ODP Exmouth plateau, Wombat Plateau work) Von Rad, U., M. Schott, N.F. Exon, J. Mutterlose, P.G. Quilty & J.W. Thurow (1990)- Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks dredged from the northern Exmouth Plateau: petrography and microfacies. Bull. Volcan. 11, 4, p. 449-472. Von Rad U., J. Thurow, B.U. Haq, F. Gradstein et al. (1989)- Triassic to Cenozoic evolution of the NW Australian continental margin and the birth of the Indian Ocean (preliminary results of ODP Legs 122 and 123). Geol. Rundschau 78, 3, p. 1189-1210. Walker, T.R. & A.J. Kantsler (2004)- Deepwater and frontier exploration in Australia- a historical perspective and a view to the future. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia and Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 471-480. Warris, B.J. (1993)- The hydrocarbon potential of the Paleozoic basins of Western Australia. APEA J. 33, l, p. 123-137. West, B.G. & V.L. Passmore (1994)- Hydrocarbon potential of the Bathurst Island Group, northeast Bonaparte Basin, implications for future exploration. APEA J. 34, p. 626-643. Westphal, H. & T. Aigner (1997)- Seismic stratigraphy and subsidence analysis in the Barrow-Dampier Subbasin, Northwest Australia. AAPG Bull. 81, 10, p. 1721-1749. Whibley, M. & E. Jacobson (1990)- Exploration in the northern Bonaparte Basin, Timor Sea, WA-199-P. The APEA J. 30, 1, p. 7-25.


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Whittam, D.B., M.S. Norvick & C.L. McIntyre (1996)- Mesozoic and Cainozoic tectonostratigraphy of western ZOCA and adjacent areas. APPEA J. 36, 1, p. 209-231. Williamson, P.E., N.F. Exon, B.U. Haq, U. von Rad, S. O'Connell and Leg 122 Shipboard Scientific Party (1989)- A Northwest Shelf Triassic reef play: results from ODP Leg 122. APEA J. 29, p. 328-344. Willis, I. (1988)- Results of exploration, Browse Basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North West Shelf, Australia, Proc. Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia Symposium, p. 259-272. Wingate, M.T.D. & D.A.D. Evans (2003)- Paleomagnetic constraints on the Proterozoic tectonic evolution of Australia. In: M. Yoshida et al. (eds.) Proterozoic East Gondwana: supercontinent assembly and breakup, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 206, p. 77-91. (Discusssion of Proterozoic assembly of tectonic blocks of Australia. N and W Australian cratonic assemblages in present relative positions since 1.7 Ga and joined to S Australian cratonic assemblage since at least 1.5 Ga) Woods, E.P. (1998)- Extensional structures of the Jabiru Terrace, Vulcan sub-basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North West Shelf, Australia. Proc. NW Shelf Symposium, Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia, p. 311-330. Woods, E.P. (2004)- A salt-related detachment model for the development of the Vulcan sub-basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Explor. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p.259-273. Woods, E.P. (2004)- Twenty years of Vulcan Sub-basin exploration since Jabiru- what lessons have been learnt? In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Surv., Darwin, p. 83-97. Wormald, G.B. (1988)- The geology of the Challis oilfield- Timor Sea, Australia. In: Petroleum in Australia: the First Century. APEA/MacArthur Press, p. 425-437. Yeates, A.N. et al. (1987)- The Westralian Superbasin: an Australian link with Tethys. In: K.G. McKenzie (ed.) Shallow Tethys 2, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 199-213. Young, L.F., T.M. Schmedje & W.F. Muir (1995)- The Elang oil discovery bridges the gap in the Eastern Timor Sea (Timor Gap zone of cooperation). Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1995, p. 21Young, L.F., T.M. Schmedje & W.F. Muir (1995)- The Elang oil discovery establishes a new oil province in Eastern Timor Sea (Timor Gap ZOCA). APEA J. 35, 1, p. 44-64. Zaninetti, L., R. Martini & T. Dumont (1992)- Triassic foraminifers from sites 761 and 764, Wombat Plateau, Northwest Australia. In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.), Proc. ODP Sci. Results 122, p. 427-436. (Late Norian- Rhaetian forams from Wombat Plateau reefal platform carbonates) Zhen, Y.Y. & R.S. Nicoll (2009)- Biogeographic and biostratigraphic implications of the Serratognathus bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Sydney 61, p. 1-30. (Discovery of Serratognathus bilobatus in E Ordovician Emanuel Fm of Canning Basin indicates biogeographic link between Australia and E Gondwanan plates in E Ordovician and formation of 'Australasian Province'. S. bilobatus fauna from Canning Basin is more diverse than coeval Chinese Lower Ordovician successions and probably represents assemblage inhabiting relatively deeper water (mid-outer shelf) facies. E Ordovician paleobiogeographic reconstruction shows E Gondwana shows Australia- New Guinea in equatorial position)


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IX.8. Australia NE margin ('Tasmanides') Adams, C. & R. Korsch (2010)- Crossing the Tasman: tracking Torlesse Terrane rocks from New Zealand into the New England Orogen. 20th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts 98, p. 71-72. (Abstract only) (New Zealand Torlesse Supergroup extensive Permian-Cretaceous accretionary wedge of quartzose greywacke turbidites. Provenances continent‐derived, plutonic rock, best match with Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic sources in New England Orogen, with some Cambrian and Ordovician. Jurassic-Cretaceous ages dominant in North Island, Late Permian-Triassic in South Island. Oldest horizons close to S-most edge of terrane, with slivers with Late Carboniferous limestone, probably oceanic seamount and pelagic seafloor assemblages upon which Torlesse was later deposited. Oldest Torlesse records M Permian initiation (~270 Ma) of major Late Permian‐Triassic accretionary phase, supplied by erosion of contemporaneous magmatic arcs in E Australia) Aitchison, J. (1990)- Significance of Devonian-Carboniferous radiolarians from accretionary terranes of the New England orogen, eastern Australia. Marine Micropal. 15, p. 365-378. (Radiolarians provide age constraints for terranes in New England tectonic collage along E margin of Australia. Djungati terrane two siliceous sediment lithofacies: M Silurian- Late Devonian ocean-floor red, ribbon-bedded cherts and latest Devonian green tuffaceous cherts. Anaiwan terrane with latest Devonian and E Carboniferous radiolarians in cherts and tuffaceous siltstones. Yarrimie Fm of Gamilaroi terrane with Late Devonian (Frasnian) radiolarians and allochthonous blocks of limestone with Givetian conodonts and corals) Aitchison, J., M.C. Blake, P.G. Flood & A.S. Jayko (1994)- Paleozoic ophiolite assemblages within the southern New England Orogen of eastern Australia: implications for the growth of the Gondwana margin. Tectonics, 13, 1135-1149. (Narrow belt of E Cambrian ophiolite crops out near Peel- Manning Fault System, juxtaposed against younger arc and subduction complex terranes. May represent portions of Lachlan Fold Belt basement. M-L Devonian ophiolitic rocks in Yarras Complex comprise basement to Birpai subterrane and represent crustal cross section through rifted island arc. Periodic accretion of island arc systems to E margin of Gondwana suggests multiple phases of subduction with possibility of polarity reversals throughout the history of accretion) Aitchison, J.C., G.L. Clarke, S. Meffre & D. Cluzel (1995)- Eocene arc-continent collision in New Caledonia and implications for regional Southwest Pacific tectonic evolution. Geology 23, 2, p. 161-164. (New Caledonia four tectonic phases: (1) early Mesozoic development of subduction-related terranes and their accretion to Gondwana margin; (2) Cretaceous passive margin development and sea-floor spreading during Gondwana breakup; (3) foundering of oceanic basin and Eocene arrival of thinned Gondwana margin crust at SW-facing subduction zone, resulting in orogenesis and obduction of ophiolitic nappe from NE; (4) detachment faulting during extensional collapse, resulting in unroofing of metamorphic core complexes. Last phase explains supposedly anomalous metamorphic gradients in NE of island) Aitchison, J.C., A.M. Davis, J.M.C. Stratford & F.C.P. Spiller (1999)- Lower and Middle Devonian radiolarian biozonation of the Gamilaroi Terrane New England Orogen, Eastern Australia. Micropaleontology 45, 2, p. 138-162. (Seven uppermost Lower to M Devonian radiolarian assemblages in Gamilaroi terrane of E Australia. Gamilaroi terrane sedimentation occurred during Early (Pragian) to Late (Frasnian) Devonian in volcanic island arc environment with abundant radiolarians. Assemblages are dominated by spumellarians) Aitchison, J.C. & P.G. Flood (1992)- Early Permian transform margin development of the southern New England Orogen, eastern Australia (eastern Gondwana). Tectonics 11, 6, p. 1385-1391. (S New England orogen evolved from zone of high-angle plate convergence during Carboniferous, into either transform margin or highly oblique-convergent margin by E Permian) Aitchison, J.C. & P.G. Flood (1992)- Implications of radiolarian research for analysis of subduction complex terranes in the New England Orogen, NSW, Australia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 96, p. 89-102.


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Aitchison, J.C. & P.G. Flood (1994)- Gamilaroi Terrane: a Devonian rifted intra-oceanic island-arc assemblage, NSW, Australia. In: J.L. Smellie (ed.) Volcanism associated with extension at consuming plate margins, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 81, p. 155-168. (Devonian Gamilaroi terrane of New England orogen is intra-oceanic island arc, with local rifting. Oceanic crust between Gamilaroi terrane and Gondwana subducted E-wards under W margin of Gamilaroi terrane arc. Gamilaroi terrane obducted onto Gondwana margin in latest Devonian, resulting in subduction flip and subsequent development of E-facing continental margin arc system on top of Gamilaroi terrane) Aitchison, J.C., P.G. Flood & F.C.P. Spiller (1992)- Tectonic setting and paleoenvironment of terranes in the southern New England orogen, eastern Australia as constrained by radiolarian biostratigraphy. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 94, p. 31-54. (Radiolarians abundant in Gamilaroi, Djungati and Anaiwan terranes of New England orogen in E Australia. Oldest rocks of Gamilaroi terrane probably Devonian, part of intra-oceanic island arc succession which accreted to E margin of Australia at end of Devonian. Overlain by Carboniferous, continental arc sequence of successor basin. Djungati terrane was part of oceanic basin in M Silurian- Late Devonian, influenced by volcanic island arc activity and tectonically disrupted in latest Devonian- E Carboniferous) Aitchison J.C., & T.R. Ireland (1995)- Age profile of ophiolitic rocks across the Late Palaeozoic New England Orogen, New South Wales: implications for tectonic models. Australian J. Earth Sci. 42, p. 11-23. Allen, C.M., I.S. Williams, , C.J. Stephens, & C.R. Fielding (1998)- Granite genesis and basin formation in an extensional setting: the magmatic history of the northernmost New England Orogen. Australian J. Earth Sci. 45, p. 875-888 Arnold, G.O. & J.F. Faulkner (1980)- The Broken River and Hodgkinson Provinces. In: R.A. Henderson & P.J. Stephenson (eds.) The geology and geophysics of Northeastern Australia, Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland Division, Brisbane, p. 175-189. Bain, J.H.C. & J.J. Draper (1997)- North Queensland Geology. Australian Geol. Survey Org. Bull. 240 and Queensland Dept. Mines and Energy Queensland Geology 9, p. . Baker, J.C., C.R. Fielding, P. de Caritat & M.M. Wilkinson, (1993)- Permian evolution of sandstone composition in a complex back-arc extensional to foreland basin: the Bowen Basin, eastern Australia. J. Sedim. Petrol. 63, p. 881-893. Belousova, E.A., W.L. Griffin, S.R. Shee, S.E. Jackson & S.Y. O'Reilly (2001)- Two age populations of zircons from the Timber Creek kimberlites, Northern Territory, as determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS analysis. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 48, p. 757-765. (Two populations of kimberlitic zircon in Timber Creek kimberlites, N Territory: 1483 ± 15 Ma for main group (inherited) and 179 ± 2 Ma (E Jurassic emplacement age)) Black, L.P., R.J. Bultitude, S.S.Sun, J. Knutson & R.S. Blewett (1992)- Emplacement ages of granitic rocks in the Coen Inlier (Cape York): implications for local geological and regional correlation: BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 13, p. 191-200. Blewett, R.S. & L.P. Black (1998)- Structural and temporal framework of the Coen Region, north Queensland: implications for major tectonothermal events in east and north Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 45, p. 597-609. (Coen Region Proterozoic (Yambo, Savannah) and Paleozoic (Pama, Kennedy) Provinces. N Queensland two major crust‐forming periods: Proterozoic (1800-1550 Ma) and Paleozoic (430-280 Ma), with intervening 1000 million years of quiescence interrupted by minor Grenville‐age modification (1300-1000 Ma). Coen Region intraplate, with plate‐margin processes further E) Boger, S.D. & D. Hansen (2004)- Metamorphic evolution of the Georgetown Inlier, northeast Queensland, Australia; evidence for an accreted Palaeoproterozoic terrane? J. Metamorphic Geol. 22, p. 511-527. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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(Georgetown Inlier, NE Australia, two separate metamorphic events: (1) contemporaneously with Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic orogenesis; (2) thermal overprint with emplacement of Forsayth Batholith (c. 1550 Ma)) Brakel, A.T., J.M. Totterdell, A.T. Wells & M.G. Nicoll (2009)- Sequence stratigraphy and fill history of the Bowen Basin, Queensland. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 401-432. (Regional seismic synthesis of 10 km-thick continental-shallow marine succession of Bowen Basin revealed 3 basin-fill episodes and 9 depositional supersequences. (A:) E Permian volcanics and half-graben development in separate troughs with fluvio-lacustrine sediments including coal. In subsequent thermal subsidence phase, four marine supersequences (B-E) were generated. Foreland loading in Late Permian-Triassic, with pulses of thrust loading and 4 supersequences (F-I). Later part of F mainly non-marine coal measures. Foreland-loading phase greatest rate of subsidence since initial rift, but little evidence of widespread marine flooding) Bruce, M.C. & Y.L. Niu (2000)- Early Permian supra-subduction assemblage of the South Island terrane, Percy Isles, New England Fold Belt, Queensland. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, p. 1077-1086. (South Island of Percy Isles off Queensland dominated by serpentinised ultramafic rocks. E Permian age (~277 Ma) of calc-alkaline, intermediate volcanics and granitoids from South Island terrane similar to that of Gympie terrane (270-280 Ma) and Berserker terrane of C-E Queensland and may represent different sections of same oceanic arc) Bruce, M.C, Y. Niu, T.A. Harbort & R.J. Holcombe (2000)- Petrological, geochemical and geochronological evidence for a Neoproterozoic ocean basin recorded in the Marlborough terrane of the northern New England Fold Belt. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, p. 1053-1064. (Marlborough Terrane largest (~700km2) ultramafic-mafic complex in E Australia. Terrane is near-horizontal, out-of-sequence thin-skinned nappe sheet and has sea-floor spreading centre origin. Crystallisation age of ~562 Ma suggests Late Neoproterozoic ocean basin. New England Fold Belt may have developed on oceanic crust, following oceanward migration of subduction zone at ~540 Ma) Bryan, S.E. (2007)- Silicic large igneous provinces. Episodes 30, 1, p. 20-31. (online at: http://www.episodes.co.in/www/backissues/301/20-31%20Bryan.pdf) (Review of Large Igneous Provinces, including Cretaceous (~132-95 Ma; Aptian-Albian) Whitsunday and Late Carboniferous- Early Permian (~320-280 Ma) Kennedy-Connors-Auburn Group from NE margin of Australia) Bryan, S.E., A.E. Constantine, C.J. Stephens, A. Ewart, R.W. Schon & J. Parianos (1997)- Early Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary successions along the eastern Australian continental margin: implications for the break-up of eastern Gondwana. Earth Planet. Sci.Lett. 153, p. 85-102. (Two large E Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary provinces in NE Australia (Whitsunday and Great Artesian Basin), and one in SE (Otway/Gippsland). Whitsunday VP part of mafic-silicic, high-K calc-alkaline pyroclastic volcanic belt that extends for >900 km along C and S Queensland coast. Ages 132-95 Ma, but main event between ∼120-105 Ma (Albian). Represents volcanism related to rifting/ break-up of E Gondwana margin) Bryan, S.E., A. Ewart, C.J. Stephens, J. Parianos & P.J. Downes (2000)- The Whitsunday Volcanic Province, Central Queensland, Australia: lithological and stratigraphic investigations of a silicic-dominated large igneous province. J. Volcan. Geothermal Res. 99, p. 55-78. (Silicic-dominated Whitsunday Volcanic Province of NE Australia, dominated by dacitic to rhyolitic ignimbrite, related to break-up of E continental Gondwana and source of of coeval volcanogenic sediment in adjacent basins. Volcanic sequences intruded by gabbro/dolerite to rhyolite dykes, sills and comagmatic granite) Bryan, S.E., R.J. Holcombe, & C.R. Fielding (2001)- The Yarrol terrane of the northern New England Fold Belt: fore-arc or back-arc? Austral. J. Earth Sci. 48, p. 293-316. (Question ‘classical’ forearc model for Yarrol Basin of N New England Fold Belt) Bryan, S.E., R.J. Holcombe, & C.R. Fielding (2003)- Reply- The Yarrol terrane of the northern New England Fold Belt: fore-arc or back-arc? Discussion and Reply. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 50, p. 278-293. (Reply to critical discussion by Murray, Blake et al. (2003) of Bryan et al. (2001) paper)


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Bultitude, R.J. & D.C. Champion (1992)- Granites of the eastern Hodgkinson Province: their field and petrographic characteristics. Dept. of Resource Industries, Queensland, p. 1-202. Bultitude, R.J., P.J. Donchak, J. Domagala & B.G. Fordham (1993)- The Pre-Mesozoic stratigraphy and structure of the western Hodgkinson Province and environs. Geological Survey of Queensland, Record 1993/29, p. 1-259. (Detailed report on Ordovician- Carboniferous stratigraphy of Hodgkinson Province. Ordovician-Silurian limestone-dominated. Devoniian turbidite-dominated Chilligoe and Hodgkinson Fms until Late Devonian (Famennian) when E-directed thrusting halted deep-water sedimentation. Area effectively cratonised by numerous Late Carboniferous- E Permian(~320- 275 Ma) granite plutons and subaerial volcanic sequences (part of N Queensland Volcanic-Plutonic Province). M Jurassic-E Cretaceous fluvialshallow-marine quartzose sands and gravels deposited in W part of region) Bultitude, R.J., P.J. Donchak, J. Domagala, B.G. Fordham & D.C. Champion (1990)- Geology and tectonics of the Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland. In: Proc. 1990 Pacific Rim Congr., Gold Coast 1990, Australasian Inst. Min. Metall. 3, p. 75-81. (Hodgkinson Province is N part of Tasman Orogen, with extensive outcrops of Silurian-Devonian in Queensland. Siliciclastic turbidites dominant, with common mafic volcanics and fossiliferous limestones near W margin. Complex deformational history, numerous thrust faults. Up to five major deformational events, mostly in E-M Carboniferous, pre-dating Late Carboniferous- Late Permian granites. Dominant NNW-NW oriented cleavage pre-dates deposition of M Jurassic- E Cretaceous sediments of Laura Basin. Late Permian- E Triassic deformational event?) Bultitude, R.J., P.D.Garrad, P.J.T.Donchak, J. Domagala, D.C. Champion, I.D. Rees et al. (1997)- Cairns Region. In: J.H.C. Bain & J.J. Draper (eds.) North Queensland Geology, Chapter 7, AGSO Bull. 240, p. 225325. Burrow, C.J., S. Turner & G.C. Young (2010)- Middle Palaeozoic microvertebrate assemblages and biogeography of East Gondwana (Australasia, Antarctica). Palaeoworld 19, p. 37-54. (On Silurian- Carboniferous fish remains from Australia and links to other regions) Campbell, L.M., R.J. Holcombe & C.R. Fielding (1999)- The Esk Basin- a Triassic foreland basin within the northern New England Orogen. In: P.G. Flood (ed.) Regional geology, tectonics and metallogenesis, New England Orogen, NEO ’99, University of New England, Armidale 1999, p. 275-284. (Evolutionary history of Esk Basin redefined as consisting of E Permian phase of extension, M-Permian passive thermal subsidence and latest Permian–E Triassic foreland loading, paralleling tectonic evolution of Bowen Basin. Esk Basin developed in depocentre on SE margin of larger Bowen Basin and likely contiguous with it. Continental volcanic-arc active in E-M Triassic in SE Queensland, during hiatus in deformation. Hunter-Bowen Orogeny produced exposed fold-thrust highland by E Triassic arc magmatism migrated W onto continent, and that terminal thrusting of orogenic event occurred prior to end of M Triassic) Caprarelli, G. & E.C. Leitch (1998)- Magmatic changes during the stabilisation of a cordilleran fold belt: the Late Carboniferous–Triassic igneous history of eastern New South Wales, Australia. Lithos 45, p. 413-430. (Between Late Carboniferous and Late Permian, magmatic arc in New England Fold Belt in NE NSW shifted Eward and changed in trend from NNW to N. Devonian-Late Carboniferous arc located in W of Fold Belt, Late Permian-Triassic mainly in earlier forearc. Growth of younger arc accompanied by compressional deformation that stabilised New England Fold Belt. During transition two suites of S-type granitoids: Hillgrove at ~305 Ma during compressional and regional metamorphism episode and Bundarra at ~280 Ma during late extensional episode. Termination of earlier arc resulted from shallow breakoff of downgoing plate) Cawood, P.A. (1982)- Structural relations in the subduction complex of the Paleozoic New England fold belt, Eastern Australia. The J. Geology 90, p. 381-392.


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Cawood, P.A. (1984)- The development of the SW Pacific margin of Gondwana: correlations between the Rangitata and New England orogens. Tectonics 3, 5, p. 539-553. (Prior to formation of Tasman Sea, Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic Rangitata Orogen of New Zealand and New Caledonia abutted New England Orogen of E Australia. Similar Permian-Cretaceous igneous and deformational events in two orogens: (1) termination of arc volcanism and widespread sedimentation in New England, together with onset of regional deformation and crustal anatexis synchronous with start of volcanism and sedimentation in Rangitata Orogen; (2) E Permian andesitic volcanism in E New England is along-strike extension of Brook Street terrane of New Zealand; (3) Late Permian regional deformation in New England coincides with break in subduction- related igneous activity in New England and Rangitata Orogens and shift in locus of activity; (4) Late Permian-Triassic calc-alkaline igneous activity in New England correlates with pyroclastic material in forearc basin of Rangitata Orogen; (5) cessation of plutonism in New England corresponds with start of Esk Head Melange in New Zealand and probable commencement of juxtaposition of Te Anau and Alpine Assemblage; (6) Late Cretaceous epizonal plutons in New England Orogen similar to final Rangitata orogenesis, both marking initial rifting associated with formation of Tasman Sea) Cawood, P.A. (2005)- Terra Australis orogen: Rodinia breakup and development of the Pacific and Iapetus margins of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic. Earth-Science Rev. 69, p. 249-279. Cawood, P.A. & G. Buchan (2007)- Linking accretionary orogenesis with supercontinent assembly. EarthScience Rev. 82, p. 217–256 Cawood, P.A. & R.J. Korsch (2008)- Assembling Australia: Proterozoic building of a continent. Precambrian Res. 166, p. 1-35. Cawood, P.A. & E.C. Leitch (1984)- Accretion and dispersal tectonics of the southern New England foldbelt, Eastern Australia. In: D.G. Howell (ed.) Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Circum-Pacific region, Circum Pacicific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Sci. Ser. 1, p. 481-492. Cawood, P.A., E.C. Leitch, R.E. Merle & A.A. Nemchin (2010)- Earliest Permian non‐collisional orogeny and basin formation in the southern New England fold belt sector of the Terra Australis Orogen. 20th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts 98, p. 70 (Abstract only) (Tablelands Orogeny major tectonothermal event around Carboniferous-Permian boundary, between 305-295 Ma, with HT/LP metamorphism, ending long-lived subduction‐related magmatic arc activity in W New England. Followed by development of new E Permian arc (S‐type granites) and contemporaneous extensional basins on accretionary complex of older arc system. Major stratigraphic break in Tamworth Belt in latest Carboniferous, with removal of several 1000m of M Devonian- Carboniferous strata before E Permian) Cawood, P.A., E.C. Leitch, R.E. Merle & A.A. Nemchin (2011)- Orogenesis without collision: stabilizing the Terra Australis accretionary orogen, eastern Australia. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 123, 11-12, p. 2240-2255. (Convergent margin magmatism along W margin of New England foldbelt ended latest Carboniferous (~305 Ma), followed by short pulse of compressional deformation/ metamorphism. Followed by onset of clastic sedimentation and local calc-alkaline volcanism, dated at 293 Ma in extensional Barnard Basin. Emplacement of S-type granites with high-T metamorphism at 296-288 Ma. Hunter-Bowen orogenic phase regional deformation/ metamorphism at ~265-260 Ma, associated with I-type plutonism and volcanic activity in New England that ceased around 230 Ma, marking end of Gondwanide orogenesis. No evidence that deformation was related to collision with major lithospheric mass. Widespread development of extensional basins in E third of Australia in E Permian indicates controls acting on continental scale, probably changing plate kinematics) Cawood, P.A., S.A. Pisarevsky & E.C. Leitch (2011)- Unraveling the New England orocline, east Gondwana accretionary margin. Tectonics 30, TC5002, p. (New England orocline developed during Late Paleozoic- early Mesozoic Gondwanide Orogeny (310–230 Ma), which deformed pre-Permian arc assemblage (W magmatic arc, adjoining forearc basin and E subduction complex). Buckling of arc system about vertical axis during N-ward translation of S segment of arc system


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against N segment, which is pinned relative to cratonic Gondwana. Timing of final stage of orocline formation (∼270-265 Ma; ~ M Permian) overlaps with major gap in magmatic activity) Champion, D.C. & R.J. Bultitude (1994)- Granites of the eastern Hodgkinson Province. II. their geochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic characteristics and implications for petrogenesis and crustal structure in north Queensland. Queensland Geological record, Dept. of Minerals and Energy, Queensland, p. 1-113. Champion, D.C. & R.J. Bultitude (2003)- Granites of North Queensland. In: P. Blevin et al (eds.) The Ishihara Symposium: Granites and associated metallogenesis, Macquarie University, Geoscience Australia Record 2003/14, p. 19-23. (online at: www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA3675.pdf) (North Queensland major episodes of granite formation in Mesoproterozoic (~1550 Ma), Cambrian-Ordovician (~480-460 Ma; Macrossan Igneous Province, Silurian- Devonian (~430-380 Ma; Pama Igneous Province), and Carboniferous- Late Permian (~ 330-260 Ma; Kennedy Igneous Province; most voluminous, 3 age subgroups) Chappell, B.W. (1994)- Lachlan and New England: fold belts of contrasting magmatic and tectonic development. J. and Proc. Royal Soc. New South Wales 127, p. 47-59. Chaproniere, G.C.H., C.J. Pigram, P.A. Symonds & P.J. Davies (1990)- The Northeast Australian margin and adjacent areas- a biostratigraphic review and geohistory analysis. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Record 1990/7, p. 1-30. (online (without plates) at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA13885.pdf) (Review of M Eocene- Recent biostratigraphy of NE Australian offshore wells in SE Papuan and Capricorn/ S Great Barrier Reef Basins, DSDP Sites in Coral Sea Basin and Lord Howe Rise and dredge samples. Anchor Cay 1 well with Late Eocene Pellatispira. Early Oligocene unconformity in most S Papuan/ Capricorn wells) Collins, W.J. & S.W. Richards (2008)- Geodynamic significance of ‘post-collisional’ S-type granites in circumPacific orogens. Geology 36, p. 559-562. (Delamerian, Lachlan and New England orogens characterized by ‘tripartite associations’ of (1) belts of S-type granite and associated high T-low P metamorphic complexes, (2) outboard oceanic arc sequences, remnants of which are preserved as greenstones, and (3) intervening, slightly younger back-arc basins into which I-type plutons are emplaced. Four tripartite associations: M Cambrian, Cambrian-Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous, each representing distinct phase of arc retreat, magmatism, and back-arc rifting that followed major compressive event associated with closure of precursor back-arc basin) Coney, P.J. (1992)- The Lachlan belt of eastern Australia and Circum-Pacific tectonic evolution. Tectonophysics 214, p. 1-25. (Pacific Ocean basin remarkable permanency through Phanerozoic, with accretionary continental margin orogens showing little evidence of continental collisions (unlike Circum-Atlantic and Tethyan realms). Through Paleozoic- E Mesozoic South America, Antarctica, and Australia were joined along SE, S and SW margins of Pacific Ocean, with Pacific margin orogenic system extending for 20,000 km from NW South America to NE Australia. Lachlan Fold Belt E Paleozoic deep-marine turbiditic facies common along margin, often directly juxtaposed against cratonic interior. Prolonged histories of Late Precambrian- Late Cambrian, then E SilurianE Mesozoic convergent to transpressive and accretionary tectonics, often accompanied by magmatism) Coney, P.J., A. Edwards, R. Hine, F. Morrison & D. Windrum (1990)- The regional tectonics of the Tasman orogenic system, Eastern Australia. J. Struct. Geol. 12, p. 519-543. (Tectonic evolution of Tasman orogen four main phases: (1) late Proterozoic- E Paleozoic, generally deepmarine turbiditic sedimentation submarine volcanism, and shifting deformation, metamorphism and plutonism; (2) major mid-Paleozoic deformation, volcanism and plutonism; (3) major accretionary phase in outer New England belt of terranes that culminated in Late Paleozoic and continuing into E Mesozoic; (4) extensional break-up of Gondwanaland in Cretaceous, continuing to present)


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Craven, S.J., N.R. Daczko & J.A. Halpin (2012)- Thermal gradient and timing of high-T-low-P metamorphism in the Wongwibinda Metamorphic Complex, southern New England Orogen, Australia. J. Metamorphic Geol. 30, p. 3-20. (online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2011.00949.x/pdf) (Wongwibinda high T- low P Metamorphic Complex in S New England Orogen (variably metamorphosed Devonian-Carboniferous turbidites, intruded by granodiorite/granitoids). Overall increase in metamorphic grade from W to E. Age peak metamorphism ~297 Ma. Zircon U-Pb crystallization age in granodiorite 290.5 Ma, suggesting confirming pluton emplacement post-dates peak HTLP metamorphism (both earliest Permian)) Crawford, A.J., S. Meffre & P.A. Symonds (2003)- 120 to 0 Ma tectonic evolution of the southwest Pacific and analogous geological evolution of the 600 to 220 Ma Tasman Fold Belt System. Geol. Soc. Australia Spec. Publ. 22, p. 377-397. (or Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 372, p. 383-403). (Elongate microcontinental ribbons (Lord Howe Rise, Norfolk-New Caledonia Ridge) calved off E Australia during ~120-52 Ma extension, with oceanic crust formation from 85-52 Ma, producing Tasman Sea and S Loyalty Basin. Change in Pacific plate motion at ~55 Ma initiated E-directed subduction along recently extinct spreading centre in S Loyalty Basin. Subduction of S Loyalty Basin crust led to arrival at ~38 Ma of 70-60 My old Norfolk Ridge volcanic passive margin at trench, and W-directed emplacement of New Caledonia ophiolite. After locking of subduction zone at 38-34 Ma, subduction jumped E to form new W-dipping subduction zone and Vitiaz arc. Arc splitting episodes fragmented Vitiaz arc to form S Fiji (31-25 Ma) and N Fiji Basins (10 Ma- present). Collision of Ontong Java Plateau with Solomons section of Vitiaz arc resulted in reversal of subduction polarity, and growth of Vanuatu arc. Continued rollback of trench fronting Tonga arc since 6 Ma split this arc to form Lau Basin-Havre Trough. SW Pacific style of crustal growth above rolling-back slab applied to Tasman Fold Belt) Crouch, S.B.S. (1999)- Geology, tectonic setting and metallogenesis of the Berserker subprovince, northern New England Orogen. Queensland Government Mining J. 100, p. 6-14. (Glen 2005: Early Permian volcanics, erupted in back-arc or intra-arc setting) Davies, P.J., J.A. McKenzie, A. Palmer-Julson et al. (1991)- Introduction. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), Init. Repts. 133, College Station, p. 5-30. (online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/133_IR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/ir133_01.pdf) (With cross-sections of Queensland and Townsville Troughs) Davies, P.J., P.A. Symonds, D.A. Feary & C.J. Pigram (1988)- Facies models in exploration- the carbonate platforms of northeast Australia. APEA J. 28, p. 123-143. Davies, P.J., P.A. Symonds, D.A. Feary & C.J. Pigram (1989)- The evolution of the carbonate platforms of northeast Australia. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Publ. 44, p. 233-258. Davis, B.K., C.C. Bell & M. Lindsay (2002)- A single late orogenic Permian episode of gold mineralization in the Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland, Australia. Economic Geol. 97, 2, p. 311-323. (Quartz-hosted gold deposits in Hodgkinson province widely distributed, emplaced during the waning stages of D 4, main contractional phase of Permian-Triassic Hunter-Bowen orogeny, associated syn-D 4 Whypalla supersuite, indicating mineralization in E Permian or later) Davis, B.K., R.A. Henderson & R.J. Bultitude (1998)- Evidence for a major crustal dislocation in the Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 45,6, p. 937-942. (Late Paleozoic granites intruding multiply deformed Silurian‐Devonian strata of Hodgkinson Province, N Queensland, display pronounced WNW-ESE orientations, reflecting zone of structuring during post‐D2 regional deformation and reactivated in Hunter‐Bowen Orogeny (D4), with overall sinistral displacement) Davis, B.K., R.A. Henderson & R.Wysoczanski (1998)- Timing of granite emplacement under conditions of low strain in the northern Tasman Orogenic Zone, Australia. Tectonophysics 284, 3, p. 179-202.


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(Granite plutons of Mount Alto and Whypalla supersuites intruded in S of multiply deformed Silurian-Devonian Hodgkinson Province during E Permian. Wall rocks contain evidence for four deformation events. Main stage of granite emplacement during weak contractional D3 deformation) Day, R.W., L.C. Cranfield & H. Schwarzbock (1974)- Stratigraphy and structural setting of Mesozoic basins in southeastern Queensland and northeastern New SouthWales. In: A.K. Denmead et al. (eds.) The Tasman Geosyncline, a Symposium. Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland Div., p. 319-363. Day, R.W., C.G. Murray & W.G. Whitaker (1978)- The eastern part of the Tasman Orogenic Zone. Tectonophysics 48, p. 327-364. (E part of Tasman Orogenic Zone (or Fold Belt System) comprises Hodgkinson-Broken River Orogen in N (Ordovician- E Carboniferous volcaniclastic flysch with shelf carbonate facies sediments) and New England Orogen in centre and S (Silurian-Triassic). Two zones, now separated by Alpine-type ultramafic belts: W: partly on E Paleozoic continental crust with Late Silurian- E Permian volcanic-arc deposits, in E: probably on oceanic crust, with pelagic sediments, flysch and ophiolites of Silurian- E Permian age. New England Orogen viewed as Pacific-type continental margin with calc-alkaline volcanic arc in W, volcaniclastic continental shelf in centre and in E continental slope and oceanic basin) De Keyser, F. & K.G. Lucas (1968)- Geology of the Hodgkinson and Laura Basins, North Queeensland. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. Bull. 84, p. 1-245. (online at: http://www-a.ga.gov.au/web_temp/1187541/Bull_084.pdf) (Hodgkinson Basin of N Queensland thick folded Paleozoic sediments (incl. limestones with corals Halysites, Favosites, Heliolites, etc.), unconformably overlain by Jurassic- Cretaceous sand-dominated sediments of Laura Basin) Denaro, T., C. Ramsden & D. Brown (2007)- Queensland minerals, a summary of major mineral resources, mines and projects. Queensland Department of Mines and Energy, Indooroopilly, p. 1-1005. (partly online at: http://www.lgdi.net/resources/i/docs/11_qld_mineral_4th.pdf) (Overview of Queensland geology, igneous provinces and mineral occurrences) Direen, N.G. & A.J. Crawford (2003)- The Tasman Line: where is it, what is it, and is it Australia’s Rodinian breakup boundary? Australian J. Earth Sci. 50, p. 491-501. (Several different interpretations of position of Tasman Line, the boundary between Australian Precambrian craton in W and Early Palaeozoic foldbelts in E) Elliott, L. (1989)- The Surat and Bowen Basins. Australian Petroleum Explorers J. 29, p. 398-416. Elliott, L.G. (1993)- Post-Carboniferous tectonic evolution of eastern Australia. Austral. Petrol. Expl. Assoc. (APEA) J. 33, p. 215-236. Ewart, A., R.W. Schon & B.W. Chappell (1992)- The Cretaceous volcanic-plutonic province of the Central Queensland (Australia) coast- a rift related calc-alkaline province. Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, Earth Sci. 83, p. 327-345. Ewing, M., L.V. Hawkins & W.J. Ludwig (1970)- Crustal structure of the Coral Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 75, p. 1953-1962. (Seismic refraction data suggest M-U Paleozoic Tasmanide Belt continues offshore under Queensland Plateau. Coral Sea underlain by normal oceanic crust, with ~2.5 km of sediment cover) Exon, N.F. (1976)- Geology of the Surat Basin in Queensland. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph., Bull. 166, p. Exon, N.F., P.J. Hill, Y. Lafoy, C. Heine & G. Bernardel (2006)- Kenn Plateau off northeast Australia: a continental fragment in the Southwest Pacific jigsaw. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 53, 4, p. 541-564.


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(Kenn Plateau was part of E Australia, S of present Marion Plateau. Presumably underlain by PaleozoicTriassic basement of New England Fold Belt. Overlying sediments probably Late Triassic- Jurassic non-marine sediments, Early Cretaceous rift-volcanics, Late Cretaceous- Eocene synrift and sag marine sediments, etc.. Kenn Plateau started to separate from Queensland at ~63 Ma (Cretaceous- Tertiary boundary) Falvey D.A. & L.W.H. Taylor (1974)- Queensland plateau and Coral Sea Basin: structural and timestratigraphic patterns. Bull. Australian Soc. Exploration Geoph. 5, 4, p. 123-126. (W Coral Sea region contains one major and three minor marginal plateaux, partly surrounding deep abyssal plain. Coral Sea underlain by ~1km sediment and E Eocene oceanic crust. Queensland Plateau continental crust with Paleozoic basement rocks, tectonically part of onshore Tasman Geosyncline. Continental rifts beneath Queensland Trough and plateau/basin margin, with 1-3 km of U Cretaceous sediments on basement. Subsidence followed seafloor spreading in basin. Early Oligocene depositional break. Residual highs along old Palaeozoic trends subsided in E Miocene and locally capped by modern coral reefs) Feary, C.M., D.C. Champion, R.J. Bultitude & P.J. Davies (1993)- Igneous and metasedimentary basement lithofacies of the Queensland Plateau. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 133, p. 535-540. (online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/133_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr133_37.pdf) (Queensland Plateau basement penetrated at Sites 824 and 825 on W Queensland Plateau. Altered and deformed metasedimentary rocks, cut by relatively undeformed intermediate dikes. Similar to latest SilurianDevonian Hodgkinson Fm of N Queensland, a greywacke-shale-slate succession with turbiditic structures, cut by Late Paleozoic- E Mesozoic dike swarms, deposited in deep marine, extensional back-arc basin environment in Devonian, with deformation in E-M Carboniferous. Uplift and erosion produced peneplaned surface on which extensive M and Late Cenozoic carbonate reefs developed. Tasman Fold Belt much wider than outcrop width on Australian mainland) Fergusson, C.L. (1991)- Thin-skinned thrusting in the northern New England Orogen, central Queensland, Australia. Tectonics 10, 4, p. 797-806. (N New England Orogen and E Bowen Basin Late Permian- Middle Triassic deformation event ('Hunter-Bowen Orogeny'). W-directed, thin-skinned tectonics, NNW trending folds in Late Permian sediments) Fergusson, C.L. (2010)- Plate driven extension and convergence along the East Gondwana active margin: Late Silurian-Middle Devonian tectonics of the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 57, 5, p. 627-649. Fergusson, C.L., R.A. Henderson, C.M. Fanning & I.W. Withnall (2007)- Detrital zircon ages in Neoproterozoic to Ordovician siliciclastic rocks, northeastern Australia: implications for the tectonic history of the East Gondwana continental margin. J. Geol. Soc., London, 164, p. 215-225. (U-Pb detrital zircon ages in Neoproterozoic- E Paleozoic metamorphosed clastics of NE Australia show two major successions along E Gondwana margin (1) Late Neoproterozoic passive margin, with rifting at ~600 Ma. Most zircon ages 1000-1300 Ma; (2) E Paleozoic active margin of Gondwana that developed on former passive margin, with distinctive 510-600 Ma detrital zircon signature that is widespread in E Gondwana. Also 460-510 Ma zircon ages from local igneous sources) Fielding, C.R., T.D. Frank, L.P. Birgenheier, M.C. Rygel, A.T. Jones & J. Roberts (2008)- Stratigraphic imprint of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in eastern Australia: a record of alternating glacial and nonglacial climate regime. J. Geol. Soc., London, 165, p. 129-140. (online at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1102&context=geosciencefacpub) NSW and Queensland Carboniferous- Permian at least eight glacial intervals in mid-Carboniferous (~327 Ma) to early Late Permian (~260 Ma). Gradual demise of glaciation in Late Permian) Fielding, C.R., R. Sliwa, R.J. Holcombe & A.T. Jones (2001)- A new palaeogeographic synthesis for the Bowen, Gunnedah and Sydney Basins of eastern Australia. In: K.C. Hill & T. Bernecker (eds.) Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ., p. 269-278.


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Fielding, C.R., R. Sliwa, R. Holcombe & J. Kassan (2000)- A new palaeographic synthesis of the Bowen Basin of central Queensland. In: J.W. Beeston (ed.) Proc. Bowen Basin Symposium 2000, Geol. Soc. Australia, p. 287-302. Fielding, C.R., C.J. Stephens & R.J. Holcombe (1997)- Permian stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the eastern Bowen Basin, Gogango overfolded zone and Strathmuir synclinorium in the Rockhampton-Mackay region of Central Queensland. Geol. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ. 19, p. 80-95. (Connors-Auburn Arch E Permian continental volcanic arc at E side of Bowen basin. Did not form basinmarginal physiographic feature: Permian strata in Bowen Basin and New England Fold Belt correlative formations and facies assemblages on both sides of Arch) Fishwick, S., M. Heintz, B.LN. Kennett, A.M. Reading & K. Yoshizawa (2008)- Steps in lithospheric thickness within eastern Australia, evidence from surface wave tomography. Tectonics 27, TC4009, p. 1-17. (Lithospheric thickness of E Australia reconstructed from seismic surface wave tomographic model) Fordham, B.G. (1990)- Microfossils and gross structure and stratigraphy of the Silurian-Devonian Chillagoe Formation, western Hodgkinson Province, northeast Australia. Abstracts, Geol. Soc. Australia 25, p. 48-49. (Abstract only) (E Silurian- E Devonian radiolarian/ conodonts in flysch and limestone of Chillagoe Fm in imbricated thrust slices of Hodgkinson Province. Conodonts have CAl value of 5, consistent with prehnitepumpellyite to lower greenschist grade) Fordham, B. G. (1994)- Complex structure in the Mungana region of the Hodgkinson Province, and significance for exploration programs. In: Queensland Department of Minerals and Energy Symposium, Queensland Exploration Potential 1994, Handbook 32, Queensland Dept. Minerals and Energy, Brisbane, p. Foster, D.A. & D.R. Gray (2000)- Evolution and structure of the Lachlan fold belt (orogen) of Eastern Australia. Ann. Rev. Earth Sci. 2000, p. 47-80. (Stepwise shortening and accretion of Lachlan foldbelt, with deformation and metamorphism from Late Ordovician (450 Ma)- E Carboniferous. Dominant events at ~440-430 Ma and 400-380 Ma. Accretion of Lachlan and related Tasmanides belts added ~2.5 Mkm2 to surface area of Gondwana. Sedimentary, magmatic, and deformational processes converted oceanic turbidite fan system into continental crust of normal thickness) Foster, D.A. & D.R. Gray (2008)- Paleozoic crustal growth, structure, strain rate, and metallogeny in the Lachlan Orogen, eastern Australia. In: J.E. Spencer & S.R. Titley (eds.) Ores and orogenesis: Circum-Pacific tectonics, geologic evolution and ore deposits, Arizona Geol. Soc. Digest 22, p. 213- 226. Foster, D.A., D.R. Gray & C. Spaggiari (2005)- Timing of subduction and exhumation along the Cambrian East Gondwana margin and the formation of Paleozoic backarc basins. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 117, 1-2, p. 105-116. Foster, D.A., D.R. Gray, C. Spaggiari G. Kamenov & F.P. Bierlein (2009)- Palaeozoic Lachlan orogen, Australia; accretion and construction of continental crust in a marginal ocean setting: isotopic evidence from Cambrian metavolcanic rocks. In: Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 318, p. 329-349. (Lachlan orogen classic accretionary orogen between Paleo-Pacific subduction zone and Australian craton, probably on basement of mafic oceanic crust along with possible small fragments of older continental crust) Fukui, S., T. Tsujimori, T. Watanabe & T. Itaya (2012)- Tectono-metamorphic evolution of high P/T and lowP/T metamorphic rocks in the Tia complex, southern New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia: insights from K-Ar chronology. J. Asian Earth Sci., p. (in press) (Tia Complex in S New England Fold Belt is poly-metamorphosed Late Paleozoic accretionary complex. New K-Ar ages and geological data postulate model of E-ward rollback of a subduction zone in E Permian) Fukui, S., T. Watanabe, T. Itaya & C. Leitch (1995)- Middle Ordovician high PT metamorphic rocks in eastern Australia: evidence from K-Ar ages. Tectonics 14, 4, p. 1014-1020.


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(K-Ar dating of metamorphic rocks from S part of New England fold Belt indicated 3 metamorphic episodes, at ~260 Ma, between ~340-310 Ma, and ~470 Ma. The 470 Ma event, is High P and identified from blocks in serpentinite melange in lenses close to faulted boundary between Devonian-Carboniferous arc flank/ forearc basin rocks and oceanic rocks of similar age which make up an accretionary subduction complex) Gaina, C., R.D. Muller, J.Y. Royer, J. Stock, J. Hardebeck & P. Symonds (1998)- The tectonic evolution of the Tasman Sea: A tectonic puzzle with thirteen pieces. J. Geophys. Res., 103, B6, p. 12,413-12,433. (Model for tectonic evolution of Tasman between Australian and Lord Howe Rise plates from 73.6- 52 Ma when spreading ceased. Major tectonic event at 61 Ma), when counterclockwise change in spreading direction occurred, contemporaneous with similar event in SW Pacific Ocean. Tasman Sea rifting propagated from S to N in several stages and several rifts failed. 13 continental blocks acting as microplates between 90- 64 Ma) Gaina, C., R.D. Muller, J.Y. Royer & P. Symonds (1999)- Evolution of the Louisiade triple junction. J. Geophys. Res., 104, B6, p. 12,927-12,939. (Finite rotations for opening of Coral Sea differ from rotations of Tasman Sea opening, confirming triple junction between Australian Plate, Mellish Rise and Louisiade Plateau during opening of Coral Sea (62-52 Ma). Extension between Mellish Rise and Louisiade Plateau, and extensional and transform motion occurred between Australia and Mellish Rise. Extension in Osprey Embayment may explain small areas of oceanic crust W of Coral Sea Basin. W boundary of Coral Sea was NE-SW strike-slip fault, active between 58 and 52 Ma) Gaina, C., W.R. Roest, R.D. Muller & P. Symonds (1998)- The opening of the Tasman Sea: a gravity anomaly animation. Earth Interactions, 2-002, 23p. (online at: http://www.earthbyte.org/Resources/Movies/ei021.pdf) Gallagher, K., T.A. Dumitru & A.J.W. Gleadow (1994)- Constraints on the vertical motion of eastern Australia during the Mesozoic. Basin Research 6, p. 77-94. (Backstripping and AFT analysis of Eromanga, Surat and Clarence-Moreton basins show linear subsidence in Jurassic, with increasing subsidence towards E. Cretaceous preserved only in Eromanga Basin. Cretaceous probably deposited, then eroded over Surat and Clarence-Moreton Basins. Exhumation started in E in Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary. Removed section greater in E (~2.5 km) than in W (<1 km). Results suggest platform tilting, related to Jurassic- E Cretaceous subduction along E Australia. Cessation of subduction, and subsequent opening of Tasman Sea in Late Cretaceous accompanied by uplift on E margin and termination of widespread deposition on platform) Glen, R.A. (1992)- Thrust, extensional and strike-slip tectonics in an evolving Palaeozoic orogen- a structural synthesis of the Lachlan Orogen of southeastern Australia. Tectonophysics 214, p. 341-380. Glen, R.A. (2005)- The Tasmanides of Eastern Australia. In: A.P.M.Vaughan et al. (eds.) Terrane processes at the margins of Gondwana. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 246, p. 23-96. (Major review of Tasmanines foldbelt of E Australia. Five Neoproterozoic- Triassic orogenic belts along E margin of Gondwana, with internal Permian-Triassic rift- foreland basin system. Complex deformation ended with E Triassic accretion of intra-oceanic arc) Glen, R.A. & S. Meffre (2009)- Styles of Cenozoic collisions in the western and southwestern Pacific and their applications to Palaeozoic collisions in the Tasmanides of eastern Australia. Tectonophysics 479, p. 130-149. (Several styles of collisions in W and SW Pacific, mainly oblique and strike-slip collisions between island arcs and rifted continental fragments and collisions between forearc lithosphere and continental fragments. The 58 Ma collision along N Australian plate margin in New Guinea, 44–34 Ma collision in New Caledonia and 26-25 Ma collision in N Island New Zealand may be parts of single, S-migrating plate boundary collision. Collision between forearc crust and continental fragment produces subduction flip or rollback, thus avoiding classic arccontinent collision. Pacific style collisions applied to interpretation of Delamerian Orogen and Lachlan Orogen in S Tasmanides with varying degrees of success)


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Goscombe, P.W. & B.A. Coxhead (1995)- Clarence-Moreton, Surat, Eromanga, Nambour, and Mulgildie Basins. In: C.R. Ward et al. (eds.) Geology of Australian Coal Basins. Geol. Soc. Austr. Coal Geol. Grp., Spec. Publ. 1, p. 489-511. Gray, D.R., D.A. Foster & F.P. Bierlein (2002)- Geodynamics and metallogeny of the Lachlan Orogen. Australian J. Earth Sci. 49, p. 1041-1056. (Paleozoic Lachlan Orogen of E Australia is accretionary orogen made up of structurally thickened oceanic successions, including turbidites from deep-sea fans, andesitic volcanics from remnant island arcs, forearc sediments and slices of oceanic crust. Accretion by collapse of marginal basin during double divergent subduction. Stepwise deformation and metamorphism from Late Ordovician- E Carboniferous times formed three subprovinces. In W Subprovince, Ordovician turbidites host major lode Au deposits (C Victoria). In E Subprovince, porphyry Cu-Au deposits formed in Ordovician oceanic island arc) Gray, D.R., D.A. Foster & M. Bucher (1997)- Recognition and definition of orogenic events in the Lachlan Fold Belt. Australian J. Earth Sci. 44, 4, p. 489-501. (Unconformities used to establish orogenic framework for Lachlan Fold Belt. Four orogenic pulses between 440-340 Ma (Latest Ordovician- Late Devonian; Lachlan Orogeny) not regional events. M Devonian ‘Tabberabberan’ event (~380-370 Ma) represents limited deformation during amalgamation of W and C/E subprovinces. Orogeny over much of Lachlan Fold Belt progressive, ongoing and subduction‐controlled in complex oceanic, SW Pacific‐style setting, analogous to migrating deformation and sedimentation in accretionary wedges above subduction zones) Gray, D.R., D.A.Foster, R.J.Korsch & C.V. Spaggiari (2006)- Structural style and crustal architecture of the Tasmanides of eastern Australia, example of a composite accretionary orogen. In: S. Mazzoli et al. (eds.) Styles of continental contraction, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 414, p. 119-132. (E Australian Tasmanides both thin-skinned thrusting and thick-skinned faulting. Composite orogenic system made up of three orogenic belts: (1) former rifted passive margin to make Delamerian Orogen, (2) turbidite fan system(s) in back-arc setting to make Lachlan Orogen, (3) arc-subduction complex with older accreted components to make New England Orogen. New England Orogen constructed from craton-vergent, fore-arc and magmatic arc sequences, subduction complexes, and ophiolite fragments) Gray, D.R., D.A. Foster, R. Maas, C.V. Spaggiari, R.T. Gregory, B.D. Goscombe & K.H. Hoffmann (2007)Continental growth and recycling by accretion of deformed turbidite fans and remnant ocean basins: examples from Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic orogens. In: R.D. Hatcher et al. (eds) The 4D Framework of continental crust. Geol. Soc. America, Mem. 200, p. 63-92. Gust, D.A., C.J. Stephens & A.T. Grenfell (1993)- Granitoids of the northern NEO: their distribution in time and space and their tectonic implications. In: J.C. Aitchison & P.G. Flood (eds.) New England Orogen, Eastern Australia, Proc. NEO '93 Conference, University of New England, p. 565-572. (Half of exposed granites in N New England foldbelt have E-M Triassic ages, between 230-250 Ma, coeval with overwhelmingly andesitic terrestrial volcanism) Haig, D.W. (2008)- Cretaceous foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Queensland. Alcheringa 3, 3, p. 171-187. (On distribution of foraminiferids in Aptian-Albian marine deposits of Laura, Carpentaria, Eromanga and Surat Basins. Two main associations: Ammobaculites (hyposaline, cool, shallow water) and Marssonella (normal marine, open shelf ). Cool, hyposaline, shallow water conditions prevailed over much of Queensland. Open marine shelf conditions in Albian in Laura and NE Carpentaria Basins. Albian northern seaway to open ocean) Haig, D.W. & D. Barnbaum (1978)- Early Cretaceous microfossils from the type Wallumbilla Formation, Surat Basin, Queensland. Alcheringa 2, 2, p. 159-178. (Shallow marine fauna of probable Aptian age)


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Harrington, H.J. (1983)- Correlation of the Permian and Triassic Gympie terrane of Queensland with the Brook Street and Maitai terranes of New Zealand. In: Permian Geology of Queensland, Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland Division, Brisbane, p. 431-436. Harrington, H.J. (1987)- Tectonic setting of Permian coal basins of Eastern Australia. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 792-796. (Coal basins near E margin of Australia formed in foreland basin setting in front of growing orogen. Terminated and compressed when Gympie volcanic arc accreted to orogen) Harrington, H.J. (1987)- Geological units common to eastern Australia and New Zealand. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 801-804. (New Zealand is exposed part of subcontinent that separated from Australia when Tasman Sea opened in Late Cretaceous. Three main belts: (1) West: was part of Antarctica, (2) Central: Hokonui and Caples terranes, broadly correlate with Gympie Terrane of E Queensland, which is island arc/ forearc/ accretionary wedge terrane that accreted to Australasia in Mid-Triassic; (3) Torlesse rocks, emplaced over Caples in Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous strike-slip episodes) Harrington. H.J., A.T. Brakel, J.W. Hunt, A.T. Wells, M.F Middleton et al. (1989)- Permian coals of eastern Australia. Bur. Min. Res., Australia, Canberra, Bull. 231, p. Harrington, H.J. & R.J. Korsch (1985)- Tectonic model for the Devonian to Middle Permian of the New England Orogen. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 32, p. 163-179. Harrington, H.J. & R.J. Korsch (1987)- Oroclinal bending in the evolution of the New England- Yarrol Orogen and the Moreton Basin. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 797-800. Hashimoto, T., N. Rollet, V. Stagpoole, K. Higgins, P. Petkovic et al. (2010)- Geology and evolution of the Capel and Faust basins: petroleum prospectivity of the deepwater Tasman Sea frontier. New Zealand Petroleum Conf. 2010, p. 1-15. (online at: http://www.nzpam.govt.nz/cms/pdf-library/petroleum-conferences-1/2010-nzpc-technical-posterspapers/P24_Hashimoto_abstract.pdf) Hashimoto, T., N. Rollet, K. Higgins, V. Stagpoole, P. Petkovic, R. Hackney et al. (2011)- Petroleum prospectivity of the Eastern Australian deepwater frontier basins: insights from the Capel and Faust Basins. Poster AAPG Ann. Conv. Exh., Houston 2011, Search and Discovery Article 10358, 15p. (Large basin depocentres with up to 6 km of sediment in Tasman Sea region between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Formed during two Cretaceous extensional events preceding final breakup of E Gondwana margin. Syn-rift deposition initially dominated by volcanoclastics, then non-marine to shallow marine clastics) Hawkins, P.J. & L.J. Williams (1990)- Review of the geology and economic potential of the Laura Basin. Queensland Resource Industries, Record 1990/2, p. 1-36. (online at: https://qdexguest.deedi.qld.gov.au/…) Henderson, R.A. (1980)- Structural outline and summary geological history for north-eastern Australia. In: R.A. Henderson, & P.J. Stephenson (eds.) The geology and geophysics of North-eastern Australia, Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland Division, Brisbane, p. 1-26. (Hodgkinson Province of NE Queensland with folded-thrusted Silurian- Devonian turbidites interpreted as M Paleozoic accretionary prism) Henderson, R.A. (1987)- An oblique subduction and transform faulting model for the evolution of the Broken River Province, northern Tasman Orogenic Zone. Aust. J. Earth Sci., 34:237-249. (Suggests Marion and Queensland Plateux underlain by accretionary complex rocks of New England orogen?)


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Hill, P.J. (1992)- Capricorn and northern Tasman Basins: structure and depositional systems. Exploration Geoph. 23, 2, p. 153-162. (Capricorn Basin Late Cretaceous failed rift arm at N end of Tasman rift system. Late Cretaceous- E Paleogene syn-rift continental/restricted marine deposits overlain by Eocene-Recent mainly marine post-rift sediments. Basement structures generally N-NW trend. Discontinuous series of rift basins of various geometries. MidEocene compressional or transpressional event jproduced minor faulting/ folding and uplift/ erosion, attributed to plate reorganization at ~43 Ma. Late Oligocene volcanism in S Capricorn Basin, with volcanic edifices exposed on seafloor. In Tasman Basin, 3-km Cenozoic post-breakup sediments over oceanic basement and extended continental crust at base of continental slope) Hoffmann, K.L., J.M. Totterdell, O. Dixon, G.A. Simpson, A.T. Brakel, A.T. Wells & J.L. Mckellar (2009)- Sequence

stratigraphy of Jurassic strata in the lower Surat Basin succession, Queensland. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 461-476. (Non-marine sequence stratigraphy of Early- early Late Jurassic strata in lower part of Surat Basin) Holcombe, R.J.& T.A. Little (1994)- Blueschists of the New England Orogen: structural development of the Rocksberg Greenstone and associated units near Mt Mee, southeast Queensland. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 41, p. 115-130. (Blueschist facies rocks in Late Paleozoic New England Orogen in SE Queensland contains metamorphic structures and fabrics related to both subduction and uplift. Protoliths of the Rocksberg Greenstone were mafic volcaniclastics. Rocksberg Greenstone interpreted as remnants of volcaniclastic apron of seamount constructed on oceanic lithosphere. Seamount was dismembered in M Carboniferous. Overprinted by greenschist facies conditions during exhumation from depths of >18 km, which began in Late Carboniferous) Holcombe, R.J., C.J. Stephens, C.R. Fielding, D. Gust, T.A. Little et al. (1997)- Tectonic evolution of the northern New England Fold Belt: The Permian-Triassic Hunter-Bowen event. In: P.M. Ashley & P.G. Flood (eds.) Tectonics and metallogenesis of the New England Orogen, Geol. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ. 19, p. 52-65. (New England Fold Belt complex arrangement of terranes, dominated by contractional structures formed during Late Permian- late M Triassic Hunter-Bowen Orogeny (~265-230 Ma). ~35 My period records W-ward (East?; HvG) migration of continental magmatic arc during period of contraction, and subsequent transition to extensional (and ultimately intra-plate) setting. Half of exposed granitoids intermediate, E-M Triassic (250-230 Ma). Late Triassic (~230-220 Ma) change to extensional regime, with predominantly silicic granites and volcanics, and creation of small N-NW elongate basins (Ipswich, Tarong, etc.) unconformably over folded E-M Triassic rocks) Holcombe, R.J., C.J. Stephens, C.R. Fielding, D. Gust, T.A. Little et al. (1997)- Tectonic evolution of the northern New England Fold Belt: Carboniferous to Early Permian transition from active accretion to extension. In: P.M. Ashley & P.G. Flood (eds.) Tectonics and metallogenesis of the New England Orogen, Geol. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ. 19, p. 66-79. (Discussion of transition from active accretion in mid-Carboniferous to widespread extension through Late Carboniferous- E Permian. Transition interpreted in terms of E-ward retreat of convergent slab, and migration of volcanic arc offshore) Hunt, J.W. (1989)- Permian coals of eastern Australia: geological control of petrographic variation. Int. J. Coal Geol. 12,p. 589-634. (Coal types and geological controls in E Australia Permian basins (Sydney- Bowen foreland Basins in E, large cratonic Galilee- Cooper basins in W, and small cratonic Blair Athol, Wolfgang and Oaklands Basins)) Hutton, A.C. (2009)- Geological setting of Australasian coal deposits. In: R. Kininmonth & E. Baafi (eds.) Australasian Coal Mining Practice, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, p. 40-84. James, N.J., T.D. Frank & C.R. Fielding (2009)- Carbonate sedimentation in a Permian high-latitude, subpolar depositional realm: Queensland, Australia. J. Sedim. Res. 79, 3, p. 125-143.


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(Lower-Middle Permian limestones from NE Australia New England Foldbelt and Bowen basin typical cold water limestones without corals, fusulinids, etc.) Jansson, I.M., S. McLoughlin, V. Vajda & M. Pole (2008)- An Early Jurassic flora from the Clarence-Moreton Basin, Australia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 150, p. 5-21 (Low-diversity E Jurassic flora in floodbasin siltstones of Clarence-Moreton Basin. Basin has Late TriassicLate Jurassic sedimentary section over moderately deformed M-L Paleozoic accretionary prism and intrusive igneous rocks. Palynoflora dominated by Classopollis pollen and attributable to Late Pliensbachian- E Toarcian age (180-185 Ma) upper Corollina (=Classopollis) torosa Zone. Relatively humid palaeoclimate) Jeon, H., I.S. Williams, B.W. Chappell & V.C. Bennett (2010)- Implications of contrasting patterns of inherited zircon in the Late Palaeozoic granites of the Lachlan and New England fold belts. 20th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts 98, p. 249. (Abstract only) (Lachlan Foldbelt granites mostly Silurian‐Devonian, some in NE Carboniferous age. Inherited zircons same as detrital zircons in intruded Ordovician sediments. Two inheritance age patterns in Carboniferous (~340-325 Ma) I‐type granites. New England fold belt granites Permian‐Triassic in age, mainly E Permian (~290 Ma) S‐type and Late Permian (~250 Ma) I‐types. S‐type inherited zircon, mostly Carboniferous age (peaks at 310 and 330 Ma; same age as Carboniferous granites in LFB) Jones, A.T. & C.R. Fielding (2004)- Sedimentological record of the late Paleozoic glaciation in Queensland, Australia. Geology, 32, p. 153-156. Keep, M. (2003)- Physical modelling of deformation in the Tasman Orogenic Zone. Tectonophysics 375, p. 3747. Kemp, A.I.S., C.J. Hawkesworth, W.J. Collins, C.M. Gray, P.L. Blevin & EIMF (2009)- Isotopic evidence for rapid continental growth in an extensional accretionary orogen: The Tasmanides, eastern Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 284, p. 455-466. (Nd and zircon Hf–O isotope data used to study continental crust formation in Tasmanides (515-230 Ma), which formed by repeated opening and closure of sediment-filled back-arc basins behind long-lived subduction zone. Juvenile magmatic input enhanced during extensional, back-arc rifting episodes that followed crustal thickening, suggesting relationship between slab rollback and continental growth. Juvenile component in Tasmanide igneous rocks increased from Cambrian to Triassic, as subduction zone migrated outboard. Subduction zone retreat formed large tracts of new crust in E Australia at comparable rates to crust generation at modern island arcs) Kidane, T.B., M. Fuller & Y.I. Otofuji (2010)- Shipboard paleomagnetic age estimates for an acoustic basement emplacement in Marion Plateau, off northeast Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 57, 2, p. 231-241. (Shipboard paleomagnetic work on olivine basalt cores from bottom of ODP Leg 194 holes 1193C and 1198B give paleolatitude of Marion Plateau at 33.3°S, indicating possible emplacement time for basalt of either 130-110 Ma or 190-165 Ma. Latter result better fit with 40Ar/39Ar age of 162 ±1 Ma for basalt) Klootwijk C. (1985)- Paleomagnetism of the Tasman fold belt: indicaton for mid-Carboniferous large-scale southward displacement of the New England region. In: Third Circum Pacific Terrane Conf., Extended Abstracts 14, p. 124-127. Klootwijk C. (2009)- Sedimentary basins of eastern Australia: paleomagnetic constraints on geodynamic evolution in a global context. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 273-308. (L2 loop indicates Late Devonian- M Carboniferous N-ward excursion of NE Gondwanaland. Succeeding earlyLate Carboniferous S-ward movement of NE Gondwanaland was extremely fast and created extensional environment, initiating Westralian Superbasin. L3 loop reflects change in rotation of Gondwanaland from CCW (Late Carboniferous) to CW (E Permian), leading to Stephanian initiation of Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney basins)


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Korsch, R.J. (2004)- A Permian-Triassic retro-foreland thrust system- The New England Orogen, and adjacent sedimentary basins, Eastern Australia. In: Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 82, p. 515-537. (From Late Devonian to Triassic, E Australia was active, convergent plate margin with W-dipping subduction system. Permian-Triassic development, of major W-directed retroforeland thrust belt in N New England, with the formation of a thick foreland-basin phase in adjacent Bowen Basin to W) Korsch, R.J., C.J. Adams, L.P. Black, D.A. Foster, G.L. Fraser, C.G. Murray, C. Foudoulis & W.L. Griffin (2009)- Geochronology and provenance of the Late Paleozoic accretionary wedge and Gympie Terrane, New England Orogen, eastern Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 56, 5, p. 655-685. (New England Orogen result of Late Devonian- Triassic W-dipping subduction system at boundary of E Gondwanaland and Panthalassan Ocean. Late Paleozoic accretionary wedge contains deep-marine trench fill turbidites with in-faulted slices of oceanic crust. Turbidites first-cycle, immature, quartz-poor, volcanic-derived. Dating of detrital zircons and hornblendes show maximum depositional ages of 355-316 Ma for sediments in accretionary wedge, indicating accretionary wedge evolved over 40 Ma, with principal sources from active continental margin volcanic arc. Quartz-rich sandstones from E part of accretionary wedge with Late PaleozoicArchean zircon ages, indicating quartz-rich detritus from continental interior dominated depocentres) Korsch, R.J., C.J.Boreham, J.M. Totterdell, R.D. Shaw & M.G. Nicoll (1998)- Development and petroleum resource evaluation of the Bowen, Gunnedah and Surat Basins, Eastern Australia. APPEA J. 38, p. 199-237. Korsch, R.J. & H.J. Harrington (1981)- Stratigraphic and structural synthesis of the New England Orogen. Australian J. Earth Sci. 28, p. 205- 226. (Four principal sets of regional deformations: D1- pre-Late Carboniferous (could extend back into Devonian); D2-Late Carboniferous- E Permian (c. 295 Ma); D3-E Permian (c. 273 Ma); D4-Late Permian (c. 250 Ma). Korsch, R.J., P.E. O'Brien, M.J. Sexton, K.D. Wake-Dyster & A.T. Wells (1989)- Development of Mesozoic transtensional basins in easternmost Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 36, p. 13-28. (E Australia basins Esk Trough, Ipswich Basin and Clarence-Moreton Basin initiated by transtensional events in Late Permian or Early Triassic) Korsch, R.J. & J.M. Totterdell (2009)- Subsidence history and basin phases of the Bowen, Gunnedah and Surat Basins, eastern Australia. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 335-353. (E Permian- M Triassic Bowen and Gunnedah Basins and E Jurassic- E Cretaceous Surat Basin complex subsidence history over 200 My: (1) E Permian, rapid subsidence in half-grabens along W margin of BowenGunnedah Basins; extension ceased at ~280 Ma, followed by thermal subsidence with widespread, uniform sedimentation; (2) Late Permian foreland basin phase, driven by thrust loading to E in New England Orogen. very high rates of tectonic subsidence (3) peneplanation in Late Triassic; (4) sedimentation at start of Jurassic, forming Surat Basin, with tectonic subsidence driven by dynamically induced platform tilting; (5) subduction ceased at ~95 Ma, resulting in rapid uplift, due to rebound of lithosphere) Korsch, R.J., J.M. Totterdell, D.L. Cathro & M.G. Nicoll (2009)- Early Permian East Australian rift system. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 381-400. (E Permian- M Triassic Bowen and Gunnedah back-arc basins developed in response to tectonic events to E (W-dipping subduction system at convergent margin of E Gondwana). Initial extension part of major E Permian N-S trending East Australian Rift System from N Queensland to S New South Wales. Denison Trough now site of producing gasfields. E part of rift system commenced at ~305 Ma and volcanic-dominated. Half-grabens in and W of Bowen Basin non-volcanic, and initiated at ~285 Ma. Mechanical extension ceased at ~280 Ma, followed by thermal subsidence) Korsch, R.J., J.M. Totterdell, T. Fomin & M.G. Nicoll (2009)- Contractional structures and deformational events in the Bowen, Gunnedah and Surat Basins, eastern Australia. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 477-499. (Permian- Triassic Bowen and Gunnedah Basins formed in backarc setting, initially extensional, but switched to contractional in mid-Permian, with major W-directed thrust belt in New England Orogen and foreland basin


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phase to W in Bowen-Gunnedah. Inversion of E Permian extensional faults as thrusts. During Late PermianLate Triassic period of rapid subsidence driven by thrust loading several short periods of non-deposition and contraction. Final contractional event in early Late Cretaceous corresponds with cessation of sedimentation in Surat Basin, uplift and reactivation of earlier structures) Korsch, R.J., K.D. Wake-Dyster & D.W. Johnstone (1991)- Structure of the Permian-Mesozoic eastern Australian Basins complex, with emphasis on the BMR Bowen Basin deep seismic profiles. Exploration Geoph. 22, 1, p. 223-226. (Permian Taroom Trough (S extension of Bowen Basin) interpreted as transtensional basin. Small flower structures in overlying Jurassic sediments are transpressional features due to reactivation of faults. Bowen Basin Late Permian- E Triassic sedimentary wedge thickening to E, initiated during a period of extension oriented ENE-WSW in latest Carboniferous or earliest Permian) Kositcin, N., D.C. Champion & D.L. Huston (2009)- Geodynamic synthesis of the North Queensland region and implications for metallogeny. Geoscience Australia Record 2009/30, p. 1-196. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA15518.pdf) (Useful overview of N Queensland geology and geodynamic history) Leitch, E.C. (1974)- The geological development of the southern part of the New England Fold Belt. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 21, p. 133-156. Leitch, E.C. (1975)- Plate tectonic interpretation of the Palaeozoic history of the New England Fold Belt. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 86, p. 141-144 Leitch, E.C., C.L. Fergusson & R.A. Henderson (2003)- Arc to craton provenance switching in a Late Palaeozoic subduction complex, Wandilla and Shoalwater terranes, New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 50, p. 919-929. Leitch, E.C., J.V. Morand, C.L. Fergusson, R.A. Henderson & P.F. Carr (2007)- Accretion and post-accretion metamorphism in subduction complex terranes of the New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia. J. Metam. Geol. 11, 3, p. 309-318. (Two regional metamorphic episodes in Late Paleozoic subduction complexes of Queensland: (1) Synaccretion prehnite-pumpellyite and greenschist facies(2) upper greenschist- upper amphibolite facies episode at ~250 Ma in arc or back-arc setting. Similar pattern for 1000 km along New England Fold Belt) Lipski, P. (2001)- Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Jurassic- Cretaceous Maryborough Basin. In: K.C. Hill & T. Bernecker (eds.) Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, a refocused energy perspective for the future, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia (PESA), Spec. Publ., p. 263-268. (Maryborough Basin Late Triassic- E Tertiary basin that straddles coastline of SE Queensland, with up to >6,000m of Jurassic- Cretaceous sediments. Late Cretaceous transpressional deformation formed NW-trending anticlines. Source rocks marine and lacustrine shales of Early Cretaceous Maryborough Fm and also coals and shales of E-M Jurassic Tiaro and E Cretaceous Burrum Coal Measures) Little, T.A., R.J. Holcombe, G.M. Gibson, R. Offler, P.B. Gans & M.O. McWilliams (1992)- Exhumation of Late Paleozoic blueschists in Queensland, Australia, by extensional faulting. Geology 20, p. 231-234. (Blueschists in SE Queensland record Carboniferous history of subduction and metamorphism and later thermal overprint from intrusion of Late Carboniferous S-type granitoids at ~306 Ma. By Early Permian most of New England orogeny uplifted and eroded and now site of back-arc extensional basins) Little, T.A., R.J. Holcombe & R. Sliwa (1993)- Structural evidence for extensional exhumation of blueschistbearing serpentinite matrix melange, New England Orogen, southeast Queensland, Australia. Tectonics 12, p. 536-549. (N D'Aguilar block with blueschist blocks in serpentinite matrix melange. Mid-Carbonifereous epidoteblueschist metamorphism, intruded by ~306 Ma (latest Carboniferous) granitoids)


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Little, T.A., M.O. McWilliams & R.J. Holcombe (1995)- 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of epidote blueschists from the North D'Aguilar block, Queensland Australia: timing and kinematics of subduction complex unroofing. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 107, p. 520-535. (Epidote blueschists as coherent schists and blocks in serpentinite matrix melange. Formed below 18 km depth and occur in lower plate of metamorphic core complex. Slate from upper plate dated as 315 Ma (Late Carboniferous), interpreted as minimum age for subduction. Exhumation of lower plate schists coeval with overprinting by greenschist facies fabric and s accomplished by ductile stretching and normal faulting. Phengites from lower plate schists yield 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of ~299-296 Ma (earliest Permian), time of cooling below ∼350°C. Similar cooling ages for different blueschist blocks support view that Australian melange was uplifted by extensional tectonic processes unrelated to serpentinite diapirism) MacKenzie, D.E. (1987)- Geology, petrology and mineralization of the Permo-Carboniferous Featherbed Volcanics Complex, Northeastern Queensland. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 297-301. (Late Carboniferous- E Permian Featherbed Volcanics at W margin of Hodgkinson Basin. Late Carboniferous I-type andesitic-rhyolitic ignimbrites and minor andesite lava, with dioritic-granitic intrusives and Sn, W and base metal mineralization. Main part of complex E Permian, mainly A-type rhyolitic ignimbrite) Marsden, M.A.H. (1972)- The Devonian history of northeastern Australia. Geol. Soc. Australia J. 19, 1, p. 125162. (Devonian rocks in ‘Tasman Geosyncline’ 3 tectonic divisions (1) broad mobile platform (2) volcanic‐rich New England Geosyncline, and (3) N Queensland complex marine-continental sedimentation on cratonic blocks, with non‐volcanic flysch‐like sedimentation in marginal Hodgkinson Basin. Devonian rocks affected by intense Late Paleozoic tectonic and igneous activity in E marginal regions, but only minor effects to West) Marshallsea, S.J., P.F. Green & J. Webb (2000)- Thermal history of the Hodgkinson Province and Laura Basin, Queensland: multiple cooling episodes identified from apatite fission track analysis and vitrinite reflectance data. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, 4, p. 779-797. (Hodgkinson Province and Laura Basin underwent regional Cretaceous cooling, possibly two episodes: mid‐Cretaceous (110-100 Ma) and Late Cretaceous (80-70 Ma). Rocks now at outcrop cooled from Cretaceous paleotemperatures between 50-130°C in S and from >100°C in N. In Hodgkinson Province also evidence for E Jurassic cooling episode, with cooling starting at ~200 Ma. Regional extent of Cretaceous cooling episode suggest uplift/ denudation, with removal of 0.8- >3.0 km of Triassic and younger section, starting between ~110 and 80 Ma)) Matthews, K.J., A.J. Hale, M. Gurnis, R.D. Muller & L. DiCaprio (2011)- Dynamic subsidence of Eastern Australia during the Cretaceous. Gondwana Res. 19, 2, p. 372-383. (Australia's E Cretaceous eastward passage over sinking subducted slabs induced widespread dynamic subsidence and formation of large epeiric sea in E interior) McConachie, B.A., J.N. Dunster, P. Wellman, T.J. Denaro, C.F. Pain, M.A. Habermehl & J.J. Draper (1997)Carpentaria Lowlands and Gulf of Carpentaria regions. In: J.H.C. Bain & J.J. Draper (eds) North Queensland Geology, Australian Geol. Survey Org. (AGSO) Bull. 240, 365-397. (Laura Basin, etc.) Michaelsen, P. & R.A Henderson (2000)- Sandstone petrofacies expressions of multiphase basinal tectonics and arc magmatism: Permian-Triassic north Bowen Basin, Australia. Sedim. Geol. 136, p. 113-136. (Permian- Triassic sandstones of N Bowen Basin two petrofacies: (A) Lower- mid U Permian quartz-rich, sourced primarily from cratonic basement; (B) U Permian- Lw Triassic volcanolithic, sourced from magmatic arc provenance in New England Orogen. Evidence of contemporaneous volcanism shown by tuffs- tonsteins in Late Permian succession)


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Mortimer, N., F. Hauff & T. Calvert (2008)- Continuation of the New England Orogen, Australia, beneath the Queensland Plateau and Lord Howe Rise. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 55, p. 195-209. (Greywacke, argillite, greyschist and hypabyssal igneous rocks from ODP core on Queensland Plateau and xenoliths in volcanic breccia dredged from Lord Howe Rise. Low-intermediate detrital quartz contents, 260- 240 Ma K-Ar ages, etc., suggest correlation with New England Orogen of E Australia. New England Orogen terranes continue towards New Zealand at least as far as S Lord Howe Rise) Mortimer, N., F. Hauff & A.T. Calvert (2008)- Continuation of the New England Orogen, Australia, beneath the Queensland plateau and Lord Howe Rise. Australian J. Earth Sci. 55, 2, p.195-209. (Greywacke, argillite, greyschist and hypabyssal igneous rocks from ODP core on Queensland Plateau and xenoliths in volcanic breccia with 260-240 Ma K-Ar ages dredged from Lord Howe Rise suggest correlation with New England Orogen of E Australia) Muller, R. D., V. S. L. Lim & A. R. Isern (2000)- Late Tertiary tectonic subsidence on the northeast Australian passive margin: response to dynamic topography? Marine Geol. 162, 2-4, p. 337-352. (Accelerated subsidence in Late Miocene-Pliocene off NE Australia difficult to account for by thrust loading in PNG or collision along Australian-Pacific plate boundary. Shear wave tomography displays NNW-SSE trending band of high velocities in upper mantle from Queensland Plateau to Indonesia, probably subducted slab material from Late Eocene- Oligocene subduction N of PNG. Observed post- 9 Ma tectonic subsidence of Queensland and Marion plateaus probably caused by dynamic surface topography due to Australia’s NE margin overriding slab burial ground, modulated by flexural deformation resulting from collision tectonics N of Australia) Murgulov, V., E. Beyer, W.L. Griffin, S.Y. O’Reilly, S.G. Walters & D. Stephens (2007)- Crustal evolution in the Georgetown Inlier, North Queensland, Australia: a detrital zircon grain study. Chem. Geol. 245, p. 198-218. (Detrital zircon ages of Precambrian Georgetown Inlier. Archean zircons evidence for existence of Archean crustal components in Georgetown Inlier. At least three stages of heating and granitoid magmatism: 1545-1585 Ma, 420 Ma and 340 Ma. Similarities/ differences in crustal evolution of Mt Isa, Broken Hill and Georgetown blocks suggest Proterozoic history of Australian continental margin involved accretion and subsequent dispersal of individual, originally Archean, microcomments) Murray, C.G. (1974)- Alpine-type ultramafics in the northern part of the Tasman Geosyncline- possible remnants of Palaeozoic ocean floor. In: A.K. Denmead et al. (eds.) The Tasman Geosyncline- a symposium, Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland Division, Brisbane, p. 161-181. Murray, C.G. (1985)- Tectonic setting of the Bowen Basin. In: Bowen Basin Coal Symposium, Geol. Soc. Australia Abstracts 17, p. 5-16. Murray, C.G. (1986)- Metallogeny and tectonic development of the Tasman Fold Belt System in Queensland. Ore Geol. Rev. 1, p. 315-400. Murray, C.G. (1987)- Tectonic evolution and metallogenesis of the New England fold belt, Eastern Australia. In: Pacific Rim Congress 87, Gold Coast 1987, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 353-358. (New England foldbelt is E part of Tasman foldbelt system. Late Devonian- Early Cretaceous active magmatic margin. Metallogenic deposits mainly associated with extensive Late Permian- Late Triassic granites and silicic volcanics) Murray, C.G. (1990)- Tectonic evolution and metallogenesis of the Bowen Basin. In J. W. Beeston (ed.) Bowen Basin Symposium 1990, Proc Geol. Soc. Australia, p. 201-212. Murray, C.G. (2003)- Granites of the northern New England Orogen. In: P. Blevin et al (eds.) The Ishihara Symposium: Granites and associated metallogenesis, Macquarie University, Geoscience Australia Record 2003/14, p. 101-108. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA3700.pdf)


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(N New England Orogen granites of 4 main age groups: M- Late Devonian (380 Ma; Mt Morgan trondjhemite oceanic island arc); M Carboniferous- E Permian (330-280 Ma; Connors and Auburn Arches; subduction followed by extension), Late Permian- Late Triassic (275-205 Ma; Yarrol; subduction changing to extensional in Late Triassic due to slab rollback) and Early Cretaceous (145-90 Ma; Whitsunday Volcanics; extensional) Murray C.G. (2007)- Devonian supra-subduction zone setting for the Princhester and Northumberland Serpentinites: implications for the tectonic evolution of the northern New England Orogen. Australian J. Earth Sci. 54, p. 899-925. Murray, C.G., P.R. Blake, L.J. Hutton, I.W. Whitnall, M.A. Hayword, G.A. Simpson & B.G. Fordham (2003)Discussion and Reply- Yarrol terrane of the northern New England Fold Belt: forearc or backarc? Australian J. Earth Sci. 50, p. 271-278. (Critical discussion of Bryan et al. (2001) paper, which questioned standard tectonic model of New England Orogen as Late Devonian- E Carboniferous classic convergent continental margin with parallel volcanic arc, forearc basin and accretionary wedge assemblages. Bryan et al. model not considered to be viable alternative) Murray, C.G., C.L. Fergusson, P.G. Flood, W.G. Whitaker & R.J. Korsch (1987)- Plate tectonic model for the Carboniferous evolution of the New England Fold Belt. Australian J. Earth Sci. 34, p. 213-236. Mutter, J.C. (1977)- The Queensland Plateau. BMR Geol. Geophys. Bull, 179, p. 1-55. (Queensland Plateau large submarine plateau (237,000 km2) in 200- 3000 m water depth. Widespread uplift and erosion in Late Cretaceous- M Eocene, forming planar basement surface. Subsidence began in M Eocene, with faulting and differential subsidence of basement surface. Rifting and formation of Queensland and Townsville basins ended by M Oligocene, followed by period of thermal subsidence. Sediment thickness from 300m on basement highs to >1000 m in graben structures) Mutter, J.C. & D. Jongsma (1978)- The pattern of the Pre-Tasman Sea rift system and the geometry of breakup. Bull. Australian Soc. Explor. Geophys. 9, 3, p. 70-75. Mutter, J.C. & G. Karner (1978)- Cretaceous taphrogeny in the Coral Sea. Bull. Austral. Soc. Explor. Geoph. 9, 3, p. 82-87. (Little evidence to support Cretaceous taphrogenesis preceding separation of continental blocks in Coral Sea) Mutter, J.C. & G. Karner (1978)- The evolution of the continental margin off Northeast Australia- a review. In: R.A. Henderson (ed.) Geophysics of Northeastern Australia, Geol. Soc. Australia, Brisbane, p. 47-69. Mutter, J.C. & G. Karner (1980)- The continental margin off northeast Australia. In: R.A. Henderson & P.J. Stephenson (eds.) The Geology and Geophysics of Northeast Australia. Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland Div., Brisbane, p. 47-69. Neumann, N.L. (2007)- Time-space evolution of the Georgetown and Coen regions. In: N.L. Neumann & L. Geoffrey (eds.) (2007)- Geochronological synthesis and time-space plots for Proterozoic Australia, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Record 2007/06, p. 74-87. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA10759.pdf) (Proterozoic igneous- metamorphic events of Georgetown and Coen inliers of N Queensland mainly 1540-1590 Ma and ~1680-1720 Ma. Georgetown Region also magmatism in Silurian- E Devonian and CarboniferousPermian. Coen Region also Silurian-Devonian, Late Devonian- E Carboniferous and Carboniferous-Permian magmatism) Neumann, N.L. & L. Geoffrey (eds.) (2007)- Geochronological synthesis and time-space plots for Proterozoic Australia. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Record 2007/06, p. 1-216. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA10759.pdf) (Extensive overview of ages of igneous rocks and episodes of metamorphism in Proterozoic across Australia. Very useful for provenance analysis of detrital zircons)


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Norvick, M.S. & M.A. Smith (2001)- Mapping the plate tectonic reconstruction of southern and southeastern Australia and Implications for petroleum systems. APPEA J., p. 15-35. Norvick, M.S., M.A. Smith, & M.R. Power (2001)- The plate tectonic evolution of Eastern Australia guided by the stratigraphy of the Gippsland Basin. PESA Eastern Australian Basins Symposium, Melbourne, p. 15-23. Nott, J. & S. Horton (2000)- 180 Ma continental drainage divide in northeastern Australia: role of passive margin tectonics. Geology 28, 8, p. 763-766. (Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Jurassic-Tertiary sediments in Laura and Carpentaria basins in NE Australia show continental drainage divide here remained stationary since M Jurassic. Maximum of only 50 m of denudation could have occurred on continental drainage divide here since Cretaceous) O'Brien, P.E., R.J. Korsch, A.T. Wells, M.J. Sexton & K. Wake-Dyster (1994)- Structure and tectonics of the Clarence-Moreton Basin. In: A.T. Wells & P.E. O'Brien (eds.) Geology and petroleum potential of the Clarence-Moreton Basin, New South Wales and Queensland, AGSO, Bull. 241, p. 195-216. Offler, R. & D.A. Foster (2008)- Timing and development of oroclines in the southern New England Orogen, New South Wales. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 55, p. 331-340. Offler, R. & J. Gamble (2002)- Evolution of an intra-oceanic island arc during the Late Silurian to Late Devonian, New England Fold Belt. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 49, p. 349-366. Offler, R. & C. Murray (2011)- Devonian volcanics in the New England Orogen: tectonic setting and polarity. Gondwana Res. 19, 3, p. 706-715. (Devonian volcanics in New England Orogen formed in intra-oceanic island arc and back arc basin settings. Many samples that formed in BAB have mixed MORB and arc characteristics, believed to be due to subduction component in basaltic magma. Samples with MORB-like compositions originated at spreading centres. Late Devonian basalts more arc-like to W, suggesting W-facing polarity. Two subduction zones in Late Devonian: (1) dipping W beneath Lachlan Orogen, (2) dipping E beneath rifted intra oceanic arc. Obduction of this intra oceanic arc over continental margin of Lachlan Orogen in latest Devonian at ~375 Ma led to development of new W dipping subduction zone oceanward and start of continental, arc magmatism) O'Sullivan, P.B., D.A. Foster, B.P. Kohn & A.J.W. Gleadow (1996)- Multiple postorogenic denudation events: an example from the eastern Lachlan fold belt, Australia. Geology 24, 6, p. 563-566. (Fission-track results from E part of Lachlan fold belt suggest two distinct episodes of rapid km-scale denudation since M Carboniferous when deformation in fold belt ceased: (1) E Triassic, possibly response to Hunter-Bowen orogeny, affected New England fold belt, Sydney-Bowen basin, and now Lachlan fold belt (2) M Cretaceous, possibly in response to onset of continental extension in Tasman Sea at ~96 Ma, resulting in kmscale denudation over much of SE highlands of Australia) Passmore, V.L. (1980)- Laura Basin. In: Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the ESCAP region, VII, ESCAP Atlas of stratigraphy II, Australia, Japan, Mineral Res. Dev. Ser.s 46, p. 23-27. (Well cross-section of N-S trending Laura Basin shows ~500-700m sandy Middle- Late Jurassic section (Dalrymple Sst, Gilbert River Fm), unconformably over Hodgkinson Basin Permian. Basin trends offshore under Great Barrier Reef) Peters, S.G. (1993)- Polygenetic melange in the Hodgkinson goldfield, Northern Tasman Orogenic Zone. Australian J. Earth Sci. 40, 2,p. 115-129. (Melange intercalated with multiply deformed Siluro‐Devonian shale, greywacke, clast‐in‐matrix rock, spilite and chert in Hodgkinson goldfield of NE Australia)


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Powell, C.M. (1984)- Late Devonian and early Carboniferous: continental magmatic arc along the eastern edge of the Lachlan Fold belt. In: J.J. Veevers (ed.) Phanerozoic Earth History of Australia, Oxford Science Publ., p. 329-240. Powell, C.M., Z.X. Li & G.A. Thrupp (1990)- Australian Palaeozoic palaeomagnetism and tectonics- I. Tectonostratigraphic terrane constraints from the Tasman Fold Belt. J. Struct. Geol. 12, p. 553-565. (Tasman Fold Belt three N-S orogenic realms: Kanmantoo, Lachlan-Thomson and New England. Kanmantoo Orogen accreted to Australia by Late Cambrian. Lachlan Fold Belt two major amalgamated terranes by M Silurian, progressively covered, from W in Late Silurian-Late Devonian by quartzose overlap assemblage. New England Orogen fragmentary E Paleozoic history, but from Devonian onwards related to series of volcanic island and continental margin magmatic arcs. Docking not demonstrated until mid-Carboniferous) Power, P.E. & S.B. Devine (1970)- Surat Basin, Australia- subsurface stratigraphy, history and petroleum. AAPG Bull. 54, 12, p. 2410-2437. (Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous Surat basin is segment of Great Artesian basin. Deposition of fluvial quartzose sands began in Late Triassic E of Surat basin and transgressed W-ward to C and N parts of basin, covering folded and block-faulted Triassic and older rocks. Mainly non-marine deposits, up to 7,500' thick. Uplifterosion event in M Jurassic time. Cretaceous sediments becoming marine. Basin contracted in M Cretaceous due to deformation N and E of basin. Small Jurassic oil-gas fields. Source probably in nonmarine Jurassic rocks, but marine Permian may have contributed) Raza, A., K.C. Hill & R.J. Korsch (2009)- Mid-Cretaceous uplift and denudation of the Bowen and Surat Basins, eastern Australia: relationship to Tasman Sea rifting from apatite fission-track and vitrinite-reflectance data. Australian J. Earth Sci. 56, p. 501-531. (Peak paleotemperatures/ depth of burial in Bowen and Gunnedah Basins, E Australia, in Early Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous (100-80 Ma) cooling, with erosion of up to 1.9 km of Jurassic- Early Cretaceous rock. Uplift widespread along E margin of Gondwanaland, including all of E Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica. Onset of mid-Cretaceous denudation coincided with continental extension after cessation of volcanism and subduction at ~95 Ma, and prior to initiation of seafloor spreading at ~84 Ma and formation of current passive margin) Rey, P.F. & R.D. Muller (2010)- Fragmentation of active continental plate margins owing to the buoyancy of the mantle wedge. Nature Geoscience 3, p. 257-261. (Mantle-wedge buoyancy may explain collapse of E Gondwana Cordillera along edge of E Australia/ E Antarctic. At 105-90 Ma, change in absolute plate motion reduced subduction velocity, triggering gravitational collapse of orogen and fragmentation of active margin) Roberts, J. (1987)- Carboniferous faunas: their role in the recognition oftectonostratigraphic terranes in the Tasman Belt, eastern Australia. In: Terrane accretion and orogenic belts, Amer. Geoph. Union, Geodyn Ser. 19, p. 93-102. (Two marine invertebrate assemblages in Carboniferous shelfal successions of Australia: (1) high diversity, warm water, E Carboniferous Cosmopolitan; (2) low diversity, cold water, M-L Carboniferous Gondwanan. In E Carboniferous Yarrol-New England portion of Tasman Tasman Belt may be separate terrane, in nearequatorial position N of Australia, as indicated by palaeomagnetic data, and docked later in Carboniferous) Roberts, J. & B.A. Engel (1980)- Carboniferous palaeogeography of the Yarrol and New England orogens, eastern Australia. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 27, p. 167-186. Roberts, J., P.J. Jones & T.B.H. Jenkins (1993)- Revised correlations for Carboniferous marine invertebrate zones of eastern Australia. Alcheringa 17, 4, p. 353-376. (Update of E Australian faunal zonations and chronostratigraphy of Carboniferous. Gondwanan assemblages succeeding E Carboniferous cosmopolitan faunas cannot be readily correlated with N Hemisphere biozones) Rosenbaum, G., P. Li & D. Rubatto (2012)- The contorted New England Orogen (eastern Australia): new evidence from U-Pb geochronology of early Permian granitoids. Tectonics 31, TC1006, p. 1-14.


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(Sharp bends (oroclines) in Paleozoic- E Mesozoic New England Orogen of E Australia, obscured by voluminous magmatism (E Permian granitoids zircon U-Pb ages 296-288 Ma). Phase of younger magmatism (<260 Ma) postdates orocline development. Tectonic model involves early stage of subduction curvature during slab rollback at 300-285 Ma, followed by bending associated with dextral transpression and final tightening possibly by E-W shortening during Late Permian- Triassic (265-230 Ma) Hunter-Bowen orogeny) Schellart, W.P., B.L.N. Kennett, W. Spakman & M. Amaru (2009)- Plate reconstructions and tomography reveal a fossil lower mantle slab below the Tasman Sea. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 278, p. 143-151. (New P-wave and S-wave mantle tomography models from SW Pacific identify flat-lying high-velocity anomaly below Tasman Sea at ~1100 km depth that cannot be linked to Pacific subduction. It strikes NW-SE and is ~2200 x 600-900 km in lateral extent. Can be reinterpreted as middle Cenozoic single NE-dipping New Caledonia fossil subduction zone) Shaw, S.E. & R.H. Flood (1981)- The New England Batholith, Eastern Australia: geochemical variations in time and space: J. Geophys. Res.. 86, p. 10530-10544. Sircombe, K.N. (1999)- Tracing provenance through the isotope ages of littoral and sedimentary detrital zircon, eastern Australia. Sedim. Geol. 124, p. 47-67. (Provenance of detrital zircons in 19 littoral and sedimentary deposits in E Australia four age groups: (1) 100175 Ma= Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanism along E Australian margin; (2) 225-350 Ma = New England Orogen; (3) 350-500 Ma correlated with magmatism in Lachlan Orogen. Ultimate source of Pacific-Gondwana 500-700 Ma ages tentatively identified as Neoproterozoic orogeny along E Antarctic margin. Lachlan Orogen age grouping stronger in S, New England Orogen age grouping stronger in N) Sivell, W.J. & J.B. Waterhouse (1988)- Petrogenesis of Gympie Group volcanics: evidence for remnants of an Early Permian volcanic arc in eastern Australia. Lithos 21, 2, p. 81-95. (Gympie Group, SE Queensland, tectonomorphically anomalous Lower Permian submarine volcanic sequence composed of mafic basalt- basaltic andesites, breccias and subordinate lavas, with dacitic tuffs and glassy flows. Gympie suite represents immature submarine tholeiitic stage of portion of major intra-oceanic arc that bordered Gondwana, but was fragmented by opening of Tasman Sea) Smart, J. & B.R. Senior (1980)- Jurassic-Cretaceous basins of northeastern Australia. In: R.A. Henderson& J.P. Stephenson. (eds.) The geology and geophysics of Northeastern Australia, Third Australian Geol. Conv., Townsville, Geol. Soc. Australia, p. 315-328. (On Carpenteria, Laura basins in N Queensland) Sommacal, S., L. Pryer, J. Blevin et al. (2008)- Clarence-Moreton SEEBASE TM and Structural GIS Project. FrOG Tech Pty Ltd. Report to NSW DPI, p. 1-37. (Online at: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/244339/MR707-Clarence-MoretonSEEBASE-structural-GIS-project.pdf) (Clarence-Moreton Basin, with non-marine Late Triassic- E Cretaceous section, formed on basement of probable tightly folded pre-Permian forearc and accretionary wedge material with granitoid intrusions. M-L Triassic early basin deposits include Nymboida and Ipswich coals. Also M Jurassic coal in sag phase across much of basin) SRK Consulting (2010)- Gunnedah Bowen Study. Report to NSW DPI, p. 1-97. (Online at: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/minerals/resources/petroleum/reports) (Major study on coal-bearing Permian-Triassic Gunnedah, Sydney and Bowen Basins, which developed mostly W of the N-trending suture between the Lachlan Foldbelt and New England foldbelts) Stratford, J.M.C. & J. C. Aitchison (1996)- Devonian intra-oceanic arc rift sedimentation- facies development in the Gamilaroi terrane, New England orogen, eastern Australia. Sediment. Geol. 101, p. 173-192. (Silurian-Devonian rocks in Gamilaroi terrane of New England orogen example of intra-oceanic arc rift, with volcaniclastics deposited by debris flows and turbidity currents. Subordinate facies include limestones, crystalrich volcaniclastic sandstones, volcanic breccias and olistostromes. Felsic volcanics at base of section


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represent part of original arc and are overlain by volcaniclastic sandstones and mudstones deposited within an arc basin. Lower Devonian (Emsian) limestones. Thick pillow basalts at top of succession) Struckmeyer, H.I.M. & P.A. Symonds (1997)- Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Townsville Basin, Townsville Trough, offshore northeast Australia. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 44, p. 799-817. (Townsville Basin is E-W extensional half-graben, separating Marion and Queensland Plateaus, off NE Australia. No direct control on stratigraphy; timing of basin formation and age of sediments interpreted from regional context. Up to ~6.5 km sediment in two megasequences: (1) probably Cretaceous synrift in fault‐controlled depocentres up to 4 km thick; (2) Tertiary sag‐phase up to 3.8 km thick. Half‐grabens contain several rotational blocks. Compartmentalised into sub‐basins by NNW-NW trending transverse zones, which may represent pre‐existing basement structures. Two extensional events. Structuring event during early sag‐phase followed by multiple reactivation in ?Late Miocene- E Pliocene. Townsville Basin part of complex rift system of probable Late Jurassic-E Cretaceous age, formed as result of oblique extension that utilised pre‐existing Palaeozoic structural trends. Comparison with trends of adjacent Queensland Trough suggests formation of both basins independent of (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) sea‐floor spreading in Tasman and Coral Sea Basins) Symonds, P.A., J. Fritsch & H. Schluter (1984)- Continental margin around the western Coral Sea Basin: structural elements, seismic sequences and petroleum geological aspects. In: S.T. Watson (ed.) Trans. Third Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conference, Hawaii, AAPG, p. 243-252. (Coral Sea oppposing margins of Queensland and Papuan Plateaus underlain by (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) rift zone which would have been up to 80 km wide before continental break up. Outer basement highs, with low angle contacts with oceanic crust, in oceanward part of rift zone on both sides of Coral Sea Basin and under lower slope of Eastern Plateau, N Queensland Trough and Osprey Embayment. N Queensland Trough and W margin of Eastern Plateau underlain by grabens with up to 5 km of sediments, part of which may be Mesozoic deltaic sequence similar to that intersected in Anchor Cay 1 well, or deeper water equivalent) Symonds, P.A., J.B. Colwell, H.I. Struckmeyer, J.B. Willcox & P.J. Hill (1996)- Mesozoic rift basin development off eastern Australia, Geol. Soc. Australia Bull. 43, p. 528-542. Taylor, L.W.H. (1975)- Depositional and tectonic patterns in the western Coral Sea. Bull. Austr. Soc. Explor. Geophys. 6, p. 33-35. (Preliminary results of DSDP Legs 21 and 30 in Coral Sea. Lower Eocene ocean floor age established at Site 287. Uplift of PNG Owen Stanley Range in latest Oligocene- E Miocene reflected in shedding of detritus into Coral Sea, etc. Fly River of PNG not major sediment source for Coral Sea. U Cretaceous- Paleocene rift valley sequence interpreted fon edge of Queensland Plateau, less definitive at SE edge of Papuan Plateau and W part of Louisiade Platform) Taylor, L. & D. Falvey (1977)- Queensland Plateau and Coral Sea Basin: stratigraphy, structure and tectonics. The APEA J. 1997, p. 13-29. (Seismic and gravity show up to 3km thick U Cretaceous-Paleogene rift-valley sequences under offshore NE Australia Queensland and Townsville Troughs) Totterdell, J.M., J. Moloney, R.J. Korsch & A.A. Krassay (2009)- Sequence stratigraphy of the BowenGunnedah and Surat Basins in New South Wales. Australian J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 433-459. Veevers, J.J., P.J. Conaghan & C.M. Powell (1994)- Eastern Australia. In: J.J. Veevers & C.M. Powell (eds.) Permian-Triassic Pangean basins and foldbelts along the Panthalassan margin of Gondwanaland, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 184, p. 11-172. (Extensive overview of Tasmanides geology) Vos, I.M.A., F.P. Bierlein & D. Phillips (2007)- The Palaeozoic tectono-metallogenic evolution of the northern Tasman Fold Belt system, Australia: interplay of subduction rollback and accretion. Ore Geology Rev. 30, p. 277-296. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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Vos, I.M.A., F.P. Bierlein & J. Webb (2006)- Geochemistry of Early- Middle Palaeozoic basalts in the Hodgkinson Province: a key to tectono-magmatic evolution of the Tasman Fold Belt System in northeastern Queensland, Australia. Int. J. Earth Sci. 95, 4, p. 569-585. (Hodgkinson Province Late Ordovician- Devonian tholeiitic- calc-alkaline basalts interspersed with marine sedimentary rocks and limestones, metamorphosed to lower greenschist facies. Decreasing volcanic arc affinity of Silurian-Devonian MORB-type basalts. Interpreted to reflect deposition in back-arc basin setting. Onset of basin extension in Silurian, accelerated subsidence through Devonian and halted by basin inversion in Late Devonian. Basin evolution controlled by E-ward stepping subduction zone outboard of Australian Craton) Wartenberg, W. (2005)- The concealed Tamworth Belt (New England Orogen)- stratigraphic and geophysical observations depicting a thrust-related geometry in southern Queensland, Australia. Doct. Diss. Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, 106p. (extended abstract online at http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/2005/0534/0534-1.pdf) (Tamworth and Yarrol Belts part of Devonian-Carboniferous fore-arc basin, partly concealed in W by Permian-Triassic Bowen and Gumnnedal rift basins. Age equivalent accretionary wedge assemblages in outcrop across E part of orogeny, e.g. Tablelands Complex in NSW and Beenleigh, D’Aguilar, Wandilla and Shoalwater terranes in Queensland. Magmatic arc exposed only in N NEO (Conners and Auburn arcs)) Waschbusch, P., R.J. Korsch & C. Beaumont (2009)- Geodynamic modelling in aspects of the Bowen, Gunnedah, Surat and Eromanga basins from the perspective of convergent margin processes: Australian J. Earth Sci. 56, p. 309-334. (Geodynamic modelling of Bowen, Gunnedah, Surat and Eromanga Basins. Bowen and Gunnedah Basins subsidence in early Late Permian initial foreland phase platform tilting associated with W-directed subduction. Late Permian-E Triassic platform tilting due to foreland loading, as thrust front in New England Orogen migrated W-ward. Surat and Eromanga subsidence also dynamic platform tilting. Uplift of Eastern Highlands in mid-Cretaceous due to rebound of lithosphere after cessation of W-directed subduction) Waterhouse, J.B. & W.J. Sivell (1987)- Permian evidence for Trans-Tasman relationships between East Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Tectonophysics 142, p. 227-240. (E Permian submarine volcanic sequence of Gympie Group, SE Queensland suggestive of immature submarine, tholeiitic stage of arc development on thin (oceanic) crust. M Carboniferous-Permian calc-alkaline Camboon arc to W developed on continental crust. Volcanics and overlying sediments of Gympie Group similar to volcanic arc and adjoining formations of Nelson-Eglinton-Takitimu areas of New Zealand. Dacitic volcanics in New Caledonia may form young part of same volcanic arc. Overlying Permian sediments further similarities between three regions. New Zealand was locus for actively spreading mid-ocean ridge (Dun Mt Ultramafics/ Patuki ophiolite complex), Gympie lay towards end of mid-ocean ridge, New Caledonia close to terminus of volcanic arc and received more terrestrial sediment) Webb, G.E. (1990)- Lower Carboniferous coral fauna of the Rockhampton Group, east-central Queensland. In: P.A. Jell (ed.) Devonian and Carboniferous coral studies, Assoc. Australasian Pal. Mem. 10, p. 1-167. Webb, A.W. & I. McDougall (1968)- The geochronology of the igneous rocks of Eastern Queensland. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 15, p. 313-346. Webby, B.D. (1987)- Biogeographic significance of some Ordovician faunas in relation to east Australian Tasmanide suspect terranes. In: E.C. Leitch & E. Scheibner (eds.) Terrane accretion and orogenic belts, AGU Geodyn. Ser. 19, p. 103-117. Weissel, J.K. & D.E. Hayes (1978)- Evolution of the Tasman Sea reappraised. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 36, p. 7784. (Revised interpretations of S Tasman Sea magnetic lineations and fracture zones. Simple two-plate spreading system, active between about 82-60 Ma)


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Weissel, J.K. & A.B. Watts (1979)- Tectonic evolution of the Coral Sea Basin. J. Geoph. Res. 84, B9, p. 45724582. (Coral Sea magnetic lineations strike N70°W, almost parallel to N margin Queensland Plateau. Coral Sea began opening at ~62 Ma. Coral Sea spreading ceased at ~56 Ma, at same time as Tasman Sea, but rotating about different poles, suggesting plate boundaries met at triple junction near E end of Coral basin) Wellman, P. (1995)- Interpretation of regional magnetic and gravity data in Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Australian Geol. Survey Org. Record 1995/45, 53p. Wellman, P. (1995)- The Lakefield Basin: a new Permian basin in far North Queensland. Queensland Government Mining Journal 95, 19-23. Wellman, P., H.I.M. Struckmeyer, P.A. Symonds, M.E. Fellows, D.L. Scott & J.J. Draper (1997)- Coral Sea region. In: J.H.C. Bain & J.J. Draper (eds.) North Queensland geology, AGSO Bull. 240, p. 409-418. Wells, A.T. & P.E. O'Brien (1994)- Lithostratigraphic framework of the Clarence-Moreton Basin. In: A.T. Wells & P.E. O'Brien (eds.) Geology and petroleum potential of the Clarence-Moreton Basin, New South Wales and Queensland, AGSO, Bull. 241, p. 4-47. Withnall, I.W., R. Bultitude, S.C. Lang, P.J. Donchak & R.L. Hammond (1987)- Geology and tectonic history of the Palaeozoic Hodgkinson and Broken River provinces, North Queensland. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 495-498. (Hodgkinson and Broken River provinces of N part of Tasman Orogen separated by Late Paleozoic igneous rocks, but probably originally continuous. Hodgkinson Province multiply deformed and composed mainly of Silurian-Devonian turbidites, mainly quartz-rich and continent-derived. With probably allochthonous limestone lenses (with E Silurian- E Devonian conodonts)) Withnall, I.W.& R.A. Henderson (2012)- Accretion on the long-lived continental margin of northeastern Australia. Episodes 35, 1,p. 166-176. (online at: http://www.episodes.co.in/contents/2012/march/p166-176.pdf) (S part of Tasman Orogenic Zone broad tract of crust, ~1,000 km across, added to cratonic core of Australia. In N Queensland much smaller volume of new crust generated, expressing slow accretion. As a consequence, three large-scale, successive Paleozoic active margin igneous assemblages form largely co-located and overprinting belts with plutonic suites stitching Tasman Line and extending into craton) Withnall, I.W., D.E. Mackenzie, T.J. Denaro, J.H.C. Bain et al. (1997)- Georgetown Region. In: J.H.C. Bain & J.J. Draper (eds.) North Queensland Geology, Australian Geol. Survey Org. Bull. 240/ Queensland Geology 9, p. 19-116. Zuchetto, R.G., R.A. Henderson, B.K. Davis & R. Wysoczansky (1999)- Age constraints on deformation of the eastern Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland: new perspectives on the evolution of the northern Tasman Orogenic Zone. Australian J. Earth Sci. 46, p. 105-114. (Granitic plutons intrude Hodgkinson Fm of E Hodgkinson Province, N Queensland. Fabrics show four deformational events. Plutons two supersuites: (1) latest Devonian- earliest Carboniferous, with emplacement age of ~357 Ma (Mt Formartine Suite); (2) Early Permian Wangetti suite (majority of granites). DevonianCarboniferous granites emplacement associated with first episode of regional orogenesis and development of penetrative fabrics in Hodgkinson-Broken River Fold Belt)


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IX.9. SW Pacific, New Zealand Adams, C.J. (2011)- Lost Terranes of Zealandia: possible development of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic sedimentary basins at the Southwest Pacific margin of Gondwanaland, and their destination as terranes in southern South America. Andean Geol. 37, 2, p. 442-454. (Metasedimentary rocks in Chilean archipelago have significant Mesoproterozoic, latest NeoproterozoicCambrian and Devonian-Carboniferous detrital zircon age components in common with 'lost terranes of Zealandia') Adams, C.J., M.E. Barley, I.R. Fletcher & A.L. Pickard (1998)- Evidence from U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar muscovite detrital mineral ages in metasandstones for movement of the Torlesse suspect terrane around the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. Terra Nova 10, 4, p. 183-189. (Detrital zircon and Ar/Ar muscovite ages from Triassic metasandstones of New Zealand Torlesse Terrane four components: (1) major Triassic-Permian (210-270 Ma), (2) minor Permian-Carboniferous (280-350 Ma) granitoids, (3) minor E-M Paleozoic metamorphics (420-460 Ma) and (4) minor Late Precambrian-Cambrian igneous and metamorphic complexes (480-570 Ma). Ages compatible with granitoid terranes of N New England Orogen in NE Australia. Torlesse Terrane originated at NE Australian margin, then moved 2500 km S by Late Cretaceous (90 Ma) (Conclusion questioned by Murray (2003): although similar age range, little or no muscovite in Permian Triassic granites of New England foldbelt)) Adams, C.J., H.J. Campbell, I.J. Graham & N. Mortimer (1998)- Torlesse, Waipapa and Caples suspect terranes of New Zealand: integrated studies of their geological history in relation to neighbouring terranes. Episodes 21, 4, p. 235-240. (Review of Permian-Cretaceous of Torlesse, Waipapa and Caples sedimentary terranes of E New Zealand, originally part of E Gondwana margin) Adams, C.J., H.J. Campbell & W.L. Griffin (2007)- Provenance comparisons of Permian to Jurassic tectonostratigraphic terranes in New Zealand: perspectives from detrital zircon age patterns. Geol. Mag. 144, 4, p. 701-729. (Zircon ages for 20 Cretaceous-Carboniferous sandstones from 7 terranes of E New Zealand. Persistent, large Triassic-Permian (main peaks in ~240-265 Ma range) and few Devonian-Silurian populations. Extensive Triassic-Permian zircon sources only in New England Fold Belt and Hodgkinson Province of NE Australia and continuations into Tasman Sea) Adams, C.J., D. Cluzel & W.L. Griffin (2009)- Detrital-zircon ages and geochemistry of sedimentary rocks in basement Mesozoic terranes and their cover rocks in New Caledonia, and provenances at the eastern Gondwanaland margin. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, p. 1023-1047. (Older (>250 Ma), zircons in New Caledonia sediments >90% Early Paleozoic and Precambrian ages (500700 Ma). Surprisingly few zircons in M Permian- E Triassic (245-270 Ma) age range, presumably due to depocenters and barriers between area and New England Orogen) Adams, C.J. & S. Kelley (1998)- Provenance of Permian-Triassic and Ordovician metagraywacke terranes in New Zealand: evidence from 40Ar/39Ar dating of detrital micas. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 110, p. 422-432. (Permo-Triassic ages of detrital muscovite in New Zealand Torlesse terrane similar to ages of granites in New England foldbelt (but these granites contain very rare muscovite; Murray 2003)) Adams, C.J., R.J. Pankhurst, R. Maas, I.L. Millar (2005)- Nd and Sr isotopic signatures of metasedimentary rocks around the South Pacific margin and implications for their provenance. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 246, p. 113-141. (Nd-Sr isotope database of Paleozoic- Mesozoic metasedimentary successions enables characterization of New Zealand terranes) Aitchison, J. C., S. Meffre & D. Cluzel (1995)- Cretaceous/Tertiary radiolarians from New Caledonia. Geol. Soc. New Zealand, Misc. Publ. 81A, 70 p.


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Aitchison, J.C., T.R. Ireland, G.L. Clarke, D. Cluzel et al. (1998)- Regional implications of U/Pb SHRIMP age constraints on the tectonic evolution of New Caledonia. Tectonophysics 299, 4, p. 333-343. (Ages for zircons from plagiogranites indicate Late Carboniferous age for basement of Koh terrane in Central Chain Mts of New Caledonia. Ophiolites ages of 302±7 Ma and 290±5 Ma, respectively. Similar to plagiogranites in Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt/ Maitai terrane of New Zealand) Ali, J.R. & J.C. Aitchison (2000)- Eocene arc-continent collision in New Caledonia and implications for regional southwest Pacific tectonic evolution. Geology 23, p. 161-164. Ali, J.R. & J.C. Aitchison (2000)- Significance of palaeomagnetic data from the oceanic Poya Terrane, New Caledonia, for SW Pacific tectonic models. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 177, p. 153-161. Ali, J.R. & J.C. Aitchison (2002)- Paleomagnetic-tectonic study of the New Caledonia Koh Ophiolite and the mid-Eocene obduction of the Poya Terrane. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 45, p. 313-322. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.2002.9514976) (Paleomagnetic study on allochthonous Late Paleozoic Koh Ophiolite of New Caledonia. Large spread of directions, impossible to deduce latitude of ophiolite formation: 'subequatorial to mid-latitude S Hemisphere location' strongest justifiable statement. Overprint equates to paleolatitude of 37.6 ± 6.2°S and may correspond to position of New Caledonia when overthust by oceanic Poya Terrane in M Eocene) Aronson, J.L. & G.R. Tilton (1971)- Probable Precambrian detrital zircons in New Caledonia and Southwest Pacific continental structure. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 82, p. 3449-3456. (Detrital zircons from Cretaceous arkosic sandstone of SW New Caledonia mainly clear, euhadral and of Late Cretaceous ago. Also 1% rounded colored grains, probably with age of 1000 Ma or more. Old grains probably derived from Lord Howe Rise, a foundered extension of Australian continent) Audet, M.A. (2008)- Le massif du Koniambo, Nouvelle-Caledonie. Formation et obduction d’un complexe ophiolitique du type SSZ. Enrichissement en nickel, cobalt et scandium dans les profils residuels. Doct. Thesis Univ. de Quebec, Montreal, p. 1-294. (online at: http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/userfiles/TheseMarcAntoineAudet2008.pdf) (On Koniambo ophiolitic complex in New Caledonia and distribution of nickel, cobalt, scandium in weathered profile. Various geological units in study area are inverted structural assemblages of ophiolite suite, affected by passage through supra-subductiion environment. Contrast with less dismembered ultramafic sequences of Massif du Sud. Late Eocene obduction) Auzende, J.M., S. Van de Beuque, M. Regnier, Y. Lafoy & P. Symonds (2000)- Origin of the New Caledonian ophiolites based on a French- Australian seismic transect. Marine Geol. 162, p. 225-236. Avias, J. (1953)- Contribution à l'etude stratigraphique et paleontologique de la Nouvelle-Caledonie centrale. Sciences de la Terre, Nancy 1, p. 1-276. (’Contribution to the study of the stratigraphy and paleontology of Central New Caledonia’) Baldwin, S.L., T. Rawling & P.G. Fitzgerald (2007)- Thermochronology of the New Caledonia high-pressure terrrane: implications for Middle Tertiary plate boundary processes in the Southwest Pacific. In: M. Cloos et al. (eds.) Convergent margin terranes and associated regions, Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Publ. 419, p. 117-134. (Young blueschist- eclogite facies rocks in NE New Caledonia record Eocene subduction metamorphism (44 Ma) and exhumation (40-34 Ma) and Oligocene (<34 Ma) juxtaposition against other basement terranes) Ballance, P.F. (1999)- Simplification of the Southwest Pacific Neogene arcs: inherited complexity and control by a retreating pole of rotation. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. 164, p. 7-19. (Neogene arc activity in SW Pacific began simultaneously at 25 Ma on three differently oriented sectors)


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Beavan, J., P. Tregoning, M. Bevis, T. Kato & C. Meertens (2002)- Motion and rigidity of the Pacific Plate and implications for plate boundary deformation. J. Geoph. Res. 107, B10, 2261, p. 19/1- 19/15. Beckmann, J. P. (1976)- Shallow water foraminifers and associated microfossils from Sites 315, 316 and 318, DSDP Leg 33. In: S.O.Schlanger, E.D. Jackson et al. (eds.) Init. Repts. DSDP 33, p. 467- . Belasky, P. & B.N. Runnegar (1993)- Biogeographic constraints for tectonic reconstructions of the Pacific region. Geology 21, p. 979-983. (Suspect terranes in W North America contain Permian and Triassic genera endemic to Tethyan region) Black, P.M. (1993)- Tectonism, magmatism and sedimentary basin development, Paleozoic to Paleogene, New Caledonia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on the Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 33, p. 331-341. (New Caledonia is emergent portion of Norfolk Ridge N of New Zealand. Three pre-Cretaceous basement terranes, stitched together by Early Cretaceous metamorphism, deformation and intrusions. Late CretaceousPaleogene extensional sedimentary basin formation, followed by E Oligocene obduction of New Caledonian ultramafic sheet) Black, P.M. & R.N. Brothers (1977)- Blueschist ophiolites in the melange zone, northern New Caledonia. Contr. Min. Petrol. 65, p. 69-78. Black, P.M. & R.N. Brothers (1989)- High pressure metamorphism of ophiolites in Northern New Caledonia. Ofioliti 13, p. 89-99. Brothers, R.N. (1974)- High-pressure schists in Northern New Caledonia. Contr. Mineralogy Petrol. 46, 2, p. 109-127. (Regional Oligocene- E Miocene (38-21 Ma) high-P metamorphism in NE (oceanward) dipping convergence zone produced schist belt adjacent to thrust-melange zone along NE margin of New Caledonia. At same time Wwards obduction of basalt-gabbro-peridotite massif. Continuous progression from lawsonite-albite facies through glaucophanitic greenschists to eclogitic albite-epidote amphibolites) Brothers, R.N. (1987)- Regional geology of New Caledonia and northern North Island, New Zealand. In: Pacific Rim Congress 87, Gold Coast 1987, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 61-63. (New Caledonia and northern New Zealand similar Late Paleozoic- Paleocene rock units, but differ in subsequent geological histories. New Caledonia Late Eocene obduction of oceanic crust. N New Zealand Late Oligocene ophiolite obductionand extensive Late Tertiary- Quaternary volcanics) Brothers, R.N. & M.C. Blake (1973)- Tertiary plate tectonics and high-pressure metamorphism in New Caledonia. Tectonophysics 17, p. 337-358. Brothers, R.N. & A.R. Lillie (1988)- Regional geology of New Caledonia. In: A.E.M. Nairn, F.G. Stehli & S. Uyeda (eds.) The ocean basins and margins 7, The Pacific Ocean, Plenum Press, New York, p. 325-374. Burns, R.E. & J.E. Andrews (1973)- Regional aspects of deep sea drilling in the southwest Pacific. Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Project 21, p. 897-906. Callot, J.V., A. Malahoff, J. Recy, G. Latham & F. Missegue (1987)- Overthrust emplacement of New Caledonia ophiolite: geophysical evidence. Tectonics 6, p. 215-232. Campbell, H.J. (1994)- The Triassic bivalves Daonella and Halobia in New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Svalbard. Inst. Geol. & Nuclear Sciences Mon. 4, New Zealand Geol. Survey Pal. Bull. 66, 165 p. Campbell, H.J. (1995)- Permian-Triassic links between Southeast Asia and New Zealand. In: Proc. Int. Symposium Geology of SE Asia and adjacent areas, J. Geology, Geol. Survey Vietnam, Hanoi, 5-6, p. 304-305.


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(Abstract only) (Permian- Triassic marine sequences in New Zealand two tectonostratigraphic terranes. W Province is continental fragment of Australian Gondwana. E Province is series of accreted terranes: island arcs with Permian- Jurassic histories and sedimentary complex derived from Permo-Triassic granitoid source. Origin of these terranes may be near N Queensland or SE Asia) Campbell, H.J. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1984)- Biostratigraphy of the Mesozoic Baie de St.-Vincent Group, New Caledonia. J. Royal Soc. New Zealand 14, p. 349-366. (Upper Triasssic (with widespread Halobia, Monotis)- Lower Jurassic marine succession, >1000m thick) Campbell, H.J., J.A. Grant-Mackie & J.P. Paris (1985)- Geology of the Moindou-Teremba area, New Caledonia. Stratigraphy and structure of the Teremba Group (Permian- Lower Triassic) and Baie de St-Vincent Group (Upper Triassic- Lower Jurassic). Geologie de la France 1, p. 19-36. Campbell, J.D. (1974)- Heterastridium (Hydrozoa) from Norian sequences inNew Caledonia and New Zealand. J. Royal Soc. New Zealand 4, 4, p. 447-453. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03036758.1974.10419387) (Globular bodies with vermicularly-sculptured surfaces identified as pelagic? hydrozoan Heterastridium conglobatum in Upper Norian Monotis shell bed on l'Ile Hugon, New Caledonia. Less well-preserved specimens in Nelson and Southland, New Zealand. (also known from U Triassic limestones on Timor, Ceram, Hallstatt Limestone of Alps,etc.; HvG) Cawood, P.A., C.A. Landis, A.A. Nemchin & S. Hada (2002)- Permian fragmentation, accretion and subsequent translation of a low latitude Tethyan seamount to the high-latitude east Gondwana margin: evidence from detrital zircon age data. Geol. Mag. 139, p. 131-144. (New Zealand S Island Te Akatarawa Terrane, enclosed in Torlesse Terrane: Late Permian detrital zircons from turbidites above fusulinid-coral limestone block melange 15 My younger than Kungurian fusulinid limestone, indicating collapse of Permian oceanic seamount on entering subduction zone along Gondwana Pacific margin. N New England Orogen most likely source for Te Akatarawa sandstones. Turbidites differ from adjoining Torlesse Permian- M Triassic sands, which also have colder water affinities. Warm-water limestones and 15 My period between sedimentation and accretion onto continental margin require limestone formed in low-latitude, probably off NE Australian- New Guinea margin) Challinor, A.B. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1989)- Jurassic Coleoidea of New Caledonia. Alcheringa 13, 4, p. 269304. (Coleoid belemnites of New Caledonia widespread in W Coast M Jurassic tuffaceous sst, but rare in Central Chain U Jurassic offshore facies. Strong development of Dicoelites suggests Indonesian affinity, but New Caledonian taxa cannot be confidently assigned to either New Zealand or Indonesian belemnite subprovince) Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1994)- Middle and Late Eocene, Neogene and Quaternary foraminiferal faunas from Eua and Vavau islands, Tonga Group. In: A.J. Stevenson et al. (eds.) Geology and submarine resources of the Tonga-Lau-Fiji region. SOPAC Techn. Bull. 8, p. 21-44. (Two larger foram assemblages in Eocene limestones on Eua Island, Tonga (late M Eocene zones Ta3/ P14 without Pellatispira and latest Eocene/Tb/P17 with Pellatispira). M Miocene/N14 deep-water volcaniclastics with evidence for reworking from Zones N9 -N10. Pliocene-Pleistocene reefal limestones often contain larger forams from Eocene. All samples from Vavau with Pliocene or Pleistocene shallow water forams) Chun Y.Y. & L.W. Kroenke (1993)- A plate tectonic reconstruction of the Southwest Pacific, 0-100 Ma. Proc. ODP Leg 130, Ontong Java Plateau, Scient. Res., p. 697-709. (online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/130_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr130_43.pdf) (Reconstructions of SW Pacific paleogeography back to 100 Ma. Successive periods of convergence along five paleo-subduction zones that formed concomitantly with changes in Indo-Australia and Pacific plate motions from Eocene to Late Miocene. Episodes of basin formation along W and SW margins of Pacific Plate and along E and NE margins of Indo-Australian Plate since Late Cretaceous include the Tasman (85-55 Ma), New Caledonia (74-65 Ma), Coral Sea (63-53 Ma), Loyalty (52-40 Ma), d'Entrecasteaux (34-28 Ma), Caroline (34-


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27 Ma), Solomon Sea (34-28 Ma), S Fiji (34-27 Ma), N Fiji (10-0 Ma), and Lau, Woodlark, and Manus (5.5-0 Ma) basins. Seamount chains developed over Tasmantid, Lord Howe, Louisville and Samoa hotspots) Clarke, G.L., J.C. Aitchison & D. Cluzel (1997)- Eclogites and blueschists of the Pam Peninsula, NE New Caledonia: a reappraisal. J. Petrology 38, 7, p. 843-876. (Online at: http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/7/843.full.pdf+html) (Eocene high-P rocks of Pam Peninsula three zones: (1) uppermost ferroglaucophane-lawsonite zone of Cretaceous-Eocene metasediments and metavolcanics (2) blueschist facies (3) lowermost metabasic eclogites of uncertain age. Metamorphism and deformation tied to 44-51 Ma thrusting of sedimentary and ophiolitic nappes over eclogites in SW direction. Mica ages constrain end of metamorphism by 37 Ma) Cluzel, D., C.J. Adams, S. Meffre, H. Campbell & P. Maurizot (2010)- Discovery of Early Cretaceous rocks in New Caledonia: new geochemical and U-Pb zircon age constraints on the transition from subduction to marginal breakup in the Southwest Pacific. J. Geol. 118, 4, p. 381-397. (Zircon dating of Permian-Mesozoic arc volcanics suggests subduction in New Caledonia not extinct in Late Jurassic (~150 Ma), but still active in late Early Cretaceous (~130-95 Ma). Rift magmatism that preceded margin breakup migrated East from ~130 Ma in E Australia to 110 Ma (110-82 Ma) in New Zealand, to ~89 Ma (89-83 Ma) in New Caledonia, generating large volumes of silicic magma. Marginal basins opened synchronously at ~83 Ma. Australian marginal breakup final effect of continuous S-ward unzipping of Gondwana) Cluzel, D., C.J. Adams, P. Maurizot & S. Meffre (2011)- Detrital zircon records of Late Cretaceous syn-rift sedimentary sequences of New Caledonia: an Australian provenance questioned. Tectonophysics 501, p. 17-27. (Late Cretaceous coastal clastics of New Caledonia contemporaneous with latest stages of E Australian marginal rifting. Detrital zircon populations dominated by E Cretaceous, E Paleozoic and Precambrian and may be local recycled provenance. New Caledonia already isolated from Australia in Coniacian (~89-85 Ma), consistent with faunal and floral endemism at that time) Cluzel, D., J.C. Aitchison, , G.L. Clarke, S. Meffre & C. Picard (1994)- Point de vue sur l’evolution tectonique et geodynamique de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Comptes Rendus Hebd. Seanc Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 319, p. 683-690 Cluzel, D.J., C. Aitchison & C. Picard (2001)- Tectonic accretion and underplating of mafic terranes in the Late Eocene intraoceanic fore-arc of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific): geodynamic implications. Tectonophysics 340, p. 23-59. (Late Eocene tectonic accretion, subduction, underplating and obduction of mafic terranes in intra-oceanic forearc setting in New Caledonia) Cluzel, D., D. Bosch, J.L. Paquette, Y. Lemennicier et al. (2005)- Late Oligocene post-obduction granitoids of new Caledonia: a case for reactivated subduction and slab break-off. The Island Arc 14, p. 254-271. (In S New Caledonia, Late Oligocene granodiorite and adamellite intruded into ultramafic allochthon emplaced in Late Eocene. High-medium-K calc-alkaline granitoids geochemical and isotopic features of volcanic arc magmas uncontaminated by crust-derived melts, probably generated in post- Eocene and pre-Miocene subduction. Late Oligocene subduction described here may be extended S into N New Zealand allochthons) Cluzel, D., D. Chiron & M.D. Courme (1998)- Discordance de l’Eocene superier et evenements pre-obduction en Nouvelle-Caledonie (Pacifique sud-ouest). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 327, p. 485-491. (‘Upper Eocene unconformity and pre-obduction events on New Caledonia’) Cluzel, D & S. Meffre (2002)- L'unite de la Boghen (Nouvelle-Caledonie, Pacifique sud-ouest) : un complexe d'accretion jurassique. Donnees radiochronologiques preliminaires U-Pb sur les zircons detritiques. Comptes Rendus Geosc. 334, p. 867-874. ('The Boghen terrane (New Caledonia, SW Pacific): a Jurassic accretionary complex. Preliminary U-Pb radiochronological data on detrital zircon'. Detrital zircons from Boghen terrane metasediments suggest Jurassic age. Terrane formerly considered 'pre-Permian basement'. Sedimentology, Late Jurassic (~150 Ma)


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high-P metamorphism, etc., indicate Boghen terrane was Jurassic accretionary complex along E Gondwana active margin. Age spectrum of detrital zircons consistent with derivation from Permian–Mesozoic SE Gondwana arc system and Antarctic continent) Cluzel, D., S. Meffre, P. Maurizot & A.J. Crawford (2006)- Earliest Eocene (53 Ma) convergence in the Southwest Pacific: evidence from pre-obduction dikes in the ophiolite of New Caledonia. Terra Nova 18, 6, p.395-402. (Chemistry and age of dikes in mantle peridotite of New Caledonia ophiolite suggest subduction-related magmatism began before 53 Ma. Obduction in SW Pacific unrelated to reorientation of Pacific plate motion at ~43 Ma) Coleman, P.J. (1966)- Upper Cretaceous (Senonian) bathyal pelagic sediments with Globotruncana from the Solomon Islands. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 13, 2, p. 439-447. Coleman, P.J. (ed.) (1973)- The Western Pacific, island arcs, marginal seas, geochemistry. Univ. Western Australia Press, 675 p. Coleman, P.J. (1980)- Plate tectonics background to biogeographic development in the southwest Pacific over the last 100 million years. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 31, p. 105-121. (India, Australia, Greater New Zealand and Antarctica all part of Gondwana iIn Jurassic. N margin of NE Gondwana (New Guinea), E (New Caledonia-Norfolk Ridge) and SE margins (New Zealand) were active margins. New Guinea edge was volcanic island arc setting. Bordering arc system along New Caledonia-New Zealand E edge made up Inner Melanesian Arcs. Rangitata Orogeny culminated in E Cretaceous, followed by uplift, metamorphism, and regression, over much of Greater New Zealand. Regression also in Australia in Late Cretaceous (100-65 m.y.). Main Late Cretaceous event was creation of Tasman Sea (78-56 Ma). Coral Sea opened by spreading and sinistral strike-slip of part of New Guinea N of Papuan Mobile Belt at same time) Coleman, P.J. (1991)- Dynamic strike-slip fault systems with respect to the Solomon Islands, and their effect on mineral potential. Marine Geol. 98, p. 167-176. Coleman, P.J. (1997)- Australia and the Melanesian arcs: a review of tectonic settings. AGSO J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 17, 1, p. 113-125. Colley, H. (1984)- An ophiolite suite in Fiji? Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 13, p. 333-340. (In SW Viti Levu rocks formerly described as part of island-arc succession may be upper part of ophiolite suite. Foraminiferal oozes, cherts, red clays, Fe-Mn metalliferous sediments, fine-grained volcanic turbidites and reworked polymict lapillistones can be equated with Layer 1 of oceanic lithosphere) Colley, H. & W. H. Hindle (1984)- Volcano-tectonic evolution of Fiji and adjoining marginal basins. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 16, p. 151-162. (From Eocene- M Miocene, Fiji was part of N-facing Outer Melanesia arc system, stretching from PNG to Tonga. Oligocene back-arc spreading S of Fiji led to formation of Minerva Plain (S Fiji Basin). M Miocene polarity reversal in arc segments W of Fiji. Fiji compressive event followed by progressive isolation from subduction regime as arc segments rotated away. Change in Fiji volcanism from arc andesites and tholeiites to alkalic ocean island basalts. Most recent arc rotation resulted in opening of Lau Basin between Fiji and Tonga, and divorce of Fiji from subduction influence with start of ocean island basalt volcanism in M Pliocene) Collot, J. (2009)- Geodynamic evolution of the New Caledonia western offshore domain and its extensions towards New Zealand. Ph.D. Thesis, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, 290 p. Collot, J., L. Geli, Y. Lafoy, R. Vially, D. Cluzel, F. Klingelhoefer & H. Nouze (2008)- Tectonic history of northern New Caledonia Basin from deep offshore seismic reflection: relation to late Eocene obduction in New Caledonia, Southwest Pacific. Tectonics 27, 6, p. 1-20.


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(New seismic data from W New Caledonia offshore allow correlation between DSDP hole 208 on Lord Howe Rise and deep water New Caledonia Basin. Eocene/Oligocene unconformity deeper than previously thought. S Loyalty Basin obducted in Early Oligocene, New Caledonia Basin subsided under effect of loading) Collot, J., R.H. Herzer, Y. Lafoy & L. Geli (2009)- Mesozoic history of the Fairway- Aotea Basin: implications regarding the early stages of Gondwana fragmentation, Geochem. Geoph. Geosyst. 10, Q12019, p. 1-24. (Fairway Ridge is buried continental structure separating Late Cretaceous Fairway Basin from New Caledonia Basin. Opening of Fairway-Aotea Basin predates opening of Tasman Sea. Lord Howe, Fairway and Norfolk ridges part of remnant late Early Cretaceous continental arc, fragmented into three pieces in mid-Cretaceous in slab retreat process) Collot, J., Y. Lafoy & L. Geli (2011)- Structural provinces of the Southwest Pacific, explanatory notes. Geol. Survey of New Caledonia-DIMENC/ Ifremer, Noumea, p. 1-39. (online at: www.dimenc.gouv.nc/portal/page/portal/dimenc/telechargements/tele_geologie/NEWCALEDONIA_ang-A5v18.pdf) (Usuful review and synthesis of SW Pacific oceanic basins, continental ribbon-like terranes derived from active Gondwana margin, tectonic events, etc.) Collot, J., M. Vende-Leclerc, P. Rouillard, Y. Lafoy & L. Geli (2011)- Structural provinces of the Southwest Pacific, Map. Geol. Survey of New Caledonia / Ifremer. (online at: http://wwz.ifremer.fr/drogm_eng/content/download/44864/634564/file/SWPAC_StructuralProvinces_Map_v1HighResv2.pdf Collot, J., M. Vende-Leclerc, P. Rouillard, Y. Lafoy & L. Geli (2012)- Map helps unravel complexities of the southwestern Pacific Ocean, EOS Trans. AGU, 93, 1, p. 1-2. Cowley, S., P. Mann, M.F. Coffin, F. Millard & T.H. Shipley (2004)- Oligocene to Recent tectonic history of the central Solomon intra-arc basin as determined from marine seismic reflection data and compilation of onland geology. Tectonophysics 389, 3-4, p. 267-307. Crook, K.A.W. & L. Belbin (1978)- The Southwest Pacific area during the last 90 million years. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 25, 1, p. 23-40. Davey, F.J. (2005)- A Mesozoic crustal suture on the Gondwana margin in the New Zealand region, Tectonics 24, TC4006, p. (Seismic data offshore South Island suggests NE dipping paleosubduction zone, possibly related to docking of Brook Street oceanic island arc terrane to Gondwana margin in Triassic) De Broin, C.E., F. Aubertin & C. Ravenne (1977)- Structure and history of the Solomon-New Ireland region. In: Int. Symposium on Geodynamics in South-West Pacific, Technip, Paris, p. 37-49. De Jersey, N.J. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1989)- Palynofloras from the Permian, Triassic and Jurassic of New Caledonia. New Zeal. J. Geol. Geophys. 32, p. 463-476. (Late Permian- M Jurassic palynomorphs from 33 marine sediment samples, similar to age-equivalent floras from New Zealand and E Australia. Triassic palynoflora assigned to cool temperate Ipswich microflora, compositionally intermediate between SE Queensland and New Zealand palynofloras) Deprat, J. (1905)- Les depots eocenes neo-caledoniens et leur analogie avec ceux de la region de la Sonde. Bull. Soc. Geol. France (4), 5, p. 485-516. ('The Eocene deposits of New Caledonia and their analogy to the Sunda region'. Conglomerates, sandstones, tuffs and limestones with Eocene LF Orthophragmina (= Discocyclina and Asterocyclina; incl. new species umbilicata), Nummulites and rare Alveolina. Faunas very similar to those described from Java by Verbeek) Deprat, J. (1909)- Sur la presence de Pellatispira dans l’Eocene de Nouvelle Caledonie. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 4, 9, p. 288- 289.


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(Short note reporting presence of Pellatispira in New Caledonia, associated with Eocene LF described in 1905) Deschamps, A. & S. Lallemand (2002)- TheWest Philippine Basin: An Eocene to early Oligocene back arc basin opened between two opposed subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 107, B12, 2322, p. Dickinson W.R. (2008)- Tectonic lessons from the configuration and internal anatomy of the Circum-Pacific orogenic belt. In: J.E. Spencer & S.R. Titley (eds.) Ores and orogenesis: Circum-Pacific tectonics, geologic evolution and ore deposits, Arizona Geol. Soc. Digest 22, p. 5-18. Dimalanta, C., A. Taira, G.P. Yumul, H. Tokuyama & K. Mochizuki (2002)- New rates of western Pacific island arc magmatism from seismic and gravity data. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 202, p. 105-115. Dubois, J., C. Ravenne, A. Aubertin, J. Louis, R. GuillaumeJ. Launay & L. Montadert (1974)- Continental margins near New Caledonia. In: C.A. Burk C.L. Drake (eds.) The geology of continental Margins, Springer, New York, p. 521-535. Dugas, F. & J.F. Parrot (1979)- Reconstitution de la ceinture eocene du Sud-Ouest Pacifique. Comptes Rendus hebd. Seances Acad. Sci, D 287, 7, p. 671-674. (‘Reconstruction of the Eocene belt of the Southwest Pacific’) Durbaum, H.J. & K. Hinz (1982)- SEATAR-related geophysical studies by BGR in the Southwest Pacific. Proc. 3rd Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., p. 129-133. Eade, J.V. (1988)- The Norfolk Ridge system and its margins. In: A.E.M. Nairn, F.G. Stehli & S. Uyeda (eds.) The ocean basins and margins 7, The Pacific Ocean, Plenum Press, New York, p. 303-324. Exon, N. F., Y. Lafoy, P.J. Hill, G.R. Dickens & I. Pecher (2007)- Geology and petroleum potential of the Fairway Basin in the Tasman Sea. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 54, 5, p. 629-645. (Fairway Basin poorly known N-S-trending basin in 1500-3000 m of water on E slope of Lord Howe Rise. Three segments, probably formed by thinning of continental crust during Late Cretaceous- Paleocene breakup of Lord Howe Rise and surrounding continental ridges. Eocene compression (tied to overthrusting on New Caledonia?), lead to uplift and partial erosion of N Lord Howe Rise, and reversal of faulting in basin. By Oligocene time area again in bathyal depths, with pelagic ooze and turbidites accumulation. CretaceousRecent sediments 2000-4000 m thick) Exon, N.F., P.G. Quilty, Y. Lafoy, A.J. Crawford & J.M. Auzende (2004)- Miocene volcanic seamounts on northern Lord Howe Rise: lithology, age and origin. Australian J. Earth Sci. 51, 2, p. 291-300. (Small volcanic cones on NE Lord Howe Rise in water depths 750-1150m. Formed in E Miocene in pelagic depths. Covered with ferromanganese crust) Falvey, D.A., J.B. Colwell, P.J. Coleman, H.G. Greene et al. (1991)- Petroleum prospectivity of the Pacific island arcs: Solomon islands and Vanuatu. Austral. Petrol. Expl. Assoc. (APEA) J. 1991, p. 191-212. Fitton, J.G. & M. Godard (2004)- Origin and evolution of magmas on the Ontong Java Plateau. In: J.G. Fitton, et al. (eds.) Origin and evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 229, p. 151-178. (Early Cretaceous basalts of oceanic Ontong Java Plateau homogeneous composition, mainly low-K tholeiite. Formed in short time (<10 My) around 122 Ma. Most or all of volcanics erupted well below sea level) Fitton, J.G., J.J. Mahoney et al. (eds.) (2004)- Origin and evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 229, 374p. (Collection of papers on Ontong Java Plateau in W Pacific, world's largest igneous province in oceanic environment. Mainly formed around 120- 90 Ma, mid-Cretaceous)


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Freinex S. (1980)- Bivalves neocretaces de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Signification biogeographique, biostratigraphique, paleoecologique. Annales Paleont. (invertebres) 66, 2, p. 67-134. (‘Late Cretaceous bivalves of New Caledonia; biogeographic and paleoecologic significance’) Freinex S. (1981)- Faunes de bivalves du Senonien de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Analyses paleobiogeographique, biostratigraphique, paleoecologique. Annales Paleont. (invertebres) 67, 1, p. 13-32. (‘Senonian bivalves of New Caledonia; paleobiogeographic, biostratigraphic and paleoecologic analysis’) Freinex, S., J.A. Grant-Mackie. & J. Lozes (1974)- Presence de Malayomaorica (Bivalvia) dans le Jurassique superieur de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 16, 4, p. 456-464. ('Presence of Malayomaorica malayomaorica in the Upper Jurassic of New Caledonia'. New subspecies novocaledonica. This Kimmeridgean bivalve species (originally assigned to Aucella, then Buchia) is widely distributed along margins of Late Jurassic Gondwanaland; HvG) Ghent, E.D., J.C. Roddick & P.M. Black (1994)- 40Ar/39Ar dating of white micas from the epidote to omphacite zones, northern New Caledonia: tectonic implications. Can. J. Earth Sci. 31, p. 995-1001. (New Caledonian eclogites and blueschists yield phengite 40Ar-39Ar ages of ca. 37 Ma, M Eocene)) Gill, J.B. (1987)- Geodynamic and geochemical evolution of the Fiji region. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 125-128. Gill, J.B. & I. McDougall (1973)- Biostratigraphic and geological significance of Miocene- Pliocene volcanism in Fiji. Nature 241 p. 176-180. Glasby, G.P. (1988)- Manganese in the SW Pacific; a brief review. Ore Geol. Rev. 4, p. 125-133. Glickson, M. (1988)- Miocene reef-derived deposits in Vanuatu- possible petroleum source rocks. In: H.G. Greene & F.L. Wong (eds.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific island arcs- Vanuatu Region, CircumPacific Council Energy Min Res., Earth-Sci. Ser. 8, p. 267-274. Gorbatov, A. & B.L.N. Kennett (2003)- Joint bulk-sound and shear tomography for Western Pacific subduction zones. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 210, p. 527-543. (Tomographic inversion reveals penetration of subducted slab below 660 km discontinuity at Kurile-Kamchatka trench. Flattening of slabs above this depth observed in Japan and Izu-Bonin subduction zones. Penetration of subducted slab down to 1200 km below S Bonin trench, Mariana, Philippine, and Java subduction zones) Grant-Mackie, J.A. (2007)- Mesozoic chronostratigraphy of New Zealand and New Caledonia. Lethaia 10, 4, p. 302. Gray, G.G. & I.O. Norton (1988)- A palinspastic Mesozoic plate reconstruction of New Zealand. Tectonophysics 155, p. 391-399. (Restoration of New Zealand into pre-breakup Gondwanaland configuration. Used the trend Permian ophiolite fragments and their offshore magnetic expressions as our datum) Green, H.G. & F.L. Wong (eds.) (1988)- Geology and offshore resources of Pacific island arcs- Vanuatu region. Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min Res. Houston, 8, p. 1-442. Grekoff, N. & Y. Gubler (1951)- Donnees complementaires sur les terrains tertiaires de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Revue Inst. Francais Petrole 6, 8, p. 283-293. ('Additional data on the Tertiary areas of New Caledonia'. New Caledonia West Coast Tertiary basins with U Eocene (Tb) in reefal (with Pellatispira) and paralic facies, and Miocene (Te-Tf). Oligocene absent. Close lithologic and microfaunal similarity to petroliferous Tertiary of E Borneo, N Celebes and SE New Guinea)


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Griffiths, J.R. (1971)- Reconstruction of the South-West Pacific margin of Gondwanaland. Nature 234, p. 203207. Grotsch, J. & E. Flugel (1992)- Facies of sunken Early Cretaceous atoll reefs and their capping Late Albian drowning succession (Northwestern Pacific). Facies 27, p. 153-174. Guillon, J.J. (1974)- New Caledonia. In: A.M. Spencer (ed.) Mesozoic- Cenozoic orogenic belts. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 445-452. Hackney, R., R. Sutherland & J. Collot (2012)- Rifting and subduction initiation history of the New Caledonia Trough, southwest Pacific, constrained by process-oriented gravity models. Geoph. J. Int. (in press) (New Caledonia Trough stratigraphic units: Cretaceous rift sediments, Late Cretaceous- Eocene pelagic drape and ∼1.5 km thick Oligocene-Quaternary trough fill contemporaneous with Tonga-Kermadec subduction) Harrington, H.J. (1998)- The basement geology of Lord Howe Rise and Norfolk Ridge predicted by projections from Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. South Pacific Technology Conference Abstracts, South Pacific Commission, Suva, p. 33-36. Hegarty, K.A. & J.K. Weissel (1988)- Complexities in the development of the Caroline plate region, western equatorial Pacific. In: A.E.M. Nairn & F.G. Stehli (eds.) The Ocean Basins and Margins 7B, The Pacific Ocean, Plenum, New York, p. 277-301. Hickey-Vargas, R. (1991)- Isotope characteristics of submarine lavas from the Philippine Sea: implications for the origin of arc and basin magmas of the Philippine tectonic plate. Tectonophysics 107, 290-304. Hickey-Vargas, R., J.M. Hergt & P.Spadea (1995)- The Indian Ocean-type isotopic signature in western Pacific marginal basins; origin and significance. In: B. Taylor & N. James (eds.) Active margins and marginal basins of the western Pacific, AGU Geoph Mon. 88, p. 175-197. (W Pacific marginal basins floored by basalts with Indian Ocean Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic characteristics, suggesting their spreading ridges tap into Indian Ocean upper mantle domain, which must extend to E side Philippine Sea and Indo-Australian plates and extends below W Philippine and Celebes Sea basins at time of opening) Hilde, T.W.C. (1983)- Sediment subduction versus accretion around the Pacific. Tectonophysics 99, p. 381-397. Hilde T.W.C., S. Uyeda & L. Kroenke (1976)- Tectonic history of the Western Pacific. In: C.L. Drake (ed.) Geodynamics: progress and prospects, Amer. Geoph. Union, p. 1-115. Hilde T.W.C., S. Uyeda & L. Kroenke (1977)- Evolution of the Western Pacific and its margins. Tectonophysics 38, p. 145-165. Howell, D.G. (1980)- Mesozoic accretion of exotic terranes along the New Zealand segment of Gondwanaland. Geology 8, 10, p. 487-491. Howell, D.G., E.R. Schermer, D.L. Jones, Z. Ben-Avraham & E. Scheibner (1985)- Preliminary tectonostratigraphic terrane map of the Circum-Pacific. Region. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, AAPG, Tulsa. (Map at 1:17M scale and explanatory notes by US Geological Survey personnel) Hughes, G.W. (1989)- The micropaleontology of sedimentary units from the Solomon Islands. In: J.G. Vedder & T.R. Bruns (ed.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Island arcs; Solomon Islands and Bougainville, Papua New Guinea regions, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Sci. Ser.12, p. 227-237. Hughes, G.W.(2004)- Accretion of the Ontong Java plateau to the Solomon arc: a historical perspective. Tectonophysics 389, p. 127-136.


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Hutchison C.S. (1987)- Displaced terranes of the Southwest Pacific. In: Z. Ben Avraham (ed.) The evolution of the Pacific Ocean margins, Oxford Monogr. Geol. Geoph. 8, p. 161-175. Iba, Y. & S. Sano (2007)- Mid-Cretaceous step-wise demise of the carbonate platform biota in the Northwest Pacific and establishment of the North Pacific biotic province. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 245, p. 262-282. (Cretaceous carbonate platform biota flourished from Berriasian- E Albian interval in Japan, Sakhalin, indicating Tethyan biotic realm. Step-wise disappearance in latest Aptian- M Albian of rudists, dasycladacean and red algae, hermatypic corals, stromatoporoids, nerineacean gastropods, orbitolinid foraminifera, etc.) Ishikawa, A., E. Nakamura & J.J. Mahoney (2005)- Jurassic oceanic lithosphere beneath the southern Ontong Java Plateau: Evidence from xenoliths in alnoite, Malaita, Solomon Islands. Geology 33, 393-396. Ishikawa, A., D.G. Pearson & C.W. Dale (2011)- Ancient Os isotope signatures from the Ontong Java Plateau lithosphere: tracing lithospheric accretion history. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 301, p. 159-170. Johnson, H. (1991)- Petroleum geology of Fiji. Marine Geol. 98, p. 313-352. Johnson, H. & J. Pflueger (1991)- Potential Mio-Pliocene reef traps in the Iron Bottom Basin, Solomon Islands. Marine Geol. 98, p. 177-186. Johnston, S.T. (2004)- The New Caledonia- D’Entrecasteaux orocline and its role in clockwise rotation of the Vanuatu- New Hebrides Arc and formation of the N Fiji Basin. In: A.J. Sussman & A.B.Weil (eds.) Orogenic curvature: integrating paleomagnetic and structural analyses, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 383, p. 225-236. (Bend of N end of a ribbon continent extending N from Northland Peninsula, New Zealand, through New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands and into submarine d’Entrecasteaux ridge (the NNNCd’E ribbon continent) formed as result of oroclinal orogeny Jolivet, L., P. Huchon & C. Rangin (1989)- Tectonic setting of Western Pacific marginal basins. Tectonophysics 160, p. 23-47. (Reconstructions of W Pacific marginal basins between 56 Ma- Present, accounting for rapid motion of "exotic terranes" along W Pacific convergent zone. Marginal basins open in variety of tectonic settings). Joshima, M. Y. Okuda, F. Murakami, K. Kishimoto & E. Honza (1987)- Age of the Solomon Sea Basin from magnetic lineations. Geo-Marine Lett. 6, 4, p. 229-234. (Magnetic anomalies in central to W half of Solomon Sea best fit age of 34-28 Ma and 5.8 cm/yr half-rate spreading speed. Heat flow and bathymetry data support this model) Kamp, P.J.J. (1986)- Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic tectonic development of the Southwest Pacific region. Tectonophysics 121, p. 225-251. Karig, D.E. (1971)- Origin and development of marginal basins in the western Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 76, 11, p. 2542-2561. (One of first models to propose origin of W Pacific basins by back-arc extension due to retreat of subduction trench and volcanic arc) Karig, D.E. (1975)- Basin genesis in the Philippine Sea. Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) 31, Washington, p. 857-880. Klingelhoefer, F., Y. Lafoy, J. Collot, E. Cosquer, L. Geli, H. Nouze & R. Vially (2007)- Crustal structure of the basin and ridge system west of New Caledonia (southwest Pacific) from wide angle and reflection seismic data, J. Geophys. Res. 112, B11102, p.


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Korenaga, J. (2005)- Why did not the Ontong Java Plateau form subaerially? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 234 p. 385399. (Bulk of gigantic Ontong Java oceanic plateau formed at ~120 Ma in submarine environment. Rapid construction of massive igneous body below sea level impossible to explain with proposed plume head or bolide impact hypotheses. Entrainment of dense fertile mantle by rapid seafloor spreading proposed to account for voluminous magmatism in submarine environment. Dense source mantle may explain anomalous subsidence history as well as minor magmatism at ~90 Ma) Krebs, W. (1975)- Formation of Southwest Pacific island arc-trench and mountain systems: plate or globalvertical tectonics? AAPG Bull. 59, 9, p. 1639-1666. Kroenke, L.W. (1984)- Cenozoic tectonic development of the Southwest Pacific. UN Econ. Social Comm. Asia Pacific (CCOP/SOPAC), Techn. Bull. 6, 112p. Ladd, H.S. & J.E. Hoffmeister (1945)- Geology of Lau, Fiji. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bull. 181, 399p. Lafoy, Y., I. Brodien, R. Vially & N.F. Exon (2005)- Structure of the basin and ridge system west of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific): a synthesis. Marine Geophys. Res. 26, p. 37-50. Lafoy, Y., B. Pelletier, J.M. Auzende, F. Missegue & L. Mollard (1994)- Tectonique compressive Cenozoique sur les rides de Fairway et Lord Howe entre Nouvelle-Caledonie et Australie. Comptes Rendu Acad. Sci. Paris, Serie IIa, 319, p. 1063-1069. Laird, M.G. & J.D. Bradshaw (2004)- The break-up of a long-term relationship: the Cretaceous separation of New Zealand from Gondwana. Gondwana Res. 7, 1, p. 273–286. (New Zealand part of Late Paleozoic- Mesozoic Gondwana convergent margin, with terrane accretion, uplift and erosion. Rapid change to extensional tectonics in mid-Cretaceous (Albian), marked by angular unconformity separating deformed ‘basement’ from less-deformed ‘cover’ strata. Coniacian uplift and erosion just prior to sea-floor spreading, resulted in ‘break-up’ unconformity. In Late Santonian (~85 Ma) diachronous, widespread low-relief erosion surface, overlain by fine-grained deposits coincided with onset of sea-floor spreading, passive margin subsidence, and final separation of New Zealand from Gondwana) Landmesser, C.W. (1977)- Evaluation of potential hydrocarbon occurrence in the Solomon Islands. South Pacific. Marine Geol. Notes 1, 5, p. 47-53. Larson, R.L. & C.G. Chase (1972)- Late Mesozoic evolution of the western Pacific Ocean. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 83, p. 3627-3644. Leitch, E.C. (1984)- Marginal basins of the SW Pacific and the preservation and recognition of their ancient analogues: a review. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 16, p. 97-108. (SW Pacific marginal basins floored by oceanic lithosphere formed by (1) sea-floor spreading behind active magmatic arcs (back-arc basins) and (2) rifting of continental crust without obvious connection to arc (small ocean basins). Basins opened rapidly. Thick sediment piles adjacent to emergent continental margins or active arcs, with thin pelagic sediments, ash, and fine grained turbidites on basin floors. Ancient back-arc basins identifiable on basis of temporal relations to magmatic arcs and volcanic influence in sedimentary sequence, but distinguishing between small and major ocean basins often difficult. Most basins close by subduction) Lillie, A.R. & R.N. Brothers (1970)- The geology of New Caledonia. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 13, p. 145183. Luyendyk, B.P., K.C. MacDonald & W.B. Bryan (1973)- Rifting history of the Woodlark Basin in the Southwest Pacific. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 84, 4, p. 1125-1133.


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Macpherson, C.G. & R. Hall (2001)- Tectonic setting of Eocene boninite magmatism in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 186, p. 215-230. (M Eocene boninites generated over large region during early history of Izu-Bonin Mariana (IBM) arc, but boninite magmatism not recognised in younger subduction zones. Thermal anomaly or mantle plume influenced magmatic and tectonic development of W Pacific from M Eocene until present day) Mann, P. & A. Taira (2004)- Global tectonic significance of the Solomon Islands and Ontong Java Plateau convergent zone. Tectonophysics 389, 3-4, p. 137-190. Marlow, N.S., S.V. Dadisman & N.F. Exon (eds.) (1988)- Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Islands arcs- New Ireland and Manus region, Papua New Guinea. Circum-Pacific Council Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Science Ser. 9, 288 p. Maurizot, P. (2011)- First sedimentary record of the pre-obduction convergence in New Caledonia: formation of an Early Eocene accretionary complex in the north of Grande Terre and emplacement of the ‘Montagnes Blanches’ nappe. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 182, 6 p. 479-491. (New Caledonia lies at N tip of Norfolk ridge continental fragment, which separated from E Gondwana margin in Late Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous- Paleogene sedimentary succession of N New Caledonia mainly pelagics with minimal terrigenous input, deformed in M Eocene SW-verging accretionary complex. Change to activemargin regime flysch-type deposits at end of E Eocene (Late Ypresian, zone E7) at ~50 Ma. System prograded S-wards until Late Eocene collisional stage, when continental Norfolk Ridge entered convergence zone and blocked it) McDougall, I., B.J.J. Embleton & D.B. Stoen (1981)- Origin and evolution of Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 28, p. 155-176. (Lord Howe Island is eroded remnant of Late Miocene shield volcano (~6.4-6.9 Ma) on Lord Howe seamount chain, produced by movement of Australian plate over magma source/ hot spot. Nova Bank, at N end of chain, may reflect volcanic activity at ~23 Ma. Adjacent Lord Howe Rise is continental crustal block that separated from E Australia by Tasman Sea seafloor spreading between 80-60 Ma (Late Cretaceous- E Tertiary)) McDougall, I. & G.J. van der Lingen (1974)- Age of the rhyolites of the Lord Howe Rise and the evolution of the southwest Pacific Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 21, p. 117-126. (On Mid-Cretaceous pre-Tasman breakup rhyolitic volcanism) McNeill, D.F. & A. Pisera (2010)- Neogene lithofacies evolution on a small carbonate platform in the Loyalty Basin, Mare, New Caledonia. In: W.A. Morgan, A.D. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 243(Biofacies succession of 40 km wide Mare carbonate platform in Loyalty Islands. Change in biotic assemblages across subaerial discontinuity from Late Miocene fringing reef and rhodolith shelf built around volcanic core, to 2m thin bed of E Pliocene acervulinid foraminifera-algal (foralgalith) macroids that forms base of massive coral-dominated atoll. Mio-Pliocene boundary subaerial exposure followed by reflooding in E Pliocene. Switch to coral-dominated atoll in Pliocene likely reflects (global?) trend of decreased coralline red algae) Meister, C., P. Maurizot & J.A. Grant-Mackie (2010)- Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) ammonites from New Caledonia (French Overseas Territory, Western Pacific). Paleontological Res. 14, 2, p. 85-118. (17 Hettangian- E Sinemurian ammonite taxa from SW coast of New Caledonia in Triassc- Mid-Jurassic volcanoclastic turbidites series named New Zealand graywacke. Strong paleogeographic affinities with W Tethys, less strong affinities with E Pacific areas, and endemic elements. Part of collage of terranes accreted during Permian-Lower Cretaceous on E Gondwanan margin) Miller, M.S., B.L.N. Kennett & V.G. Toy (2006)- Spatial and temporal evolution of the subducting Pacific plate structure along the western Pacific margin. J. Geoph. Res. 111, B02401, p.


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Mitchell, A.H.G. (1970)- Facies of an Early Miocene volcanic arc, Malekula Island, New Hebrides. Sedimentology 14, p. 201-243. (On Malekula Island pre-Miocene pelagic red mudstones in tectonic contact with thick marine E Miocene island arc succession of volcanoclastic rocks (intruded by basaltic and andesitic dykes and sills), detrital limestones, pelagic sediments and rare lava flows. Carbonate detritus from reefs bordering volcanic islands) Mohiuddin, M.M., Y. Ogawa & K. Matsumaru (2000)- Late Oligocene larger foraminifera from the Komahashi-Daini Seamount, Kyushu-Palau Ridge and their tectonic significance. Paleont. Res. (Pal. Soc. Japan) 4, 3, p. 191-204. (Typical low-latitude Late Oligocene larger foram assemblage with Miogypsinoides, Spiroclypeus, Eulepidina, etc., from dredge samples in ~2500m of water on flank of seamount on Kyushu-Palau Ridge) Mortimer, N. (2004)- New Zealand’s geological foundations. Gondwana Res. 7, p. 261-272. Mortimer, N., P.B. Gans, M. Palin, S. Meffre, R.H. Herzer & D.N.B. Skinner (2010)- Location and migration of Miocene‐Quaternary volcanic arcs in the SW Pacific region, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 190, p. 1-10. Mortimer, N., I.J. Graham, C.J. Adams, A.J. Tulloch & H.J. Campbell (2005)- Relationships between New Zealand, Australian and New Caledonian mineralised terranes: a regional geological framework. In: Proc. 2005 New Zealand Minerals and Mining Conf., p. 151-159. (online at: http://www.nzpam.govt.nz/cms/pdf-library/minerals/conferences-1/151_papers_42.pdf) (Reconstruction of New Zealand, New Caledonia, etc. terranes, all part of E Gondwanan active margin prior to opening of Tasman Sea in Cretavceous after 90 Ma (partly based on Gaina et al. 1998)) Mortimer, N. & A. Tulloch (1996)- The Mesozoic basement of New Zealand. In: Mesozoic Geology of the Eastern Australia Plate Conference, Geol. Soc. Australia, Extended Abstr. 43, p. 391-399. Mortimer, N., A.J. Tulloch & T.R. Ireland (1997)- Basement geology of Taranaki and Wanganui basins, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph.40, p. 223-236. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.1997.9514754) (Pre-Late Cretaceous Torlesse and Waipapa basement terranes identified in Wanganui Basin, and Murihiku Terrane in eastern Taranaki Basin) Mrowzowski, C.L. & D.E. Hayes (1979)- The evolution of the Parece Vela Basin, eastern Philippine Sea. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 46, p. 49-67. Muir, R.J., T.R. Ireland, S.D. Weaver, J.D. Bradshaw et al. (1998)- Geochronology and geochemistry of a Mesozoic magmatic arc system, Fiordland, New Zealand. J. Geol. Soc., London, 155, p.1037-1053. (Median Tectonic Zone in E Fiordland, SW New Zealand is tectonically disrupted belt of mainly M-Jurassic- E Cretaceous (168–137 Ma) I-type magmatic arc rocks related to subduction along Palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana. Carboniferous age granitoids in SW Fiordland along W side and within zone. Triassic plutonic rocks E of zone) Nairn, A.E.M., F.G. Stehli & S. Uyeda (eds.) (1985)- The ocean basins and margins 7A, The Pacific Ocean-part 1. Plenum Press, New York, p. 1-748. Nairn, A.E.M., F.G. Stehli & S. Uyeda (eds.) (1988)- The ocean basins and margins 7B, The Pacific Oceanpart 2. Plenum Press, New York, p. 1-642. Neal, C.R., J.J. Mahoney, L.W. Kroenke, R.A. Duncan & M.G. Petterson (1997)- The Ontong Java Plateau. In: J. Mahoney & F. Coffin (eds.) Large Igneous Provinces: continental, oceanic, and planetary flood volcanism, AGU Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 1000, p. 183-216. (Alaska-size Ontong Java Plateau basalt province in SW Pacific two principal ages: ~122 and ~90 Ma, probably from single mantle plume)


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Nicholson, K.N., P. Maurizot, P.M. Black, C. Picard et al. (2011)- Geochemistry and age of the Noumea Basin lavas, New Caledonia: evidence for Cretaceous subduction beneath the eastern Gondwana margin. Lithos 125, p. 659-674. (Noumea Basin contains lavas with continental arc signatures. Arc volcanism active during Late Cretaceous (88–103 Ma). Subduction along E Gondwana margin may have extended to New Zealand. Bimodal chemistry in NZ and NC may be result of slab detachment and roll-back) Nicoll, R. (1998)- Carpenteria Basin biozonation and stratigraphy Chart No.16. Geoscience Australia Publ., Chart 16. (online at: https://www.ga.gov.au/ ) Norvick, M.S., R.P. Langford, N. Rollet, T. Hashimoto, K.L. Higgins & M.P. Morse (2008)- New insights into the evolution of the Lord Howe Rise (Capel and Faust basins), offshore eastern Australia, from terrane and geophysical data analysis. In: J.E. Blevin et al. (eds.) Symposium III: Energy security for the 21st century, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia PESA), Special Publ., p. 291-310. Ozawa, T. & K. Kanmera (1984)- Tectonic terranes of Late Paleozoic rocks and their accretionary history in the Circum-Pacific region viewed from fusulinacean paleobiogeography. Stanford Univ. Publ. Geol. Sci. 28, p. 158-160. Packham, G.H. (1973)- A speculative Phanerozoic history of the South-west Pacific. In: P.J. Coleman (ed.) The Western Pacific, island arcs, marginal seas, geochemistry, University of Western Australia Press, Perth, p. 369388. Packham, G.H. & D.A. Falvey (1971)- An hypothesis for the formation of marginal basins in the western Pacific. Tectonophysics 11, 2, p. 79-109. Paris, J.P. (1981)- Geologie de la Nouvelle-Caledonie; un essai de synthese. Mem. Bur. Rech. Geol. Min. 131, p. 1-279. (‘Synthesis of the geology of New Caledonia’) Paris, J.P. & J.D. Bradshaw (1981)- Paleogeography and geotectonics of New Caledonia and New Zealand in the Triassic and Jurassic. In: Int. Symp. Geodynamics in the Southwest Pacific, Noumea, New Caledonia. Ed. Technip, p. 209-216. Paris, J.P. & R. Lille (1977)- New Caledonia: evolution from Permian to Miocene. Mapping data and hypothesis about geotectonics. In: Int. Symp. Geodynamics in the Southwest Pacific, Noumea, New Caledonia. Ed. Technip, p. 195-208. Parrot J.F. & F. Dugas (1980)- The disrupted ophiolitic belt of the Southwest Pacific; evidence of an Eocene subduction zone. Tectonophysics 66, 4, p. 349-372. Petterson, M.G., T. Babbs, C.R. Neal, J.J. Mahoney et al. (1999)- Geological-tectonic framework of Solomon Islands, SW Pacific: crustal accretion and growth within an intra-oceanic setting. Tectonophysics 301, p. 35-60. (Solomon Islands complex collage of crustal units or terrains (herein termed the ‘Solomon block’), formed and accreted within an intra-oceanic environment since Cretaceous times) Phillips, G. & R. Offler (2011)- Contrasting modes of eclogite and blueschist exhumation in a retreating subduction system: The Tasmanides, Australia. Gondwana Res. 19, 3, p. 800-811. (Three groups pf blueschists and eclogites in Tasmanides of E Australia: (1) eclogite-blueschists with calcalkaline/ tholeiitic affinities in thick sedimentary sequences (continental HP rocks; exhumation by buoyancy of continental slabs); (2) moderate-pressure blueschist of arc to MORB-type composition within sedimentary or serpentinite melange zones (accretionary HP rocks; exhumation by corner flow and/or extensional collapse in


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accretionary wedge) and (3) eclogites of MORB-type composition within serpentinite (exotic HP rocks; discontinuous exhumation triggered by slab rollback and trench retreat). Dominant W-dipping, E-ward migrating subduction zone can explain HP metamorphic rocks in Tasmanides) Phinney, E., P. Mann, M.F. Coffin, T.H. Shipley (1999)- Sequence stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic history of the southwestern Ontong Java Plateau adjacent to the North Solomon Trench and Solomon Island Arc. J. Geoph. Res.104, B9, p. 20,449-20,446. Pickard, A.L., C.J. Adams & M.E. Barley (2000)- Australian provenance for Upper Permian to Cretaceous rocks forming accretionary complexes on the New Zealand sector of the Gondwanaland margin. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, 6, p. 987-1007. (Detrital zircon ages for Permian-Cretaceous turbiditic quartzo-feldspathic sandstones from Torlesse and Waipapa terranes of New Zealand. Major Permian-Triassic and minor E Paleozoic- Mesoproterozoic age peaks indicate sediment from New England Orogen, NE Australia. Late Permian- M Triassic Torlesse/ Waipapa turbidite fans linked to uplift of orogen during 265-230 Ma (Late Permian- Mid Triassic) HunterBowen event. Post-Triassic depocentres received sediment from relict orogen and from Jurassic and Cretaceous volcanic provinces now offshore from S Queensland and N NSW. Meso- and Neoproterozoic age components cannot be matched with source terranes in Australian-Antarctic Precambrian craton, and possibly originated in Proterozoic cores of Cathaysia and Yangtze Blocks of SE China) Pillet R., D. Rouland, G. Roult & D.A. Wiens (1999)- Crust and upper mantle heterogeneities in the Southwest Pacific from surface wave phase velocity analysis. Physics Earth Planet. Int. 110, p. 211-234. (New tomographic imaging shows large velocities contrasts along Solomon, New Hebrides and Fiji-Tonga trenches. Lowest anomalies under N and S Fiji basins and Lau Basin, highest values beneath Pacific plate and E part of Indian plate downgoing under N Fiji Basin. Continental regions (E Australia, New Guinea, Fiji Islands, New Zealand) low velocities, due to thick continental crust, whereas Tasmanian, D'Entrecasteaux, and N and Fiji basins suggestive of thinner oceanic crust) Piroutet, M. (1917)- Etudes stratigraphiques de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Chotat Freres, Macon, p. ('Stratigraphic studies of New Caledonia') Potel, S. (2007)- Very low-grade metamorphic study in the pre-Late Cretaceous terranes of New Caledonia (southwest Pacific Ocean). Island Arc 16, p. 291–305. (Pre-Late Cretaceous terranes from C New Caledonia metamorphosed under very low-grade conditions by two high-P/low-T events: (1) Late Jurassic (2) Eocene, overprinting Late Jurassic metamorphism in N part of area) Potel, S., R. Ferreiro Mahlmann, W.B. Stern, J. Mullis & M. Frey (2006)- Very low-grade metamorphic evolution of pelitic rocks under high-pressure/ low-temperature conditions, NW New Caledonia (SW Pacific). J. Petrology 47, 5, p. 991-1015. (P-T gradient in Late Eocene low-T/high-P metamorphic belt in N New Caledonia increases from SW to NE. Metapelites in pumpellyite–prehnite and blueschist zones contain lawsonite, Mg-carpholite, Fe-stilpnomelane and Fe-glaucophane, indicating progression of metamorphic conditions from<0·3 GPa/ 250°C in kaoliniterock in SW, up to 1·5 GPa/ 410°C in lawsonite–glaucophane-bearing sample in NE of Diahot terrane) Premoli, C.(1987)- Gold mineralization of New Caledonia. In: Pacific Rim Congress 87, Gold Coast 1987, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 373-378. Premoli Silva (1986)- A new biostratigraphic interpretation of the sedimentary record recovered at Site 462, Leg 61, Nauru Basin, Western Equatorial Pacific. Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Proj. 89, p. 311-319. Premoli Silva, I. & C. Brusa (1981)- Shallow-water skeletal debris and larger foraminifers from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 462, Nauru Basin, Western Equatorial Pacific. Init. Repts. DSDP 61, p. 439- 473.


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Premoli Silva, I., A. Nicora & A. Arnaud Vanneau (1995)- Upper Cretaceous larger foraminifer biostratigraphy from Wodejebato Guyot, Sites 873 through 877. In: J.A. Haggerty, I. Premoli Silva et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 144, p. 171-197. (occ. Pseudorbitoides, Omphalocyclus, Orbitoides, Asterorbis, Sulcoperculina off N Marshall Islands) Premoli Silva, I., A. Nicora, A. Arnaud Vanneau, A.F. Bud, G.F. Caiman & J.P. Masse (1995)Paleobiogeographic evolution of shallow-water organisms from the Aptian to the Eocene in the western Pacific. In: J.A. Haggerty, I. Premoli Silva et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 144, p. 887-893. (Shallow-water organisms from four guyots in W Pacific show changes in bioprovinces through time. Tethyan low-latitude bioprovince characterizes Early Aptian worldwide. Late Albian mainly cosmopolitan forms, with elements restricted to Caribbean-C American region or Mediterranean, suggest two bioprovinces differentiated at low latitude. Late Campanian-Maastrichtian under influence of Caribbean, but foram assemblages also include Mediterranean elements, suggesting colonization occurred both W-ward and E-ward. In latest Paleocene-early M Eocene prevalent migration from Mediterranean to Pacific) Quilty, P.G. (1993)- Tasmantid and Lord Howe seamounts: biostratigraphy and palaeoceanographic significance. Alcheringa 17, p. 27-53. Rangin, C., E.A. Silver & K. Tamaki (1995)- Closure of Western Pacific marginal basins: rupture of the oceanic crust and the emplacement of ophiolites. In: B. Taylor & J. Natland (eds.) Active margins and marginal basins of the Western Pacific, Amer Geoph Union, Geoph Mon 88, p. 405-417. Regnier, M (1988)- Lateral variation of upper mantle structure beneath New Caledonia determined from Pwave receiver function: evidence for a fossil subduction zone. Geoph. J. 95, p. 561-577. (P wave velocities from earthquakes suggest N-dipping low velocity zone below New Caledonia, possibly remnant of Eocene subduction zone below New Caledonia continental block (which separated from Gondwana in Late Cretaceous)) Rodd, J.A. (1993)- New reef targets for oil and gas exploration in Fiji, Southwest Pacific. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on the Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 33, p. 313-330. (Fiji Oligocene- Pliocene basins on and adjacent to Eocene- M Miocene Outer Melanesian volcanic island arc. One oil seep and oil-gas shows in wells demonstrate hydrocarbon generation. Potential reservoirs in Late Miocene and Pliocene carbonates. Seven wells drilled in 1980-1982, none reached target) Rodd, J.A. (1994)- New reef targets for oil and gas exploration in Fiji, Southwest Pacific. Oil and Gas J. 92, 10, p. 86-93. (Condensed version of Rodd (1993)) Roser, B.P. & R.J. Korsch (1999)- Geochemical characterization, evolution and source of a Mesozoic accretionary wedge: the Torlesse terrane, New Zealand. Geol. Mag. 136, p. 493-512. (Compositions of quartzofeldspathic Permian-Cretaceous sandstones of Torlesse terrane, New Zealand, display progressive changes. Torlesse derived from relatively unweathered source with granodioritic bulk composition) Scheibner, E., T. Sato, H.F. Doutch, W.O. Addicott, M.J. Terman & G.W. Moore (1991)- Explanatory Notes for the Tectonic map of the Circum-Pacific region, Southwest Quadrant, 1: 10,000,000. US Geol. Survey/ Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., p. 1-59 (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/cp/37/report.pdf) Schellart, W.P., G.S. Lister & V.G. Toy (2006)- A Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic reconstruction of the Southwest Pacific region: tectonics controlled by subduction and slab rollback processes. Earth Science Rev. 76, p. 191-233. (Reconstructions of SW Pacific, E of Australia)


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Schlanger, S.O. & I. Premoli Silva (1981)- Tectonic, volcanic and paleogeographic implications of redeposited reef faunas of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary age from the Nauru Basin and the Line Islands. Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Proj. 61, p. 817- 827. Schmidt, M., R. Botz, K. Winn, P. Stoffers, O. Thiessen & P. Herzig (2002)- Seeping hydrocarbons and related carbonate mineralisations in sediments south of Lihir Island (New Ireland fore arc basin, Papua New Guinea). Chemical Geol. 186, p. 249-264. Schuth, S., S. Konig & C. Munker (2011)- Subduction zone dynamics in the SW Pacific plate boundary region constrained from high-precision Pb isotope data. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 311, p. 328-338. (High-precision Pb isotope data of lavas from Solomon island arc allows to distinguish between subduction components from ancient subduction of Pacific plate and presently subducting Indian-Australian plate) Sclater, J.G., D.E. Karig, L.A. Lawver & K.E. Louden (1976)- Heat flow, depth and crustal thickness of the marginal basins of the South Philippine Sea. J. Geoph. Res. 81, p. 309-318. Scott, J., J. Muhling, I. Fletcher, M. Billia, J.M. Palin, T. Elliot & C. Gunter (2011)- The relationship of Palaeozoic metamorphism and S-type magmatism on the paleo-Pacific Gondwana margin. Lithos 127,p. 522534. (Massive pulse of Late Devonian S-type granitoids rapidly emplaced into W Antarctic- New Zealand segments of Paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana at ~ 371 Ma. Tied to extensional tectonic regime) Sdrolias, M. R.D. Muller and C. Gaina (2001)- Plate tectonic evolution of Eastern Australian marginal ocean basins. PESA Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, Melbourne 2001, p. 227- 237. (Tectonic reconstructions of SW Pacific Ocean E of Australia. Between 120-100 Ma active Australian-Pacific plate boundary was along E side of Norfolk Ridge. Transtensional break-up of East Gondwana starting at ~100-90 Ma, with opening of Tasman Sea at ~83 Ma (chron 34) and cessation of spreading in Tasman and Coral Seas at 53 Ma. Reconstructions of regions E of Australia at 120, 90, 83, 61, 45, 35 and 25 Ma) Sdrolias, M., R.D. Muller & C. Gaina (2003)- Tectonic evolution of the Southwest Pacific using constraints from backarc basins. In: R.J. Hillis & R.D. Muller (eds.) Evolution and dynamics of the Australian Plate, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 372/ Geol. Soc. Australia Spec. Paper 22, p. 343-359. (Formation of SW Pacific basins from 120 Ma- today. Similar to paper above, but with more color) Sdrolias, M., W.R. Roest & R.D. Muller (2004)- An expression of Philippine Sea plate rotation: the Parece Vela and Shikoku Basins. Tectonophysics 394, p. 69-86. Shatwell, D. (1987)- Epithermal gold mineralization and late Cenozoic magmatism in the Melanesian Outer Arc. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 393-398. Smit Sibinga, G.L. (1943)- On the petrological and structural character of the Pacific. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 13, p. 335-354. (Old review of Pacific islands, structure and petrology of Pacific Ocean area) Spandler, C., D. Rubatto & J. Hermann (2005)- Late Cretaceous-Tertiary tectonics of the Southwest Pacific: insights from U-Pb sensitive, high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) dating of eclogite facies rocks from New Caledonia. Tectonics 24, TC3003, p. 1-16. (Eclogite-facies metapelite from N New Caledonia yields zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of 44 Ma (M Eocene). Protoliths of eclogite facies rocks are sediments formed between 85-55 Ma in back-arc basin. Subduction initiated at ~55 Ma and stopped at 44 Ma during attempted subduction of Norfolk Ridge continental crust. The 44 Ma age for peak metamorphism predates by 10 My Late Eocene obduction of New Caledonia Ultramafic Nappe. Revised model for development of New Caledonia with multiple Eocene episodes of compression and extension)


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Spencer, J.E. & Y. Ohara (2008)- Magmatic and tectonic continuous casting in the circum-Pacific region. In: J.E. Spencer & S.R. Titley (eds.) Ores and orogenesis: Circum-Pacific tectonics, geologic evolution and ore deposits, Arizona Geol. Soc. Digest 22, p. 31-54. Srinivasan, M.S. & J.P. Kennett (1983)- The Oligocene- Miocene boundary in the South Pacific. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 94, 6, p. 798-812. Stock, J. & P. Molnar (1987)- Revised history of early Tertiary plate motion in the southwest Pacific. Nature 325, p. 495-500. Sutherland, R. (1999)- Basement geology and tectonic development of the greater New Zealand region: an interpretation from regional magnetic data. Tectonophysics 308, p. 341-362. (Basement geology of New Zealand Early Palaeozoic terranes of W Province, separated from late PaleozoicMesozoic E Province terranes by suite of Carboniferous-Cretaceous arc-related igneous rocks. Correlative E Province rocks in New Caledonia. W Challenger Plateau and Lord Howe Rise high amplitude magnetic and gravity anomalies with NW-trending fabric. Magnetic character and Cretaceous reconstruction, supports basement rock correlations with E Lachlan Fold Belt or New England Fold Belt, Australia. Negative magnetic anomalies adjacent to Campbell Plateau and Lord Howe Rise, and in New Caledonia Basin, suggest seafloor spreading started during chron 33r (79-83 Ma)) Sutherland, R., J. Collot, Y. Lafoy, G.A. Logan, R. Hackney, V.M. Stagpoole, C. Uruski et al. (2010)Lithosphere delamination with foundering of lower crust and mantle caused permanent subsidence of New Caledonia Trough and transient uplift of Lord Howe Rise during Eocene and Oligocene initiation of TongaKermadec subduction, Western Pacific. Tectonics, 29, TC2004, p. 1-16. (Deep water New Caledonia Trough and Norfolk Ridge formed in Eocene and Oligocene, associated with onset of subduction and back‐arc spreading at Australia‐Pacific plate boundary. Tectonic model involves initial Cretaceous rift, strongly modified by Cenozoic subduction initiation) Sutherland, R., P. King & R. Wood (2001)- Tectonic evolution of Cretaceous rift basins in south-eastern Australia and New Zealand: implications for exploration risk assessment. In: K. Hill & T. Bernecker (eds.) Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, A refocussed energy perspective for the future, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Spec. Publ., p. 3-13. Taylor, B. (1979)- The Bismarck Sea: evolution of a back-arc basin. Geology 7, p. 171-174. (Magnetic anomalies indicate Manus Basin (part of Bismarck Sea basin) formed during the past 3.5 My by asymmetric sea-floor spreading. Spreading direction N60°W, opening rate 13.2 cm/yr) Taylor, B. (2006)- The single largest oceanic plateau: Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 241, p. 372-380. (Ontong Java Plateau is largest oceanic mafic igneous province. Emplaced at ~120 Ma, with smaller magmatic pulse of ~90 Ma. Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateaus now separated from OJP by ocean basins, but originally formed as one plateau with Ontong Java) Taylor, B. & N.F. Exon (eds.) (1987)- Marine geology, geophysics and geochemistry of the Woodlark Basin, Solomon Islands. Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min Res. Houston, 7, p. 1-363. Taylor, B. & A.M. Goodliffe (2004)- The West Philippine Basin and the initiation of subduction, revisited. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L12602, p. Tissot, B. & A. Noesmoen (1958)- Les bassins de Noumea et de Bourail (Nouvelle Caledonie). Rev. Inst. Francais Petrole 13, 5, p. 739-760. ('The Noumea and Bourail basins, New Caledonia')


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Tregoning, P. (2002)- Plate kinematics in the western Pacific derived from geodetic observations. J. Geophys. Res. 107, B1, 2020, p. 7/1- 7/8. Tulloch, A.J., D.L. Kimbrough & R.A. Wood (1991)- Carboniferous granite basement dredged from a site on the southwest margin of the Challenger Plateau, Tasman Sea, New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 34, 2, p. 121-126. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.1991.9514449) (Granite dredged off basement horst on W margin of Challenger Plateau W of New Zealand yields 335 ± 7 Ma crystallisation age. Granite brecciated and hydrothermally altered around 95 Ma (major extension event?)) Tulloch, A.J., J. Ramezani, N. Mortimer, J. Mortensen, P. van den Bogaard & R. Maas (2009)- Cretaceous felsic volcanism in New Zealand and Lord Howe Rise (Zealandia) as a precursor to final Gondwana breakup. In: U. Ring & B. Wernicke (eds.) Extending a continent: architecture, rheology and heat budget. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 321, p. 89-118. (New radiometric ages for seven Cretaceous rhyolites, tuffs and granites from Zealandia spanning 30 Ma period from arc magmatism to continental break-up. 112 Ma tuffs known only from E Province, with Cretaceous normal fault system. 101 and 97 Ma rhyolites and tuffs occur across entire width and half length of Zealandia from near palaeotrench to continental interior, indicating widespread and instantaneous extension. Extension directions all oriented ~30° oblique to margin. Zealandia rifting controlled by either >83 Ma capture of Zealandia by Pacific Plate and/or <83 Ma Zealandia-West Antarctica spreading) Ueda, Y. (2004)- Paleomagnetism of seamounts in the West Philippine Sea as inferred from correlation analysis of magnetic anomalies. Earth Planets Space 56, p. 967-977. (online at: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2004/5610/56100967.pdf) Uyeda, S. & Z. Ben-Avraham (1972)- Origin and development of the Philippine Sea. Nature 240, p. 176-178. Uyeda, S. & R. McCabe (1983)- A possible mechanism of episodic spreading of the Philippine Sea. In: M. Hashimoto & S. Uyeda (eds.) Accretion tectonics in the Circum-Pacific Regions, Terrapub, Tokyo, p. 291-306. Van de Beuque, S., H.M. Stagg, J. Sayers, J.B. Willcox & P.A. Symonds (2003)- Geological framework of the northern Lord Howe Rise and adjacent areas. Geoscience Australia, Petroleum & Marine Division, Record 2003/01, 92p. Van de Beuque, S., J.M. Auzende, Y. Lafoy & F. Missegue (1998)- Tectonique et volcanisme tertiare sur la ride de Lord Howe (Sud-Ouest Pacifique). Comptes Rendu Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. 2, 326, p. 663-669. Van der Linden, W.J.M. (1969)- Extinct mid-ocean ridges in the Tasman Sea and in the Western Pacific. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 6, p. 483-491. Varol, O. (1989)- Calcareous nannofossil study of the central and western Solomon Islands. Circum Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Res., Earth Science Ser. 12, p. 239-268. Vedder, J.G. & T.R. Bruns (eds.) (1989)- Geologic setting and petroleum prospects of basin sequences, offshore Solomon Islands and eastern Papua New Guinea. Circum Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Houston, Earth Science Ser. 12, p. 287-322. Von Stackelberg, U. & U. von Rad (1990)- Geological evolution and hydrothermal activity in the Lau and North Fiji Basins, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Geol. Jahrbuch, D 92, p. 1-660. Vozenin-Serra, C. & S.M. Cheboldaeff (1993)- Paleoxylologie du Trias superieur de Nouvelle-Caledonie; les bois a vaisseaux fibriformes et leur interet phylogenetique. Compt. Rend. Acad Sci, Ser 2, 316, 6, p. 861-865. (Occurrence of fibriform vessel-bearing woods in Late Triasic of Moindou area, SW New-Caledonia, suggests possible origin of Angiosperms here)


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Vozenin-Serra, C. & J. Grant-Mackie (1996)- Les bois noriens des terrains Murihiku- Nouvelle-Zelande- interet paleophytogeographique. Palaeontographica B 241, 5-6, p. 99-125. ('The Norian wood fossils from the Murihiku- New Zealand terranes; phytogeogeographic significance') Wandres, A.M. (2002)- Provenance study of the Torlesse Terranes and implications for the origin of the continental crust of eastern New Zealand. Ph.D. Thesis University of Canterbury, p. 1-241 + plates (2 volumes) (online at: http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/5730) (Torlesse terranes in New Zealand E Province are large accretionary complexes with quartzofeldspathic sandstones. Two terranes in South Island: Permian-Late Triassic Rakaia terrane and Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous Pahau terrane. All studies point to continental arc/cratonic provenance) Wandres, A.M. & J.D. Bradshaw (2005)- New Zealand tectonostratigraphy and implications of conglomeratic rocks for the configuration of the SW Pacific of Gondwana. In: A.P.M. Vaughan et al. (eds.) Terrane proceses at the margins of Gondwana, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 245, p. 179-216. (Overview of New Zealand tectonics, as part of Paleozoic- mid-Cretaceous Gondwana active margin, now dispersed in E Australia, SW Pacific, New Zealand and Antarctica) Wandres, A.M., J.D. Bradshaw, S. Weaver, R. Maas, T. Ireland & N. Eby (2004)- Provenance of the sedimentary Rakaia sub-terrane, Torlesse Terrane, South Island, New Zealand: the use of igneous clast compositions to define the source. Sediment. Geol. 168, p. 193-226. (Permian to Late Triassic Rakaia sub-terrane is accretionary complex with large volume of quartzofeldspathic sandstones. Zircon ages of igneous clasts define 3-4 periods of magmatism: minor Early Permian (292-277 Ma) and major Late Permian- M Triassic (258-243 Ma), Carboniferous (356-325 Ma) and Cambrian. Broad correlation with Amundsen and Ross provinces of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica) Weissel, J.K. & R.N. Anderson (1978)- Is there a Caroline plate? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 41, p. 143-159. Whattam, S.A. (2009)- Arc-continent collisional orogenesis in the SW Pacific and the nature, source and correlation of emplaced ophiolitic nappe components. Lithos 113, p. 88-114. (SW Pacific ophiolitic nappes emplaced on former margin of E Australia provide record of Paleogene cyclical episodes of arc-continent collisional orogenesis) Whattam, S.A., J. Malpas, J.R. Ali & I.E.M. Smith (2008)- New SW Pacific tectonic model: cyclical intraoceanic magmatic arc construction and near-coeval emplacement along the Australia-Pacific margin in the Cenozoic. Geochem., Geoph., Geosyst. 9, 3, Q03021, doi:10.1029/2007GC001710, 34p. (New reconstructions for NE margin of Australia- E-most PNG, whereby PUB, New Caledonia, and Northland ophiolites formed and were emplaced in cyclical fashion above extensive NE dipping Cenozoic intraoceanic arc system which diachronously propagated (N-S) along E margin of Australian Plate. These ‘infant arc’ ophiolites are fragments of suprasubduction zone lithosphere (SSZL) generated in earliest stages of magmatic arc formation that were emplaced shortly after (<20 Ma) as result of forearc-Australian Plate collision) White, N.C., M.J. Leake, S.N. McCaughey & B.W. Parris (1995)- Epithermal gold deposits of the Southwest Pacific. J. Geochem. Expl. 54, 2, p. 87-136. Wilckens, O.R. (1925)- Stratigraphie und Bau von Neu-Caledonien. Geol. Rundschau 16, p. 128-142. (‘Stratigraphy and structure of New Caledonia’. Mainly literature compilation. Peridotites not Pre-Tertiary, but post-Eocene) Willcox, J. B., J. Sayers, H.M.J. Stagg & S. van de Beuque (2001)- Geological framework of the Lord Howe Rise and adjacent ocean basins. In: K.C. Hill & T. Bernecker (eds.) Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, a refocused energy perspective for the future, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia (PESA), Spec. Publ. p. 211- 225. Winterer, E.L. (1991)- The Tethyan Pacific during Late Jurassic and Cretaceous times. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 87, p. 253-265.


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Wood, R.A. (1991)- Structure and seismic stratigraphy of the western Challenger Plateau. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 34, 1, p. 1-9. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.1991.9514433) (Challenger Basin at W margin of the Challenger Plateau, > 2 km of sediment, probably formed in early stages of Late Cretaceous rifting in Tasman Sea. Major phase of submarine basaltic volcanism at ~38 Ma. Challenger Plateau is thinned continental crust, separated from Antarctica-Australia when Gondwana margin fragmented in Late Cretaceous (with basement including Carboniferous granite; Tulloch et al. 1991)) Wood, R.A. (1993)- The Challenger Plateau. In: P.F. Balance (ed.) South Pacific sedimentary basins, Sedimentary Basins of the World, Elsevier Publ., p. 351-364. Woodhall, D. (1985)- Geology of the Lau Ridge. In: D.W. Scholl & T.W. Vallier (eds.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific island arcs- Tonga Region, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min Res., Earth-Sci. Ser. 2, p. 351-378. Woodhead, J.D., J. Hergt, M. Sandiford & W. Johnson (2010)- The big crunch: physical and chemical expressions of arc/continent collision in the Western Bismarck arc. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 190,p. 11-24. Yan, C.Y. & L.W. Kroenke (1993)- A plate tectonic reconstruction of the southwest Pacific, 0-100 Ma. In: E.M.Maddox (ed.) Proc Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Res. 130, p. 697-709. Yokoyama, K., R.N. Brothers & P.M. Black (1986)- Regional eclogite facies in the high pressure metamorphic belt of New Caledonia. Geol. Soc. America Mem. 164, p. 407-423. Yoneshima, S., K. Mochizuki, E. Araki. R. Hino, M. Shinohara & K. Suyehiro (2005)- Subduction of the Woodlark Basin at New Britain Trench, Solomon Islands region.Tectonophysics 397, p. 225-239. (Woodlark Basin, S of Solomon Islands arc young (~5 Ma) oceanic basin subducting under New Britain Trench. Image of subducting slab at W side of basin from micro-seismicity, which is concentrated at 10-60 km depth along plate boundary. Dip angle of plate 30°))


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X. PALEONTOLOGY, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY (Many additional biostratigraphy papers are listed under areas, if limited to single area) X.1. Quaternary, General Adisaputra, M.K. (1985)- Paleontological analyses of the Savu and Lombok basins and Argo abyssal plain. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p.205-221. Adisaputra, M.K. (1988)- Late Quatenary calcareous nannoplankton in the surface sediment of Makasar and Flores basin, Indonesia. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. Indonesia 3, 1, p.25-36. Adisaputra, M.K. (1989)- Planktonic foraminifera in recent bottom sediments of the Flores, Lombok and Savu Basins, eastern Indonesia. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 4, p. 465-475. (Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages differ between Flores, Lombok and Savu Basins. In Flores Basin Ng. dutertrei is dominant followed by Gr. menardii, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Hastigerina siphonifera and Globigerina bulloides. Lombok and Savu Basins dominated by Gr. menardii, with Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Gs. ruber and Gr. tumida) Adisaputra, M.K. (1992)- Late Neogene planktonic foraminifera of the Makasar Basin. Bull. Marine Geol. Inst. 7, 1, p. 15-21. (Abundant planktonic foraminifera in Makassar Straits bottom samples between 42- 2300m, collected during Snellius II expedition. Globigerinoides ruber dominant in North, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei in S part) Adisaputra, M.K. (1997)- Foraminifera sedimen permukaa perairan Selat Bangka-Belitung. J. Geologi Sumberdaya Min. (Bandung) 7, 70, p. 1- 10. ('Foraminifera from seafloor sediments of the Bangka- Belitung Straits') Adisaputra, M.K. (1998)- Schlumbergerella floresiana accumulation in coastal zone of Bali and Nusatenggara, Indonesia: implementation for tourism. Proc. 33rd Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Programmes E and SE Asia (CCOP), Shanghai 1996, p. 310-316. ('White sands' along coasts of E Bali, W Lombok, N Sumbawa and S Flores composed mainly of rounded foraminifera Schlumbergerella floresiana (formerly also called Tinoporus, Baculogypsina, Baculogypsinoides; HvG). Forams derived from adjacent coral reefs) Adisaputra, M.K. (1998)- Foraminifera bentos pantai Senggigi, Lombok Barat dan asosiasinya; faktor penunjang pariwisata. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 53-65. ('Benthic foraminifera of Senggigi Beach, W Lombok, and its associations, etc.') Adisaputra, M.K. (2000)- Recent foraminifera on the coast and offshore of East Lombok, Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 36th Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Hanoi 1999, p. 181-200. (Benthic foraminifera from East Lombok coast and Alas strait shallow waters down to 90m. In N and central parts Amphistegina lessonii dominant and associated with Calcarina. In S Asterorotalia ('Rotalinoides') gaimardii dominant, still with Amphistegina. Beach samples in N with common Schlubergerella and Baculogypsinoides, derived from coral reef. Planktonic foraminifera rare) Adisaputra, M.K. & D. Rostyati (2000)- Recorded Recent foraminifera in the surface sediment of Sunda Strait water. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 4, p. 117-132. (Foraminifera from 12 seafloor samples in Sunda Straits and adjacent Indian Ocean between 52- 2180m. Rel. common planktonic foram species Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, possibly related to rel. low salinity) Anderson, J.A.R. & J. Muller (1975)- Palynological study of a Holocene peat and a Miocene coal deposit from NW Borneo. Rev. Paleobot. Palynology 19, p. 291-351. (Palynology study of Holocene raised peat bog near Marudi (Sarawak) and Miocene coal near Berakas (Brunei) and compared with present-day swamp vegetation along NW Borneo coast. 76 pollen and spore types Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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were recognized. Floristic composition of mixed swamp forest stage in both bogs closely comparable. Only one spore type, Stenochlaena areolaris became extinct in Borneo) Barbin, V., J.C. Cailliez & D. Decrouez (1987)- Sable a Schlumbergerella floresiana (foraminifere) et Conus mobilis skinneri (gasteropode) de Kesuma Sari (SSE Bali, Indonesie). Revue Paleobiol. 6, 1, p. 159-164. (Sands composed of Schlumbergerella floresiana large globular forams and Conus gastropods in SE Bali) Barker, R.W. (1960)- Taxonomic notes on the species figured by H.B Brady in his report on the foraminifera dredged by the H.M.S. ‘Challenger’ during the years 1873-1876. Spec. Publ. SEPM 9, p. 1-238. (Useful taxonomic revision of beautifully illustrated modern deep water foraminifera of Brady) Barmawidjaja, D.M. (1993)- Holosen bentos foraminifera dan sebaran mikrohabitat di Teluk Kau. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1114 - 1129. ('Holocene benthic foraminifera and microhabitat distribution of Kau Bay') Barmawidjaja, D.M, (1994)- Pengaruh lingkungan terhadap sebaran foraminifera plangton di Teluk Kau, Halmahera. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 173-183. ('Influence of environment on planktonic foraminifera distribution in Kau Bay, Halmahera') Barmawidjaja, D.M., R. Kapid & B. Dwiyanto (1996)- Environmental factors controlling the distribution of benthonic foraminifera of Jakarta Bay. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1-15. Biekart, J.W. (1989)-. The distribution of calcareous nannoplankton in Late Quaternary sediments collected by the Snellius-II Expedition in some southeast Indonesian basins. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., B 92, p. 77-141. Biekart, J.W. (1989)- Coccolithophores in the Upper Quaternary of some Indonesian basins. In: Proc. Snellius II Symposium, Jakarta 1987, Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 4, p. 523-530. Brady, H.B. (1880)- Report on the Ostracoda dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during 1873-1876. Rept. Zool. 1, 3, p. 1-184. Brady, H.B. (1884)- Reports on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. ‘Challenger’ during the years 1873-1876. Challenger Repts. Zool. 9, 814 p. (Historic description of foraminifera from deep waters of SE Asia. For revisions of taxonomy see also Barker 1960 and Jones 1994) Bronnimann, P. & A.J. Keij (1986)- Agglutinated foraminifera (Lituolacea and Trochamminacea) from brackish waters of the state of Brunei and of Sabah, Malaysia, Northwest Borneo. Rev. Paleobiol. 5, 1, p. 11-31. Bronnimann, P., J.E. Whittaker & L. Zaninetti (1992)- Brackish water foraminifera from mangrove sediments of southwestern Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, Southwest Pacific. Revue Paleobiol., Geneve, 11, p. 13-65. Bronnimann, P. & J.E. Whittaker (1993)- Taxonomic revision of some Recent agglutinated foraminifera from the Malay Archipelago, in the Millett Collection, the Natural Museum of History, London. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.), London 59, 2, p. 107-124. Burke, S.C. (1981)- Recent benthonic foraminifera of the Ontong Java Plateau. J. Foram. Res. 11, p. 1-19. Burke, S.C., W.H. Berger, W.T. Coulbourn & E. Vincent (1993)- Benthic foraminifera in box core ERDC 112, Ontong Java Plateau. J. Foram. Res. 23, p. 19-39. Carbonel, P. & T. Hoibian (1988)- The impact of organic matter on ostracodes from an equatorial deltaic area, the Mahakam Delta- Southeastern Kalimantan. In: T. Hanai (eds.) Evolutionary biology of ostracoda, its fundamentals and applications. Developments in palaeontology and stratigraphy 11, Elsevier, p. 353-366.


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Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1991)- Pleistocene to Holocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Coral Sea offshore Queensland, Australia. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 12, 3, p. 195-221. Chen, C. W., K. Y. Wei, H. S. Mii & T. N. Yang (2008)- A Late Quaternary planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotope record of the Banda Sea: chronostratigraphy, orbital forcing, and paleoceanographic implications. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. 19, p. 331-339. Cole, A.R., P.T. Harris & J.B. Keene (1995)- Foraminifers as facies indicators in a tropical macrotidal environment; Torres Strait-Fly River delta, Papua New Guinea. In: B.W. Flemming & A. Bartholomae (eds.) Tidal signatures in modern and ancient sediments, Int. Assoc. Sediment., Spec. Publ. 24, p. 213-223. Collen, J.D. & D.W. Garton (2004)- Larger foraminifera and sedimentation around Fongafale Island, Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu. Coral Reefs 23, 3, p. 445-454. (Larger foraminifera common around Fongafale Island, Tuvalu. In shallow lagoon dominantly larger foraminifera (Amphistegina lessonii, A. lobifera, Baculogypsina sphaerulata, Calcarina spengleri, Marginopora vertebralis, Sorites marginalis). In deeper water, Halimeda replaces foraminifera) Collins, A.C. (1958)- Foraminifera. In: Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29, Scient. Repts., British Museum (Natural History), London, 6, 6, p. 335-437. Cushman, J.A. (1921)- Foraminifera of the Philippine and adjacent seas. US Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, 4, 589p. Cushman, J.A. (1924)- Samoan foraminifera. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington 342, 21, p. 1-75. Cushman, J.A. (1932)- The foraminifera of the Tropical Pacific collections of the Albatross, 1899-1900, Part 1Astrorhizidae to Trochamminidae. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, p. 1-84. (online at: http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/10059/1/USNMB_16111932_unit.pdf) (Part 1 of descriptions of Recent foraminifera in deep water samples from around Equatorial Pacific islands) Cushman, J.A. (1933)- The foraminifera of the Tropical Pacific collections of the Albatross, 1899-1900, Part 2: Lagenidae to Alveolinellidae. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, p. 1-79. (online at: http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/10058/1/USNMB_16121933_unit.pdf) Cushman, J.A. (1942)- The foraminifera of the Tropical Pacific collections of the Albatross, 1899-1900, Part 3Heterolicidae and Buliminidae. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, p. 1-67. (online at: http://si-pddr.si.edu/jspui/bitstream/10088/10057/1/USNMB_16131942_unit.pdf) Cushman, J.A. & R. Todd (1965)- The foraminifera of the Tropical Pacific collections of the Albatross, 18991900, Part 4- Rotaliform families and planktonic families. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, p. 1-67. Cushman, J.A., R. Todd & R.J. Post (1954)- Recent foraminifera of the Marshall Islands-Bikini and nearby atolls, oceanography (biologic). U.S. Geol. Survey Prof Paper 260, p. 319-384. Dalby, A.P., A. Kumar, J.M. Moore & R.T. Patterson (2000)- Preliminary survey of arcellaceans (Thecamoebians) as limnological indicators in tropical Lake Sentani, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. J. Foram. Res. 30, p. 135-142. (On low diversity fresh water Thecamoebian assemblage in Lake Sentani, NE Papua) Debenay, J.P. & G. Cabioch (2007)- Recent and Quaternary foraminifera collected around New Caledonia. In: Compendium of marine species of New Caledonia, Doc. Sci. Techn II-7, Inst. Rech. Dev., Noumea, p. 69-94. (Online: www.ird.nc/biodec/downloads/Compendium/Version%20v%E9rrouill%E9e/Debenay-Cabioch-v.pdf) (Listing and some illustrations of modern forams around New Caledonia)


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Debenay, J.P. & C.E. Payri (2007)- Epiphytic foraminiferal assemblages on macroalgae in reefal environments of New Caledonia. J. Foram. Res. 40, 1, p. 36-60. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/40/1/36.full.pdf) (152 species of epiphytic foraminifera identified) Dewi, K.T. (1997)- Ostracoda from the Java Sea, West of Bawean Island, Indonesia. Marine Geol. Inst., Spec. Publ. 4, p.1-86 (also Masters Thesis, University of Wollongong, Australia) Dewi, K.T. (2000)- Distribution of ostracoda from South of Tanjung Selatan, South Kalimantan. Bull. Marine Geol. 15, 1, p. 1-14. Dewi, K.T., P.Frenzel & A. Muller (2008)- Mikrofauna (ostracoda) di sekitar paparan Sahul dan Laut Banda dalam kaitannya dengan batimetri. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 127-138. (Study of recent ostracods distribution in Snellius II samples along transects from Timor, Tanimbar, Seram into Banda Sea down to 3070m. Highest number of ostracods between 100-210 m water depth, with Bairdopillata, Neonesidea, Paranesidea, Paracytheridea, Hemiparacytheridea, Foveoleberis, Polycope, and Loxoconcha) Dewi, K.T. & D. Illahude (2005)- Ostracoda from off Derawan island, East Kalimantan (LP-1815) in relation to bathymetric zonation. Bull. Marine Geol. 20, 1, p. 1-14. Dewi, K.T., A. Muller, P. Frenzel, L. Auliaherliaty & L. Gustiantini (2003)- Do Quaternary ostracods reflect sea level changes in the Timor Sea? Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geologists (IAGI) and 28th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Jakarta, 11 p. (Samples from E of Timor in water depth 1768m show several small ostracod diversity peaks. Peaks of deepsea taxa like Krithe, Bradleya, Cytheropteron, Acantocythereis and Ambocythere related to changes in paleoproductivity. Other peak with mixed shallow-water (Paracytheridea, Quadracythere, Loxocorniculum, Neonesidea) and deep-sea taxa suggest downslope transport of sediments, possibly regressive events) Dewi, K.T., A. Muller, P. Frenzel & D. van Harten (2005)- Recent ostracoda (microcrustacea) from a Banda-toTimor Sea traverse: implications for paleobathymetric studies. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung 2004, 1, p. 1- 14, Dewi, K.T., Y.A. Prihandono & H.H. Prabowo (2000)- Ostracoda perairan Utara P. Kangean: kaitannya dengan transpor sedimen. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 4, p. 109-116. ('Ostracodes from waters North of Kangean Island; relations to sediment transport'. 30 sediment samples with 30 species, dominated by Bairdopillata, Cytherella, Foveoleberis) Ding, X., F. Bassinot, F. Guichard, Q.Y. Li, N.Q. Fang, L. Labeyrie, R.C. Xin, M.K. Adisaputra & K. Hardjawidjaksana (2006)- Distribution and ecology of planktonic foraminifera from the seas around the Indonesian Archipelago. Marine Micropal. 58, p. 114-134. (Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages five provinces: (I) Banda/Java region; (II) Timor region; (III) Java upwelling region; (IV) Indian monsoon Sumatra region, and (V) NW Australia margin region. Assemblages reflect sea-surface temperature, salinity, thermocline depth, and nutrient supply, related to circulation patterns. Strongest dissolution in Java upwelling region, with lysocline rising above 2800m. Increase in Globigerina bulloides at 10-8 ka BP in Java upwelling region corresponds to decrease in Banda/Java region, indicating intensification of upwelling in relation to strengthened SE monsoon) Dhillon, D.S. (1968)- Notes on the foraminiferal sediments from the Lupar and Labuk estuaries, East Malaysia. Geol. Survey of Malaysia, Borneo Region, Bull. 9, p. 56-73. Frerichs, W.E. (1970)- Distribution and ecology of benthonic foraminifera in the sediments of the Andaman Sea. Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res. 21, p. 123-147. Frerichs, W.E. (1971)- Planktonic foraminifera in the sediments of the Andaman Sea. J. Foram. Res. 1, p. 1-14.


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(Distribution of Recent planktonic foraminifera in sediments of Andaman Sea controlled by surface salinity, water depth, diagenesis and topography. Large volumes of fresh water in N Andaman Sea result in lowering of surface salinity and exclusion of planktonic forams. Depth zonation: Sphaeroidinella and some Globorotalia species indicative of bathyal depths) Fujita, K., Y. Osawa, H. Kayanne, Y. Ide & H. Yamano (2009)- Distribution and sediment production of large benthic foraminifers on reef flats of the Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands. Coral Reefs 28, p. 29-45. (Estimates of sediment production by Large Benthic Forams, mainly Calcarina and Amphistegina, on reef flats of Pacific atolls. Both live attached to seagrass/algae and most abundant on ocean reef flat (ORF) and in interisland channel near windward, sparsely populated islands. Calcarina density higher on windward sides) Gastaldo, R.A., W. Feng & J.R. Staub (1996)- Palynofacies patterns in channel deposits of the Rajang River and delta, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Palaios 11, 3, p. 266-279. (Three organic matter facies assemblages in Rajang River delta sediments) Gastaldo, R.A. & J.R. Staub (1997)- Water column and grab sample palynofacies assemblages from the Rajang River delta, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Palynology 21, p. 145-172. Glenn, E.C. (1989)- Foraminifera and associated sedimentary constituents in Holocene and Miocene reefs of the Philippines and Indonesia. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Houston, 665p. (Unpublished) Glenn, E.C., J.W. McManus, L. Talaue, P. Alino & V. Banzon (1981)- Distribution of live foraminifers on a portion of Apo Reef, Mindoro, Philippines: Proc. 4th Coral Reef Symposium, 2, p. 775-780. Glenn-Sullivan, E.C. & I. Evans (2001)- The effects of time-averaging and taphonomy on the identification of reefal sub-environments using larger foraminifera: Apo Reef, Mindoro, Philippines. Palaios 16, 4, p. 399-408. (At small, isolated Apo Reef foraminifera ~40% of sediment. Comparisons of live and dead assemblages show time-averaged assemblages, the product of taphonomic processes, more effective in delineating reefal subenvironments than do live assemblages. Robust calcarinids are in shallow seaward zones; free-living miliolids and small rotaliines in leeward zones. Planktonics and large thin rotaliines in fore reef) Gremmen W.H.E. (1989)- Palynological investigations in the Danau Tempe Depression, Southwest Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia. Modern Quaternary Research in SE Asia, Balkema, Rotterdam, 11, p. 123-134. Gustiantini, L., K.T. Dewi, A. Muller & Praptisih (2003)- The benthic foraminifera Ammonia beccarii as indicator of estuarine environments in Indonesia (Segara Anakan lagoon and southern Gombong, Java). Proc. 32nd Ann. Conv. IAGI and 28th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Jakarta, 11p. (Fossil estuarine deposits often with common Ammonia beccarii, abundance is low in modern Segara Anakan lagoon N of Nusakambangan, S Java,) Haig, D.W. (1988)- Distribution of miliolid foraminifera in marine sediments around Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Gunea 14, p. 54-94. Haig, D.W. (1988)- Miliolid foraminifera from inner neritic sand and mud facies of the Papuan lagoon, New Guinea. J. Foram. Res. 18, 3, p. 203-236. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/18/3/203.full.pdf) (101 species of miliolids from five physiographic settings in Papuan Lagoon, SE coast of PNG. Miliolids generally 10-40% of total foram assemblage, which is dominated by rotaliids) Haig, D.W. (1993)- Buliminid foraminifera from inner neritic sand and mud facies of the Papuan Lagoon, New Guinea. J. Foram. Res. 23, 3, p. 162-179. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/23/3/162.full.pdf) (60 small buliminid-bolivinid-uvigerinid species from in 0-50m water depth in lagoon behind Papuan barrier reef, SE coast of PNG)


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Haig, D.W. (1997)- Foraminifera from Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia. J. Royal Soc. West. Australia 80, p. 263-280. (Recent foraminifera from 5-30m water depth at Exmouth Gulf: 236 benthic and 6 planktonic species) Haig, D.W. & S. Burgin (1982)- Brackish-water foraminiferids from the Purari River delta, Papua New Guinea. Rev. Esp. Micropaleontol. 14, p. 359-366. Hallock, P. (1981)- Production of carbonate sediments by selected large benthic foraminifera on two Pacific coral reefs. J. Sedim. Res. 51, p. (Carbonate production rates by foram families Asterigerinidae, Calcarinidae, and Nummulitidae in Palau, W Caroline Islands: seaward reef flats up to 2.8 kg CaCO3/m2/yr, equivalent to deposition of almost 1 mm/yr. Productivity on lagoonal reef slopes about one-fifth. In Hawaii, production rates much lower because of slower growth rates and absence of family Calcarinidae) Hallock, P. (1984)- Distribution of selected species of living algal symbiont-bearing foraminifera on two Pacific coral reefs. J. Foram. Res. 14, p. 250-261. Hallock, P. (1999)- Symbiont-bearing foraminifera. In: B.K. Sen Gupta (ed.) Modern Foraminifera, Kluwer, Amsterdam , p. 123-149. Hallock, P. & E.C. Glenn (1985)- Numerical analysis of foraminiferal assemblages: a tool for recognizing depositional facies in Lower Miocene reef complexes. J. Paleont. 59, 6, p. 1382-1394. (late Early Miocene larger foram facies assemblages in wells Matinloc 2 and Libro 1, off NW Palawan, Philippines. Assigned to zone Te5, but more likely Lower Tf?; associated with N8 planktonic forams) Hanai, T., N. Ikeya & M. Yajima (1980)- Checklist of Ostracoda from Southeast Asia. University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bull. 17, p. (online at: http://www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/publish_db/Bulletin/no17/no17000.html) (Review of Recent and fossil ostracodes reported from SE Asia) Hanzawa, S. (1951)- Recent and fossil Cycloclypeus from the Ryukyu Islands and their adjacent seas. Short Pap. Inst. Geol. Paleont. Tohoku Univ., Sendai, 3, p. 1-12. (14 samples with Recent Cycloclypeus from off Ryukyu Islands from 87-133m water depth, one from 235m) Hardy, M.J. & J.H. Wrenn (2009)- Palynomorph distribution in modern tropical deltaic and shelf sedimentsMahakam Delta, Borneo, Indonesia. Palynology 34, p. 19-42. (Distribution of terrestrial palynomorphs in Mahakam Delta surface sediments from 12 depositional environments from head of delta to shelf edge can be explained by transport and depositional processes. Amounts of marine palynomorphs (foram linings, copepod eggs, dinocysts) increases gradually offshore) Harting, P. (1863)- Bijdrage tot de kennis der mikroskopische fauna en flora van de Banda-Zee. Verhand. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 10, p. 1-34. (‘Contribution to the knowledge of the microscopic fauna and flora from the Banda Sea’ Early report on foraminifera, radiolaria, etc. from Recent deep Banda Sea sediment samples between 1200-4000 fathoms) Haseldonckx, P. (1974)- A palynological interpretation of palaeo-environments in S.E. Asia. Sains Malaysiana 3, 2, p. 119-127. Haseldonckx, P. (1977)- The palynology of a Holocene marginal peat swamp environment in Johore, Malaysia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 24, 5, p. 227-238. (Shallow Holocene peat near Pekan Nanas, Johore, with 47 pollen and spore types. Pollen profile shows succession from open swamp vegetation with mangrove influence to marginal peat swamp facies with river bank vegetation. Radiocarbon dating on deepest peat yielded ~4.9 ka)


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Haseldonckx, P. (1977)- Palynology and its application to Quaternary geology in the Sunda shelf region. Proc. Symposium on Quaternary Geology of the Malay-Indonesian coastal and offshore areas, Kuala Lumpur, 1976, United Nations ESCAP CCOP Techn. Publ. 5, p. 33-53. (Brief, general overview of pollen and spores, processing and application in determination of paleoenvironments. ‘Palynology in SE Asia still at early stage of development’) Haslett, S.K. (2001)- The palaeoenvironmental implications of the distribution of intertidal foraminifera in a tropical Australian estuary: a reconnaissance study. Australian Geogr. Studies 39, p. 67-74. (Modern intertidal foraminifera in mangrove-lined microtidal distributary channel of Barron River Delta (Queensland): (1) saltmarsh: monospecific Trochammina inflata assemblage; (2) regularly inundated tidal flat: dominated by Ammonia beccarii; (3a) high tidal flat: >70% Ammonia beccarii and low diversity, and (3b) low tidal flat: 55-65% Ammonia beccarii and diverse small allochthonous species transported into estuary from shelf) Hillen, R. (1986)- Palynology as a tool in delineating tropical lowland depositional environments of Late Quaternary age. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 495-504 (Samples from Lower Perak and Kelantan lowlands (Malay Peninsula) allowed palynological characterizaton of environments:shallow offshore, deltaic/ esturine, mangrove, fresh water swamp, peat swamp Hofker, J. (1927)- The foraminifera from the Siboga expedition, I. Families Tinoporidae, Rotaliidae, Nummulitidae, Amphisteginidae. Siboga Expedition 1899-1900, Mon. 4, 1, E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 1-78. (Modern foraminifera in seafloor samples collected by Siboga Expedition in Indonesia) Hofker, J. (1930)- The foraminifera of the Siboga Expedition, Siboga Expedition, Mon. IV, p. 79-170. Hofker, J (1951)- The Foraminifera of the Siboga Expedition. Part III. Ordo Dentata, Sub-Ordines Protoforaminata, Biforaminata, Deuteroforaminata. Siboga Expeditie IVa, Brill, Leiden, 513p. Hofker, J. (1968)- Foraminifera from the Bay of Jakarta, Java. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 37, p. 11-59. (Rel. low diversity recent foraminifera assemblages in shallow marine Jakarta Bay, dominated by Pseudoratalia schroeteriana, Asterorotalia pulchella, Elphidium batavum, Operculina complanata, Quinqueloculina. Highest diversity in NW part of bay. Pseudorotia most common in muddy substrates in SE, Baculogypsinoides and miliolids mainly in NW, away from delta muds) Hofker, J. (1978)- Biological results of the Snellius Expedition XXX. The foraminifera collected in 1929 and 1930 in the eastern part of the Indonesian Archipelago: Zool. Verhand., Rijksmuseum Natuurlijke Historie Leiden 161, p. 1-69. Hohenegger, J. (1994)- Distribution of living larger foraminifera NW of Sesoko-Jima, Okinawa, Japan. Marine Ecol. 15, p. 291-334. (Living larger foraminifer restricted to photic zone. Peneroplids in shallow-water from intertidal (common Peneroplis) to 40 m (Dendritina, sandy substrates). Soritids subtidal, from reef moat down to 60 m. Amphisorus and Marginopora common down to 30 m, Parasorites in deeper parts of reef slope. Alveolinella in upper 40 m of reef slope. Amphisteginids in entire photic zone, with test flattening with increasing depth. Calcarinids cling to firm substrates. Baculogypsina restricted to high energy reef flat regions. Calcarina similar facies, extending to fore reefs down to 80 m. Baculogypsinoides dominant calcarinid genus from 30 -70 m depth. Heterostegina prefers hard substrates on reef slope. Operculina frequent in deeper part, independent of substrates. Sandy bottoms from 30- 60 m are inhabited by Nummulites (Operculina) venosus. Cycloclypeus restricted to fore reef areas below 50 m down to base of photic zone) Hohenegger, J. (1995)- Depth estimation by proportions of living larger foraminifera. Marine Micropal. 26, p. 31-47.


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Hohenegger, J. (1999)- Larger foraminifera-microscopical greenhouses indicating shallow-water tropical and subtropical environments in the present and past. Occas. Papers, Kagoshima Univ. Res. Cent. Pacific Isl., 32, p. 19-45. Hohenegger, J. (2004)- Depth coenoclines and environmental considerations of Western Pacific larger foraminifera. J. Foram. Res. 34, p. 9-33. (Good overview of depth distribution modern larger benthic forams in W Pacific) Hohenegger J. (2005)- Estimation of environmental paleogradient values based on presence/absence data: a case study using benthic foraminifera for paleodepth estimation. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 17, p. 115-130. Hohenegger J. (2006)- The importance of symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera for West Pacific carbonate beach environments. Marine Micropal. 61, p. 4-39. Hohenegger J. (2006)- Morphocoenoclines, character combination, and environmental gradients: a case study using symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera. Paleobiology 32, 1, p. 70-99. Hohenegger J. & E. Yordanova (2001)- Depth-transport functions and erosion-deposition diagrams as indicators of slope inclination and time-averaged traction forces: applications in tropical reef environments. Sedimentology 48, p. 1025-1046. Hohenegger J. & E. Yordanova (2001)- Displacement of larger foraminifera at the western slope of Motobu Peninsula (Okinawa, Japan). Palaios 16, p. 53-72. Hohenegger J., E. Yordanova & A. Hatta (2000)- Remarks on West Pacific Nummulitidae (Foraminifera). J. Foram. Res. 30, p. 3-28. (Operculina, Planostegina, Cycloclypeus and Heterostegina from W Pacific. Heterostegina depressa broad range in light intensities and is protected against irradiation by thick tests and cryptic life mode near surface. Test construction enables life under strong hydrodynamic regimes. Lives firmly attached to hard substrates, thus counteracting transportation by water movement. Nummulites venosus lives exclusively on coarse sand and avoids high sediment movement, starting distribution beneath fair weather wave base. Cycloclypeus carpenteri easily transported due to thin, plate-like form. Upper distribution limit correlates with storm wave base, below 50 m. Lower distribution limit depends on light intensity and is near base photic zone) Hohenegger J., E.K. Yordanova, Y. Nakano & F.Tatzreiter (1999)- Habitats of larger foraminifera on the upper reef slope of Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan. Mar. Micropal. 36, p. 109-168. (Peneroplis common on reef flat, hardgrounds down to 30 m. Dendritina on sandy bottoms avoids uppermost slope, found down to 50 m. Alveolinella similar distribution, common on hard bottom. Parasorites restricted to sandy substrates, 20-80 m. Sorites and Amphisorus firm substrates between reef edge and 50 m. Amphistegina species prefer hardgrounds, A. radiata also common on sand. Calcarinids withstand high energy, abundant on firm substrates close to reef edge. Baculogypsinoides deeper slope, sandy bottom, avoids shallowest parts. Hard substrates settled by Heterostegina down to 80 m, occasionally on sandy bottoms. Nummulites on sands between 20- 70 m. Operculina, starting at 20 m, sandy substrates, rare individuals on rubble) Ho Kiam Fui (1971)- Distribution of recent benthonic foraminifera in the “inner” Brunei Bay. The Brunei Mus. J. 2, 3, p. 124-137. (Three foraminifera assemblage in nearly landlocked Brunei Bay: (1) Trochammina cf. lobata and other small arenacous species (tidal inlets); (2) Ammobaculites (large part of inner bay); (3) Asterorotalia trispinosa with Ammonia, Elphidium, Florilus (seaward part of inner bay)) Horton, B.P., S.J. Culver, M.I.J. Hardbattle, P. Larcombe, G.A. Milne et al. (2007)- Reconstructing Holocene sea-level change for the central Great Barrier reef (Australia) using subtidal foraminifera. J. Foram. Res. 37, 4, p. 47-63.


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(Samples behind barrier reef with water depths from 4.2- 48 m. Two foraminiferal zones: inner shelf with Elphidium hispidulum, Pararotalia venusta, Planispirinella exigua, Quinqueloculina venusta and Triloculina oblonga; and middle shelf dominated by Amphistegina lessonii, Dendritina striata and Operculina complanata) Horton, B.P., P. Larcombe, S.A. Woodroffe, J.E. Whittaker, M.R. Wright & C. Wynn (2003)- Contemporary foraminiferal distributions of a mangrove environment, Great Barrier Reef coastline, Australia: implications for sea-level reconstructions. Marine Geol. 198, p. 225-243. (Modern foraminifera and associated environmental information from Cocoa Creek, a mesotidal fringing mangrove environment on Great Barrier Reef. Three elevational zones. Zones I (highest) and II dominated by agglutinated species Trochammina inflata and Miliammina fusca, respectively; and Zone III (lowest) dominated by calcareous species, notably Ammonia tepida and Elphidium discoidale multiloculum. These assemblage zones similar to those found in both tropical and temperate intertidal environments) Horton, B.P., J.E. Whittaker, K.H. Thomson, M.I.J. Hardbattle, S.A. Woodroffe & M.R. Wright (2005)- The development of a modern foraminiferal data set for sea-level recontructions, Wakatobi Marine National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Foraminiferal Res. 35, 1, p. 1-14. (Intertidal foraminifera from Tukang-Besi islands. Agglutinated species like Arenoparella mexicana, Miliammina fusca and Trochammina inflata most common at landward margin, and small calcareous species Ammonia tepida, Elphidium advanum and Quinqueloculina dominant at seaward margin of mangrove belt) Horton, B.P., Y. Zong, C. Hillier & S. Engelhart (2007)- Diatoms from Indonesian mangroves and their suitability as sea-level indicators for tropical environments. Marine Micropal. 63, p. 155-168. (Modern diatoms from mangrove swamps of Tukang Besi islands collected for environment reconstructions in tropical environments. Mixed mesohalobous, oligohalobous-halophilous and oligohalobous-indifferent diatoms in mangrove vegetation, mesohalobous assemblages in fringing Rhizophora and tidal flat environments) Howe, H.V. & K.G. McKenzie (1989)- Recent marine ostracoda (Crustacea) from Darwin and North Western Australia. Northern Territory Mus. Arts Sciences, Mon. Ser. 3, p. 1-50. Hughes, G.W. (1977)- Recent foraminifera from the Honiara Bay area, Solomon Islands. J. Foram. Res. 7, p. 45-57. Hughes, G.W. (1984)- Recent foraminifera and selected biometrics of Heterostegina from Ontong Java Atoll, Solomon Islands, Southwest Pacific. J. Foram. Res. 15, p. 13-17. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/15/1/13.full.pdf) (56 species of foraminifera in Halimeda gravels from Ontong Java Atoll lagoon between 31-38 m water depth. Amphistegina lessoni and Heterostegina depressa two most common species in all samples) Hughes, G.W. (1988)- Modern bathyal agglutinating foraminifera from the Vella Gulf and Blanche Channel, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, Southwest Pacific. J. Foram. Res. 18, p. 304-310. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/18/4/304.full.pdf) (Diverse agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of 39 species between 510- 1,225m water depth off Solomon Islands. Below ~600m Bathysiphon, Ammodiscus, Martinottiella, Karreriella appear. Increase in abundance and diversity between 865-1,070m associated with regional oxygen-maximum zone between 450 m and 750 m and a salinity-minimum zone below 800 m) Hustedt, F. (1938)- Systematische und okologische Untersuchungen uber die Diatomeen-Flora von Java, Bali und Sumatra nach dem Material der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. 1: Systematischer. Arch. Hydrobiol., Suppl. Band 15, p. 1-790. (Reprinted 1980 by Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Konigstein) ('Systematic and ecological investigations of the diatom floras of Java, Bali and Sumatra…') Isnaniawardhani, V. (2009)- Environmental control of nannoplankton and foraminifera assemblages in Madura waters. Bull. Marine Geol. 24, 1, p. 1-12. (online at: http://isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id/admin/jurnal/24109112.pdf)


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(Distribution of nannoplankton and foraminifera in 26 shallow marine surface sediment samples from Madura Strait and 24 samples from open marine water N of Madura) Isnaniawardhani, V., E. Suparka, R. Kapid & H. Latief (2003)- Nannoplankton and foraminifera assemblages and their relations to bathymetry in Madura waters. In: Eighth Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Chiang Mai 2003, p. Jell, J. S., W.H.G. Maxwell & R.G. McKellar (1965)- The significance of the larger foraminifera in the Heron Island reef sediments. J. Paleont. 39, p. 273-279. Jian Z., L. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H. Lin & P. Wang (1999)- Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geol. 156, 1, p. 159-186. Jones, R.W. (1994)- The Challenger Foraminifera. Oxford University Press, 149 p. (Updated taxonomy and reproductions of foraminifera from H.B. Brady (1884) Challenger report) Karmini AS, M. (1996)- Foraminifera sedimen permukaan perairan Teluk Semangko & Lepas Pantai sebelah Barat Sumatra Selatan. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 71-87. ('Foraminifera in seafloor sediments of Semangko Bay and Lepas beach, S Sumatra') Kathal, P.K. (2002)- Taxonomy, distribution patterns and ecology of Recent littoral foraminifera of the East coast of India. N. Jahrb. Geol. Palaont. Abhandl. 224, 1, p. 115-160. (Foram distributions in 96 samples of coastal sediments down to 3m depth along E coast India. Faunas dominated by Miliolidae, followed by Rotaliidae, Elphididae, Nonionidae,Cassidulinidae, etc.)) Kawamura, H. (2002)- Marine palynological records in the southern South China Sea over the last 44 kyr. Doctor Diss. Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, 145p. (online at at http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/…) (Mainly on Recent and Quaternary dinoflagellates in Molengraaf paleo-river area of N Sunda Shelf) Keij, A.J. (1953)- Preliminary note on the Recent Ostracoda of the Snellius Expedition. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B 56, 2, p. 155-168. Keij, A.J. (1963)- The relative abundance of recent planktonic foraminifera in seabed samples collected offshore Brunei and Sabah. Ann. Rept. Malaysia Geological Survey 1963, p. 146-153. (Percentages of planktonic foraminifera in 561 seafloor samples from narrow Brunei and Sabah shelf between 4-113m increase with depth: rare between 0-20m, <5% between 20-40m, 5-40 % between 40-100m, up to 80% between 100-200m. Distinct increases in relative abundance of Orbulina, Pulleniatina, Globorotalia menardii below 40-50m. Globorotalia truncatulinides, Gr. crassaformis and Sphaeroidinella dehiscens only below 100m) Keij, A.J. (1966)- Southeast Asian Neogene and Recent species of Paijenborchella. Micropaleontology 12, 3, p. 324-354. (Discussion of distribution of 4 species of Miocene- Recent ostracode genus Paijenborchella in Brunei, CebuPhilippines, etc.) Keij, A.J. (1975)- Some recent Ostracoda of Manila (Philippines). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet. B 78, p. 351363. Keij, A.J. (1979)- Review of the Indo-West Pacific Neogene to Holocene ostracode genus Atjehella. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet. B 82, p. 449-464, Keijzer, C.J. (1935)- On variability in East Indian foraminifera. Doct. Thesis Univ. Leiden, Brill, 79 p. (Measuremments on selected modern foraminifera species from coasts of Java, Bali, Madura)


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Khare, N., S.K. Chaturvedi & A. Mazumder (2007)- An overview of foraminiferal studies in nearshore regions off eastern coast of India, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indian J. Marine Sci. 36, 4, p. 288-300. (online at: http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/52/1/IJMS%2036(4)%20(2007)%20288-300.pdf) (Review and bibliography of over 100 papers dealing with shallow marine and coastal Recent foraminifera) Koba, M. (1978)- Distribution and environment of Recent Cycloclypeus. Science Repts. Tohuku University, ser. 7, 28, p. 283-311. (online at: http://ir.library.tohoku.ac.jp/re/bitstream/10097/45065/1/AA0045945078466.pdf) (Tropical larger foram Cycloclypeus widely distributed in Recent of Indo-Pacific oceanic region. Common on outer reef slopes, and confined by the 200 m isobath. Not present in pelagic environments, reef banks, lagoons or bays. In Recent samples found between 32-1419m depth, but clear abundance peak around 90m) Lambert, B. (2003)- Micropaleontological investigations in the modern Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan (Indonesia). Carnets de Geologie/Notebooks on Geology, 2003/02, 21p. (online at http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2003_A02_BL) Langer, M.R. (1992)- New Recent foraminiferal genera and species from the lagoon at Madang, Papua New Guinea. J. Micropalaeontology 11, 1, p. 85-93. Langer, M.R. (1995)- Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Recent larger and smaller foraminifera from the Madang Lagoon (Papua New Guinea). Marine Micropal. 26, p. 215-221. (General trend in Recent benthic foraminifera from Madang Lagoon of depletion in heavier C and O isotopes, with depth appears to be depth- and light-dependant) Langer, M.R. & L. Hottinger (2000)- Biogeography of selected 'larger' foraminifera. Micropaleontology 46, Suppl. 1, Advances in the biology of foraminifera, p. 105-126. Langer, M.R. & J.H. Lipps (2003)- Foraminiferal distribution and diversity, Madang reef and lagoon, Papua New Guinea. Coral Reefs 22, p. 143-154. LeRoy, L.W. (1939)- A preliminary study of the microfaunal facies along a traverse across Peper Bay, West coast of Java. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie (IV) 5, 8, p. 130-133. (Recent foraminifera off W Java SW of Labuan three assemblages (1) Haplophragmoides- Haplophragmium, (2) Operculina ozawaia and (3) Dendritina-Aveolinella) Lessard, R.H. (1980)- Distribution patterns of intertidal and shallow water foraminifera of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Cushman Found. Spec. Publ. 19, p. 40-58. Lipps, J.A. & K.P. Severin (1985)- Alveolinella quoyi, a living fusiform foraminifera, at Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 11, p. 126-137. Lobegeier, M.K. (2002)- Benthic foraminifera of the family Calcarinidae from Green Island Reef, Great Barrier Reef Province. J. Foram. Res. 32, 3, p. 201-216. (Three epiphytic calcarinid species on Great Barrier Reef and limited to W Indo-Pacific (absent from Indian Ocean and E of 170°W). Calcarina spengleri (=hispida) dominant and common in shallow water on reef flat. Calcarina mayori smaller and dominates in deeper water off reef flat. Baculogypsina sphaerulata is shallow water high-energy species. Best preserved Calcarina at Green Island Reef in windward shoals) Lessard, R.H. (1980)- Distribution patterns of intertidal and shallow-water foraminifera of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Cushman Foundation Spec. Publ. 19, p. 40-58. Lloyd, A.R. (1973)- Foraminifera of the Great Barrier Reef bores. In: O.A. Jones & R. Endean (eds.) Biology and geology of coral reefs, 1, Academic Press, New York, p. 347-366.


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Loeblich, A.R. & H. Tappan (1994)- Foraminifera of the Sahul Shelf and Timor Sea. Cushman Found. Spec. Publ. 31, p. 1-661. (Recent foraminifera from Timor Trough and Sahul Shelf, collected in 1961. Mainly species descriptions) Maloney, B.K. (1992)- Late Holocene climatic change in Southeast Asia: the palynological evidence and its implications for archaeology. World Archaeology 24, 1, p. 25-34. (Palynological information on SE Asia Holocene from deep sea cores, archeological sites and land cores) Mantle, D.J., A.P. Kelman, R.S. Nicoll & J.R. Laurie (2010)- Australian biozonation chart 2010. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA17280.pdf) (Large chart with Ediacaran- Recent time scale and biozonations) Maryunani, K. Anwar ( 2003)- Calibration of tropical Pacific marine sediment indices (d18O) to sea surface temperature. Bul. Geologi. 35, 1, p. McCloskey, B.J. (2009)- Foraminiferal responses to arsenic in shallow-water hydrothermal system in Papua New Guinea and in the laboratory. Ph.D. Thesis University of South Florida, p. 1-425. (On shallow marine, reef flat foram assemblages around hydrothermal vents in ~8m of water at Ambitle Island, Tutum Bay, E of New Ireland, PNG) Melis, R. & D. Violanti (2006)- Foraminiferal biodiversity and Holocene evolution of the Phetchaburi coastal area (Thailand Gulf). Marine Micropal. 61, p. 94-115. (Study of foraminifera from surface sediments from Phetchaburi coastal area, Thailand Gulf, from margin of vegetated zone, to depth of ~20 m, and core in Mae Khlong delta plain. Area characterized by inflow of Mae Khlong river. Typical low diversity brackish-water faunas. Four assemblages, with salinity fluctuation controlling factor) Miao, Q. & R.C. Thunell (1996)- Recent deep-sea benthic foraminiferal distributions in the South China and Sulu Seas. Marine Micropal. 22, p. 1-32. Miao, Q. & R.C. Thunell (1996)- Late Pleistocene-Holocene distribution of deep-sea benthic foraminifera in the South China Sea and Sulu Sea- palaeoceanographic implications. J. Foram. Res. 26, p. 9-23. Millett, F.W. (1898-1904)- Report on the Recent foraminifera of the Malay Archipelago- I-XVII. J. Royal Microscopical Society,. 248 p. (Reprinted by Antiquariaat Junk, Lochem) (17 papers on foraminifera from sample collected by A. Durrand at 30 stations along transect from N Australia to Malay Peninsula) Montaggioni, L.F. & M.T. Venec-Peyre (1993)- Shallow-water foraminiferal taphocoenoses at Site 821: implications for the Pleistocene evolution of the central Great Barrier Reef shelf, Northeastern Australia. In: J.A. McKenzie et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Driling Program, Sci. Res. 133, p. 365-378. (online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/133_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr133_26.pdf) (Useful overview of foram distribution on and around Great Barrier reef) Morley, R.J., H.P. Morley, A.A.H. Wonders, Sukarno & S. van der Kaars (2004)- Biostratigraphy of modern (Holocene and Late Pleistocene) sediment cores from Makassar Straits. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia and Australasia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 361371. Mostafawi, N. (1992)- Rezente Ostracoden aus dem mittleren Sunda-Schelf, zwischen der Malaiischen Halbinsel und Borneo. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 72, p. 129-168. (‘Recent ostracods from the central Sunda Shelf, between the Malay Peninsula and Borneo’)


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Mostafawi, N., J.P. Colin & J.F. Babinot (2005)- An account on the taxonomy of ostracodes from recent reefal flat deposits in Bali, Indonesia. Rev. Micropal. 48, p. 123-140. Muller, J. (1965)- Palynological study of Holocene peat in Sarawak. In: Symposium on ecological research in humid tropics vegetations, Kuching, Sarawak. UNESCO, p. 147-156. Murphy, S. (1996)- Distribution and ecology of Holocene foraminifera within the Lassa distributary of the Rajang River delta, Sarawak, East Malaysia. MS thesis, Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, 121p. Newsome, J. & J.R. Flenley (1988)- Late Quaternary vegetational history of the Central Highlands of Sumatra. II. Palaeopalynology and vegetational history. J. Biogeography 15, p. 555-578. O'Neill, M. (1986)- Distribution and ecology of Recent foraminifera from Pulau Pari (Pulau Seribu), West Java Sea. p. Oostingh, C.H. (1923)- Recent shells from Java, Part I. Gastropoda. Meded. Landbouwhoogeschool Wageningen 26, 3, Verhand., 174p. Oostingh, C.H. (1931)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna von Sud Sumatra. Archiv Molluskenkunde 63, 4-6, p. 166-255. ('Contributions to the knowledge of the mollusk fauna of S Sumatra'. Listings of recent molluscs from southernmost Sumatra, along Sunda straits) Palmieri, V. (1976)- Modern and relict foraminifera from the central Queensland continental shelf: Queensland Government Mining J. 77, p. 406-423. Panchang, R. & R. Nigam (2012)- High resolution climatic records of the past ~489 years from Central Asia as derived from benthic foraminiferal species, Asterorotalia trispinosa. Marine Geol. 307–310, p. 88-104. (Recent benthic foraminiferal distribution on Ayeyarwaddy Delta Shelf off Myanmar shows Asterorotalia trispinosa has preference for low salinity. Variations in abundance used as proxy for delineation of past wet and dry periods: dry climate prior to 1650 AD and warm and wet climate since 1650 to present) Parker, J.H. (2009)- Taxonomy of foraminifera from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Mem. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont. 36, 810p. Parker, J.H. & E. Gischler (2011)- Modern foraminiferal distribution and diversity in two atolls from the Maldives, Indian Ocean. Marine Micropal. 78, p. 30-49. (Two coral-reef lagoons comprise eight foraminifera assemblages with 270 species. Three assemblages reefal and dominated by Amphistegina and Calcarina. One lagoon assemblage with abundant Ammonia and smaller miliolids. Species diversity in Maldives higher than W Indian Ocean , but not as high as central Indo-Pacific) Pflaumann, U. & Z. Jian (1999)- Modern distribution patterns of planktic foraminifera in the South China Sea and Western Pacific: a new transfer technique to estimate regional sea-surface temperatures. Marine Geol. 156, 1, p. 41-83. Polhaupessy, A.A. (1981)- Quaternary vegetational history of Batujaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Bull. 5, p. 30-36. Post, A.L., L. Sbaffi, V. Passlow & D.C. Collins (2009)- Benthic foraminifera as environmental indicators in Torres Strait- Gulf of Papua. In: B.J. Todd & H.G. Greene (eds.) Mapping the seafloor for habitat characterization, Geol. Assoc. Canada, Spec. Publ. 47, p. 329-348. (Study of benthic forams along transect from Fly River Delta to shelf edge (~140m depth), near N end of Great Barrier Reef. Three areas different benthic foram assemblages. High relict content in surface samples)


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Pudjoarinto, A. (1999)- Palynological evidence for environmental change in Dieng Highland. Indon. J. Geogr. 31, 77-78, p. 11-24. (Palynology of 18m core from small lake in Dieng Plateau, C Java. Montane forest assemblages record climate changes) Rasheed, D.A. (1968)- Distribution of foraminifera in the Coral Sea, South of Papua, New Guinea. Madras Univ. Jour. B37-38, p. 73-80. Rasheed, D.A. (1968)- Some foraminifera belonging to Miliolidae and Opthalmididae from the Coral Sea, south of Papua, New Guinea. Madras Univ. Jour. B37-38, p. 19-68. Rasheed, D.A. (1970)- Some Recent arenaceous foraminifera from the Coral Sea. south of Papua, New Guinea. Madras Univ. Jour. B39-40, p. 41-58. Rasheed, D.A. (1970)- Some recent calcareous foraminifera belonging to the families Peneroplidae. Alveolinellidae, Lagenidae and Polymorphinidae from the coral sea, South of Papua (New Guinea). Madras Univ. Jour. B39-40, p. 77-110. Rasheed D.A. (1970)- Some calcareous foraminifera belonging to the families Rotaiiidae, Cymboloporidae, Anomalinidae, Calcarinidae, Globigerinidae and Bulinidae from the Coral Sea, South of Papua (New Guinea). Madras Univ. Jour. B 39-40, p. 150-201. Rasheed, D.A. (1971)- Some foraminifera belonging to Miliolidae and Ophthalmidiidae from the Coral Sea, South of Papua (New Guinea), Part II. J. Madras University B37-38, p. 150-201. Rathburn, A.E. & B.H. Corliss (1994)- The ecology of living (stained) deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the Sulu Sea. Paleoceanography 9, p. 87-150. Rathburn, A.E., B.H. Corliss, K.D. Tappa & K.C. Lohmann (1996)- Comparisons of the ecology and stable isotopic compositions of living (stained) benthic foraminifera from the Sulu and South China Seas. Deep Sea Res 1, 43, 10, p. 1617-1646. (Significant differences between living deep-sea benthic foraminifera in thermospheric (> 10°C) environments of Sulu Sea and psychrospheric (<10°C) conditions in South China Sea. Gavelinopsis, Bolivinopsis, Astrononion, Osangularia and Ceratobulimina common taxa in South China Sea, but rare in Sulu Sea. Siphonina and Valvulineria dominant genera at certain depths in Sulu Sea, but rare in South China Sea. Differences result from large differences of bottom-water temperatures) Renault-Miskovsky, J. & A.M. Semah (1998)- Palynology of the Quaternary in temperate and ropical areas: chronostratigraphy, palaeoclimatology and vegetal environment of fossil man. In: N.M. Dutta et al. (eds.) Current concepts in pollen-spore and biopollution research (S. Chandra volume), Research Period. Publ. House, Houston, p. 297-317. Renema, W. (2003)- Larger foraminifera on reefs around Bali. Zool. Verhand., Leiden, 345, p. 337-366. (Recent larger foraminifera from Bali total 19 species. Species richness similar to SW Sulawesi and Cebu, but different composition. Schlumbergerella locally abundant and geographically restricted to Lesser Sunda Islands and Java. Very low abundance of imperforate species probably due to climatic or oceanographic parameters, most likely periodic upwelling, which causes seasonal seawater temperature drops) Renema, W. (2005)- Depth estimation using diameter-thickness ratios in larger benthic foraminifera. Lethaia 38, p. 137-141. (Diameter-thickness ratio (D/T) of Amphistegina and Operculina varies with depth. Increased turbulence thickens the test, whilst decreased light intensity causes flatter test)


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Renema, W. (2006)- Large benthic foraminifera from the deep photic zone of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf off East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Marine Micropal. 58, p. 73-82. (Modern large benthic forams on Berau shelf two- three depth-controlled assemblages: shallow (20-50m; dominated by Operculina ammonoides and deeper (50-85m; dominated by Operculina complanata and Planostegina operculinoides). Deepest living LBF at 115m. Cycloclypeus carpenteri between 55-95m) Renema, W. (2006)- Habitat variables determining the occurrence of large benthic foraminifera in the Berau area (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). Coral Reefs 25, 3, p. 351-359. (Composition of Larger foram assemblages on Berau carbonate shelf with a barrier reef system and some reefs outside barrier. 34-35 species of LF found. Four clusters corresponding to substrate type) Renema, W. (2008)- Habitat selective factors influencing the distribution of larger benthic foraminiferal assemblages over the Kepulauan Seribu. Marine Micropal. 68, p. 286-298. Renema, W. (2010)- Is increased calcarinid (foraminifera) abundance indicating a larger role for macro-algae in Indonesian Plio-Pleistocene coral reefs? Coral Reefs 29, p. 165- 173. (Reefal habitats dominated by algae are inhabited by specific group of larger foraminifera, Calcarinidae) Renema, W, B.W. Hoeksema & J.E. van Hinte (2001)- Larger benthic foraminifera and their distribution patterns on the Spermonde shelf, South Sulawesi. Zool. Verhand. 334, p. 115-149. (Distribution patterns of 20 species of larger benthic foraminifera in Spermonde Archipelago, off SW Sulawesi. 13 transects sampled, down to 33m water depth. Substrate type, hydrodynamic energy, light intensity, nutrient availability and environmental stabiltity determine distribution) Renema W. & J. Hohenegger (2005)- On the identity of Calcarina spengleri (Gmelin 1791). J. Foram. Res. 35 p. 15-21. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/35/1/15.full.pdf) (On identity of Recent reef dwelling larger foram Calcarina spengleri (Gmelin 1791). Commonly confused with Calcarina mayori Cushman 1924, C. gaudichaudii d’Orbigny 1840 and C. hispida Brady 1876) Renema, W. & S.R. Troelstra (2001)- Larger foraminifera distribution on a mesotrophic carbonate shelf in SW Sulawesi (Indonesia). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 175, p. 125-146. (Modern larger foram distribution on Spermonde Shelf) Robles, E. (2007)- Palynological investigation of a laminated sediment core from Lake Guyang Warak, Java, Indonesia. Masters Thesis Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 1-53. (online at: http://hopsea.mnhn.fr/pc/thesis/Emil_Robes_2007.pdf) (Palynology of Quaternary lake deposits on karst surface of Gunung Sewu (Southern Mountains), C Java) Rottger, R., R. Kruger & S. de Rijk (1990)- Larger Foraminifera; variation in outer morphology and prolocular size in Calcarina gaudichaudii J. Foram. Res. 20, 2, p. 170-174. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/20/2/170.full.pdf) (Study of larger foram Calcarina gaudichaudii, abundant in high-energy shallow reefal facies of W Pacific. Based on material from Adorius island, Micronesia, and Komodo island, Indonesia)) Rositasari, R. (1990)- Calcarina sebagai genus penciri lingkungan terumbu karang Resen. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta 1988, p. 79-85. (On Calcarina larger foram in Recent reefal limestone deposits) Rositasari, R. (1993)- Penggunaan foraminifera sebagai bioindikator dalam pemantauan lingkungan estuarin yang tercemar. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1091-1199. ('The application of foraminifera as bioindicators for contaminated estuarine deposits') Rositasari, R. (1994)- Foraminifera aglutinin dan kemungkinan pengaplikasiannya sebagai indikator lingkungan yang mengalami tekanan. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 155-161.


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('Agglutinated foraminifera and possible application as indicators of sediments that underwent compression') Rositasari, R., Suhartati MN, Helfinalis & T. Susana (1994)- Tipe estuari sebagai faktor pembatas pada komunitas foraminifera; hasil penelitian di Muara Sungai Ciawi dan Muara Sungai Bekasi. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 162-172. ('Type of estuary as factor on foraminifera communities; results of study at mouths of Ciawi and Bekasi Rivers') Rottman, M.L. (1979)- Dissolution of planktonic foraminifera and pteropods in South China Sea sediments. J. Foram. Res. 9, p. 41-49. Schubert, R.J. (1900)- Uber die recente Foraminiferenfauna von Singapore. Zool.Anzeiger 23, p. 500-502. (Recent shallow marine foraminifera from calcareous sand from Singapore. Fauna dominated by miliolids) Severin, K.P. (1983)- The size-frequency distribution of the foraminifer Marginopora vertebralis on seagrass through time. Science in New Guinea 10, p. 187-195. Shafik, S. (1978)- The near-surface sediments of the Scott Plateau and Java Trench: nannofossil assessment and implications. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 3, p. 341-345. Stuijts, I. (1984)- Palynological study of Situ Bayongbong, West Java. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 8, p. 2-17. Stuijts, I., J. Newsome & J. Flenley (1988)- Evidence for Late Quaternary vegetational change in the Sumatran and Javan highlands. Rev.Palaeobot. Palynol. 55, p. 207-216. Stuijts, I. (1993)- Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation of West Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis Universiteit Groningen, Balkema, Rotterdam. 183 p. Stuijts, I. (1993)- Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation of West Java, Indonesia. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 12, p. 1-126. Suhartati M.N. (1992)- Preliminary study on the benthic foraminifera and its association with ostracoda in porong Delta, East Java. Toyama Univ., 10p. (15 sediment samples from 0.6- 21.5 m along Porong delta front, Madura Straits. Most abundant species Ammonia beccarii, Calcarina calcar and Elphidium advenum. Also common Elphidium crispum, Asterorotalia trispinosa, Pseudorotalia schroeteriana and Quinqueloculina) Suhartati M.N. (1994)- Foraminifera bentonik dan kaitannya dengan kandungan zat hara di perairan Padang Lamun, Goba Besar, Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 582-590. Suhartati M.N. (1994)- Benthic foraminifera in the seagrass beds of Pari island- Seribu islands, Jakarta. In: S. Sudara et al. (eds.) Proc. Third ASEAN-Australia Symp. Living Coastal Resources, Bangkok, 2, p. 323-329. (Dominant species in reef-flat seagrass areas are miliolids Quinqueloculina spp., and Spiroloculina spp. Also common Ammonia beccarii, Calcarina calcar, Elphidium spp.) Suhartati M.N. (1998)- First record of brackish water agglutinated foraminifera from Java. Reopical Biodiversity 5, 1, p. 57-63. (Ammobaculites agglutinans and Textularia pseudogramen common near Solo and Poreng River mouths, E Java) Suhartati M. Natsir (2009)- Distribusi dan kelimpahan foraminifera bentik Resen di Pulau Opak Besar, Kepulauan Seribu. Lingkungan Tropis 3, 2, p. 95-103. (Online at http://www.lingkungan-tropis.org/distribusi-dan-kelimpahan-foraminifera-suhartati-m-natsir)


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(Distribution and abundance of Recent benthic foraminifera in Opak Besar, Seribu islands'. Off NW Java) Suhartati M. Natsir (2010)- Foraminifera bentik sebagai indikator kondisi lingkungan terumbu karang perairan Pulau Kotok Besar dan Pulau Nirwana, Kepulauan Seribu. Oseanol. Limnol. Indonesia 36, 2, p. 181-192. ('Benthic foraminifera as indicator of environmental conditions of coral reefs in Kotok Besar and Nirwana islands of Seribu islands'. Kotok Besar Island healthy reef growth due to FORAM Index of ~7.6. Dominant symbiont bearing foraminifera are Amphistegina, Calcarina and Tinoporus. Nirwana Island was dominated by opportunistic foraminifera Ammonia, Elphidium, Quinqueloculina and Spiroloculina, showing stressed conditions unsuitable for reef growth as shown by FORAM Index of 1.6-1.9) Suhartati M. Natsir (2010)- Kelimpahan foraminifera Resen pada sedimen permukaan di Teluk Ambon. EJurnal Ilmu Tekn. Kelautan Tropis 2, 1, p. 9-18. ('The abundance of recent foraminifera in surface sediment of Ambon Bay') Suhartati M.N., Ricky R. and Helfinalis (1994)- Foraminifera bentonik dan spesifikasinya pada beberapa lingkungan perairan Dangkal di Indonesia. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 603-604. Suhartati M.N. & Rubiman (2010)- Distribusi foraminifera Resen di Laut Arafura. J. Ilmu Tekn. Kelautan Tropis 2, 2, p. 74-82. (Online at: http://www.itk.fpik.ipb.ac.id/ej_itkt22/jurnal/ML_185_final%20(74-82).pdf) ('The distribution of Recent benthic foraminifera in the Arafura Sea'. Arafura Sea shallow waters S of Papua. Shallow-water ecosytems such as mangrove, seagrass bed, and coral reefs. Samples mainly beteen 30-90m, deepest is station 13 at 341m. 37 species, Most common Ammonia beccarii and Pseudorotalia schroeteriana, except station 13 which has abundant Bolivina spp and also Anomalina rostrata) Suhartati & Subadri (1993)- Foraminifera bentonik di perairan menpawah dan Sungai Duri- Pontianak Kalimantan Barat. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 1181-1188. (Benthic foraminifera in ..waters and Duri River, Pontianak, W Kalimantan) Sukandarrumidi (1990)- The new species of "Quinqueloculina" and "Triloculina" from the bottom sea sediment of the Java Sea, Bali Strait and Karimata Strait, Indonesia. Media Teknik (UGM) 13, 2, p. 132-143. (Sea floor samples from Java Sea, Bali Strait and Karimata Strait with 3 new species of miliolid benthonic foraminifera, Quinqueloculina aberensis, Triloculina malayensis and Triloculina siuriensis) Suleiman, A, C.C.S. Wahyu & A. Bachtiar (2011)- Quaternary benthic foraminifera from bathyal zone seabed of mamuju offshore, North Makassar Basin, West Sulawesi. Proc. Joint 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-424, 5p. (Benthic foraminifera from 1700-1800 m depth, sampled during geohazard survey, offshore, Lariang Basin. Mainly calcareous benthics usually found in outer shelf- upper bathyal instead of arenaceous tests that are common in bathyal zone. This suggests deposition is allochtonous sediment debris from upslope) Sumawinata, B. (1998)- Sediments of the lower Barito basin in South Kalimantan: fossil pollen composition. Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto 36, 3, p. 293-316. (Palynology/ environments of Holocene sediments from Lower Barito and Martapura Rivers shallow cores) Sun, X., Y. Luo, F. Huang, J. Tian & P. Wang (2003)- Deep-sea pollen from the South China Sea: Pleistocene indicators of East Asian monsoon. Marine Geol. 201, p. 97-118. Szarek, R. (2001)- Biodiversity and biogeography of Recent benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the southwestern South China Sea (Sunda Shelf). Ph.D. Thesis, Christian Albrechts Univ., Kiel, 273 p. Szarek, R., W. Kuhnt, H. Kawamura & H. Kitazato (2006)- Distribution of recent benthic foraminifera on the Sunda Shelf (South China Sea). Marine Micropal. 61, p. 171-195. (Recent benthic foraminifera distribution around Natuna Island between 60-226m)


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Taylor, A.M. (1988)- The taxonomy, ecology and zoogeographical significance of Recent reef Ostracoda from Singapore. Magister Dissertation, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, 203 p. (Unpublished) Titterton, R. & R.C. Whatley (1988)- Recent Bairdiinae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from the Solomon Islands. J. Micropal. 7, p. 111-142. Titterton, R. & R.C. Whatley (2005)- Recent marine Ostracoda from the Solomon Islands. Part 2. Cytheracea (Xestoleberidae). Rev. Espan. Micropaleontología, 37 (2), 291-313. (online at: http://revistas.igme.es/index.php/revista_micro/article/viewFile/314/312) Titterton, R. & R.C. Whatley (2006)- Recent marine Ostracoda from the Solomon Islands. Part 1: Cypridoidea, Platycopina and Cladocopina. J. Micropal. , p. Titterton, R. & R.C. Whatley (2006)- Recent marine Ostracoda from the Solomon Islands. Part 3: Cytheroidea, Bythcytheroidea, Cytherideidae, Krithidae, Neoytherideidae, Cytheruridae. Rev. Espan. Micropal. 38, p. 169189. (online at: http://revistas.igme.es/index.php/revista_micro/article/view/325/322) Todd, R. (1960)- Some observations on the distribution of Calcarina and Baculogypsina in the Pacific. Sci. Repts. Tohoku Univ., Sendai, ser. 2 (Geol.), Spec. Vol. 4, p. 100-107. (Calcarina spengleri and Baculogypsina sphaerulata common reef-dwelling foram species of tropical W Pacific between ~170°W and 120°E. Both first appeared late in Tertiary. Common from Australia Great Barrier Reef to Philippines and Ryukyus in W and from Marianas to Marshalls, Gilberts, Phoenix Islands, Samoa, and Niue in E) Troelstra, S.R. (1989)- Actuomicropalaeontology and sediment distribution of three transects across the Banda Arc, Indonesia (Snellius-II expedition, cruise G5). Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 4, p. 477-489. Troelstra, S.R. & D. Kroon (1989)- Note on extant planktonic foraminifera from the Banda Sea, Indonesia (Snellius-II Expedition, Cruise G-5). In: Proc. Snellius II Symposium, Jakarta 1987, Neth. J. Sea Res. 24, p. 459-463. Troelstra, S.R., H.M. Jonkers & S. de Rijk (1996)- Larger Foraminifera from the Spermonde Archipelago (Sulawesi, Indonesia). Scripta Geol. 113, p. 93-120. (Online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148804) (Modern larger foram distribution in Spermonde reefal province off SW tip of Sulawesi. Near-reef facies dominated by few species (Calcarina, Elphidium). Mid-shelf reefs mainly with Heterostegina depressa and Amphistegina radiata. Outer platform reefs more open ocean influence with Amphisorus hemprichii and Amphistegina lessonii) Van de Paverd, P.J. & K.R. Bjorklund (1989)- Frequency distribution of polycystine radiolarians in surface sediments of the Banda Sea, Eastern Indonesia. In: Proc. Snellius II Symposium, Jakarta 1987, Netherl. J. Sea Res. 24, 2, p. 511-521. (Numbers of radiolarians in sea-floor sediments of Banda Sea vary widely: low from 0- 950m, high between 950- 4800m, and low again below 4800m water depth. Distribution pattern result of sediment influx and occurrence of highly productive areas in surface water) Van der Kaars, W.A. (1991)- Palynology of eastern Indonesian marine piston-cores: a Late Quaternary vegetational and climatic record for Australasia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 85, p. 239-302. Van der Kaars, S. (1998)- Marine and terrestrial pollen records of the last glacial cycle from the Indonesian region: Bandung Basin and Banda Sea. Palaeoclimates 3, p. 209-219. Van der Kaars, S. F. Bassinot, P. de Deckker & F. Guichard (2010)- Monsoon and ocean circulation and the vegetation cover of southwest Sumatra throughout the last 83,000 years: the record from marine core BAR9442. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 296, p. 52-78.


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(Palynological record from deep-sea core off SW Sumatra used to reconstruct monsoon circulation and vegetation of SW Sumatra over the last 83 ky. During marine isotope stage (MIS) 5a, SW Sumatra was covered by rainforest. During MIS 4 conditions became drier, cooler and most open during MIS 3, between ~52- 43 ky, the driest of the last glacial. After ~43 ky everwet climate gradually developed) Van der Kaars, S. & R. Dam (1995)- A 135,000-year record of vegetational and climatic change from the Bandung area, West-Java, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 117, p. 55-72. Van der Kaars, S. & R. Dam (1997)- Vegetation and climate change in West-Java, Indonesia during the last 135,000 years. Quatern. Int. 37, p. 67-71. Van der Kaars, S., D. Penny, J. Tibby, J. Fluin, R.A.C Dam & P. Suparan (2001)- Late Quaternary palaeoecology, palynology and paleoclimatology of a tropical lowland swamp: Rawa Danau, West-Java, Indonesia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, p. 185-212. (Open vegetation and drier climate suggested for Late Glacial, but no evidence for cooler conditions. Onset of Holocene coincides with change to more humid conditions) Van der Kaars, S., M.A.J. Williams, F. Bassinot, F. Guichard & E. Moreno (2011)- The influence of the 73 ka Toba super-eruption on the ecosystems of northern Sumatra as recorded in marine core BAR94-25. Quatern. Int. (in press) (The 73 ka Toba super-eruption had instantaneous and devastating effect on pine forests of N Sumatra. Evidence for impact on regional climatic conditions remains inconclusive) Van Iperen, J.M., A.J. van Bennekom & T.C.E. van Weering (1993)- Diatoms in surface sediments of the Indonesian Archipelago and their relation to hydrography. Hydrobiologia 269/270, p. 113-128. (Marine diatoms from 53 seafloor samples between 350-7200 m water depth in Indonesian Archipelago. Three significant assemblages, related to parameters of overlying water mass: (1) related to warm saline surface waters of Pacific and Indian Ocean origin; (2) low-salinity lobe in Makassar Strait; (3) seasonal upwelling areas in Arafura Sea and S of Java. Also three groups of allochthonous species, indicators of productivity in littoral environment, bottom currents and river outflow) Van Marle, L.J. (1988)- Bathymetric distribution of benthic foraminifera on the Australian- Irian Jaya continental margin, Eastern Indonesia. Marine Micropal. 13, 2, p. 97-152. (Study of distribution of 164 species of benthic foraminifera in 35 seafloor samples from Australia- Irian Jaya continental margin between 60- 2119 m water depth, along three transects across Banda Arc. Four fauna1 depth-zones and four subzones distinguished) Van Marle, L.J. (1989)- Benthic foraminifera from the Banda Arc region, Indonesia, and their paleobathymetric significance for geologic interpretations of the Late Cenozoic sedimentary record. Ph.D. Thesis Vrije Universiteit, Free University Press, Amsterdam, 271 p. (Collection of 11 papers also published elsewhere on modern foraminifera distribution and Neogene stratigraphy of E Indonesian islands) Van Marle, L.J. (1991)- Eastern Indonesian, Late Cenozoic smaller benthic foraminifera. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Afd. Natuurk. 1, 34, p. 1-328. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011017.pdf) (Taxonomy and distribution of Miocene- Recent benthic foraminifera in E Indonesia) Van Marle, L.J., J.E.van Hinte & A.J. Nederbragt (1987)- Plankton percentage of the foraminiferal fauna in seafloor samples from the Australian-Irian Jaya continental margin, Eastern Indonesia. Marine Geol, 77, p. 151156. (Plankton percentage of foram fauna in 36 seafloor samples between 40-2119m depth from Australian-Irian Jaya continental margin increases with water depth. Percentage- Depth Transform derived from data set. Examples: around 100m water depth plankton % = ~50%, below 500m >90%)


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Van Waveren, I. (1989)- Pattern analysis of organic component abundances from deltaic and open marine deposits: palynofacies distribution (East Java, Indonesia). Netherlands J. Sea Res. 23, 4, p. 441-447. (Eleven types of organic debris types in sea floor samples from Java Sea, off Solo Rivr Delta, Porong Delta, etc.. Mix of open marine (foraminifera, dinoflagellates) and land-derived material (spores-pollen, etc.)) Van Waveren, I. (1989)- Palynofacies analysis of surface sediments from the Northeastern Banda Sea (Indonesia). Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 4, p. 501-509. (Analysis of organic matter types in 31 deep water sea floor samples E of Seram) Van Waveren, I. (1993)- Planktonic organic matter in surficial sediments of the Banda Sea (Indonesia); a palynological approach. Ph.D. Thesis University of Utrecht, Geol. Ultraiectina 104, 237 p. (Collection of seven publications, six of which deal with Recent Banda Sea palynomorphs, organic matter, tintinnomorphs and dinoflgellate cysts) Van Waveren, I. (1994)- Tintinnomorphs from deep-sea sediments of the Banda Sea (Indonesia). Scripta Geol. 105, p. 27-51. Van Waveren, I. & H. Visscher (1994)- Analysis of the composition and selective preservation of organic matter in surficial deep-sea sediments from a high-productivity area (Banda Sea, Indonesia). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 112, 1-2, p. 85-111. (Palynological analysis of box-core samples from deep-sea sediments along three transects in Banda Sea) Van Zeist, W. (1984)- The prospect of palynology for the study of prehistoric man in Southeast Asia. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 8, p. 1-15. Villain, J.M. (1995)- Modeles micropaleontologiques recents et stratigraphie sequentielle en Indonesie. In: M. Gayet et al. (eds.) First European Palaeontological Congress, Geobios, Mem. Spec. 18, p. 409-423. ('Recent micropaleontological models and sequence stratigraphy in Indonesia'. Foraminifera distribution on shelf between Mahakam delta and Makassar Strait. Deltaic assemblages arranged according to salinity. Inner shelf with larger Rotaliidae towards euryhaline conditions. Operculina typical of shallow marine low-oxygen organic-rich clays, coarser seafloor rich in oxygen with Amphisteginids. Nodosariidae and planktonics bathymetric markers on slope. Bathyal areas mostly agglutinants. Model above valid only for highstand situations, comparable to present day. Sediments deposited during last lowstand period cored and correlated. Shelf microfaunas thin-walled, due to low oxygen and low carbonate concentrations; Rotaliidae indicate low salinities at shelf edge, where they coexist with Operculina and Amphistegina, close to deeper facies with planktonics, Buliminidae and Nodosariidae) Watson, K.A. (1988)- The taxonomy and distribution of Recent reef Ostracoda from the Pulau Seribu, Java Sea. Doct. Diss., University of Wales, Aberystwyth, 434 p. (Unpublished) Wells, P., G. Wells, J. Calli & A. Chivas (1994)- Response of deep sea benthonic foraminifera to Late Quaternary climate changes, SE Indian Ocean, offshore Western Australia. Marine Micropal. 23, p. 185-229. Whatley, R.C. & R. Titterton (1981)- Some new Recent podocopid Ostracoda from the Solomon Islands, SouthWest Pacific. Rev. Espan. Micropal. 13, p. 157-170. Whatley, R.C. & Q. Zhao (1987)- Recent ostracoda of Malacca Straits (Part I). Rev. Espan. Micropal. 19, 3, p. 327-366. Whatley, R.C. & Q. Zhao (1988)- Recent ostracoda of Malacca Straits (Part II). Rev. Espan. Micropal. 20, 1, p. 5-37.


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Whittaker, J.E. & R.L. Hodgkinson (1995)- The foraminifera of the Pitcairn Islands. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 56, p. 365-371. (Recent foraminifera from Pitcairn Islands, Pacific Ocean. Living forams almost exclusively from phytal (attached or clinging) habitats. Foraminifera in sediment samples mainly thanatocoenoses. Fauna all calcareous, low diversity, dominated by large soritids [Marginopora, Amphisorus, Sorites) and Amphistegina, with small miliolids and small attached genera (discorbids, etc.). Apparent absence of Calcarina, small rotaliids, elphidiids and agglutinating species, common in W Pacific islands) Wijono, S. (1991)- Distribusi foraminifera bentonik di daerah peraian P. Papateo, Kepulauan Seribu, Laut Jawa. Media Teknik (UGM) 13, 2, p. 119- 131. 'Distribution of benthic foraminifera off Papateo Island, Pulau Seribu, Java Sea'. Forams from 18 samples from 21-30m depth) Woodroffe, S.A., B.P. Horton, P. Larcombe & J.E. Whittaker (2005)- Intertidal mangrove foraminifera from the central Great Barrier Reef shelf, Australia: implications for sea-level reconstruction. J. Foram. Res. 35, 3, p. 259-270. (Foraminifera distribution in intertidal zone tied to elevation. Agglutinated foram assemblage of Miliammina fusca, Trochammina inflata, Ammotium and Haplophragmoides between just above Mean Low Water of Neap Tides to Highest Astronomical Tide level (vertical range 1.8 m). Ammonia aoteana- dominated assemblage between just below Mean Low Water of Neap Tides and Mean High Water of Neap Tides (vertical range 0.8 m) Yanagisawa, Y. (1987)- Age assignments of dredge and piston core samples based on diatom biostratigraphy. Comm. Co-Ord. Joint Prosp. Mineral Res. Asian offshore areas (CCOP), Techn. Bull. 19, p. 73-87. (Latest Pliocene- Recent ages for sediments in piston cores in forearc offshore E Java) Yulianto, E., A.T. Rahardjo, Dardji Noeradi, D.A. Siregar & K. Hirakawa (2005)- A Holocene pollen record of vegetation and coastal environmental changes in the coastal swamp forest at Batulicin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 25, 1, p. 1-8. (Pollen analysis of Batulicin, SE Kalimantan coastal peat swamp core, representing 9100 BP, shows Rhizophora mangrove forest since early Holocene. From ~6000 BP gradual change from mangrove forest to peat swamp forest due to higher precipitation and progradation. Human influence recognized from ~1600 BP) Yulianto, E., W.S. Sukapti, A.T. Rahardjo, Dardji Noeradi, D.A. Siregar, P. Suparan & K. Hirakawa (2004)Mangrove shoreline responses to Holocene environmental change, Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 131, p. 251-268. (Pollen analyses of two near-coastal sites at Batulicin, S Kalimantan and Pare-Pare, S Sulawesi. Mangroves developed at Batulicin in mid-Holocene, persisting to present at Batulicin. Mangrove development commenced at Pare-Pare in early Holocene, but since mid Holocene fluvial/floodplain deposition) Zhao, Q. & R.C. Whatley (1989)- Recent podocopid Ostracoda of the Sedili River and Jason Bay, southeastern Malay Peninsula. Micropaleontology 35, p. 168-187. Zong, Y. & B.H. Kamaludin (2004)- Diatom assemblages from two mangrove tidal flats in Peninsular Malaysia. Diatom Research 19, p. 329-344.


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X.2. Tertiary Adams, C.G. (1965)- The foraminifera and stratigraphy of the Melinau Limestone, Sarawak, and its importance in Tertiary correlation. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London 121, p. 283-338. (Melinau Lst in NE Sarawak up to 7000’ thick, ages based on larger foraminifera Late Eocene- Early Miocene. One new genus, Wilfordia, three new species: Dictyoconus melinauensis, Neoalveolina inflata, and Wilfordia sarawakensis. Dictyoconus recorded for first time from strata of Oligocene age) Adams, C.G. (1967)- Tertiary Foraminifera in the Tethyan, American and Indo Pacific Provinces. In: C.G. Adams & D.V. Ager (eds.) Aspects of Tethyan biogeography, Systematics Association, London, Spec. Publ. 7, p. 195-217. (Tertiary larger foraminifera three major bioprovinces: Americas, Tethys, Indo-Pacific) Adams, C.G. (1968)- A revision of the foraminiferal genus Austrotrillina Parr. Bull. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Geol., 16, p. 71-97. (Evolutionary changes in Late Oligocene- E Miocene Austrotrillina are of value in stratigraphy) Adams, C.G. (1970)- A reconsideration of the East Indian Letter classification of the Tertiary. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Geol. 19, 3, p. 87-137. (Classic re-examination of Late Paleocene- Recent East Indian Letter Classification) Adams, C.G. (1973)- Some Tertiary foraminifera. In: A. Hallam (ed.) Atlas of Palaeobiogeography. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 453-468. (Notes on biogeography of Eocene- M Miocene larger foram genera) Adams, C.G. (1976)- Larger foraminifera and the Late Cenozoic history of the Mediterranean region. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 20, p. 47-66. (Larger foram faunas similar between Mediterranean and Indo-West Pacific, but different from Americas. From M Miocene onward diverged rapidly) Adams, C.G. (1981)- Larger foraminifera and the Paleogene/ Neogene boundary. In: Proc. 7th Int.Congr. Mediterranean Neogene, Athens 1979, Ann. Geol. Pays Hellen., hors serie, IV, p. 145-151. (No major changes in larger foram faunas distribution at Oligo-Miocene boundary. In Indonesia- W Pacific first appearance of Miogypsina best marker event) Adams, C.G. (1983)- Speciation, phylogenesis, tectonism, climate and eustasy: factors in the evolution of Cenozoic larger foraminiferal bioprovinces. In: R.W. Sims et al. (eds.) The emergence of the biosphere, Syst. Assoc. Spec. Vol. 23, Academic Press, London, p. 255-287. Adams, C.G. (1984)- Neogene larger foraminifera, evolutionary and geological events in the context of datum planes. In: N. Ikebe & R. Tsuchi (eds.) Pacific Neogene datum planes, Contributions to biostratigraphy and chronology. Univ. of Tokyo Press, p. 47-67. Adams, C.G. (1987)- On the classification of the Lepidocyclinidae (Foraminiferida) with redescriptions of the unrelated Palaeocene genera Actinosiphon and Orbitosiphon. Micropaleontology 33, p. 289-317. (Three subgenera, Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina), L. (Eulepidina), and L. (Nephrolepidina), discriminated on nature and arrangement of peri-embryonic chambers. Two groups of species recognized within L. (Lepidocyclina) on basis of equatorial chamber shape) Adams C.G. (1992)- Larger foraminifera and the dating of Neogene events. In: R. Tsuchi & J.C. Ingle (eds.) Pacific Neogene. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, p. 221-235. Adams, C.G. & D.J. Belford (1974)- Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Oligo-Miocene limestones of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Palaeontology 17, p. 475-506. Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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(Late Oligocene- M Miocene (lower Te- Lower Tf zones) LBF assemblages in ~190m thick limestones capping a truncated basaltic volcanic cone in the Indian Ocean off SW Java. Mention of Eocene limestone, but no details) Adams, C.G. & D.J. Belford (1979)- A new foraminifer from the Middle Eocene of Papua New Guinea. Palaeontology 22, 1, p. 181-187. (Reticulogyra mirata, a new complex miliolid species from M Eocene lower Chimbu limestone) Adams, C.G., J. Butterlin & B.K. Samanta (1986)- Larger foraminifera and events at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in the Indo West Pacific region. In: C. Pomerol & I. Premoli-Silva (eds.) Terminal Eocene events, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 237-252. (In most Indo-Pacific localities Eocene terminated by disconformities, with extinction of Discocyclina, Pellatispira, Spiroclypeus vermicularis, etc.,as in localities worldwide. Possibly triggered by global sea level fall with climatic deterioration. Adams, G.C. & P. Frame (1979)- Observations on Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) Carpenter and Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) Tan (Foraminifera). Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Geol.) 32, 1, p. 3-17. (Online at: http://www.archive.org/details/bulletinofbritis32geollond) (Katacycloclypeus limited to Middle Miocene Lower Tf letter stage. Microspheric forms from Fiji up to 90 mm) Adams, G.C. A.W. Gentry & P.J. Whybrow (1979)- Dating the terminal Tethyan event. Utrecht Micropal. Bull. 30, p. 273-298. (Geographic distribution of larger foraminifera shows continuous connection between Mediterranean and Indian Ocean closed by mid-Burdigalian) Adams, G.C., D.E. Lee & B.R. Rosen (1990)- Conflicting isotopic and biotic evidence for tropical sea-surface temperatures during the Tertiary. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 77, p. 289-313. (Paleotemperatures derived from some isotope studies are too low to account for distribution and diversity of many Tertiary tropical- subtropical taxa) Adams, C.G., P. Rodda & R.J. Kiteley (1979)- The extinction of the foraminiferal genus Lepidocyclina and the Miocene-Pliocene boundary problem in Fiji. Marine Micropal. 4, 4, p. 319-339. (Last surviving species of Lepidocyclina, L. radiata, becomes extinct at N18/N19 boundary, near top Miocene) Adisaputra, M.K. & Hartono (2007)- The phillipsite mineral in deep sea sediment from single core in Roo Rise, Indian Ocean South of East Jawa. Indonesian Mining J. 10, 9, p. 39-43. Adisaputra, M.K., N. Hasjim & A. Djojosumarto (1995)- Sundaland Neogene biostratigraphic events. In: Proc. Oji Seminar on Neogene Evolution of Pacific Ocean Gateways, Kyodai Kaikan, Kyoto, IGCP-355, p. 62-71. Adisaputra, M.K. & M. Hendrizan (2008)- Hiatus pada kala Eosen-Miosen Tengah di Tinggian Roo, Samudra Hindia, berdasarkan biostratigrafi nannoplankton. Jurnal Geologi Kelautan 6, 3, p.154-166. ('Eocene- Middle Miocene hiatus on the Roo Rise, Indian Ocean, based on nannoplankton biostratigraphy') Adisaputra, M.K. & D. Kusnida (2010)- Paleocene postgenetic accumulation of nannoplankton on the phillipsite minerals in Roo Rise, Indian Ocean. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 5, 1, p. 49-56 (Paleocene nannoplankton on phillipsite crystals in core from Roo Rise, 3880- 3914 m below sea level) Adisaputra, M.K. & L. Sarmili (1995)- Neogene events through biostratigraphic constrain in the Banda Sea. In: Proc. Oji Seminar on Neogene Evolution of Pacific Ocean Gateways, Kyoto, IGCP-355, p. 72-79. Adisaputra-Sudinta, Mimin K. & P.J. Coleman (1983)- Correlation between larger benthonic and smaller planktonic foraminifera from the mid-Tertiary Rajamandala Formation, Central West Java. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 4, p. 37-55.


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(Samples from Tagogapu/ Cikaming part of Rajamandala Limestone in W Java with both planktonics (zones N2-N4) and larger forams (mainly Te1-4, at top Te5; Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene) Adisaputra-Sudinta, M.K., R. Smit & E.J. van Vessem (1978)- Miogypsina cushmani and Miogypsina antillea from Jatirogo (East Java). Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. 29-47. (Localities on Jatirogo Quadrangle, NE Java, with Miogypsina cushmani in Middle Rembang Beds below Ngrayong equivalent quartz sands, and Miogypsina antillea in 200m thick ‘Upper Rembang Fm/ Tlatah Limestone Beds, probably equivalent of Middle Miocene ‘Platen Limestone’) Agnes M, K.A. Maryunani, & A.T. Rahardjo (2000)- The characteristics of foraminfera distribution patterns within turbidite sequence of Banyak Formation, Central Java. Buletin Geol. 32, 1, p 1-9. Akmaluddin, T. Susilo & W. Rahardjo (2006)- Calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphy of Ngalang River section, Southern Mountain area, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon Geol. Assoc. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, p. Anderson, J.A.R. & J. Muller (1975)- Palynological study of a Holocene peat deposit and a Miocene coal deposit from NW Borneo. Rev. Paleobot. Palynol. 19, p. 291-351. Anwar Maruyani, K. (1998)- Pola penyebaran foraminifera dalam hubunganny dengan sikuen stratigrafi. Masters Thesis Inst. Tekn. Bandung, p. (On the use of foraminifera in sequence stratigraphy in NE Java) Anwar Maruyani, K. (1998)- Pola sebaran foraminifera dalam hubungannya dengan stratigrafi sikuen (studi kasus: daerah Blora dan sekitarnyaldaerah lintang rendah. Proc. Inst. Tekn. Bandung 30, 3, p. (Foraminifera distribution patterns within sequence stratigraphy; a case study in Blora and surrounding areas) Asano, K. & Y. Takayanagi (1965)- Stratigraphic significance of the planktonic foraminifera from Japan. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Univ., Sendai, Ser. 2 (Geol.) 37, 1, p. 1-14. (p.6: Ogasawara (Bonin) islands S of Honshu abundant Nummulites boninensis from limestone correlative with Porticulosphaera Mexican zone, Upper Lutetian) Bain, J.H.C. & J.G. Binnekamp (1973)- The foraminifera and stratigraphy of the Chimbu Limestone, New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Austr. 139, p. 1-12. (Chimbu Lst in Central Highlands (Kubor Block?) average 300m thick, para-conformable on Upper Cretaceous. Ranges in age from M Eocene/ Ta3 to Lower Oligocene/ Tc. Overlain by Early Miocene limestones, sometimes separated by mudstones. Tb with Lacazinella; no Pellatispira) Bakx, L.A.J. (1932)- De genera Fasciolites en Neoalveolina in het Pacifische gebied. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, p. 205-266. (Mainly Eocene alveolinids (Fasciolites spp.) from Timor, Java, New Guinea, Sulawesi, etc.) Bande, M.B. & U. Prakash (1986)- The Tertiary flora of Southeast Asia with remarks on its palaeoenvironment and phytogeography of the Indo-Malayan region. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 49, p. 203-233. (Compilation of information on Paleogene and Neogene flora of SE Asia, with reconstruction of Tertiary environment of region. SE Asia flora compared with that of India and the migration of various families and genera between these two areas is traced) Banner, F.T. & R.L. Hodgkinson (1991)- A revision of the foraminiferal subfamily Heterostegininae. Rev. Esp. Micropal. 23, 2, p. 101-140. (Tansinhokella n. gen. for Eocene members of Spiroclypeus group, Vlerkina for involute Heterostegina) Banner, F.T. & M.A. Samuel (1995)- Alanlordia, a new genus of Acervuline foraminifera from the Neogene of Indonesia. J. Micropal. 14, p. 107-117.


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Bannink D. D. (1950)- Een monografie van het genus Operculina d'Orbigny, 1826. Ph.D. Thesis University of Leiden, p. (Monograph on foram genus Operculina, including descriptions of Tertiary material from Borneo and Sumatra. Genus comprises nine species) Barre-De Cruz, C. (1982)- Etude palynologique du Tertiaire de Sud-Est Asiatique (Kalimantan: Delta de la Mahakam, Mer de Chine: Permis de Beibu). Thesis Universit de Bordeaux III, vol. 1, 161p. and vol. 2, 61p. ('Palynological study of the Tertiary of SE Asia, Kalimantan/Mahakam Delta and S China Sea/ Beibu Permit) Basov, I.A. & V.A. Krashenninnikov (1995)- Stratigraphy and foraminifera of Pliocene-Quarternary deposits of the Timor Trough. Izdatelstvo "Nauchniy Mir", Moscow, 110 p. Baumann, P. (1972)- Les faunes de foraminiferes de l’Eocene superieur a la base du Miocene dans le basin de Pasir, Sud de Kalimantan. Rev. Inst. Franc. Petr. 27, 6, p. 817-829. (Late Eocene- Early Miocene planktonic foraminifera faunas and zonation in Pasir Basin, S. Kalimantan) Beavington-Penney, S. & A. Racey (2004)- Ecology of extant nummulitids and other larger benthic foraminifera: applications in palaeoenvironmental analysis. Earth Sci. Rev. 67, p. 219-265. (Review of modern larger foram ecology and analogs with Tertiary Nummulites-bearing facies) Beets, C. (1942)- Mollusken aus dem Tertiar des Ostindischen Archipels. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 13, 1, p. 218254. ('Molluscs from the Tertiary of the East Indies Archipelago'. Three short papers on molluscs from collections in The Netherlands: (1) gastropod Buccinum in E Indies, (2) Notes on some interesting molluscs from E Indies, (3) Observations on small Neogene mollusk fauna from E Kalimantan (collected by Rutten)) Beets, C. (1949)- On the occurrence of Biplanispira in the uppermost Eocene (Kyet-U-Bok Band) of Burma. Geol. Mijnbouw, N.S., 11, 7, p. 229-232. Beets, C. (1950)- Revised determinations of East Indian and related fossil mollusca. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mĳnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 15, 2, p. 329-341. Beets, C. (1950)- On fossil brachyuran crabs from the East Indies. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mĳnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 15, 2, p. 349-354. (Three species of Neogene fossil crabs from Java and Madura) Beets, C (1943)- Die Gattung Galeodea Link im Tertiar von Insulinde. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol., 13, p. 435-443. ('The genus Galeodea (gastropod) in the Tertiary of Indonesia') Belford, D.J. (1966)- Miocene and Pliocene smaller foraminifera from Papua and New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Australia 79, 223 p. (Comprehensive taxonomy/ descriptions of 156 benthic foram species. Little or no stratigraphic info) Belford, D.J. (1974)- Foraminifera from the Ilaga valley, Nassau Range, Irian Jaya. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 150, p. 1-26. (Foraminifera from rocks collected by Dow on way to Carstensz peak include Late Eocene (Discocyclina, Nummulites, Lacazinella, etc.), Late Oligocene and E-M Miocene larger forams from New Guinea limestone and Late Oligocene N3 planktonics from marly interbeds) Belford, D.J. (1978)- The genus Triplasia (Foraminiferida) from the Miocene of Papua New Guinea. BMR Geol. Geophys. Bull. 192 (Crespin Volume), p. 1-7. (Three species of small benthic agglutinated foram Triplasia in Lower Miocene Yangi beds in Wabag area)


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Belford, D.J. (1981)- Co-occurrence of Middle Miocene larger and planktic smaller foraminifera, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. 209, p. 1-21. (N11-N12 planktonics with Lower Tf Lepidocyclina (N)- Miogypsina larger foram assemblage) Belford, D.J. (1984)- Tertiary foraminifera and age of sediments, Ok-Tedi-Wabag, Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 216, p. 1-52. (Paleocene- Pliocene planktonic foraminifera distribution from outcrop samples. Top larger foram zone Te correlated to planktonic foram zones N6-N7, with zone N8 planktonics overlying top Darai limestone Lower Tf assemblages. Occurrence of Lacazinella near Telefomin) Belford, D.J. (1985)- Planorbulinella solida sp. nov. (Foraminiferida) from the Miocene of Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 7, 4, p. 321-325. Belford, D.J. (1989)- Early Eocene planktonic foraminifera, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 5, p. 22-49. Besems, R.E. (1993)- Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of Tertiary and Quaternary deposits of offshore NW Borneo. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symp. Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 65-93. (Paleogene- Recent dinoflagellate zonation, based on analysis of 56 wells off NW Borneo) Betzler, C. & G.C.H. Chaproniere (1993)- Paleogene and Neogene larger foraminifers from the Queensland Plateau: biostratigraphy and environmental significance. In: J.A. McKenzie, P.J. Davies et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 133, p. 51-66. (Leg 133 Queensland Plateau ODP site sites with Eocene (Nummulites, Discocyclina) and Late Oligocene- M Miocene larger foram facies) Beu, A.G. (2005)- Neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of Indonesia. Scripta Geol. 130, p. 1-186. (online at: www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/41902) (Review of Neogene gastropods from Java, Nias, etc. in Naturalis, Leiden collections) Bidgood, M.D., M.D. Simmons & C.G. Thomas (1997)- Agglutinating foraminifera from Miocene sediments of North-West Borneo. In: M.B. Hart (ed.) Proc. 5th Workshop Agglutinating Foraminifera, Plymouth 1997, p. Billman, H.G., L. Hottinger & H. Oesterle (1980)- Neogene to Recent rotaliid foraminifera from the IndoPacific Ocean; their canal system, their classification and their stratigraphic use. Schweiz. Paleont. Abh. 101, p. 71-113. (Species and zonation of rotalid foraminifera successfully used for biozonation of E Kalimantan deltaic series) Billman, H.G. & M.E. Scrutton (1976)- Stratigraphic correlation in Indonesia. SEAPEX Offshore South East Asia Conference Conf., Singapore 1976, Paper 9, 13 p. (Overview of Cenozoic biostratigraphic zonations in Indonesia) Billman, H.G. & L.Witoelar Kartaadipura (1974)- Late Tertiary biostratigraphic zonation, Kutei Basin, offshore East Kalimantan. Proc. 3rd. Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 301-310. (First Late Miocene- Recent biozonation based on rotaliid benthic foraminifera for use in deltaic sediments where planktonics and larger forams are usually absent) Binnekamp, J.G. (1973)- Tertiary larger foraminifera from New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Bull. Austr. Bur. Min. Res. 140, p. 1-26. (Eocene larger forams, incl. Pellatispira, in volcanoclastic series of New Britain Island. Also Miocene LF)


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Biswas, B. (1976)- Bathymetry of Holocene foraminifera and Quarternary sea-level changes on the Sunda shelf. J. Foram. Res. 6, 2, p. 107-133. Blow, W.H. (1969)- Late Middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Proc. First Int. Conf. Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva 1967, 1, Brill, Leiden, p. 199-422. (Classic text on Eocene- Recent planktonic foraminifera zonations, using the N and P-numbered zones widely used in Indonesia. Parts of this work are based on Indonesian sections like Bojonegoro well, etc.) Blow, W.H. (1979)- The Cainozoic Globigerinida. A study of the morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary relationships and the stratigraphical distribution of some Globigerinida. Brill, Leiden, 3 vols., p. 1-1413. (Monumental study of Tertiary- Recent planktonic foraminifera; follow-up of Blow (1969) book) Blow, W.H. & Banner (1966)- The morphology, taxonomy and biostratigraphy of Globorotalia barisanensis LeRoy, Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor and related taxa. Micropaleontology 12, 3, p. 286-302. (Taxonomy of planktonic foraminifera around E-M Miocene boundary. Includes strat column of Kassikan section, Barisan mountain front, C Sumatra, originally studied by LeRoy 1952) Bolli, H.M (1966)- The planktonic foraminifera in well Bojonegoro-1 of Java. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 59, 1, p. 449465. (Classic study of E Miocene (G. insueta zone)- Pliocene (Gr. menardii zone) planktonic foraminifera, based on continuously cored 1934 BPM well, showing validity of then new ‘global’ E Miocene- Pliocene planktonic foram zonation in Indonesia) Bolli, H.M. & J.B. Saunders (1985)- Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktic foraminifera. In: H.M. Bolli, J.B. Saunders & K. Perch-Nielsen (eds.) Plankton Stratigraphy, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 155-262. Boltovskoy, E. (1974)- Neogene planktonic foraminifera of the Indian Ocean (DSDP Leg 26). In: T. Davies & B.P. Luyendyk (eds.) Initial Reports of Deep Sea Drilling Project 26, Washington, p. 675-741. Boomgaart, L. (1949)- Smaller Foraminifera from Bodjonegoro (Java). Thesis University of Utrecht, 175 p. (Classic E Miocene- Pliocene benthic foraminifera zonation study on continuously cored 1934 BPM well, concluding entire section is in bathyal mudstone facies) Boudagher-Fadel, M.K. (2002)- The stratigraphical relationship between planktonic and larger benthic foraminifera in Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene carbonate facies of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Micropaleontology 48, 2, p. 153-176. (M Miocene- E Pliocene Tacipi Fm of Sulawesi deposited in large area of shallow marine carbonate production with deeper water sediments deposited to N. Co-occurrence of planktonic foraminifera and larger benthic foraminifera allowed refinement of biostratigraphic ranges of Katacyclocypeus and Flosculinella, and enlargement of our knowledge about Tg and Th “letter stages”) BouDagher-Fadel, M.K. (2008)- Chapter 6- The Cenozoic larger benthic foraminifera: The Palaeogene. In: Evolution and geological significance of larger benthic foraminifera. Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy 21, Elsevier, p. 297-418. BouDagher-Fadel, M.K. (2008)- Chapter 7- The Cenozoic larger benthic foraminifera: The Neogene. In: Evolution and geological significance of larger benthic foraminifera. Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy 21, Elsevier, p. 419-548. Boudagher-Fadel, M.K. & F.T. Banner (1997)- The revision of some genus-group names in Tethyan Lepidocyclininae. Paleopelagos, 7, p. 3-16. Boudagher-Fadel, M.K. & F.T. Banner (1999)- Revision of the stratigraphic significance of the OligoceneMiocene “Letter-Stages”. Revue Micropal. 42, p. 93-97.


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(Re-invention of the classic Indo-Pacifc larger foram Letter zonation.‘New’ correlation between Far East Letter Stages and Oligo-Miocene planktonic foram stages) Boudagher-Fadel, M.K. & S. Lokier (2005)- Significant Miocene larger foraminifera from South Central Java. Rev. Paleobiologie 24, 1, p. 291-309. (Larger forams from Gunung Sewu area M Miocene Wonosari Fm) Boudagher-Fadel, M.K. & A.R. Lord (2000)- The evolution of Lepidocyclina (L.) isolepidinoides, L. (Nephrolepidina) nephrolepidinoides, L. (N.) brouweri in the Late Oligocene-Miocene of the Far East. J. Foram. Res. 30, p. 71-76. (Re-description of the well-known evolution of Lepidocyclina (L) to Lepidocyclina (N) at Oligo-Miocene boundary in material from NE and SE Kalimantan and Nias, off Sumatra) Boudagher-Fadel, M.K., A.R. Lord & F.T. Banner (2000)- Some Miogypsinidae (foraminifera) in the Miocene of Borneo and nearby countries. Revue Paleobiol. 19, 1, p. 137-156. Boudagher-Fadel, M.K., J.J. Noad & A.R. Lord (2000)- Larger foraminifera from Late Oligocene- earliest Miocene reefal limestones of North East Borneo. Rev. Espan. Micropal. 32, 3, p. 341-362. BouDagher-Fadel, M.K. & G.D. Price (2010)- Evolution and paleogeographic distribution of the lepidocyclinids. J. Foram. Res. 40, 1, p. 79-108. Boudagher-Fadel, M.K. & M. Wilson (2000)- A revision of some larger foraminifera of the Miocene of Southeast Kalimantan. Micropaleont. 46, 2, p. 153-165. (Burdigalian- Serravallian Tf1-Tf2 larger foram assemblages from Batu Putih limestone patch reefs inland from Mahakam Delta. Lepidocyclina praedelicata described as new species.) Bronnimann, P. & J. Resig (1971)- A Neogene Globigerinacean biochronologic time-scale of the Southwestern Pacific. Init. Reports Deep Sea Drilling Proj. VII, 2, p. 1235-1469. (Extensively documented SW Pacific M Miocene- Recent planktonic foram zonation) Burckle,L.H. (1978)- Early Miocene to Pliocene diatome datum levels for the equatorial Pacific. In: Biostratigraphic Datum-Planes of the Pacific Neogene, IGCP Project 114, Proc. Second Working group meeting, 1977, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 25-44. (Over 40 Early Miocene- Pliocene diatom datum levels in Equatorial Pacific) Burckle, L.H. (1982)- Diatom biostratigraphy of Late Miocene and Pliocene sediments of eastern Java (Indonesia). Marine Micropal. 7, p. 363-368. (Late Miocene- Pliocene diatoms from Njepung section of Saint-Marc & Suminta 1979) Bursch, J.G. (1947)- Mikropalaontologische Untersuchungen des Tertiairs von Gross Kei (Molukken). Schweiz. Palaeont. Abh. 65, p. 1-69. (‘Micropaleontological investigations of the Tertiary of Kai Besar, Moluccas’) Cahuzac, B. & A. Poignant (1997)- Essai de biozonation de l’Oligo-Miocène dans les bassins européens à l’aide des grands foraminifères néritiques. Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 168, 2, p. 155-169. (Larger foram zonation of Oligocene (3 zones)- Miocene in Europe) Cahuzac, B. & L. Turpin (1999)- Stratigraphie isotopique du Strontium dans le Miocene marin du Bassin d’Aquitaine (SW France). In: Main changes in marine and terestrial Atlantic realm during the Neogene, Second Congr. RCANS, Salamanca 1997, Rev. Soc. Geol. Espana 12, 1, p. 37-56. (Sr isotope data from Aquitanian- Burdigalian stratotype areas)


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Carozzi, A.V., M.V. Reyes & V.P. Ocampo (1976)- Microfacies and microfossils of the Miocene reefs carbonates of the Philippines. Philippine Oil Development Company, Manila, Spec. Publ. 1, 80p. Caudri, C.M.B. (1932)- De foraminiferen-fauna van eenige Cycloclypeus-houdende gesteenten van Java. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, p. 171-204. ('The foraminiferal fauna from some Cycloclypeus-bearing rocks of Java'. Miocene larger forams from various isolated Java localities. Little or no stratigraphy context) Caudri, C.M.B. (1934)- Tertiary deposits of Soemba. Thesis Leiden University, 225 p. (Eocene carbonates with Pellatispira (=Sundaland; not Australia/New Guinea) unconformably overlain by Early Miocene carbonates) Caudri, C.M.B. (1939)- Lepidocyclinen von Java. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 12, p. 135-257. ('Lepidocyclinids from Java'. Descriptions of 26 Lepidocyclina species from Gerth samples from C and W Java and Madura. Many probably synonyms) Chaisson, W.P. & R.M. Leckie (1993)- High resolution Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of Site 806, Ontong Java Plateau (Western Equatorial Pacific). In:W. H.Berger et al. (eds.) Proc Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 130, College Station, Texas, p. 137-178. Chandra, B.Y. (2010)- Characterization of clastic sediment: a palynofacies approach. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-075, 7p. (General paper describing palynofacies as tool for identification of depositional environment and sequences) Chapman, F. & I. Crespin (1935)- Foraminiferal limestones of Eocene age from Northwest Division, Western Australia. Proc. Royal. Soc. Victoria 48, 1, p. 55-62. (Classic description of Late Eocene Tb larger forams from Giralia Lst, Bullara, Exmouth Gulf. Their record of occurrence of Pellatispira glabra (an Indo-Pacific species) found to be false by by Haig et al. 1997, etc.) Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1975)- Palaeoecology of Oligo-Miocene larger foraminiferida, Australia. Alcheringa 1, p. 37-58. (Eight large foram assemblages distinguished in E Miocene of W Australia North-West Cape area, each representing specific environment) Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1980)- Biometrical studies of Early Neogene larger foraminiferida from Australia and New Zealand. Alcheringa 4, p. 153-181. (Quantitative studies of latest Oligocene- M Miocene Lepidocyclina, Cycloclypeus, Miogypsina) Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1980)- Influence of plate tectonics on the distribution of Late Palaeogene to Early Neogene larger foraminiferids in the Australasian region. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 31, p. 299-317. (Paleogeographic distribution of Oligocene-Miocene larger forams in SE Asia- Australia. Cycloclypeus, Miogypsina and Lepidocyclina invaded Australasian region in M Oligocene) Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1980)- Biometrical studies of Early Neogene larger foraminiferida from Australia and New Zealand. Alcheringa 4, p. 153-181. Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1980)- Late Oligocene to Early Miocene planktic foraminiferida from Ashmore Reef No. 1 well, Northwest Australia. Alcheringa 5, p. 103-131. (N3-N6 planktonic foram zonation in ~750- 1250m interval of Ashmore Reef 1 well) Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1981)- Australasian mid-Tertiary larger foraminiferal associations and their bearing on the East Indian Letter Classification. BMR J. Aust. Geol. Geoph. 6, p. 145-151. (Eight Latest Oligocene- Middle Miocene larger foram associations in Cape Range, NW Australia. No Spiroclypeus or Eulepidina observed)


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Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1983)- Tertiary larger foraminiferids from the northwestern margin of the Queensland Plateau, Australia. Paleontological papers 1983, Bur. Miner. Res., Geol. Geoph. (Aust.), Bull. 217, p. 31-57. (M Eocene Ta3 with Asterocyclina and Latest Oligocene- E Miocene (around Lower Te/ upper Te boundary) larger foram assemblages in dredge samples from~1500-2500m water depth on Queensland Plateau, off Great Barrier Reef, NE Australia) Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1984)- Oligocene and Miocene larger foraminiferida from Australia and New Zealand. Bull. Bur. Miner. Res., Geol. Geoph., Canberra, 188, p. 1-98. Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1984)- The Neogene larger foraminiferal sequence in the Australian and New Zealand regions and its relevance to the East Indies Letter Stage classification. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 46, p. 25-35. (Neogene larger foraminifera in N Australia range from Late Oligocene-earliest M Miocene, in S Australia restricted to late E Miocene. Longer range in New Zealand: Late Oligocene- mid-M Miocene) Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1994)- Middle and Late Eocene larger foraminifers from Site 841 (Tongan Platform). In: J. Hawkins et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 135, p. 231-243. (Occurrence of Eocene Nummulites, Discocyclina, Spiroclypeus in ODP Hole 841B, NE of New Zealand. Also with Pellatispira, reworked in Upper Miocene) Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1994)- Middle and Late Eocene, Neogene and Quaternary foraminiferal faunas from Eua and Vavau islands, Tonga Group. In: A.J. Stevenson et al. (eds.) Geology and submarine resources of the Tonga-Lau-Fiji region. SOPAC Techn. Bull. 8, p. 21-44. (Two larger foram assemblages in Eocene limestones on Eua Island, Tonga, one without Pellatispira and with late M Eocene Zone P14 planktic fauna (letter stage Ta3), and one with Pellatispira and latest Eocene Zone P17 planktic fauna (Tb)) Chaproniere, G.C.H. & C. Betzler (1993)- Larger foramineral biostratigraphy of Sites 815, 816, and 826, Leg 133, northeastern Australia. In: J.A. McKenzie et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 133, p. 39-49. (Marion Plateau large carbonate platform off NE Queensland. Shallow water carbonates of early M Miocene (N9-N12) age (lower Tf stage). Coralline algae and Halimeda are the major bioclasts) Chatterji, A.K. (1964)- The Tertiary fauna of Andamans. Repts. 22nd Sess. Int. Geol. Congr., India 1964, VIII, sect. 8, p. 303-328. (Paleocene-Recent sequence, including Eocene-Miocene larger forams) Choiriah, S.U. (1999)- Paleoclimatic interpretation using calcareous nannoplankton, Solo River Ngawi area, Indonesia. Abstract, AAPG Foundation Grants-in-Aid Recipients 1999, AAPG Bull. 83, 11 p. 1896. (Late Miocene to M Pleistocene of Kendeng zone analyzed, showing climate changes in nannoplankton. Twelve alternating warm and cold zones found. Two zones (Zone 1 and 2) of the Kerek Formation are the warm zone and cold zone of lower NN12 and NN12-NN13 respectively. Kalibeng Formation subdivided into eight zones: transitional zone (Zone 3; age of NN13-NN14), Zone 4 warm (NN14-NN15), Zone 5 (cold,, NN15), Zone 6 (warm, NN16), Zone 7 (cold zone, NN16), Zone 8 (warm, NN16), Zone 9 (transitional, NN16), and Zone 10 (warm, NN16-NN18). Last two zones belong to Klitik Formation: zone 11 cold, NN18, whilst zone 12 zone two warm zones, 12a & 12b, NN19 and NN20, with a barren zone between 12a and 12b) Choiriah, S.U., B. Prastistho, R.E.J. Kurniawan & Surono (2006)- Foraminifera besar pada satuan batugamping formasi Wungkal- Gamping daerah Sekarbolo, Jiwo Barat Bayat, Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Proc. 35th Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Pekanbaru, 16p. ('Larger foraminifera in the Wungkal- Gamping limestones in the Sekarbolo area, West Jiwo Bayat, Klaten, C Java')


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Clarke, W.J. & W.H. Blow (1969)- The inter-relationship of some Late Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene larger foraminifera and plankton biostratigraphic indices. In: P. Bronnimann & H.H. Renz (eds.) Proc. First Int. Conf. Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva 1967, Brill, Leiden, 2, p. 82-97. (One of first papers calibrating the Eocene- Recent larger and planktonic foraminifera zonations, which are rarely found together due to different facies. Includes section on records of Miogypsinidae in Indonesia (W Java, Sumatra)) Cole, W.S. (1939)- Larger foraminifera from Guam. J. Paleont. 13, 2, p. 183-189. Cole, W.S. (1945)- Larger foraminifera of Lau, Fiji. In: H.S. Ladd & J.E. Hoffmeister (eds.) Geology of Lau, Fiji. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 181, p. 272-297. Cole, W.S. (1950)- Larger foraminifera from the Palau Islands. US Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 221-B, p. 21-31. Cole, W.S. (1953)- Geology and larger Foraminifera of Saipan Island. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 253, p. 145. Cole, W.S. (1954)- Larger Foraminifera and smaller diagnostic Foraminifera from Bikini drill holes. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 260-O, p. 569-608. Cole, W.S. (1957)- Larger Foraminifera from Saipan Island. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 280-I, p. 321-360. (Eocene Tb (with Pellatispira/ Nummulites/ Asterocyclina, etc.), Late Oligocene Lower Te, Early Miocne Upper Te and Pleistocene larger foram assemblages) Cole, W.S. (1958)- Larger foraminifera from Eniwetok Atoll drill holes. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 260-V, p. 743-784. Cole, W.S. (1960)- Upper Eocene and Oligocene larger foraminifera from Viti Levu, Fiji. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 374-A, p. 1-7. Cole, W.S. (1960)- Problems of the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of certain Tertiary larger foraminifera. In: Hanzawa Memorial Volume, Sci. Repts. Tohoku Univ., ser. 2 (Geol.), Spec. Vol. 4, p. 9-18. Cole, W.S. (1963)- Tertiary larger foraminifera from Guam. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 403-E, p. 1-28. Cole, W.S. (1969) Larger foraminifera from deep sea drill holes on Midway Atoll. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 680-C, p. 1-15. (mainly Early Miocene larger forams) Cole, W.S. (1970)- Larger foraminifera of Late Eocene age from Eua, Tonga. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 640-B, p. 1-17. (Eocene sample with Pellatispira, Discocycclina, Nummulites, Asterocyclina, Spiroclypeus, etc., E side of Eua Island, Tonga) Cole, W.S. (1975)- Concordant age determinations by larger and planktonic foraminifera in the Tertiary of the Indo-Pacific region. J. Foram. Res., 5, p. 21-39. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/5/1/21.full.pdf ) (Good agreement in age determinations based on larger and planktoic foraminifera from 5 widely separated localities: (1) Sentolo Fm, C Java late E Miocene Lower Tf LBF and Globigerinoides sicanus-Globigerinatella insueta (N8) planktonic foram zone; (2,3) Larat (Moluccas) and Solomon Islands: early E Miocene Te LBF zone and Globigerinita dissimilis zone planktonics, etc.) Cole, W.S. & J. Bridge (1953)- Geology and larger foraminifera of Saipan Island. US Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 253, p. 1-45.


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Cole, W.S. & J. Bridge (1969)- Larger foraminifera from deep drill holes of Midway Atoll. US Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 680-C, p.1-15. Cole, W.S., R. Tod & C.G. Johnson (1960)- Conflicting age determinations suggested by Foraminifera on Yap, Caroline Islands.Bull. Amer. Paleontology 411, 186, p. 77-112. Coleman, P. (1963)- Tertiary larger Foraminifera of the British Solomon Islands, Southern Pacific. Micropaleontology 9, p. 1-38. (Three Tertiary larger foraminifera assemblages on Solomon islands: Aquitanian, Burdigalian and Pliocene Recent ) Coleman, P.J. (1978)- Reflections on outer Melanesian Tertiary larger foraminifera. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geophys. 192 (Crespin Volume), p. 31-36. (Four main Tertiary larger foraminifera assemblages between N coast New Guinea and Fiji: Late Eocene, Late Oligocene- E Miocene, E-M Miocene and Late Miocene) Coleman, P. & R.A. MacTavish (1964)- Association of larger and lanktonic foraminifera in single samples from Middle Miocene sediments, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, Southwest Pacific. Royal Soc. Western Australia 47, 1, p. 13-24. Coleman, P. & R.A. MacTavish (1967)- Association of Early Miocene Planktonic and larger foraminifera from the Solomon Islands, Southwest Pacific: Austral. J.. Sci. 29, 10, p. 373-374. Conesa, G.A.R., E. Favre, P. Munch, H. Dalmasso & C. Chaix (2005)- Biosedimentary and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Southern Marion Platform from the Middle to Late Miocene (northeast Australia, ODP Leg 194, Sites 1196 and 1199). In: F.S. Anselmetti et al. (eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Res., 194, p. 1-38 (Online at //wwwodp.tamu.edu/ publications/194_SR/ ) Cosico, R., F. Gramann & H. Porth (1989)- Larger foraminifera from the Visayan basin and adjacent areas of the Philippines (Eocene through Miocene). In: H. Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) (1989)- On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines. Geol. Jahrbuch B70, p. 147-205. (Occ. Eocene Pellatispira-Discocylina-Alveolina, E Oligocene Nummulites fichteli, common Late Oligocene- M Miocene/ Te- Lower Tf) Crespin, I. (1936)- The larger foraminifera of the Lower Miocene of Victoria. Palaeontological Bull. 2, p. 3-15. (occ. Lepidocyclina (incl. stellate forms), Cycloclypeus, Austrotrillina howchini. No Miogypsina; no thin sections) Crespin, I. (1938)- The occurrence of Lacazina and Biplanispira in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. Commonwealth Australia, Palaeont. Bull. 3, p. 3-8. (Limestone near Chimbu aerodrome in PNG is rich in Eocene Lacazina and also rare Biplanispira. These genera not normally found associated, but Biplanispira was not seen in these rocks by Bain & Binnekamp 1973) Crespin, I. (1938)- A lower Miocene limestone from the Ok Ti River, Papua. Commonwealth Australia, Palaeont. Bull. 3, p. 9-12. (Assemblage of Heterostegina borneensis, Borelis pygmaeus and Eulepidina, virtually identical to W Java basal Rajamandala Limestone (= Te1, Late Oligocene) Crespin, I. (1950)- Australian Tertiary microfaunas and their relationships to assemblages elsewhere in the Pacific Region. J. Paleont. 24, p. 421-429. Crespin, I. (1952)- Two species of Lepidocyclina from Cape Range, NW Australia. Cushman Found. Foram. Res. 3, 1, p. 28-32.


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(Description of Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) badjirraensis and L. (E.) manduensis from Mandu calcarenite, Carnarvon Basin, NW Australia) Crespin, I. (1958)- Microfossils in Australian and New Guinea stratigraphy. Proc. Royal Soc. New South Wales 92, p. 133-147. Crespin, I. (1961)- Foraminiferal rocks from the Nassau Range, Netherlands New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Record 1961/104, p. (Unpublished BMR, Canberra, report) (Eocene limestone with ‘Australian’ Lacazinella and E Miocene limestone with reworked ‘Pacific/ Asian’ Eocene Pellatispira-Biplanispira. Marls from Ilaga valley with early Miocene planktonic forams) Crespin, I. (1962)- Lacazinella, a new genus of trematophore Foraminifera. Micropaleont. 8, p. 337-342. (New genus name for Lacazina wichmanni from Upper Eocene limestone near Chimbu aerodrome in PNG) Crotty, K.J. & D.W.Engelhardt (1993)- Larger foraminifera and palynomorphs of the upper Malawa and lower Tonasa Formations, southwestern Sulawesi Island. In: T. Thanasuthipitak, (ed.) Symposium on Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, Chiang Mai, Thailand, p. 71-82. De Beaufort, L.F. (1931)- Pisces, Reptilia and Aves. In: In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5 (K. Martin memorial volume), p. 461-470. (Summary of fossil fish, reptiles and birds known from Indonesia) De Neve, G.A. (1946)- Micropaleontological retrospect-prospects in the Netherlands East Indies. Natuurwet. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 102, p. 139-142. De Neve, G.A. (1947)- A new Archaias species from East Borneo. Bull. Bur. Mines and Geol. Surv. Indonesia B1, 1, p. 13-16. (New larger foraminifer species Archaias vandervlerki from Miocene Poelobalang beds, Bengalan river region, E Kalimantan) Deprat, J. (1909)- Sur la presence de Pellatispira dans l’Eocene de Nouvelle Caledonie. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 4, 9, p. 288- 289. (Very short note reporting the presence of Pellatispira, Discocyclina and Nummulites in the Eocene of New Caledonia’) Djamas, Y.S. & E. Marks (1978)- Early Neogene foraminiferal biohorizons in E. Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: S. Wiryosujono & E. Marks (eds.) Proc. 2nd Working Group Mtg. Biostratigraphic datum-planes of the Pacific Neogene IGCP Project 114, Geol. Res.Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 111-124. (S Mangkalihat- N Kutai material allows some larger and planktonic foram zone calibrations:Late Oligocene N2-N3 correlates with Te1-4, Early Miocene N4-N5 zones correlate with Te5) Doeglas, D.J. (1931)- Ostrakoden von N.O.-Borneo. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indië 17, p. 25-54. (Oligocene- Pliocene ostracodes from Leupold rock collection from NE Borneo) Dollfus, G.F. (1908)- Sur quelques polypiers fossiles des Indes neerlandaises. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 37 (Verbeek Moluccas Report), p. 676-686. ('On some fossil corals from the Netherlands Indies'. Brief description of five Late Tertiary corals collected by Verbeek from C Timor, E Seram and Daweloo island near Babar) Donovan, S.K., W. Renema, C.A. Pinnington & C.J. Veltkamp (2012)- Significance of diadematid echinoid ossicles in micropalaeontological samples, Miocene-Pliocene of Indonesia. Alcheringa 36, 1, p. 99-105. (On fragments of diadematoid echinoids from Miocene-Pliocene of Java, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. First report of such fossils from Neogene of the region)


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Doornink, H.W. (1932)- Tertiary Nummulitidae from Java. Verhand. Geol-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Ned. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, 4, p. 267-316. (M Eocene- E Oligocene Nummulites from Gerth Java collections. No locality maps, stratigraphy) Douville, H. (1905)- Les Foraminiferes dans le Tertiaire de Borneo. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 4, 5, p. 435464. ('The foraminifera in the Tertiary of Borneo'. M Eocene- Miocene larger forams from SE Kalimantan, collected by Buxtorf. Description of Spiroclypeus new genus and two species. No locality maps) Douville, H. (1911)- Les foraminiferes dans le Tertiaire des Philippines. Philippine J. Sci. 6, p. 53-80. ('The foraminifera in the Tertiary of the Philippines'. Larger foraminifera from samples collected by M. Warren D. Smith. Mainly Miocene Lepidocyclina species, also small Oligocene Nummulites) Douville, H. (1912)- Les foraminiferes de l’Ile de Nias. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, 1, 8, 5, p. 253-278. (Nias samples with Middle Eocene (Nummulites, Discocyclina, Assilina) and Early Miocene (Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina and Nepholepidina)) larger forams. No locality maps or stratigraphy) Douville, H. (1912)- Quelques foraminiferes de Java. Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, 1, 8, 5, p. 279-294. (‘Some foraminifera from Java’. Eocene from Kali Poeroe, Nanggulan, with well-preserved Nummulites, Discocyclina) Douville, H. (1916)- Les foraminiferes des couches de Rembang. Samml. Geol. ReichsMus. Leiden 10, p. 1935. (NE Java Miocene Rembang Beds with Cycloclypeus annulatus, Lepidocyclina, Flosculinella bontangensis) Douville, H. (1923)- Sur quelques foraminifères des Moluques orientales et de la Nouvelle Guinee. Jaarboek Mijnwezen 50 (1921), Verhand. 2, p. 107-116. (Brief description of Eocene larger forams in samples collected by Brouwer: Halmahera (Nummulites, Discocyclina, Alveolina), Roti (247; large Nummulites, Discocyclina), Ceram (Early Miocene Lepidocyclina in breccia with reworked angular clasts of Upper Cretaceous pelagic limestone), New Guinea, Kai Besar (rounded fragments of Eocene Lacazina in quartz sandstone, etc.) Douville, H. (1924)- Revision des Lepidocyclines. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, N.S., 2, p. 5-49 and (1925) part 2, p. 51-123. (Revision of lepidocyclinid Tertiary larger foraminifera, including material from various parts of Indonesia) Drobne, K. & V. Cosovic (2009)- Palaeobiogeography of the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene larger miliolids from tropical to subtropical sea belts (Neotethys to Caribbean). Bull. Soc. Geol. France. 180, 4, p. 317-331. (Paleobiogeographic distribution of 7 genera/ 47 species of Coniacian- Oligocene larger miliolids. Four biogeographic regions for Eocene: 1) Caribbean, 2) "European" Neotethys, 3) N African Neotethys and 4) Indo-Pacific, corresponding to circum-global Eocene current ocean system and surface T gradient along tropical-subtropical paleolatitudes. Tendency to endemism in Fabulariids in Caribbean in M-U Eocene, and for Lacazinella in M and L Eocene to Oligocene in New Guinea and Molucca regions) Drobne K. & L. Hottinger (2004)- Larger miliolid Foraminifera in time and space. Bull. T. CXXVIII Acad. Serbe Sci. Arts, 42, p. 83-99. Drooger, C.W. (1951)- Notes on some representatives of Miogypsinella. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B54, 4, p. 357-365. (Miogypsinella used for primitive miogypsinids with simple, non-lamellar lateral walls. Miogypsinella bermudezi n.sp. from Cuba with 15-19 spiral chambers) Drooger, C.W. (1952)- Study of American Miogypsinidae. Ph.D. Thesis University of Utrecht, 80 p.


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Drooger, C.W. (1953)- Some Indonesian Miogysininae. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B56, 1, p. 104123. (Revision of eight miogypsinid species described from Indonesia, four considered valid. Miogypsinlla Hanzawa is synonym of Miogypsinoides Yabe and Hanzawa) Drooger, C.W. (1954)- Miogypsina in Northwestern Morocco. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B57, 5, p. 580-591. (Mixed assemblages of Oligo-Miocene miogypsinids suggesting reworking, etc.) Drooger, C.W. (1955)- Remarks on Cycloclypeus. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B58, p. 415-433. (Measurements on Cycloclypeus eidae from Tf1/ Burdigalian of E Borneo, 40 km N of Balikpapan. No predominance of Tan Sin Hok’s 1932 ‘elementary species’ found; samples represent single populations) Drooger, C.W. (1963)- Evolutionary trends in the Miogypsinidae. In: R. von Koenigswald (ed.) Evolutionary trends in foraminifera, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 315-349. Drooger, C.W. (1984)- Evolutionary patterns in lineages of orbitoidal foraminifera. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., ser. B, 87, p. 103-130. Drooger, C.W. (1993)- Radial foraminifera; morphometrics and evolution. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Natuurkunde, I, 41, p. 1-242. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011102.pdf) (Overview of evlution of Cretaceous and Tertiary larger foraminifera) Drooger, C.W. & E.J. Rohling (1988)- Lepidocyclina migration across the Atlantic. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B, 91, p. 39-52. Eames, F.E. (1970)- Some thoughts on the Neogene/ Palaeogene boundary. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 8, p. 37-48. Eames, F.E., F.T. Banner, W.H. Blow & W.J. Clarke (1962)- Fundamentals of mid-Tertiary stratigraphical correlation. Cambridge University Press, 163 p. (Classic study on relations between mid-Tertiary larger foram and planktonic foram zonations) Eames, F.E., F.T. Banner, W.H. Blow, W.J. Clarke & A.H. Smout (1962)- Morphology, taxonomy, and stratigraphy of the Lepidocyclininae. Micropaleontology 8, 3, 289-322. Engelhart, S.E., B.P. Horton, D.H. Roberts, C.L. Bryant & D.R. Corbett (2007)- Mangrove pollen of Indonesia and its suitability as a sea-level indicator. Marine Geol. 242, p. 65-81. (SE Sulawesi mangrove zonations parallel to shoreline and dominated by Rhizophoraceae, with Avicennia, Heritiera and Sonneratia also important. Elevation significant control on distribution of pollen assemblages) Fleury, J.J., G. Bignot, A. Blondeau & A. Poignant (1985)- Biogeographie de foraminifers benthiques tethysiens du Senonien a l’Eocene superieur. Bull. Soc. Geol. France (8) 1, 5, p. 757-770. (Global distributions of Tethyan Eocene larger foram assemblages) Fornasiero M. (1996)- Mathematical model in benthic paleobiogeography for the Indonesian Tethyan and Posttethyan molluscs. Ann. Mus. Civ. Rovereto 11 (1995), p. 375-386. Frost, A. (1925)- Description of fish otoliths from the Tertiary formations of Atcheen, North Sumatra. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 2, p. 1-28. (37 species of fish otoliths from Neogene of oil field terrains of N Sumatra. Appear to be of limited biostratigraphic value)


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Germeraad, J.H., C.A. Hopping & J. Muller (1968)- Palynology of Tertiary sediments from tropical areas. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 6, p. 189-348. (Classic paper on tropical Tertiary palynology by Shell on sections from Venezuela, Nigeria and Borneo) Gerth, H. (1922)- Echinodermata. In: K. Martin, Die Fossilien von Java. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 2, p. 497-520. (Echinoderm chapter in Martin's Fossils of Java volume) Gerth, H. (1923)- Die Anthozoenfauna des Jungtertiars von Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 10, 3, p. 37-136. ('The coral fauna of the Late Tertiary of Borneo'. Descriptions of ~120 species of Miocene- Pliocene coral from 52 localities in E Kalimantan and Sabah, from museum collections in Leiden, Utrecht, Basel, etc.) Gerth, H. (1925)- Jungtertiare Korallen von Nias, Java und Borneo, nebst einer Uebersicht uber die aus dem Kainozoikum des Indischen Archipels bekannten Arten. Leidsche Geol Meded. 1, 1, p. 22-82. (‘Late Tertiary corals from Nias, Java and Borneo, with an overview of the Cenozoic species known from the Indies Archipelago'. Includes descriptions of corals from N Nias, Tegal residency of C Java and E Kalimantan) Gerth, H. (1929)- The stratigraphical distribution of the larger foraminifera in the Tertiary of Java. Proc. 4th Pacific Sci. Congr., IIB, p. 591-599. (Short paper with larger foram distribution table; not much new) Gerth, H. (1931)- Coelenterata. In: Onze palaeontologische kennis van Nederlandsch Oost Indie, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5 (Feestbundel K. Martin), p.120-151. (Overview of coral species and occurrences Indonesia: Devonian (New Guinea), Carboniferous (Sumatra), Permian (Timor mostly endemic solitary species), Triassic (Timor, Ceram, Misool, Sumatra), JurassicCretaceous (very rare; Sumatra only), Tertiary (rel. widespread)) Gerth, H. (1933)- Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Korallenfauna des Tertiars von Java. I. Die Korallen des Eocaen und des alteren Neogen. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Ind., Wetensch. Meded. 25, 45 p. ('New contributions to the knowledge of the coral faunas of the Tertiary of Java- 1'. Descriptions of EoceneMiocene corals from Java. Little or no (bio-)stratigraphy) Gerth, H. (1935)- The distribution and evolution of the larger foraminifera in the Tertiary sediments. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 38, 4, p. 455-460. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016716.pdf) (Table of Eocene- Miocene larger foram zonation on Java and comparisons with India, Europe and Americas) Geyler, H.Th. (1875-1878)- Ueber fossile Pflanzen von Borneo. Palaeontographica Suppl. III, p. 61-84. ('On fossil plants from Borneo'. Early paper on Eocene plant fossils from SE Kalimantan, collected by Verbeek) Ghose, B.K. (1972)- The morphology of Pellatispira glabra with comments on the taxonomy, distribution and evolution of the genus. Rev. Micropal. 15, 3, p. 149-162. (Monograph on Late Eocene Indo-Pacific larger foram Pellatispira. Erroneously accepts record of P. glabra in NW Australia by Chapman & Crespin (1935)) Ghose, B.K. (1977)- Paleoecology of the Cenozoic reefal foraminifers and algae- a brief review. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 22, p. 231-256. Ghosh, M. & P.K. Saraswati (2002)- Biostratigraphic reliability of the grade of enclosure of Neogene Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina). Indian J. Petrol. Geol. 11, 2, p. 85-92.


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(Grade of enclosure of protoconch by deuteroconch good estimate of relative age, but rel. high variation within sample requires statistically sufficient number of measurements. Calibrations may be different for different biogeographic provinces) Glaessner, M.F. (1939)- Field guide to the study of larger foraminifera. Australasian Petrol. Co. Ltd., 17 p. (Larger foraminifera manual for field geologists to help identify in field with handlens) Glaessner, M.F. (1943)- Problems of stratigraphic correlation in the Indo-Pacific Region. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria, n.s. 55, 1, p. 41-80. Glaessner, M.F. (1959)- Tertiary stratigraphic correlation in the Indo-Pacific region and Australia. J. Geol. Soc. India 1, p. 53-67. (Correlation of local Tertiary biozonations of India, Indonesia, New Zealand and Australia, largely based on larger foraminifera) Glaessner, M.F. & M. Wade (1956)- The foraminiferal genus Lepidocyclina in South Australia. Austral. J. Sci. 18, 6, p. 200Govindan, A. (2003)- Tertiary Larger Foraminifera in Indian Basins: a tie up with standard planktic zones and 'Letter Stages'. In: P. Kundal (ed.) Proc. XVIII Indian Colloq. Micropal. Strat., Nagpur, Gondwana Geol. Soc., Spec. Vol. 6, p. 45-78. Gramann, F. (1975)- Ostracoda from Tertiary sediments of Burma with reference to living species. Geol. Jahrb. 14, p. 1-46. Grimsdale, T.F. (1952)- Cretaceous and Tertiary Foraminifera from the Middle East. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) (Geol.), 1, 8, p. 221- 248. Grindrod, J. (1988)- The palynology of Holocene mangrove and saltmarsh sediments, particularly in Northern Australia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 55, p. 229-245. Guha, D, K. (1968)- On the Ostracoda from Neogene of Andaman Islands. J. Geol. Soc. India 9, 1, p. 58-66. Haak, R. & J.A. Postuma (1975)- The relation between the tropical planktonic foraminiferal zonation and the Tertiary Far East Letter Classification. Geol. Mijnbouw 54, 3-4, p. 195-198. (Calibration between Tertiary planktonic foram zones and larger foram ‘E Indies Letter Classification’ by Shell micropaleontologists) Haig, D.W. (1982)- Deep-sea foraminifera from Paleocene sediments, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. J. Foram. Res. 12, 4, p. 287-279. (Tropical Paleocene (P1-P7) planktonic foram assemblages from lower bathyal calcareous mudstones in highly folded ‘Port Moresby Beds’; no stratigraphic section, little geologic context) Haig, D.W. & R.C.B. Perembo (1987)- Foraminifera as Neogene stratigraphic guides for Papua New Guinea. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea. Proc. 1st PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby 1990, p. 381-395. (Top Te calibrated at ~N6) Haig, D.W., M. Smith & M.C. Apthorpe (1997)- Middle Eocene Foraminifera from the type Giralia calcarenite, Gasgoyne Platform, southern Carnarvon Basin, western Australia. Alcheringa, 21, p. 229-245. (Eocene larger foram assemblage from NW Australia; not including Pellatispira) Hallock, P. & E.C. Glenn (1986)- Larger foraminifera: a tool for paleoenvironmental analysis of Cenozoic carbonate depositinal facies. Palaios 1, p. 55-64.


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(Modern larger foram facies distribution and Philippines Miocene comparison) Hallock, P., K. Sheps, G. Chaproniere & M. Howell (2006)- Larger benthic foraminifers of the Marion Plateau, northeastern Australia (ODP Leg 194): comparison of faunas from bryozoan (Sites 1193 and 1194) and red algal (Sites 1196–1198) dominated carbonate platforms. In: F.S. Anselmetti et al. (eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 194, p. 1-31. Hanzawa, S. (1930)- Note on foraminifera found in the Lepidocyclina-limestone from Pabeasan, Java. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Univ., ser 2 (Geol.), 14, 1, p. 85-96. (Late Oligocene larger forams collected by Yabe in 1929 from limestone cliff at N foot of Pasir Pabeasan, W of Tagogapu, W Java: Lepidocyclina (N), Eulepidina, Heterostegina borneensis, Borelis pygmaea n.sp.. This assemblage, with absence of Spiroclypeus and Miogypsinoides suggestive of Te1/ Early Chattian ?) Hanzawa, S. (1931) - Notes on some Eocene foraminifera found in Taiwan (Formosa), with remarks on the age of the Hori Slate Formation and crystalline schists. Science Repts. Tohoku Imperial University, Second Series (Geology), 12, 2, p. 171-194. Hanzawa, S. (1947)- Note on Lacazina wichmanni Schlumberger from New Guinea. Recent Progress of Natural Sciences in Japan, Japanese J. Geol. Geogr., 20, 2-4, p.1-4. (Descriptions of Eocene Lacazina wichmanni from subsurface limestone of Birds Head region, New Guinea) Hanzawa, S. (1947)- Eocene Foraminifera from Haha-Jima (Hillsborough Island). J. Paleont. 21, 3, p. 254-259. (Haha-jima entirely formed of Eocene rocks. Uppermost horizon Priabonian limestone with Biplanispira. Underlying Lutetian friable rock with Nummulites boninensis n.sp. in lower half, Aktinocyclina predominant in upper half, Alveolina javanus var. and Eorupertia boninensis persist throughout Lutetian) Hanzawa, S. (1957)- Cenozoic foraminifera from Micronesia. Geol. Soc. America Mem. 66, 163p. Hanzawa, S. (1961)- Facies and micro-organisms of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments of Japan and her adjacent islands. Brill, Leiden, 420p. Hanzawa, S. (1964)- The phylomorphogesis of the Tertiary foraminiferal families Lepidocyclinidae and Miogypsinidae. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd ser. (Geol.), 35, 3, p. 295-318. (Online at http://ir.library.tohoku.ac.jp/re/bitstream/10097/28776/1/KJ00004219393.pdf) Hanzawa, S. (1965)- The ontogeny and evolution of larger foraminifera. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd ser. (Geol.), 36, 2, p. 239-256. Hanzawa, S. (1965)- Notes on some Discocyclinid and Nummulitid foraminifera from Java and Saipan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd ser. (Geol.), 37, 1, p. 41-47. (Restudy of Discocyclina spp and Nummulites acutus from Nanggulan and Jiwo Hills, Java) Harsono, P. (1968)- On the age of the Sentolo Formation based on planktonic foraminifera. Bandung Inst. Techn., Dept. Geol. Contr. 64, p. 5-21. (Sentolo Fm overlying ‘Old Andesites’ in W Progo Mts are Burdigalian- Pliocene in age) Harsono Pringgoprawiro (1983)- Biostratigrafi dan paleogeografi cekungan Java Timur Utara suatu pendekatan baru. Unpubl. Doct. Thesis Inst. Techn. Bandung, 239 p. (NE Java basin biostratigraphy and paleogeography) Harsono Pringgoprawiro & Baharuddin (1980)- Biostratigrafi foraminifera plankton dan beberapa bidang pengenal kenozoikum akhir dari sumur Tobo, Cepu, Jawa Timur. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 7, p. 21-31.


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Harsono Pringgoprawiro, N. Soeharsono & F.X. Sujanto (1977)- Subsurface Neogene planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy of North-West Java Basin. Proc. 2nd Working Group Mtg. Biostratigraphic datum-planes of the Pacific Neogene, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 125-165. (Miocene- Pliocene planktonic foram zonation, based on 7 Pertamina wells in NW Java) Harsono Pringgoprawiro, D. Kadar & S.K. Skwarko (1998)- Foraminifera in Indonesian stratigraphy. Vol.1: Biostratigraphy Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung 283p. (Limited edition compilaton; reviewed by W.A. Berggren, Micropaleontology 44, 2, p. 213-214) Harsono Pringgoprawiro, D. Kadar & S.K. Skwarko (1998)- Foraminifera in Indonesian stratigraphy. Vol.2: Cenozoic benthonic foraminifera. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 824p. Hartono, H.M.S. (1960)- Hantkenina in the Nanggulan area. Direktorat Geologi Indonesia. Publikasi Teknik, Seri Paleontologi 1, p. 1-8. (First record from Java of of Late Eocene planktonic foram Hantkenina from shallow corehole along Kali Progo, 6 km N of Nanggulan, W of Yogyakarta. Associated with larger forams Nummulites Discocyclina, Pellatispira) Hartono, H.M.S. (1969)- Globigerina marls and their planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene of Nanggulan, Central Java. Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res. 20, 4, p. 152-159. (Eocene planktonic foraminifera from Eocene of Nanggulan, C Java, including new speies of Hantkenina) Hashimoto, W. (1975)- Larger Foraminifera from the Philippines. Part IV. Larger Foraminifera from the Mountain Province. Contr. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 169, p. 127-139. Hashimoto, W. (1981)- Geologic development of the Philippines. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 22, p. 83-170. Hashimoto, W. & G.R. Balce (1975)- A new correlation scheme for the Philippine Cenozoic formations. Proc. 1st Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene stratigraphy, Tokyo 1976, p. 119-132. (Larger foram range chart and Philippines formations correlation table) Hashimoto, W., N. Kitamura, G.R. Balce, K. Matsumara, K. Kurihara & E.Z. Aliate (1979)- Larger foraminifera from the philippines. X. Stratigraphic and faunal breaks between the Maybangain and Kinabuan Formations in the Tanay region. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 20, p. 143- 157. (Eleven Eocene species) Hashimoto, W., K. Kurihara & F. Masuda (1973)- A study of reticulate Nummulites from Kalimantan Selatan (South Borneo), Indonesia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 13, Tokyo Univ. Press, p. 73-90. (Biometric study of Early Oligocene reticulate species of larger foram genus Nummulites from two localities in Barito Basin: ‘Masoekoe Limestone’ at N end of Tanjung anticline and from ‘Tunggul Baru Fm’ along Riam Kawa River S of Pengaron. Large microspheric forms previously described as N. intermedius, megalospheric forms are of Nummulites fichteli type) Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1973)- Nephrolepidina parva Oppenoorth from the Dahor area, Tandjung, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 11, p. 129-136. Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. VIII. Larger foraminifera from Central Samar. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 19, p. 81-88.


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Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. IX. Larger foraminifera found from the Zigzag limestone, south of Boguio, Benguest, Luzon, Philippines. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.), Geol. Palaeont. South East Asia,Tokyo Univ. Press, 19, p. Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1981)- Larger foraminifera from Sabah, Malaysia, 1, Larger foraminifera from the Kudat Peninsula, the Gomanton Area, and the Semporna Peninsula. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 22, p. 49-54. Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1984)- Mesozoic and Cenozoic larger foraminifera of the Philippines and a references to those found from Borneo by the APRSA’s paleontological reconnaissance. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 25, p. 147-166. Hashimoto, W., K. Matsumaru & K. Kurihara (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. VI. Larger foraminifera found from the Pinugay Hill Limestone, Tanay, Rizal, Central Luzon. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 19, p. 65-72. (Cosico et al 1989: occ. Late Cretaceous Lepidorbitoides, Omphalocyclus and Paleocene Ranikothalia, Distichoplax, Assilina on Luzon) Hashimoto, W., K. Matsumaru & K. Kurihara, P.P. David & G.R. Rice (1977)- Larger foraminiferal assemblages useful for the correlation of Cenozoic marine sediments in the mobile belt of the Philippines. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 19, p. 103123. (Distribution of 137 Paleocene- Miocene genera-species and correlation with planktonic foram zones) Hashimoto, W., K. Matsumaru & M. Sugaya (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. XI. On the Coal Harbor Limestone, Cagraray Island, Batan Island group, Albay Province. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.), Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia, Tokyo Univ. Press, 22, p. 55-62. (Five species from U. Oligocene- M Miocene) Hasibuan, F. (2004)- Biostratigrafi Kenozoikum moluska di Jawa, Indonesia. In: Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bandung, Spec. Publ. 30, p. 71-86. (Review of Eocene- Pliocene mollusc biostratigraphy of Java. With extensive reference list) Hayward, B.W. & M.A. Buzas (1979)- Taxonomy and paleoecology of Early Miocene benthic foraminifera of northern New Zealand and the North Tasman Sea. Smithsonian Contr. Paleobiol. 36, p. 1-154. (online at: http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Paleobiology/pdf_lo/SCtP-0036.pdf) Henrici, H. (1934)- Foraminiferen aus dem Eozan und Altmiozan von Timor. In: J. Wanner (ed.) Beitrage zur Geologie von Niederlandisch-Indien, Palaeontographica Suppl. IV, 1, p. 1-56. ('Foraminifera from the Eocene and Early Miocene of Timor'. Eocene Nummulites, Discocyclina, alveolinids and Pellatispira and Early Miocene larger forams from W and E Timor) Highton, P.J.C., A. Racey, M.I. Wakefield et al. (1997)- Quantitative biostratigraphy: an example from the Neogene of the Gulf of Thailand. In: Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of southeast Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok 1997, p. 563- 585. (online at http://library.dmr.go.th/library/7657.pdf) (Gulf of Thailand Eocene?- Recent intracratonic basin with up to 8000m Neogene section in mainly non-marine facies. Biostrat zonation mainly based on palynology. Existing zonations can be refined by quantitative analysis of biostrat data. Late M Miocene Unconformity (MMU) separates deformed mainly non-marine section from more marine and less deformed younger section) Hodell, D.A. & A.Vayavananda (1993)- Middle Miocene paleoceanography of the western Equatorial Pacific (DSDP Site 289) and the evolution of Globorotalia (Fohsella). Marine Micropal. 22, 4, p. 279-310.


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Ho Kiam Fui (1976)- Morphogenetic trend of Lepidocyclina and its application in time stratigraphy. Geol. Mijnbouw 55, 3-4, p. 147-158. (Correlation between Lepidocyclina degree of curvature and planktonic foram zonation in E-M Miocene of C Luconia wells, Sarawak) Hopping, C.A. (1967)- Palynology and the oil industry. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2, p. 23-48. Hottinger, L. (1975)- Late Oligocene larger foraminifera from Koko Guyot, Site 309. Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Proj. 32, p. 825-826 (Occ. Spiroclypeus and Heterostegina assilinoides on seamount between Japan and Hawai) Hottinger, L. (1983)- Processes determining the distribution of larger Foraminifera in space and time. Utrecht Micropaleontol. Bull. 30, p. 239-253. Hottinger, L. (1997)- Shallow benthic foraminiferal assemblages as signals for depth of their deposition and their limitations. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 168, p. 491-505. Hottinger, L., E. Halicz & Z. Reiss (1991)- The foraminiferal genera Pararotalia, Neorotalia and Calcarina: taxonomic revision. J. Paleontology 65, p. 18-33. (Oligocene smaller benthic foram Rotalia mexicana/ mecatepecensis commonly placed in genus Pararotalia, but should be Neorotalia) Hottinger, L., J. Romero, & E. Caus (2001)- Architecture and revision of the Pellatispirines, planispiral canaliferous foraminifera from the Late Eocene Tethys. Micropaleontology 47, p. 35-77. Huang, C.Y. (1979)- Biometric study of Lepidocyclina in the Kungkuan Tuff of northern Taiwan. Acta Geol. Taiwanica 20, p. 41-51. (Thin limestone in Kungkuan Tuff with Miogypsina, Miogypsinoides formosensis and Lepidocyclina (N). Degree of curvature indicates Aquitanian age; associated planktonic forams zone N5) Huang, T. (1964)- 'Rotalia' group from the Upper Cenozoic of Taiwan. Micropaleontology 10, 1, p. 49-62. Huang, T. (1995)- Time and spatial distibution of some Neogene rotaliid foraminifera in the Southwest Pacific. In: Proc. Oji Seminar on Neogene Evolution of Pacific Ocean Gateways, Kyoto, IGCP-355, p. 23-33. Hughes, G.W. (1986)- New Early Miocene occurrences of Abyssamina quadrata Schnitker and Tjalsma from Southeast Asia. J. Foram. Res. 16, 1, p. 34-35. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/16/1/34.full.pdf) (Abyssamina quadrata, previously recorded from Paleocene- Eocene of Atlantic Ocean, found in upper bathyal sediments of NE Kalimantan (zone N5, E Miocene) and in zones N1-N4 (Late Oligocene) of Malajon 1 well, offshore Palawan Island, Philippines. In both localities associated with upper bathyal benthic species) Ikebe, N., M. Chiji & T. Huang (1981)- Important datum-planes of the western Pacific Neogene. Osaka Museum of Natural History, Bull. 34, p. 79-86. Irwansyah, K. Anwar M & N.I.Basuki (2011)- Karakterisasi batuan karbonat Formasi Rajamandala berdasarkan foraminifera besar di daerah Padalarang, Jawa Barat. Proc. Joint. 36th HAGI and 40th IAGI Ann. Conv., Makassar, JCM2011-103, 24p. ('Characterization of Rajamandala Fm carbonate rocks based on larger foraminifera in the Padalarang area, West Java'. Cluster analysis shows larger foram biofacies: (1) open sea shelf: planktonic foraminifera; (2) deep shelf margin: planktonic foraminifera, Cycloclypeus, Operculina, Heterostegina, Amphistegina and Spiroclypeus; (3) foreslope: Lepidocyclina, Miogypsinoides, Pararotalia and Spiroclypeus; (4) organic buildup: coral; (5) open platform: Quinqueloculinids and Austrotrillina, Pararotalia, coral and alga; (6) restricted platform/lagoon: Quinqueloculinids and Austrotrillina and Borelis)


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Ishijima, W. (1978)- Calcareous algae from the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 19, p. 167-190. Jamas, J. & D. Luwarno (1982)- Hubungan antara Sigmoilina personata dengan Foraminifera Eosen di Kalimantan Selatan. Geol. Indonesia 9, 2, p. 32-44. ('Association of Sigmoilina personata with Eocenee foraminifera in S Kalimantan'. Good Eocene DiscocyclinaPellatispira larger foram assemblages in Tanjung Fm from wells in Barito Basin, with Sigmoilina personata as additional potential Eocene marker species) Javaux, E.J. & D.B. Scott (2003)- Illustration of modern benthic foraminifera from Bermuda and remarks on distribution in other subtropical/tropical areas. Palaeontologia Electron. 6, 4, 29p. Jeannet, A. & R. Martin (1937)- Ueber Neozoische Echinoidea aus dem Niederlandisch-Indischen Archipel. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 8, 2, p. 215-308. (‘On Neozoic echinoids from the Netherlands Indies Archipelago’. Mainly paleontological descriptions of Neogene echinoid fossils from Java, Madura, Kalimantan, Timor, Ceram, N Sumatra, etc., from various European University collections) Johnson, J.H. (1966)- Tertiary red algae from Borneo. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Geol. 11, 6, p. 257-280. Johnson, J.H. & B.J. Ferris (1949)- Tertiary coralline algae from the Dutch East Indies. J. Palaeontology 23, 2, p. 193-198. (Tertiary coralline algae, including five new species, from Eocene and Miocene of E Kalimantan and W Java) Johnson, J.H (1957)- Geology of Saipan, Mariana Islands, E. Calcareous algae. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 280-E, p. 209-243. Jones, R.W., M.D. Simmons & J.E. Whittaker (2006)- On the stratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical significance of Borelis melo melo (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) and B. melo curdica (Reichel, 1937) (Foraminifera, Miliolida, Alveolinidae). J. Micropalaeontology 25, p. 175-185. (Borelis melo melo ranges throughout Miocene, B. melo curdica restricted to late E- M Miocene. Both subspecies occur only in Indo-Pacific Province in late E Miocene (Burdigalian), but also present in Mediterranean province in latest E–early M Miocene (‘middle’ Burdigalian–Langhian), implying marine (re-)connection between two regions at this time) Jones, T.R. & F. Chapman (1900)- On the Foraminifera of the orbitoidal limestones and reef rocks of Christmas Island. In: C.A. Andrews (ed.), A monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), Bull. British Museum. Nat. Hist., Geol. Ser., 13, p. 226-264. (Descriptions of foram content of Tertiary limestones, mainly from Flying Fish Cove. Larger foraminifera include Lepidocyclina spp. and Discocyclina) Jorry, S.J., C.A. Hasler & E. Davaud (2006)- Hydrodynamic behaviour of Nummulites: implications for depositional models. Facies 52, p. 221-235. (Eocene Nummulites accumulations no modern equivalents. High porosity makes tests easily transportable, so Nummulites deposits may be autochtonous, but could also be displaced away from original habitat) Kadar, A.P., D.W. Paterson & Hudianto (1996)- Successful techniques and pitfalls in utilizing biostratigraphic data in structurally complex terrain: VICO Indonesia's Kutei Basin experience. Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 313-331. Kadar, A.P. (1981)- Early Miocene calcareous nannoplankton from the Sentolo drill hole, Central Java. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Pal. Ser. 1, p. 53-62. (Two late E Miocene nannofossil zones in 103m deep BR-2 hole in Sentolo Fm marls)


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Kadar, A.P. (1990)- Biostratigrafi nanofosil akhir Oligosen Awal-Oligosen Akhir dan lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Batuasih, Cekungan Bogor, Jawa Barat. Geologi Indonesia, p. 17-29. (Oligocene nannofossil biostratigraphy of Batuasih Fmn Bogor Basin’) Kadar, A.P. (1994)- On the age of the Rajamandala and Batuasih Formations, Central West Java, Indonesia, IGCP Congres , Ciangmai, Thailand, p. Kadar, D. (1972)- Upper Miocene planktonic foraminifera from Bali. Jahrb. Geol. Bundesanst., Sonderband 19, p. 58-70. (Descriptions of planktoni foraminiferea from small outcrops of open marine marls of latest Miocene age in SW Bali and calcareous sandstone from SE Bali) Kadar, D. (1975)- Planktonic foraminifera from the lower part of the Sentolo Formation, Central Java, Indonesia. J. Foram. Res. 5, p. 1-20. (46 planktonic foram species and zonation of late Early- early Middle Miocene Sentolo Fm, W Progo Mts) Kadar, D. (1978)- Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene planktonic foraminiferal zonation of Ambengan drill hole, southern part of Bali island. Proc. 2nd Working Group Mtg. Biostratigraphic datum-planes of the Pacific Neogene IGCP Project 114, Geol. Res.Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 137- 158. (Planktonic foraminifera zones N21-N23 in 201 m deep Ambengan core hole) Kadar, D. (1978)- Mapping by the Geological Survey and stratigraphic correlation. Proc. 3rd Working Group Mtg. ESCAP, 6, 45, p. 25-38. Kadar, D. (1981)- Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Miocene-Pliocene Sentolo Formation, Central Java, Indonesia. In: T. Saito (ed.) Micropaleontology, petrology and lithostratigraphy of Cenozoic rocks of the Yogyakarta region, Central Java. Spec. Publ. Dept. Earth Sci, Yamagata University, Japan, p. 35-47. (13 Early Miocene- Pliocene biozones in Sentolo Fm, overlying “Old Andesites” W of Yogyakarta) Kadar, D. (1985)- Upper Cenozoic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Kalibeng and Pucangan formations in the Sangiran Dome area, Central Java. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil bearing formations in Java, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 219-241. (Four shallow marine benthic foram zones recognized in Late Pliocene Kalibeng Fm, two brackish lagoonal zones in Pleistocene Pucangan Fm) Kadar, D. (1985)- Foraminifera of the Kalibeng Formation in the Sambungmacan area. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil bearing formations in Java, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 243-251. (Lower Kalibeng marls with Early Pliocene fauna. Upper Kalibeng interbedded limestonesandstone Late Pliocene N20-N21, with common reworked planktonic foraminifera. Pleistocene Pucangan Fm barren) Kadar, D. (1986)- Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the South Central Java area, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 5, 83p. Kadar, D. (1992)- Rotaliid foraminifera from the Rembang zone area, North Central Java, Indonesia. In: K. Ishizaki & T. Saito (eds.) Centenary of Japanese micropaleontology, Terra Scient. Publ., Tokyo, p. 245-256. (Descriptions and ranges of Ammonia, Pseudorotalia, Asterorotalia in Miocene of NE Java) Kadar, D., R. Preece & J.C. Phelps (2008)- Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. In: Sumatra stratigraphy workshop, Duri (Riau) 2005, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 5-51. (Well-documented study of six Late Oligocene- M Miocene planktonic foram zones in C Sumatra subsurface. Early M Miocene hiatus in Minas and other fields, called Duri event, spans zone N10)


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Kadar, D. & S. Soeka (1984)- Biostratigraphy of selected Neogene sequences in Indonesia. In: N. Ikebe & R. Tsuchi (eds.) Pacific Neogene datum planes; contributions to biostratigraphy and chronology, Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 193-202. Kamikuri, S., H. Nishi, T.C. Moore, C.A. Nigrini & I. Motoyama (2005)- Radiolarian faunal turnover across the Oligocene/Miocene boundary in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Marine Micropal. 57, p. 74-96. (Global warming trend of latest Oligocene interrupted by cooling events associated with Antarctic glaciations. Four episodes of radiolarian faunal changes: middle late Oligocene (27.5-27.3 Ma), latest Oligocene (24.4 Ma), earliest Miocene (23.3 Ma), and middle E Miocene (21.6 Ma). These four episodes coincide with increases/ decreases of biogenic silica accumulation rates and increases in δ18O values (Oi and Mi events.) Kaminski, M.A. & Z. Huang (1991)- Biostratigraphy of Eocene to Oligocene deep water agglutinated foraminifers in the red clays from Site 767, Celebes Sea. Proc. Ocean Drill. Progr., Sci. Res. 124, p. 171-180. (Deep water agglutinated benthic foraminifera in Celebes Sea ODP site 767 similar to assemblages in Carpathians and Atlantic Ocean. Three zones/ assemblages: (1) Paratrochamminoides- Hormosina ovulum assemblage: tubular genera and Spiroplectammina spectabilis; Early Eocene; (2) Reophax elongatus; latest E Eocene- E Oligocene and (3) low diversity assemblage of long-ranging forms, including Rhizαmminα, Reophax, Glomospira and Reticulophragmium amplectens; ?Oligocene. Basal assemblage probably Early Eocene age, suggesting underlying oceanic crust Early Eocene age or older) Kamptner, E. (1955)- Fossile Coccolithineen-Skelettreste aus Insulinde; eine mikropalaeontologische Untersuchung. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, ser. 2, 50, 2, p. 1-105. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011530.pdf) (‘Fossil coccolith skeletal remains from Indonesia: a micropaleontological investigation’. Study of coccolithophores from Jurassic-Cretaceous and Upper Tertiary marls of Timor and Roti; same samples as studied by Tan Sin Hok 1927. Purely paleontological study without maps or stratigraphic context. Numerous new species) Kapid, R. (2000)- Batas umur Pliosen/Plistosen berdasarkan analisis nanofosil pada lintasan sungai Bengawan Solo daerah Ngawi Jawa Timur. Jurnal Teknologi Mineral 7, 1, p. 29-42. (Analysis of calcareous nannofossils from Solo River, Ngawi. Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary defined based on top Discoaster s.l. and simultaneous appearance of Gephyrocapsa s.l. Same limit by van Gorsel and Troelstra (1981) based on appearance of Gr. truncatulinoides. This study and palynology indicate same climatic changes at Plio-Pleistocene boundary. Also shoreline displacement of Java Sea to E since Late Pliocene) Kapid, R., K.T. Dewi & A. Muller (2004)- New biostratigraphic sub-biozonation for Indonesia, derived from calcareous nannoplankton and ostracode assemblage in Makassar Strait. 5th Int. Conf. Asean Marine Geology, Bangkok 2004, p. Kapid, R. & A.H. Harsolumakso (1996)- Studi nannoplankton pada Formasi Karangsambung dan Totogan di daerah Luk Ulo, Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Bul. Geol. 26, 1, p. 13-43. (Nannoplankton from C Java Karangsambung Fm scaly clays Mid to Late Eocene (NP16-NP21). Overlying Totogan Fm clay breccia with various blocks with Late Eocene (NP 18-20) to Oligocene- earliest Miocene (NP23-NN2) nannofossils. Kapid, R. & S.E. Suprijanto (1996)- Batas Miosen-Pliosen berdasarkan nannoplankton pada Formasi Ledok dan Mundu di daerah Bukit Kapuan, Jawa Timur. Bul. Geol. 26, 1, p. 55-64. (Late Miocene- Early Pliocene in Kali Cilik section, 12 km N of Bojonegoro, E Java. Ledok Fm roughly NN11lower NN12/ D. quinqueramus zone, Late Miocene, 5-7 Ma. Underlying Wonocolo Fm is NN10/ Late Miocene, overlying Mundu Fm is upper NN12-NN14/ Early Pliocene) Kawagata, S. (2001)- Late Neogene Benthic Foraminifera from Kume-jima Island, Central Ryukyu Islands, Southwestern Japan. Science Report, Inst. Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Sec. B, 22, p. 61-123.


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Kay, E.A. (1990)- Cypraeidae of the Indo-Pacific: Cenozoic fossil history and biogeography. Bull. Marine Sci., University of Miami, 47, 1, p. 23-34. (Includes summary and discussion of Indonesian Miocene to Recent cowries) Keij, A.J. (1964)- Late Cretaceous and Palaeogene arenaceous foraminifera from flysch deposits in northwestern Borneo. Malaysia Geol. Survey Ann. Report 1964, p. 155-158. (Late Cretaceous- Paleogene flysch deposits across >550 mile belt from Sarawak to Sabah (Crocker range). Forams dominated by bathyal arenaceous “Bathysiphon-Cyclammina-Trochammina” assemblages, with rare calcareous benthics and planktonic foraminifera. Subtle varations between relative abundances probably reflect environmental factors like oxygenation) Keij, A.J. (1964)- Neogene to Recent species of Cytherelloidea (Ostracoda) from northwestern Borneo. Micropaleontology 10, 4, p. 415-430. Keij, A.J. (1974)- Review of the Indo-Pacific species of Triebelina (Ostracoda). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B77, 4, p. 345-358. Keij, A.J. (1975)- Note on three Holocene Indo-Malayan ostracod species. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B78, 3, p. 231-241. Keij, A.J. (1978)- Remarks on the Indo-Pacific ostracode genus Loxoconchella. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B81, 2, p. 215-229. Keij, A.J. (1979)- Review of the Indo-West Pacific Neogene to Holocene ostracode genus Atjehella. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B 82, 4, p. 449-464. Kennett, J.P., G. Keller & M. Srinivasan (1985)- Miocene planktonic foraminiferal biogeography and paleoceanographic development of the Indo-Pacific region. In: J.P. Kennett (ed.) The Miocene Ocean: paleooceanography and biogeography, Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 163, p. 197-236. (Suggest closure of Indonesian Seaway around 13-12 Ma) Kennett, J.P. & M.S. Srinivasan (1983)- Neogene planktonic foraminifera, a phylogenetic atlas: Hutchinson Ross Publ. Co., Stroudsburg, p. 1-265. Khan, A.M. (1976)- Palynology of Neogene sediments from Papua (New Guinea) stratigraphic boundaries. Pollen et Spores 16, 2, p. 265- 284. (Early, dated paper on Neogene palynology from Iviri 1 well, Fly River Delta) Kingma, J.T. (1948)- Contributions to the knowledge of the Young-Caenozoic Ostracoda from the Malayan region. Thesis University Utrecht, Kemink, 119p. (Ostracods 94 species from 4 areas: Aceh (N Sumatra), Bojonegoro (E Java), S Kendeng zone (E Java) and Recent forms from Java Sea. Limited stratigraphy/ stratigraphic results) Kleinpell, R.M. (1954)- Neogene smaller Foraminifera from Lau, Fiji. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 211, p. 196. Koch, R.E. (1923)- Die jungtertiaren Foraminiferenfauna von Kabu (Res. Surabaja, Java). Eclogae Geol. Helv. 18, 2, p. 342-361. (‘Late Tertiary foraminifera from Kabu, Surabaya Residency, E Java’) Koch, R.E. (1926)- Mitteltertiare Foraminiferen aus Bulongan, Ost-Borneo. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 19, 3, p. 722751.


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(‘Middle Tertiary foraminifera from Bulongan, E Kalimantan’ Many new Late Oligocene- Early-Miocene smaller benthic foram and some planktonic index species, incl. Globigerina binaiensis and G. tripartita) Koch, R.E. (1935). Namens-Aenderung einiger Tertiar-Foraminiferen aus Niederländisch Ost-Indien. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 28, p. 557-558. ('Name changes of some Tertiary foraminifera from Netherlands East Indies') Konda, I., K. Matsuoka, A. Nishimura & T. Ohno (1977)- Nummulites boninensis Hanzawa from the Amami Plateau in the northern margin of the Philippine Sea. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., 106, p. 61-70. Kramer, K. (1974)- Die tertiaeren Holzer Sudost-Asiens (unter Ausschluss der Dipterocarpaceae), 1 Teil. Palaeontographica. Abt. B: Palaeophytologie, 144, 3-6, p. 45-181. (‘The Tertiary woods of Southeast Asia (with exclusion of Dipterocarpaceae’, Part 1) Krausel, R. (1925)- Der Stand unserer Kenntnisse von der Tertiarflora Niederlandisch-Indiens. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 329-342. ('The state of knowledge of the Tertiary flora of the Netherlands Indies'. Review of known pfossil plant occurrences on Java, Borneo, Sumatra) Krijnen, W.F. (1931)- Het genus Spiroclypeus in het Indo-Pacifische gebied. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, 2, p. 77-112. (‘The genus Spiroclypeus in the Indo-Pacific region’) Krijnen, W.F. (1931)- Annotations to the map of the more important fossil localities in the Netherlands East Indies. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, p. 509-551. Lambert, B. & C. Laporte-Galaa (2005)- Discoaster zonation of the Miocene of the Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia (Mahakam Delta Offshore). Carnets de Géologie, Mem. 2005/01, p. 1-63. (Online at http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2005_M01) Lambert, J. & A. Jeannet (1935)- Contribution a la connaissance des Echinides tertiares des iles de la Sonde. I. Echinides reguliers. Mem. Soc. Pal. Suisse 56, p. 1-76. ('Contribution to the knowledge of the Tertiary echinoids of the Sonde Islands (=Indonesia)'. On regular echinoderms from Java, Borneo, Sumbawa and Timor) Lelono, E.B. (2000)- Palynological study of the Eocene Nanggulan Formation, Central Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 457 p. (Abstract at www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/palaeo/2palynology.html) (Nanggulan Fm age diagnostic M-L Eocene fauna and palynomorph assemblages. Many palynomorphs affinity with Indian forms, suggesting plant migration into SE Asia following plate collision in E Tertiary. Distribution of similar M Eocene palynomorph assemblages suggests Sundaland extended from Java to SW Sulawesi. Podocarpidites pollen in upper unit indicates cooling, probably equivalent to M-L Eocene boundary event recorded elsewhere. Nanggulan Fm is transgressive sequence) Lelono, E.B. (2001)- Revisi zonasi polen Eosen. Lembaran Publ. Lemigas 35, 1, p. 16-26. ('Revision of Eocene pollen zonation') Lelono, E.B. (2005)- Penelitian palinologi pada sedimen Paleogen di kawasan Indonesia bagian Barat. Lembaran Publ. Lemigas 39, 2, p. 15-23. ('Palynological investigations in the western part of Indonesia') Lelono, E.B. (2006)- Eocene- Oligocene climate based on palynological records. LEMIGAS Scient. Contr. 29, 2, p. 10-23. Lelono, E.B. (2007)- Pleistocene palynology of East Java. LEMIGAS Scient. Contr. 29, 3, p. 3- 14.


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Lelono, E.B. (2008)- Pleistocene palynology of the Waipona Basin, Papua. LEMIGAS Scient. Contr. 31, 2, p. 7-18. Leloux, J. & W. Renema (2007)- Types and originals of fossil Porifera and Cnidaria of Indonesia in Naturalis. NNM Technical Bulletin, Leiden, 10, p. 1-305. (online at: http://www.naturalis.nl/sites/naturalis.en/contents/i000884/the%20gerth%20catalogue.pdf) (Listings and illustrations of type material of 229 taxa of Tertiary and Permian corals in Leiden Natural History Museum, mainly from Martin, Gerth and Umbgrove collections) LeRoy, L.W. (1939)- Some small foraminifera, ostracoda and otoliths from the Neogene ("Miocene") of the Rokan-Tapanoeli area, Central Sumatra. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl.- Indie 99, 6, p. 215-296. LeRoy, L.W. (1940)- The ostracode genus Cytherelloidea from the Late Tertiary of the Netherlands East Indies. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl.- Indie 100, p. 179-196 LeRoy, L.W. (1941)- Small foraminifera from the Late Tertiary of the Netherlands East Indies. 1. Small foraminifera from the Late Tertiary of the Sangkulirang Bay area, East Borneo. Quart. Colorado School Mines 36, 1, p. 1-62. LeRoy, L.W. (1941)- Small foraminifera from the Late Tertiary of the Netherlands East Indies. 2. Small foraminifera from the Late Tertiary of Siberoet Island, off the West coast of Sumatra. Quart. Colorado School Mines 36, 1, p. 63-105. LeRoy, L.W. (1941)- Small foraminifera from the Late Tertiary of the Netherlands East Indies. 3. Some small foraminifera from the type locality of the Bantamien substage, Bodjong beds, Bantam Residency, West Java. Quart. Colorado School Mines 36, 1, p. 107-132. LeRoy, L.W. (1941)- The ostracode genus Cytherelloidea from the Tertiary of the Netherlands East Indies. J. Paleont. 15, p. 612-621. LeRoy, L.W. (1944)- Miocene foraminifera from Sumatra and Java, Netherlands East Indies. 1. Miocene foraminifera of Central Sumatra, NEI. Quart. Colorado School Mines 39, 3, p. 1-69. (Descriptions of 183 species of Miocene small benthic foraminifera from Telisa and L-M Palembang formations along E front of Barisan mountains. Little or no stratigraphic or locations information) LeRoy, L.W. (1944)- Miocene foraminifera from Sumatra and Java, Netherlands East Indies. 2. Small foraminifera from the Miocene of West Java, NEI. Quart. Colorado School Mines 39, 3, p. 70-113. (Descriptions of 107 species of small benthic foraminifera from Miocene marls at Tjijarian bridge, E of Pelabuhan Ratu, W Java) LeRoy, L.W. (1952)- Orbulina universa d’Orbigny in Central Sumatra. J. Paleont. 26, 4, p. 576- 584. (Lowest occurrence of planktonic foram Orbulina good mid-Miocene marker. Some info on Kasikan section) LeRoy, L.W. (1952)- Orbulina universa d’Orbigny in Central Sumatra. J. Paleont. 26, 4, p. 576Less, G. & E. Ozcan (2008)- The Late Eocene evolution of nummulitid foraminifer Spiroclypeus in the Western Tethys. Acta Palaeont. Polonica 53, p. 303-316. Less, G., E. Ozcan, C.A. Papazzoni& R. Stockar (2008)- The Late Eocene evolution of nummulitid foraminifer Heterostegina in the Western Tethys. Acta Palaeont. Polonica 53, p. 317-350. Leupold, W. & I.M. van der Vlerk (1931)- The Tertiary. In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) Stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Feestbundel Martin, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, p. 611-648.


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(Overview of Tertiary stratigraphy across ‘Netherlands East Indies’ in Martin memorial volume) Lignac-Grutterink, L.H. (1943)- Some Tertiary Corallinaceae of the Malaysian Archipelago. Verhand. Geol. Mijnb. Gen., Geol. Ser. 13, p. 283-297. (Brief descriptions of Tertiary calcareous algae from Borneo, Java, etc. in Leiden collection. No location/ stratigraphy info) Lloyd, A.R. (1967)- Neogene foraminifera from H.B.R. Wreck Island No. 1 bore and Heron Island bore, Queensland; their taxonomy and stratigraphic significance. Part 1. Lituolacea and Miliolacea. Bull. Bur. Miner. Res. Geol. Geophys. 92, p. Lloyd, A.R. (1970)- Neogene foraminifera from HBR Wreck Island No. 1 bore and Heron Island bore, Queensland; their taxonomy and stratigraphic significance. Part 2. Nodosariacea and Buliminacea. Bull. Bur. Miner. Res. Geol. Geophys. 108, p. 145-225. (Mainly Miocene open marine foraminifera from below Great Barrier Reef) Lloyd, A.R. (1974)- Time measurement of geologiacal time and precision in correlation. Proc. SEAPEX Conv. 1, Singapore, p. 31-43. (On correlations, with examples from SE Asia) Lloyd, A.R. (1975)- Paleontology and its role on oil exploration. Proc. SEAPEX Conv. 2, Singapore, p. 152159. Ludbrook, N.H. (1965)- Tertiary fossils from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). J. Geol. Soc. Australia, 12, p. 285-294. (Algal imestones of Christmas Island in Indian Ocean of Late Eocene (Tb) and Early Miocene (Te-Tf) age. Upper Eocene limestone with Discocyclina, Nummulites, Heterostegina. Lower Miocene limestone lower part with Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina), followed by Miogypsinoides dehaarti, then Flosculinella bontangensis. No rocks younger than Burdigalian identified other than young fringing reef) Lunt, P. (2003)- Biogeography of some Eocene larger foraminifera, and their application in distinguishing geological plates. Palaeont. Electronica 6, 1, p.1-22. (Online at http://palaeo-electronica.org/2003_2/geo/geo.pdf Lunt, P. & T. Allan (2004)- A history and application of larger foraminifera in Indonesian biostratigraphy, calibrated to isotopic dating. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Museum, Bandung, Workshop on Micropaleontology, 109p. (Excellent overview of Indonesian Tertiary larger forams and zonations) Luterbacher, H.P. (1984)- Paleoecology of foraminifera in the Paleogene of the Southern Pyrenees. In: H.J. Oertli (ed.) Benthos ’83 Symposium, Pau, p. 389-392. MacGillavry, H.J. (1962)- Lineages in the genus Cycloclypeus Carpenter. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B65, 5, p. 429-458. (Eight Eocene- Recent Cycloclypeus lineages distinguished) MacGillavry, H.J. (1978)- Foraminifera and parallel evolution- how or why? Geol. Mijnbouw 57, 3, p. 385-394. (On evolutionary trends in larger foraminifera, by former Stanvac micropaleontologist. With appendix B and C summarizing larger foraminifera and stratigraphy in S Sumatra Basin) Madon, M.B., R.B.A. Karim & R.W.H. Fatt (1999)- Tertiary stratigraphy and correlation schemes. In: Petronas (ed.) The Petroleum Geology and Resources of Malaysia. Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 113-137. (Review of biozonations and stratigraphic nomenclature of Malay Basin, Penyu Basin, NW Borneo, Sabah),


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Marks, P. (1957)- Smaller foraminifera from well nr. 1 at Kebajoran, Djakarta. Publ. Keilmuan 30, Bandung, p. 25-47. Martin, K. (1880)- Die Tertiarschichten auf Java, Lief 3, Palaontol. Teil (1879-1880). E.J. Brill, Leiden, p. 150164. Martin, K. (1915)- Die Fauna des Obereocaens von Nanggulan auf Java. Samml. Geologischen ReichsMuseums in Leiden, N.F. 2, 4/5, p. 107-222. (‘The Upper Eocene fauna of Nanggulan, Java’) Martin, K. (1916-1917)- Die Altmiocaene Fauna des West-Progogebirges auf Java. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, N.F., 2, 6-7, p. 223-296 (1926: Gastropoda: p. 223-261; 1927: Scaphopoda etc.: p. 262-296). ('The Early Miocene fauna of the West Progo Mountains on Java') Martin, K. (1919)- Unsere palaeozoologische Kenntnis von Java mit einleitenden Bemerkungen uber die Geologie der Insel. Brill, Leiden, 158 pp. ('Our paleozoological knowledge of Java, with introductory remarks on the geogy of the island'. Early overview of Cretaceous- Recent Java fossils) Martin, K. (1921)- Die Mollusken der Nijalindungschichten. Samml. Geol Reichs-Museums Leiden, Neue Folge 1, p. 446-496. ('The molluscs of the Nijalindung Beds', W Java) Matsumaru, K. (1971)- Studies on the genus Nephrolepidina in Japan. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Univ., Sendai, ser. 2 (Geol.) 42, 2, p. 97-185. (Late Early Miocene Nephrolepidina from Japan and associated Miogypsina) Matsumaru, K. (1971)- The genera Nephrolepidina and Eulepidina from New Zealand. Trans. Proc. Pal. Soc. Japan 84, p. 179-189. (Miocene (Aquitanian, Langhian and Serravalian) Lepidocyclina from 4 localites on N and S islands of New Zealand) Matsumaru, K. (1973)- Miocene larger foraminiferal zonation in Japan. Mem. Geol. Soc. Japan 8, p. 85-93. Matsumaru, K. (1973)- Larger foraminifera from the Cretaceous and Tertiary in Japan. In: M. Minato et al. (eds.) Atlas of Japanese Fossils, Tsukiji Shokan Publ., Tokyo, 22, p. 1-24. Matsumaru, K. (1974)- Larger foraminifera from East Mindanao, Philippines. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 14, p. 101-115. (E Mindanao Cretaceous andesites and sediments, unconformably overlain by Tertiary clastics and carbonates. Larger foram assemblages include Tcd/ Early Oligocene with Nummulites fichteli and Borelis pygmaeus and Miocene Te1-4, Te5 and Tf1-2) Matsumaru, K. (1974)- The transition of the larger foraminiferal assemblages in the Western Pacific Oceanespecially from the Tertiary period. J. of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 83, 5, p. 281-301. (In Japanese. Review of stratigraphic distribution of larger foraminifera in localities across SE Asia- W Pacific, the Letter zonation and its calibration to planktonic foram zones) Matsumaru, K. (1976)- Larger foraminifera from the islands of Saipan and Guam, Micronesia. In: Y. Takanyagi & T. Saito (eds.) Progress in Micropaleontology, p. 190-213. (mainly Te and Pleistocene faunas. Neoplanorbulinella saipanensis n.gen., n.sp.)


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Matsumaru, K. (1976)- Larger foraminifera from the Ryuku Group, Nansei Shoto Islands, Japan. In: C.T. Schafer & B.R. Pelletier (eds.) First Int. Symp. Benthonic foraminifera on continental margis, Maritime Sed., Spec. Publ. 1, B, p. 401-424. (On Pleistocene larger forams, facies and biostratigraphy, Ryuku Islands) Matsumaru, K. (1977)- Miocene larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Japan and interregional correlation in the West Pacific Province. Proc. First Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene Statigraphy, Tokyo 1976, p. 368-371. Matsumaru, K. (1978)- Biostratigraphy and paleoecological transition of larger foraminifera from the Minamizaki Limestone, Chichi-Jima, Japan. In: Proc. 2nd Working Group Mtg. Biostratigraphic datum-planes of the Pacific Neogene, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 63-88. (Eight larger foram assemblages in lower Te- upper Te SE of Japan. Spiroclypeus boninensis n.sp.) Matsumaru, K. (1980)- Cenozoic larger foraminiferal assemblages of Japan, Part 1. A comparison with Southeast Asia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Paleontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 21, p. 211-224. (Review of Eocene- Recent larger foram occurrences and zonation in Japan and correlation with Indonesian letter zonation. Three abundance peaks: (1) M-L Eocene, (2) Late Oligocene; (3) latest E Miocene-M Miocene) Matsumaru, K. (1980)- Note on a new species of Miogypsina from Japan. Prof. Saburo Kanno Mem. Vol., p. 213-219. Matsumaru, K. (1981)- On Lepidocyclina (Trybliolepidina) rutteni van der Vlerk from zone N17 at Mitsugane, Izu peninsula, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Proc. Japan Acad., ser. B, 57 4, p. 115-118. (Occurrence of Lepidocyclina (T.) rutteni with Late Miocene zone N17 planktonic forams) Matsumaru, K. (1982)- On Miogypsina (Miogypsina) kotoi Hanzawa from Zone N16 on Dogo Island, Oki Islands, Japan. Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. B, 58, p. 52-55. (Occ. ‘Early Miocene’ Miogypsina kotoi with M-L Miocene Globorotalia continuosa) Matsumaru, K. (1984)- Larger foraminiferal associations useful for the correlation of the Eocene and Oligocene sediments in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, and an examination of Nummulites boninensis Hanzawa. In: H.J. Oertli (ed.) Benthos ’83 Symposium, Pau, p. 415-422. (Eocene Ta/Tb Nummulites-Pellatispira-Discocyclina and Late Oligocene Heterostegina borneensisMiogypsinoides complanata assemblages on islands SE of Japan) Matsumaru, K. (1992)- Some Miocene Nephrolepidina (Family Lepidocyclinidae) from the Shimoshiroiwa Formation, Izu Peninsula, Japan. In: K. Ishizaki & T. Saito (eds.) Centenary of Japanese Micropaleontology, Terra Scient. Publ., Tokyo, p. 257-265. (Description of seven species of Nephrolepidina from ‘Upper Miocene’; no stratigraphic context) Matsumaru, K. (1996)- Tertiary larger Foraminifera (Foraminiferida) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec. Paper 36, 237 p. Matsumaru, K. (2002)- Mesozoic and Cenozoic larger Foraminifera. In: N. Ikeya et al. (eds.) The database of Japanese fossil type specimens described during the 20th Century (Part 2), Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec Pap. 40, p. 174-183. Matsumaru, K. (2005)- Nummulites junbarensis and Assilina formosensis (late Early to early Middle Eocene) from Taiwan (Formosa). Rev. Paleobiol. 24, 2, p. 551-561. Matsuoka, K. (1981)- Dinoflagellate cysts and pollen in pelagic sediments of the northen part of the Philippine Sea. Bull. Fac. Liberal Arts, Nagasaki Univ. Natural Science 21, 2, p. 59-70.


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Matsuoka, K. (1983)- A new dinoflagellate cyst (Danea heterospinosa) from the Eocene of Central Java, Indonesia. Review Palaeobot. Palynology 40, 1-2, p. 115-126. Matsuoka, K. (1984)- Some dinoflagellate cysts from the Nanggulan Formation in Central Java, Indonesia. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., 134, p. 374-387. McGowran, B. (1978)- Australian Neogene sequences and events. Proc. 2nd Working Group Mtg. Biostratigraphic datum planes of the Pacific Neogene, IGCP Project 114, Bandung 1977, p. 165-167. McGowran, B. (1979)- The Tertiary of Australia: foraminiferal overview. Mar. Micropaleont. 4, 3, p. 235- 264. (Four major Tertiary sequences. Larger foraminifera in Australia limited to 5 Eocene and 4 Oligo-Miocene excursions of tropical larger benthic forams, reflecting rel. warm climate periods: late M-L Eocene, Late Oligocene N3-N4, late E- M Miocene N8-N11 and N14 (similar to distribution in Japan; HvG)) McGowran, B. (2005)- Biostratigraphy: microfossils and geological time. Cambridge University Press, 459 p. McGowran, B. & Q. Li (2000)- Evolutionary palaeoecology of Cainozoic Foraminfera: Tethys, Indo-Pacific, Southern Australia. Historical Biol. 15, p. 3-27. (Tertiary larger foram extinctions and migrations into higher latitudes tied to major cooling/warming events) McGowran, B. & Q. Li, (2001)- Planktonic foraminifera. In: B. McGowran et al. (eds.) Australasian palaeobiogeography: the Palaeogene and Neogene record. Assoc. Australasian Palaeontologists, Mem. 23, p. McGowran, B. & Q. Li (2002)- Sequence biostratigraphy and evolutionary palaeoecology. In: Foraminifera in the Cainozoic Era, Mem Assoc. Australasian Palaeontologists 27, p. 167-188. McKenzie, K.G. & Sudijono (1981)- Plio-Pleistocene ostracoda from Sangiran, Jawa. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Pal. Ser. 1, p. 29-51. Mizuno, A. & I. Konda (1977)- Eocene larger foraminifers from the sea floor near Oki-Daito-Shima Island. Bull. Geol. Survey Japan 28, p. 639-652. (online at www.gsj.jp/Pub/Bull/vol_28/pub_28-10E.html) (Occ. Nummulites boninensis, Asterocyclina penuria, suggesting extensive M Eocene shallow marine deposits on Daito Ridges between 1200- 2300m water depth) Mohan K. (1958)- Miogypsinidae from western India. Micropaleont. 4, 4, p. 373-390. Mohler, W.A. (1946)- Handleiding voor het determineeren van de groot foraminiferen-genera van Nederlandsch Oost Indie, 46 p. (‘Manual for the identification of larger foram genera of Indonesia’) Mohler, W.A. (1946)- Sigmoilina personata n.sp., eine Leitform aus dem Eocan von Sudost Borneo und Java. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 39, 2, p. 298-300. (Description of new small miliolid Sigmoilina personata, an index species for Upper Eocene in SE Kalimantan (Asem Asem and many other E Kalimantan localities) and C Java (Nanggulan)) Mohler, W.A. (1946)- Lepidocyclina crucifera n.sp. aus dem Burdigalien von Ost-Borneo. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 39, p. 302-309. ('Lepidocyclina crucifera new species from the Burdigalian of E Kalimantan'. Stellate and advanced nephrolepidine Lepidocyclina with four rays from Sungai Mandai, Berau area. Associated larger foram assemblage includes Miogypsina and Miogypsinoides and suggests zone Tf1, Burdigalian) Mohler, W.A. (1949)- Uber das Vorkommen von Alveolina und Neoalveolina in Borneo. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 41, 2, p. 321-329.


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('On the occurrence of Alvelina and Neoalveolina in Kalimantan'. Eocene Alveolina rel. common in NE Kalimantan, not S of Sangkulirang Bay. Also common in Lutetian, M Eocene (Ta), but not in Priabonian. Neoalveolina (N. pygmaeus group= Borelis; HvG) first occurs at base of Tc/ Oligocene, commonly associated with Nummulites fichteli) Mohler, W.A. (1949)- Spiroclypeus und Flosculinella in Kalken aus dem Kustengebirge zwischen Patjitan und Blitar (Java). Eclog. Geol. Helv. 41, 2, p. 329-332. (Miocene larger forams from SE Java Southern Mountains; unusual occurrence of Spiroclypeus) Mohler, W.A. (1949)- Flosculinella reicheli n.sp. aus dem Tertiar e5 von Borneo. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 42, 2, p. 521-527. (Flosculinella reicheli, a new species of globular flosculinellid from foram-rich marl of Te5/Burdigalian age, in Hajup rubber plantation N of Tanjung, Hulu-Sungei area, N Barito basin, E Kalimantan) Morgenroth, P., A.T. Rahardjo & K.A. Maryunani (2000)- Dinoflagellate cysts- an alternative stratigraphic tool in marine Tertiary strata in Indonesia. Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 4, p. 99108. Morley, R.J. (1977)- Palynology of Tertiary and Quaternary sediments in Southeast Asia. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 255-276. (Up to eight palynozones in Oligocene- Quaternary, mainly based on evolution of Florschuetzia species of mangrove pollen, building on Germeraad et al. 1968 work) Morley, R.J. (1982)- Fossil pollen attributable to Alangium Lamarck (Alangiaceae) from the Tertiary of Malesia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 36, p. 65-94. (On four pollen-morphological evolutionary trends and fossil record of Alangium flowering plant in SE Asia) Morley, R.J. (1991)- Tertiary stratigraphic palynology in Southeast Asia: current status and new directions. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 28, p. 1-36. (Palynology is only biostratigraphic tool for correlation of non-marine sediments and correlation across facies. Age-restricted palynomorphs are relatively few, so in Tertiary application of palynology is mainly in correlation rather than dating. Higher resolution requires quantitative palynological zonation schemes) Morley, R.J. (1996)- Biostratigraphic characterization of systems tracts in Tertiary sedimentary basins. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symposium on sequence stratigraphy in SE Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 49-70. (On palynomorph distribution patterns in sequences/ systems tracts) Morley, R.J. (1998)- Palynological evidence for Tertiary plant dispersals in the SE Asian region in relation to plate tectonics and climate. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys Publ., Leiden, p. 211-234. (online at; http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/publications/books/biogeography/biogeog_pdfs/Morley.pdf) (Tertiary plant dispersals reflect tectonic and climatic evolution of SE Asia. Sunda Eocene flora stretched as far East as S arm of Sulawesi, and after Makassar Straits opening, part of this flora became stranded E of Wallace Line. Small number of plant taxa dispersed W across Wallace line since Miocene, at 17 Ma, 14, 9.5, 3.5 and ~1 Ma. Much of Sunda region moisture deficient in Oligocene- earliest Miocene, ever-wet rainforest becoming widespread at ~20 Ma, after which they repeatedly expanded and contracted. Greatest extent of rainforest at beginning of M Miocene. Quaternary 'glacial' periods with low sea levels and more seasonal climates, leading to more pine forests and savannah. New Guinea mountains formed in M Miocene allowing dispersal of Gondwana taxa from S. Some, like Podocarpus imbricatus, Phyllocladus subsequently dispersed into SE Asia) Morley, R.J. (2000)- Origin and evolution of tropical rain forests. Wiley, London, 362 p.


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Morley, R.J., J. Decker, H.P. Morley & S. Smith (2006)- Development of high resolution biostratigraphic framework for Kutei Basin. Proc. Int. IPA Geosci. Conf. Exh., Jakarta 2006, PG 27, 6 p. (28 sequences identified in M Miocene- Pleistocene of Makassar Straits) Morley, R.J. & J.R. Flenley (1987)- Late Cainozoic vegetational and environmental changes in the Malay Archipelago. In: T.C. Whitmore (ed.) Biogeographic evolution of the Malay Archipelago. Oxford Mon. Biogeogr. 4, p. 50-59. Morley, R.J., E.B. Lelono, L. Nugrahaningsih & Nur Hasjim (2000)- LEMIGAS Tertiary palynology project: aims, progress and preliminary results from the Middle Eocene to Pliocene of Sumatra and Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Paleontol. Ser. 10, Bandung, p. 27-47. (Summary of palynology work in Java (Eocene of Nanggulan and Bayah), Sumatra (E Oligocene Pematang Fm, Late Oligocene Talang Akar Fm, E Miocene Gumai Fm, M Miocene Air Benakat Fm) Mukhopadhyay, S.K. (2003)- Earliest Pellatispira Boussac from the Middle Eocene of India: morphological speciality of the ancestral stock. J. Asian Earth Sci. 22, 3, p. 209-225. (Pellatispira common in U Eocene of Tethyan and Indo-Pacific provinces, found in M Eocene (Late Lutetia Globigerapsis beckmanni Zone) of W India, together with Assilina spp, Nummulites atacicus and Orbulinoides beckmanni. M Eocene Pellatispira primitive characters, including irregular radial canals in marginal crest and low trochospiral coiling, but external ornamentation like Late Eocene descendants) Muller, J. (1966)- Montane pollen from the Tertiary of NW Borneo. Blumea 14, p. 231-235. Muller, J. (1972)- Palynological evidence for change in geomorphology, climate and vegetation in the MioPliocene of Malesia. In: P.S. & M. Ashton (eds.) The Quaternary Era in Malesia, University of Hull, Geogr. Dept. Misc. Ser, 13, p. 6-16. Murgese, D.S. & P. De Deckker (2005)- The distribution of deep-sea benthic foraminifera in core tops from the eastern Indian Ocean. Marine Micropal. 56, p. 25-49. (57 core tops between 700- 4335m from E Indian Ocean between Australia and Indonesia. Seven key-species useful for environments. Two species groups: (1) Oridorsalis tener umbonatus, Epistominella exigua and Pyrgo murrhina (cold, well-oxygenated, low carbon flux to the sea floor) and (2) Nummoloculina irregularis and Cibicidoides pseudoungerianus (upper-bathyal). Uvigerina proboscidea mainly at low latitudes, with high carbon flux due to higher primary productivity at sea surface, and low oxygen levels due to organic matter oxidation and presence of oxygen-depleted Indonesian Intermediate Water and N Indian Intermediate Water) Myers, E.H. (1945)- Recent studies of sediments in the Java sea and their significance in relation to stratigraphic and petroleum geology. In: Science and scientists in the Netherlands Indies, New York, p. 265269. Nathan, S.A. & R.M. Leckie (2003)- Miocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of sites 1143 and 1146. In: W.L. Prell, P. Wang et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 184, p. 1-43. (South China Sea Miocene planktonic foram biostratigraphy) Newton, R.B. (1906)- Notes on some organic limestones, etc., collected by the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea. Reports on the collections made by the British Ornithologists Union Expedition and the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea, 1910-1913, 2, Rep. 20, p. (Carstensz area limestones with lepidocyclinids, etc.) Newton, R.B. (1918)- Foraminiferal and nullepire structures in some Tertiary limestones from New Guinea. Geol. Mag. 6, 5, 5, p. 203-212. (Pebbles from Upper Fly River collected by MacGregor in 1890 include Eocene limestone with Alveolina wichmanni, Lacazinella wichmanni and Orthophragmina (=Discocyclina) and Miocene limestone with Carpenteria, Alveolina and Lithothamnium)


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Newton, R.B. & R. Holland (1899)- On some Tertiary foraminifera from Borneo collected by Professor Molengraaff and the late Mr. A.H. Everett and their comparison with similar forms from Sumatra. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, 3, p. 245-264. Nicora, A. & I. Premoli Silva (1990)- Paleogene shallow-water larger foraminifers from holes 714A and 715A, Leg 115, Indian Ocean. In: R.A. Duncan et al., (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 115, p. 381-393. (Eocene Tethyan Nummulites spp., Discocyclina, Alveolina, Orbitolites on Maldives Ridge, off SW India) Nishida, S. (1987)- Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy in the Sunda Arc. Comm. Co-Ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore areas (CCOP), Techn. Bull. 19,p. 69-72. Nishimura, A. (1992)- Carbonate bioclasts of shallow-water origin at Site 793. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Res. 126, p. 231-234. (occ. Eocene Pellatispira, Biplanispira, Asterocyclina on Izu-Bonin Arc at 31 °N) Noad, J. (2001)- The Gomantong limestone of eastern Borneo: a sedimentological comparison with the nearcontemporaneous Luconia Province. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 175, p. 273-302. Nor Faiz, N. & R. Omar (2009)- Ostrakod Baharu di Dalam Sedimen Luar Pantai di Sekitar Pulau Tioman, Pahang. Sains Malaysiana 38, 1, p. 9-20. (Recent Ostracoda in offshore sediment around Pulau Tioman, Pahang, Malaysia) Nur Hasjim (1988)- Le Néogène marin du Nord-Est de Java, Indonésie; etude biostratigraphique (foraminifères et nannoplancton). Geomedia Mém. 1, 129 p. ('The marine Neogene of NE Java'. Foraminifera and nannofossils listings from several classic outcrop sections) Nuttall, W.L.F. (1926)- A revision of the Orbitoides of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London, 82, p. 22-43. (Eocene limestones with Discocyclina, Miocene limestones with Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, Spiroclypeus) O’Herne, L. (1972)- Secondary chamberlets in Cycloclypeus. Scripta Geol. 7, p. 1-35. (Biometrical study of Miocene Cycloclypeus from NE Java and Madura) O'Herne, L. (1974)- A reconsideration of Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny, 1826, sensu Brady, 1884 (Foraminifera). Scripta Geol., 26: 1-53. (online at: www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148755) (Discusson of Oligocene-Recent Amphistegina species, mainly from Java) O’Herne, L. (1976)- A comparison of Lepidocyclina ferreroi (Provale, 1909) and Lepidocyclina multilobata (Gerth, 1939). Scripta Geol. 35, p. 1-48. (Online at: www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148824) (Comparison of two stellate Lepidocyclina species from E-M Miocene of Java, Madura and Borneo) O’Herne, L. & I.M. van der Vlerk (1971)- Geological age determinations on a biometrical basis (comparison of eight parameters). Boll. Soc. Palaeont. Ital. 10, 1, p. 3-18. Okada, H. (1981)- Calcareous nannofossils of Cenozoic formations in Central Java. In: T. Saito (ed.) Micropaleontology, petrology and lithostratigraphy of Cenozoic rocks of the Yogyakarta region, Central Java. Spec. Publ. Dept. Earth Sci, Yamagata University, Japan, p. 25-34. (Nannofossils from M Eocene-M Oligocene Nanggulan Fm, E Miocene Sentolo Fm, etc. ‘Old Andesites’ underlain by Mid-Oligocene Sphen. distentus, overlain by middle E Miocene S. belemnos zone CN2. Upper part Sentolo Fm may be Early Pliocene)


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Ong Goan Eng (1960)- The development of Shell micropaleontological studies in South Sumatra. Contrib. Dept. Geol. Inst. Techn. Bandung 47, p. 3-9. (Very general paper on use of micropaleontology since 1930 by BPM/ Shell in S Sumatra. Discussion of biofacies versus lithostratigraphy and time. No details on faunas, stratigraphy, etc.) Oostingh, G.H. (1935)- Die Mollusken des Pliozaens von Boemiajoe (Java). Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 26, p. (‘The molluscs from the Pliocene of Bumiayu, C Java’) Oostingh, C.H. (1938)- Die Mollusken des Pliocaens von Sud-Bantam in Java. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 5, 2 p. 17-33. (‘The molluscs from the Pliocene of South Banten in W Java’) Oostingh, C.H. (1938)- Die Mollusken des Pliocaens von Sud-Bantam in Java, II (1. Fortsetzung). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 5, 3 p. 35-46. (‘The molluscs from Pliocene of South Banten in W Java-2’) Oostingh, C.H. (1938)- Die Mollusken des Pliocaens von Sud-Bantam in Java, III (2. Fortsetzung). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 5, 4 p. 50-61. (‘The molluscs from the Pliocene of South Banten in W Java-3’) Oostingh, C.H. (1938)- Die Mollusken des Pliocaens von Sud-Bantam in Java, IV (3. Fortsetzung). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 5, 7 p. 105-116. (‘The molluscs from the Pliocene of South Banten in W Java-4’) Oostingh, C.H. (1938)- Die Mollusken des Pliocaens von Sud-Bantam in Java, V (4. Fortsetzung). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 5, 8 p. 119-129. (‘The molluscs from the Pliocene of South Banten in W Java-5’) Oostingh, C.H. (1939)- Die Mollusken des Pliocaens von Sud-Bantam in Java, VIII. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 6, 8, p. 103-119. (‘The molluscs from the Pliocene of South Banten in W Java-8’) Oostingh, C.H. (1938)- Mollusken als gidsfossielen voor het Neogeen in Nederlandsch Indie. Hand. 8e Nederl.Indisch Natuurw. Congr., Soerabaja 1938, p. 508-516. (Discussion of molluscs as index fossils for Neogene. No illustrations, range charts, etc. Very few of Neogene Java species known from elsewhere (unlike Eocene species; HvG)) Oostingh, C.H. (1939)- Note on the stratigraphical relations between some Pliocene deposits in Java. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 9, IV, p. 140-141. Oppenoorth, W.F. (1918)- Foraminiferen van de Noordkust van Atjeh. Verhand Geol-Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. ser. 2, p. 249-258. (‘Foraminifera from the North coast of Aceh’. At several localities limestone at base of Neogene, rich in Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp., also Miogypsina, Cycloclypeus. Associated Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) may be Tribliolepidina Interbedded with marls with Orbulina universa. Age assumed to be Aquitanian, but more likely Middle Miocene; HvG) Orcen, S. (2001)- Miogypsinidae species of Turkey and Early-Middle Miocene marine connections of East Mediterranean (in Turkish). Yerbilimleri, Bull. Earth Sciences Application and Research Centre of Hacettepe University 23, p. 159-166. (Late Oligocene- M Miocene miogypsinids from Turkey. M. gunteri-tani calibrated to Aquitanian, M. globulinaintermedia-cushmani to Burdigalian, M. antillea to Langhian)


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Osberger, R. (1956)- Korallen als Hilfsmittel der Tertiar und Quartar-Stratigraphie Indonesiens. Geol. Survey Indonesia, Publ. Keilmuan 32, 79 p. (‘The use of corals in Tertiary and Quaternary stratigraphy of Indonesia’. Listing of all Eocene- Pliocene fossil coral faunas described from Indonesia) Osimo, G. (1908)- Di alcuni foraminiferi dell’Eocene superiore di Celebes. Riv. Ital. Pal. 14, p. 28-52. (Larger forams sample from Dongala, Palos Bay, ?N Celebes. With Miogypsinoides complanata, Spriroclypeus, Baculogypsina,looks more like Late Oligocene) Palmieri, V. (1973)- Comparison of correlation methods for planktonic and larger foraminifera in the Caprocorn Basin, Queensland. Queensland Govt. Mining Jour. 74, p. 312-317. (Degree of Curvature in 2 wells between Miocene planktonic foram zones N4- N14 from N Australia. Above Orbulina datum DOC 60-75%)) Palmieri, V. (1984)- Neogene foraminiferida from GSQ (Geological Survey of Queensland) Sandy Cape 1-3R bore, Queensland: a biostratigraphic appraisal. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimat., Palaeoecol. 46, p. 165-183. (Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, etc. in 300m of Late Tertiary above thin Late Oligocene marine sands) Paltrinieri, F., S. Sajekti & Suminta (1976)- Biostratigraphy of the Jatibungkus section (Lokulo area) in Central Java. Proc. 5th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 195-204. Pannekoek, A. (1936)- Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Altmiocenen Molluskenfauna von Rembang (Java). Ph.D. Thesis Univ. of Amsterdam, 80p. ('Contributions to the knowledge of the Early Miocene mollusk fauna of Rembang, E Java. Species descriptions, with little or no stratigraphy) Panuju (2010)- The high resolution Neogene and Quaternary nannoplankton zonation for Indonesian basins. Proc. 39th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Lombok, PIT-IAGI-2010-265, 14p. (New high resolution Neogene-Quaternary nannoplankton zonation for Indonesia, mostly based on material from NE Java, NW Java, Sumatra, Kutei, S Sulawesi, Salawati, Bintuni and Waipoga-Waropen Basins. The 21 standard zones of Martini (1971) can be subdivided into 58 subzones) Parker, F.L. (1967)- Late Tertiary biostratigraphy (planktonic foraminifera) of tropical Indo-Pacific deep-sea cores. Bull. Amer. Pal. 52, 235, p. 115- 208. (Late Miocene- Pliocene planktonic foram zonation on samples from deep sea cores and Fiji outcrop samples) Playford, G. (1982)- Neogene palynomorphs from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Palynology 6, p. 29-54. Polachan, S. & A. Racey (1993)- Lower Miocene larger foraminifera and petroleum potential of the Tai Formation, Mergui Group, Andaman Sea. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, 1-4, p. 487-496. Polhaupessy, A.A. (1990)- Late Cenozoic palynological studies on Java. Ph.D. Thesis University of Hull, 338p. (Unpublished) Polhaupessy, A.A. (1999)- Quaternary palynological study of the Trinil area, East Jawa. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 9, p. 1-7. Posthumus, O. (1929)- On paleobotanical investigations in the Dutch East Indies and adjacent regions. Bull. Jardin Botanique Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 10, 3, p. 374-384. (Review of papers on plant fossils from 1854 (Goppert, Java) until 1927) Prijosoesilo, P. (1972)- Calcareous nannoplankton, a new biostratigraphic tool in the oil industry with emphasis in Indonesia. Proc. 1st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 43-56.


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Provale, I. (1908)- Di alcune Nummulitine e Orbitoidine dell‘Isola di Borneo. Riv. Ital. Paleont. 14, p. 55-80. ('On some nummulitids and orbitoids from the island of Borneo'. Late Eocene Nummulites, Discocyclina (called Orthophragmina) and Pellatispira (called Assilina) from'Oudjou Halang' in C Borneo, collected by Bonarelli. No locality maps or stratigraphy) Provale, I. (1909)- Di alcune Nummulitine e Orbitoidine dell‘Isola di Borneo (parte seconda). Riv. Ital. Paleont. 15, p. 1-34. (Second part of above paper. Late Eocene- Early Miocene LBF from SE, E and NE Kalimantan. No locality maps or stratigraphy) Quilty, P.G. (1974)- Tertiary stratigraphy of Western Australia. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 21, 3, p. 301-318. Racey, A. (2001)- A review of Eocene nummulite accumulations: structure, formation and reservoir potential. J. Petrol. Geol. 24, p. 79-100. (Nummulite banks important Eocene hydrocarbon reservoirs in Tunisia, Libya) Rahardjo, A.T. (1999)- Perubahan iklim dan batas umur Pliosen-Plistosen berdasarkan analisis foraminifera dan palinologi di daerah Mojoroto, Mojokerto- Jawa Timur. Buletin Geol. (ITB) 3, 1, p. 1-13. ('Climate change and Pliocene-Pleistocene age boundary based on foraminifera and palynology analysis in the Mojokerto area, East Java') Rahardjo, A.T., A.A. Polhaupessy, S. Wiyono, L. Nugrahaningsi & E.B. Lelono (1994)- Zonasi pollen Tersier Pulau Jawa. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Jakarta, p. 77-87. (Java Eocene- Pliocene pollen zonation of 7 zones,calibrated to planktonic foram zonation) Rahardjo, W. (1982)- Depositional environment of nummulitic limestones of the Eastern Jiwo Hills, Bayat area, Central Java. Geol. Indonesia (IAGI) 9, p. 36-39. (Nummulites limestones are blocks redeposited in deeper water environment) Raju, D.S.N. (1974)- Study of Indian Miogypsinidae. Utrecht Micropal. Bull. 9, 148 p. (Study of Miogypsinoides- Miogypsina evolution in India, highly applicable to Indonesian faunas) Ratanasthien, B. (1984)- Spore and pollen dating of some Tertiary coal and oil deposits in Northern Thailand. In: Conf. Applications of geology at the National Development Chulalongkorn Univ., Bangkok 1984, p. 273280. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/7247.pdf) Ratanasthien, B. (2002)- Problems of Neogene biostratigraphic correlation in Thailand and surrounding areas. Rev. Mexicana Ciencias Geol. 19, 3, p. 235-241. (Main correlation tools in Thailand Neogene basins are vertebrate fossils and palynology) Reinhold, T. (1937)- Fossil diatoms of the Neogene of Java and their zonal distribution. Verh. Geol.Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. XII, p. 43-132, 21 plates. (Middle Miocene and younger diatoms from C and E Java) Renema, W. (2002)- Larger foraminifera as marine environmental indicators. Scripta Geol. 124, p. 1-260. Renema. W. (2005)- The genus Planorbulinella (Foraminiferida) in Indonesia. Scripta Geol. 129, p. 137-146. (Late Oligocene- Miocene Planorbulinella from Java, SE Borneo, W Sulawesi. Two new species) Renema, W. (2006)- Comment on “Significant Miocene larger foraminifera from South Central Java” by M.K. BouDagher-Fadel and S.W. Lokier. Revue Paleobiol. 25, 1, p. 405-406. (Argues for maintaining Lepidocyclina and Eulepidina as separate genera)


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Renema, W. (2007)- Fauna development of larger benthic foraminifera in the Cenozoic of Southeast Asia. In: W. Renema (ed.) Biogeography, time, and place: distributions, barriers, and islands, Topics in Geobiology 29, Springer, p. 179-215. (Overview of Far East Tertiary larger foraminifera zonations) Renema, W. (2008)- Internal archtecture of Miocene Pseudotaberina and its relation to Caribbean Archaiasins. Palaeontology 51, 1, p. 71-79. (Soritid LF Pseudotaberina malabarica described from material collected by Martin in 1911 from Burdigalian (Tf1) Jonggrangan Fm near Yogyakarta, C Java. Also known from W Java (Tf2), E Kalimantan, PNG, etc.) Renema, W., A. Racey & P. Lunt (2002)- Palaeogene Nummulitids (Foraminiferida) from the Indonesian Archipelago: a review. Cainozoic Res. 2, 1-2, p. 23-78. (also in Renema 2002, Scripta Geol. 124, p. 110-165) (60 species of Nummulites reported from Indonesia: 7 believed to be valid. Sangiran mud volcano boulders of Nummulites-Pellatispira limestone with N. gerthi/ N. pengaronensis and planktonic foraminifera (P15; around M-L Eocene boundary. Timor Miomaffo samples with Nummulites and Pellatispira) Resiwati, P., J.W. Farrell, T.R. Janecek, J.K. Weissel et al. (1992)- Calibration of Late Neogene calcareous nannofossil datum planes with the paleomagnetic record From Site 758, ODP Leg 121, Ninetyeast Ridge, Indian Ocean. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Asssoc. (IAGI), 2, p. 417-436 Ritsema, L. (1951)- Description de quelques Alveolines de Timor: resultat d’une elaboration de la methode des courbe d’indice de Reichel. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B54, 2, p. 174-182. (Eocene limestones with five species of Alveolina, collected by Van West in Miomaffo region, W Timor) Robba, E. (1996)- The Rembangian (Middle Miocene) mollusc-fauna of Java, Indonesia: I. Archaeogastropoda. Rivista Ital. Paleont. Strat. 102, p. 267-292. Rocha, A.T. & M.L. Ubaldo (1964)- Foraminiferos do Terciario Superior e do Quaternario da provincia Portuguesa de Timor. Mem. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar 51, Lisboa, 180 p. (E Timor Late Tertiary- Quaternary foraminifera; in Portuguese with English summary) Rogl, F. (1974)- The evolution of the Globorotalia truncatulinoides and Globorotalia crassaformis group in the Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Timor Trough, DSDP Leg 27, Site 262. In: J.J. Veevers et al. (eds.) Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drill. Proj. 27, Washington, p. 769-771. Rozeboom, J.J. (1961)- Paleontologic methods of correlation in Central Sumatra, Indonesia. Publ. Council Sci., 2, p. 199-209. Rubiyanto, K. & A.H. Harsolumakso (1996) Studi nannoplankton pada Formasi Karangsambung dan Totogan di daerah Luk Ulo, Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Bul. Geol., Institut Tekn. Bandung, 26, 1, p.13- 43. ('Nannoplankton studies in the Karangsambung and Totogan formations, Lok Ulo area, Kebumen, C. Java') Rutten, L. (1911)- On Orbitoides of the Balikpapan Bay, East coast of Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 1911, p.p. 1122-1139. (Online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (Lepidocyclinids from Balikpapan Bay. No good illustrations) Rutten, L. (1912)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 1. Uber Miogypsina von Ost-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 9, p. 201-213. ('On Miogypsina from East Kalimantan'. Miocene Miogypsina from Balikpapan Bay and Bontang areas, incl. Miogypsina bifida n.sp.) Rutten, L. (1912)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 2. Uber Foraminiferen aus dem Gebiet des oberen Kapoewas-Moeroeng, Sud-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 9, p. 213- 217.


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('Foraminifera from the Upper Kapuas- Murung area, South Kalimantan'. Early Miocene foram limestones from Sg, Mahanjong with large Lepicyclina formosa and Cycloclypeus communis) Rutten, L. (1912)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 3. Eine neue Alveolinella von Ost-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 9, p. 219-224. (Alveolinella bontangensis n. sp. from Miocene marl with Miogypsina 20 km W of Bontang, E Kalimantan. Now assigned to Flosculinella) Rutten, L. (1914)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 4. Neue Fundstellen von Tertiaren Foraminiferen in Ost-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 9, p. 281-307. (’New localities of Tertiary foraminifera in E Kalimantan’. Mainly on Miocene Lepidocyclina near Balikpapan, Bontang) Rutten, L. (1914)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 5. Einige Foraminiferen aus dem Ostarm von Celebes. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 9, p. 307-320. ('Some foraminifera from the east arm of Sulawesi'. Includes an Eocene sample with Alveolina wichmanni n. sp.. Rutten footnote: “it is remarkable that the Eocene fauna of Celebes is more similar to samples from New Guinea than Java and Borneo”) Rutten, L. (1914)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 6. Lepidocyclinenkalke von Batoe Poetih bei Poeroek Tjahoe, Sud- Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 9, p. 320- 322. ('Lepidocyclinea limestones of Bau Putih near Puruk Cahu, South Kalimantan'. Coralline nummulitid limestones described by Hirschi from Batu Putih rich in large Lepidocyclina formosa (= Eulepidina), therefore not Eocene, but Oligocene or early Miocene age) Rutten, L. (1914)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 7. Zwei Fundstellen von Lepidocyclina aus Java. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 9, p. 322-324. ('Two localities with Lepidocyclina on Java'. W Java limestone belt between Cibadak- Sukabumi- Tagogapu (=Rajamandala Limestone; HvG) characterized by large Lepidocyclina. Rutten not sure if earliest Miocene or Oligocene) Rutten, L.M.R. (1914)- Foraminiferen-fuhrende Gesteine von Niederlandisch Neu-Guinea. Nova Guinea 6, Geol. 2, p. 21-51. (Description of foraminifera-bearing rocks from the 1903 Netherlands New Guinea Expedition collected by Wichmann. Includes reports of Lacazina larger foram in Eocene of Dramai Island SE of Triton Bay, Miocene Lepidocyclina associated with arc volcanics on Arimoa Islands off N New Guinea, etc.) Rutten, L. (1915)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 8. Vier Eozanvorkommen aus Ost-Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 10, p. 3-10. ('Four Eocene localities in East Kalimantan'. Eocene at Sg Bungalun (with Pellatispira, but called Calcarina), Mangkalihat Peninsula, Tj. Seilor (N. fichteli= E Oligocene ?) and black Nummulites limestone from Sebuku River) Rutten, L. (1915)- Studien uber Foraminiferen aus Ost-Asien, 9. Tertiare Foraminiferen von den Inseln Balambangan und Banguey, nordlich von Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden (1), 10, p. 11-18. (Miocene and Eocene larger forams fromBalambangan and Banguey islands North of British Borneo) Rutten, L. (1915)- Eocene orbitoiden en nummulieten van Paloe Laoet. Jaarboek Mijnwezen 43 (1914), Verhand. 2, p. 74-77. (Orthophragmina (=Discocyclina) and Nummulites demonstrate Eocene age of marl formation above the sandstone- coal beds on Pulau Laut, SE Borneo)


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Rutten, L. (1916)- Foraminiferen-kalksteenen uit de Tidoengsche landen (Noord-Oost Borneo). Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 44, p. 29-32. (Eocene larger forams incl. Pellatispira collected by Munniks de Jongh (1913) in upper Tarakan basin, NE Borneo) Rutten, L. (1920)- On Foraminifera-bearing rocks from the basin of the Lorentz River (Southwest Dutch New Guinea). Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 22, 2, p. 606-614. (online at http://www.digitallibrary.nl) (Eocene Alveolina-Lacazina and Nummulites and Miocene Lepidocyclina foraminiferal limestone pebbles from Lorentz River (S foreland of Central Range) and Wilhelmina/ Trikora peak) Rutten, L. (1920)- Kleine mededeelingen over foraminiferen uit Nederlandsch-Indie. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 23, 6, p. 539-544. (Short notes on foraminifera from the Dutch Indies'. See English version below) Rutten, L. (1924)- Some notes on Foraminifera from the Dutch Indies. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 27, 7-8, p. 529-534. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015069.pdf) (English version of Rutten (1920). Includes: (1) occurrence of Late Neogene Linderina (=Planorbulinella; HvG) limestone from Bacan; (2) Lepidocyclina acuta, a stellate species from Balikpapan area, (3) Late Neogene age of limestones on Karama(ng) Island in Pare-Pare Bay, S Sulawesi, and (4) very small Lepidocyclinacf. epigona from Globigerina-chert from Skru Island, W New Guinea)) Rutten, L. (1924)- Over de foraminiferenfauna en den ouderdom van kalksteenen uit Zuid-Celebes afkomstig uit de groep der vischresten-bevattende gesteenten. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie 52 (1923), Verh., p. 173183. (Foraminifera from limestones associated with fish fossils in S Sulawesi with Spiroclypeus, Lepidocyclina (N.) brouweri n.sp., probably of Aquitanian age) Rutten, L. (1926)- Over Tertiaire foraminiferenhoudende gesteenten uit Beraoe (Oost Borneo). Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 7, 4, p. 297-328. (Oligocene and Miocene larger forams from Berau region, E Borneo) Rutten, M.G. (1948)- On the contemporaneous occurrence of Lepidocyclina and Discocyclina in Northern Borneo. Geol. Mijnbouw 10, 8, p. 170-172. Rutten, M.G. (1950)- Comparison of Lepidocyclina zeijlmansi Tan from Borneo with Lepidocyclina birmanica Rao from Burmah. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 53, 2, p. 196-198. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018769.pdf) (Larger foram genus Lepidocyclina very rare in Eocene of SE Asia. Only occurrence is Lepidocyclina zeijlmansi Tan Sin Hok 1936 from northern Central Borneo. L. birmanica Rao 1942 from Eocene of Burma is a distinct, but closely related species. Both belong in subgenus Polylepidina) Saint-Marc, P. & Suminta (1979)- Biostratigraphy of Late Miocene and Pliocene deep water sediments of eastern Java (Indonesia). J. Foram. Res. 9, 2, p. 106-117. (Planktonic foraminiferea from Late Miocene- Pleistocene Globigerina marls in Ngepung section, Kendeng zone) Saito, T. (1962)- Eocene planktonic foraminifera from Hahajima (Hillsborough Island). Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., 45, p. 209-225. (Ujie 1977: Porticulosphaera mexicana zone (P15) planktonics with (overlying?) abundant Nummulites boninensis) Saito, T. (1963)- Miocene planktonic foraminifera from Honshu, Japan. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Univ., Sendai, Ser. 2 (Geol.) 35, 2, p. 123-209.


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Saito, T. (1977)- Late Cenozoic planktonic forminiferal datum levels: the present state of knowledge toward accomplishing Pan-Pacific stratigraphic correlation. Proc. First Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene stratigraphy, Tokyo 1976, p. 61-80. Saito, T., L.H. Burckle & J.D. Hays (1975)- Late Miocene to Pleistocene biostratigraphy of equatorial Pacific sediments. In: Late Neogene Epoch boundaries, Micropaleontology Press, p. 226-244. Samanta, B.K. (1964)- The occurrence of Indo-Pacific Discocyclina in Eastern India. Micropaleontology 10, 3, p. 339-353. (Three species of Discocyclina, D. Javana, D. omphalus and D. pygmaea, originally described from Indonesia, recorded from Middle-Upper Eocene beds of Garo Hills, Assam, E India) Samanta, B.K. (1968)- Nummulites (Foraminifera) from the Upper Eocene Kopili Formation of Assam, India. Palaeontology 11, 5, p. 669-682. (Lower part of Upper Eocene Kopili Fm in Garo Hills, Assam, with abundant larger foraminifera including Asterocyclina, Discocyclina, Pellatispira, Nummulites pengaronensis, N. chavannesi, N. fabianii, etc.) Samanta, B.K. (1969)- Taxonomy and stratigraphy of the Indian species of Discocyclina (foraminifera). Geol. Mag. 106, p. 115-129. Samanta, B.K. (1984)- The genus Biplanispira Umbgrove (Foraminiferida) and its occurrence in India. Geol. Mag. 121, 4, p. 311-318. (Biplanispira closely related to Pellatispira, from which it probably arose. Biplanispira is confined to region between E India and Eua, Tonga, and restricted to middle and upper parts of Upper Eocene. In Upper Eocene of Garo Hills, E India, it is represented by B. hoffmeisteri (Whipple) and in Andaman Islands by B. mirabilis) Sartorio, D. & S. Venturini (1988)- Southern Tethys biofacies. AGIP, San Donato Milanese, 235 p. (Atlas of photomicrographs of Cambrian- Pliocene carbonates, mainly from Mediterranean region) Sastri, V.V. & T.S. Bedi (1962)- On the occurrence of Miogypsina, Cycloclypeus, Orbulina in the Miocene of the Andaman Islands. Current Sci. India 31, p. 20-21. Scheffen, W. (1932)- Zur Lepidocyclinen-Bestimmung. De Mijningenieur 13, p. 97-99. ('On the identification of Lepidocyclina's.) Scheffen, W. (1932)- Ostindische Lepidocyclinen, Teil I. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl-Indie 21, p. 4-76. (‘East Indies Lepidocyclinids’. Paleontological paper describing dozen new 'species' and varieties of Lepidocyclina. Little or nothing on localities, stratigraphic significance, etc.) Scheffen, W. (1932)- Zur Morphologie und Morphogenese der 'Lepidocyclinen'. Palaont. Zeitschr. 14, 4, p. 233-256. Scheibner, C., R.P. Speijer & A.M. Marzouk (2005)- Turnover of larger foraminifera during the PaleoceneEocene Thermal Maximum and paleoclimatic control on the evolution of platform ecosystems. Geology 33, 6, p. 493-496. (Larger-foraminifera turnover (LFT) at Paleocene-Eocene transition involves rapid increase in species and, shell size. LFT coincides with Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Because of vulnerability of corals to high surface-water temperatures, global warming may have favored larger foraminifera at expense of corals as main carbonate-producing component on carbonate platforms at lower latitudes) Schipper, J. & C.W. Drooger (1974)- Miogypsinidae from East Java and Madura. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B77, 1, p. 1-14.


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(Three E-M Miocene miogypsinid species assemblages from same samples studied for lepidocyclinids and planktonics by Van der Vlerk and Postuma (1967): rel. long-lived M. globulina (N5-N7?), M. cushmani (~N8?) and M. antillea (Gr. peripheroronda zone; N9)) Schlumberger, C. (1893)- Note sur les genres Trillina et Linderina. Bull. Soc. Geol. France (3), 22, p. 118(First description of (Austro)Trillina howchini from Muddy Creek, Victoria, S Australia) Schlumberger, C. (1894)- Note sur Lacazina wichmanni Schlumb. Bull. Soc. Geol. France (3), 22, p. 295-298. (Lacazina wichmanni new species described from limestone from Triton Bay area, Lengguru foldbelt, collected by Wichmann. Species also known from New Caledonia ?; Koolhoven 1929.) Schlumberger, C. (1896)- Note sur le genre Tinoporus. Mem. Soc. Zool. France 1896, 9, p. 87-90. (Description of Recent species Baculogypsina floresiana n.sp. from S coast of Flores, and comparison with Baculogypsina sphaerulata, common in Indian and Pacific Oceans) Schlumberger, C. (1900)- Note sur le genre Miogypsina. Bull. Soc. Geol. France (3), 28, p. 327-332. (Miogypsina complanata n.sp. and other Miogypsinas from S France) Schlumberger, C. (1900)- Note sur deux especes de Lepidocyclina des Indes Neerlandaises. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden (1), 6, 3, 4, p. 128-134. ('Note on two species of Lepidocyclina from the Netherlands Indies') Schlumberger, C. (1902)- Note sur un Lepidocyclina nouveau de Borneo. Sammlung. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden (1), 6, p. 250-253. ('Note on a new Lepidocyclina from Borneo'. Lepidocyclina formosa (= Eulepidina; HvG), a new species from Teweh, upper Barito area, SE Kalimantan) Schubert, R.J. (1910)- Ueber Foraminiferen und einen Fischotolithen aus dem fossilen Globigerinenschlamm von Neu-Guinea. Verhandl. k.k. Geol. Reichsanst., Wien, p. 318-328. ('On foraminifera and a fish otolith from the fossil Globigerina marls of New Guinea'') Schubert, R.J. (1911)- Die fossilen Foraminiferen des Bismarckarchipels und einiger angrenzender Inseln. Abh. kon.kais. Geol. Reichsanst., Wien, 20, 4, 130p. (‘Fossil foraminifera from the Bismarck Archipelago and some adjacent islands’ Oligocene- M Miocene limestones with larger foraminifera and Late Miocene- Pliocene Globigerina-rich pelagic sediments) Schubert, R.J. (1913)- Beitrag zur fossilen Foraminiferenfauna von Celebes. Jahrbuch k.k. Geol. Reichanstalt 62 (1912), 4, p. 127-150. (Foraminifera from N and E arms of Celebes. Mainly young Miocene- Pliocene. Some E-M Miocene carbonates with Miogypsina, Lepidocyclina) Schwager, C. (1866)- Fossile Foraminiferen von Kar Nikobar. Novara Expedition, 1857–1859, Wien, Geol. Theil, 2, p. 187-268. ('Fossil foraminifera from Kar-Nikobar') Serra-Kiel, J., L. Hottinger, E. Caus, K. Drobne, C. Fernandez, A.K. Jauhri, G. Less, R. Pavlovec, J. Pignatti et al. (1998)- Larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Tethyan Paleocene and Eocene. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 169, 2, p. 281-299. (20 shallow benthic zones in Paleo-Eocene, based on alveolinids, nummulitids and orthophragminids. Correlation with Berggren et al. (1995) time scale based on magnetostratigraphic data from Pyrenean Basin and correlation with nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera zonations in E and C part of Tethys)


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Shafik, S. & G.H. Chaproniere (1978)- Nannofossil and planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy around the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in parts of the Indo-Pacific region. Bur. Min. Res. (BMR) J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 3, p. 135-151. (a.o. find overlapping ranges of Globigerinoides primordius and Globorotalia opima in combined zone N3/N4. Globigerinoides first appearance datum is in Late Oligocene) Sharaf, E.F., M.K. Boudagher-Fadel, J.A. Simo & A.R. Carroll (2005)- Biostratigraphy and strontium isotope dating of Oligocene-Miocene strata, East Java, Indonesia. Stratigraphy 2, 3, 19p. Sharma, V., S. Singh & N. Rawal (1999)- Early Middle Miocene Radiolaria from Nicobar Islands, Northeast Indian Ocean. Micropaleontology 45, 3, p. 251-277. (Nicobar islands radiolarian assemblages with 120 species of Dorcadospyris alata Zone (~15-13 Ma)). Sheps, K. (2004)- Quantitative paleoenvironmental analysis of carbonate platform sediments on the Marion Plateau (NE Australia, ODP Leg 194). M.Sc. Thesis, College of Marine Science, University S Florida, 105 p. (online at www.etd.fcla.edu/SF/SFE0000546/kshepsthesis.pdf) (Paleoenvironmental distribution of Large Benthic Foraminifera, etc.) Shuto, T. (1969)- Neogene gastropods from Panay Island, the Philippines. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ., ser. D., Geol. 19, p. 1-250. Shuto, T. (19719)- Neogene bivalves from Panay Island, the Philippines. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ., ser. D., Geol. 21, p. 1-73. Shuto, T. (1975)- Preliminary correlation of the Neogene molluscan faunas in Southeast Asia. Geol.Palaeont. Southeast Asia 15, p. 289-301. Shuto, T. (1977)- Correlation of Neogene formation of Southeast and South Asia by means of molluscan faunas. In: T. Saito & H. Ujiie, H. (eds) Proc. First Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Tokyo 1976, p. 133-144. Shuto, T. (1978)- Notes on Indonesian Tertiary and Quaternary gastropods mainly described by the late Professor K. Martin, II. Potamididae and Cerithiidae. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia, 19, p. 113-160. Shuto, T. (1978)- Molluscan biohorizons in the Indo- West Pacific Neogene. Proc. 2nd Working Group Meeeting Biostrat Datum Planes in the Pacific, Bandung 1977. IGCP Project 114, p. 99-110. Shyu, J.P. & C.M. Mueller (1991)- Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Celebes and Sulu Seas. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 133-159. Siemon, F. (1929)- Jungtertiare Molluskenfauna aus Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Ber. Naturforsch. Ges. Freiburg 29, p. 309-369. ('Young Tertiary mollusk fauna from Netherlands East Indies') Sieverts, H. (1934)- Fossile Brechiten (Aspergillen), besonders aus dem ostindischen Tertiär. Palaeontol. Zeitschr. 16, p. 263-275. ('Fossil Brechites (Aspergillen), particularly from the East Indies Tertiary'. Descriptions of tube-dwelling molluscs, including fossils from Pliocene of Muna Island and Miocene of Brunei, collected by Bothe) Simmons, M.D., M.D. Bidgood, P. Brenac, P.D. Crevello, J.J. Lambiase & C.K. Morley (1999)- Microfossil assemblages as proxies for precise palaeoenvironmental determination- an example from Miocene sediments from North-West Borneo. In: R.W. Jones & M.D. Simmons (eds.) Biostratigraphy in production and development geology, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 152, p. 219-241. (Palynomorphs and foraminifera allow distinction of paleoenvironments where core is absent)


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Singh R.K. & A.K. Gupta (2004)- Late Oligocene-Miocene paleoceanographic evolution of the southeastern Indian Ocean: Evidence from deep-sea benthic foraminifera (ODP Site 757). Marine Micropal. 51, p. 153-170. Singh R.K. & A.K. Gupta (2010)- Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal changes in the eastern Indian Ocean (ODP Hole 757B): their links to deep Indonesian (Pacific) flow and high latitude glaciation during the Neogene. Episodes 33, 2, p. 74-82. (26.5 Ma record of deep-sea benthic forams from ODP Hole 757B on Ninetyeast Ridge, SE Indian Ocean. Major reorganization at 14.5-11.5 Ma coinciding with expansion of Antarctic ice sheets and major increase in deep flow from Pacific through Indonesian seaway) Sinha, D.K. & A.K. Singh (2008)- Late Neogene planktic foraminiferal biochronology of the ODP Site 763A, Exmouth Plateau, Southeast Indian Ocean. J. Foram. Res. 38, p. 251-270. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/38/3/251.full.pdf) (Late Miocene-Pleistocene planktonic foram zonation and numerical age calibration of datum levels) Siregar, P. & Harsono Pringgoprawiro (1981)- Stratigraphy and planktonic foraminifera of the EoceneOligocene Nanggulan Formation, Central Java. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Pal. Ser. 1, p. 9-28. (M Eocene- Early Oligocene planktonic forams in Nanggulan Fm marine clastic section overlain by Old Andesites) Skwarko, S.K. (1994)- Mollusca in Indonesian Cenozoic biostratigraphy (a computerised compilation), 1. Introductory chapters, Amphineura, Cephalopoda, Scaphopoda. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, p. 1-125. Skwarko, S.K. & E. Sufiati (1994)- Mollusca in Indonesian Cenozoic biostratigraphy (a computerised compilation), 3. Gastropoda. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Sect., p. 1-796. Skwarko, S.K., E. Sufiati & A. Limbong (1994) Mollusca in Indonesian Cenozoic biostratigraphy (a computerised compilation), 2. Bivalvia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Sect., p. 1-326. Soeka, S., Suminta, E. Thayib & T. Sudjaah (1980)- Neogene benthonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and datum-planes of East-Jawa basin. Proc. 9th Ann. Mtg. Indon. Geol. Assoc. IAGI, Yogyakarta, p. Soeka, S., Suminta & W. Sis (1981)- Neogene benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and datum-planes of East Java basin. Lemigas Scient. Contr. 1, p. Sowmi, K. (1973)- Florschuetzia, a fossil Sonneratoid pollen genus from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sci. Repts. Tohoku Univ., ser. 4 (Biol.), 36, p. 2610266 Srinivasan, M.S. (1977)- Standard planktonic foraminiferal zones of the Andaman-Nicobar Late Cenozoic: Recent Researches in Geol. 3, p. 23-79. Srinivasan, M.S. & S.N. Chaturvedi (1992)- Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biochronology of the DSDP sites along the Ninetyeast Ridge, Northern Indian Ocean. In: K. Ishizaki & T. Saito (eds.) Centenary of Japanese micropaleontology, Terra Scient. Publ., Tokyo, p. 175-188. (online at: http://svr4.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/cjm/pdf/0175.pdf) (Neogene planktonic foram biostratigraphy of Ninety East Ridge, N Indian Ocean, DSDP sites. Absence of Pulleniatina spectabilis suggests effective closing of Indonesian Seaway in M Miocene, etc.) Srinivasan, M.S. & J.P. Kennett (1981)- Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and evolution: Equatorial to Subantarctic, South Pacific. Marine Micropal. 6, p. 499-533.


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Srinivasan, M.S. & J.P. Kennett (1981)- A review of Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy applications in the equatorial and South Pacific. In: J.E. Warme et al. (eds.) The Deep Sea Drilling Project, a decade of progress, SEPM Spec. Publ. 32, p. 395-432. Srinivasan, M.S., J.P. Kennett & P. Rodda (1981)- Late Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, Suva, Fiji. J. Paleontol. 55, 4, p. 858-867. Srinivasan, M.S. & D.K. Sinha (1992)- Late Neogene planktonic foraminiferal events of the Southwest Pacific and Indian Ocean: a comparison. In: R. Tsuchi & J. Ingle (eds.) Pacific Neogene: environment, evolution and events. Univ. of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, p. 203-220. Srinivasan, M.S. & S.S. Srivastava (1975)- Late Neogene biostratigraphy and planktonic foraminifera of Andaman- Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengal. In: Late Neogene Epoch boundaries, Micropaleontology Press, p. 124-161. Stainforth, R.M., J.L. Lamb, H.P. Luterbacher, J.H. Beard & R.M. Jeffords (1975)- Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera zonation and characteristics of index forms. Univ. Kansas Paleont. Contr. 62, 425 p. Su, X., Y. Xu & Q. Tu (2004)- Early Oligocene- Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Northern South China sea (Leg 184, sites 1146-1148). In: W.L. Prell, P. Wang et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 184, 224, p. 1-24. Sukandarrumidi (1986)- Neogene foraminifera from the Rembang Basin, East Java, Indonesia. M.Sc. Thesis University of Wales, 292p. Sukandarrumidi (1989)- Late Cenozoic foraminifera from West Java (Jatibarang oil field, Java Sea). Ph.D. Thesis University of Wales, 730p. Suyoto, A.T. Rahardjo, A.A. Polhaupessy, S. Wiyono, L. Nugrahaningsih & E.B. Lelono (1994)- Zonasi polen Tersier Pulau Jawa. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 77- 87. ('Tertiary pollen zonation of Java') Takahashi, K. (1982)- Miospores from the Eocene Nanggulan Formation in the Yogyakarta region, Central Java. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S. 126, p. 303-326. Takayama, T. (1984)- Coccolith biostratigraphy in Southeast Asia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 25, p. 303-304. Tan Sin Hok (1927)- Over de samenstelling en het ontstaan van krijt- en mergel-gesteenten van de Molukken. Jaarb. Mijnwezen Nederl.-Indie 55 (1926), Verhand. 3, p. 5-165. (also Ph.D. Thesis, Delft Unversity, 165p.) (‘On the composition and origin of chalks and marls of the Moluccas’. Pioneering study of radiolarians and calcareous nannoplankton from deep water sediments of Timor, Roti, Yamdena, Halmahera, etc. Very little stratigraphic context of samples ) Tan Sin Hok (1927)- Discoasteridae Incertae Sedis. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 30, 3, p. 411-419. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015461.pdf) (First publication on 'aragonite stars' (calcareous nannofossils/coccoliths) from E Indonesia, including new Late Pliocene species of Discoaster: D. brouweri, D. molengraaffi, D. pentaradiatus, etc.). Tan Sin Hok (1930)- Enkele opmerkingen over de stratigraphische verspreiding van Trybliolepidina v.d. Vlerk. De Mijningenieur 11, p. 144-146. ('Some remarks on the stratigraphic distibution of Trybliolepidina'. This most evolved Lepidocyclina subgenus regarded by Van der Vlerk as limited to upper Tertiary f, but questioned by TSH)


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Tan Sin Hok (1930)- Over Spiroclypeus met opmerkingen over zijn stratigraphische verspreiding. De Mijningenieur 11, 9, p. 180-184. ('On Spiroclypeus and its stratigraphic distribution'. Evolution from larger foram Heterostegina to Spiroclypeus in middle part of Tertiary e= Late Oligocene) Tan Sin Hok (1930)- Over Cycloclypeus: voorlopige resultaten eener biostratigraphische studie. De Mijningenieur 11, 12, p. 233-242. ('On Cycloclypeus: preliminary results of a biostratigraphic study'. Larger foram genus known from Early Oligocene- Recent. Reported in more detail in 1932)) Tan Sin Hok (1931)- Discoasteridae, Coccolithinae and Radiolaria. In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Feestbundel K. Martin, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, p. 92-114. (Listings of calcareous nannoplanton and radiolaria species reported by 1931 from Indonesia) Tan Sin Hok (1932)- On the genus Cycloclypeus Carpenter, Part 1 and an appendix on the Heterostegines of Tjimanggoe, S. Bantam, Java. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, 19, p. 1-194. (Classic paper on evolution and species of Early Oligocene- Recent Cycloclypeus in West Java) Tan Sin Hok (1935)- Uber Lepidocyclina gigantea Martin von Sud-Priangan (West-Java), Tegal (Mittel-Java) und Benkoelen (Sud-Sumatra). De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV (Mijnbouw en Geologie), 4, 2, p. 1-8. Tan Sin Hok (1935)- Die peri-embryonalen Aquatorialkammern bei einigen Orbitoiden. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV (Mijnbouw en Geologie), 4, 2, p. 113-126. Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Lepidocyclina zeylmansi n.sp., eine neue Polylepidina von Zentral Borneo, nebst Bemerkungen uber die verschiedenen Entstehungsweisen der Lepidocyclinen. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie, IV Mijnbouw en Geol., 3, 1, p. 7-14. Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Over verschillende paleontologische criteria voor de geleding van het Tertiair. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie, IV, 3, p. 173-179. (Discussion of value of various larger foram genera for biostratigraphic subdivision of the Tertiary) Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Vindplaatsen van Globotruncana Cushman in West-Borneo. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 96, p. 14(Localities with Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera in W Borneo) Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Bemerkungen uber die Cycloclypeen von Sipoera (Mentawai-Inseln). Geol. Mijnbouw 15, p. 57(‘Remarks on Cycloclypeus from Sipura, Mentawai Islands’) Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lepidocycliniden. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 39, 8, p. 990-999. (First Polylepidina-type Lepidocyclina from the Indo-Pacific, from tributary of Mahakam River, E Borneo) Tan Sin Hok (1936) - Zur Kenntnis der Lepidocycliniden. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indië 96, p. 235-280. (Mainly a critical review of Barker & Grimsdale 1936 paper on American lepidocyclinids. No figures or data) Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Lepidocyclina zeijlmansi nov. sp., eine polylepidine Orbitoide von Zentral Borneo, nebst Bemerkungen uber die verschiedenen Einteilungsweisen der Lepidocyclinen. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie, IV, 3, 1, p. 7-15. (“Lepidocyclina zeylmansi, a polylepinid orbitoid from Central Borneo, with remarks on various classifications of the lepidocyclinids’. First (and only?) record of Eocene lepidocyclinid from Indonesia)


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Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Zur Kenntnis der Miogypsiniden. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie IV, 3, 3, p. 45-61. (‘On the knowledge of Miogypsinids’. First of series of five papers on miogypsinid evolution and species in Indonesia. Miogypsinids probably evolved from Rotalia. Five types/ stages: M. complanata, M. borneensis, M. ecuadorensis, M. indonesiensis and M. bifida) Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Zur Kenntnis der Miogypsiniden. I Fortzetsung. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie, IV 3, 5, p. 8498. ('On the knowledge of the Miogypsinids- First continuation'. Discussion of more 'obscure' Miogypsian species and details of chamber patterns and stolons)) Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Zur Kenntnis der Miogypsiniden. II Fortzetsung und Schlusz. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie IV, 3, 7, p. 109-123. ('On the knowledge of the Miogypsinids- Second continuation and end'. Discussion of growth patterns of miogypsinid and other larger forams and remarks on stratigraphic distribution and interregional correlations. No illustrations) Tan Sin Hok (1936)- Over verschillende paleontolgische criteria voor de geleding van het Tertiair. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie IV, 3, 9, p. 173-179. ('On the different paleontological criteria for the subdivision of the Tertiary') Tan Sin Hok (1937)- Note on Miogypsina kotoi Hanzawa. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie IV, 4, 2, p. 3-32. Tan Sin Hok (1937)- Weitere Untersuchungen uber die Miogypsiniden I. De Ingen. in Nederl. Lndie IV, 4, 3, p. 35-45. ('Further investigations on the Miogypsinids- I'. Miolepidocyclina excentrica n.sp. from Madura) Tan Sin Hok (1937)- Weitere Untersuchungen uber die Miogypsiniden II. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie, 4, 6, p. 87-111. ('Further investigations on the Miogypsinids- II'. Mainly on Miogypsina indonesiensis group, here reclassified as subspecies of M. cushmani) Tan Sin Hok (1937)- On the genus Spiroclypeus Douville with a description of the Eocene Spiroclypeus vermicularis nov.sp. from Koetai in East Borneo. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 4, 10, p. 177-193. (p.179: mention of Biplanispira in Wani series of Buton) Tan Sin Hok (1939)- The results of phylomorphogenetic studies of some larger foraminifera (a review). De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie 4, 7, p. 93-97. Tan Sin Hok (1939)- Remarks on the “Letter classification” of the East Indian Tertiary. De Ingen. in Nederl. lndie 4, 6, 7, p. 98-101. Tan Sin Hok (1943)- Note on the occurrence of Miogypsinoides Yabe and Hanzawa in Oligocene deposits. Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo 19, 9, p. 585-586. Tappenbeck, D. (1936)- Uber Tertiare Foraminiferengesteine von Sipoera (Mentawei-Inseln). Proc.Kon. Akad Wetensch. Amsterdam 39, 5, p. 3-11. (Eocene Ta and E Miocene Te limestones with larger foraminifera on Sipoera Island, off W Sumatra) Tenison Woods, J.E. (1899)- Tertiary foraminifera from Borneo. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 3, p. 245-264. Termier G. & A.F. Poignant (1982)- Une symbiose algue rouge-spongiare dans le Miocene inferieur de l'Indonesie. Compte Rendu Hebd. Acad. Sci. Paris, ser. 2, 294, D, p. 349-353. ('A red algae- sponge symbiosis from the Lower Miocene of Indonesia')


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Thalmann, H.E. (1933)- Zwei neue Vertreter der Foraminiferen-Gattung Rotalia Lamarck 1804: R. cubana nom. nov. und R. trispinosa nom. nov.. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 26, 2, p. 248-251. ('Two new representatives of the genus Rotalia Lamarck: R. cubaba new name and R. trispinosa') Thalmann, H.E. (1934)- Mitteilungen uber Foraminiferen I. Ecl. Geol. Helv. 27, 2, p. 428-440. ('Communications on foraminifera- I'. Includes discussion of Psueudorotalia schroeteriana group) Thalmann, H.E. (1935)- Mitteilungen uber Foraminiferen II. Ecl. Geol. Helv. 28, 2, p. 592-606. ('Communications on foraminifera- II'. Includes description of Pseudorotalia indopacifica n.sp.) Thalmann, H.E. (1937)- Mitteilungen uber Foraminiferen III. Ecl. Geol. Helv. 30, 2, p. 337-356. ('Communications on foraminifera- III') Thalmann, H.E. (1942)- Hantkenina in the Eocene of East Borneo. Stanford Univ. Publ., Geol. Sci. 3, 1, p. 124. Thalmann, H.E. (1942)- Occurrence of the genus Lacazina Munier-Chalmas in the East Indies. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 53, 12, p. 1838-1839. (Abstract only) Thalmann, H.E. (1946)- New occurrences of the foraminiferal genus Hantkenina in Europe and Asia. Abstract, Geol. Soc. America Bull. 57, 12, 2, p. 1236-1237. 1946. (New occurrences of Eocene planktonic foram genus Hantkenina Europe, E Borneo, and Seram island) Theodoridis, S. (1984)- Calcareous nannofossil biozonation of the Miocene and revision of the Helicoliths and Discoasters. Utrecht Micropal. Bull. 32, 271p. (Miocene nannofossil zonation, partly based on Miocene material of Solo River section, Kendeng zone, E Java) Tobler, A. (1926)- Miogypsina im untersten Neogen von Trinitad und Ost Borneo. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 19, 3, p. 719-721. (’Miogypsina in the basal Neogene of Trinidad and East Borneo’) Tobler, A. (1927)- Meandropsina im Tertiar von Ostborneo. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 20, 2, p. 321-323. (’Meandropsina in the Tertiary of East Borneo’. May be Pseudotaberina; Meandropsina is Cretaceous genus) Tobler, A. (1927)- Verkalkung der Lateralkammern bei Miogypsina. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 20, 2, p. 323-330. ('Calcification of the lateral chambers in Miogypsina') Todd, R. (1966)- Smaller foraminifera from Guam. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 403-1, p. 113-141. Ujie, H. (1966)- “Evolutionary line” of Miocene Miogypsinid populations- Restudy of Japanese Miogypsinids, Part 2. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. 9, 3, p. 413-430. Ujie, H. (1970)- Miocene foraminiferal faunas from the Sandakan Formation, North Borneo. Geol. Palaeont Southeast Asia 8, University of Tokyo Press, p. 165-185. (Sandakan Fm on Sandakan Peninsula, NE Sabah, >4500m thick clastic series, mostly barren, 3 samples with Middle Miocene planktonic forams) Ujie, H. (1973)- Distribution of the Japanese Miogypsina with description of new species. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 16, 1, p. 99-114. Ujie, H. (1977)- New species and subspecies of benthonic foraminifera from the Miocene Sandakan Formation, North Borneo. Geol. Palaeont Southeast Asia 18, p. 87-102. (Marine benthic forams descriptions; no stratigraphy)


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Ujie, H. & K. Matsumaru (1977)- Stratigraphic outline of Haha-jima (Hillsborough Island), Bonin Islands. (HahaJima Island in S Japan Izu-Bonin arc Eocene larger foraminifera in limestones associated with arc volcanics. Middle Eocene assemblages with large Nummulites boninensis, Asterocyclina, etc. Late Eocene oolitic calcarenite rich in Pellatispira) Ujie, H. & K. Oshima (1960)- Statistical characters of two Miogypsina assemblages from the Mizunami district, Gifu Prefecture. Restudy of Japanese Miogypsinids, Part 1. Sci. Repts. Tokyo Univ. Education 7, C, 62, p. 105116. Ujie, H. & T. Samata (1973)- Pliocene- Upper Miocene planktonic foraminiferal faunas Northern Mindanao, Philippines. In: Geology and Paleontology of Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 13, p. 129-144. (Planktonic foraminifera spanning zones upper N17- lower N21 in Opol Fm of N Mindanao) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1926)- Neogene en Pleistocene koralen van Sumatra. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 4, p. (‘Neogene and Pleistocene corals of Sumatra’) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1927)- Neogene foraminiferen van de Soengei Beboeloe, Pasir (Zuid Oost Borneo). Wetensch. Meded., Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 5, p. 28-41. (?Middle Miocene ‘Upper Tf’ larger foraminifera from SE Borneo) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1928)- Het genus Pellatispira in het Indo-Pacifische gebied. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie, Wetensch. Meded. 10, p.43-71. (Review of Late Eocene (Ta-Tb) larger foram genus Pellatispira in Indo-Pacific area. Seven species, five of which new) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1928)- A second species of Biplanispira from the Eocene of Borneo. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 10, p. 82-89. Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1929)- Lepidocyclina transiens, spec. nov. van Sumatra. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 9, p. 109-113. (New species of Lepidocyclina from marly limestone in Ayer Laje, a few km S of Bataraja, S Palembang, S Sumatra. Embryon advanced nephrolepidine to trybliolepidine. Probabbly Upper Tf, Middle-Late Miocene age) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1930)- Tertiary sea connections between Europe and the Indo-Pacific area. Proc. Fourth Pacific Science Congress, Java 1929, vol. IIA, p. 91-104. (Describing difficulties in Indonesia- Europe biostratigraphic correlations due to faunal provincialism) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1931)- Tertiary foraminifera. In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Feestbundel K. Martin, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, p. 36-91. (Listings of foraminifera species reported from Indonesia Tertiary) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1936)- Heterospira, a new foraminiferal genus from the Tertiary of Borneo. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 8, p. 155-157. (Description of new Eocene larger foram genus, subsequently renamed Biplanispira in 1937, Ibid., p. 309) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1938)- A second species of Biplanispira from the Eocene of Borneo. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 10, p. 82-89. Van Andel, T. (1948)- Some remarks on Nummulites javanus Verb. and Nummulites perforatus de Montf. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 51, 8, p. 1013-1023. (online at : http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018566.pdf) (Study of Nummulites perforatus from Mollo, W Timor, collected by Tappenbeck. Nummulites javanus (Verbeek) considered to be younger synonym)


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Van den Abeele, D. (1949)- Lepidocyclininae from Rembang (Java) with a description of L. wanneri n.sp. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. 52, 7, p. 760-765. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00018695.pdf) (Lepidocyclinids from Early Miocene 'orbitoidal limestone (OK)' of Rembang Beds near Sumberan, Bringin and Gegunung oilfield, SE of Rembang, collected by Wanner. Molluscs from same samples described by Wanner & Hahn (1935). Seven Lepidocyclina species, mainly subgenus Nephrolepidina, some Multilepidina. Lepidocyclina wanneri n.sp. introduced for specimens with multilepidine embryon) Van den Brink, H. (2002)- Neogene dinoflagellate cysts from a deep water well, offshore Sabah, northern Borneo. Proc. 34th Ann. Mtg. American Assoc. Strat. Palynologists, p. 278-279. (Abstract only) (Attempt to establish dinoflagellate cyst biozonation for Late Miocene- Recent in deep-water wells off Sabah and Brunei. Palynological assemblages dominated by land plant material; marine elements (dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs, algae) only 2-5% of microflora. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages similar to open oceanic assemblages fromE Indian Ocean and NE Australian margin) Van den Hoek Ostende, L.W., J. Leloux, F.P. Wesselingh & C.F. Winkler Prins (2002)- Cenozoic Molluscan types from Java (Indonesia) in the Martin Collection, National Museum of Natural History, Leiden. NNM Techn. Bull. 5, p. 1-130. Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1922)- Studien over Nummulinidae en Alveolinidae. Haar voorkomen op Soembawa en haar betekenis voor de geologie van Oost-Azie en Australie. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser 5, p. 329-464. ('Studies on Nummulinidae and Alveolinidae. Their occurrence on Sumbawa and significance for the geology of East Asia and Australia'. Limestones from Sumbawa with Miocene larger foraminifera, incl. Lepidocyclina spp., Alveolinella, Miogypsina, Cycloclypeus (incl. C. annulatus). Looks like mainly M Miocene; HvG. With lengthy discussions on Indonesia larger foram species and distribution) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1923)- Een nieuwe Cycloclypeus soort van Oost-Borneo. Samml. Geol. Reichs-Museums in Leiden 10, 3, p. 137-140. ('A new Cycloclypeus species from East Borneo'. Sample from Gunung Mlendong near Kari Orang, Kutai basin (no map or stratigraphy info) rich in ?M Miocene larger forams. Contains Cycloclypeus martini n.sp., which looks like and is associated with C. annulatus with concentric rings, but is smaller and supposedly has somewhat different embryon. Also with Flosculinella bontangensis, Lepidocyclina spp., etc) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1923)- Een overgangsvorm tusschen Orthophragmina en Lepidocyclina uit het Tertair van Java. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser 7, 2, p. 91-98. ('A transitional form between Orthophragmina and Lepidocyclina from the Tertiary of Java'. Description of new genus and species Orthocyclina soeroeanensis from Kali Soeroean, Bagelen area, C Java. Looks like an advanced M-L Miocene radiate Lepidocyclina (Trybliolepidina). Names never used by other workers; HvG) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1924)- Miogypsina Dehaartii nov. spec. de Larat (Moluques). Eclog. Geol. Helv. 18, p. 429-431. (New miogypsinid larger foram species from Larat, an island off SW coast of New Guinea, collected by BPM geologist De Haart. No locality info. No lateral chambers, so should be assigned to genus Miogypsinoides) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1924)- Foraminiferen uit het Tertiair van Java. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Oost-Indie, Wetensch. Meded. 1, p. 16-35. (Miocene larger forams from W. Java: Lepidocyclina rutteni n.sp. from Tji Lalang beds and Lepidocyclina/ Miogypsina/ Cycloclypeus from Nyalindung beds near Sukabumi) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1924)- De verspreiding van het foraminiferengeslacht Lepidocyclina en haar beteekenis voor de palaeogeographie. Handel. 3e Nederl. Indisch Natuurwet. Congr., Buitenzorg, p. 371-380. ('The distribution of the foraminiferal genus Lepidocyclina and its significance for paleogeography')


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Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1925)- A study of Tertiary Foraminifera from the "Tidoengsche Landen" (E. Borneo). Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnb. Nederl.-Indie 3, p. 13-32. (Late Oligocene- Early Miocene larger forams from Naintoepo and Tempilan beds, NE Kalimantan, collected by Leupold. Three new species of Spiroclypeus. Little or no stratigraphy) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1925)- Het foraminiferen genus Spiroclypeus en zijn beteekenis voor de stratigraphie van het Tertiair van den Indo-Australischen Archipel, Verhand. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kolon. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 561-568. (The larger foram genus Spiroclypeus and its stratigraphic significance) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1925)- Lepidocyclina mediocolumnata nov. spec. de Pasir (SE-Borneo). Eclog. Geol. Helv. 19, p. 267-269. (New species of Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) from Sungei Telakai, Pasir, SE Kalimantan. Associated with Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) formosa and Spiroclypeus, suggesting Late Oligocene- E Miocene age) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1928)- Het genus Lepidocyclina in het Indo-Pacifische gebied. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indiw, 8, p. 7-86. (Classification of Indo-Pacific Lepidocyclina, primarily based on characteristics of embryon: Eulepidina, Trybliolepidina, Nephrolepidina, Isolepidina and Pliolepidina) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1928)- The genus Lepidocyclina in the Far East. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 21, 1, p. 182-211. Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1929)- Groote foraminiferen van N.O. Borneo. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnb. Nederl.Indië, 9, p. 3-44. (NE Borneo Eocene-Miocene larger forams collected by Leupold from Tidungsche Landen, Bulungan and Mangkalihat Peninsula; stratigraphic table; no maps) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1931)- Cenozoic Amphineura, Gastropoda, lamellibranchiata, Scaphopoda. In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5 (K. Martin memorial volume), p. 206-296. (Listing of all Cenozoic mollusc species described from Indonesia before 1931) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1950)- Stratigraphy of the Caenozoic of the East Indies based on foraminifera. Rept. 18th Int. Geol. Congress, Great Britain 1948, 15, p. 61-63. (Summary of Tertiary larger foram Ta-Tg 'Letter zonation' used in shallow marine carbonates of Indonesia) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1951)- Tabulation of determinations of larger foraminifera. In: M. Reinhard & E. Wenk (eds.) Geology of the Colony of North Borneo, Bull. Geol. Survey Dept. British Territories Borneo 1, p. 137145. Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1955)- Correlation of the Tertiary of the Far East and Europe. Micropaleont. 1, p. 72-75. Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1959)- Modification de l’ontogenese pendant l’evolution des Lepidocyclines (Foraminiferes). Bull. Soc. Geol. France (7), 1, p. 669-673. Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1959)- Problems and principles of Tertiary and Quaternary stratigraphy. Quart. J. Geol. Soc., London, 115, p. 49- 63. Van der Vlerk, I.M . (1961)- Lepidocyclina radiata (K. Martin), 1880. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B64, 5, p. 620-626. (Description of type specimen of M-L Miocene Lepidocyclina radiata from south coast of W Java) Van der Vlerk, I. M. (1963)- Biometric research on Lepidocyclina. Micropalaeontology 9, p. 425-426.


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Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1966)- Miogypsinoides, Miogypsina, Lepidocyclina et Cycloclypeus de Larat (Moluques). Eclogae Geol. Helv. 59, p. 421-429. (Three limestone samples from central part of Larat Island, from which miogypsinids already described by Drooger (1953); also type locality of M. dehaartii Van der Vlerk 1924. No locality map or local stratigraphy. Miogypsinoides dehaartii and Miogypsina borneensis suggest Aquitanian age) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1966)- Stratigraphie du Tertiare des domaines Indo-Pacifiques et Mesogeen (essai de correlation). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B69, 3, p. 336-344. (Correlations between Far East and Europe using evolutionary stages of Lepidocyclina) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1968)- Two methods of worldwide correlation. Micropaleontology 14, 3, p. 334-338. (“Degree of curvature” preferred method over “grade of enclosure” to characterize evolutionary stage of Lepidocyclina) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1973)- Nomenclature and numerical taxonomy (name and number). Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 84, 1 (Kugler memorial Volume), p. 245-255. (Different ways of classifying Lepidocyclina) Van der Vlerk, I.M. (1973)- An improved method of biometric research. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet. B76, 4, p. 245-259. Van der Vlerk, I.M. & R.E. Dickerson (1927)- Distinctions among certain genera of larger foraminifera for the field geologist of the East Indies. J. Paleont. 1, 3, p. 185-192. (Larger foraminifera can be used by field geologists to determine broad ages of Tertiary limestones) Van der Vlerk, I.M. & H. Gloor (1968)- Evolution of an embryo. Genetica 39, p. 45-63. (Measurements on embryonic shambers of Lepidocyclina from Java and Madura. Extent to which deuteroconch encloses protoconch or extent to which dividing-wall between them is curved (“degree of curvature”) increases from 10% in M Oligocene to 67% in M Miocene. Rate of evolution changes from very slow to very fast to slow again and to fast again. First rapid change in M Oligocene when genus migrated from America to Europe and to Far East- Australia. Second phase of rapid evolution from earliest Miocene up to extinction of genus) Van der Vlerk, I.M. & J.A. Postuma (1967)- Oligo-Miocene Lepidocyclinas and planktonic foraminifera from East Java and Madura, Indonesia. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., B, 70, 4, p. 392-399. (Composite section of Oligo-Miocene sediments of E Java and Madura with Lepidocyclinas and planktonic foraminifera. Lepidocyclinas 'grade of enclosure' increases systematically from 36% to 65% up section. OligoMiocene boundary placed above Globigerina ciperoensis ciperoensis zone) Van der Vlerk, I.M. & J.H.F. Umbgrove (1927)- Tertiaire gidsforaminiferen van Nederlandsch Oost Indie. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Oost-Indie 6, p. 1-45. (Small guidebook describing principal larger foram genera from Indies Tertiary) Van der Vlerk, I.M. & J.H.L. Wennekers (1929)- Einige foraminiferenfuhrende Kalksteine aus Sud-Palembang (Sumatra). Eclog. Geol. Helv. 22, 2, p. 166-172. (Larger foraminifera from Lower Miocene limestones near Baturaja and Muara Dua, S Sumatra) Van Eek, D. (1937)- Foraminifera from the Telisa and Lower Palembang beds of South Sumatra. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 4, p. 47-55. (Lepidocyclinids, Miogypsina from Gedongratoe map, Lampong Districts. Little or no stratigraphic info) Van Eijden, A.J.M. & J. Smit (1991)- Eastern Indian Ocean Cretaceous and Paleogene quantitative biostratigraphy. In: J. Weissel et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 121, p. 77-123.


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(Upper Cretaceous- Oligocene planktonic foram biostratigraphy of Indian Ocean ODP sites along Ninety-East Ridge, W and SW of Sumatra. Most interval reflect temperate- subtropical climate) Van Eijden, A.J.M. & G.M. Ganssen (1995)- An Oligocene multi-species foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotope record from ODP Hole 758A (Indian Ocean): paleoceanographic and paleo-ecologic implications. Marine Micropal. 25, p. 47-65. (Oligocene- basal Miocene (Zones P19-P22/N4) O and C isotope stratigraphy of benthic and plankonic forams from E Indian Ocean ODP Hole 758A. Lack of covariance in planktic and benthic δ18O ratios indicates that many Oligocene sea level fluctuations, including major fall at 30 Ma, not of glacio-eustatic origin) Van Gorsel, J.T. (1981)- Paleoenvironmental distribution of Mid-Cretaceous to Recent larger foraminifera. Esso Production Res.-European, Bordeaux, Exploration Memo EPR-E.1EX.81, p. 1-12. (Unpublished) Van Gorsel, J.T. (1988)- Biostratigraphy in Indonesia: methods, pitfalls and new directions. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 275-300. (Overview of methods, zonations, facies interpretations, etc., in Indonesian Tertiary biostratigraphy) Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H.A., I.M. van Waveren & J. Jonkers (2004)- Catalogue of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic holotypes in the collection of plant fossils in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden. NNM Techn. Bull. 7, 27 p. (Inventory of holotypes of fossil plants in Leiden Naturalis museum collections, mainly from Tertiary in Java, in ‘Martin Collection’) Van Morkhoven, F.P.C.M., W.A. Berggren & A.S. Edwards (1986)- Cenozoic cosmopolitan deep-water benthic foraminifera. Bull. Centre Rech. Expl.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, Mem. 11, 421p. Van Regteren Altena, C.O. (1938)- Renamed Mollusca from the Dutch East Indian Tertiary. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 98, p. 209-212. Van Vessem, E.J. (1978)- Study of Lepidocyclinidae from Southeast Asia, particularly from Java and Borneo. Utrecht Micropal. Bull. 19, p. 1-163. (online at: http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2011-0624200310/Utrecht%20Micropaleontological%20Bulletins-19-van%20Vessem.pdf) (Quantitative study of lepidocyclinids of Nephrolepidina group from 42 samples from N Borneo (Klias Peninsula, Kinabatangan River), E Kalimantan (Kutei, Sangkulirang), C and E Java (Lodan, Tremboel, Boegoel wells) and Madura. Assemblages subdivided into five successive biometric units, called species: L. isolepidinoides, L. sumatrensis, L. angulosa, L. martini and L. rutteni) Varol, O. (1983)- Proposed calcareous nannofossil zonation scheme for the Miocene to Holocene of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 16, p. 37-46. (Miocene- Recent SE Asia calcareous nannofossil zonation, based on Martini (1971), Okada & Bukry (1980)) Varol, O. (1989)- Calcareous nannofossil study of the central and western Solomon Islands. In: J.G. Vedder & T.R. Bruns (ed.) Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Island arcs; Solomon Islands and Bougainville, Papua New Guinea regions, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Science Ser.12, p. 239-268. Verbeek, R.D.M. (1871)- Die Nummuliten des Borneo-Kalksteines. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal. B9, p. 114. ('The Nummulites of the Borneo limestone'. First record of Eocene larger foram Nummulites from Indonesia) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1874)- De Nummulieten uit den Eoceenen kalksteen van Borneo. Jaarb. Mijnwezen III, 2, p. 133-161. ('The Nummulites from the Eocene limestone of Borneo'. New Nummulites species from Pengaron area, Barito basin margin, SE Kalimantan)


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Verbeek, R.D.M. (1891)- Voorloopig bericht over nummulieten, orbitoiden en alveolinen in Java en over den ouderdom der gesteenten waarin zij optreden. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl.-Indië 51, p. 101-138. ('Preliminary note on nummulites, orbitoids and alveolinids in Java and the age of the rocks in which they occur') Vermeij, G.J. & H. Raven (2009)- Southeast Asia as the birthplace of unusual traits: the Melongenidae (Gastropoda) of northwest Borneo. Contrib. Zoology 78, 3, p. 113-127. (online at: http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?idno=m7803a03;c=ctz) (On characteristics of large Melongena-type gastropods from Miocene-Recent of Sarawak- Brunei) Vincent, E. (1977)- Indian Ocean Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and its paleoceanographic implications. In: J. Heirtzler (ed.) Indian Ocean geology and biostratigraphy, Amer. Geoph. Union Mem., p. 469-584. Von Fritsch, K. (1875-1878)- Einige Eocane Foraminiferen von Borneo. Palaeontographica Suppl. III, p. 139146. ('Some Eocene foraminifera from Borneo’. In addition to Nummulites described by Verbeek (1871) from SE Kalimantan Eocene marls also contain orbitoidal foraminifera, described as Orbitoides papyracea, O. epihippum, O. dispansa, O. decipiens and O. omphalus (all Discocyclina spp). Also description of 'Patellina scutum' (= mid-Cretaceous Orbitolina) from Seberuang River, left tributary of Kapuas River, W Borneo) Von Fritsch, K. (1879)- Einige Eocane Foraminiferen von Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 8, 1, p. 236-258. ('Some Eocene foraminifera from Borneo'. Reprint of paper above) Vorstman, A.G. (1929)- Tertiaire vischotolieten van Java. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 5, p. 1-16. ('Tertiary fish otoliths from Java'. Descriptions of otoliths from Late Eocene of Nanggulan, E Miocene Nyalindung beds and Late Miocene Tjilanang beds in Bandung survey collections) Wagner, C.W. (1964)- Manual of larger foraminifera. Bataafsche Int. Petrol. Mij., The Hague, 307p. Waterhouse, H.K. (1996)- Potential of palynostratigraphy for Neogene basin analysis in Papua New Guinea. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.), Petroleum Exploration, Development and Production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 329-343. Whipple, G.L. (1934)- Larger foraminifera from Vitulevu, Fiji. In: H.S. Ladd, Geology of Vitulevu, Fiji, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bull. 119, p. 141-154. (3 larger foram horizons, all Te, Early Miocene) Whittaker, J.E. & R.L. Hodgkinson (1979)- Foraminifera of the Togopi Formation, Eastern Sabah, Malaysia. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Geol. Ser. 31, p. 1-120. Wibisono (1972)- Neogene planktonic foraminifera from Kawengan, East Java, Indonesia. Lemigas Sci. Contr. 1, Jakarta, p. 1-69. Wiedicke, M. (1987)- Biostratigraphie, Mikrofazies und Diagenese tertiarer Karbonate aus dem Südchineschen Meer (Dangerous Grounds-Palawan, Philippinen). Facies 16, p. 195-302. ('Biostratigraphy, microfacies and diagenesis of Tertiary carbonates in the South China Sea') Wissema, G.G. (1947)- Young Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda from the Island of Nias (Malay Archipelago). Doct. Thesis Univ. Leiden, p. 7-212.


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Wonders, A.A.H. & C.G. Adams (1991)- The biostratigraphical and evolutionary significance of Alveolinella praequoyi sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. 47, p. 169-175. (Primitive Alveolinella, transitional between Flosculinella bontangensis and Alveolinella praequoyi, from M Miocene Tf1-2 Darai Limestone at Hides Anticline, PNG) Wright, C.A. (1977)- Distribution of Cainozoic foraminiferida in the Scott Reef No. 1 well, Western Australia. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 24, 5, p. 269-277. (Maastrichtian- Recent larger and planktonic foram zonation in NW Shelf well) Yabe, H. (1919)- Notes on a Lepidocyclina-limestone from Cebu. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd ser. (Geol.), 5, 2, 15p. Yabe, H. (1921)- Notes on some Eocene foraminifera. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd ser. (Geol.), 5, p. 97108. (online at ir.library.tohoku.ac.jp/re/bitstream/10097/30174/1/KJ00004176256.pdf) (Includes sub-chapters in ‘Notes on two foraminiferal limestones from E.D. Borneo’ p. 100-106 and ‘Notes on Pellatispira Boussac’, p. 106-108) Yabe, H. & K. Asano (1937)- Contributions to the paleontology of the Tertiary formations of West Java. Part I. Minute foraminifera from the Neogene of West Java. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Ser. 2 (Geol.) 19, p. 87-127. (Shallow marine smaller foraminifera from M Miocene- Pliocene, Banten and Bogor area) Yabe, H. & K. Asano (1937)- New occurrence of Rotaliatina in the Pliocene of Java. Chishitsugaku Zasshi (= J. Geol. Soc. Japan 44, 523, p. 326-328. (Pliocene rotalid forams from W Java, including new species derived from Rotalia schroeteriana, Rotaliatina globosa n. sp. (= Asanoina globosa Finlay 1961)) Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1924)- A Lepidocyclina limestone from Sangkoelirang, SE Borneo. Japan J. Geol. Geogr. Trans. Abstr. 3, 2, p. 71-76. (M Miocene limestone with Miogypsina, Cycloclypeus annulatus, etc. from Maloewi Anticline, Sangkoelirang) Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1925)- Nummulitic rocks of the Islands of Amakusa (Kyushu, Japan). Sci. Reports Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), 7, 3, p. 1-10. (Occ. Nummulites, Discocyclinids) Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1925)- Notes on some Tertiary foraminiferous rocks of the Philippines. Sci. Reports Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), 7, 4, p. 97-109. (online at: http://ir.library.tohoku.ac.jp/re/bitstream/10097/30184/1/KJ00004177562.pdf ) (Miocene lepidocyclinids in rocks collected by Dickerson) Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1925)- A Lepidocyclina limestone from Klias Peninsula, B.N. Borneo. Verhand. Geol.-Mijnb. Gen. Nederl. Kolon., Geol. Ser. 8 (Verbeek volume), p. 617-632. (Early Miocene limestone with Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina, Spiroclypeus from Klias Peninsula) Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1926)- A foraminiferous limestone, with a questionable fauna, from Klias Peninsula, British North Borneo. Science Repts. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Sendai, Japan, Ser. 2 (Geol.), 9, 1, p. 1-7. (online at http://ir.library.tohoku.ac.jp/re/bitstream/10097/30195/1/KJ00004178169.pdf) (Discusssion of Rutten (1925) and describing another example of limestone with mixed larger forams of Eocene (Pellatispira, Discocyclina, Nummulites) and Late Oligocene-E Miocene age (Spiroclypeus, Lepidocyclina )) Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1929)- Tertiary foraminiferous rocks of the Philippines. Sci. Reports Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), 11, 3, 54 p. Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1930)- Tertiary foraminiferous rocks of Taiwan (Formosa). Sci. Reports Tohoku Imp. Univ. 2nd Ser. (Geol.), 14, p. 1-46.


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Yordanova E.K. & J. Hohenegger (2004)- Morphocoenoclines of living operculinid foraminifera. Micropaleont. 50, p. 149-177. Young, J.R. (1998)- Neogene. In: P.R. Bown (ed.) Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, British Micropal. Soc. Ser., Chapman & Hall, p. 225-265.

Zachariasse, W.J. (1992)- Neogene planktonic foraminifera from Sites 761 and 762 off northwest Australia. In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 122, College Station, p. 665-675. Zamagni, J. (2009)- Responses of a shallow-water ecosystem to the early Paleogene greenhouse environmental conditions- evolution of larger foraminifera and coral communities from the Northern Tethys. Doct. Thesis Math.-Naturw. Fakultat, University of Potsdam, 132p. (Online at: http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3185/pdf/zamagni_diss.pdf) Zhao, Q. (2005)- Late Cainozoic ostracod faunas and paleoenvironmental changes at ODP Site 1148, South China Sea. In: Marine micropaleontology of the South China Sea, Marine Micropal. 54, 1-2, p. 27-47 (Earliest Oligocene-Recent deep water ostracod faunas in northern S China Sea suggest spreading of SCS Basin predates Oligocene. Three ostracod assemblages recognized, reflecting paleodepth changes from upper bathyal (<1500 m) in Early Oligocene, lower bathyal (1500- 2500 m) in Late Oligocene- early M Miocene (2614 Ma) to depth similar to the present (>2500 m) since the late M Miocene- Present) Zuffardi-Comerci, R. (1928)- Di alcuni foraminiferi terziari dell’isola di Borneo. Bol. Soc. Geol. Ital. 47, p. 127-148. ('On some Tertiary foraminifera from the island of Borneo')


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X.3. Jurassic- Cretaceous Almeras, Y. (1988)- Jurassic brachiopods from the Klo-Mae-Sot area. CCOP Techn. Bull.20, p. 211-217. (Rel. non-diagnostic rhynchonellids from NW Thailand) Arkell, W.J. (1954)- Indo-China, Hongkong and Indonesia (Ch. 17) and New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Australia (Ch. 18). In: Jurassic geology of the world, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, p. 431-462. Backhouse, J. (1988)- Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous palynology of the Perth Basin, Western Australia. Bull.Geol. Survey Western Australia 135, p. 1-233 Bartenstein, H. & H. Malz (2001)- Foraminiferen aus dem Newmarracarra Limestone (Unter-Bajocium; WAustralien). Palaeobiodiv. Palaeoenvironments 81, 1, p. 25-57. (Foraminifera from Bajocian Newmarracarra Limestone in W Australia 39 species, 15 new) Bassoulet, J.P. (1983)- Jurassic microfossils from The Philippines. CCOP Techn. Bull. 16, p. 31-38. (Late Jutrassic foraminifera and algae from samples collected by Fontaine from Ili Island and Cayatong. Incl. Late Jurassic- basal Cretaceous Pseudocyclammina lituus, also known from Bau Limestone of W Sarawak and from Sumatra) Bassoulet, J.P. (1988)- Preliminary note on some Jurassic microfossils (foraminifers, algae) fromThailand. CCOP Techn. Bull. 20, p. 142-151. Baumgartner, P.O. (1984)- A Middle Jurassic- Early Cretaceous low latitude radiolarian zonation based on unitary associations and age of Tethyan radiolarites. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 77, p. 729-837. Baumgartner, P.O. (1993)- Early Cretaceous radiolarians of the Northern Indian Ocean (Leg 123: sites 765, 766 and DSDP Site 261): the Antarctic Tethys connection. Marine Micropal. 21, p. 329-352. Beauvais, L. (1983)- Jurassic cnidaria from The Philippines and Sumatra. CCOP Techn. Bull. 16, p. 39(M and U Jurassic corals from reefal limestones Philippines and Upper Jurassic from Indarung, Sumatra. Coralstromatoporoid (Cladocoropsis) faunas related to those described from Japan and Tethys) Beauvais, L. (1988)- Jurassic corals and coral-bearing limestones of Thailand and Burma. CCOP Techn. Bull. 20, p. 152-203. (Lower, Middle and Upper Jurassic limestones present in Thailand, but no true coral reef limestones; mainly of microbial origin. Corals from 4 levels. Jurassic microfacies of Thailand and Sumatra similar but not identical) Beauvais L. (1989)- Jurassic corals of the Circum-Pacific area. Mem. Assoc Australasian Palaeont, 1989, 8, p. 291-302. Beauvais, L. & H. Fontaine (1993)- Montlivaltia numismalis (d'Orbigny), a Middle Jurassic coral newly found in West Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, Chiang Mai 1993, p. 63-69. (N.B. Montlivaltia also known from Timor, Seram. Bangka, etc. and usually assigned a Late Triassic age) Belford, D.J. (1983)- A probably Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) foraminiferal fauna, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Bur. Min. Res. Australia, Bull. 217, p. 11-27. (Good description/ illustrations of Coniacian planktonic foram assemblage from Korojon calcarenite, Giralia Anticline, NW Australia. With Globotruncana concavata, Gt. coronata, Gt. pseudolinneana, etc.) Bergen, J.A. (2004)- Calcareous nannofossils from ODP Leg 192, Ontong Java Plateau. In: J.G. Fitton, et al. (eds.) Origin and evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 229, p. 113-132. (M Miocene- Aptian nannofossils from ODP Leg 192 sites 1183-1187, Ontong Java Plateau, SW Pacific)


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Bolli, H.M. (1974)- Jurassic and Cretaceous calcisphaerulidae from DSDP Leg 27, Eastern Indian Ocean. In: J.J. Veevers et al. (eds.) Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Project 27, p. 843-907. (online at: http://www.deepseadrilling.org/27/volume/dsdp27_39.pdf) (19 new species of Pithonella, family Calcisphaerulidae, from U Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments from Sites 259, 260, 261, and 263 of Leg 27 in E Indian Ocean. Previously, calcisphaerulidae (av. size 40-120μ) described only from thin sections, like Stomiosphaeridae and Cadosinidae from Late Jurassic- earliest Cretaceous pelagic limestones of Seram, Timor, Roti, Buton and Misool by Wanner 1940 and Vogler 1941) Bown, P.R. (1992)- New calcareous nannofossil taxa from the Jurassic/ Cretaceous boundary interval of sites 765 and 261, Argo abyssal plain. In: F.M. Gradstein, J.N. Ludden et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 123, p. 369-379. (Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous nannofossils from Argo Abyssal Plain, NW Australia, transitional between Tethyan and Austral nannofloral realms. Cooler water suggested by absence of thermophile Tethys forms (Nannoconus) and presence of taxa that display bipolar distribution like Crucibiscutum salebrosum) Brunnschweiler, R.O. (1963)- A review of the sequence of Buchia species in the Jurassic of Australasia. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 76, p. 163-168. (On ranges of Buchia bivalve mollusc species in Oxfordian-Kimmeridgean. Now assigned to genus Malayomaorica) Burger, D. (1973)- Palynological observations in the Carpenteria Basin, Queensland. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. Bull. 140, p. 27-44. (Five Cretaceous palynological zones recognized in four oil wells) Burger, D. (1991)- Results of a preliminary palynological examination of Mesozoic grab samples from the North West Shelf, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Australia, Record 1991/84, p. 1-33. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA14209.pdf) (Palynology of 34 dredge samples collected by BMR on NW Shelf in 1990 (offshore Canning: Late Triassic- M Jurassic), Carnarvon Terrace: Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous, Scott and ExmouthPlateaus: E Jurassic) Burger, D. (1996)- Mesozoic palynomorphs from the North West Shelf, offshore Western Australia. Palynology 20, p. 49-103. (Palynological study of 33 latest Triassic- E Cretaceous dredge samples exposed on NW shelf sea floor off W Australia) Campbell, R.J. (2003)- Calcareous nannofossil and foraminiferal analysis of the Middle to Upper Cretaceous Bathurst Island Group, Northern Bonaparte Basin and Darwin Shelf, Northern Australia. B.Sc. (Hons). Thesis, University of Western Australia, 217 p. (online at http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0025/ ) (First detailed stratigraphic distributions and descriptions of M-U Cretaceous foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils from Bathurst Island Gp of N Bonaparte Basin and Darwin Shelf. During M-L Cretaceous this area occupied palaeolatitudes between 35ºS- 45ºS. Planktonic assemblages combine elements of low-latitude Tethyan Province to N and high-latitude Austral Province to S. Tethyan zonations most applicable for uppermost AlbianM Campanian because global climate was warm and equable. Most UC nannofossil zones and EuropeanMediterranean planktonic foraminiferal zones recognised. Albian and late M Campanian-Maastrichtian greater bioprovinciality and palaeotemperature gradient, with application of Tethyan zonations more difficult) Campbell, R., J.R.W. Howe & J.P. Rexilius (2002)- Documentation and refinement of the Middle to Late Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil and foraminiferal KCCM zonation. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Austrialia Symp. 3, p. 155-165. (NW Shelf composite calcareous microfossil (KCCM) zonation commonly used to correlate middle to Upper Cretaceous strata. This combines calcareous nannofossil and foraminiferal biostratigraphic events to provide high-resolution biostratigraphic subdivisions and correlation)


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Campbell, R., J.R.W. Howe & J.P. Rexilius (2004)- Middle Campanian- lowermost Maastrichtian nannofossil and foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the northwestern Australian margin. Cretaceous Res. 25, 6, p. 827-864. (Campanian-Maastrichtian marked by increase in bioprovinciality of calcareous microfossils into distinct Tethyan, Transitional and Austral Provinces. NW Australian margin in Transitional Province. Absence of key Tethyan marker species like Radotruncana calcarata and Gansserina gansseri led to use of local KCCM integrated calcareous microfossil zonation scheme) Challinor, A.B. (1989)- The succession of Belemnopsis in the Late Jurassic of Eastern Indonesia. Palaeontology 32, 3, p. 571-596. (Late Jurassic belemnites from Misool, Sula) Challinor, A.B. (1990)- A belemnite biozonation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous of Papua New Guinea and a faunal comparison with Eastern Indonesia. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geophys. 11, p. 429-447. Challinor, A.B. (1991)- Belemnite successions and faunal provinces in the Southwest Pacific, and the belemnites of Gondwana. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 12, p. 301-325. (M Jurassic- E Cretaceous belemnites from SW Pacific, New Guinea, Misool, Sula tied to dinoflagellate zonations) Challinor, A.B. (1991)- Revision of the belemnites of Misool and a review of the belemnites of Indonesia. Palaeontographica Abt. A, 218, p. 87-164. Challinor, A.B. (1992)- Belemnites of the Southwest Pacific. In: G.E.G. Westermann (ed.) The Jurassic of the Circum-Pacific, World and Regional Geology 3, p. 308-309. Challinor, A. B. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1989)- Jurassic Coleoidea of New Caledonia. Alcheringa 13, 4, p. 269304. Cloos, H. (1916)- Doggerammoniten aus den Molukken. I. Text. Habilitationsschrift Hohen Phil. Fak. Kgl. Universitat Marburg, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p. 1-50. ('Dogger (= M Jurassic) ammonites from the Moluccas'. On Hammoceratids from Misool and Mangoli, Stephanoceratids from Mangoli and Taliabu. Text volume only; part 2 never published due to WWI) Cookson, I.C. & A. Eisenack (1958)- Microplankton from Australia and New Guinea Upper Mesozoic sediments. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 70, p. 19-79. (75 species of Late Jurassic- Cretaceous dinoflagellates) Cookson, I.C. & A. Eisenack (1960)- Upper Mesozoic microplankton from Australia and New Guinea. Palaeontology 2, 2, p. 243-261. (Upper Jurassic- basal Cretaceous dinoflagellates and hystrichospheres from Canning basin, W Australia and other localities in Australia and New Guinea) Cookson, I.C. & A. Eisenack (1974)- Mikroplankton aus Australischen Mesozoischen und Tertiaeren Sedimenten. Palaeontographica, B: Palaeophytologie, 148, p. 44-93. (‘Microplankton from Australian Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments’) Crame, J.A. (1983)- The occurrence of the Upper Jurassic bivalve Malayomaorica malayomaorica (Krumbeck) on the Orville Coast, Antarctica. J. Mollusc. Stud. 49, p. 61-76. (online at http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/49/1/61.full.pdf (First record of Malayomaorica malayomaorica in Antarctica. Late Jurassic bivalve species (originally assigned to Aucella, then Buchia) mainly limited to Kimmeridgean. Appears to be typical of margins of S Hemisphere Late Jurassic Gondwanaland, including NW Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and E Indonesia (Misool, Timor, New Guinea, Sula, E Sulawesi, Ceram, Buru; HvG)


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Crespin, I. (1963)- Lower Cretaceous arenaceous foraminifera of Australia. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Bull. 66, p. 1-105. (Mainly descriptions of small arenaceous benthic foraminifera from Great Artesian Basin, roughly of AptianAlbian age) Dettmann, M.E & G. Playford (1969)- Palynology of the Australian Cretaceous: a review. In: K.S.W. Campbell (ed.), Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Essays in honour of Dorothy Hill, Australian National University Press, Canberra, p. 174-210. Enay, R. (2009) - Les faunes d'ammonites de l'Oxfordien au Tithonien et la biostratigraphie des Spiti-Shales (Callovien- Tithonien) de Thakkhola, Nepal Central. Documents des laboratiores de Geologie de Lyon 166, p. ('The ammonite faunas of the Oxfordian-Tithonian and biostratigraphy of the Spiti shales (CallovianTithonian) of Thakkhola, C Nepal'. Spiti shales Late Jurassic ammonite faunas very similar to Indo-Pacific/ E Indonesia assemblages (formerly N margin of India Plate). Rel. low diversity, endemic character of SW Pacific forms limits correlation to zonal standard scale established for Mediterranean Tethys and adjacent areas) Fontaine, H. & L. Beauvais (1985)- Stratigraphic units, fossil localities, oil wells, radiometric dating, paleogeography. In: The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, 22nd CCOP Session, Guangzhou, p. Fontaine, H. & L. Beauvais (1986)- Distribution of the Jurassic corals in Southeast Asia. In: P.Q. Tuong (ed.) Proc. First Conf. Geology of Indochina, Ho Chi Minh City 1986, Gen. Dept. of Geology Vietnam 1, p. 137-145. Garg, R., K. Ateequzzaman, J. Krishna & K.P. Jain (2003)- Biostratigraphic potential of dinoflagellate cysts from the Late Jurassic ammonites of the Tethys Himalaya. J. Palaeont. Soc. India 48, p. 41-58. (online at: http://palaeontologicalsociety.in/vol48/v2.pdf) (On calibration of latest Jurassic ammonite and dinoflagellate zones in Spiti Shale, Tethys Himalaya, N India, which was the N margin of India plate and is in same faunal province as New Guinea, Australia NW Shelf, etc.) Glaessner, M.F. (1960)- Upper Cretaceous larger foraminifera from New Guinea. Sci. Repts. Tohoku Univ., Ser. 2 (Geol.), Spec. Vol. 4, p. 37- 44. (Abundant Pseudorbitoides israelskii and Orbitoides tissoti in Campanian of Port Moresby area) Haig, D.W. (1979)- Early Jurassic foraminiferids from the western Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Pal., Monatsh. 4, p. 208-215. (Sinemurian- Pliensbachian shelfal foraminifera from gently folded Balimbu greywacke in E PNG Highlands) Haig, D.W. (1981)- Mid-Cretaceous foraminiferids from the Wahgi Valley, Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Micropaleont. 27, p. 337-351. (Albian- Cenomanian open marine forams from Kondaku Tuff and Chim Fm at N flank Kubor Anticline; Cretaceous overlies Jurassic Maril shale with minor unconformity) Haig, D.W. (1992)- Aptian-Albian foraminifers from the Cuvier Abyssal Plain and comparison with coeval faunas from the Australian region. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 123, p. 291-297. Hall, R.L. (1989)- Lower Bajocian ammonites (Middle Jurassic; Sonniniidae) from the Newmarracarra Limestone, Western Australia. Alcheringa 13, p. 1-20. Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1974)- Orbitolina from Seberuang, Cretaceous, Kalimantan Barat (West Borneo), Indonesia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 14, Tokyo Univ. Press, p. 89-99. (C Kalimantan Seberuang River Selangkai Fm contains limestones with Aptian Orbitolina lenticularis)


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Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1977)- Orbitolina from West Sarawak, East Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 18, Univ. of Tokyo Press, p. 49-57. Heath, R. S. & M.C. Apthorpe (1986)- Middle and Early(?) Triassic foraminifera from the Northwest Shelf, Western Australia. J. Foram. Res. 16, p. 313-333. Helby, R., R. Morgan & A.D. Partridge (1981)- A palynological zonation of the Australian Mesozoic. In: P.A. Jell (ed.) Studies in Australian Mesozoic palynology. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont., Sydney, Mem. 4, p. 1-94. (Late Permian- Cretaceous dinoflagellate zonation, which is now preferred tool for dating Mesozoic sediments of Australian NW Shelf- New Guinea) Helby, R., R. Morgan & A.D. Partridge (2004)- Updated Jurassic- Early Cretaceous dinocyst zonation, NWS Australia. Geoscience Australia Publ. ISBN 1 920871 01 2. (Updated dinoflage zonation chart; online at www.ga.gov.au) Hirano, H., S. Ichihara, Y. Sunarya, N. Nakajima et al. (1981)- Lower Jurassic ammonites from Bengkayang, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 4, p. 21-26. (Two species of Toarcian ammonites Harpoceras, Dactylioceras from Upper Sungaibetung Fm flysch at S flank Mt. Bawang, near Bengkayang, W Kalimantan. Sediments previously mapped as Upper Triassic) Hofker, J., Jr. (1963)- Studies on the genus Orbitolina (Foraminiferida). Leidse Geol. Meded. 29, p. 181-253. (Study of mid-Cretaceous (Barremian-Cenomanian) 'Tethyan' larger foram genus Orbitolina. Includes material from W Kalimantan Seberuang area collected by Van Schelle and Wing Easton collections, and classified as relatively primitive 'Group I- Lower Aptian' species) Hoffet, J.H. (1937)- Les lamellibranches saumatres du Senonien de Muong Phalane. Bull. Service Geol. de l'Indochine 24, 1, p. 3-25. ('The freshwater bivalves of the Senonian of Muong Phalane (Laos)'. Upper Cretaceous freshwater mollusks, mainly Trigonoides spp. and Unio spp. and Plicatounio. Locally associated with large reptiles Titanosaurus and Mandchurosaurus) Howe, J.R.W., R.J. Campbell & J.P. Rexilius (2003)- Integrated uppermost Campanian-Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil and foraminiferal biostratigraphic zonation of the northwestern margin of Australia. J. Micropalaeontology 22, p. 29-62. Iba, Y. & S. Sano (2006)- Mesorbitolina (Cretaceous larger foraminifera) from the Yezo Group in Hokkaido, Japan and its stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic significance. Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. B, 82, 7, p. 216-223. (Aptian Orbitolina (Mesorbitolina) parva from limestone olistoliths in lower Yezo Group, Hokkaido represent first report of this species from Circum-North Pacific) Iba, Y., S. Sano & T. Miura (2011)- Orbitolinid foraminifers in the Northwest Pacific: their taxonomy and stratigraphy. Micropaleontology 57, 2, p. 163-171. (Four orbitolinid species ('Palorbitolina lenticularis', Praeorbitolina cf. wienandsi, Mesorbitolina parva, M. texana) recognized in Late Hauterivian- Early Albian of Japan- S Sakhalin) Ingram, B. & R. Morgan (1988)- The development and status of the Mesozoic palynostratigraphy of the North West Shelf, Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North West Shelf, Australia, Proc. NW Shelf Symposium 1988, p. 581-590. Ishibashi, T. (1975)- Some Triassic ammonites from Indonesia and Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi, & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 16, University of Tokyo Press, p. 45-56. Jain, K.P., R. Garg, S. Kumar & I.B. Singh (1984)- Upper Jurassic dinoflagellate biostratigraphy of Spiti shale (formation), Malla Johar area, Tethys Himalaya, India. J. Pal, Soc. India 29, p. 67-83.


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(Late Jurassic Spiti shale (Oxfordian- Tithonian) originally deposited along N margin of Gondwana/ Greater India, on trend with Australian NW Shelf. Overlying Callovian ferruginous oolite, ~250m thick, Lower part/A Oxfordian- Kimmeridgean rich in Belemnopsis gerardi belemnite assemblage, but no ammonoids or dinocysts. Middle part/B with 3-4 ammonoid zones (Virgatosphinctes, Himalayites, etc.) and 5 Tithonian microfloral assemblages (incl. Omatia montgomeryi) at top. Upper part/C no dinocysts, but with latest Tithonian (Blanfordiceras) and Berriasian- Valanginian ammonites) Jaworski, J.A. (1933)- Revision der Arieten, Echioceraten und Dactylioceraten des Lias von NiederlandischIndien. Neues Jahrbuch Miner. Palaont. Beil. Bd. 70, p. 251-333. ('Revision of the arietes, echiocerates and dactyliocerates kfrom the Liassic of Netherlands Indies'. Mainly taxonomic descriptions of Early Jurassic ammonites from Roti, Babar and Timor) Kemper, E. (1976)- The foraminifera in the Jurassic limestone of West Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch B21, p. 129153. (Early to Late Jurassic larger foraminifera from few-100m thick limestones in Kanchanaburi Province, W Thailand: Orbitopsella (M Lias= E Jurassic), Lucasella (E-M Dogger= M Jurassic), Haurania (M Lias- M Dogger), and Kurnubia (Malm= Late Jurassic). Little or no locality information) Kruizinga, P. (1931)- Cephalopoda. In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5 (K. Martin memorial volume), p. 297-389. (Summary of state of knowledge of ammonites- belemnites in Indonesia in 1931) Kuznetsova, K.I. (1974)- Distribution of benthonic foraminifera in Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits at Site 261, DSDP Leg 27, in the Eastern Indian Ocean. In: J.J. Veevers et al. (eds.) Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Project 27, p. 673-681. (Latest Jurassic(?) to Early Cretaceous foraminifera from Argo abyssal plain DSDP site 261 suggest gradual deepening of basin with time and increase in agglutinated forms) Laurie, J.R. & C.B. Foster (eds.) (2001)- Studies in Australian Mesozoic palynology II. Mem. Assoc. Australasian Pal., Sydney, 24, p. Lord, A.R., H. Malz, J.E. Whittaker & J.H. Callomon (2006)- Bajocian Ostracoda of Western Australia and their faunal affinities. Palaeobiodiv. Palaeoenvironments 86, 2, p. 191-227. (Unusual ostracod faunas in Newmarracarra Lst (E Bajocian). Formed exclusively by superfamily Cytheroidea members, dominantly endemic taxa, little in common with few records of S Hemisphere M Jurassic) Martin, K. (1889)- Untersuchungen uber den Bau von Orbitolina (Patellina auct.) von Borneo. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie II, p. 86('Remarks on the construction of Orbitolina (Patellina of other authors) from Borneo'. One of first descriptions of mid-Cretaceous Orbitolina from Borneo) Matsuoka, A., Y. Aita, K. Wakita, Munasri, G. Shen, H. Ujiie, K. Sashida, V.S. Vishnevskaya, N.Y. Bragin & F. Cordey (1996)- Mesozoic radiolarians and radiolarian-bearing sequences in the circum-Pacific regions: a report of the Symposium 'Radiolarians and orogenic belts'. The Island Arc 5, 2, p. 203-213. McLoughlin, S. & C. Pott (2009)- The Jurassic flora of Western Australia. Geol. Foren. Forh. (GFF), Stockholm, 131, p. 113-136. (Jurassic plant remains in W. Australia sparse. Assemblages show links to E Australian, Indian and Antarctic floras of E Jurassic- E Cretaceous age. Bennettitaleans leaves intermediate in size between low and high latitude mid-Mesozoic assemblages, supporting previous paleogeographic placements of W Australia in mesothermal middle-latitude province in Jurassic)


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Meteer, F.T., K. Sashida & H. Igo (1996)- Some Jurassic radiolarians from Busuanga Island, Calamian Island Group, Palawan, Philippines. In: H. Noda & K. Sashida (eds) Prof. H. Igo Comm. Vol. Geology and Paleontology of Japan and Southeast Asia, p. 165-191. Militante-Matias, P.J. (1995)- Orbitolina-bearing rocks of Philippines. Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Kyungpook National University, p. 257-264. Mohler, W.A. (1946)- Uber das Vorkommen von Trocholina Paalzow in der Unterkreide von West-Borneo. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 39, 2, p. 300-302. (First report of small benthic foram Trocholina in SE Asia, from Lower Cretaceous of Seberuang River, Kapuas drainage basin, W Kalimantan. Associated ammonites described by Von Koenigswald 1939) Muller, J. (1968)- Palynology of the Pedawan and Plateau sandstone formation (Cretaceous- Eocene) in Sarawak, Malaysia. Micropaleont. 14, 1, p. 1-37. (Early palynological study of Upper Cretaceous- Eocene section of Sarawak) Munasri, K. Wakita & K. Sashida (1999)- Fosil radiolaria sebagai alat biostratigrafi yang baru di Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Yogyakarta, p. 48-52. ('Fossil radiolaria as a new biostratigraphic tool in Indonesia') Okamoto, S., S. Kojima, S. Suparka & J. Supriyanto (1994)- Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) radiolarians from a shale clast in the Paleogene of central Java, Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 1-2, p. 45-50. (Brown shale clast in Paleogene breccia in Karangsambung with Campanian tropical radiolarians not seen in coeval Campanian assemblages from blocks in Luk-Ulo mélange, suggesting juxtaposition of material from different paleolatitudes) Oloriz, F. & G.E.G. Westermann (1998)- The perisphinctid ammonite Sulaites n. gen. from the Upper Jurassic of the Indo-Southwest Pacific. Alcheringa 22, 3-4, p. 231-240. (New genus Sulaites for mainly Late Oxfordian ‘Perisphinctes’ sularus and moluccanus Boehm, originally described from Sula islands. Sulaites also known from Irian Jaya, PNG and probably New Zealand and Nepal) Owen, M. (1973)- Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera from Papua New Guinea. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Australia, Bull. 140, p. 47-65. (Upper Cretaceous (Turonian- Maastrichtian) planktonic foraminifera from Wabag area, W Highlands. Zonation and descriptions of 38 species (incl. Globotruncana wabagensis n. sp.) from 19 samples) Pannekoek, A.J. (1931)- Brachiopoda. In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5 (K. Martin memorial volume), p. 396-435. (Summary of state of knowledge of brachiopods in Indonesia in 1931) Partridge, A.D. (2006)- Australian Mesozoic and Cenozoic palynology zonations (Charts1-4). In: E. Monteil (coord.) Australian Mesozoic palynology zonations- updated to the 2004 Geologic Time Scale. Geoscience Australia Record 2006/23. (online: /www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA14151.pdf, www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA14153.pdf) (Spore-pollen and dinocyct zonations charts: Jurassic- Early Cretaceous for Australia, Late CretaceousCenozoic Gippsland Basin) Petrizzo, M.R. (2000)- Upper Turonian-lower Campanian planktonic foraminifera from southern mid-high latitudes (Exmouth Plateau, NW Australia): biostratigraphy and taxonomic notes. Cretaceous Res. 21, 4, p. 479505. (Planktonic foraminifera from ODP Holes 762C and 763B Some low latitude (Globotruncana ventricosa, Hedbergella flandrini, Marginotruncana marianosi) and high latitude (Globigerinelloides impensus, Hedbergella sliteri ) markers different vertical distribution at mid-high latitudes from low latitudes)


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Quilty, P.G. (1981)- Early Jurassic Foraminifera from the Exmouth Plateau, Western Australia. J. Paleont. 55, 5, p. 985-995. (Samples dredged from Exmouth Plateau by RV Sonne yielded Late Sinemurian forams Ichthyolaria and Geinitzina. First record of marine rocks of this age from Australia) Quilty, P.G. (1984)- Cretaceous foraminiferids from Exmouth Plateau and Kerguelen Ridge, Indian Ocean. Alcheringa 8, p. 225-241. Quilty, P.G. (1990)- Triassic and Jurassic foraminiferid faunas, northern Exmouth Plateau, Eastern Indian Ocean. J. Foram. Res. 20, 4, p. 349-367. Quilty, P.G. (2011)- Late Jurassic foraminifera, Wallaby Plateau, Offshore Western Australia. J. Foram. Res. 41, 2, p. 182-195. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/41/2/182.full.pdf) (Foraminifera from RV Sonne sample dredged from 4438–4049 m water depth on Wallaby Plateau SW margin. Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian foram fauna, older than previously known ages in region and predates initiation of seafloor spreading along W Australian margin. Low diversity fauna, dominated by Conicospirillina, Conorboides and Lenticulina. Shallow marine deposition; area subsided ~4000 m since deposition) Reyes,M.V. & E.P. Ordonez (1970)- Philippine Cretaceous smaller foraminifera. J. Geol. Soc. Philippines 24, 2. p. 1-67. Riding, J.B., D.J. Mantle & J. Backhouse (2010)- A review of the chronostratigraphical ages of Middle Triassic to Late Jurassic dinoflagellate cyst biozones of the North West Shelf of Australia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 162, 4, p. 543-575. (Reassessment of ages of 20 dinoflagellate cyst zones for M Triassic- Jurassic of NW Shelf) Sano, S.I. & P.W. Skelton (2010)- Epidiceras (Bivalvia, Hippuritoidea) from the Tithonian-Berriasian Torinosu-type Limestones of the Sakawa Area, Southwest Japan. Turkish J. Earth Sci. 19, p. 733-743. (online at: http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/issues/yer-10-19-6/yer-19-6-5-0905-2.pdf) (Primitive rudists Epidiceras speciosum and E. guirandi from Tithonian-Berriasian Torinosu limestones in SW Japan. Partly same species as in Bau Limestones of Sarawak. Tethyan rudists extend into W Pacific province) Sarjeant, W.A.S., W. Volkheimer & W.P. Zhang (1992)- Jurassic palynomorphs of the Circum-Pacific region. In: G.E.G. Westermann (ed.) The Jurassic of the Circum-Pacific, World and Regional Geology 3, p. 273-292. Sato, T. (1975)- Marine Jurassic formations and faunas in Southeast Asia and New Guinea. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and palaeontology of Southeast Asia, Tokyo Univ. Press, 15, p. 151-189. Sato, T. & T. Ishibashi (1984)- Ammonoids of Southeast Asia. In: Geology and palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 25, p. 267-272. Sato, T. & G.E.G. Westermann (1991)- 4. Japan and Southeast Asia. In: G.E.G. Westermann & A.C. Ricardi (eds.) Jurassic taxa ranges and correlation charts fror the Circum-Pacific. Newl. Stratigr. 24, 1-2, p. 81-108. (Useful compilation of distribution and ranges of Jurassic macrofossils in Indonesia) Sha, J. (2007)- Cretaceous trigonioidid (non-marine Bivalvia) assemblages and biostratigraphy in Asia with special remarks on the classification of Trigonioidacea. J. Asian Earth Sci. 29, 1, p. 62-83. (Seven zones distinguished in distribution of Cretaceous fresh water molluscs) Shafik, S. (1990)- Late Cretaceous nannofossil biostratigraphy and biogeography of the Australian western margin. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Canberra, Report 295, p. 1-164.


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(Turonian- Maastrichtian nannofossils from onshore Carnarvon and Perth basins and comparison with 10 other localities in Indo-Pacific region, incl. PNG. Three temperature-controlled biogeographic realms in Maastrichtian: Austral (Perth Basin), Extratropical (Carnarvon) and Tropical (PNG)) Skwarko, S.K. & F. Hasibuan (1989)- A brief review of literature on the larger marine invertebrates in the Cretaceous of Indonesia with list of fossils hitherto identified. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 6, p. 44-52. Stevens, G.R. (1964)- The belemnite genera Dicoelites Boehm and Prodicoelites Stolley. Paleontology 7, 4, 9, 606-620. (online at: http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%207/Pages%20606-620.pdf) (Belemnite genus name Dicoelites first used by Boehm (1906) for D. dicoelus Rothpletz from Callovian-Lower Oxfordian of Roti Island, then in 1912 for material from Callovian-Kimmeridgean? of Wai Miha, Taliabu, Sula islands (D. keeuwensis). Both have two grooves, but latter re-assigned to new genus Conodicoelites) Stevens, G.R. (1965)- The Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites of New Zealand and review of the Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites of the Indo-Pacific region. Paleont. Bull., Geol. Surv. New Zealand 36, p. 1-283. Stevens, G.R. (1987)- The influences of palaeogeography, tectonism and eustasy on faunal development in the Jurassic of New Zealand. In: G. Pallini et al. (eds.) Atti 2nd Pergola Conv. Int. Fossili, evoluzione, ambiente, Rome1987, p. 441-457. (Progressive movement of Gondwana away from Carboniferous-Permian South Pole-centred position led to disappearance of temperature barriers and climate equalization across E Gondwana. Cold-temperate TriassicE Jurassic 'Maorian' faunas of New Zealand gave way to subtropical/warm-temperate 'Tethyan' faunas in M-L Jurassic) Stevens, G.R. (1997)- The Late Jurassic ammonite fauna of New Zealand. Inst. Geol. Nuclear Sci., Mon. 18. 217p. Stolley, E. (1929)- Uber Ostindische Jura-Belemniten. Palaeontologie von Timor, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 16, Abh. 29, p. 91-213. (‘On East Indonesia Jurassic belemnites’. Includes material from Timor, Roti, Misool, Sula islands, Seram, E Sulawesi and Yamdena/Tanimbar) Von Hillebrandt, A., P. Smith, G.E.G. Westermann & J.H. Callomon (1992)- Ammonite zones of the CircumPacific region. In: G.E.G. Westermann (ed.) The Jurassic of the Circum-Pacific, Cambridge University Press, p. 247-272. Wandel, G. (1936)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Jurassischen Mollusken-fauna von Misol, Ost-Celebes, Buton, Seram und Jamdena. Neues Jahrbuch Min., Geol., Palaeont., Beil. B. 75, p. 447-523. (‘Contributions to the knowledge of the Jurassic mollusk faunas from Misool, East Sulawesi, Buton, Seram and Yamdena’) Welsh, A. (1990)- Applied Mesozoic biostratigraphy in the Western Papuan Basin. In: G.J. & Z. Carman (eds.) Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, First PNG Petroleum Convention, Port Moresby, p. 369-380. (BP Jurassic-Cretaceous palynology zonation; a modified version of Helby et al. 1987 zonation) Westermann, G.E.G., N. Hudson & J Grant-Mackie (2000)- Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) Ammonitina of New Zealand. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 43, p. 33-57. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.2000.9514869) (Relatively rich, previously unknown fauna of Ammonitina from Bajocian of SW Auckland. No obvious similarities with New Guinea faunas) Westermann, G.E.G., N. Hudson & J Grant-Mackie (2002)- New Jurassic Ammonitina from New Zealand: Bathonian-Callovian Eurycephalitinae. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 45, 4, p. 499-525.


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(online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00288306.2002.9514988) (Low diversity M Jurassic ammonoid fauna from SW Auckland province, North Island, New Zealand) Williamson, T. (2006)- Systematics and biostratigraphy of Australian Early Cretaceous belemnites with contributions to the timescale and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the early Australian Early Cretaceous system derived from stable isotope proxies. Ph.D. Thesis, James Cook University, p. (online at: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/4906/) (Aptian- Cenomanian belemnites from NW Australia. Oxygen-isotope values from Carnarvon Basin continental margin system indicate S Hemisphere mid-latitude Late Aptian sea surface temperatures, similar to today's. Warming trend in Albian-Cenomanian, representing greenhouse climatic conditions) Wright, C. A. & M. Apthorpe (1976)- Planktonic foraminiferids from the Maastrichtian of the Northwest Shelf, Western Australia. J. Foram. Res. 6, p. 228-240. Online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/6/3/228.full.pdf) (Twenty-five planktonic foram species recorded in wells on NW Shelf and used to erect three biostratigraphic zones. Overall tropical and subtropical character of fauna appears inconsistent with palaeomagnetic studies which place NW Australia at cool temperate latitude of perhaps as much as 40° S. during. Late Cretaceous) Wright, C.W. (1963)- Cretaceous ammonites from Bathurst Island, Australia. Palaeontology 6, 4, p. 597-614. (online at: http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%206/Pages%20597-614.pdf) (16 species of Albian- Turonian ammonites off N Australia. Mainly new species, mostly endemics?)


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X.4. Triassic Ager, D.V. (1968)- The supposedly ubiquitous Tethyan brachiopod Halorella. J. Paleontol. Soc. India 5-9, p. 54-70. (Late Triassic brachiopod Halorella common in Europe. Halorella nimassica described from Timor by Krumbeck (1921-1924) not true Halorella, but assigned to Timorhynchia n. gen.. Halorella reported from Seram by Wanner (1907) should be asigned to Halorelloidea) Al-Shaibani, S., D. Altiner, P. Bronnimann, D.J. Carter & L. Zaninetti (1982)- Triasina hantkeni Majzon, 1954 (Foraminifere), dans le Trias superieur de la Tethys (Europe et Asie). Arch. Sci., Geneve, 35, p. 137-142 Ando, H. (1987)- Paleobiological study of the Late Triassic bivalve Monotis from Japan. The University of Tokyo Museum Bull. 30, p. (online at: http://www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/publish_db/Bulletin/no30/no30000.html) Bralower, T.J., P.R. Bown & W.G. Siesser (1991)- Significance of Upper Triassic nannofossils from the Southern Hemisphere (ODP Leg 122, Wombat Plateau, N.W. Australia). Marine Micropal. 17, p. 119-154. (Australia NW Shelf Wombat Plateau Upper Triassic calcareous nannofossils similar to those from Alps) Bronnimann, P., J.E. Whittaker & L. Zaninetti (1975)- Triassic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the KyaukmeLongtawkno area, Northern Shan States, Burma. Riv. Ital. Paleontol. 81, p. 1-30. Campbell, J.D. (1994)- Late Triassic brachiopods from a dredge haul on the slope below Rowley Terrace, Northwest Australia. AGSO J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 15, 1, p. 135-136. (Late Triassic brachiopods Misolia sp., cf. Trigonirchynchella and cf. Zugmayerella in mudstone dredged below Rowley Terrace) Chablais, J., R. Martini, S. Rigaud, E. Samankassou, T. Onoue & H. Sano (2008)- New Upper Triassic foraminifers of Sambosan accretionary complex (Japan); a tool for sedimentological and paleobiogeographic understanding of the Panthalassan Ocean. Abstracts 33rd Int. Geol. Congress, Oslo (Abstract only) (Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous Sambosan accretionary complex in SW Japan with U Triassic limestones typical of seamount-capping atoll in Panthalassan Ocean. Four foram associations: (1) lagoonal: abundant Aulotortidae, Nodosariidae and Endotebidae; (2) Back- and fore-reef: dominated by Duostomina and Variostoma; (3) reefal: Galeanella, Hoyenella, Ophthalmidium and Cucurbita; (4) Shoal facies rich in ooids and near-monospecific Pilammina sulawesiana association, as described only from Sulawesi. Carnian-Norian age matches Tethyan carbonate platform/ reefs in Alps and Asinepe Limestone in Seram. Foraminifera Tethyan tropical affinity, suggesting palaeoposition at low- to middle latitudinal zone of S Hemisphere, in agreement with presence of endemic foraminifers and corals of Timor and Sulawesi. Sambosan AC seamounts moved >15,000 km to be accreted against Asian blocks. Distance in accordance with velocity and direction of tectonic plates related to Neo-Tethyan ridge opening) Cirilli, S. (2010)- Upper Triassic- lowermost Jurassic palynology and palynostratigraphy: a review. Geol. Soc., London, Special Publ. 334, p. 285-314. (Late Triassic- E Jurassic palynostratigraphy and latitudinal control on distribution of 'Onslow' (rel. warm, southern Tethys margin) vs. 'Ipswich' (rel. cool, Gondwanan) microfloral provinces in S Hemisphere) Dolby, J.H. & B.E. Balme (1976)- Triassic palynology of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 22, p. 105-168. (Five Triassic palynological assemblage zones in wells from Carnarvon Basin. M-L Triassic floras mixed Gondwanan- European (Onslow microflora). European elements not present in less diverse Falcisporitesdominated assemblages from Triassic in E and S Australia (Ipswich microflora)) Fontaine, H., I.B. Amnan, H.P. Khoo & D. Vachard (1990)- More Triassic foraminifera from Peninsular Malaysia. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 21, p. 73-83.


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(Anisian smaller benthic foraminifera from Bukit Tunjang limestone quarry, Kedah. Tubipytes locally abundant. Forams rel. rare, common Tolypammina, also Meandrospira dinarica) Fontaine, H. & D. Vachard (1988)- Biostratigraphic importance of Triassic foraminifera and algae from Southeast Asia. Rev. Paleobiol. 7, 1, p. 87-98. (Triassic forams from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sibaganding limestone of Sumatra, Seram), Philippines, Myanmar, Vietnam) Gazdzicki, A. & O.E. Smith (1977)- Triassic foraminifera from the Malay Peninsula. Acta Geol. Polonica 27, 3, p. 319-332. Grant-Mackie, G.A. (1975)- The stratigraphy and taxonomy of the Upper Triassic bivalve Monotis in New Zealand. Ph.D. Thesis University of Auckland, p. 1-380. (online at: https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/2580) (20 taxa recognized in New Zealand Late Triassic bivalve genus Monotis) Grant-Mackie, G.A. (1978)- Subgenera of the Upper Triassic bivalve Monotis. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 21, 1, p. 97-111. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00288306.1978.10420726) (Proposal of five subgenera of Monotis. Monotis s.s. resembles salinaria group, M. (Entomonotis) includes the ochotica, subcircularis, and zabaikalica groups; M. (Eomonotis) typha group and M. (Maorimonotis)) Haig, D.W., E. McCartain, L. Barbar & J. Backhouse (2007)- Triassic- Lower Jurassic foraminiferal indices for Bahaman-type carbonate-bank limestones, Cablac Mountain, East Timor. J. Foram. Res. 37, 3, p. 248-264. (Peloidal- oolitic limestones at Cablac Mountain, E Timor, with Triassic or Lower Jurassic small foraminifera. E Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian) age indicated for some of limestone by Meandrovoluta asiagoensis, Everticyclammina praevirguliana and palynomorph assemblage. Other limestones Late Triassic- E Jurassic, based on Duotaxis metula. Basinal facies of nearby Wai Luli Valley indicate Late Triassic (Carnian) age for transported foraminiferal assemblage characteristic of carbonate-bank deposits. This suggests carbonate banks developed locally on submerged topographic highs in seas that flooded interior-rift basins in this part of Gondwana and complex facies array of deep-water muds, deltaic sands, and carbonate shoals) Hasibuan, F. (2008)- Pre-Tertiary biostratigraphy of Indonesia. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok, p. 323-325. (Paleozoic in Indonesia scattered amongst archipelago and generally thin. Biostratigraphy scarce and most publications not in English. Sumatra and Timor only localities with exposed ?Carboniferous-Permian. SiluroDevonian faunas only on Irian Jaya. Mesozoic biostratigraphy based mainly on Misool Archipelago, with most complete Mesozoic section ranging from Triassic (Anisian?)- Upper Cretaceous). Hasibuan, F. (2008)- The Triassic marine biota of Eastern Indonesia and its interregional and global correlation: a review. Jurnal Geol. Indonesia 5, 1, p. 31-47. (Marine macrofossil biostratigraphy of Triassic in Indonesia. Mainly on ammonoids from Timor and Misool, and correlations with regions outside Indonesia) Hasibuan, F. & Purnamaningsih (1998)- Pre-Tertiary biostratigraphy of Indonesia. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 34th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Taejon, Korea 1997, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 40-54. (Review of Paleozoic- Mesozoic marine macrofossil biostratigraphy of Indonesia, particularly in Misool island) Heath, R.S. & M.C. Apthorpe (1986)- Middle and Early(?) Triassic foraminifera from the Northwest Shelf, Western Australia. J. Foram. Res. 16, p. 313-333. (online at: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/16/4/313.full.pdf) (Anisian foraminifera from Lawley No. 1 well, Dampier sub-basin, NW Shelf. Well-preserved, non-Tethyan assemblage of 34 species, 10 new. Anisian age of material based on palynological evidence (T. playfordi zone))


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Hinde, G.J. (1908)- Radiolaria from Triassic and other rocks of the Dutch East Indian Archipelago. In: R.D.M. Verbeek, Molukkenverslag. Geologische verkenningstochten in het oostelijke gedeelte van den Nederlandsch Oostindische Archipel. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 37 (1908), Wetensch. Ged., p. 694-736. (Radiolaria from Timor, Savu, Ceram, Sulawesi, Buru and Mangoli collected by Verbeek, probably mainly of Late Triassic-Jurassic age. 83 species identified, 74 new. Richest assemblages from Halobia-Daonella-bearing cherty limestones from Rote and Savu and Halobia limestone from Timor. Fewer, but similar species in loose chert pebbles collected at Seram and E Sulawesi) Igo, H., T. Koike & E.H. Yin (1966)- Triassic conodonts from Kelantan, Malaya,. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 2, p. 157-171. (Folded limestones from S Kelantan, central part of Malay Peninsula include white-grey Permian limestone with common fusulinids and grey M Triassic limestones rich in ammonoids and conodonts (dominated by Hindeodella spp and Hibbardella sp) Ishibashi, T. (1975)- Some Triassic ammonites from Indonesia and Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 16, p. 45-56 Kobayashi, T. & M. Tamura (1968)- Myophoria (s.l.) in Malaya with a note on the Triassic Trigoniacea. Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 5, University of Tokyo Press, p. 88-137. Kobayashi, T. & M. Tamura (1984)- The Triassic Bivalvia of Malaysia, Thailand and adjacent areas. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 201-227. Koike, T. (1973)- Triassic conodonts from Kedah and Pahang, Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 12, University of Tokyo Press, p. 91-113. (Triassic (probably Anisian-Ladinian) conodonts from limestones previously interpreted as Permian at Bukit Kechil and Bukit Kodiang, Kedah province NW corner of Malay Peninsula. Assemblages dominated by Epigondolella, Neogondolella, Paragondolella) Koike, T. (1982)- Triassic conodont biostratigraphy in Kedah, West Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 23, University of Tokyo Press, p. 9-52. Koike, T. (1984)- Summary of Triassic conodonts of Southeast Asia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 25, p. 295-302. Komatsu, T., D.T. Huyen & J. Chen (2007)- Bivalve assemblages in North Vietnam and South China following the end-Permian crisis. In: S.G. Lucas & J.A. Spielmann (eds.) The Global Triassic, New Mexico Mus. Nat. Hist. Science Bull. 41, p. 134-136. (On thin-walled molluscs Claraia spp., Eumorphotis, Towapteria, etc. in basal Triassic calcareous mudstones of Yangtze Block of S China and N Vietnam) Krystyn, L. (1982)- Obertriassische Ammonoideen aus dem Zentralnepalesischen Himalaya. Abhandl. Geol. Bundesanst. Wien, 36, p. 3-63. (Online at: http://www.geologie.ac.at/filestore/download/AB0036_001_A.pdf) ('Late Triassic ammonoids from the Central Nepal Himalayas'. Nepal Himalayan Late Triassic ammonites strong affinities with taxa from W Timor 'Halstatter Limestone' facies) Krystyn, L., Y. Gallet, J. Besse & J. Marcoux (2002)- Integrated Upper Carnian to Lower Norian biochronology and implications for the Upper Triassic magnetic polarity time scale. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 203, 1, p. 343-351. (Summary of Upper Carnian- Lower Norian ammonoid, conodont and halobiid biochronology, based on data from Alps, Sicily, Balkans, Turkey, Himalayas and Timor) Kummel, B. (1960)- Anisian ammonoids from Malaya. Breviora 124, p. 1-8.


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(Online at: http://www.archive.org/details/breviora121178harv) (M Triassic ammonites from folded dark grey shales 10.5 miles SSW of Kuala Lipis, Pahang, central Malay Peninsula (= E Malaya/ Indochina terrane?: HvG). Contains Tethyan species Paraceratites trinodosus, Sturia sansovinii, Acrochordiceras and Ptychites) Kummel, B. (1960)- Triassic ammonoids from Thailand. J. Paleont. 34, 4, p. 682-694. (First Triassic ammonoids from Thailand (Mae Moh River in N Thailand) show presence of Anisian, Carnian) Kummel B. (1969)- Ammonoids of the Late Scythian (Lower Triassic). Bull. Mus Comp. Zoology, Harvard, 137, p. 311-701. (online at: http://www.archive.org/details/bulletinofmuseum13719681969harv) (Treatise on Early Triassic/ Scythian ammonoids, including material from Timor (p. 349-351), mainly from 'Block E near Nifoekoko', described previously by Welter (1922). Contains Hungarites spp. Pronorites spp, etc.) McRoberts, C.A. (2010)- Biochronology of Triassic bivalves. In: S.G. Lucas (ed.) The Triassic Timescale, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 334, p. 201-219. (General zonation scheme for Triassic based on bivalves Claraia, Peribositria, Enteropleura, Daonella, Halobia, Eomonotis and Monotis. Widely distributed across Tethys, Panthalassa and Boreal regions) McTavish, R.A. (1973)- Triassic conodont faunas from western Australia, Neues Jahrb. Geol. Pal., Abhandl., 143, 3, p. 275-303. Metcalfe, I. (1990)- Triassic conodont biostratigraphy in the Malay Peninsula. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 26, p. 133-145. (Condonts representative for all Triassic stages, except Rhaetian, found in Malay Peninsula) Metcalfe, I., T. Koike M.B. Rafek & N.S. Haile (1979)- Triassic conodonts from Sumatra. Paleontology 22, 3, p. 737-746. Nicoll, R.S. & C.B. Foster (1994)- Late Triassic conodont and palynomorph biostratigraphy and conodont thermal maturation, North West Shelf, Australia. J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 15, 1, p. 101-118. Retallack, G.J. (1977)- Reconstructing Triassic vegetation of eastern Australasia; a new approach for the biostratigraphy of Gondwanaland. Alcheringa 1, 3-4, p. 247-278. Rigaud S., R. Martini, R. Rettori & G.D. Stanley (2010)- Stratigraphic potential of the Upper Triassic benthic foraminifers. Albertiana 38, p. 34-39. Schafer, P. & J.A. Grant Mackie (1998)- Revised systematics and palaeobiogeography of some Late Triassic colonial invertebrates from the Pacific region. Alcheringa 22, 1-2, p. 87-122. (Revision of U Triassic colonial organisms from New Zealand, New Caledonia, Timor, etc. Heterastridium conglobatum, a hydrozoan of uncertain affinity and possible pelagic lifestyle, is known from Norian of Tethys (Hallstatt Lst in Alps, Middle East, etc.), Timor, New Caledonia, New Zealand and W North America. 'Monotrypella timorica' is calcareous demosponge) Skwarko, S.K. & B. Kummel (1974)- Marine Triassic molluscs of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. 150, p. 11-139. Thassanapak, H., Q.L. Feng, J. Grant-Mackie, C. Chonglakmani & N. Thanee (2011)- Middle Triassic radiolarian faunas from Chiang Dao, Northern Thailand. Palaeoworld 20,p. 179-202. (M Triassic (Anisian) radiolarians from bedded chert in Chiang Dao, N Thailand indicate deep marine environment in N Thailand, with seaway between E and W Palaeotethys. May be from tectonic slices. Can be correlated with E zone of Changning-Menglian Belt in SW Yunnan, China) Thang, Bui Duc (1989)- Lower Triassic conodonts from North Vietnam. Acta Palaeontologica, Warsaw, 34, 4, p. 391-416.


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Vachard, D. (1988)- Some foraminifera and algae of the Upper Triassic of west Thailand. CCOP Techn. Bull. 20, p. 135-141. (Carnian-Norian Aulotortus assemblage of Thailand characteristic of Tethyan province, and resembles Kodiang Lst of NW Malaysia and various outcops of Sumatra) Vachard, D. & H. Fontaine (1988)- Biostratigraphic importance of Triassic foraminifera and algae from SouthEast Asia. Revue Paleobiol. 7, 1, p. 87-98. Westermann, G.E.G. (1973)- Species distribution of the world-wide Triassic pelecypod Monotis Bronn.. Proc. 22nd Int. Geol. Congr., India 1964, Sect. 8, p. 374-389 Zammit, M. (2010)- A review of Australasian ichthyosaurs. Alcheringa 34, 3, p. 281-292. (Ichthyosaur fossils recorded from M Triassic of Timor (Mixosaurus), from U Triassic of New Caledonia (Shonisauru); and Lower Cretaceous of Australia and New Zealand (Platypterygius)) Zaninetti, L. (1976)- Les foraminiferes du Trias, essai de synthese et correlation entre les domaines mesogeens europeen et asiatique. Rivista Ital. Paleontol. Strat. 82, p. 1-258. (Synthesis of Triassic foraminifera and correlation between European and Asian domains) Zaninetti, L., R. Martini & T. Dumont (1992)- Triassic foraminifers from sites 761 and 764, Wombat Plateau, Northwest Australia. In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.), Proc. ODP Sci. Results 122, p. 427-436. (Late Norian- Rhaetian forams from Wombat Plateau reefal platform carbonates)


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X.5. Paleozoic Andal, P.P. (1966)- A report on the discovery of fusulinids in The Philippines. Philipp. Geol. 20, 1, p. 14-22. Archbold, N.W. (1983)- West Australian Permian brachiopoda: their taxonomy, biostratigraphy and provincialism; with an appendix of published articles including a description of Permian brachiopoda from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Melbourne, 2 vols. Archbold, N.W. (2001)- Permian Productida of Australasia: palaeobiogeographical and palaeoclimatological implications. In: S.L . Long et al. (eds.) Brachiopods, chapter 37, CRC Press, p. 363-371. (Permian Productid brachiopods few genera in common between Westralian (rel. warm, S Tethys margin) and Austrazean (colder water, mainly endemics, strong links with New Zealand) provinces) Asama, K., A. Hongnusonthi, J. Iwai, E. Kon’no, S.S. Rajah & M. Veeraburas (1975)- Summary of the Carboniferous and Permian plants from Thailand, Malaysia and adjacent areas. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 15, p. 77-101. Baird, A., O. Dawson & D. Vachard (1993)- New data on biostratigraphy of the Permian Ratburi Limestone from North peninsular Thailand. Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, Chiang Mai 1993, p. 243-259. Balme, B.E. (1964)- The palynological record of Australian pre-Tertiary floras. In: L.M. Cranwell (ed.) Ancient Pacific floras, the pollen story, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, p. 49-80. Balme, B.E. (1988)- Miospores of Late Devonian (early Frasnian) strata, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Palaeontographica, Abt. B, 209, p. 109-166. Balme, B.E. & C.W.Hassell (1962)- Upper Devonian spores from the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Micropaleont. 8, p. 1-28. Batten, R.L. (1972)- Permian gastropods and chitons from Perak, Malaysia. Part 1. Chitons, bellerophontids, euomphalids and pleurotomarians. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 147, 2, p. 1-44. (online at: http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/1103) (One of the richest Permian gastropod faunas of Asia 92 species) in H.S. Lee No. 8 opencast tin mine near Kampar, Perak. Associated with fusulinids, all with Tethyan affinities) Batten, R.L. (1979)- Permian gastropods from Perak, Malaysia. Part 2. The trochids, patellids, and neritids. Amer. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Novitates, 2685, p. 1-26. (online at: http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/5386) (Continuation of Batten (1972). Rich Permian gastropod fauna from white limestone in H.S. Lee Mine 8 near Kampar, Perak, associated with corals, scaphopods, bivalves, brachiopods, cephalopods and fusulinids. Fusulinids suggest Late Artinskian-E Guadalupian age, Misellina claudiae zone (Jones et al. 1966). Neritacean species similar to those found in Sicily, Timor and Sumatra…, and can be identified as typical Tethyan) Batten, R.L. (1985)- Permian gastropods from Perak, Malaysia. Part 3. The murchisoniids, cerithiids, loxonematids, and subulitids. Amer. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Novitates, 2829, p. 1-26. (online at: http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/3583) ((Final part of 3-part study of rich Permian gastropod fauna from H.S. Lee Mine 8 near Kampar, Perak) Briggs, D.J.C. (1998)- Permian Productidina and Strophalosiidina from the Sydney-Bowen Basin and New England Orogen: systematics and biostratigraphic significance. Mem. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont. 19, 258p. Bronnimann, P., J.E. Whittaker & L. Zaninetti (1978)- Shanita, a new pillared Miliocean foraminifera from the Late Permian of Burma and Thailand. Riv. Ital. Paleont. 84, p. 63-92.


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(late M- Late Permian miliolid that appears to be characteric of W Paleotethys- Sibumasu terrane) Bruhl, D. & S. Pohler (1999)- Tabulate corals from the Moore Creek Limestone (Middle Devonian: Late Eifelian- Early Givetian) in the Tamworth Belt (New South Wales, Australia). In: R. Feist et al. (eds.) North Gondwana: Mid-Paleozoic terranes, stratigraphy and biota. Abhand. Geol. Bundesanst.,Vienna, 54, p. 275-293. (M Devonian (Eifelian-early Givetian) Moore Creek Limestone of Tamworth foldbelt in NSW, E Australia, thought to be deposited in intra-oceanic island arc setting. Contains tabulate corals, including Heliolites porosus. Assemblage and depositional setting may be comparable to NE Kalimantan l described by Rutten 1940, 1943) Chapman, F. & W.J. Parr (1937)- On the discovery of fusulinid foraminifera in the Upper Palaeozoic of Northwest Australia. Victorian Naturalist 53, p. 175-179. (Describe presence of fusulinid genera Verbeekina and Neoschwagerina in NW Australia. These were later shown to be fish remains (Crespin 1958, Quilty 1975). (No fusulinid forams recorded yet from Australia, but present on Timor and possibly also in Birds Head of New Guinea; HvG) Cocks, L.R.M. & Zhan Ren-bin (1998)- Caradoc brachiopods from the Shan States, Burma (Myanmar). Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London (Geol.) 54, 2, p. 109-130. Crespin, I. (1958)- Permian foraminifera of Australia. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Bull. 48, p. 1-207. (online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/1225667/Bull_048.pdf) (106 species/46 genera of Permian foraminifera, all small benthics, mainly arenaceous. Beds in W Australia from which Chapman and Parr (1937) described fusulinids are not Permian but Triassic, and fusulinids are probably fish remains (Brunnschweiler, 1954)) Dawson, O. (1993)- Fusiline foraminiferal biostratigraphy and carbonate facies of the Permian Ratburi Limestone, Saraburi, central Thailand. J. Micropalaeontology 12, p. 9-33. (Permian carbonates N of Saraburi, C Thailand, with diverse fusiline-algal assemblage of E Permian (Sakmarian) to early Late Permian (Midian) age. Archaeolithoporella and Tubiphytes form reef frameworks, similar to M Permian reefs of Austria and W Texas. Fusiline faunas Arctic-Tethyan affinities in E Permian and Tethyan affinities in M Permian. Eight fusuline assemblage zones) Dawson, O. & A. Racey (1993)- Fusuline- calcareous algal paleoecology of the Permian Ratburi Limestone, Saraburi, Central Thailand. In: Proc. GEOSEA VII Symposium, Bangkok 1991, J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 49-65. (E-M Permian Ratburi Lst of C Thailand sequence of supratidal to outer platform biofacies. Subdivided with abundant fusuline and calcareous algal biota. Ratburi Lst transgressive-regressive carbonate platform sequence. Fusulinid distribution depth-controlled, with 6 main assemblages) Dawson, O., A. Racey & J.E. Whittaker (1993)- The paleoecological and palaeobiogeographic significance of Shanita (foraminifera) and associated foraminifera/ algae from the Permian of Peninsular Thailand. Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, Chiang Mai 1993, p. 283-298. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/6791.pdf) (late Middle- Late Permian (Midian) pillared miliolid foram Shanita known from platform carbonates in Tunisia, Turkey, Iran, E Burma, peninsular Thailand, associated with poor fusulinid assemblage (unlike highdiversity fusulinids in E Thailand. Appears to be restricted to W Tethys and Shan-Tai Block) Dawson, O., A. Racey & J.E. Whittaker (1994)- Permian foraminifera from northeast and peninsular Thailand. In: P. Angsuwathana et al (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Stratigraphic correlation of Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1994, Dept. Mineral Resources, IGCP 306, p. 323-332. De Neve, G.A. (1961)- Correlation of fusulinid rocks from southern Sumatra, Bangka, and Borneo, with similar rocks from Malaya, Thailand and Burma. Proc. 9th Pacific Science Congr., Bangkok 1957. Geology and Geophysics 12, p. 249.


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Dixon, M. & D.W. Haig (2004)- Foraminifera and their habitats within a cool-water carbonate succession following glaciation, Early Permian (Sakmarian), Western Australia. J. Foram. Res. 34, 4, p. 308-324. Eyles, N., A.J. Mory & J. Backhouse (2002)- Carboniferous- Permian palynostratigraphy of West Australian rift basins: resolving tectonic and eustatic controls during Gondwanan glaciations. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 184, p. 305-319. Fontaine, H. (1983)- Some Permian corals from the Highlands of Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Palaeont. Series, 4, p. 1-31. Fontaine, H. (1986)- Discovery of Lower Permian corals in Sumatra. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p.183-191 (Jambi Province localities: Pulau Apat, Muara Liso, Batu Gajah, Batu Impi) Fontaine, H. (2002)- Permian of Southeast Asia: an overview. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 567- 588. Fontaine, H., I. Bin Amnan & D. Vachard (1999)- Important discovery of Early Permian limestone in southern Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA ’98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p. 453-460. Fontaine, H., N. Sattayarak & V. Suteethorn (1994)- Permian corals of Thailand. CCOP Techn. Bull. 24, p. 1108. (Permian corals common and diverse assemblages in SE, Central and NE Thailand, with strong affinities to South China, Vietnam, Cambodia, E Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Indochina- E Malaya terrane'; HvG), but unknown in Australia. Peninsular Thailand (= Shan-Thai/ Sibumasu terrane; HvG) only rare corals belonging to Tabulata and solitary Rugosa and with low diversity fusulinids) Fontaine, H. & V. Suteethorn (1988)- Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic fossils of West Thailand and their environments. CCOP Techn. Bull. 20, p. 1-107. (W Thailand part of Shan-Thai/ Sibumasu Block. Descriptions of Devonian- Jurassic faunas) Fontaine, H. & V. Suteethorn (1992)- Permian corals of Southeast Asia and the bearing of a recent discovery of Lower Permian corals in Northeast Thailand. In: Nat. Conf. Geologic resources of Thailand: potential for future development, Bangkok 1992, p. 346- 354. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/6234.pdf) (SE Asia Permian corals, even the somewhat restricted Timor and Thailand faunas, much more diverse and more prolific than known from Australia. In Indonesia two areas with Permian corals: Timor (rel. low diversity, mainly solitary Rugosa) and Padang and W Jambi regions of Sumatra (high diversity reefal limestone). Terbat Lst of W Borneo common fusulinids, but few or no corals ) Fontaine, H., V. Suteethorn & Y. Jongkanjanasoontorn (1991)- Carboniferous corals of Thailand. CCOP Techn. Bull. 22, p. 1-73. (Carboniferous corals abundant in C and NE Thailand. In SE and NW only rare solitary Rugosa. Absent or only rare tiny corals without dissipiments in Peninsular Thailand (=Sibumasu terrane; HvG). Most diverse coral faunas in 'mid-Carboniferous' (Upper Visean- Lower Serpukhovian)) Fortey, R.A. & L.R.M. Cocks (1986)- Marginal faunal belts and their structural implications, with examples from the Lower Palaeozoic. J. Geol. Soc. London 143, p. 151-160. (Record of Ordovician (Llanvirn) graptolites in Heluk River, E Irian Jaya (4°25’S, 139°17’E). Assigned to isograptid biofacies and taken as evidence of Ordovician ocean margin here. Oldest fossils in Indonesia ?) Furnish, W.M. & B.F. Glenister (1970)- Permian ammonoid Cyclolobus from the Salt Range, West Pakistan. In: Stratigraphic boundary problems: Permian and Triassic of West Pakistan, p. 153-175. (On M Permian ammonite Cyclolobus, incl. occurrences from Basleo, Ruasnain, W Timor)


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Glenister, B.F. & W.M. Furnish (1961)- The Permian ammonoids of Australia. J. Paleont. 35, 4, p. 673-736. Gould, R.E. (1975)- The succession of Australian Pre-Tertiary megafossil floras. The Botanical Rev. 41, 4, p. 453-483. (Review of Devonian- Cretaceous floras of Australia) Hashemi, H. & G. Playford (2005)- Devonian spore assemblages of the Adavale Basin, Queensland (Australia): descriptive systematics and stratigraphic significance. Rev. Espan. Micropal. 37, 3, p. 317-417. Heritsch, F. (1937)- Die rugosen Korallen und die Stratigraphie der Permformation. In: F. E. Suess Festschrift, Mitt. Geol. Gesell. Wien, 29, p. 307-328. (online at: http://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/oegg/Band_29_307_328.pdf) ('The rugose corals and the stratigraphy of the Permian'. Review of Permian coral zonation, including discussion of M Permian Basleo Fauna of Timor, as first described by Gerth (1921)) Heritsch, F. (1937)- Rugose Korallen aus dem Salt Range, aus Timor und aus Djoulfa, mit Bemerkungen uber die Stratigraphie des Perms. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl. Abt. 1, 146, p. 1-16. ('Rugose corals from the Salt Range (Himalaya), from Timor and from Djoulfa, with remarks on the stratigraphy of the Permian'. Brief descriptions of some Permian rugose corals) Hill, D. (1939)- The Permian corals of Western Australia. J. Royal Soc. Western Australia 23, p. 43-64. (13 species, most new, including one Verbeekia, genus first described from Timor) Hill, D. (1939)- Further Permian corals from Western Australia. J. Royal Soc. Western Australia 27, p. 57-72. (Description of 16 species from Perth, Canning and Carnarvon basins, including one Verbeekiellia, genus first described from W Timor by Penecke 1908) Hill, D. (1957)- The sequence and distribution of Upper Palaeozoic coral faunas. Australian J. Science 19, p. 42-61. (Review of Permian corals, including Timor material) Huang, H., X. Jin, Y. Shi & X. Yang (2009)- Middle Permian Western Tethys fusulinids from southern Baoshan Block, Western Yunnan, China. J. Paleont. 83, 6, p. 880-896. (New fusulinid collections from Baoshan Block in SW China necessitate paleobiogeographic re-evaluation of M Permian fusulinids in region. 32 fusulinid species, 9 genera, 3 biozones: Schwagerina yunnanensis Range Zone, Eopolydiexodina Abundance Zone, and Sumatrina annae Range Zone. Fusulinids assemblages belong to W Tethyan Province: presence of Tethyan genera Eopolydiexodina, Verbeekina, Sumatrina and Pseudodoliolina, but low diversity suggests rel. high latitudinal region within Tethyan Realm. Includes 'Sumatran' species Schwagerina padangensis (Lang 1925)) Igo, H. (1984)- Summary of the Palaeozoic conodonts from Malaysia and Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 25, p. 289-293. Igo, H. & T. Koike (1967)- Ordovician and Silurian conodonts from the Langkawi Islands, Malaya, Part I. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 3, p. 1-29. (Simple cone-type conodonts from Ordovician- Silurian Setul Limestone of Langgon Island, of NE Langkawi. Most species similar to species known from Europe and North America) Igo, H. & T. Koike (1968)- Ordovician and Silurian conodonts from the Langkawi Islands, Malaya, Part II. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 4, p. 1-21. (Other types of conodonts from Ordovician- Silurian Setul Limestone of Langgon Island, of NE Langkawi. Silurian conodonts not described from Asia before)


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Igo, H.& T. Koike (1973)- Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian conodonts from the Langkawi islands, Malaysia, with note on conodont fauna of the Thung Song Limestone, Southern Thailand and the Setul Limestone, Perlis, Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 13, p. 1-22. (Similar 'Setul Fm' U Silurian- Lw Devonian dark grey limestones on Langkawi islands, NW Malay Peninsula and peninsular Thailand. Nearby Silurian bituminous graptolite shales. Conodont faunas include Spathognathodus steinhornensis repetitor similarities with Alps and Neningha Lst of N New South Wales and lower part of Mount Holly Bed of Queensland) Ingavat, R. (1984)- On the correlation of the Permian foraminiferal faunas of the western, central and eastern provinces of Thailand. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, N.S., 147, p. 93-100. Ingavat, R. & R.C. Douglass (1981)- Fusuline fossils from Thailand, Part XIV. The fusulinid genus Monodiexodina from Northwest Thailand. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press 22, p. 23-34. Ingavat-Helmcke, R. (1993)- Contribution to the Permian fusulinacean faunas of Peninsular Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 67-75. (online at : http://library.dmr.go.th/library/7590.pdf) (Permian fusulinids and smaller forams (incl. Shanita- Hemigordius) from S Peninsular Thailand. Lower Permian from W coast cold water facies, along E coast warm-water carbonates with Pseudoschwagerina and Eoparafusulina. M Permian Shanita widespread in S Peninsular Thailand) Iwai, J., K. Asama, M. Veeraburus & A. Hongnusonthi (1966)- Stratigraphy of the so-called Khorat Series and a note on the fossil plant-bearing Paleozoic strata in Thailand. In: Geol. and Paleont. Southeast Asia 2, Tokyo University Press, p. Janvier, P. & T. Tong-Dzuy (1998)- The Silurian and Devonian vertebrates of Viet Nam: a review. J. Geology (Geol. Survey .Viet Nam), B 11/12, p. 18-28. Jongmans, W.J. & W. Gotan (1925)- Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Flora des Oberkarbons von Sumatra. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser., 8, p. 279-303. ('Contributions to the knowledge of the Upper Carboniferous flora of Sumatra'. Early description of 'Jambi flora'; now believed to be of Permian age) Jongmans, W.J. & W. Gotan (1935)- Die Ergebnisse der palaobotanischen Djambi-Expedition 1925. 2. Die palaeobotanischen Ergebnisse. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Indie (1930), 59, Verh. 2, p. 71-201. (‘The results of the paleobotanic Jambi expedition 1925, 2. The paleobotanic results’. First systematic description of the famous 'Cathaysian' Permian 'Jambi flora' of C Sumatra) Kanmera, K., K. Ishii & R. Toryama (1976)- The evolution and extinction patterns of Permian Fusulinaceans. In: T. Kobayashi & W. Hashimoto (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 17, Tokyo University Press, p. 129-154. Kemp, E.M., B.E. Balme, R.J. Helby, R.A. Kyle, G. Playford & P.L. Price (1977)- Carboniferous and Permian palynostratigraphy in Australia and Antarctica: a review. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 2, p. 177-208. Krijnen, W.F. (1931)- Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Gastropoda, Lamellibranchiata and Scaphopoda. In: B.G. Escher et al. (eds.) De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5 (K. Martin memorial volume), p. 164-205. Lange, E. (1925)- Eine mittelpermische Fauna von Guguk Bulat (Padanger Oberland, Sumatra). Verh. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 7, 3, p. 213-295. (‘A Middle Permian fauna from Guguk-Bulat, Padang Highlands, Sumatra’. Famous M Permian reefal limestone locality in Padang Highlands near Lake Singkarak. Mainly description of foraminifera (incl. diverse


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fusulinids Verbeekina, Doliolina, Neoschwagerina), colonial corals (Lonsdaleia) and brachiopods (= part of 'Cathaysian' West Sumatra block of Barber et al. (2005); HvG)) Laveine, J.P., S. Zhang & Y. Lemoigne (2003)- Additional documentation to the knowledge of the Late Palaeozoic floras of east and southeast Asia: general conclusions and references. Rev. Paleobiol. 22, p. 831-849. Lee, J.S. (1931)- Distribution of the dominant types of the fusulinoid foraminifera in the Chinese Seas. Acta Geol. Sinica (Bull Geol. Soc. China) 10, p. 273-290. Leven, E.Y. (1993)- Main events in Permian history of the Tethys and fusulinids. Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 1, p. 59-75. Leven, E.J. & H.J. Campbell (1998)- Middle Permian (Murgabian) fusuline faunas, Torlesse Terrane, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 41, p. 149-156. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.1998.9514799) (Two fusuline foram limestone localities in Torlesse Gp of Canterbury, S Island, New Zealand. Limestones associated with volcanics and hemipelagic sediments which appear 'allochthonous' (fortuitous accumulations associated with oceanic seamounts). Low diversity fauna dominated by Parafusulina (Skinnerella) japonica, also Parafusulina (S.) cuniculata. Fauna correlates best with late M Permian (E Murgabian)sequences of Tethyan affinity in Eurasia) Leven, E.J. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1997)- Permian fusulinid foraminifera from Wherowhero Point, Orua Bay, Northland, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 40, p. 473-486. (online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.1997.9514777) (Abundant, diverse E-M Midian fusulinids (24 species) from Waipapa Terrane, N Island. Probably East Paleotethys-Panthalassa seamount fauna. Key species Neoschwagerina margaritae, Yabeina spp, Reichelina sp, Lepidolina shiraiwensis, etc. Much more diverse than Murgabian faunas from Torlesse, S Island) Long, J.A. (1990)- Late Devonian Chondrichthyans and other microvertebrate remains from Northern Thailand. J. Vertebrate Paleont. 10, 1, p. 59-71. (Microvertebrates from limestones near Burmese border town of Mae Sam Lap, N Thailand, dated as Late Famennian by conodonts. Fauna contains chondrichthyans, several types of chondrichthyan scales, actinopterygian scales and teeth, and rare acanthodian scales. Taxa suggest close affinity between Shan-Thai, East Gondwana, and S China Terranes at end of Devonian) Macurda, D.B. (1983)- Systematics of the fissiculate Blastoidea. Univ. Michigan Papers on Paleontology, Ann Arbor, 22, p. 1-291. (Review of Permian blastoids, much of which based on Timor material) Mamet, B. (1974)- Une zonation par foraminiferes du Carbonifere inferieur de la Tethys Occidentale. Compte Rendus 7th Int. Congres Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Krefeld, 1971, 3, p. 391-408. ('A foraminifera zonation of the Lower Carboniferous of the Western Tethys') Mamet, B. & D.J. Belford (1968)- Carboniferous foraminifera, Bonaparte Gulf Basin, Northwestern Australia. Micropaleontology 14, p. 339-347. (Carboniferous foraminiferal faunas from Bonaparte Gulf Basin, NW Australia, show strong Tethyan influence and resemble those from SE Asia, suggesting free migration between Gondwana and Laurasia) Mamet, B.L. & E. Saurin (1970)- Sur la microfaune des foraminiferes carboniferes du Sud-est asiatique. Bull. Soc. Geol. France (7) 12, 2, p. 356-363. ('On the Carboniferous foraminiferal microfauna of Southeast Asia'. Eight Carboniferous foram assemblages, similar to Europe/ Asia, described from Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia)


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McLoughlin, S. (1993)- Glossopterid megafossils in Permian Gondwanic non-marine biostratigraphy. In: R.H. Findlay et al. (eds.) Proc. Gondwana Eight- Assembly, evolution and dispersal, Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 253264. (Review of Permian Glossopteris floras, characteristic of Gondwana. NE Australian Strong provincialism: Bowen Basin no Glossopteris species in common with Indian or South African successions)) McLoughlin, S. (1992)- Permian plant megafossils from the Bowen and Sydney Basins, eastern Australia, part I. Palaeontographica Abt. B, 228 p. 105-149. McLoughlin, S. (1993)- Permian plant megafossils from the Bowen Basin, Queensland, Australia, part II. Palaeontographica Abt. B, p.. McLoughlin, S. (1993)- Permian plant megafossils from the Bowen Basin, Queensland, Australia, part III. Palaeontographica Abt. B, 231 p. 31-63. (Final of three part papers describing 9 new Glossopteris spp from Late Permian of S Bowen Basin. Assemblages typical of low diversity, cool temperate Gondwanan Glossopteris flora) McLoughlin, S. (1993)- Plant fossil distributions in some Australian Permian non-marine sediments. Sediment. Geol. 85, p. 601-619. (Glossopterid gymnosperms dominate most Australian Permian coal-bearing sediments) Minato, M. & M. Kato (1965)- Waagenophyllidae. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido University, Ser. 4, Geol. Mineralogy 12, p.1-242. (Monograph on Permian colonial corals. Lonsdaleia frechi Volz 1904 from Bukit Bessi, Padang Highlands, W Sumatra, recombined as Polythecalis frechi) Nicoll, R.S. & I. Metcalfe (2011)- Permian conodont biostratigraphy of Australia and New Zealand. In. (Abstract only) (Summary of Permian conodont studies. High paleolatitude Permian conodont faunas of W Australia dominated by Vjalovognathus with occasional Hindeodus, Mesogondella and Sweetognathodus. Lower latitude faunas from Timor, Pakistan, Nepal/Tibet higher diversity, attributed to warmer temperatures) Palmieri, V., C.B. Foster & E.V. Bondareva (1994)- First record of shared species of Late Permian small foraminiferids in Australia and Russia: time correlations and plate reconstructions. AGSO J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 15, p. 359-365. Pia, J. (1937)- Die wichtigsten Kalkalgen des Jungpalaeozoicums und ihre geologische Bedeutung. Comptes Rendus 2nd Congres Avancement Etudes de Stratigraphie du Carbonifere, Heerlen 1935, 2, p. 765-856. ('The most important calcareous algae from the Late Paleozoic and their stratigraphic significance'. Incl. description of M Permian algae assemblages from Sumatra (Fontaine 1989)) Pitakpaivan, K. (1966)- Fusulines of the Rat Buri limestone of Thailand. Bangkok (Thailand). In. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 2, Tokyo University Press, p. 63-129. Pohler, S. (1998)- Devonian carbonate buildup facies in an intra-oceanic island arc (Tamworth Belt, New South-Wales, Australia). Facies 39, p. 1-34. (E- M Devonian biohermal buildups in Tamworth Belt, possibly comparable to NE Kalimantan Devonian coral) Price, P.L. (1997)- Permian to Jurassic palynostratigraphic nomenclature of the Bowen and Surat basins. In: P. Green (ed.) The Surat and Bowen Basins, SE Queensland, Queensland Dept. Mines Energy, Brisbane, p. 137178. Roberts, J. (1971)- Devonian and Carboniferous brachiopods from the Bonaparte Gulf basin, Northwestern Australia. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. Bull. 122, p. 1-319.


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Ross, J. (1978)- Biogeography of Permian ectoproct bryozoa. Palaeontology 21, 2, p. 341-356. (online at http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2021/Pages%20341-356.pdf) (Ovrview of Permian bryozoa distribution, incl. comments on Timor assemblages) Rutten, M.G. (1940)- On Devonian limestones with Clathrodicyon cf spatiosum and Heliolites porosus from Eastern Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet. 43, 8, p. 1061-1064. (E-M Devonian coral Heliolites porosus and stromatoporoid Clathrodicyon cf spatiosum in dark recrystallized limestone from Telen River, NE Kalimantan, in folded, low-metamorphic 'Old Slates', with nearby andesites. (Both taxa also reported from M-L Devonian of NE Thailand by Fontaine (1993) and may also be similar to Australian Mid-Devonian limestones from Canning Basin, Tamworth Belt, etc.; HvG) Rutten, M.G. (1943)- Over enkele Devonische fossielen uit Midden Oost-Borneo. Handel. XXIX Nederl. Natuur- en Geneeskundig Congr., Amsterdam 1943, p. 58-59. (‘On some Devonian fossils from Central E Borneo’. Brief note on Devonian coral and sponge fossils in Utrecht collection, collected by Witkamp (1927) in Telen River area, NE Kalimantan, in large area of 'Old Slates'. Rutten suggests rocks are from 'Danau Fm', composed of isoclinally folded cherts, radiolarites, quartzitites (in other part of C Kalimantan with Triassic Halobia and Monotis) and greywackes, spilitic diabase and diabase porphyrites associated with Permian fusulinids)) Sakagami, S. (1969)- Fusulinacean fossils from Thailand, Part IV. On some Permian Fusulinaceans from Peninsular Thailand. Contr. Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 6, p. 256-275. Shi, Y., H. Huang, X. Jin & X. Yang (2011)- Early Permian fusulinids from the Baoshan Block, Western Yunnan, China and their paleobiogeographic significance. J. Paleont. 85, 3, p. 489-501. (Sakmarian-Artinskian fusulinids from N and S Baoshan dominated by Pseudofusulina and Eoparafusulina spp and similar to those from C Pamir, S Afghanistan, E-C Iran, C Oman, E Hindu Kush and N Karakorum) Shi, Y., X. Jin, H. Huang & X. Yang (2008)- Permian fusulinids from the Tengchong Block, Western Yunnan, China. J. Paleont. 82, p. 118-127. (Permian fusulinid faunas from N Tengchong Block, SW China. Lower Dadongchang Fm dominated by Eoparafusulina, possibly Sakmarian age. Dadongchang Fm mainly Chusenella and Monodiexodina, indicating Wordian-Capitanian age. Similar to fusulinid assemblages from Baoshan and Sibumasu Blocks, both low diversity and absence of Cathaysia- Tethys taxa Pseudoschwagerinidae, Verbeekinidae, Neoschwagerinidae) Spiller, F.C.P. & I. Metcalfe (1995)- Paleozoic and Mesozoic radiolarian biostratigraphy of Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. IGCP Symposium on Geology of SE Asia, J. Geology, Hanoi, ser. B., 5-6, p. 75-93. Swart, R.H. (1998)- Revision of Permian pleurotomarian gastropods from the Carnarvon and Bonaparte basins. In: G.R. Shi, N.W. Archbold & M. Grover (eds.) Strzelecki international symposium on Permian of eastern Tethys; biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources. Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 110, 1-2, p. 163-172. Tan Sin Hok (1933)- Notiz uber das Basalskelett von 'Verbeekina'. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl. Indie 25, p. 57-65. (Permian fusulinids from Padang Highlands, thought by Verbeek 1876, to lack 'parachomata', distinguishing it from Doliolina, so new genus Verbeekina was created. New material from Guguk Bulat type locality near Lake Singkarak shows this feature in later stages, so species belong in Doliolina) Thompson, M. L. (1936)- The fusulinid genus Verbeekina. J. Paleont. 10, 3, p. 193-201. (Descriptions of 8 species of Verbeekina from Padang Highlands, W. Sumatra, one new) Thompson, M.L. (1936)- Lower Permian fusulinids from Sumatra. J. Paleont. 10, 7, p. 587-592. (New species of Schwagerina and Pseudoschwagerina from ~100’ thick 'Productus limestone' of Telok Gedang, C Sumatra (Merangin?), referred to Lower Permian. Overlain by Soengi Garing plant beds)


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Tien, N.D. (1986)- Foraminifera and algae from the Permian of Kampuchea. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 18, p. 116-137. (Well-illustrated summary of foraminifera from Permian limestones from W and S Cambodia, using thin sections originally studied by Gubler (1935) on fusulinids of Indochina) Tien, N.D. (1986)- Foraminifera and algae from the Permian of Guguk Bulat and Silungkang, Sumatra. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 18, p. 138-147. (Two Permian limestone localities from Padang Highlands, C Sumatra. Guguk Bulat reefal limestone with corals and diverse fusulinid and small benthic foram assemblages (first described by Lange, 1925). Silungkang locality with common Tubiphytes) Tien, N.D. (1987)- Description of a new microfossil from the Permian of Southeast Asia: Sphaerionia. In: 11th Congr. Carboniferous Stratigr. Geol., Beijing 1978, p. Tien, N.D. (1989)- Middle Permian foraminifera. In: H. Fontaine & S. Gafoer (eds) The Pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments, CCOP Techn. Papers 19, Bangkok, p. 113-148. (Review of Sumatra M Permian foraminifera, incl. rich E Murghabian fusulinids at Bukit Pendopo, S Sumatra) Tong, J. & G.R. Shi (2000)- Evolution of Permian and Triassic foraminifera in South China. In: H. Yin, J.M. Dickins et al. (eds.) Permian-Triassic evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific, Developments in palaeontology and stratigraphy 18, Elsevier, p. 291-307. (Paper mainly on stratigraphic distribution of foram genera. No paleobiogeography, no fossil illustrations) Toriyama, R. (1975)- Fusuline fossils from Thailand. Part IX. Permian fusulines from the Rat Buri Limestone in the Khao Phlong Phrab area, Sara Buri, Central Thailand. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 23, p. 1-116. (Systematic descriptions and vertical distribution of 91 species/26 genera of fusulinid forams from 225m thick late Early- M Permian Ratburi Limestone section in C Thailand. Overall assemblage 'of Tethyan aspect' (but is on Sibumasu Plate; HvG), with verbeekinids, neoschwagerinids, also Parafusulina, rare Monodiexodina. No locality maps) Toriyama, R. (1984)- Summary of the fusuline faunas in Thailand and Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, p. 137-146. Toriyama, R. & K. Pitakpaivan (1973)- Fusulinacean fossils from Thailand, Part VII: Middle Permian fusulines from Wat Kirinakratanaram, Central Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 12, University of Tokyo Press, p. 43-61. Vachard, D. (1990)- New data on foraminifera, algae and pseudo-algae of the Visean and Bashkirian (LowerMiddle Carboniferous) from Northeast Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch B73, p. 91-109. Vachard, D. & J. Ferriere (1991)- Une association a Yabeina (foraminifere fusulinoide) dans le Midien (Permien superieur) de la region de Whangaroa (Baie d'Orua Nouvelle-Zelande). Revue Micropal. 34, p. 201230. ('A Yabeina association (fusulinid foraminifera) in the Midian (U Permian) of the Whangaroa region (Orua Bay, New Zealand') Vachard, D., H. Fontaine & M. Caridroit (1992)- Foraminifera, algae and pseudo-algae from Carboniferous and Permian limestone of North-west Thailand. Rev. Paleobiologie 11, p. 137-147. Vachard, D., L. Pille & J. Gaillot (2010)- Palaeozoic foraminifera: systematics, palaeoecology and responses to global changes. Revue Micropal. 53, p. 209-254. (Review of biostratigraphy and facies models of Paleozoic forams)


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Von Staff, H. (1909)- Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fusuliniden. Neues Jahrbuch Min. Geol. Pal., Beil. Band 27, p. 461-508. ('Contribution to the knowledge of the fusulinids'. Permian larger foram Schwagerina verbeeki Geinitz from Padang Highlands, W Sumatra should be classified in new genus Verbeekina (see also Thompson 1936; Genus name still used today, and is 'Tethyan' species, also common in S China, Thailand, Tibet, Crimea, etc.; HvG)) Waterhouse, J.B. (1987)- Late Palaeozoic brachiopoda (Athyrida, Spiriferida and Terebratulida) from the Southeast Bowen Basin, East Australia. Palaeontographica, A, 196, p. 1-56. Waterhouse, J.B. (2011)- Origin and evolution of Permian brachiopods of Australia. Mem. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont. 41, p. 205-228. (Permian brachiopods of Australia two main associations: (1) E Australia, few families, affected by coolglacial conditions, interspersed with few warmer-water faunas; (2) W Australia more like faunas of SE Asia and Himalayan region. Played major role in stocking Lopingian faunas of S Asia, especially Himalayas) Webster, G.D. (1987)- Permian crinoids from the type-section of the Callytharra Formation, Callytharra Springs, Western Australia. Alcheringa 11, 2, p. 95-135. (E Permian Callythara Fm in Carnarvon Basin, NW Australia, with limestone beds with crinoid assemblage of 40 species. Eleven species also known from Timor, but Australian faunas less diverse and many endemics) Webster, G.D. (1990)- New Permian crinoids from Australia. Palaeontology 33, p. 49-74. Webster, G.D. & P.A. Jell (1992)- Permian echinoderms from Western Australia. Mem. Queensland Museum 32, 1, p. 311-373. Win, Z., H.H.Aung & K.K. Shwe (2011)- Shanita thawtinti, a new milioloid foraminifer from the Middle Permian of Myanmar. Micropaleontology 57, p. 125-137. Yabe, H. & S. Hanzawa (1931)- Palaeozoic and Mesozoic foraminifera. In: De palaeontologie en stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie (Feestbundel K. Martin), Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, p. 23-34. (Listings of foraminifera species reported from Indonesia Carboniferous- Permian (Sumatra, Timor, Leti, Luang), Triassic- Jurassic (Sumatra) and Cretaceous (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Timor, Roti, Ceram, etc.) Yang, X., X. Jin, Z.S. Ji, Y.Z. Wang, J.X. Yao & H.L. Yang (2004)- New materials of the Shanita-Hemigordius assemblage (Permian foraminifers) from the Baoshan Block, Western Yunnan. Acta Geol. Sinica 78, 1, p. 15-21. (Description of abundant Shanita and Hemigordius from 'Cracked Lst' NE of Woniu Temple of Baoshan, W Yunnan. Assemblage similar to Shanita fauna from Shazipo Fm, Zhengkang, W Yunnan, and to Permian of Burma, Thailand, Iran and Turkey) Zaninetti, L., J. Whittaker & D. Altiner (1979)- The occurrence of Shanita amosi Bronnimann, Whittaker and Zaninetti (Foraminifera) in the Late Permian of the Tethyan region. Notes Lab. Paleont. Univ. Geneve 5, 1, p. 1-7. Zhou, Z. & M. Liengjarern (2004)- Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. J. Paleont. 78, 2, p. 317-339. (Artinskian Metaperrinites and Kungurian Perrinites faunas in Ratburi Group of N C Thailand and Saraburi Group of S C Thailand. Form part of perrinitid belt of ancient Tethys from Crimea in W to Pamir, W China, C Thailand to Timor in E) Zhou, Z. & Z. Yang (2005)- Permian ammonoids from Xinjiang, Northwest China. J. Paleont. 79, 2, p. 378-388. ('Middle' Permian perrinitid ammonoid areas from Xinjiang in W China very similar to faunas from adjacent Pamirs and Thailand. Associated with fusulinid limestones)


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X.6. Hominids, Quaternary Mammals Aimi, M. & F. Aziz (1985)- Vertebrate fossils from the Sangiran dome, Mojokerto, Trinil and Sambungmacan, Indonesia. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary Geology of the hominid bearing formations in Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 155-198. Allen, H. (1991)- Stegodonts and the dating of stone tool assemblages in island S.E. Asia: Asian Perspectives 30, p. 243-266. Anton, S.C. (2001)- Cranial evolution in Asian Homo erectus. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 27, p. 39-46. Audley-Charles, M.G. & D.A. Hooijer (1973)- Relation of Pleistocene migrations of pygmy stegodonts to island arc tectonics in Eastern Indonesia. Nature 241, p. 197-198. (Pleistocene pygmy stegodonts in Sulawesi, Flores and Timor, areas now separated by deep seas. Dwarf Stegodon populations coexisted in Flores and Timor, and apparently wandered back and forth in Pleistocene) Aziz, F. (1983)- Notes on a new Meganthropus S.33 from the SangiranDome, Central Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 4, p. 56-60. Aziz, F. (1989)- Macaca fascicularis (Raffles) from Ngandong, East Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 5, p. 50-56. (Macaque fossil tooth from Pleistocene of Ngandong along Solo River, site of Homo soloensis. Supports earlier interpretations of open-country habitat) Aziz, F. (1990)- Pleistocene mammal faunas of Sulawesi and their bearings to paleozoogeography. Ph.D. Thesis, Kyoto Univ., p. 1-106. Aziz, F. (2000)- A new insight on the Pleistocene fauna of Sangiran and other hominid sites in Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 10, p. 49-57. (Discussion of the De Vos 1982 and Sondaar 1982 Java mammalian biostratigraphy scheme) Aziz, F., H. Baba & S. Narasaki (1994)- Preliminary report on recent discoveries of fossil hominids from the Sangiran area, Java. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 4, 29, p.11-16. Aziz, F., H. Baba & N. Watanabe (1996)- Morphological study on the Homo erectus Sangiran 17 skull based on the new reconstruction. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Paleont. Ser. 8, p. 11-25. Aziz, F. & J. de Vos (1989)- Rediscovery of the Wadjak Site (Java, Indonesia). J. Anthropol. Soc. Nippon 97, p. 133-144. Aziz, F., P.Y. Sondaar, J.J.M. Leinders & J. de Vos (1989)- Fossil faunas and early man of Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 6, p. 1-3. Aziz, F., P.Y. Sondaar, J. de Vos, G.D. van den Bergh & Sudijono (1995)- Early dispersal of man on islands of the Indonesian Archipelago: facts and controls. Anthropol. Sci. 103, 4, p. 349-368. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) (Review of Pleistocene hominid disperals across Indonesia) Aziz, F., P.Y. Sondaar, G.D. van den Bergh & J. de Vos (1995)- Homo erectus in S.E. Asia: time space and migration routes, II. The Java case. In: J. Gibert et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. The hominids and their environment during the Lower and Middle Pleistocene of Eurasia, Orce 1995, p. 363-368. Aziz, F. & G.D. van den Bergh (1995)- A dwarf Stegodon from Sambungmacan (Central Java, Indonesia). Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. 98, 3, p. 229-241.


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(New dwarf Stegodon jaw fragment found in 1992 in shallow marine Kalibeng Limestone at Sambungmacan. Age may be latest Plioceneor earliest Pleistocene. Site may have been margin of a paleo-island in Kendeng zone. Overlying clastics at this site yielded 1973 'Solo Man' Home erectus skull cap discovery and stone tools) Baba, H. & F. Aziz (1992)- Human tibial fragment from Sambungmachan, Java. In: T. Akazawa et al. (eds.) The evolution and dispersal of modern humans in Asia, Tokyo, p 349-361. Baba, H., F. Aziz, S. Narasaki, Sudijono, Y. Kaifu, I. Saefudin & E.E. Susanto (2004)- Frontal bone fragment of Homo erectus from Sangiran, Java. Human Evolution 19, 3, p. 197-201. (Homo erectus frontal bone fragment found in 1994 in Brangkal River river floor, Sangiran area. Original stratigraphic level not known, possibly from 'Grenzbank') Baba, H., F. Aziz, Y. Kaifu, G. Suwa, R.T. Kono & T. Jacob (2003)- Homo erectus calvarium from the Pleistocene of Java. Science 299, p. 1384-1388. (Homo erectus calvarium from Sambungmacan, C Java. Overall morphology intermediate between that of earlier and later Javanese Homo erectus) Badoux, D.M. (1959)- Fossil mammals from two fissure deposits at Punung (Java) with some remarks on migrations and evolution of mammals during the Quaternary in South East Asia. Doct. Thesis University of Utrecht, p. 1-151. (Description of 'Punung' mammal fauna' from karst hills of S Mountains, E Java, collected by Von Koenigswald in 1930's. (see also Storm et al (2005) for details of locality, paleoenvironment (rainforest) and age (~0.1 Ma)) Bandet, Y., F. Semah, S. Sartono & T. Djubiantono (1989)- Premier peuplement par les mammiferes d’une region de Java Est, a la fin du Pliocene: age de la faune du Gunung Butak, pres de Kendungbrubus (Indonesie). Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris 308, p. 867-870. ('First population by mammals of a region of E Java at the end of the Pliocene: age of the Gunung Butak fauna near Kedungbrubus'. Along flanks of Gunung Butak marine sediments abruptly overlain by coarse and slightly transported volcanic breccia. Fossil mammals appear just above, in fluviatile and lahar beds. Top of basal breccia dated 1.87 Ma. Emerged tongues of land due to volcanoes colonized by mammals by latest Pliocene) Barker, G., H. Barton, M. Bird, P. Daly, I. Datan, A. Dykes et al. (2007)- The `human revolution' in lowland tropical Southeast Asia: the antiquity and behavior of anatomically modern humans at Niah Cave (Sarawak, Borneo). J. Human Evolution 52, 3, p. 243-261. (Modern humans in cave in Niah cave, N Borneo dated at ~50 kyr) Barry, J.C., N.M. Johnson, S.M. Raz, & L.L. Jacobs, (1985)- Neogene mammalian faunal change in southern Asia: correlations with climatic, tectonic, and eustatic events. Geology 13, p. 637-640. Bartstra, G.J. (1977)- Walanae Formation and Walanae terraces in the stratigraphy of South Sulawesi (Celebes, Indonesia). Quartar 27/28, p. 21-30. Bartstra, G.J. (1982)- Homo erectus erectus: the search for his artifacts. Current Anthropol. 23, 3, p. 318-320. (Years of fieldwork in C Java between 1977-1981 failed to find conclusive evidence for E-M Pleistocene tools used by Homo erectus. Many stone artifacts were found across E Java, but these could be from modern Homo) Bartstra, G.J. (1982)- The river-laid strata near Trinil, site of Homo erectus erectus, Java, Indonesia. Modern Quatern. Res. in Southeast Asia 7, p. 97-130. Bartstra, G.J. (1983)- Some remarks upon fossil man from Java, his age, and his tools. Bijdragen Taal, Land Volkenkunde 139, 4, Leiden, p. 421-434. (online at http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/index.php/btlv/article/view/2001/2762)


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(Review of stratigraphy and hominid fossils of C Java. Solo River deposits near Trinil two units: upper unit typical modern Solo river terrace deposits with Homo soloensis, lower unit Pleistocene clays, silts, sands and gravels, with Homo erectus) Bartstra, G.J. (1983)- The fauna from Trinil, type locality of Homo erectus: a reinterpretation, Comment I: The vertebrate bearing deposits of Kedungbrubus and Trinil, Java, Indonesia. Geologie en Mijnbouw 62, p. 329-336. Bartstra, G.J. (1985)- Sangiran, the stone implements of Ngebung and the Paleolithic of Java. Modern Quatern. Res. SE Asia 9, p. 99-113. Bartstra, G.J. & D.A. Hooijer (1992)- New finds of fossil vertebrates from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Lutra 35, p. 113-122. Bartstra, G.J., S.G. Keates, Basoeki & B. Kallupa (1991)- On the dispersion of Homo sapiens in Eastern Indonesia Indonesia: The Palaeolithic of South Sulawesi. Current Anthropol. 32, 3, p. 317-321. Bartstra, G.J., S. Soeghondo & A. van der Wijk (1988)- Ngandong man: age and artifacts. J. Human Evol. 17, 3, p. 325-337. (Homo soloensis found in 1930's in High Terrace of Solo River near Ngandong, with associated stone implements. Th/U ages for Ngandong vertebrate remains suggest Upper Pleistocene age (~30-100 ka?)) Bellwood, P.S. (2007)- Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago. Australia National Univ. Press, Canberra, 384 p. (3rd edition of 1985 book. Online by ANU E Press at http://epress.anu.edu.au/pima/pdf/pima-whole.pdf) Berry, E.W. (1916)- The environment of the ape man. The Scientific Monthly 3, 2, p. 161-169. (Early discussion of environmental setting of Pleistocene Pithecanthropus erectus (Java man). Recognized that during Pleistocene glacial lowstands Sumatra and Java were connected with Borneo and Malay Peninsula, forming landmass. Java Pleistocene mammal faunas of Siamese and Indian affinity and believed to have migrated from SE Asia mainland in NW) Bettis, E.A., Y. Zaim, R.R. Larick, R.L. Ciochon, Suminto, Y. Rizal et al. (2004)- Landscape development preceding Homo erectus immigration into Central Java, Indonesia: the Sangiran Formation Lower Lahar. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 206, p.115-131. (Sangiran Lower Lahar Unit debris flow age 1.9 Ma, terminates Late Pliocene shallow marine sedimentation) Bird, M.I., D. Taylor & C. Hunt (2005)- Palaeoenvironments of insular Southeast Asia during the last glacial period; a savanna corridor in Sundaland? Quat. Sci. Rev. 24, 20-21, p. 2228-2242. (Geomorphology, palynology, biogeography and vegetation/climate modelling suggests N-S 'savanna corridor' through Sundaland continent through Last Glacial Period at time of lowered sea-level. Minimal interpretation of 50-150 km wide zone of open savanna vegetation along divide between S China and Java Seas, forming land bridge between Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo and served as barrier to dispersal of rainforestdependent species between Sumatra and Borneo. Savanna corridor may have provided convenient route for rapid early dispersal of modern humans through region and on into Australasia) Bouteaux, A. (2005)- Paléontologie, paleoecologie et taphonomie des mammiferes du Pleistocene moyen ancien du site a hominides de Sangiran (Java central, Indonesie). Doct. Thesis Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, 368p. (online at: http://hopsea.mnhn.fr/pc/thesis/PhD_Bouteaux2005.pdf) ('Paleontology, paleoecology and taphonomy of the E-M Pleistocene mammals from the Sangiran hominid site, C Java') Bouteaux, A., A.M. Moigne, F. Semah & T. Jacob (2007)- Les assemblages fauniques associes aux sites a Homo erectus du dome de Sangiran (Pleistocene moyen, Java, Indonesie). Compt. Rend. Palevol 6, 3, p. 169179.


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('The faunal assemblages associated with Homo erectus sites at Sangiran (M Pleistocene, Java)'. Homo erectus in fluvial deposits outcropping in several localities. Thirteen taxa of M Pleistocene mammals determined. Lithic tools rare at these sites. Mechanical action of water responsible for accumulations). Bouteaux, A. & A.M. Moigne (2010)- New taphonomical approaches: The Javanese Pleistocene open-air sites (Sangiran, Central Java). Quaternary Int. 223-224, p. 220-225. (Excavations in Sangiran Dome produced numerous mammal fossils, including Homo erectus. Bones most common in M Pleistocene fluvial Kabuh Fm volcanoclastics, dominated by teeth and extremities of large bovids and smaller cervids, mostly in fragments. Modification of assemblages by water action. Carnivores and traces of their actions rare. Anthropic influence at Ngebung 2 site, with occurrence of lithic artifacts) Brongersma, L.D. (1935)- Notes on some recent and fossil cats, chiefly from the Malay archipelago. Zool. Meded. 18, p. 1-90. Brongersma, L.D. (1937)- On fossil remains of a Hyaenid from Java. Zool. Meded. 20, p. 186-202. Brown, P., T. Sutikna, M. Morwood, R.P. Soejono, Jatmiko, E.W. Saptomo et al. (2004)- A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. Nature, 431, p. 1055-1061. (Tiny hominid Homo floresiensis from Liang Bua cave on Flores) Brumm, A., F. Aziz, G.D. van den Bergh, M.J. Morwood, M.W. Moore et al. (2006)- Early stone technology on Flores and its implications for Homo floresiensis. Nature 441, p. 624-628. (C Flores Soa Basin sites contain stone artefacts associated with Stegodon florensis, Komodo dragon, rat, etc., dated to 840-700 ka. Apparent technological continuity with those excavated from Late Pleistocene at Liang Bua cave, 50 km to W, dated to 95–74 and 12 ka, and associated with small-bodied Homo floresiensis) Brumm, A., G.M. Jensen, G.D. van den Bergh, M.J. Morwood, I. Kurniawan, F. Aziz, & M. Storey (2010)Hominins on Flores, Indonesia, by one million years ago. Nature 464, p. 748-752. (Wolo Sege, a new site in the Soa Basin has in situ stone artefacts stratigraphically below previously discovered Mata Menge site. Iignimbrite overlying artefact layers erupted 1.02 Ma, providing new minimum age for hominins on Flores and predates disappearance from Soa Basin of ‘pygmy’ Stegodon and giant Geochelone) Buffetaut, E. (1989)- The contribution of vertebrate paleontology to the geodynamic history of SE Asia. In: A.M.C. Sengor et al. (eds.) Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan Region, NATO Advanced Study Inst., Ser., C, 259, p. 645-653. Chaimanee, Y., D. Jolly, M. Benammi, P. Tafforeau, D. Duzer, I. Moussa & J.J. Jaeger (2003)- A Middle Miocene hominoid from Thailand and orangutan origins. Nature 422, p. 61-65. Chaimanee, Y., V. Suteethorn, P. Jintasakul, C. Vidthayanon, B. Marandat & J.J. Jaeger (2004)- A new orangutan relative from the Late Miocene of Thailand. Nature 427, p. 439-441. Chaimanee, Y., C. Yamee, P. Tian, K. Khaowiset, B. Marandat, P. Tafforeau, C. Nemoz & J.J. Jaeger (2006)Khoratpithecus piriyai, a late Miocene hominoid of Thailand. American J. Phys. Anthropol. 131, p. 311-323. Choi, K. & D. Driwantoro (2007)- Shell tool use by early members of Homo erectus in Sangiran, central Java, Indonesia: cut mark evidence. J. Archeol. Sci. 34, p. 48-58. (1.6- 1.5 Ma old cut marks on Pleistocene bovid bones from Pucangan Fm in Sangiran, inflicted by thick clamshell flakes, document use of first tools in Sangiran and oldest evidence of shell tool use in world) Ciochon, R.L.& G.F. Gunnell (2002)- Eocene primates from Myanmar: historical perspectives on the origin of Anthropoidea. Evolutionary Anthropology 11, p. 156-168.


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Corvinus, G. (2003)- Homo erectus in East and Southeast Asia, and the questions of the age of the species and its association with stone artifacts, with special attention to handaxe-like tools. Quaternary Int. 117, p. 141-151. (Many fossil remains of H. erectus found In C Java, but not sure which tools belonged to H. erectus. Sangiran and Ngandong industries of small flakes provisionally connected with H. erectus soloensis. Handaxe-like tools from Pacitan, Java and Cabenge, Sulawesi are of uppermost Pleistocene age and work of modern humans) Cosijn, J. (1931)- Voorloopige mededeeling omtrent het voorkomen van fossiele beenderen in het heuvelterrein ten Noorden van Djetis en Perning (Midden Java). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, p. 113-119. ('Preliminary communication on the occurrence of fossil bones in the hill country N of Jetis and Perning, C Java') Cosijn, J. (1932)- Tweede mededeeling over het voorkomen van fossiele beenderen in het heuvelland ten Noorden van Djetis en Perning (Java). Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederl. Kol., Geol. Ser. 9, p. 135-148. ('Second communication on the occurrence of fossil bones in the hill country N of Jetis and Perning, C Java') Dawson, M.R. (1971)- Fossil mammals of Java I. Notes on Quaternary Leporidae (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) from Central Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B74, p. 27-32. (On fossil rabbits/ hares from Pleistocene of Sangiran, C. Java) De Terra, H. (1943)- Pleistocene geology and early man in Java. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., N.S. 32, p. 437-464. De Terra, H. (1949)- Geology and climate as factors of human evolution in Asia. In: W.W. Howell (ed.) Early man in the Far East, Symposium, Amer. Assoc. Phys. Anthropologists, Chicago 1946, p. 7-15. Detroit, F. (2000)- The period of transition between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens in East and Southeast Asia: new perspectives by the way of geometric morphometrics. Acta Anthropol. Sinica, Suppl. 19, p.75-81. De Vos, J. (1983)- The Pongo faunas from Java and Sumatra and their significance for biostratigraphical and paleo-ecological interpretations: Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam B86, p. 417-425. (Fossil faunas from Punung, Java, and Sumatran caves. Biostratigraphically intermediate between Ngandong and Wadjak faunas, and both indicative of humid forest climate) De Vos, J. (1985)- Faunal stratigraphy and correlation of the Indonesian hominid sites. In: E. Delson (ed.) Ancestors, the hard evidence, A.R. Liss, New York, p. 215-220. (Review of succession of Pleistocene mammalian faunas from E Java, as also described by Sondaar (1984). From old to young: Satir, Ci Saat, Trinil HK, Kedung Brubus, Ngandong, Punung and Wajak. Oldest faunas rel. poor island faunas. Kedung Brubus fauna reflects greatest interchange with Asian mainland. Oldest hominids in Sangiran of Trinil HK or Ci Saat age) De Vos, J. (1995)- The migration of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens in SE Asia and the Indonesian Archipelago. In: J.R.F. Bower & S. Sartono (eds.) Human evolution and ecology of Homo erectus, DSWO Press, Leiden University, p. 239-260. De Vos, J. (1996)- Faunal turnovers in Java in relation to faunas of the continent. Odontologie 1, p. 32-36. De Vos, J. (2002)- A century of Dutch paleo-anthropological research in Indonesia. In: H. Vermeulen & J. Kommers (eds.) Tales from academia; history of anthropology in the Netherlands, 2. Niccos, Nijmegen Studies in Development and Cultural Change 40, p. 1095-1116. De Vos, J. (2004)- The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection. In: C.F.Winkler Prins, & S.K. Donovan (eds.) VII Int. Symp. 'Cultural Heritage in Geosciences, Mining and Metallurgy: Libraries - Archives Museums, Leiden 2003, Scripta Geol., Spec. Issue, 4, p. 267-285. (Online at http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148593)


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(Description of large Dubois collection in Leiden Naturalis museum and its role in studies of Java Pleistocene stratigraphy, mammal faunas, faunal migrations, hominid evolution, etc.) De Vos, J. & F. Aziz (1989)- The excavations by Dubois (1891-1900), Selenka (1906-1908) and the Geological Survey by the Indonesian-Japanese Team (1976-1977) at Trinil (Java, Indonesia). J. Anthropol. Soc. Nippon 97, 3, p.407-420. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...) De Vos, J., F. Aziz, P.Y. Sondaar & G.D. van den Bergh (1995)- Homo erectus in S.E. Asia: time space and migration routes, III. Migration routes and evolution. In: J. Gibert et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. The hominids and their environment during the Lower and Middle Pleistocene of Eurasia, Orce 1995, p. 369-381. (Brief review of Pleistocene mammal fossil occurrences in SE Asia. E-M Pleistocene migration via SivaMalayan route from Siwaliks via Birma to Java brought in Homo erectus in M Pleistocene. During Late Pleistocene Sunda Shelf became connected with continent, causing migration from China, Vietnam, Cambodia via 'Sino-Malayan' corridor, bringing in Homo sapiens and leading to extinction of Homo erectus) De Vos, J., A. Bouteaux & A. Bautista (2007)- The mammalian faunas chronology in island Southeast Asia. In: A.M. Semah & K. Setiagama (eds.) First Islanders; human origins patrimony in Southeast Asia, p. 81-84. De Vos, J., S. Sartono, S. Hardja-Sasmita & P.Y. Sondaar (1982)- The fauna from Trinil, type locality of Homo erectus: a reinterpretation. Geol. Mijnbouw 61, p. 207-211. (Fauna at Trinil type locality is older than ‘Jetis-fauna’ of Von Koenigswald 1934 and also older than Kedung Brubus fauna. Many endemic species, suggesting island setting) De Vos, J. & P.Y. Sondaar (1982)- The importance of the Dubois' collection reconsidered. Modern Quatern. Res. SE Asia 7, p. 35-63. De Vos, J. & P.Y. Sondaar (1994)- Dating hominid sites in Indonesia. Science 266, p. 1726-1727. (Question correctness of Swisher et al. (1994) older radiometric ages of Java hominids (1.8-1.66 Ma instead of 'conventional' 0.97-0.73 Ma)) De Vos, J., P.Y. Sondaar, G.D. van den Bergh & F. Aziz (1994)- The Homo bearing deposits of Java and its ecological context. In: J.L. Lorenz (ed.) 100 years of Pithecanthropus: the Homo erectus problem, Courier Forschungs Inst. Senckenberg, Frankfurt, 171, p. 129-140. De Vos, J., L.W. van den Hoek Ostende & G.D. van den Bergh (2007)- Patterns in insular evolution of mammals: a key to island palaeogeography. In: W. Renema (ed.) Biogeography, time, and place: distributions, barriers, and islands. Springer, p. 315-345. (Includes review of Pleistocene mammal island faunas of SE Asia) De Vos, J. & T.L.Vu (2001)- First settlements: relations between continental and insular Southeast Asia. Proc. Int. Symp. Origine des peuplements et chronologie des cultures paleontkigques dans le sud-est asatique, Paris 1998, 24, p. 225-249. DIRSP (Dutch-Indonesian Joint-Research Group on Sedimentology and Paleontology of South Sulawesi) (1995)- The geology and stratigraphy of the vertebrate-bearing deposits in the Sengkang Basin: The terrestrial faunal evolution of South Sulawesi during the Plio-Pleistocene. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 18, p. 1-112. Djubiantono, T. & F. Semah (1993)- L’ile de Java et son peuplement. In: F. Semah et al. (eds.) Les dossiers d’ Archeologie 184, Le Pithecanthrope de Java, p. 12-19. (‘Java island and its colonization by humans’) Downing, K.F., G.G. Musser & L.E. Park (1998)- The first fossil record of small mammals from Sulawesi, Indonesia; the large murid, Paruromys dominator, from the Late(?) Pliocene Walanae Formation. In: Y. Tomida


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et al. (eds.) Advances in vertebrate paleontology and geochronology. Nat. Science Mus. Tokyo, Mon. 14, p. 105-121. (Discovery of first small mammal fossils from Sulawesi: two teeth of large rat species, identified as Paruromys dominator, from Walanae Fm at Lakibong, SW Sulawesi) Dubois, E. (1894)- Pithecanthropus erectus. Eine menschenaehnliche Uebergangsform aus Java. Batavia, Landsdrukkerij, p. (also in Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1895, Wetensch. Ged., p. 5-77) (The classic first description of ‘Java man’ the transitional form between apes and humans) Dubois, E. (1896)- On Pithecanthropus erectus, a transitional form between man and the apes. Trans.Royal Dublin Soc., Ser. 2, 6, p. 1-18. Dubois, E. (1908)- Das geologischer Alter der Kendeng- oder Trinil-Fauna. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardrijksk. Genoot. 2, 25, p. 1235-1270. ('On the geologic age of the Kendeng or Trinil fauna'. Suggests most likely age of hominid bearing beds is Pliocene; almost all other workers assume Pleistocene age) Dubois, E. (1926)- Manis paleojavanica, the giant pangolin of the Kendeng fauna. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 29, 9, p.1233-1243. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00015393.pdf) (Description of large Pleistocene ant eater from Kedung Brubus, 40 km ESE of Trinil, C Java. Possibly suggesting drier climate than today) Dubois, E. (1934)- New evidence of the distinct organization of Pithecanthropus. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 37, 3, p. 139-145. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016532.pdf) Dubois, E. (1935)- On the gibbon-like appearance of Pithecanthropus erectus. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 38, 6, p. 578-585. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016738.pdf) (Thighbones of Pithecanthropus erectus suggest close affinity with gibbon group apes) Dubois, E. (1937)- On the fossil human skulls recently discovered in Java and Pithecanthropus erectus. Man 37, p. 1-7. (Recently discovered Homo soloensis is primitive Homo sapiens and proto-Australian, nothing in common with P. erectus) Duller, G.A.T. (2001)- Dating methods: the role of geochronology in studies of human evolution in Southeast Asia and Australasia. Progress in Phys. Geogr. 25, 2, p. 267-276. Elbert, J. (1908)- Uber das Alter der Kendeng-Schichten mit Pithecanthropus erectus Dubois. Neues Jahrbuch Min, Geol. Palaeont., Beil. Band 25, p. 648-662. ('On the age of the Kendeng beds with Pithecanthropus erectus Dubois'. Overview of Kendeng- Solo River Late Pliocene- Pleistocene stratigraphy. Recognizes two similar-looking fluvial packages at Trinil, the lower one the true Trinil beds with Pithecanthropus and of Early Pleistocene age ('Unterdiluvial')) Elbert, J. (1909)- Dubois' Altersbestimmung der Kendengschichten- ein Wort der Entgegnung. Centralbl. Min, Geol. Palaeont. 1909, 17, p. 513-520. ('Dubois' age determination of the Kendeng beds- a reply'. Reply to Dubois 1908 paper) Elbert, J. (1911)- Die Selenka'sche Trinil-Expedition und ihr Werk. Centralbl. Min, Geol. Palaeont. 1911, 23, p. 730-741. (Review of Selenka & Blankenhorn 1911 report on Trinil expedition and its results)


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Fadjar, K.S. (2006)- L’industrie osseuse de l’horizon Keplek Holocene de la grotte Song Terus, Punung, Java Est. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, Dept. Prehistoire, Mem. 6, p. 1-78. (‘The bone industry of the Holocene Keplek horizon of Song Terus cave, Punung, E Java’. Gunung Sewu site) Fae, M. (1996)- Lithobiostratigraphy and fossil hominids of the Sangiran-Krikilan area, Java (Yogyakarta, Indonesia). Mem. Scienze Geol. 48, p. 143-153. Grimaud-Herve, D. & H. Widianto (2001)- Les fossils humains decouverts a Java depuis les annees 1980. In: F. Semah et al. (eds.) Origin des peuplements et chronologie des cultures Paleolithiques dans le sud-est Asiatique. Semenanjung, Paris, p. 331- 357. (‘The fossil humans discovered in Java since the 1980’s’) Grine, F. & J.L. Franzen (1994)- Fossil hominid teeth from the Sangiran Dome (Java, Indonesia). Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 171, p. 75-103. Groves, C.P. (1976)- The origin of the mammalian fauna of Sulawesi (Celebes). Zeitschr. Saugetierkunde 41, 4, p. 201-216. Groves, C.P. (1984)- Mammal faunas and the palaeogeography of the Indo-Australian Region. In: P. Andrews & J.L. Franzen (eds.) The early evolution of man with special emphasis on Southeast Asia and Africa. Cour. Forsch. Inst. Senckenberg 69, p. 267-273. Groves, C.P. (1985)- Plio-Pleistocene mammals in island southeast Asia. Modern Quaternary Res. SE Asia 9, p. 43-54. Groves, C.P. (2001)- Mammals in Sulawesi: where did they come from and when, and what happened to them when they got there ? In: I. Metcalfe, J.M.B. Smith et al. (eds.) Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia- Australia, A.A. Balkema, Liss, p. 333-342. (Present day faunal endemism suggests Sulawesi was cluster of islands until quite late in geologic time) Grun, R. & A. Thorne (1997)- Dating the Ngandong humans. Science 276, p. 1575-1576. (Critique of Swisher et al. 1996 dating results of Ngandong hominids; consider the Solo high terrace to represent a mix of materials reworked from different levels, sites, and ages) Hameau, S., C. Falgueres, J.J. Bahain, F. Semah, A.M. Semah & J.M. Dolo (2007)- ESR dating in Song Terus cave (East Java, Indonesia). Quaternary Geochron. 2, p. 398-402. (Dating on animal teeth from Song Terus cave, Gunung Sewu, E Java shows that cave belongs to karstic system which has been in place since M Pleistocene (216, 392 ka)) Hardjasasmita, H.S. (1987)- Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Suidae (Mammalia) in Indonesia. Scripta Geol. 85, p. 1-68. (online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148680) (Overview of ?Pliocene- Recent wild pigs, mainly of the genus Sus, in Indonesia, mainly Java) Hemmer, H. (1971)- Fossil mammals of Java II. Zur Fossilgeschichte des Tigers (Panthera tigris L.) in Java. Proc. Kon. Acad. Wet., B 74, p. 35-52. Hemmer, H. (1971)- Zur Kenntnis der Evolution javanischer Kleinkatzen: Prionailurus bengalensis koenigswaldi ssp. n. und Felis chaus ssp. aus dem Neolithikum von Sampung, Mittel-Java. Proc. Kon. Acad. Wet., B74, p. 365-367. ('On the knowledge of the evolution of javanese small cats from the Neolithic of Sampung, C Java') Hemmer, H. & G. Schütt (1972)- Pleistozane Leoparden (Panthera pardus) aus Java und Südchina. Proc. Kon. Acad. Wet., B76, p. 37-49. ('Pleistocene leopards from Java and S China')


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Hennig, E. (1911)- Die Fischreste. In: E . Selenka & M. Blanckenhorn (eds.) Die Pithecanthropus Schichten auf Java, Engelmann, Leipzig, p. 54-60. (Description of Pleistocene fish remains from Trinil. excavated by Selenka expedition) Herman, D.Z. (2011)- Fossilization type of Elephas hysudrindicus from Blora on the basis of petrographic and Scanning Electron Microscopic analyses. J. Geol. Indonesia 6, 2, p. 75-84. (On 2009 discovery of nearly complete skeleton of ancient elephant Elephas hysudrindicus in Solo River terrace in Sunggun area near Medalem Village. Some precipitation of calcite and other authigenic minerals) Hertler, C. & Y. Rizal (2005)- Excursion guide to the Pleistocene hominid sites in Central and East Java. JW Goethe Univ., Frankfurt, and ITB Bandung, 35p. (at http://www.palaeo.net/biologie/material/Excursion%20guide.pdf) (Overview of Pleistocene mammal fauna biostratigraphy, paleoanthropology and fossil hominid sites) Hertler, C. & R. Volmer (2005)- Assessing prey competition in fossil carnivore communities- a scenario for prey competition and its evolutionary consequences for tigers in Pleistocene Java. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 257, p. 67-80 (Five carnivore species overlapped in time in Java Pleistocene: two pantherines, a hyaenid and two canid species, each occuring in one or more faunal levels. Significant increase in body mass of tigers in Ngandong faunal level reflects intense competition among carnivores in preceding Kedung Brubus level) Hooijer, D.A. (1946)- Prehistoric and fossil rhinoceroses from the Malay Archipelago and India. Zoologische Meded. 26, 1, p. 1-138. (Online at: www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150703) (Description of fossil rhinoceros collected by Dubois in caves of C Sumatra in 1888-1890, Trinil, etc.) Hooijer, D.A. (1948)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. I. Celobochoecerus heekereni nov.gen.nov. spec. Proc. Kon. Nederl Akad. Wetensch. 6, 8, p. 1024-1032. (First of series of descriptions of Pleistocene mammal fossils from around Tjabenge, S Sulawesi, ~100 km NE of Makassar, collected by Van Heekeren) Hooijer, D.A. (1948)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. II. Testudo margae nov. spec. Proc. Kon. Nederl Akad. Wetensch. 6, 9, p. 1169-1182. (Pleistocene giant land tortoise fossils from S Sulawesi) Hooijer, D.A. (1948)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. III. Anoa depressicornis (Smith) subsp. and Babyrousa babyrussa beruensis nov. subsp. Proc. Kon. Nederl Akad. Wetensch. 6, 10, p. 1322-1330. Hooijer, D.A. (1949)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. IV. Archidiskodon celebensis nov. spec. Zool. Mededel., Leiden, 30, 14, p. 205-226. (Pleistocene dwarf elephant fossils from S Sulawesi) Hooijer, D.A. (1950)- Man and other mammals from Toalian sites in south-western Celebes. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, Afd. Natuurk., 2, 46, p. 1-164. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011890.pdf) (Descriptions of Holocene ('Toalian'; Neolithic) subfossil human and mammal bones from of Bola Batoe cave near Badjo Barebo district, 20 km SW of Watampone in Central Bone and ~100 km NE of Makassar in and other SW Sulawesi sites) Hooijer, D.A. (1951)- The geological age of Pithecanthropus, Meganthropus and Gigantopithecus. American J. Phys. Anthropology 9, 3, p. 265-282. (Review of Pleistocene Java mammal successions) Hooijer, D.A. (1951)- Pygmy elephant and giant tortoise. The Scient. Monthly 72, 1 (January 1951), p. 3-8.


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(On migration of Pleistocene mammal 'island fauna' from S Sulawesi, probably from Java) Hooijer, D.A. (1952)- Fossil mammals faunas and the Plio-Pleistocene boundary in Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, B55, p. 436-443. Hooijer, D.A. (1952)- Palaeoloxodon cf. namadicus (Falconer et Cautley) from Borneo. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B55; 4, p. 395-398. (Molar from Samarinda region, E Kalimantan, is first record of M Pleistocene Stegodon fauna on Borneo. Resembles M Pleistocene elephant Palaeoloxodon namadicus of S and E Asia. Represents link between Stegodon- Ailuropoda fauna of Java and Indochina) Hooijer, D.A. (1953)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. V. Lower molars of Archidiskodon celebensis Hooijer. Zool. Mededel., Leiden, 31, 28, p. 311-318. (On teeth of Pleistocene dwarf elephant from S Sulawesi) Hooijer, D.A. (1953)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. VI. Stegodon spec. Zool. Mededel., Leiden, 32, 11, p. 107-112. (On Pleistocene small Stegodon elephantoid from Tjabenge area, S Sulawesi) Hooijer, D.A. (1954)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. VIII. Dentition and skeleton of Celebochoerus heekereni Hooijer. Zool. Verhand., Leiden, 24, p. 1-46. (online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149035) (On Pleistocene pig from Tjabenge area, S Sulawesi) Hooijer, D.A. (1954)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. IX. Elasmobranchii. Proc. Kon. Nederl Akad. Wetensch. B57, 4, p. 475-485. (On Pleistocene shark teeth from Tjabenge area, S Sulawesi) Hooijer, D.A. (1954)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. X. Testudinata. Proc. Kon. Nederl Akad. Wetensch. B57, 4, p. 486-489. (On Pleistocene large tortoise fossils from S Sulawesi) Hooijer, D.A. (1954)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. XI. Molars and a tusked mandible of Archidiskodon celebensis Hooijer. Zool. Mededel., Leiden, 33, 15, p. 104-120. Hooijer, D.A. (1954)- A pygmy Stegodon from the Middle Pleistocene of Eastern Java. Zool. Meded. 33, 14, p. 91-102. (online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149695) (Dwarf elephantoid from area N of Djetis and Perning in E Java, collected by Cosijn) Hooijer, D.A. (1955)- Fossil Proboscidea from the Malay Archipelago and India. Zool. Verhand. 28, p. 1-146. (On Pleistocene elephant fossils from Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, India, etc.) Hooijer, D.A. (1956)- The lower boundary of the Pleistocene in Java and the age of Pithecanthropus. Quaternaria 3, p. 5-10. (Mammal fossils suggest Tjidjoelang and Kali Glagah faunas of Java are of basal Pleistocene age) Hooijer, D.A. (1957)- The correlations of fossil mammalian faunas and the Plio-Pleistocene boundary in Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, 60, 1, p. 125-128. Hooijer, D.A. (1957)- A Stegodon from Flores. Treubia 24, p. 119-129. Hooijer, D.A. (1958)- Fossil Bovidae from the Malay Archipelago and the Punjab. Zool. Meded. 38, p. 1-110. (online at: www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148928)


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Hooijer, D.A. (1958)- The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna of Celebes. Arch. Neerl. Zool. 13, Suppl. 1, p. 89-96. (Pleistocene mammal faunas discovered in fluvial deposits of Tjabenge area SW Sulawesi by Van Heekeren in 1948 different from any Pleistocene fauna in Indo-Australian region: island fauna with dwarf elephant and buffalo, giant tortoise, freshwater sharks and rays, etc.) Hooijer, D.A. (1964)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. XII. Notes on pygmy Stegodonts. Zool. Meded. 40, 7, p. 37-44. Hooijer, D.A. (1964)- New records of mammals from the Middle Pleistocene of Sangiran, Central Java. Zool. Meded. 40, p. 73-87. (Online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149780) (On mammal fossils from Sangiran donated to Leiden museum by Van Heekeren and Houboldt. Not much new) Hooijer, D.A. (1965)- Note on Coryphomis buhleri Schaub, a gigantic murine rodent from Timor. Israel J. Zoology 14, p. 128-133. (Large Pleistocene rat fossils from Liang Leluat (Ketiri) cave, SW Timor, collected by Verhoeven at Maubesi River) Hooijer, D.A. (1967)- Indo-Australian insular elephants. Genetica 38, 1, p. 143-162. (Pleistocene dwarfed elephants known from Celebes, Flores and Timor described and relationships considered. Pygmy forms arose independently on each island as result of isolation and genetic drift favouring small size. Wherever we find pygmy elephants we have also giant rodents) Hooijer, D.A. (1964)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. XIII. Sus celebensis Muller & Schlegel, 1845. Beaufortia 222, 16, p. 215-218. Hooijer, D.A. (1969)- The Stegodon from Timor. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsteram, B72, 3, p. 201210. (Additional description of Pleistocene dwarf elephant mandible and molars collected by Verhoeven E of Atambua, W Timor N coast, first described as Stegodon timorensis by Sartono 1969) Hooijer, D.A. (1970)- Pleistocene South-East Asiatic pygmy stegodonts. Nature 225, 5231, p. 474-475. Hooijer, D.A. (1971)- A giant land tortoise, Geochelone atlas (Faulconer & Cautley) from the Pleistocene of Timor. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, B74, 5, p. 504-525 Hooijer, D.A. (1972)- Stegodon trigonocephalus florensis Hooijer and Stegodon timorensis Sartono from the Pleistocene of Flores and Timor. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, B75, p. 12-33. (Flores and Timor Middle-Late Pleistocene Stegodon elephants much smaller than Java Stegodon, from which they probably evolved) Hooijer, D.A. (1972)- Varanus (Reptilia, Sauria) from the Pleistocene of Timor. Zool. Meded., Museum Leiden 47, p. 445-448. (On Pleistocene 'komodo dragon'-like lizard fossils from gravel deposits, collected by Verhoeven in Atambua area, W Timor) Hooijer, D.A. (1972)- Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes. XIV. Additions to the ArchidiskodonCelebochoerus fauna. Zool. Meded. 46, 1, p. 1-15. (Descriptions of new mammal material collected by 1970 Dutch-Indonesian expedition to Beru area, Sulawesi) Hooijer, D.A. (1974)- Elephas celebensis (Hooijer) from the Pleistocene of Java. Zool. Meded. 48, 11, p. 85-93. (online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150495) Hooijer, D.A. (1975)- Quaternary mammals west and east of Wallace’s line. Netherl. J. Zool. 25, p. 46-56.


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Hooijer, D.A. (1981)- What, if anything new, is Stegodon sumbaensis Sartono? Modern Quat. Res. SE Asia 6, p. 89-90. Hooijer, D.A. (1982)- The extinct giant land tortoise and the pygmy stegodont of Indonesia. Mod. Quat. Res. SE Asia 7, p. 176. Hooijer, D.A. (1983)- Comment II: Remarks upon the Dubois collection of fossil mammals from Trinil and Kedungbrubus in Java. Geol. Mijnbouw 62, p. 337-338. Hooijer, D.A. (1983)- Facts and fiction around the fossil mammals of Java. Geol. Mijnbouw 62, p. 339-343. Hooijer, D.A. (1984)- The mammalian faunas of Trinil and Kedungbrubus in Java once more. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 8, p. 95-102. (Comments on Sondaar et al. 1983 paper. Hooijer does not accept Kedungbrubus fauna is younger than Trinil fauna, but are roughly equivalent) Hooijer, D.A. & B. Kurten (1984)-Trinil and Kedungbrubus: the Pithecanthropus-bearing fossil faunas of Java and their relative age. Ann. Zool. Fennici 21, p. 135-141. Huffman, O.F. (1998)- An Early Pleistocene way of life - Homo erectus of Sangiran Dome, Central Java. In: P. Lunt, R. Netherwood & O F. Huffman (eds.) Guidebook for field trip to Central Java, Oct 1998, Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, 15 p. (online at: http://www.utexas.edu/cola/files/776909) Huffman, O.F. (1999)- Pleistocene environmental variety in eastern Java and early Homo erectus paleoecologya geological perspective. Bul. Geol., ITB, 31, 2. p. 93- 107. Huffman, O.F. (2001)- Pleistocene environmental variety in eastern Java and early Homo erectus paleoecologya geological perspective In: T. Simanjuntak et al. (eds), 2001 Sangiran: man, culture, and environment in Pleistocene times, Proc. Int. Coll. Sangiran, Solo 1998, p. 231-256. (online at http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/anthropology/projects/huffman/6-SoloProc2001.pdf) (Same paper as above. Homo erectus’ homeland was volcanic archipelago with variety of paleoenvironments like Java today) Huffman, O.F. (2001)- Geologic context and age of the Perning/Mojokerto Homo erectus, East Java. J. Human Evolution 40, 4, p. 353-362. (Perning/Mojokerto Homo erectus believed to be latest Pliocene) Huffman, O. F., J. de Vos, A.W. Berkhout & F. Aziz (2010)- Provenience reassessment of the 1931-1933 Ngandong Homo erectus (Java), confirmation of the Bone-bed origin reported by the discoverers. PaleoAnthropology 2010, p. 1-60. (online at: http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/content/PA20100001.pdf) Huffman, O.F., P. Shipman, C. Hertler, J. de Vos & F. Aziz (2005)- Historical evidence of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery, East Java. J. Human Evol. 48, p. 321-363. Huffman, O.F. & Y. Zaim (2003)- Mojokerto Delta, East Jawa: paleoenvironment of Homo modjokertensisfirst results. J. Mineral Techn., ITB, 10, 2, p. (manuscript online at: http://www.utexas.edu/cola/files/793055) Huffman, O.F., Y. Zaim, J. Kappelman, D.R. Ruez, J. de Vos, Y. Rizal, F. Aziz & C. Hertler (2006)- Relocation of the 1936 Mojokerto skull discovery site near Perning, East Java. J. Human Evolution 50, p.431-451. (Mojokerto skull discovery site was probably in beds 20m higher than ash layer dated as 1.81 Ma by Swisher et al. 1994)


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Hyodo, M., N. Watanabe, W. Sunata, H. Susanto & H. Wahyono (1993)- Magnetostratigraphy of hominid fossil-bearing formations in Sangiran and Mojokerto, Java. Anthropol. Sci. 10, p. 157-186. Indriati, E. (2004)- Indonesian fossil hominid discoveries from 1889 to 2003: catalogue and problems. In: S. Akiyama et al. (eds.) Proc. Fifth and Sixth Symposia on collection building and natural history studies in Asia and the Pacific Rim, National Science Museum Mon., Tokyo, 24, p. 163-177. (Indonesian hominid fossil discoveries catalogue in 1975 listed 57 hominids, in 2003 list more than doubled, albeit lacking provenance for some discoveries) Indriati, E., C.C. Swisher, C. Lepre, R.L. Quinn, R.A. Suriyanto, A.T. Hascaryo, R. Grun et al. (2011)- The age of the 20 meter Solo River terrace, Java, Indonesia and the survival of Homo erectus in Asia. PLoS ONE 6, 6, e21562, p. 1-10. (online at: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0021562) (Wide range and conflicting results of radiometric ages for hominid-bearing beds of East Java. New Ar/Ar ages from '20m terrace' at Ngandong and Jigar also inconsistent, but suggesting older age than currently accepted) Itihara, M., N. Watanabe, D. Kadar & H. Kumai (1994)- Quaternary stratigraphy of the hominid fossil bearing formations in the Sangiran area, Central Java. Courier Forschungs-Inst- Senckenberg 171, p. 123-128. Jablonski, N. G. & Tyler, D.E. (1999)- Trachypithecus auratus sangiranensis, a new fossil monkey from Sangiran, Central Java, Indonesia. Int. J. Primatology 20, 3, p. 319-326. (Description of new subspecies of Javan lutung, based on tooth-bearing upper jaw fragment from volcanic breccia between U Kalibeng Fm and Lower Pucangan Fm, 500 m S of Sangiran. Geochronological age 1.9 Ma, making it oldest monkey in SE Asia. Morphological similarities to living leaf monkeys of Java, but larger) Jacob, T. (1973)- Palaeoanthropological discoveries in Indonesia with special reference to the finds of the last two decades. J. Human Evolution 2, 6, p. 473-485. (Reviews of palaeoanthropological research in Indonesia since 1889. Three periods, with most finds in second one (1931-1941). Most finds are skull fragments of Pithecanthropus erectus, from M Pleistocene Kabuh Fm in Sangiran. K/Ar dating gives age of 1.9 ± 0·4 million years for Jetis beds at Perning (site of Mojokerto juvenile calvaria) and 0.83 Ma for Trinil beds at Sangiran) Jacob, T. (1978)- The puzzle of Solo Man. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 4, p. 31-40. Jacob, T. (1978)- New finds of Lower and Middle Pleistocene hominines from Indonesia. In: F. Ikawa-Smith (ed.) Early Palaeolithic in South and East Asia, The Hague, p. 13-22. Jacob, T. (1979)- Hominine evolution in South East Asia. Archaeology Phys. Anthropol. Oceania 14, p. 1-10. Jacob, T. (1980)- The Pithecanthropus in Indonesia: phenotype, genetics and ecology. In L.K. Konigsson (ed.) Current argument on Early Man, Proc. Nobel Symposium, Karlskoga 1978, Pergamon Press, Oxford, p. 170179. Jacob, T. (1981)- Solo Man and Peking Man. In: B.A. Sigmon & J.S. Cybulski (eds.) Homo erectus: papers in honor of Davidson Black, Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, p.87-104. Jacob, T., E. Indriati, R.P. Soejono, K. Hsu, D.W. Frayer, R.B. Eckhardt et al. (2006)- Pygmoid Australomelanesian Homo sapiens skeletal remains from Liang Bua, Flores: population affinities and pathological abnormalities. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 36, p. 13421-13426. Jacob, T. & D. Kadar (1978)- A new pithecanthropine cranial endocast S34 from the Sangiran Dome area, Central Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Pal. Ser. 1, p. 1-7.


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Jacob, T., R.P. Soejono, L.G. Freeman & F.H. Brown (1978)- Stone tools from Mid-Pleistocene sediments in Java. Science 202, p. 885-887. Jaekel, O. (1911)- Die fossilen Schildkrotenreste von Trinil. In: M.Selenka & M. Blanckenhorn, Die Pithecanthropus-Schichten auf Java, Leipzig, p. 75-81. (Description of Pleistocene turtle fossils from Trinil, collected by Selenka expedition) Joordens, J.C.A., F.P. Wesselingh, J. de Vos, H.B. Vonhof & D. Kroon (2009)- Relevance of aquatic environments for hominins: a case study from Trinil (Java, Indonesia). J. Human Evolution 57, p. 656-671. (Study of ecological context of Java hominids. Homo erectus site of Trinil contained near-coastal rivers, lakes, swamp forests, lagoons, and marshes with minor marine influence, laterally grading into grasslands. Trinil HK environments yielded edible molluscs and fish. Midden-like characteristics of large bivalve shell assemblages from Trinil HK indicate deliberate collection, possibly by hominin) Kaifu, Y., J. Arif, K. Yokoyama, H. Baba, E. Suparka & H. Gunawan (2007)- A new Homo erectus molar from Sangiran. J. Human Evol. 52, 2, p. 222-226. Kaifu, Y., F. Aziz, E. Indriati, T. Jacob, I. Kurniawan & H. Baba (2008)- Cranial morphology of Javanese Homo erectus: new evidence for continuous evolution, specialization, and terminal extinction. J. Human Evol. 55 p. 551-580. (Morphological changes in H. erectus skulls from Java: brain size expansion, anteroposterior lengthening of midcranial base and an anterior shift of posterior temporal muscle, etc. Crania from Sambungmacan transitional between earlier (Bapang Fm above Grenzbank in Sangiran) and later (Ngandong) morphotypes of Java. Development of unique features in later Javanese H. erectus supports hypothesis that this Javanese lineage went extinct without making significant contributions to ancestry of modern humans) Kaifu, Y, H. Baba, F. Aziz, E. Indriati, F. Schrenk & T. Jacob (2003)- Taxonomic affinities and evolutionary history of the early Pleistocene hominids of Java: dentognathic evidence. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropology 128, 4, p. 709-726. (Study of teeth of Early Pleistocene Javanese hominids from Sangiran show morphological differences between the younger and older groups. Primitive aspects of oldest Javanese hominid remains suggest hominids dispersed into E Eurasia in earlier Early Pleistocene) Kaifu, Y, H. Baba & F. Aziz (2006)- Indonesian Homo erectus and modern human origins in Australasia; new evidence from the Sambungmacan region, central Java. In: Y. Tomida et al. (eds.) Proc. 7th and 8th Symp. Collection building and natural history studies in Asia and the Pacific Rim, Nat. Science Mus. Mon. 34, p. 289294. (Fossil and genetic studies generally support African origins of modern humans. Current fossil evidence still insufficient to reject competing claim of continuity between Javanese Homo erectus and modern aboriginal Australians. New H. erectus fossils from Sambungmacan, C Java, intermediate between earlier and later groups of Javanese H. erectus and support discontinuity between H. erectus and H. sapiens in Australasia) Keates, S.G. (1998)- A discussion of the evidence for early hominids on Java and Flores. In: G.J. Bartstra (ed.) Bird's Head approaches; Irian Jaya studies; a programme for interdisciplinary research, Modern Quat. Res. in SE Asia 15, p. 179-191. Keates, S.G. & G.J. Bartstra (1994)- Island migration of early modern Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia: the artifacts from the Walanae Depression, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Palaeohistoria 33/34, p. 19Kelley, J. (2002)- The hominoid radiation in Asia. In: W.C. Hartwig (ed.) The primate fossil record, Cambridge University Press, p. 369-384. Koumans, F.P. (1949)- On some fossil fish remains from Java. Zool. Mededeel., Leiden, 30, 5, p. 77-82. (online at http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150405)


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(Description of rel. large Pleistocene fresh water fish remains from C Java, mainly Trinil, collected by Dubois) Kramer, A., T. Djubiantono, F. Aziz, J. S. Bogard, R.A. Weeks, D.C. Weinand et al. (2005)- The first hominid fossil recovered from West Java, Indonesia. J. Human Evol. 48, 6, p. 661-667. (M Pleistocene hominid teeth from Cisancah River, Rancah, W Java, SE of Bandung) Kunimatsu, Y., B. Ratanasthien, H. Nakaya, H. Saegusa & S. Nagaoka (2004)- Earliest Miocene hominoid from Southeast Asia. American J. Physical Anthropology 124, p. 99-108. Kunimatsu, Y., B. Ratanasthien, H. Nakaya, H. Saegusa & S. Nagaoka (2005)- Hominoid fossils discovered from Chiang Muan, northern Thailand: the first step towards understanding hominoid evolution in Neogene Southeast Asia. Anthropological Science 113, 1 p.85-93. (Upper molar of large-bodied Miocene hominoid found in 2000 in lignite mine in Chiang Muan basin, N Thailand was first record of Miocene hominoid from SE Asia. Age estimated to be M-L Miocene boundary (~10-12 Ma). In 2003 more hominoids found at same site, and named. Lufengpithecus chiangmuanensis) Kurten, B. (1964)- The sabre-toothed cat Megantereon from the Pleistocene of Java. Zool. Mededeel., Leiden, 38, 6, p. 101-104. (Description of tooth of sabre-toothed cat from unspecified Java location in Dubois collection, Leiden) Langbroek, M. & W. Roebroeks (2000)- Extraterrestrial evidence on the age of the hominids from Java. J. Human Evol. 38, p. 595-600. (Review of uncertainties of numerical ages assigned to Java Homo erectus fossils. Presence of tektites in middle Bapang deposits can be tied to large Australasian strewnfield from asteroid impact near Laos or Cambodia around 700,000-800,000 years BP. This would make the age of most Java hominids 1 Ma or younger) Larick, R., R.L. Ciochon, Y. Zaim, Sudijono, Suminto, Y. Rizal et al. (2001)- Early Pleistocene 40Ar/39Ar dates for Bapang Formation hominins, Central Jawa, Indonesia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 9, p. 4866-4871. (At Sangiran Dome ages around 1.5 Ma for beds with earliest Pithecanthropus erectus material, 1.02 Ma at point above hominin sequence and 1.25 Ma at intermediate level that yielded four nearly complete crania) Larick, R., R.L. Ciochon & Y. Zaim (2004)- Homo erectus and the emergence of Sunda in the Tethys Realm. Contributions of Potassium-based chronology in the Sangiran dome, Central Java. Athena Review,.4, 1, p. (online at: http://www.athenapub.com/13sunda.htm) Leakey, R.E. & L.J. Slikkerveer (1993)- Man-ape ape-man: the quest for human's place in nature and Dubios' 'missing link'. Netherlands Foundation for Kenya Widlife Service, p. 1-179. (Account of life and science of Eugene Dubois and debates on 'Java Man') Leinders, J.J.M., F. Aziz, P.Y. Sondaar & J. de Vos (1985)- The age of hominid-bearing deposits of Java: state of the art. Geol. Mijnbouw 64, p. 167-173. (Ages of Java mammal assemblages: Satir ~1.5 Ma, Ci Saat ~1.2 Ma, Trinil HK ~1.0 Ma, Kedung Brubus ~0.8 Ma) Louys, J., D. Curnoe & H. Tong (2007)- Characteristics of Pleistocene megafauna extinctions in Southeast Asia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 243, p. 152-173. Louys, J. & E. Meijaard (2010)- Palaeoecology of Southeast Asian megafauna-bearing sites from the Pleistocene and a review of environmental changes in the region. J. Biogeography 37, 8, p. 1432-1449. (Reconstructions of habitat of 25 Pleistocene sites in SE Asia with medium- and large-bodied mammals. Sites classified as closed (continuous tree cover), mixed (heterogeneous tree cover) and open (limited to no tree cover; incl. Trinil)


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Louys, J. & A. Turner (2012)- Environment, preferred habitats and potential refugia for Pleistocene Homo in Southeast Asia. Comptes Rendus Palevol 11, 2-3, p. 203-211. (SE Asia dominated by mix of savannah, open woodlands and evergreen forests in much of Pleistocene, conditions ideal for early hominin subsistence. These conditions would have been rare for much of rest of Asia during glacial periods. SE Asia was possible refugium for hominins during these periods) Mahirta (2005)- Stone technology and the chronology of human occupation on Rote, Sawu and Timor, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. Indo-Pacific Prehist. Assoc. Bull. 29, p. 101-108. (Online at: http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/view/700/662) (Human occupation in Nusa Tenggara started from at least 30,000 – 35,000 years ago) Marks, P. (1953)- Preliminary note on the discovery of a new jaw of Meganthropus Von Koenigswald in the lower Middle Pleistocene of Sangiran, Central Java. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 109, p. 26-33. Martin, K. (1884)- Ueberreste vorweltlicher Proboscidier von Java und Bangka. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl.Indie, 1884, p. 285-308. (Early paper on prehistoric fossil elephants from Java and Bangka) Martin, K. (1887)- Fossile Saugetierreste von Java und Japan. Jaarb. Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indië, Wetensch. Ged., 167, Palaeont. Nederl.-Indië 21, p. 1-45. (‘Fossil mammal remains from Java and Japan’) Marwick, B. (2009)- Biogeography of Middle Pleistocene hominins in mainland Southeast Asia: a review of current evidence. Quaternary Int. 202, p. 51-58. (Mainland SE Asia is surrounded by Middle Pleistocene hominid remains in India, S China and Indonesia, but little evidence from mainland. Region fits into great arc of human dispersal from Africa to Australia) Matsu’ura, S. (1982)- A chronological framing for the Sangiran hominids. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, D8, p. 1-53. Matsu'ura, S. (1985)- A consideration of the stratigraphic horizons of hominid finds from Sangiran by the fluorine method. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil bearing formations in Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 359-366 Matsu'ura, S., M. Kondo, F. Aziz, Sudijono, S. Narasaki & N. Watanabe (1985)- First known tibia of an early Javanese hominid Current Anthropology 41, 2, p. 297(On modern-shaped hominid tibia recovered in 1977 from Sambungmacan, C Java) Meijaard, E. (2003)- Mammals of South-East Asian islands and their Late Pleistocene environments. J. Biogeogr. 30, 8, p. 1245-1257. (During last glacial several areas in Sunda region remained forest covered: W Sumatra, NW Borneo, Malacca Straits and around Palawan. Other areas may have had more open vegetation types like tree savanna, or open deciduous forest: Malay/Thai Peninsula, Java Sea area, including Sunda Strait, and E Borneo) Meijaard, E. (2004)- Solving mammalian riddles: a reconstruction of the Tertiary and Quaternary distribution of mammals and their palaeoenvironments in island South-East Asia. Ph.D. Thesis Australian National Univ., Canberra, p. 1-347. (Online at: http://dspace.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/47989 or https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/47989) (New Miocene-Quaternary biogeographic models for SE Asia that help explain present-day distribution patterns and evolutionary relationships between mammal species) Mishra, S., C. Gaillard, C. Hertler, A.M. Moigne & T. Simanjuntak (2010)- India and Java: contrasting records, intimate connections. Quatern. Int. 223-224, p. 265-270. (Comparison of archeological, paleontological and hominin records of India and Java)


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Moigne A.M., R. Due Awe, F. Semah & A.M. Semah (2004)- The cervids from Ngebung site ('Kabuh series', Sangiran dome, Central Java) and their biostratigraphical significance. Modern Quat. Res. South-East Asia 18, p. 31-44. Moore, M.W. & A Brumm (2007)- Stone artifacts and hominins in island Southeast Asia: new insights from Flores, eastern Indonesia. J. Human Evol. 52, p. 85-102. (On stone tool types in Indonesia) Morwood, M.J., P. Brown, Jatmiko, T. Sutikna, E. Wahyu Saptomo, K.E. Westaway et al. (2005)- Further evidence for small-bodied hominins from the late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. Nature 437, p. 1012-1017. Morwood, M.J., P. O’Sullivan, E.E. Susanto & F. Aziz (2003)- Revised age for Mojokerto 1, an early Homo erectus cranium from East Java, Indonesia. Australian Archaeology 57, p. 1- 4. (Field study and redating of two pumice horizons at site of Homo erectus skull found by Duijfjes (1936) at Mojokerto, E Java, indicates age is less than 1.49 Ma, not the much-hyped 1.8 Ma by Swisher and others) Morwood, M.J., P.B. O’Sullivan, F. Aziz & A. Raza (1998)- Fission-track ages of stone tools and fossils on the East Indonesian island of Flores. Nature 392, p. 173-176. Morwood, M.J., R.P. Soejono, R.G. Roberts, T. Sutikna, C.S.M. Turney, K.E. Westaway et al. (2004)Archaeology and age of a new hominin from Flores in eastern Indonesia. Nature 431, p. 1087-1091. (Excavations at Liang Bua cave on Flores yielded tiny hominins, assigned to new species, Homo floresiensis. It existed from before 38 ka until at least 18 ka. Associated deposits contain stone artefacts and animal remains, including Komodo dragon and endemic, dwarfed species of Stegodon. H. floresiensis originated from an early dispersal of Homo erectus and overlapped in time with Homo sapiens in the region) Morwood, M.J., T. Sutikna, E.W. Saptomo, K.E. Westaway, Jatmiko et al. (2008)- Climate, people and faunal succession on Java, Indonesia: evidence from Song Gupuh. J. Archaeol. Sci. 35, 7, p. 1776-1789. (Song Gupuh cave in Gunung Sewu Limestones, E Java, over 16 m of deposits with faunal sequence spanning 70 ka. Terminal Pleistocene- Early Holocene period of maximum biodiversity. Human activity, especially after onset of Neolithic around 2.6 ka, contributed to progressive loss of species from area) Morwood, M.J. & P. van Oosterzee (2007)- A new human- The startling discovery and strange story of the “hobbits” of Flores, Indonesia. Harper Collins, p. 1-222. Movius, H.L. (1948)- The Lower Palaeolithic cultures of southern and eastern Asia. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new ser. 38, 4, p. 329-420. (Review of Pleistocene stratigraphy and hominids and stone tools in Java, NW India, Burma and N China) Movius, H.L. (1949)- Lower Palaeolithic archaeology in southern Asia and the Far East. In: W.W. Howell (ed.) Early man in the Far East, Symposium, Amer. Assoc. Phys. Anthropologists, Chicago 1946, p. 17-77. (Review of Pleistocene stratigraphy and hominids and stone tools in NW India, Burma, N China and Java) Ninkovich, D. & L.H. Burckle (1978)- Absolute age of the base of the hominid-bearing beds in Eastern Java. Nature 275, p. 306-308. (Diatoms suggest 2.1- 1.9 Ma age for marine beds at base of Sangiran Fm) Ninkovich, D., L.H. Burckle & N.D. Opdyke (1982)- Palaeographic and geologic setting for early man in Java. In: R.A. Scrutton & M.Talwani (eds.) The Ocean Floor, Wiley, New York, p. 211-227. Obradovich, J.D. & C.W. Naeser (1981)- Indonesia, age of Homo erectus from Java. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 1275, p. 285-286.


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Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1932)- De vondst van Palaeolithische menschelijke schedels op Java. De Mijningenieur 13, 6, p. 106-110. ('The discovery of Paleolithic human skulls on Java'. On new hominid skull discoveries in lower part of 20m river terrace along Solo River at Ngandong, C. Java) Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1932)- Homo (Javanthropus) soloensis, een Plistoceene mensch van Java. Voorloopige mededeeling. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 20, p. 49-75. ('Homo soloensis, a new Upper Pleistocene hominid from Solo River terrace at Ngandong, E Java') Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1932)- Ein neuer diluvialer Urmensch von Java. Natur und Museum, Senckenberg, 62, 9, p. 269-279. ('A new Pleistocene hominid from Java. Similar to above papers on Ngandong 'Solo Man' discovery, in German) Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1936)- Een prehistorisch cultuurcentrum lands de Solo Rivier. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. (2) 53, p. 399-411. ('A prehistoric culture center along the Solo River'. On mammal and hominid remains in Pleistocene fluvial terraces near Ngandung, Solo River downstream of Ngawi, E Java. In addition to bones, also various manmade tools made from bones) Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1937)- The place of Homo soloensis among fossil men. Early Man, p. 348-360. Orchiston, D.W. & W.G. Siesser (1982)- Chronostratigraphy of the Plio-Pleistocene fossil hominids of Java. Modern Quatern. Res. Southeast Asia 7, p, 131-149. Polhaupessy, A.A. (2006)- Environment of early man in Java. In: T. Simanjuntak et al. (eds.) Archaeology: Indonesian perspective, R.P. Soejono Memorial Volume, LIPI, Jakarta, p. 83-101 Pope, G.G. (1983)- Evidence on the age of the Asian Hominidae. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 16, p. 49884992. (All known Asian hominids <1 Million years old, and all early Asian hominids can be accommodated in Homo erectus. Entire record of Homo erectus in Asia may only span period of ~ 0.9-0.3 Ma. Maximal exposure of continental shelves such as Sunda occurred at ~ 3 Ma, 1.25 Ma and 0.65-0.45 Ma. Exposures at 1.25 Ma and 0.65-0.45 Ma most likely provided opportunities for migration of hominids and Pleistocene mammals to Java) Pope, G.G. (1995)- The influence of climate and geography on the biocultural evolution of the Far Eastern hominids. In: E.S. Vrba et al. (eds.) Paleoclimate and evolution, with emphasis on human origins, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, p. 493-506. Pope, G.G. & J.E. Cronin (1984)- The Asian hominidae. J. Human Evol. 13, 5, p. 377-396. (Majority of known Asian hominids less than 1.0 Ma old, with maximum age 1·3 Ma. All can be incorporated in Homo erectus or Homo sapiens. Asian fossil record suggests gradual change over ~ 1 million years) Pope, K.O. & J.E. Terrell (2008)- Environmental setting of human migrations in the circum-Pacific region. J. Biogeogr. 35, p. 1-21. (Rapid expansion of modern humans from Africa into SE Asia along coastal routes facilitated by period of stable climate and sea level from ~45,000- 40,000 yr BP, enabling them to reach coasts of NE Russia and Japan by 38,000- 37,000 yr BP) Rightmire, G.P. (1993)- The evolution of Homo erectus: comparative anatomical studies of an extinct species. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 276p. Sartono, S. (1969)- Stegodon timorensis: a pygmy species from Timor (Indonesia). Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., B72, p. 192-202.


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(First description of Pleistocene dwarf elephant from Timor, collected by Verhoeven in 1964, 5 km E of Atambua) Sartono, S. (1970)- On the stratigraphic position of Pithecanthropus mandible-C. Proc Inst. Teknol. Bandung 4, 4, p. 91-102. (Pithecantropus C mandible is from surface of Lower Pleistocene Putjangan beds from Sangiran area, C Java. Encrusting matrix of mandible with smaller foraminifera, suggesting Late Lower Pleistocene age (NB: most forams in Sangiran fluvial Pleistocene deposits are reworked from underlying marine beds; HvG). Sartono, S. (1972)- Discovery of another hominid skull at Sangiran, Central Java. Current Anthropol. 13, 1, p. 124-126. (New fossil Homo erectus skull discovered in 1969 at S flank Sangiran dome, at base of low bluff on S side of Putjung creek) Sartono, S. (1973)- On an additional Stegodon timorensis Sartono. Publ. Teknik Direkt. Geol., Ser. Paleontol. 3, p. 1-13. (Description of additional Stegodon tooth, collected by Verhoeven from sandy conglomerate overlying marine claystones near Umaklaren (Atambua), W Timor) Sartono, S. (1973)- On Pleistocene migration routes of vertebrate fauna in Southeast Asia. In: B.K. Tan (ed.) Proc. Reg. Conf. Geology of Southeast Asia, Kuala Lumpur 1972, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 6, p. 273-286. Sartono, S. (1975)- Implications arising from Pithecanthropus VIII. In: R.H. Tuttle (ed.) Palaeoanthropology, p. 327-360. Sartono, S. (1979)- The discovery of a pygmy Stegodon from Sumba, East Indonesia: an announcement. Modern Quatern. Res. SE Asia 5, p. 57-63. Sartono, S. (1979)- The age of the vertebrate fossils and artifacts from Cabenge in South Sulawesi. Modern Quat. Res. SE Asia 5, p. 65-82. Sartono, S. (1979)- The stratigraphy of the Sambungmacan site in Central Java. Modern Quatern. Res. SE Asia 5, p. 83-88. Sartono, S. (1980)- Homo erectus ngandongensis: the possible maker of the 'Sangiran flakes'. Anthropologie 18, p. 121-131. (Primitive stone artefacts named 'Sangiran flakes' limited to Top Kabuh/ Base Notopuro Formations at Sangiran, none found in the lower levels with hominid remains. Appear to be associated with more advanced Homo erectus ngandongensis) Sartono, S. (1984)- Notes on the Pleistocene stratigraphy of Java, Indonesia. Modern Quat. Res. SE Asia 8, p. 129-135. Sartono, S. (1985)- Datings of Pleistocene man of Java, Indonesia. Modern Quat. Res. SE Asia 9, p. 115-125. Sartono, S. (1985)- Pleistocene peopling of the Southeast Asian Archipelago. Proc. 12th Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Congress, Penablanca- Cagayan, Phillipines, p. 1-12. Sartono, S. (1986)- New lights on human evolution in Southeast Asia. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 20, p. 269-288. (Until 1980 the subdivision of Pleistocene human fossils as proposed by Von Koenigswald (1968) was used. New discoveries in last 5 years necessitate re-assessment. Earliest wave of human migration into SE Asia


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(Java) at ~1.8 Ma, coincided with onset of Gunz glacial. Before this period most of SE Asian region still inunated by sea, hampering movement of early humans from Asia) Sartono, S. (1991)- A new Homo erectus skull from Ngawi, East Java. Bull. Indo-Pacific Prehistory Assoc. 11, p. 23-35. (online at: http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/view/596/585) Sartono, S. (1991)- Meganthropus paleojavanicus v.K.: its place in human evolution. Fourth Int. Senckenberg Conf., Frankfurt 1991, p. Sartono, S. (1991)- Homo (Pithecanthropus) erectus: le debat sans fin. L'Anthropologie 95, 1, p. 123-136. ('Homo erectus: the debate without end') Sartono, S. (1996)- Java: diversity of Upper Pliocene- Pleistocene hominids. Bul. Geol. 26, 1, p. 1-12. (Final paper by Sartono; overview of hominids distribution, evolution, migration on Java) Sartono, S. & S. Hadiwisastra (1983)- Fosil vertebrata Plistosen di Busur Banda: implikasi struktural. Proc. 12th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 153-161. ('Pliocene fossil vertebrates in the Banda Arc: structural implications') Sartono, S., F. Semah, K.A.S. Astadiredja & T. Djubiantono (1981)- The age of Homo modjokertensis. Modern Quat. Res. in Southeast Asia 6, p. 91-102. (On Lower Pleistocene child skull from Upper Pucangan Fm at Mojokerto) Schutt, G. (1972)- Fossil mammals of Java IV. Zur Kenntnis der pleistozänen Hyänen Javas. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam B 75, p. 261-287. ('On the knowledge of Pleistocene hyenas from Java') Schutt, G. (1973)- Fossil mammals of Java V. Pleistozanen Caniden (Carnivora, mammalia) aus Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B 76, p. 446-471. ('Pleistocene canids from Java') Selenka, L. & M. Blanckenhorn (1911)- Die Pithecanthropus-Schichten auf Java. Engelmann, Leipzig, 342 p. (Extensive report of 1907-1908 Selenka-Trinil Expedition, with good descriptions of Pleistocene vertebrate and other fossils of Trinil deposits. Failed objective of finding more Java Man material l) Semah, F. (1982)- Pliocene and Pleistocene geomagnetic reversals recorded in the Gemolong and Sangiran Domes (Central Java): initial results. Modern Quat. Res. Southeast Asia 7, p. 151-164. Semah, A. M. (1984)- Palynology and Javanese Pithecanthropus environment. In: P. Andrews and J.L. Franzen (eds.), The early evolution of man with special emphasis on Southeast Asia and Africa. Courier Forsch. Inst. Senckenberg. 69, p. 237-243. Semah, F. (1984)- The Sangiran Dome in the Javanese Plio-Pleistocene chronology. In: P. Andrews and J.L. Franzen (eds.), The early evolution of man with special emphasis on Southeast Asia and Africa. Courier Forsch. Inst. Senckenberg. 69, p. 245-252. (Review of Late Pliocene- M Pleistocene stratigraphy of Sangiran, C Java (~2.0- 0.5 Ma)) Semah, F. (1986)- Le peuplement ancien de Java: ebauche d’un cadre chronologique. L’Anthropologie 90, p. 359-400. (Chronology of human population of Java) Semah, F., C. Falgueres, Y. Yokoyama, G. Feraud, H. Saleki & T. Djubiantono (1997)- Arrivee et disparation des Homo erectus a Java, les donnees actuelles. Abstracts 3rd Mtg European Assoc. Archaeol., p. 11-12.


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('Arrival and migration of Homo erectius on Java, the actual data'. Critique of Swisher et al. (1994), suggesting their 1·66 Ma age assigned to H. erectus skulls from Sangiran is based on radiometric age of volcanic tuff that underlies these skulls and therefore too old) Semah, F., H. Saleki, C. Falgueres, G. Feraud & T. Djubiantono (2000)- Did early man reach Java during the Late Pliocene? J. Archaeol. Sci. 27, 9, p. 763-769. (Homo erectus (Pithecanthropus) reached Java from Asian continent and became one of oldest islanders in world. Combined 40Ar/39Ar and palaeomagnetic data of 'Lower lahar' at base of fossil-bearing series of Sangiran dome show that emergence of the first dry land at Sangiran, took place at end and just after Olduvai subchron. Therefore ~1.7 Ma is max. age for arrival of first hominids at Sangiran) Semah, A.-M. & F. Semah (2001)- La signification paleoecologique des couches a hominides de l’ile de Java. In: F. Semah et al. (eds.) Origine des peuplements et chronologie des cultures paleolithiques dans le sud-est asiatique, Semenanjung/Artcom, Paris, p. 251-277. Semah, A.M. & F. Semah (2012)- The rain forest in Java through the Quaternary and its relationships with humans (adaptation, exploitation and impact on the forest). Quaternary Int. 249, p. 120-128. (Landscape change in Java over last 2.5 million years highly complex, with repeated expansion and fragmentation of rain forest. Evidence of intensive human impact on rain forest observed late, ~1500 years ago) Semah, A.M, F. Semah, T. Djubiantono & B. Brasseur (2010)- Landscapes and hominids' environments: changes between the Lower and the Early Middle Pleistocene in Java (Indonesia). Quaternary Int. 223, p. 451455. (Change in paleoenvironments in Lower and early M Pleistocene, based on sediment and pollen records in C Java. 'Grenzbank' layer at ~0.9 Ma at Sangiran marks major tectonic (folding of Kendeng zone) and climatic change (fragmentation of rainforest cover)) Semah, F., A.M. Semah & T. Simanjuntak (2003)- More than a million years of human occupation in insular Southeast Asia: the early archaeology of eastern and Central Java. In: J. Mercader (ed.) Under the canopy: the archaeology of tropical rainforests, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, p. 161-190. Shipman, P. (2001)- The man who found the missing link. Simon & Schuster, New York, 495 p. (Story of Eugene Dubois who found ‘Java Man’ at Trinil in 1891) Siesser, W.G. & D. W. Orchiston (1978)- Micropalaeontological re-assessment of the age of Pithecanthropus mandible C from Sangiran, Indonesia. Modern Quat. Res. SE Asia 4, p.25-30. Siesser, W.G, D.W. Orchiston & T. Djubiantono (1984)- Micropalaeontological investigation of Late Pliocene marine sediments at Sangiran, Central Java. Alcheringa 8, 2, p. 87-99. (Upper Kalibeng Fm and marine intercalations of Lower Pucangan Fm at Sangiran contain >30 calcareous nannoplankton taxa, indicating Late Pliocene age for both. Upper Kalibeng Fm assigned to zone NN 16 (3.25 2.3 Ma), Lower Pucangan Fm within NN 16- NN 18 (3.25- 1.65 Ma). Simanjuntak, T. (2002)- Gunung Sewu in prehistoric times. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta p. Simanjuntak, T. (2004)- New insight on the prehistoric chronology of Gunung Sewu, Java, Indonesia. Modern Quat. Res. in Southeast Asia, Balkema, Leiden, 18, p. 9-30. (C Java Southern Mountains numerous Late Pleistocene- Holocene, Paleolithic- Neolithic prehistoric sites) Simanjuntak, T. (2001)- New light on the prehistory of the Southern Mountains of Java. Bull. Indo-Pacific Prehist. Assoc. (IPPA) 21, p. 152-156. (online at: http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/view/272/262) (Many limestone caves in Gunung Sewu, S Java, were inhabited in Prehistoric times. Excavations revealed chronology from Early Holocene (possibly Late Pleistocene) to 4500 BP. by ‘Australomelanesian’ people)


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Simanjuntak, T. (2006)- Indonesia-Southeast Asia: climates, settlements, and cultures in Late Pleistocene. Comptes Rendus Palevol 5, p. 371-379 Simanjuntak, T., B. Prasetyo & R. Handini (eds.) (2001)- Sangiran: man, culture and environment in prehistoric times. Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta p. Simanjuntak, T., F. Semah & C. Gaillard (2010)- The Palaeolithic in Indonesia: nature and chronology. Quaternary Int. 223-224, p. 418-421. (Brief review of Indonesian ‘older’ Palaeolithic stone tool assemblages. Human presence on Java dates back to ~1.5 Ma, but no stone tools known older than ~1.0 Ma) Soares, P., J.A. Trejaut, J.H. Loo, C. Hill, M. Mormina et al. (2008)- Climate change and postglacial human dispersals in Southeast Asia. Molecular Biol. Evol. 25, 6, p. 1209-1218. (Modern humans in Island SE Asia since at least 50,000 years, commonly thought to be from Neolithic dispersal from China. Genome sequencing of modern humans suggest migration of humans from Sundaland across region since start of Holocene, at time of Sundaland breaking up into archipelago by rising sea levels) Soergel, W. (1914)- Stegodonten aus den Kendengschichten auf Java. Palaeontographica, Suppl. IV, III, p. 124. (Stegodont elephants from the Kendeng beds on Java) Sondaar, P.Y. (1981)- The Geochelone faunas of the Indonesian Archipelago and their paleogeographical and biostratigraphical significance. Modern Quaternary Res. SE Asia 6, p. 111-120. (Giant tortoises from Sangiran, etc.) Sondaar, P.Y. (1984)- Faunal evolution and the mammalian biostratigraphy of Java. Cour. Forsch. Inst. Senckenberg 69, p. 219-235. (Re-interpretation of Java fossil mammal successions. From old to young: Satir (early island fauna), Ci Saat, Trinil HK (with arrival of Homo erectus), Kedung Brubus, Ngandong, Punung and Wajak faunas) Sondaar, P.Y. (1987)- Pleistocene man and extinctions of islands endemics. Mém. Soc. Géol. France, N.S., 150, p. 159-165. Sondaar, P.Y. (1989)- Did man reach Australia via the giant rat and Dingo route ? Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 5, p. 76-83. (Discussion of possible routes followed by Pleistocene man from China to Australia) Sondaar, P.Y., F. Aziz, G.D. van den Bergh & J. de Vos & (1996)- Faunal change and hominid evolution during Quaternary of Jawa. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 8, p. 1-10. Sondaar, P.Y., G.D. van den Bergh, J. de Vos & F. Aziz (1995)- Homo erectus in S.E. Asia: time space and migration routes, IV. Overseas traveling of Homo erectus and faunal turnovers. In: J. Gibert et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. The hominids and their environment during the Lower and Middle Pleistocene of Eurasia, Orce 1995, p. 383-388. (Homo sapiens generally believed to be first to cross water barriers. Stone tools of 0.7 Ma age on Flores suggest Homo erectus probably also had this capability) Sondaar, P.Y., G.D. van den Bergh, J. de Vos & F. Aziz (2001)- The Flores case: the earliest island colonizers. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 27, p. 15-19. Sondaar, P.Y., G.D. van den Bergh, B. Mubroto, F. Aziz, J. de Vos & U.L. Batu (1994)- Middle Pleistocene faunal turnover and colonization of Flores (Indonesia) by Homo erectus. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. France, II, 319, p. 1255-1262.


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Spriggs, M., C. Reepmeyer, Anggraeni, P. Lape, L. Neri, W.P. Ronquillo, T. Simanjuntak et al. (2011)Obsidian sources and distribution systems in Island Southeast Asia: a review of previous research. J. Archaeol. Sci. 38, p. 2873-2881. (Review of distribution and origin of stone age obsidian artifacts in Philippines, Sulawesi, Flores, W and E Java, S Sumatra, Borneo and E Timor. Many were probably sourced from islands on which they were found) Storm, P. (1995)- The evolutionary significance of the Wajak skulls. Scripta Geol. 110, p. 1-247. Storm, P. (2001)- The evolution of humans in Australasia from an environmental perspective. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, p. 363-383. Storm, P., F. Aziz, J. de Vos, D. Kosasih, S. Baskoro, Ngaliman & L.W. van den Hoek Ostende (2005)- Late Pleistocene Homo sapiens in a tropical rainforest fauna in East Java. J. Human Evolution 49, 4, p. 536-545. (Redescription of two original sites of 'Punung fauna', as first described by Von Koenigswald (1939) and Badoux (1959) from karst hills of S Mountains, E Java. Punung and new nearby mammal site Gunung Dawung reflect tropical rainforest environment with common Pongo orangutan fossils. Punung fauna younger than Ngandong, possibly around 100 ka) Storm, P. & J. de Vos (2006)- Rediscovery of the Late Pleistocene hominin sites and the rediscovery of a new site Gunung Dawung in East Java. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 86, 2, p. 121-131. (On re-location of Von Koenigswalds's Punung sites where in the 1930s he collected hominin remains with mammals indicating presence of tropical rainforest, like orang-utans (Pongo) and gibbons (Hylobates)) Stremme, H. (1911)- Die Saugetiere mit Ausnahme der Proboscidier. In: M.L. Selenka & M. Blanckenhorn (eds.) Die Pithecanthropus-Schichten auf Java, geologische und palontologische Ergebnisse der Trinil Expedition (1907 und 1908), W. Engelmann, Leipzig, p. 82-150. (Description of mammals, not including elephants, from Pleistocene of Trinil area, from material collected by Selenka expedition, 1907-1908) Suminto, G.D. van den Bergh, I. Saefudin & K. Mano (1996)- The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the hominid skull find site, Grogolan Wetan, Sangiran area, Central Jawa. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 8, p. 51-57. (New H. erectus skull from upper Bapang Fm, between Upper Tuff and Uppermost Lahar. This is youngest level of hominid fossil occurrence in Sangiran) Suyono (2009)- The study of fossil faunas in the Walanae Basin, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis University of Wollongong, p. (Mainly on morphology and phylogenetic history of Celebochoerus heekereni, an endemic pig species from Pliocene in Walanae Basin, SW Sulawesi) Suzuki, M., W. Budisantoso, I. Saefudin & M. Itihara (1985)- Fission track ages of pumice tuff, tuff layers, and javites of fossil hominid fossil-bearing formations in Java. In: N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (eds.) Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil bearing formations in Java, Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 309-357. (Eight radiometric ages obtained from 21 pumice tuff layers and 2 javites of Pleistocene of Sangiran. Tuffs from Pucangan Fm 1.16 Ma and Kabuh Fm 0.71- 0.78 Ma). Javites 0.71 Ma) Swisher, C.C., G.H. Curtis, T. Jacob, A.G. Getty, A. Suprijo & Widiasmoro (1994)- Age of the earliest known hominids in Java, Indonesia. Science 263, p. 1118-1121. (40Ar/39Ar ages from pumice from Mojokerto hominid sites 1.81 and 1.66 Ma, 0.6 million years older than Homo erectus fossils from Olduvai Gorge, and comparable to age of H cf. erectus (H. ergaster) in Kenya. Ages would suggest Homo erectus may have evolved in Asia instead of Africa (NB: these Java age dating results widely disputed in subsequent literature due to erroneous locality information (Huffman et al. 2006, etc.))


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Swisher, C.C., G.H. Curtis & R. Lewin (2000)- Java Man- how two geologists’ dramatic discoveries changed our understanding of the evolutionary path to modern humans. Scribner, New York, 244p. (Popular account of events leading to new, but controversial conclusions on human evolution. This ‘dramatic discovery’ of relatively old age of Mojokerto hominids may be based on erroneous location information) Swisher, C.C., W.J. Rink, S.C. Anton, H.P. Schwartz, G.H. Curtis & A. Suprijo (1996)- Latest Homo erectus of Java; potential contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia. Science 274, p. 1870-1874. (Hominid fossils from Ngandong and Sambungmacan considered the most morphologically advanced Homo erectus. Dating of fossil bovid teeth collected from hominid-bearing levels gave mean ages of 27 to 53 ka, much younger than previous age estimates for these hominids) Tassy, P., P. Anupandhanant, L. Ginsburg, P. Mein, B. Ratanasthien & V. Suteethorn (1992)- A new Stegolophodon (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Early Miocene of northern Thailand. Geobios 25, 4, p. 511523. Ter Haar,C. (1934)- Homo-soloensis. De Ingen. in Nederl.-Indie,1, 4, p. 52-60. (Discussion of geological setting of Homo soloensis discovery in Solo River terrace deposits at Ngandong, Kendeng Hills, C Java) Theunissen, B. (1989)- Eugene Dubois and the ape-man from Java; The history of the first “missing link” and its discoverer. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, 293 p. (Study of the life and scientific contributions of Eugene Dubois, discoverer of ‘Java Man’ in 1891) Theunissen, B., J. de Vos, P.Y. Sondaar & F. Aziz (1990)- The establishment of a chronological framework for the hominid-bearing deposits of Java: a historical survey. In: L.F. La Porte (ed.) Establishment of a geologic framework for paleoanthropology, Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 242, p. 39-53. Tobias, P. (1966)- A re-examination of the Kedung Brubus mandible, Zool. Mededel., Leiden, 41, p. 307-320. Tougard, C. (2001)- Biogeography and migration routes of large mammal faunas in South-East Asia during the Late Middle Pleistocene: focus on fossil and extant faunas from Thailand. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 168, p. 337-358. (Thailand at boundary of Indochinese and Sundaic faunal provinces and in continental migration route of mammals migrating to SE Asia in M Pleistocene) Tougard, C. & S. Montuire (2006)- Pleistocene paleoenvironmental reconstructions and mammalian evolution in South-East Asia: focus on fossil faunas from Thailand. Quaternary Science Rev. 25, p. 126-141. Tyler, D.E. (2001)- “Meganthropus” cranial fossils from Java. J. Human. Evolution 16, p. 81-101. Tyler, D.E. (2004)- An examination of the taxonomic status of the fragmentary mandible Sangiran 5, (Pithecanthropus dubius), Homo erectus, “Meganthropus”, or Pongo? Quatern. Int. 117, p. 125-130. (Morphology of Sangiran 5 mandible fossil beyond known range of any H. erectus and must be pongid ape) Tyler, D.E. & S. Sartono (2001)- A new Homo erectus cranium from Sangiran, Java. Human Evolution 16, 1, p. 13-25. (New H. erectus cranium found in 1993 at Sangiran M Pucangan Fm, ~1.6-1.8 Ma in age. Braincase and most of face. Skull is longer and consistently narrower than Trinil, possibly female counterpart to Sangiran 17) Van den Bergh, G.D. (1999)- The Late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their paleozoogeographic implications. A study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line. Scripta Geol. 117, Leiden, p. 1-419. (online at: www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/45937)


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Van den Bergh, G.D. & F. Aziz (1991)- Fossil vertebrates from the Walanae Formation and younger Pleistocene deposits, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 1, 3, p. 8-11. Van den Bergh, G.D., F. Aziz, P.Y. Sondaar & S.T. Hussain (1992)- Taxonomy, stratigraphy, and paleozoogeography of Plio-Pleistocene Proboscideans from the Indonesian islands. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 7, p. 28-58. Van den Bergh, G.D., F. Aziz, P.Y. Sondaar & J. de Vos (1994)- The first Stegodon fossils from Central Sulawesi and a new advanced Elephas species from South Sulawesi. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Bandung, Bull. 17, p.22-39. Van den Bergh, G.D., J. de Vos, F. Aziz, M.J. Morwood (2001)- Elephantoidea in the Indonesian region: new Stegodon findings from Flores. In: Proc. Conf. The world of elephants, CNRS Rome, p. 623-627. (Recent discoveries of fossil Stegodon remains from Flores confirm earlier discoveries. E Pleistocene island assemblage, dated at 0.9 Ma, with dwarf Stegodon sondaari, Varanus komodoensis and giant tortoise remains. M Pleistocene assemblages from numerous localities dated as 0.85- 0.7 Ma, contain intermediate- large Stegodon florensis, giant Hooijeromys nusatenggara and V. komodoensis, associated with human stone tools) Van den Bergh, G.D., J. de Vos, P.Y. Sondaar & F. Aziz (1995)- Homo erectus in S.E. Asia: time space and migration routes, I. The Flores case. In: J. Gibert et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. The hominids and their environment during the Lower and Middle Pleistocene of Eurasia, Orce 1995, p. 353-362. Van den Bergh, G.D., J. de Vos, P.Y. Sondaar & F. Aziz (1996)- Pleistocene zoogeographic evolution of Java (Indonesia) and glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations: a background for the presence of Homo. Indo-Pacific Prehist. Assoc. Bull. 14 (Chiang Mai Papers, 1), p. 7-21. (online at http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/view/425/414) (Attempt to relate Java mammal faunal changes in last 2.5 My to global sea level changes, but relation not clear Van den Bergh, G.D., J. de Vos & P.Y. Sondaar (2001)- The Late Quaternary palaeogeography of mammal evolution in the Indonesian archipelago. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, 3-4, p. 385-408. Van den Bergh, G.D., H.J.M. Meijer, R.A. Due, M.J. Morwood, K. Szabo, L.W. van den Hoek Ostende, T. Sutikna, E.W. Saptomo, P.J. Piper & K.M. Dobney (2009)- The Liang Bua faunal remains: a 95 k.yr. sequence from Flores, East Indonesia. J. Human Evolution 57, 5, p. 527-537. (Excavations at Liang Bua limestone cave on Flores faunal sequence spanning the last 95 ky., major climatic fluctuations, and two human species: H. floresiensis from 95 to 17 ka, and modern humans from 11 ka- present. Faunal assemblage comprises island gigantism in small mammals and dwarfing of large taxa. Confirms longterm isolation, impoverishment, and phylogenetic continuity of Flores faunal community) Van den Bergh, G.D., B. Mubroto, F. Aziz, P.Y. Sondaar & J. de Vos (1996)- Did Homo erectus reach the island of Flores? In: P. Belwood (ed.) Indo-Pacific Prehist. Assoc. Bull. 14 (Chiang Mai Papers, 1), p. 27-34. (Flores E- M Pleistocene stone artifacts too old for Homo sapiens, probably made by Homo erectus) Van den Brink, L.M. (1982)- On the mammal fauna of the Wajak Cave, Java (Indonesia). Modern Quat. Res. SE Asia 7, p. 177-193. Van der Geer, A., G. Lyras, J. de Vos & M. Dermitzakis (2010)- Evolution of island mammals: adaptation and extinction of placental mammals on islands, Chapter 12, Java, Wiley and Sons, p.172-189. (Brief review of Java Pleistocene mammal finds and biozones) Van der Maarel, F.H. (1931)- Mammalia. In: Feestbundel K. Martin, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, p. 471-484. (Listings of Pleistocene mammal species as known from Indonesia in 1931 and bibliography)


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Van der Maarel, F.H. (1932)- Contributions to the knowledge of the fossil mammalian fauna of Java. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 15, p. 1-208. (Descriptions of vertebrate fossils collected by geological survey in 1925/26 in residencies of Pekalongan, Bojonegoro, Rembang, Madiun and Solo. First description of E Pleistocene island fauna from Bumiayu with Tetralophodon, deer and giant tortoise Geochelone) Van Es, L.J.C. (1929)- Trinil. Fourth Pacific Science Congr., Batavia/Bandung 1929, Excursion E5, p. 1-14. (Field guide to Trinil hominid site, C Java) Van Es, L.J.C. (1931)- The age of Pithecanthropus. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 142 p. Van Heekeren, H.R. (1957)- The stone age of Indonesia. Verhand. Kon. Inst. Taal- Land- Volkenkunde 21, p. 1-141. (also 1972 second edition; Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague 247 p.) Van Heekeren, H.R. (1958)- The Tjabenge flake industry from South Celebes. Asian Perspectives 2, p.77-81. Van Heteren, A.H. & J. de Vos (2011)- Stone implements from Java and Flores: a history of the discoveries. Comptes Rendus Palevol (in press) (Stone implements found on Flores similar to those found in Sangiran, C Java and confirm crossing to Flores by Homo erectus) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1933)- Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fossilen Wirbeltiere Javas I. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 23, p. 1-127. (‘Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil vertebrate fauns of Java, part 1’. Studies of Pleistocene vertebrate faunas of Java, mainly collected during geological survey Java mapping) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1933)- Ein neuer Urmensch aus dem Diluvium Javas. Centralblatt Min.Geol. Pal. 1993, B, 1, p. 29-42. (On new Pleistocene hominid Homo (Javanthropus) soloensis, discovered recently by Oppenoorth) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1934)- Zur Stratigraphie des javanischen Pleistocan. De Ingenieur Nederl.-Indie IV, 1, 4, p. 185-201. (‘On the stratigraphy of the Pleistocene of Java’) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1935)- Die fossilen Saugetierfaunen Javas. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 38,2, p. 188-198. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016677.pdf) ('The fossil mammal faunas of Java'. Pliocene-Pleistocene mammals grouped into 7 faunas, from young to old: 1. Sampoeng, 2. Ngandong, 3. Trinil, 4. Djetis/ Jetis, 5. Kali Glagah, 6. Tji Djoelang and 7. Tji Sande: latest Miocene- earliest Pliocene rhinoceros tooth is oldest mammal fossil from Java. No figures) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1935)- Bemerkungen zur fossilen Saugetierfauna Javas, I. Uber das Vorkommen von Nestotherium und Hyaena in der Djetis-Fauna Mittel-Javas. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 2, 7, p. 67-70. ('Remarks on the fossil mammal faunas of Java, I'. On the occurrence of Nestoritherium and Hyena in Jetis fauna of Sangiran, C Java) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1935)- Bemerkungen zur fossilen Saugetierfauna Javas, II. Eine Djetis-Fauna aus den Tambakan-Schichten der Gegend von Soeband, West-Java. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 2, 10, p. 85-88. ('Remarks on the fossil mammal faunas of Java, II'. On a Jetis fauna from the Tambakan beds SE of Subang, C. Java, collected by Harloff) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1935)- Over enkele fossiele zoogdieren van Java. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., 2, 52, 4, p. 539-543. ('On some fossil mammals of Java'. Popular review of skeletons of maamals from Java in various museums)


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Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1935)- Das Neolithicum der Umgebung von Bandoeng. Tijdschrift Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 75, p. 394-419. ('The Neolithic in the area of Bandung') Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1936)- Ein fossiler Hominide aus dem Altpleistocan Ostjavas. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie IV, 3, 8, p. 149-157. ('A fossil hominid from the Early Pleistocene of East Java'. Small hominid skull from Upper Pucangan beds near Mojokerto area, named Homo modjokertensis) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1936)- Erste Mitteilung uber einen fossilen Hominiden aus dem Altpleistocan Ostjavas. Proc. Kon. Ned. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, 39, 8, p. 1000-1009. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00016947.pdf) ('First communication on a fossil hominid from the Early Pleistocene of East Java'. Same paper as above on discovery of child skull in Upper Pucangan beds at N flank Kedung-Waru anticline near Mojokerto, named Homo modjokertensis) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1937)- Ein Unterkieferfragment des Pithecanthropus aus den Trinilschichten Mitteljavas. Proc. Kon. Ned. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, 40, 10, p. 883-893. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017126.pdf) (On a new lower jaw fragment of Pithecanthropus from Trinil Beds at Sangiran Dome, C Java) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1938)- Ein neuer Pithecanthropus Schadel. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 41, 2, p. 185-192. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00017154.pdf) ('A new Pithecanthropus skull'. New hominid skull from basal Trinil Beds at Sangiran Dome, C. Java) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1939)- Das Pleistozan Javas. In: R. Grahmann & L.F. Zotz (eds.) Quartar- Jahrbuch Erforschung des Eiszeitalters u. seiner Kulturen, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2, p. 26-53. ('The Pleistocene of Java'. Overview of Java Pleistocene stratigraphy and vertebrate/ hominid finds, including 'Punung Fauan not described elsewhere) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1940)- Neue Pithecanthropus-Funde 1936-1938, ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Praehominiden. Wetensch. Meded. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederl.-Indie 28, p. 1-233. (‘New Pithecanthropus finds 1936-1938; a contribution to the knowledge of the pre-hominids’) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1949)- Vertebrate stratigraphy of the Neogene and Quaternary. In: R.W. van Bemmelen, The geology of Indonesia and adjacent archipelagos, Nijhoff, The Hague, 1, p. 91-94. Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1949)- The fossil hominids of Java. In: R.W. van Bemmelen, The geology of Indonesia and adjacent archipelagos, Nijhoff, The Hague, 1, p. 106-107. Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1950)- Ein Elephant der planifrons Gruppe aus dem Pliocaen West-Javas. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 43, 2, p. 268-274. ('An elepant of the planifrons group from the Pliocene of W Java'. Elephant teeth from 'Tji Djulang', collected in 1935, presumably in Bumiayu area) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1952)- Fossil Sirenians from Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B55, p. 610-613. Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1954)- Fossil hominids from Java. Indonesian J. Natural Sci. 110, p. 194-199. (Listing of known hominid discoveries on Java, reprinted from Catalog of hominid fossils published at 19th Int. Geol. Congr., Alger 1952. Localities include Kedung Brubus, Mojokerto, Ngandong, Sonde, Trinil and Wajak)


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Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1956)- Remarks on the correlation of mammalian faunas of Java and India and the Plio-Pleistocene boundary. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 59, p. 204-210 Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1956)- The geological age of Wadjak man from Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 59, p. 455-457. Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1956)- Meeting prehistoric man. Thames and Hudson, London, p. 1-208. (Popular book on discovery of early hominids, particularly on Java) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1956)- Der Solo-Mensch von Java: ein tropischer Neanderthaler. In G. H. R. Von Koenigswald (ed.) Hundert Jahre Neanderthaler, Bohlau, Koln,p. 21-26. ('Solo Man from Java: a tropical Neanderthaler') Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1962)- Das absolute Alter des Pithecanthropus erectus Dubois. In: G.Kurth (ed.) Evolution und hominisation (Festschr. G. Heberer), Fischer, Stuttgart, p. 112-119. ('The absolute age of Pithecanthropus erectus Dubois') Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1974)- Fossil mammals of Java. VI, Machairodontinae from the Lower Pleistocene of Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B 77, p. 267-273. (Description of jaw and teeth of two genera of Pleistocene sabre tooth cat from Jetis Fauna, Sangiran, C. Java) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1975)- Early Man in Java: catalogue and problems. In: R.H. Tuttle (ed.) Paleoanthropology, Mouton, The Hague, p. 303-309. Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. (1976)- Evolution of man. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Revised edition, p. Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. & A.K. Ghosh (1972)- Stone implements from the Trinil Beds of Sangiran, Central Java. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, B76, 1, p. 1-34. (Crude stone tools from Trinil Beds at Sangiran) Von Koenigswald, G.H.R. & F. Weidenreich (1938)- Discovery of an additional Pithecanthropus skull. Nature 142, 3598, p. 715 (Discovery of almost complete brain case of Pithecanthropus in 1937, in Trinil Fm of Sangiran, C Java) Vu The Long, J. de Vos & R.L. Ciochon (1996)- The fossil mammal fauna of the Lang Trang Caves, Vietnam, compared with Southeast Asian fossil and recent mammal faunas: the geographical implications. Indo-Pacific Prehist. Assoc. Bull. 14, p. 101-109. Watanabe, N. & D. Kadar (eds.) (1985)- Quaternary geology of the hominid fossil-bearing formations in Java. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, 378 p. (Results of Indonesian- Japanese Research Project 1976-1979. Mainly on Pleistocene of Sangiran area, C Java. Project failed to find new hominid fossils, but good documentation of Sangiran stratigraphy, faunas, radiometric and paleomagnetic studies, etc.) Weidenreich, F. (1942)- Early man in Indonesia. The Far Eastern Quarterly 1942, p. 57-65. Weidenreich, F. (1945)- The puzzle of Pithecanthropus. In: P. Honig & F. Verdoorn (eds.) Science and scientists in the Netherlands Indies, Board for the Netherlands Indies, Surinam and Curacao, New York, p. 380390. Weidenreich, F. (1945)- Giant early man from Java and South China. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Anthropological Papers 40, 1, p. 5-134.


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Weidenreich, F. (1951)- Morphology of Solo man. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Anthrop. Pap. 43, 3, p. 203-288. (Description of 11 skulls of Homo soloensis, collected between 1931 and 1941 from Late Pleistocene Solo river terrace at Ngandong, C Java. With introduction by Von Koenigswald on geology and associated fauna) Westaway, K.E. (2002)- Preliminary observations on the taphonomic processes at Ngandong and some implications for a late Homo erectus survivor model. Tempus 7, p. 189-193. (At Late Pleistocene Ngandong site different taphonomic alterations between human and non-human skeletal elements. Homo erectus remains may be older than many non-hominin fossils) Westaway, K.E. (2006)- Reconstructing the Quatermary landscape evolution of Western Flores: an environmental and chronological context for an archaeological site. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. of Wollongong, 411 p. (Age range for occupation of Liang Bua cave by Homo floresiensis 95-11 ka, most intensive phases of occupation 74-61 and 17-11 ka, depositional age of the holotype skeleton 36-14 ka, and age of oldest human skeletal remains found on Flores 95-74 ka) Westaway, K.E., J.M. Morwood, R.G. Roberts, A.D. Rokus, J.X. Zhao, P. Storm, F. Aziz, G. van den Bergh, P. Hadi, Jatmiko & J. de Vos (2007)- Age and biostratigraphic significance of the Punung rainforest fauna, East Java, Indonesia, and implications for Pongo and Homo. J. Human Evolution 53, p. 709-717. (Punung Fauna of Java represents faunal turnover when Stegodon and other archaic mammal species were replaced by modern fauna, including rainforest-dependent species such as Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan). Dated as early Last Interglacial age (between 128+/-15 and 118+/-3 ka)) Westaway, K.E., M.J. Morwood, R.G. Roberts, J.X Zhao, T. Sutikna et al. (2007)- Establishing the time of initial human occupation of Liang Bua, western Flores, Indonesia. In: R. Grun & R.G. Roberts (eds.) LED 2005, 11th Int. Conf. Luminescence and Electron spin resonance dating, Quat. Geochron. 2, p. 337-343. Westaway, K.E., J.X Zhao, R.G. Roberts, A.R. Chivas, M.J. Morwood & T. Sutikna (2007)- Initial speleothem results from western Flores and eastern Java, Indonesia: were climate changes from 47 to 5 ka responsible for the extinction of Homo floresiensis? J. Quatern. Science 22, 5, p. 429-438. (O and C isotopic shifts in stalagmites from W Flores and E Java suggest rapid increase in rainfall around 13 ka or 17–16.5 ka, and may be related to abrupt disappearance of Stegodon and Homo floresiensis in W Flores) Weston, E.M. & A.M. Lister (2009)- Insular dwarfism in hippos and a model for brain size reduction in Homo floresiensis. Nature 459, 7243, p. 85-88. Widianto, H. (1993)- Unite et diversite des hominides fossils de Java: presentation de restes humains fossils inedits. Doct. Thesis Museum Nat. Hist. Nat., Paris, p. 1-277. Widianto, H. (2001)- The perspective on the evolution of Javanese Homo erectus based on morphological and stratigraphic characteristics. In: T. Simanjuntak et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Coll. Sangiran: man, culture and environment in Pleistocene times, p. 24-45. Widianto, H. & D. Grimaud-Herve (2000)- Un nouveau crane humain fossile dans le dôme de Sangiran (Java, Indonésie). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Ser. IIA, 330, 12, p. 883-888. ('A recently discovered fossil human skull near Grogol Wetan village in Kabuh Fm of in Sangiran dome, Java') Widianto, H., D. Grimaud & S. Sartono (2001)- The evolutionary position of the Ngawi calvaria. Bull. IndoPacific Prehistory Assoc. 21, p.162-169. (Ngawi 1 hominid skull originally described by Sartono 1991 from left bank Solo River near Selopuro, possibly derived from fluvial Pitu terraces, 5 km W of Ngawi. Probably related to Ngandong and Sambungmacan M-U Pleistocene Homo erectus group) Widianto, H., B. Toha & T. Simanjuntak (2001)- The discovery of stone implements in the Grenzbank: new insights into the chronology of the Sangiran flake industry. Bull. Indo-Pacific Prehistory Assoc. 21, p. 157-169.


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(online at: http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/view/273/263) (Sangiran flake industry stone tools made from chalcedony and silicified tuff found in situ in Grenzbank between Kabuh and Pucangan Fms, age at least 800,000 years ago) Widianto, H. & V. Zeitoun (2003)- Morphological description, biometry and phylogenetic position of the skull of Ngawi 1 (East Java, Indonesia). Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 13, 6, p. 339-351. (Human skull of Ngawi 1, Solo River near Selopuro, closer to Ngandong-Sambungmacan (40,000 yrs) than to Trinil-Sangiran series. Question is whether skull belongs to subspecies of H. sapiens, or to H. soloensis. After local volcano-tectonic events at 71 ka and catastrophic events at 780 ka, first inhabitants of Java may have disappeared and Ngawi 1 may be new invader from Asia) Willemsen, G.F. (1986)- Lutrogale palaeoleptonyx (Dubois, 1908), a fossil otter from Java in the Dubois collection. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. B 89, p. 195-200. Yokoyama, Y., C. Falgueres, F. Semah, T. Jacob & R. Grun (2008)- Gamma-ray spectrometric dating of late Homo erectus skulls from Ngandong and Sambungmacan, Central Java, Indonesia. J. Human Evol. 55, p. 274277. (Hominid fossils from Ngandong and Sambungmacan, C Java, Indonesia considered youngest representatives of Homo erectus. Dating of three skulls established minimum age of ~40 ka, with upper age limit of ~ 60 -70 ka. Homo erectus of Java may have been contemporaneous with the earliest Homo sapiens in SE Asia) Zaim, Y. (2010)- Geological evidence for the earliest appearance of hominins in Indonesia. In: J.G. Fleagle et al. (eds.) Out of Africa 1, The first hominin colonization of Eurasia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology 2, Springer Science, p. 97-110. (Until end Tertiary most Indonesian regions still in marine environment. Tectonics and glacioeustatic changes during Pleistocene formed Indonesian Archipelago. Sunda Land acted as land bridge and migration route for Homo erectus and vertebrate faunas from Asia mainland to Java.First arrival of vertebrate faunas from Asia to Indonesia through Sunda Land at end of Late Pliocene, followed by arrival of early hominin (Homo erectus paleojavanicus (Meganthropus paleojavanicus)) to Java in Early Pleistocene (1.6-1.0 Ma)) Zaim, Y. & R. Ardan (1998)- A premolar of Homo erectus from Patiayam region, Central Java. Bul. Geologi (ITB, Bandung) 28, p. 31-36. Zaim, Y., R.L. Ciochon, J. Polanski, F.E. Grine, E.A. Bettis, Y. Rizal, R. Larick et al. (2011)- New 1.5 millionyear-old Homo erectus maxilla from Sangiran (Central Java, Indonesia). J. Human Evol. 61, 4, p. 363-376. (New Homo erectus jaw fragment from base 'Grenzbank'/ Bapang Fm at Bapang, Sangiran. Pumice hornblende 2m above locality with 40Ar/39Ar age of 1.51 Ma) Zaim, Y., J. de Vos, O.F. Huffman, F. Aziz, J. Kappelman & Y. Rizal (2003)- A new antler specimen from the 1936 Perning hominid site, East Jawa, Indonesia, attributable to Axis lydekkeri (Martin, 1886). J. Mineral Teknol., Bandung, 10, 2, p. 1-9. Zaim, Y. & R. Marino (2002)- Pygmy Stegodon dari Desa Cariang, Kecamatan Tomo, Kab. Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Bul. Geologi (ITB, Bandung) 34, p. 45-52. (Dwarf Stegodon elephant from Cariang village, Yomo, Sumedang regency, W Java) Zaim, Y., Y. Rizal & Aswan (2007)- The geological background of hominid colonization of Java. In: A.M. Semah & K. Setiagama (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. First islanders- human origins patrimony in Southeast Asia, AsiaLink-HOPSea Programme, Paris, p.92-98. Zeitoun, V., F. Detroit, D. Grimaud-Herve & H. Widianto (2010)- Solo man in question: convergent views to split Indonesian Homo erectus in two categories. Quaternary Int. 223-224, p. 281-292. (Homo (Javanthropus) soloensis Oppenoorth from Solo River bank terraces thought to belong to either archaic Homo sapiens, or (most paleoanthropologists) evolved Homo erectus)


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Zwierzycki, J. (1926)- De beteekenis van nieuwe fossile werveldiervondsten bij Boemiajoe. De Mijningenieur 7, p. 229-234. ('The significance of new fossil mammal discoveries near Bumiayu', Java)


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XI. HYDROCARBONS, COAL XI.1. Hydrocarbon Occurrences/ Assessment (Additional references on hydrocarbons/ fields that are specific to one region are listed under that region) Akil, I., H.M.S. Hartono, J. Widartoyo, K. Roeslan et al. (1980)- Note on the hydrocarbon potential of eastern Indonesia. Proc. 17th Sess. CCOP, Bangkok, p. 334-356. (Only 5% of Indonesia current oil production from E Indonesia, but higher potential) Atkinson, C., M. Renolds & O. Hutapea (2006)- Stratigraphic traps in the Tertiary rift basins of Indonesia: case studies and future potential. In: M.R. Allen et al. (eds.) The deliberate search for the stratigraphic trap. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 254, p. 105-126. (Stratigraphic traps require charged petroleum system, favourable basin and reservoir architectures, low dips and good seal integrity. Paleogene rift basins: syn-rift source and reservoir sands; 'early post-rift' phase with better quality reservoir sandstones and reef carbonates; 'late post rift' transgression with marine shale regional seal. Late Tertiary 'orogenic' phases trigger migration up flanks and create structures at shallower levels. Potential for large reserves in stratigraphic traps. Unexplored basins in Asahan Offshore PSC, N Sumatra and Biliton PSC, W Java discussed) Bee, Ooi Jin (1980)- Offshore oil in Indonesia. Ocean Management 6, 1, p.51-73. Bee, Ooi Jin (1982)- The petroleum resources of Indonesia. Oxford University Press, 256 p. Beddoes, L.R. (ed.) (1973)- Oil and gas fields of Australia, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand. Tracer Petrol. Min. Publ., 391 p. (78 oil-gas fields in 12 basins with reserves and production data to end 1972) Beddoes, L.R. (1981)- Hydrocarbon plays in Tertiary basins of Southeast Asia. Energy 6, 11, p. 1141-1163. (also in SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1980, 18p. Eight basin areas, peripheral to Sunda Shield exhibit general continuity of Tertiary sedimentary cycles, but each basin unique structural, stratigraphic and temperature gradient character, reflecting its individual plate tectonic setting. With examples of Tertiary depositional cycles and hydrocarbon occurrences from E Java Sea and NW Palawan) Brouwer, H.A. (1926)- Oil provinces in the Netherlands East Indies. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, 2, p. 1280-1284. Brown, J.L. & J. E. McCallum (1997)- An atlas of sealing faults in SE Asia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 837-841. Carlson, R.M.K., S.C. Teerman, J.M. Moldowan, S.R. Jacobson, E.I. Chan et al. (1993)- High temperature gas chromatography of high-wax oils. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon.Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 483-507. Caughey, C., T.C. Cavanagh, J.N.J. Dyer, A. Kohar, H. Lestarini, R.A. Lorentz et al. (eds.) (1994)- Seismic atlas of Indonesian oil & gas Fields. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, vol. 1 (Sumatra) Caughey, C., J.N.J. Dyer, A. Kohar, H. Lestarini, W.R. Lodwick et al. (eds.) (1995)- Seismic atlas of Indonesian oil & gas Fields. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, vol. 2 (Java, Kalimantan, Natuna and Irian Jaya) CCOP (1974)- The offshore hydrocarbon potential of East Asia: a review of investigations 1966- 1973. Techn. Rept., p. 67p. CCOP (2002)- Energy overview in East and Southeast Asia. Petromin, August 2002, p. 8-36.


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Champeny, J.D. (1981)- Petroleum potential in the Far East. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Energy resources of the Pacific region, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Studies in Geol. 12, p. 189-194. Chung, S.K., A.S. Gan, K.M. Leong & C.H. Kho (1977)- Ten years of petroleum exploration in Malaysia. United Nations ESCAP, CCOP Techn. Bull. 11, p. 111-142. Clement, M. (1910)- Le petrole aux Indes neerlandaises. Annales des Mines 10, 17, p. 386-433. (‘Petroleum in the Netherlands Indies’) Cockcroft, P., J. Anli & J. Duignan (1988)- EOR potential of Indonesian reservoirs. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 73-108. Cockroft, P.J., G.A. Edwards, R.S.K. Phoa & H.W. Reid (1987)- Applications of pressure analysis and hydrodynamics to petroleum exploration in Indonesia. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-40. (General paper on pressure, hydrodynamics, etc.) Cockroft, P.J. & K. Robinson (1988)- Chemistry of oilfield waters in South East Asia and their application to petroleum exploration. Proc. South East Asia Petrol. Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX) 8, p. 221-238. Courteney, S. (1996)- The future hydrocarbon potential of Western Indonesia. In: C.A. Caughey, D. Carter et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence Stratigraphy in SE Asia, Jakarta 1995. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 397-415. (Correlative framework based on sequence stratigraphy established for productive basins in Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan. Examples of 'hydrocarbon system' from perspective of source, reservoir, seal and timing) Courteney, S., R. Cockroft, R.S.K. Phoa & A.W.R. Wight (eds.) (1989)- Indonesia Oil and Gas Fields Atlas. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 6 volumes. Courteney, S., P. Cockroft, R. Lorentz, R. Miller et al. (eds.) (1990)- Indonesian Oil and Gas Fields Atlas, VI Eastern Indonesia. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Publ., 119 p. Darissalam, M.M. (1992)- Chance and challenge of oil fields in Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 35-44. De Greve, W.H. (1865)- Petroleum en haar voorkomen in Nederlandsch Indie. Tijdschrift Nijverheid en Landbouw in Nederlandsch Indie 1865, 11, p. 281-356. ('Petroleum and its occurrence in Netherlands Indies'. Very early paper on surface petroleum occurrences in Netherlands Indies, and description of oil samples in the now defunct 'Colonial Museum' in Haarlem) De Jongh, C.A. (1922)- Geschiedenis van de petroleumindustrie op Java. De Mijningenieur 3, 5, p. 63-66. ('History of the petroleum industry on Java') De Loos, D. (1899)- Gesteenten en mineralen van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, 4: Petroleum. Koloniaal Museum Haarlem, Erven Loosjes, p. 1-59. ('Rocks and minerals from Netherlands East Indies- 4: petroleum'. Early, popular review of occurrence and properties of petroleum in Indonesia) De Stoppelaar, L.P. (1897)- De petroleum industrie, in het bijzonder die van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie: overzicht bewerkt ten behoeve van houders van petroleumwaarden. J.H. de Bussy, Amsterdam, 225p. ('The petroleum industry, in particular that of Netherlands East Indies: overview modified for holders of petroleum shares') Du Bois, E.P. (1980)- Major gas reserves of Southeast Asia and Australasia: an overview. Proc. 17th Sess. CCOP, Bangkok 1980, p. 286-303.


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ECAFE (1967)- Case histories of oil and gas fields in Asia and the Far East (Second Series). United Nations ECAFE Mineral Resources Dev. Ser. 29, 96 p. Fletcher, G.L. & R.A. Soeparjadi (1977)- The land of plenty: Indonesia's 28 Tertiary basins hold 99 percent of production. Oil and Gas J. 75, 1, p. 150-156. Gunawan, B.K., S.E. Saputra, M.K. Utama, C. Armandita & J.A. Paju (2008)- Play system from the last decade discoveries in Indonesia basins. Presentation AAPG Convention, San Antonio, April 2008, 24 p. (Overview of new plays in Indonesian basins) Hatley, A.G. (1976)- Offshore petroleum exploration in East Asia, an overview. In: Offshore SE Asia Congr., SEAPEX Program, Singapore 1976, Paper 1, p. 1-22. Hatley, A.G. (1978)- Asia's oil prospects and problems: an overview of petroleum exploration activity in East Asia. Offshore SE Asia Congr., SEAPEX Program, Singapore 1978, p. Heriyanto, N. & S. Aloy (1995)- Mesozoic petroleum exploration in the eastern part of Indonesia: status, concept and future activity. In: IPA Symposium on Mesozoic stratigraphy of eastern Indonesia, 8p. Howes, J.V.C. (1997)- Petroleum resources and petroleum systems of SE Asia, Australia, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 81-100. Howes, J.V.C. (2001)- Future petroleum production from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. In: M.W. Downey et al. (eds.) Petroleum provinces of the Twenty-first century. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 74, p. 281-286. Howes, J.V.C. & S. Tisnawijaya (1995)- Indonesian petroleum systems, reserve additions and exploration efficiency. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 1-18. (Indonesia EUR ~50 BBOE, roughly even oil- gas) Howes J.V.C. & R.A. Noble (eds.) (1997)- Proceedings International Conference Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., 1025 p. Ibrahim, A., N. Pudyo, A. Satyana & S. Saputra (2006)- Exploration hot zones in Kalimantan and Eastern Indonesia: a two decade review. Proc. SEG Ann. Meeting, New Orleans 2006, p. 1-5. (Extended Abstract) (>160 exploration wells drilled in last two decades with success ratio of 41% and discovered in place reserves of 6 BBOE. Most attractive plays are Jurassic Roabiba-Plover Play system (Tangguh, Abadi gas fields), Jurassic carbonates (Oseil), and Miocene carbonate in collision zone (Tomori)) Jardine, J. (1997)- Dual petroleum systems governing the prolific Pattani Basin, offshore Thailand. In: Proc. Symp. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 351-363. Kingston, J. (1988)- Undiscovered petroleum resources of Indonesia. Open File Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., 217 p. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0379/report.pdf) (Nearly all of Indonesia's petroleum resources in 13 of 44 sedimentary. W Indonesia, underlain by Sunda continental block, contains > % of present petroleum reserves and exploration reached early-middle maturity. Undiscovered recoverable petroleum resources of Indonesia are 10 BBO and condensate, and 95 Tcf gas (not including 60 Tcf of discovered, but undeveloped gas)) Koesoemadinata, R.P. (1969)- Outline of geologic occurrence of oil in Tertiary basins of West Indonesia. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 53, p. 2368-2376. (Many W Indonesian Tertiary basins similar geologic history)


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Koning, T. (2003)- Oil and gas production from basement reservoirs: examples from Indonesia, USA and Venezuela. In: N. Petford & K.J.W. McCaffrey (eds.) Hydrocarbons in crystalline rocks. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 214, p. 83-92. (Basement reservoirs main contributor of oil production in Vietnam. In Indonesia production from basement rocks has been minimal, but recent large gas discovery in pre-Tertiary fractured granites in S Sumatra) Masters, C.D. & J.P. Riva (1981)- Assessment of conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of Indonesia. U.S. Geol. Survey, Open File Rept. 81-1142, 7p. Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1920)- De geologische ligging der petroleumterreinen van Nederlandsch Oost Indie. Verslagen Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 29, p. 141-149. (Dutch version of Molengraaff 1921) Molengraaff, G.A.F. (1921)- On the geological position of the oil-fields of the Dutch East-Indies. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 23, 2-3, p. 440-447. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00014628.pdf) (Majority of large oil-fields in world in long enduring geosynclines, where these are marginal areas of sedimentation along coasts of continents. In Indonesia main proven oil basins all along edge of Sundaland. Accurately predicted NW Java and Central Sumatra as settings to look for new oil-gas fields) Murphy, R.W. & I. Longley (2005)- Main producing systems in Southeast Asia. Proc. SEAPEX 2005 Conf., Singapore 2005, 64p. (Three main petroleum systems in SE Asia: (1) rift-sag basins on continental crust (Sumatra- W Java, Malay basin, etc.), (2) Miocene platform carbonates (Sumatra, Luconia shoals, Salawati, Malampaya) and (3) shallow to deep water deltas, largely M- Late Miocene in age (E Bengal, Kutei, NW Borneo) Murray, A.P., I.B. Sosrowidjojo, R. Alexander & R.E. Summons (1997)- Locating effective source rocks in deltaic petroleum systems; making better use of land-plant biomarkers. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 939-945. (Distribution of oleananes and bicadinanes, land plant biomarkers in many SE Asian oils, can be used to better define maturity and depositional environment of effective source rocks) Nayoan, G.A.S. (1981)- Offshore hydrocarbon potential of Indonesia. Energy 6, 11, p. 1225-1246. Nayoan, G.A.S., L. Samuel, M.G. Rukmiati & D.N. Imanhardjo (1991)- Regional aspect of Pre Tertiary hydrocarbon potential in Eastern Indonesia. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 11-25. Ooi Jin Bee (1982)- The petroleum resources of Indonesia. Oxford University Press, 256 p. (Somewhat dated, mostly non-technical book on Indonesian oil industry and history) Patmosukismo, S., A. Pulunggono, Mulhadiono & L.Samuel (1989)- Hydrocarbon potential of Eastern Indonesia and required research direction. Neth. J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 153-164. (E Indonesia underexplored. Structural and stratigraphic trapping models and geochemical data on E Sulawesi, Seram and Irian Jaya indicate possibilities for exploration plays in Tertiary and Mesozoic) Pattinama, S. & L. Samuel (1992)- Petroleum exploration in deep water and frontier areas of Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 479-497. (86% of E Indonesia basins are deep sea basins and rel. little explored frontier areas; little or no G&G) Poley, J.P. (2000)- Eroica- the quest for oil in Indonesia (1850-1898). Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, 175p. (History of 19th century oil exploration in Sumatra, E Java, E Kalimantan) Pulunggono, A. (1975)- Recent knowledge of hydrocarbon potentials in sedimentary basins of Indonesia. AAPG Mem. 25, p. 239-249.


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(Early, general paper on Indonesian basins) Rachmat, J.B. & T. Wibowo (1992)- Hydrocarbon potential ranking of Indonesian Tertiary basins. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 19-34. Ramdhan, A.M., L.M. Hutasoit & A. Bachtiar (2012)- Some Indonesia’s giants: ‘unconventional’ hydrodynamic trap? Proc. 36th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. Jakarta, 12-G-004, p. 1-15. (Peciko and Tunu gas fields and some reservoirs in Nilam Field , Kutai Basin proven unconventional hydrodynamic traps. Arun (N Sumatra) and Tangguh (W Papua) possibly also hydrodynamic traps) Redfield, A. (1922)- Petroleum in Borneo. Econ. Geol. 17, p. 313-349. Reminton, C.H., N. Mujahidin & T. Yunus (2000)- Opportunity and challenge beyond the year 2000: the role of exploration in maintaining the oil and gas business in Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-12. Riva, J.P. (1982)- Petroleum prospects of Indonesia. Oil Gas J. 80, 10, p. 306-316. Riva, J.P. (1983)- Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of Indonesia. U.S. Geol. Survey Circular 899, 17p. (See also more elaborate version of USGS assessment by Kingston 1988) Robinson, K. (1984)- Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources in Tertiary sedimentary basins of Malaysia and Brunei. Open-File Report US Geol. Surv. OF, 84-0328, 21 p. Robinson, K. (1984)- Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources in Tertiary sedimentary basins of Thailand. Open-File Report US Geol. Surv. OF, 84-0330, 16 p. Satyana, A.H., C. Armandita & J.A. Paju (2012)- Acceleration in regional exploration of Indonesia: requirement for survival. Proc. 36th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA12-G-158, p. 1-14. Schenk, C.J. (2012)- Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of Thailand. In: Int. Petroleum Techn. Conference (IPTC), Bangkok 2012, 4 p. (US Geological Survey estimated mean 1.6 billion barrels of undiscovered conventional oil and 17 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered conventional natural gas in three geologic provinces of Thailand. Most of undiscovered conventional oil and gas in offshore Thai Basin Province) Schenk, C.J. (2012)- Potential unconventional oil and gas resource accumulations, Onshore Thailand. In: Int. Petroleum Techn. Conference (IPTC), Bangkok 2012, 3 p. (Tight gas and shale gas accumulations may exist in Triassic clastics of Khorat Plateau Province. Shale oil and shale gas may be present in extensional structures in Thai Cenozoic Basins Province. Coalbed gas does not appear to be viable resource in N Thailand) Schenk, C.J., M.E. Brownfield, R.R. Charpentier, T.A. Cook, T.R. Klett et al. (2010)- Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of southeast Asia, 2010. U.S. Geol. Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3015, p. 1-4. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3015/pdf/FS10-3015.pdf) (SE Asia undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in 23 geologic provinces. Oil mean total is 21.6 Billion BO (range 8,9- 41,6); gas mean total 299 TCFG (range 129- 557) and mean natural gas liquids 9.1 Billion barrels. About 70% of oil in 6 provinces: Baram Delta/Brunei-Sabah, Kutei, S China Sea Platform, E Java, Cuu Long and Thai Basins. About 60% of gas in 6 provinces: Kutei, Greater Sarawak Basin, East Java, Baram Delta/Brunei-Sabah, South China Sea and Nam Con Son Basin)


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Schenk, C.J., M.E. Brownfield, R.R. Charpentier, T.A. Cook, T.R. Klett, J.K. Pitman & R.M. Pollastro (2012)Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of Papua New Guinea, eastern Indonesia, and East Timor, 2011. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3029, 2 p. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3029/FS2012-3029.pdf) (USGS assessed undiscovered conventional oil and gas in five geologic provinces of the PNG, E Indonesia, and E Timor: (1) oil mean total 5,78 MMBO (2) gas mean total is 115,2 BCFG. Of undiscovered oil 36 % in Timor Thrust and Seram Thrust provinces, 37% in fold- thrust belts of PNG and Irian Jaya. Undiscovered Gas mean estimates for PNG Fold Belt 18,1 BCFG, Arafura Platform 15,9 BCFG and Bintuni Basin 20,8 BCFG) Schuppli, H.M. (1946)- Oil basins of the East Indian Archipelago. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 30, p. 1-22. Soeparjadi, R.A., G.A.S. Nayoan, L.R. Beddoes & W.V. James (1975)- Exploration play concepts in Indonesia. Proc. 9th World Petrol. Congr., London, 3, p. 51-64. Suardy, A., B. Simbolon & P.J. Taruno (1987)- Two decades of hydrocarbon exploration activities in Indonesia. In: M.K. Horn (ed.) Trans. 4th Circum Pacific Energy Min. Res. Conf., Singapore 1986, p. 243-261. Sujanto, F.X. (1986)- Hydrocarbon geology of producing basins in Indonesia and future exploration for stratigraphic traps. Proc. Joint ASCOPE ECOP Workshop I, Jakarta, p. Sujanto, F.X. (1997)- Substantial contribution of petroleum systems to increase exploration success in Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int Conf. Petroleum systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-14. (Broad overview Indonesia basins exploration and hydrocarbons) Sujanto, F.X., L. Kartanegara, Y.R. Sumantri & Gultom (1993)- An assessment of Indonesian natural gas reserves and resources. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 2, p. 638-652. Sujanto, F.X. & Pramu Hartoyo (1984)- Observasi atas status eksplorasi Migas di Indonesia Awal Pelita IV. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 423-438. Sumantri, Y.R. & E. Sjahbuddin (1994)- Exploration success in the Eastern part of Indonesia and its challenges in the future. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 1-20. (General overview E Indonesia discoveries, plays) Supraptono (1973)- The status of petroleum exploration in the offshore areas of Indonesia. United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 7, p. 75-79. (Offshore oil exploration in Indonesia started in 1967. In 1973 exploration by 21 companies in 27 (some very large) contract areas. 91 offshore exploration wells drilled in 1971) Suyitno Patmosukismo, A. Pulunggono, Mulhadiono & L. Samuel (1989)- Hydrocarbon potential of Eastern Indonesia and required research direction. Netherlands J. Sea Res. 24, 2-3, p. 153-164. Tiratsoo, E.N. (1973)- Oilfields of the world (Indonesia). Scientific Press, Beaconsfield, United Kingdom, p. 171-189. Todd, D.F. & A. Pulunggono (1971)- The Sunda basinal area, an important new oil province. Oil Gas J. June 14, p. 104-110. US Embassy, Jakarta (2006)- Petroleum report Indonesia 2005-2006. p. 1-121. (One of annual overview reports on Indonesia petroleum industry. Available from www.usembassyjakarta.org) Von Baumhauer, E. (1869)- Over de aardolien der Nederlandsch Oost Indische bezittingen. Verslagen Meded. Koninkl. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Afd. Nat. (2), III, p. 340-383.


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(‘On oils in the Netherlands Indies’. Recorded 44 oil seeps in Java. Also a few occurrences on Borneo, Sumatra, Ceram, E Sulawesi) Von Baumhauer, E. (1869)- Over de aardolien der Nederlandsch Oost Indische bezittingen. Tijdschrift Nederl. Maatschappij ter bevordering van Nijverheid, 310, Haarlem, p. 190-246. (‘On oils in the Netherlands Indies’. Same paper as above Witoelar Kartaadipura, L. & L. Samuel (1988)- Oil exploration in Eastern Indonesia, facts and prospective. Proc. 17th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 1-8. Yazid, A., Sunoto & D. Djatmiko (1992)- Development of oil and gas exploration activities In Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 1-18.


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XI.2. Hydrocarbon Source Rocks, Oils and Gases (Additional references on hydrocarbon source that are specific to one region are listed under that region) Abdullah, Wan Hasiah (1997)- Common liptinitic constituents of Tertiary coals from the Bintulu and Merit Pila coalfields, Sarawak, and their relation to oil generation from coal. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, 41, p. 85-94. Abdullah, Wan Hasiah (2003)- Coaly source rocks of NW Borneo: role of suberinite and bituminite in oil generation and expulsion. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 47, p. 153-163. Abubaker, T., W. H. Abdullah & A.H. Abd. Rahman (2004)-Biomarkers as palaeoenvironment and thermal maturity indicators of the Sandakan Formation (Late Miocene) East Sabah, Malaysia. Malaysian J. Science 23, 2, p. 165-174. Amijaya, H. (2010)- Indonesian low rank coal as petroleum source rock: high petroleum potentional but no expulsion? Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA10-G-071, 6 p. (Petrographic and geochemichal study on low rank coals from Muara Enim Fm, S Sumatra. Coals can generate gas and oil, but with huminite reflectance 0.35- 0.52 % threshold to generate and expel oil not yet reached) Atkinson, C.D. & A. Livsey (2000)- Role of resinite in hydrocarbon generation from Indonesian coals. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhib. Abstracts, AAPG Bull. 84, 9, p. 1400. (Abstract only) (Liptinite maceral "resinite" important constituent of Tertiary coals in W Indonesia, probably from resins of Diptocarp family tropical lowland trees. Samples from Miocene of Kutei Basin and Oligocene of Ardjuna Basin (off NW Java) have abundant resinite, particularly in vitrinite-rich delta plain coals. Resinites hydrogen-rich, but not paraffinic, suggesting resinite not significant contributor to terrestrially-derived oils in these basins, but contribute cyclic hydrocarbons and biomarkers to these oils) Bertrand, P. (1984)- Geochemical and petrographic characterization of humic coal considered as possible oil source rocks. Organic Geochem. 6, p. 481-488. Bradshaw, M., D. Edwards, J. Bradshaw, C. Foster, T. Loutit et al. (1997)- Australian and Eastern Indonesian petroleum systems. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.), Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 141-153. (Six Phanerozoic petroleum supersystems in Australia, three of these also in E Indonesia. Source rock intervals in Cambrian, Ordovician, Late Devonian, E Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Late Jurassic and Cretaceous. Petrel gas field in Bonaparte Basin example of Gondwanan Supersystem accumulation in Late Permian sandstones with earliest Triassic marine shale seal. Similar system may be operating in Bintuni Basin) Brown, S. (1989)- The "mangrove model", can it be applied to hydrocarbon exploration in Indonesia? Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 385-401. Carlson, R.M.K., S.C. Teerman, J.M. Moldowan, S.R. Jacobson, E.I. Chan et al. (1993)- High Temperature gas chromatography of high-wax oils. Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 483-507. (High Temp Gas Chromatography can provide paleoenvironmental information on geologic source of oils and bitumens. Oil from Salawati Basin in Irian Jaya and Telisa Shale extracts from C Sumatra show profiles consistent with marine sources. C Sumatran high-wax oils consistent with fresher water lacustrine source) Caughey, C.A. & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) (1999)- Gas habitats of SE Asia and Australasia. Proc. Int. Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. Cole, J.M. & S. Crittenden (1997)- Early Tertiary basin formation and the development of lacustrine and quasilacustrine/ marine source rocks on the Sunda Shelf of SE Asia. In: S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p.147-183.


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Cook, A.C. (1989)- Source potential and maturation of hydrocarbon source rocks in Indonesian sedimentary basins. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology, Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast Asia (GEOSEA VI), Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 319-342. (Rather general overview of source rocks) Cooper, B.A., M.J. Raven, L. Samuel & S.W. Hardjono (1997)- Origin and geological controls on subsurface CO2 distribution with examples from Western Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petrol. Systems SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 877-892. (Potential sources of CO2 include mantle degassing, reaction (metamorphic and diagenetic) of carbonates and catagenesis of coals) Core Laboratories Indonesia (1993)- A non-exclusive study of the hydrocarbon potential and stratigraphic occurrence of coals in Indonesia. Unpublished report BS-01, 5 vols. Courteney, S. (1996)- Middle Eocene, older sequences in rifts key to potential in western Indonesia. Oil and Gas J., May 27, p. 71-74. Curiale, J. & J. Decker (2007)- Eocene oil-prone source rock potential of Central Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 91, Program Abstracts 2007 AAPG Ann. Mtg. Long Beach. (Occurrence of oil-prone, terrigenous Eocene source potential in extensive areas of E Borneo and W Sulawesi, and oil-prone, lacustrine Eocene potential in S part Makassar Strait. Eocene-sourced oil accumulations known in Barito Basin (Tanjung Field). Extent of other Eocene-sourced accumulations (e.g., Tengkawang oil of E Kalimantan, surface seeps in SW Sulawesi, Pangkat oil tests in S Makassar Strait) not determined) Curiale J A., J. Decker, C.A. Caughey & H.F. Schwing (2003)- Oil-prone lacustrine source rock potential in Central Indonesia. 2003 AAPG/ SEPM Conv., p. 35-36. (Abstract only) (E Borneo and W Sulawesi oils show partial or total lacustrine signature. C Indonesian oils with partial or complete lacustrine signature include Pantai-1 (off E coast Borneo) and Pangkat-1 (S Makassar Strait,). Both oils elevated 4-methylsteranes. Pangkat-1 oil with beta-carotane, elevated sulfur (S = 2.1%) and very light carbon isotope ratios (d13C = -30.3 ppm). Very low maturity levels, possibly early generation from Type I-S kerogen deposited in hypersaline setting. Other C Indonesian oils reveal lacustrine source signature indicating freshwater depositional setting. Paleogene rifting between Borneo and Sulawesi provided potential development of oil-prone lacustrine source rocks) Curiale, J., R. Lin & J. Decker (2005)- Isotopic and molecular characteristics of Miocene-reservoired oil of the Kutei Basin, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 36, p. 405-424. (Thirty-two oils from Miocene sands of Kutei Basin examined. Isotopic data discriminate single megafamily of oils dominated by angiosperm debris. Separable into two sub-families: onshore and continental shelf oils (low lupanoid ratio) and continental slope oils (high lupanoid ratio)). Curiale, J.A., E. Lumadyo & R. Lin (2002)- Petroleum and source rock geochemistry of the Salayar Basin (offshore Sulawesi), Indonesia. AAPG- SEPM Ann. Conv., Houston 2002, Abstracts. (Salayar Basin off SW Sulawesi, at S-most extent of Makassar Strait in Indonesia. Cretaceous- M Eocene rifting created Dewakang graben, followed by inversion through M Miocene. Depositional models and regional data suggest lacustrine, oil-prone sources in Paleocene, and oil-prone coaly sequences in M Eocene. Both source facies proven to E and NE at basin margins. Eocene 'Kelara limestone' source for low-wax, low-asphaltene oil in basin center. Underlying Eocene coals- coaly shales analogous to oil-prone Barito Basin sapropelic coals, and responsible for oil seeps in SW Sulawesi. Possible occurrence of older, lacustrine oil-prone sources in Salayar Basin significant upside to exploration. Oil-prone sources mature in deepest parts of basin) Curiale, J.A., Pe Kyi, I.D. Collins, D. Aung, N. Kyaw, N. Maung Nyunt & C.J. Stuart (1994)- The Central Myanmar (Burma) oil family-composition and implications for source. Org. Geochem. 22, p 237-255.


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Davis, R.C., S.W. Noon & J. Harrington (2004)- Influence of depositional environment on the petroleum potential of Tertiary Indonesian coals. Abstracts 21th Ann. Mtg. Soc. Organic Petrology, Sydney, 21, 3p. Davis, R.C., S.W. Noon & J. Harrington (2007)- The petroleum potential of Tertiary coals from Western Indonesia: relationship to mire type and sequence stratigraphic setting. Int. J. Coal Geol. 70, p. 35-52. (500 deltaic sediments analysed from 14 basins in W Indonesia. Main peat-forming episodes: (1) Paleogene syn-rift transgressive,(2) Paleogene-Neogene post-rift transgressive, (3) Neogene regressive. Paleogene syn-rift coals more hydrogen-rich than Neogene coals and more oil-prone. Pliocene coals from regressive sequence in Sumatran fore-arc very hydrogen-poor. Systematic increase in HI with increasing rank suggests pyrolysis underestimates petroleum potential in low rank coals. Vitrinite type more important for petroleum potential than liptinite content. Four coal sub-types: I, II and III low ash coals and likely deposited in raised mires. Subtype IV hydrogen-rich, high-ash Eocene coals, deposited in submerged mire. Highly degraded peats result in hydrogen-rich coals with higher proportion of detrital vitrinite. Degree of degradation related to time peat spends in zone of influence of water table; unlikely related to tectonostratigraphic setting) Doust, H. & G. Lijmbach (1997)- Charge constraints on the hydrocarbon habitat and development of hydrocarbon systems in Southeast Asia Tertiary Basin. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.), Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of South East Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 115-125. (Most SE Asia basins similar geological history of Early Tertiary graben formation, fill and transgression, followed by E-M Miocene marine transgression and Late Tertiary regressive deltaic progradation. Main source rocks: (1) Early synrift lacustrine (Oligocene- E Miocene), oil prone; (2) Late synrift transgressive deltaic (Oligocene- E Miocene), oil and gas prone; (3) Early postrift marine (E-M Miocene transgression), mainly gas prone; and (4) Late postrift regressive deltaic (M Miocene-Pliocene), oil and gas prone. Lacustrine shales, fluvio-deltaic coals/coaly shales and organic-rich marine shales generated light waxy oils and abundant gas of region. More proximal basins and environments more oil prone, more distal basins and environments more gas potential, intermediate basins and environments both oil and gas prone) Doust, H. & R.A. Noble (2008)- Petroleum systems of Indonesia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 25, 2, p. 103-129. (Four Petroleum System Types (PSTs) corresponding to main stages of geodynamic basin development (1) oilprone Early Synrift Lacustrine in Eocene-Oligocene deeper parts of synrift grabens, (2) oil and gas-prone Late Synrift Transgressive Deltaic in shallower Oligocene- E Miocene portions of synrift grabens, (3) gas-prone Early Postrift Marine of E Miocene transgressive period, and (4) oil and gas-prone Late Postrift Regressive Deltaic of shallowest late Tertiary basin fills. Mixing of predominantly lacustrine to terrestrial charge has taken place. Grouped basins according to predominant PSTs and identified ‘‘basin families’’, termed proximal, intermediate, distal, Borneo and E Indonesian, according to palaeogeographic relationship to Sunda craton) Doust, H. & H.S. Sumner (2007)- Petroleum systems in rift basins- a collective approach in Southeast Asian basins. Petrol. Geosc. 13, p. 127-144. (Shell view of SE Asia Tertiary basins. Four types of petroleum systems, correlating with basin evolution stages (early and late synrift, early and late postrift). Petroleum system types characteristic environmentallycontrolled source, reservoir and seal lithofacies which, in combination with structural trap style, determine hydrocarbon habitat. Variations in tectonostratigraphic evolution due to differences in palaeogeographical position and proximity to late Tertiary collisions. This is reflected in volumes, field sizes and oil- gas ratios) Dowling, L.M., C.J. Boreham, J.M. Hope, A.P. Murray & R.E. Summons (1995)- Carbon isotopic composition of hydrocarbons in ocean-transported bitumens from the coastline of Australia. Organic Geochem. 23, 8, p. 729737. (Bitumens stranding along coastlines of Northern Territory, W Australia, S Australia, Victoria and Tasmania with biomarker signatures similar to SE Asian oils. Comparison with C Sumatra Minas and Duri lacustrine oils shows very similar isotopic patterns to waxy bitumens from Australian coastline. Asphaltic bitumens from S Australian coastline lighter carbon isotopes)


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Edwards D. & J. Zumberge (2005)- The oils of Western Australia II: Regional petroleum geochemistry and correlation of crude oils and condensates from Western Australia and Papua and New Guinea. GeoMark Research Ltd. (Unpublished multi-client study) Geneau, M.E. (1990)- A discussion of 'sniffer' geochemical surveying offshore Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 25, p. 57-73. GEOMARK (1993)- Far East oil study. 15 volumes. (Unpublished multi-client report on oils chemistry) Gibling, M.R. (1988)- Cenozoic lacustrine basins of Southeast Asia, their tectonic setting, depositional environment and hydrocarbon potential. In: A.G. Fleet, K. Kelts & M.R. Talbot (eds.) Lacustrine petroleum source rocks, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 40, p. 341-351. (Cenozoic strike-slip tectonism in SE Asia generated many short-lived, but deep basins. Formed ideal sites for lakes during Oligocene- Miocene early basinal history. Examples from N Thailand basins with lacustrine mudstone and coal with Type I, hydrogen-rich kerogen, with good hydrocarbon generation potential) Gordon, T.L. (1985)- Talang Akar coals; Ardjuna Subbasin oil source. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc..2, p. 91-120. Grantham, P.J., J. Posthuma & A. Baak (1983)- Triterpanes in a number of Far-Eastern crude oils. In: M. Bjoroy et al. (eds.) Advances in Organic Geochemistry, Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 675-683. Grunau, H.R. & U. Gruner (1978)- Source rocks and the origin of natural gas in the Far East. J. Petrol. Geol. 2, p. 3-56. (Most source rocks of SE Asa, Australia have strong humic component and therefore large gas-generating capacity, so Far East largely a gas province. Most source rocks Paleocene- Miocene age. Source rock maturity and post-maturity in many cases reached in Neogene to Recent times. Retention of gas may have been inadequate in areas of strong Neogene folding (e. g. Sumatra, E Kalimantan, Burma Tertiary basins). Hasiah, A.W. (1999)- Oil-generating potential of Tertiary coals and other organic- rich sediments of the Nyalau Formation, onshore Sarawak. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 255- 267. Hasiah, A.W. & P. Abolins (1998)- Organic petrological and organic geochemical characterisation of the Tertiary coal-bearing sequence of Batu Arang, Selangor, Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16, 4, p. 351-367. Hoffman, C.F., A.S. MacKenzie, C.A. Lewis, J.R. Maxwell, J.L. Oudin, B. Durand & M. Vandenbroucke (1984)- A biological marker study of coals, shales and oils from the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chem. Geol. 42, p. 1-23. Howes, J.V.C. & S. Tisnawijaya (1995)- Indonesian petroleum systems, reserve additions and exploration efficiency. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 1-17. Imbus, S.W., B.J. Kata & T. Urwongse (1998)- Predicting CO2 occurrence on a regional scale: Southeast Asia example. Organic Geochem. 29, p. 325-345. (In SE Asia gas fields CO2 may vary from <10% to 90% in same basin. Multiple possible origins for CO2, incl. from mantle, carbonate metamorphism, maturation of organic material, etc.). Tectonic setting, basement fault density, reservoir temperature and reservoir pressure are key elements controlling CO2 abundance) Jamil, A.S.A., M.L. Anwar & E.S.P. Kiang (1991)- Geochemistry of selected crude oils from Sabah and Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 28, p. 123-149. Katz, B.J. (1991)- Controls on lacustrine source rock development for Indonesia. Proc. 20th Ann.Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 587-619.


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(Lacustrine source rocks >80% of Indonesia's known petroleum reserves. Nonmarine source systems not universally distributed. Factors favoring lacustrine source development: tectonic development of narrow basins, subsidence rates in excess of sedimentation rates, rainfall rates in excess of evaporation but insufficient to support growth of rain forests, lack of winter storms, and limited seasonality of surface temperatures) Katz, B.J. (1995)- Biogenic gas- its formation and economic significance. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 461-474. Katz, B.J. (1995)- A survey of rift basin source rocks. In: J.J. Lambiase (ed.) Hydrocarbon habitat of rift basins, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 80, p.213-240. (Rift basins contain a disproportionate amount of petroleumrelative to their area and sediment volume, but not all rifts contain organic-rich deposits, nor are all organic-rich deposits volumetrically significant. Includes examples from C Sumatra, etc.) Katz, B.J. (2001)- Gas geochemistry- a key to understanding formation and alteration processes. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 789-802. (Multiple gas formation mechanisms, reflected in bulk and isotope geochemistry; can be used to decipher gas accumulation history) Katz, B.J. & B. Mertani (1989)- Central Sumatra - a geochemical paradox. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 403-425. (Crude oil data suggest four crude oil families in C Sumatra. Source rock data indicated only one effective oil source, Pematang Brown Shale. Facies variations in Brown Shale may explain differences in crude oils) Katz, B.J., R.A. Royle & B. Mertani (1990)- Southeast Asian and Southwest Pacific coals contribution to the petroleum resource base. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 299-329. (Considerable variation in ability of coals to generate hydrocarbons. With exception may be of algal-dominated coals, coals generally do not contribute to petroleum resource base. Lacustrine source rocks account for 90% of petroleum resource base of Indonesia, 95% of China’s) Kelly. P.A., K.K. Bissada, B.H. Burda, L.W. Elrod & R.N. Pheifer (1985)- Petroleum generation potential of coals and organic rich deposits: significance in Tertiary coal rich basins. Proc. 14th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 2, p. 3-21. (Contribution of coal to accumulated hydrocarbons controversial. Only alginite produces molecular fingerprint that resembles crude oil, hydrocarbons generated by vitrinite do not. Vitrinite generates minor quantities of hydrocarbons and is not viable oil source. Algae and bacteria probably represent basis for all crude oils) Kjellgren, G.M. & H. Suguharto (1989)- Oil geochemistry: a clue to the hydrocarbon history and prospectivity of the Southeastern North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 18th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. I, p. 363-385. Koesoemadinata, R.P. (1969)- Outline of the geologic occurrence of oil in Tertiary basins of West Indonesia. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 53, 11, p. 2368-2376. Lawrence, G., A. Fleming, M. Broadley & N.A. Press (1997)- Offshore seepage mapped from space highgrades unexplored parts of Southeast Asia basins. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 995-999. (General discussion of offshore satellite slicks in SE Asia) Lawwongngam K. & R.P. Philp (1993)- Preliminary investigation of oil and source rock organic geochemistry from selected Tertiary basins of Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 433-448. (Crude oils and extracts from source rocks from 6 basins of central plain and Gulf of Thailand suggest organic sources deposited in lacustrine environments. Organic matter mainly algae, with varying amounts of higher plant material. Variation in pristane/phytane ratios may imply differences in depositional oxicity. Separation


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between lacustrine environments indicated by differences in paleosalinity, e.g. hypersaline biomarker, gammacerane, which is restricted to offshore Gulf of Thailand) Leckie, A.J. & H.R. Woltjer (1935)- Het Helium-gehalte van aardgassen der petroleumbronnen. Handelingen 7e Nederl. Natuurwet. Congr., Batavia 1935, p. 170-181. ('The Helium content of natural gases from oil fields'. Analyses of 15 gases from Java, Sumatra, Borneo and sera. Highest He content in Bula field, Seram) Link, W. (1952)- Significance of oil and gas seeps in world exploration. Bull. AAPG 36, 8, p. 1505-1549 (General discussion of oil-gas seepage. Most common in young sediments that were folded, faulted and eroded and on basin margins. With 3 maps showing oil seep distribution on Sumatra (fig. 38), Borneo (fig. 39) and Java (fig. 40), based on information from Standard-Vacuum Oil Company) Livsey, A.R., N. Duxbury & F. Richards (1992)- The geochemistry of Tertiary and Pre-Tertiary source rocks and associated oils in eastern Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 707-761. (Overview of E Indonesia source rocks. Main source rock ages Late Permian, Late Triassic (restricted marine oil-source in Buton, Seram, Timor, Buru), E-M Jurassic (coaly and marine facies in New Guinea), Miocene (Salawati, Sengkang basins). Longley, I. (2005)- Topical tropical non-marine deep water deltaic charge systems in SE Asia. a model to explain why some are oily and some are not. Proc. 30th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 625-646. (General Asia hydrocarbon source discussion, mainly dealing with Borneo Baram and Mahakam deltas) MacGregor, D.S. (1994)- Coal-bearing strata as source rocks- a global overview. In: A.C.Scott & A.J. Fleet (eds.) Coal and coal-bearing strata as oil-prone source rocks? Geol. Soc. London Special Publ. 77, p. 107-116. (Coal-bearing sequences are significant oil generators only in very specific and relatively uncommon settings. Coals primary or important secondary source facies in Australasia/ SE Asia. In other regions of world no evidence they expelled major oil, but sourced significant amounts of gas. Liquid hydrocarbons restricted to two 'fairways'. (1) Tertiary angiosperm assemblages within 20 ° of the palaeo-equator and (2) Late Jurassic-Eocene gymnosperm assemblages formed on Australian and associated plates) MacGregor, D.S. (1995)- The exploration significance of surface oil seepage: an Indonesian perspective. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 97-109. (Majority of Indonesian oil provinces with belt of seeps on basin edge. Relationship between seeps and reserves good on basin scale, but poor at sub-basin and field scale. Seeps in W Indonesia controlled by extent of PlioPleistocene structural inversion over oil-bearing portions of backarc basins. Less disturbed extensional fabric of C. Sumatra less seepage than inverted fabric of N and S Sumatran basins, despite higher oil reserves. Active seeps frequent over active reverse faults and eroded steep anticlinal crests. High success rate of wells near seeps, but most seeping fields shallow and small. In inverted areas, oil generation usually no longer active and surface oil shows represent destruction of oil pools. Larger fields generally basinward of seep belt) Madon, M., J.S. Yang, P. Abolins, R. Abu Hassan, A.M. Yakzan & S. B. Zainal (2004)- Petroleum systems of the Northern Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 49, p. 125-134. (N Malay Basin petroleum province central/basinal gas-rich area, flanked on both sides and to S by mixed oil/gas zones. Non-associated gas fields in central zone mainly in D and E reservoirs, in Late Miocene inversion anticline. Vertical migration dominant process in basin centre. High CO2 gases typical of reservoirs in groups I and older and derived from inorganic sources. Low CO2 gas (<6 %) more typical of D-E reservoirs and derived from organic thermal degradation) Mann, A.L., N.S. Goodwin & S. Lowe (1987)- Geochemical characteristics of lacustrine source rocks: a combined palynologial/ molecular study of a Tertiary sequence from offshore China. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 241-258. (Study of Eocene-Miocene lacustrine source rocks from undisclosed well offshore China)


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Murray, A.P., I.B. Sosrowidjojo, R. Alexander, R.I. Kagi, C.M. Norgate & R.E. Summons (1997)- Oleananes in oils and sediments: evidence of marine influence during early diagenesis? Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 6, p. 1261-1276. (Oleananes derived from angiosperm plants. Abundance of oleananes in terrigenous oils and sediments may be sensitive to changes in early diagenetic conditions and need to be used with caution as age and source markers in fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine petroleum systems. Oleananes absent from base of Eocene coal seam affected by postdepositional seawater intrusion. In deltaic sediments from S Sumatra Basin, oleanane/hopane is strongly correlated with indicators of marine influence. Angiosperm-derived Miocene coal from Philippines, deposited under freshwater conditions, abundant aromatic oleanoids but no oleananes) Murray, A.P, R.E. Summons, C.J. Boreham & L.M. Dowling (1994)- Biomarker and n-alkane isotope profiles for Tertiary oils: relationship to depositional setting. Org. Geochem. 22, p. 521-542. Noble, R., D. Orange, J. Decker, P. Teas & P. Baillie (2009)- Oil and gas seeps in deep marine sea floor cores as indicators of active petroleum systems in Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G044, p. 385-394. (Results of geochem analysis of deep sea floor samples from ten ‘Black Gold- TGS’ areas in Indonesia, suggesting presence of mainly marine-origin Mesozoic and Tertiary source rocks) Okui, A. (2005)- Characteristics of non-marine dual petroleum systems in Southeast Asia. In: Oil and gas from the Cenozoic non-marine source rocks in East Asia; a point of contact between petroleum system and Earth system, Sekiyu Gijutsu Kyokaishi (J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Techn.), Tokyo, 70, 1, p. 91-100. (Miocene coal formerly thought to be main source rock in basins in and around Indochina Peninsula in SE Asia. However, new investigations reveal important role of Oligocene lacustrine source rocks ) Orange, D.L., P.A. Teas, J. Decker, P. Baillie & T. Johnstone (2009)- Using SeaSeep surveys to identify and sample natural hydrocarbon seeps in offshore frontier basins. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-090, p. 363-383. (Black Gold-TGS methodology of deep water hydrocarbon seeps detection from multibeam bathymetry and backscatter surveys) Peters, K.E., T.H. Fraser, W. Amris, B. Rustanto & E. Hermanto (1999)- Geochemistry of crude oils from Eastern Indonesia. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 83, 12, p. 1927-1942. (Oils from Irian Jaya and Sulawesi from Tertiary marine source. Seram oils from Triassic-Jurassic marine carbonate source. Timor seep oil Triassic-Jurassic clastics. Irian Jaya Wiriagar field oil from Jurassic, gas from Permo-Carboniferous) Peters, K.E., C.C. Walters & J.M. Moldowan(2005)- The biomarker guide: Vol. 2, Biomarkers and isotopes in petroleum systems and Earth history, 2nd Ed., Cambrige Univ. Press, 1150p. (Geochemistry text book, with sections on petroleum source rocks of Mahakam Delta, etc.) Petersen, H.I., C. Andersen, P.H. Anh, J.A. Bojesen-Koefoed, L.H. Nielsen et al. (2001)- Petroleum potential of Oligocene lacustrine mudstones and coals at Dong Ho, Vietnam- an outcrop analogue to terrestrial source rocks in the greater Song Hong Basin. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, p. 135-154. Petersen, H.I., H.P. Nytoft & L.H. Nielsen (2004)- Characterisation of oil and potential source rocks in the northeastern Song Hong Basin, Vietnam: indications of a lacustrine-coal sourced petroleum system. Organic Geochem. 35, p. 493-515. Petersen, H.I., Vu Tru, L.H. Nielsen, Nguyen A. Duc & H.P. Nytoft (2005)- Source rock properties of lacustrine mudstones and coals (Oligocene Dong Ho Formation), onshore Song Hong Basin (northern Vietnam). J. Petrol. Geol. 28, p 19-38. (Oligocene lacustrine mudstones and coals outcropping at N margin of mainly offshore Song Hong Basin include oil-prone potential source rocks. Organic material in mudstones mainly amorphous (Type I), up to


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19.6.% TOC and Hydrogen Index values 436-572 mg HC/g TOC. Only 0.5 wt.% TOC required to saturate source rock to expulsion threshold. Coals and coaly mudstones dominated by huminite (Type III kerogen) and contain a terrestrial-derived liptodetrinite. Coals generate at or before a maturity of vitrinite 0.97%Ro) Philp, R.P. & T.D. Gilbert (1986)- Biomarker distributions in Australian oils predominantly derived from terrigenous source material. Organic Geochem. 10, p. 73-84. Pillon, P., L. Jocteur-Monrozier, C. Gonzalez & A. Saliot (1986)- Organic geochemistry of Recent equatorial deltaic sediments. Organic Geochem. 10, p. 711-716. (Study of organic matter of recent deltaic sediments cored in the Mahakam delta, E Kalimantan) Robertson/ Horizon (1998)- Timor Sea: Mesozoic source rock distribution and palaeoenvironments. Multiclient study, 65 p. (Unpublished) Robertson Utama (2000)- Eastern Indonesia and northern Papuan New Guinea- a review of Tertiary oil occurrences. Mult-client study, p. 1-9 + figs., tables (Unpublished geochem study of Tertiary-sourced oils and oil stains from Salawati Basin, Bintuni Basin, E Sulawesi Basin and oil seeps from PNG N New Guinea Basin. Presence of angiosperm-derived biomarkers (oleanane) used to distinguish Tertiary-sourced oils, but oil stains lacking oleanane fromS Salawati Basin included, due to similarity to main group of Salawati oils. All oils similar and derived from mixture of marinederived organic matter and terrigenous debris, deposited in marine facies, and deeper marine time-equivalents of carbonate reservoir horizons or slightly younger, more open marine horizons) Robertson Research (Singapore) Pte Ltd. (1983)- Petroleum geochemistry of Indonesian basins. Unpublished multi-client study, 5 vols. Robinson, K.M. (1987)- An overview of source rocks and oils in Indonesia. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 97-122. (Indonesia source rocks lacustrine, fluvio-deltaic and marine. Lacustrine source most productive (most oil in C Sumatra, some Sunda Basin, possibly oil in W Natuna). Fluvial-deltaic source rocks sourced oil in majority of foreland/back-arc basins of W Indonesia. Marine source rocks in E Indonesia (Salawati, E Sulawesi). PreTertiary (Permian/Jurassic) oil source in Bintuni and Bula (Seram) and possible source in E Sulawesi and Banggai-Sula. Lacustrine oils low-medium gravity, waxy, low sulfur and often high C30 4-methyl steranes. Marine oils low-medium gravity, low wax, medium-high sulfur oils and high C27-C29 diasteranes and steranes. Fluvio-deltaic oils from higher plants medium-high gravity, waxy, low sulfur and abundant C30 alkanes) Rodriguez, N.D. & R.P. Philp (2012)- Productivity and paleoclimatic controls on source rock character in the Aman Trough, north central Sumatra, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 45, p. 18-28. (C Sumatra Basin oil sourced from Brown Shale Fm of Pematang Gp.. Oils in Aman Trough, variable molecular and isotopic compositions, reflecting lateral facies variations in source rock) Saller, A., R. Lin & J. Dunham (2006)- Leaves in turbidite sands; the main source of oil and gas in the deepwater Kutei Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Bull. 90, 10, p. 1585-1608. (Gas-oil- condensate in Upper Miocene in deep-water Kutei Basin, off E Kalimantan, derivated from land-plant source material. Best source rocks are deep-water sandstones with coaly fragments, pieces of wood, resinite, and other coaly debris. Laminar coaly fragments are dominant, and were leaf fragments, carried into deep water by turbidity currents during lowstands of sea level. Kutei Basin deep-water shales contain mainly siltsize vitrinite grains with poor generative qualities. Liquids from leaves high wax contents) Sapawi, A., M.L. Anwar & E. Seah P.K. (1991)- Geochemistry of selected crude oils from Sabah and Sarawak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 28, p. 123-139. (Oils from 15 offshore Sabah and Sarawak fields three different types (waxy, normal non-waxy and biodegraded). Biomarkers show sourced from landplant-derived oranic matter. High pristine/phytane ratio over 3.0 suggests source rocks probably from peat swamp environments)


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Satyana, A.H. (2005)- Possible an-organic petroleum formation in collision zones of eastern Indonesia: abiogeneic genesis of petroleum by "Fischer-Tropsch" synthesis. Proc. Joint 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 30th Indon. Assoc. Geoph. (HAGI), Surabaya, Poster JCS2005-G059, p. 886-898. (Possibility of abiogenic petroleum formation from CO2 and H2 by FT synthesis is reviewed for collision zones of E Sulawesi-Banggai, Buton-Tukang Besi, Timor-Seram-Buru, Halmahera, and Papua. Stratigraphy and tectonics of these collision zones fulfill requirements for an-organic petroleum formation by FT synthesis. Gas discovered recently in E Sulawesi- Banggai collision may represent such hydrocarbon) Satyana, A.H., L.P. Marpaung, M.E.M. Purwaningsih & M.K. Utama (2007)- Regional gas geochemistry of Indonesia: genetic characterization and habitat of natural gases. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, IPA07-G-050, 31 p. (Regional geochemistry study of natural gases in Indonesian basins using 350 gas occurrences) Schiefelbein, C.F., J.E. Zumberge & S.W. Brown (1997)- Petroleum systems in the Far East. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 101-113. (~350 crude oils analyses used to identify different petroleum systems in Far East. Oils separated into three groups: terrigenous, lacustrine, and marine. More specific geochemical criteria allowed establishment of subgroups of oils according to specific source environment) Schiefelbein, C. & N. Cameron (1997)- Sumatra/Java oil families. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 143-146. (122 oils analyzed. Majority of oils either ‘lacustrine’ or ‘terrigenous’ Tertiary source. Two oils from N Sumatra marine signature. Several oils from C and S Sumatra mixed characteristics) Sladen, C. (1997)- Exploring the lake basins of East and Southeast Asia. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 49-76. Sosrowidjojo, I.B., R. Alexander & R.I. Kagi (1994)- The biomarker composition of some crude oils from Sumatra. Organic Geochem. 21, p. 303-312. Sosrowidjojo, I.B., A.P. Murray, R. Alexander, R.I. Kagi & R.E. Summons (1996)- Bicadinanes and related compounds as maturity indicators for oils and sediments. Organic Geochem. 24, p. 43-55. (Maturity of oils and sediments derived from catagenetic products of plant material. Polycadinene indices tested for Tertiary oils from S Sumatra. PNG, New Zealand and Australia. Bicadinane maturity indicator continues to change into oil window and may be useful in ranking relative maturity of oils) Sosrowidjojo, I.B., B. Setiardja, Zakaria, P.G. Kralert, R. Alexander & R.I. Kagi (1994)- A new geochemical method for assessing the maturity of petroleum: application to the South Sumatra Basin. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 439-455. (Assessing maturity of petroleum and source rocks using vitrinite reflectance and conventional biomarker data can be problematic when source rocks subjected to rapid heating and contain abundant land plant remains or when crude oil has been biodegraded. New maturity indicator based upon reactions of cadalene proposed) Stout, S.A. (1995)- Resin-derived hydrocarbons in fresh and fossil dammar resins and Miocene rocks and oils in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. In: K.B. Anderson & J.C. Crelling (eds.) Amber, resinite, and fossil resins, American Chem. Soc. Symposium Series 617, p. 43-75. Subono, S. (1996)- Hydrocarbon generationand multiprocess thermal model in oil basins of Indonesia. In: S.Y. Kim et al. (eds.) Proc. 32nd Ann. Sess.Coord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc. Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Tsukuba 1995, p. 53-68.


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Subroto, E.A. (1990)- 30-NOR-17 [alpha] (H)- hopanes and their applications in petroleum geochemistry. Ph.D. Thesis Curtin University, Perth, 186p. (online at http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au) (22 oils and sediments analysed for biological marker compounds. Compounds typical of carbonate-rich source rocks identified. Sediments and oils from N Sumatra Basin contain very different biomarkers) Subroto, E.A. (1990)- 30-Norhopane, biomarker baru penunjuk lingkungan karbonat: suatu studi geokimia petroleum terhadap sample batuan dan minyak mentah. Proc. 19th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 230-241. Subroto E.A., B.Y. Afriatno & P. Sumintadireja (2007)- Prediction of the biogenic gas occurrences in Indonesia based on studies in East Java and Tomori (Central Sulawesi). Jurn. Tekn. Min. 14, 2, p. 115-124. (online at: http://www.fttm.itb.ac.id/galeri/prediction.pdf) (Some Indonesian gas fields with biogenic gas, characterized by dryness (> 99% methane) and light carbonisotopes (-61 to -67‰). One field producing biogenic gas in E Java Basin, probably derived from PlioPleistocene. Similar situation in Tomori, Sulawesi. Plio-Pleistocene sediments in Indonesia generally high sedimentation rates, low thermal gradients and high organic content, thus potential source for biogenic gas) Subroto, E.A., R. Alexander & R.I. Kagi (1991)- 30-Norhopanes: their occurrence in sediments and crude oils. Chemical Geol. 93, 179-192. (Ratios of hopanes types geochemical biomarker in oils and sediments reflect sample maturity, with higher norhopanes in more mature samples) Subroto, E.A., R. Alexander, U. Pranjoto & R.I. Kagi (1992)- The use of 30-Norhopane series, a novel carbonate biomarker, in source rock to crude oil correlation in the North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. Proc. 21st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 145-163. (30-norhopanes as carbonate biomarker proposed recently. Three types of source rocks in N Sumatra Basin: shale, carbonaceous shale and calcareous shale. n-Alkanes and steranes can only be used to distinguish two source types since shale and calcareous shale show similar characteristics. Recognition of three source types can only be observed using the hopane distribution. One crude oil can be correlated to calcareous shale and two crude oils are correlative to shale source rock. Crude oil of coaly shale type is not found during this study) Subroto, E., A. Bachtiar & B. Istadi (2006)- Source rock characterisation in the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, based on biomarkers. Proc. Jakarta 2006 Int. Geosc. Conf. Exhib., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta06PG-28, 4 p. (Analyses 73 crude oils and 86 rock samples from Kutai Basin. Based on biomarkers five source types: deltaic coaly shales, marine shales, mixed deltaic and marine shales, marine calcareous shales, and immature deltaic coaly sediments. 62 oils correlate to deltaic coaly shales, remaining 11 correlate to marine shales. No mixed sources detected in crude oils. Vitrinite reflectance data for some sediments appear to be suppressed) Subroto, E.A., A. Bachtiar, B. Priadi, R.P. Koesoemadinata & D. Noeradi (1998)- Could oleanoids, substances found abundantly in coaly sediments, be used as geochemical maturity indicator. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 129-139. Subroto, E.A., D. Noeradi & B.Y. Afriatno (2009)- Geochemical identification of favorable basins for biogenic gas exploration in Indonesia. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-185, p. 405-415. (Biogenic gas formed at T <75°C, is dry (> 95% methane) and isotopically light (< -55‰). May contribute >20% of global gas resources. Biogenic gas large component of gas produced from E Java. Other favorable sites for biogenic gas are basins with young sediments (Plio-Pleistocene), high sedimentation rates (>50 m/My) and low Temp (0-75°C)) Sudarmono, T. Suherman & B. Eza (1997)- Paleogene basin development in Sundaland and its role to the petroleum systems in Western Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 545-560.


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(ARCO paper with Eo- Oligocene paleogeography maps based on Daly (1987) reconstructions. Syn-rift continental deposits followed by late rift marine incursion and fully marine facies during post-rift. Paleogene basins commonly complete petroleum systems with source, reservoirs and seals. Maturity only after Neogene deposition. Lacustrine source rocks during rifting; marine carbonaceous shales and coals during late rift to post-rift. Productive reservoirs mostly upper syn-rift or post-rift. E Java- E Kalimantan- W Sulawesi rifts older (Late Paleocene- E Eocene) than Sumatra- W Java- W Kalimantan systems (Late Eocene- E Oligocene) Sujanto, F.X. (1997)- Substantial contribution of petroleum systems to increase exploration success in Indonesia. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, p. 1-14. (Overview of Indonesia basins and petroleum systems) Summons R.E.. M. Bradshaw, J. Crowley, D.S.. Edwards, S. George & J.E. Zumberge (1998)- Vagrant oils; geochemical signposts to unrecognised petroleum systems. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2., Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Austrialia Symp. 2; p. 169-184. (Study of biodegraded oils and stains from wells in Arafura, Bonaparte and Carnarvon basins. Biodegraded Arafura 1 oil shares many characteristics with E Paleozoic oils of Canning Basin) Suwarna, N., H. Panggabean, M.H. Hermiyanto & A.K. Permana (2007)- Characterization of unconventional fossil fuels of selected areas, in Sumatera and Kalimantan, using organic petrography and geochemistry. Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA07-G-079, 15p. (Oil shale and coalbed methane studies in Sumatra and Borneo) Sykes, R. & I. Cibaj (2010)- Peat biomass and early diagenetic controls on oil generation from Mahakam Delta Coals, Kutei Basin: preliminary study of coals from the Jalan Baru section near Samarinda. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-105, 17p. (Geochem study of 11 outcrop coal samples from M Miocene Balikpapan Group near Samarinda. Analysed coals have potential to expel oils ranging from borderline gas condensate to high-wax, paraffinic- naphthenicaromatic oil. Non-volatile, paraffinic oil potential of Mahakam Delta coals controlled primarily by abundance of leaf- and cork-derived macerals. These macerals expected to be more abundant in thin, planar mire coals and coaly mudstones than in thicker, raised mire coals owing to better preservation potential of surface leaf biomass under higher groundwater levels in planar mires) Teerman, S.C., R.J. Hwang, Y.C. Tang, B. Mertani, M. Stauffer & T.T. Ta (1994)- Geochemical evaluation of the liquid hydrocarbon potential of "marginal source rocks"- application to Indonesian Basins. Proc. 23rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. p. 457-478. Ten Haven, H.L. & C. Schiefelbein (1995)- The petroleum systems of Indonesia. Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, p. 443-459. (>200 oil analyses. W Indonesia 2 main petroleum systems: Tertiary lacustrine and Tertiary terrigenous, with additional marine petroleum system in N Sumatra and E Natuna. E Indonesia 3 main systems: Tertiary marine carbonate, Mesozoic marine carbonate and Mesozoic marine siliciclastic) Thompson, M., C. Remington, J. Purnomo & D. MacGregor (1991)- Detection of liquid hydrocarbon seepage in Indonesian offshore frontier basins using Airborne Laser Fluorosensor (ALF); the results of a Pertamina/ BP joint study. Proc. 20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 663- 689. (ALF surveys over Sumatra Forearc, Java Forearc, Billiton Basin, Salayar, Spermonde, S and N Makassar, Bone, Gorontalo and Halmahera Basins. Hydrocarbons seeping from all basins except Java forearcs, though further analysis is required. Areas of greatest interest are Billiton, S Bone and S Makassar basins) Thompson, S., B.S. Cooper & P.C. Barnard (1994)- Some examples and possible explanations for oil generation from coals and coaly sequences. In: Coal and coal-bearing strata as oil-prone source rocks? Geol. Soc. London; Spec. Publ. 77, p. 119-137.


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(Coals and associated shales important oil source rocks in some deltaic environments. Formation of hydrogenrich kerogen either by concentration of plant cuticles and spores after reworking of delta top freshwater peats, or by accumulation of delta margin peats under saline conditions. Examples include Oligo-Miocene Talang Akar Fm of S Sumatra-NW Java (perhydrous vitrinite source of isotopically light waxy oils with biomarkers from tree resins). Waxy oils also produced in Sunda Basin (derived from algal kerogen in older, lacustrine Banuwati Fm shales (low contents of land plant biomarkers and heavier carbon isotopic signature) Thompson, S., R.J. Morley, P.C. Barnard & B.S. Cooper (1985)- Facies recognition of some Tertiary coals applied to prediction of oil source rock occurrence. Marine Petrol. Geol. 2, 4, p. 288-297. (Coals are oil source rocks in many Tertiary basins of SE Asia. Precursors of these hydrogen-rich and oxygenpoor coals are coastal plain peats in everwet tropical climate. Distribution, petrography and chemistry of coaly Miocene source rocks present in Kutai Basin described) Todd, S.P., M.E. Dunn & A.J.G. Barwise (1997)- Characterizing petroleum charge systems in the Tertiary of SE Asia. In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 25-47. (Most SE Asian Tertiary petroleum from paralic (higher land plant) source, although larger proportion of oil from lacustrine algal sources. Lacustrine sources mainly in Paleogene syn-rift lakes. Paralic coals and coaly mudrocks in Miocene post-rift. Oil-prone source rocks preferentially paralic between lower coastal plain and lower estuary/delta front facies, perhaps involving mangrove system. Younger plays more gas prone. Significance of biogenic gas poorly understood. Vertical migration common; lateral migration restricted to ~20 km or less from kitchen) Tran Cong Tao (1994)- Maturation of organic matter in Tertiary sediments of the Mekong Basin, offshore South Vietnam. In: J.L. Rau (ed.) Proc. 29th Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Hanoi 1992, Bangkok, 2, p. 169-181. Van Aarssen, B.G.K., H.C. Cox, P. Hoogendoorn & J.W. De Leeuw (1990)- A cadinene biopolymer present in fossil and extant dammar resins as a source for cadinanes and bicadinanes in crude oils from Southeast Asia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, p. 3021-3031. Wahab, A. & Harun Nasir (1987)- Petroleum geochemistry of Western Indonesia Basins. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. Waples, D.W. & K.J. Wulff (1996)- Genetic classification and exploration significance of oils and seeps of the Papuan Basin. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration and production in Papua New Guinea. Proc. 3rd PNG Petrol. Conv., Port Moresby, p. 417-430. (137 samples classified into 5 families from different Mesozoic- Tertiary sources) Williams, H.A., M. Fowler & R.T. Eubank (1992)- Geochemical characteristics of Paleogene and Cretaceous hydrocarbon source basins in Southeast Asia. In: Proc. 9th SEAPEX Offshore Southeast Asia Conf., Singapore 1992, p. 35-66. (Lacustrine rift systems sourced large portion of SE Asia hydrocarbons. Description of rift systems Bandar Jaya- S Sumatra, Kampar Kanan- C Sumatra, Petchabun-Thailand (all Paleogene- humid) and DongtingChina (Cretaceous-Paleogene; arid)) Williams, H.H., M. Fowler & R.T. Eubank (1995)- Characteristics of selected Palaeogene and Cretaceous lacustrine source basins of Southeast Asia. In: J.J. Lambiase (ed.) Hydrocarbon habitat in rift basins. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 80, p. 241-282. (Rift architecture, sequences and sedimentry geochemistry of four Palaeogene and one Cretaceous/ Palaeogene graben systems: Bandar Jaya Basin (S Sumatra), Kampar Kanan Basin (C Sumatra), Ombilin Basin (W Sumatra), Phetchabun Basin (N Thailand) and Dongting Basin (China). Geochemical characteristics of source rocks described in context of depositional systems)


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Williams, H., E.N. Reyes & R.T. Eubank (1992)- Geochemistry of Palawan oils, Philippines: source implications. Proc. 9th SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore, p. 115-129. (Palawan non-waxy oils traditionally interpreted as marine sourced. Oils from recent Calauit fields characteristics of non-marine algal source) Williams, S.L. & H.H. Williams (1994)- Carbon isotopes in Southeast Asian lacustrine sourced oils and source rocks. In: 10th Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1994, p. 167-183. (Review of carbon isotopes of 174 lacustrine sourced oils and 109 lacustrine source rocks suggest carbon isotopes can not be used to differentiate between marine and lacustrine environments)


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XI.3. Coal (Additional references on coal that are specific to one region are listed under that region) Anderson, J.A.R. (1961)- The ecology and forest types of the peat swamp forests of Sarawak and Brunei in their relation to silviculture. Ph.D. Thesis Edinburgh University, p. Anderson, J.A.R. (1964)- The structure and development of peat swamps of Sarawak and Brunei. J. Tropical Geogr. 18, p. 7-16. Anderson, J.A.R. (1983)- The tropical peat swamps of western Malesia, In: A.J.P. Gore (ed.) Mires, swamp, bog, fen and moor, B. Regional studies, Elsevier, p. 181-199. Anderson, J.A.R. & J. Muller (1975)- Palynological study of a Holocene peat and a Miocene coal deposit from NW Borneo. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 19, p. 291-351. Andriesse, J.P. (1974)- Tropical lowland peats in Southeast Asia. Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, Amsterdam, 63, 411 p. Atkinson, C.M. (1989)- Coal and oil shale in Tertiary intermontane basins of Indonesia and eastern Australia. In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang Mai 1989, p. 77-88. Bainton, C.S. (1975)- Coal formations in Indonesia. In: Wiryosujono & A. Sudrajat (eds.) Regional Conf. Geology and Mineral Resources of Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1975, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 55-63. Belkin, H.E. & S.J. Tewalt (2007)- Geochemistry of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia. USGS Open-File Report 2007-1202, 34 p. Belkin, H.E., S.J. Tewalt, J.C. Hower, J.D. Stucker & J.M.K. O'Keefe (2008)- Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia. Int. J. Coal. Geol. 77, 4, p. 260-268. (Most of Indonesian coal Paleogene and Neogene age, low- moderate rank and low ash and sulfur. Tectonic and igneous activity resulted in significant rank increase in some basins. Eight coal samples described from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua) Boudou, J. (1983)- Chloroform extracts of a series of coals from the Mahakam Delta. Organic Geochem. 6, p. 431-437. (Study of changes in organic matter during early thermal maturation in Mahakam delta Tertiary coals) Boudou, J.P., B. Durand & J.L. Oudin (1984)- Diagenetic trends of a Tertiary low-rank coal series. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 10, p. 2005-2010. (Mahakam delta coals all stages between peat, lignites and bituminous coals. Mechanisms of early maturation are loss of oxygenated compounds, aromatisation and condensation of organic matter, similar to other coals) Boudou, J., R. Pelet & R. Letolle (1984)- A model of diagenetic evolution of coaly sedimentary organic matter. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 6, p. 1357-1362. (Diagenetic evolution of coal from Mahakam delta. Carbon loss during diagenesis mainly as CO2, hydrogen loss mainly as H2O. Hydrocarbon production negligible, in accordance with absence of bacterial methane accumulations in Mahakam Delta. δ13C of coals becomes ~2 per mil more positive with diagenesis) Brackman, W., K. Spaargaren, J.P.C.M. van Dongen, P.A. Couperus & F. Bakker (1984)- Origin and structure of the fossil resin from an Indonesian Miocene coal. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 12, p. 2483-2487. (Fossil resin from Miocene coal of Bukit Asam region, S Sumatra, formed from sesqui- and tri-terpenes from trees of the Dipterocarp family) Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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Brady, M.A. (1997)- Organic matter dynamics of coastal peat deposits in Sumatra. Ph.D. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. Bruenig, E.F. (1990)- Oligotrophic forested wetlands in Borneo. In: A.E. Lugo et al. (eds.) Ecosystems of the World 15, Elsevier, p. 299-334. Calvert, G.D., J.R. Durig. & J.S. Esterle (1991)- Controls on the chemical variability of peat types in a domed peat deposit, Baram River Area, Sarawak, Malaysia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 17, p.171 188. Cameron, C.C. J.S. Esterle & C.A. Palmer (1989)- The geology, botany and chemistry of selected peat-forming environments from temperate and tropical latitudes. Int. J. Coal Geol. 12, p.105-156. (Peat studied in several geologic settings, including coast of Sarawak and delta of Batang Hari River, Sumatra. Most deposits are domed bogs in which peat accumulation continued above surface of surrounding soil. Typical sequence of environments from pond stage, through grassy marsh, through forested swamp to heath dome stage, with associated changes in acidity and ash, volatile matter, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen contents, as well as trace elements. Ombrotrophic peat deposits of tropical Sarawak and Sumatra thick and extensive, low-ash and low-sulfur, and high heating values) Cecil, C.B., F.T. Dulong, J.C. Cobb & Supardi (1993)- Allogenic and autogenic controls on sedimentation in the Central Sumatra Basin as an analogue for Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata in the Appalachian Basin. In: J.C. Cobb & C.B. Cecil (eds.) Modern and ancient coal-forming environments, Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap. 286, p. 3-22. Cole, J.M. (1987)- Some fresh/brackish water depositional environments in the SE Asian Tertiary with emphasis on coal-bearing and lacustrine deposits and their source rock potential. Proc. 16th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petroleum Assoc. 1, p. 429-449. Cook, A.C. & B. Daulay (2000)- Comparative analysis of Indonesian coal fields In: FOSI 1ST Regional Seminar Tectonics and Sedimentation of Southeast Asia, Bandung 1999 (Abstract only?) Cook, A.C. & B. Daulay (2000)- The Indonesian coal industry. The Australian Coal. Rev., April 2000, p. 4-15. (online at: http://www.australiancoal.csiro.au/pdfs/cook_daulay.pdf) Daulay B. (1985)- Petrology of some Indonesian and Australian Tertiary coals. M.Sc. Thesis University of Wollongong, 265p. Daulay B. (2005)- Petrography of raw coal and its UBC product. Indonesian Mining Journal 8, 03, p. Daulay B. (2010)- Evaluation of Kalimantan coal quality in order to select the appropriate and effective utilizaton tecnologies. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, MGEI-IAGI Seminar, Balikpapan 2010, p. 49-59. (Most Kalimantan coal is low rank with high moisture content. Most coal currently exploited medium-high rank) Daulay, B. & A.C. Cook (1988)- The petrology of some Indonesian coals. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 2, p. 45-64. (Indonesian coals rich in vitrinite and variable contents of liptinite. Inertinite rare to sparse, with exception of a few (typically Neogene) coals. No major differences between Paleogene and Neogene coals. Most coals low in rank. Coals, and associated dispersed organic matter, important source rocks for some oil accumulations) Daulay, B., N.S. Ningrum & A.C. Cook (2000)- Coalification of Indonesian coal. In: Proc. Southeast Coal Geology Conference, Directorate General of Geology and Mineral Res. Indonesia, Bandung, p. 85-92.


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De Groot, C. (1865)- Eene bijdrage tot de kennis van de Nederlandsch Indische steenkolen. Kramers, Rotterdam, 55 p. ('A contribution to the knowledge of the Netherlands Indies coals'. Mainly on composition and quality of coal from the 'Oranje Nassau' governmen-operated coal mine, Barito, SE Kalimantan, which produced coal since 1848. Five Eocene coal horizons in mine, three of which deemed suitable for use on navy steam shipsAsh content 2.7-6.3%) De Loos, D. (1899)- Gesteenten en mineralen van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, 3: Steenkolen. Koloniaal Museum Haarlem, Erven Loosjes, p. 1-42. ('Rocks and minerals from Netherlands East Indies- 3: Coal. Early, popular review of occurrences and quality of coal in Indonesia, mainly on Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan) Dehmer, J. (1993)- Petrology and organic geochemistry of peat samples from a raised bog in Kalimantan (Borneo). Organic Geochem. 20, 3, p. 349-362. Dommain, R., J. Couwenberg & H. Joosten (2011)- Development and carbon sequestration of tropical peat domes in south-east Asia: links to post-glacial sea-level changes and Holocene climate variability. Quat. Sci. Rev. 30, p. 999-1010. (Three peat dome regions distinguished: inland C Kalimantan, Kutai basin and coastal areas across entire region. With the onset of Holocene first peat domes developed in C Kalimantan as response to rapid postglacial sea-level rise over Sunda Shelf and intensification of Asian monsoon. Peat accumulation rates in C Kalimantan declined after 8500 BP with lower rate of sea-level rise. Kutai basin peat domes younger than ∼8300 BP, driven by accretion rates of Mahakam River. Most coastal peat domes initiated between 7000-4000 BP as consequence of Holocene maximum in regional rainfall and stabilisation and regression of sea-level) Dunlop, N. F. & R. B. Johns (1999)- Thermally induced chemical changes in the macromolecular structure of an Indonesian coal. Organic Geochem. 30, p. 1301-1309. Esterle, J.S. (1990)- Trends in petrographic and chemical characteristics of tropical domed peats in Indonesia and Malaysia as analogues of coal formation. Ph.D. Thesis University of Kentucky, Lexington, 270p. Esterle, J.S., G. Calvert, D. Durig et al. (1992)- Characterization and classification of tropical woody peats from Baram River, Sarawak and Jambi, Sumatra. In: B.Y. Aminuddin (ed.) Proc. Int. Symp. on Tropical Peatland, Kuching, MARDI, Kuala Lumpur, p. 33-48. Esterle, J.S. & J.L. Ferm (1994)- Spatial variability in modern tropical peat deposits from Sarawak, Malaysia, and Sumatra, Indonesia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 26, p. 1-41. (Study of two Recent (<5,000 yrs) domed peat deposits examined as modern analogues for coal. Both in microtidal alluvial-deltaic plain settings, similar vegetation. One deposit convex, mature dome, rising 10 m above river level; the other is low-gradient dome, rising only 3 m above river level but with concave base up to 6 m below. Both deposits eroded by adjacent rivers) Everwijn, R. (1873)- Onderzoek van Sumatra kolen en vergelijking van deze met andere koolsoorten. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 1873, 1, p. 203-219. ('Investigation of Sumatra coals and comparison with other coal types') Fatimah (2008)- Potensi Batubara bawah permukaan di Indonesia. Proc. 37th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Bandung, 1, p. 501-512. (Assessment of potential volumes of deep-seated coal in Sumatra and Kalimantan) Flores, R.M. & Hadiyanto (2006)- Patterns of Sumatran domed peatlands; from alluvial to coastal settings. Geol. Soc. America, 2006 Ann. Mtg., Abstracts with Programs 38, 7, p. 233. (Abstract only) (Sumatran rain-fed and domed (ombrogenous) mires used as models for thick coal deposits worldwide. Kumpeh and Dendang peatlands between anastomosing Batang Hari and Kumpeh Rivers domed topography despite


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meander channels and tributaries forming reentrants into peatlands and flood-plain levee sediments. Resulting peat deposits small area (240-540 km2), discontinuous, lenticular, <9 m thick. Endapan domed to flat peatland from edge of Batang Hari and Kumpeh Rivers to coast, is blanket-like (4,000 km2) peat deposit, >11 m thick. Raised peatlands along rivers reflect buildup of flood sediments that sustained robust vegetation, which in turn, accumulated raised peat (<9 m) that reduced extent of flooding. Flat coastal peatlands (Endapan) reflect peat accumulation (>11 m) from stunted vegetation removed from flood-sustaining nutrients) Friederich, M., J. Esterle, T. Moore & C. Nas (2009)- Variations in the sedimentological characteristics of Tertiary coals in SE Asia; and climatic influences on Tertiary coals and modern peats. In: Variations in fluvialdeltaic and coastal reservoirs deposited in tropical environments, AAPG Hedberg Conf., Jakarta 2009, 6p. (extended abstract) (online at www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/pdf/2010/hedberg_indonesia/abstracts /ndx_friederich.pdf) (Modern domed peat swamps in Sumatra and Sarawak may be used as analogues of Tertiary coals of Kalimantan) Friedrich, M.C., R.P. Langford & T.A. Moore (1999)- The geological setting of Indonesian coal deposits. In: G. Weber (ed.) Proc. PACRIM '99 Congress, Bali 1999, Australasian Inst. Min. Metall. Publ. 4/99, p. 625-631. (Indonesia economic coal deposits mainly of Eocene and Miocene-Pliocene age and mainly in Kalimantan and Sumatra. Formed from peat deposits in equatorial paleoclimate. Some peats domed peats, which grew above normal water tables in climate of year-round rainfall, are low in ash and sulphur and locally thick (Miocene coals). Eocene coals typically thinner, with higher contents of ash and sulphur. Eocene coals formed mainly in extensional tectonic settings. Miocene-Pliocene coals in range of tectonic settings) Friedrich, M.C., G. Liu, R.P. Langford, C. Nas & B. Ratanashtien (2000)- Coal in Tertiary rift systems in Southeast Asia. In: Proc. Southeast Asia Coal Geology Conference, Bandung 2000, p. 33-43. Friederich, M.C., T.A. Moore, M.S.W. Lin & R.P. Langford (1995)- Constraints on coal formation in Southeast Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proc. 6th New Zealand Coal Conf., 1, p. 137-149. Furukawa H (1988)- Stratigraphic and geomorphic studies of peat and giant podzols in Brunei: 1. Peat. Pedologist 32, 1, p. 26-42. Gastaldo, R.A. (2010)- Peat or no peat: Why do the Rajang and Mahakam Deltas differ? Int. J. Coal Geol. 83, p. 162-172. (Borneo Holocene peats are models for Tertiary coals. Sarawak Rajang River delta- coastal plain with extensive peat up >13 m thick in ombrogenous peat domes, deposited over Pleistocene podzols when sea level stabilized at 7.5 ka and delta progradation started. Mahakam River delta also began progradation at this time, but no peat accumulation. Rajang River clays up to 60% mixed layer and expandable clays that restrict pore water flow in tidal and overbank deposits, promoting accumulation of organic matter. Mahakam River low % mixed-layer and expandable clays in system) Gastaldo, R.A. & J.R. Staub (1999)- A mechanism to explain the preservation of leaf litter lenses in coals derived from raised mires. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 149, p. 1-14. (Leaves are easily degradable and rarely preserved in coals. May be preserved in acid-water filled depressions) Gastaldo, R.A., G.P. Allen & A.Y. Huc (1993)- Detrital peat formation in the tropical Mahakam River delta, Kalimantan, eastern Borneo: sedimentation, plant composition, and geochemistry. In: J.A. Cobb & C.B. Cecil (eds.) Modern and ancient coal-forming environments, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 286, p. 107-118. Godfrey, P., Tan Ee & T. Hewitt (2010)- Coal Bed Methane development in Indonesia: golden opportunity or impossible dream ? Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-BC-180, 19p. (Mainly on commerciality and regulatory environment of Indonesian CBM projects) Grady, W.C., C.F. Eble & S.G. Neuzil (1993)- Brown coal maceral distributions in a modern domed tropical Indonesian peat and a comparison with maceral distribution in Middle Pennsylvanian-age Appalachian


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bituminous coal beds. In: J.C. Cobb & C.B. Cecil (eds.) Modern and ancient coal-forming environments, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 286, p. 63-82. Hadianto (2000)- Coal bed methane resources of Indonesia. Proc. 36th Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Progr. E and SE Asia (CCOP), Hanoi 1999, p. 51-65. (Statistics of coal and coalbed methane resources in Indonesia. CBM resource of Indonesia estimated 2.89 Tm3, with greatest resource in S Sumatra, followed by Ketungau and Kutai basins on Kalimantan) Hadianto & S.H. Stevens (2005)- Coal bed methane prospects in lower rank coals of Indonesia. In: S. Prihatmoko et al. (eds.) Indonesian mineral and coal discoveries, IAGI Spec. Issue, p. 152-162. (Brief overview of Indonesian basins with coalbed methane potential) Hadiyanto,S.S. & R. Susilawati (1998)- Geological overview, coal resources and Coalbed Methane Potential of Indonesia. Proc. 27th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 213. Haris, A., A. Mujiantoro & R.E Kurniawan (2010)- Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane potential of Bentian Besar, Kutei Basin. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-139, 10 p. Heim, A. & R. Potonie (1932)- Beobachtungen uber die Entstehung der Tertiaren Kohlen (Humolithe und Saprohumilithe) in Zentral Sumatra. Geol. Rundschau 23, p. 145-172. (‘Observations on the origin of Tertiary coals (humoliths and saprohumoliths) in Central Sumatra’) Hooze, J.A. (1892)- Overzicht der voornaamste kolenterreinen van den Nederlandsch Indischen Archipel. Tijdschrift Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 9, p. 129-160. (‘Overview of the principal coal terrains of the Netherlands East Indies Archipelago’. Coal in Netherlands Indies only in Tertiary formations. Best quality coal in Eocene. Main exploitation on Sumatra and Kalimantan) Hope, G., U. Chokkalingam & S. Anwar (2005)- The stratigraphy and fire history of the Kutai Peatlands, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Quat. Res. 64, p. 407- 417. (Equatorial peatlands of Kutai lowland generally 4-10 m thick, but some sections >16 m thick. Deposition of peat started ~8000 yrs ago after flooding of basin by Mahakam River. Earliest vegetation is Pandanus swamp which grades upwards to dipterocarp-dominated swamp forest. Peatland expanded laterally and rivers maintained narrow levee-channels through swamp. Fires of 1982 and 1997 burnt up to 85% of vegetation) Horkel, A. (1990)- On the plate tectonic setting of the coal deposits of Indonesia and the Philippines. Mitt. Oesterr. Geol. Ges. 82 (1989), p. 119-133. (Geodynamic evolution of SE Asian archipelago controls development of Tertiary sedimentary basins which contain the coal deposits of Indonesia and the Philippines. Plate-tectonic setting and associated geothermal gradients and tectonic stress are more relevant for quality and rank of Tertiary coals than age. With brief discussions of coal in Sumatra and E Kalimantan) Hutton, A., B. Daulay, Herudiyanto, C. Nas, A. Pujobroto, H. Sutarwan (1994)- Liptinite in Indonesian Tertiary coals. Energy Fuels 8, 6, p 1469-1477. (Indonesian Tertiary coals similar compositions with vitrinite dominant maceral group. Most coals abundant secondary liptinite, especially exsudatinite but also fluorinite. Association of exsudatinite with oil suggests it is an indicator of early stage oil generation, and probably intermediate product in pathway vitrinite/ liptinite to oil. Where exsudatinite present in other rocks it should be termed bitumen) Jaenicke J. (2010)- 3D modelling and monitoring of Indonesian peatlands aiming at global climate change mitigation. Dissertation Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat, Munich, 89p. (online at: http://edoc.ub.unimuenchen.de/11761/2/Jaenicke_Julia.pdf) Jaenicke J., J.O. Rieley, C. Mott, P. Kimman & F. Siegert (2008)- Determination of the amount of carbon stored in Indonesian peatlands. Geoderma 147, p. 151-158.


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Katili, J.A. (1984)- Coal and peat in Indonesia: potentials and prospects. Indonesian Quart. 12, 1, p. 50-61. Kleinschmiede, J. (1937)- Coal in The East Indian Archipelago. IV. Borneo. Geological Survey Indonesia, Bandung, Open File rept. F37-04, 36p. Kleinschmiede, J. (1939)- Coal in The East Indian Archipelago. VI. New Guinea. Geological Survey Indonesia, Bandung, Open File rept. F39-01, 39p. Koesoemadinata, R.P. (1978)- Sedimentary framework of Tertiary coal basins of Indonesia. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Resources SE Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok, p. 621-639. Koesoemadinata, R.P. (2000)- Tectono-stratigraphic framework of Tertiary coal deposits of Indonesia. Proc. Southeast Coal Geology Conference, Dir. Gen. Geol. Mineral Res. Indonesia, Bandung, p. 8-16. Koesoemadinata R.P. (2001)- Outline of Tertiary coal basins of Indonesia. Berita Sedim. (Indon. Geol. Forum) 17, p. Koesoemadinata, R.P., Hardjono, I. Usna & H. Sumadirdja (1978)- Tertiary coal basins of Indonesia. CCOP Techn. Bull. 12, p. 43-86. (Overview of Indonesian Tertiary basin types and coal basins of Sumatra, Kalimantan, W Java and W Sulawesi. More detailed discussions of W Sumatra Ombilin Basin, S Sumatra Bukit Asam and E Kalimantan) Lalean, B. (2010)- Launching a first Coalbed Methane (CBM) project In Indonesia- a case study. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-BC-189, 7 p. (Account of Medco S Sumatra work on Sekayu and Rambutan CBM projects) Maltby, E., C.P. Immirzi & R.J. Safford (1996)- Tropical lowland peatlands of Southeast Asia. IUCN, Cisarua, Indonesia, 294p. Mazumder, S., I.B. Sosrowidjojo & A. Ficarra (2010)- The Late Miocene Coalbed Methane system in the South Sumatra Basin of Indonesia. In: SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf., Brisbane 2010, 29 p. (Review of S Sumatra coalbed methane (CBM) potential. Basin ranked as high, but well testing in earliest stages. Coal seams in Late Miocene Muara Enim Fm thickest and most numerous in SW half of basin (Lematang Depression, C Palembang sub-basin). Muara Enim Fm > 3500 ft of paralic clastics, with 10-15 thick coal seams. Coals sub-bituminous rank (VRr = 0.35-0.46%) and composed of huminite (34-95%), liptinite (4-23%) and inertinite (0.2- 44%). Moisture content 4- 21%) Moore, T.A. (2010)- Critical reservoir properties for low-rank Coalbed Methane Resources of Indonesia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-055, 5p. (Most of Indonesian’s coalbed methane resources from low-rank coals and of biogenic origin, requiring different assessment than more mature strata. Macroporosity- permeability in low rank coal largely function of cleat spacing, which may vary with coal composition. High moisture content reduces gas holding capacity.) Moore, T.A. & C.I. Butland (2005)- Coal seam gas in New Zealand as a model for Indonesia. In: S. Prihatmoko et al. (eds.) Indonesian mineral and coal discoveries, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), Spec. Issue, p. 192-200. (On similarities between Indonesian and New Zealand low rank coal seam gas reservoirs) Moore, T.A. & J.C. Ferm (1988)- A modification of procedures for petrographic analysis of Tertiary Indonesian coals. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 2, p. 175-183. (Study of SE Kalimantan Eocene coals required new procedures which relates megascopic appearance to petrographic character. Highest concentration and best preservation of plant parts in banded coal)


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Moore, T.A. & J.C. Ferm (1992)- Composition and grain size of an Eocene coal bed in southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 21, p. 1-30. (Eocene coal in SE Kalimantan composed of plant parts and tissues in matrix of fine-grained particulate and amorphous material. Plant parts consists of stems and roots, leaves and one unknown plant structure. Most components with cellular features cannot be identified and are designated as woody tissue. Amorphous matrix consists of unstructured humic gels and bitumen. Bright banded coal types contain greatest proportion of wellpreserved plant parts. Absence of large (> 2 mm) plant material in Eocene coal different from Kalimantan Miocene lignite and Holocene peat. Eocene coal formed from palms and ferns which are easily degraded, younger lignite and peat formed from woody angiosperms more resistant to decay) Moore, T.A. & R.E. Hilbert (1992) Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 72, p. 199-227. Moore, T.A., T.E. Mares & C.R. Moore (2010)- Assessing uncertainty of coalbed methane resources. Proc. Indon. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA09-G-056, 11p. Moore, T.A. & S.J. Zarrouk (2011)- The origin and significance of gas saturation in Coalbed Methane plays: implications for Indonesia. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-195, 10p. Morley, R.J. (1981)- Development and vegetation dynamics of a lowland ombrogenous peat swamp in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. J. Biogeogr. 8, p. 383-404. (Palynological study of 6 sediments cores from Holocene lowland peat swamp along Sebangau River near Palangkaraya, C Kalimantan. Peat formation started abruptly over freshwater topogenous swamp with common Graminae and Lycopodium. Local river patterns may have changed markedly during Holocene) Nas, C. (2003)- Sedimentary features in some Indonesian coal seams. Proc. 32nd Annual Conv. IAGI and 28th Ann. Conv. HAGI, Jakarta, 8p. (Brief review of coal seam geometries and coal sedimentology) Nas, C. (2005)- Coking coals in Indonesia: occurrences and properties. In: S. Prihatmoko et al. (eds.) Indonesian mineral and coal discoveries, Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) Spec. Publ., Jakarta, p. 163- 176. Nas, C. & Hidartan (2010)- The quality of Kalimantan coking coals, Indonesia. In: N.I. Basuki & S. Prihatmoko (eds.) Proc. MGEI-IAGI Seminar Kalimantan coal and mineral resources, Balikpapan 2010, p. 1-11. (Kalimantan coals wide variation in quality. Neogene coals generally low rank. Eocene coals locally high rank and of coking coal quality. Descriptions of coking coal deposits in N Barito (Buntok) and Upper Kutai (Muara Teweh) basins) Nas, C. & Hidartan (2010)- Quality of Kalimantan coking coals, Indonesia. In: Proc. 37th Symp. Geology of the Sydney Basin, Hunter Valley, NSW 2010, p. (Same paper as above?) Nas, C., B.G. Jones & E. Baafi (2000)- Statistical variation in coal data sets: are they of geological significance ? Proc. SE Asian coal geology conference, Bandung 2000, p. 175-182. Neuzil, S.G. (1997)- Onset and rate of peat and carbon accumulation in four domed ombrogenous peat deposits, Indonesia. In: J.O. Rieley & S.E. Page (eds.) Biodiversity and Sustainability of tropical peatlands, Samara Publishing Ltd, Cardigan, p. 73-80. Neuzil, S.G., Supardi, C.B. Cecil, J.S. Kane & K. Soedjono (1993)- Inorganic geochemistry of domed peat in Indonesia and its implications for the origin of mineral matter in coal. In: J.C. Cobb & C.B. Cecil (eds.) Modern and ancient coal-forming environments, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 286, p. 23-44.


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Orem, W.H., S.G. Neuzil, H.E. Lerch & C.B. Cecil (1996)- Experimental early-stage coalification of a peat sample and a peatified wood sample from Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 24, 2, p. 111-125. Page, S.E., J.O. Rieley, O.W. Shotyk & D. Weiss (1999)- Interdependence of peat and vegetation in a tropical peat swamp forest. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London, B354, p. 1885-1897. (online at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692688/pdf/11605630.pdf) (Study of peat swamp forest composition in upper Sungai Sebangau area, S of Palangkaraya, C Kalimantan. Peat thickness up to 10m. Radiometric age dating suggest young peat (~400-1760 yr BP) overlying older peat (~6-10.3 ka)) Page, S.E., J.O. Rieley & R. Wust (2006)- Lowland tropical peatlands of Southeast Asia. In: I.P. Martini, et al. (eds.) Peatlands: evolution and records of environmental and climate changes, Dev. Earth Surface Proc. 9, Chapter 7, Elsevier, p.145-172. (Review of SE Asia peatlands. Most AE Asia peatlands in low altitudes, and almost all domed/ ombrogenous. Geogenous peatlands confined to edges of coastal lagoons, banks and floodplains of rivers and margins of upland lakes. C Kalimantan peatland surface rel. flat: gradient 7.6m over 5500m. Ash in ombrogenous peats generally <1%. Most SE Asia peat deposits started to form around 4000- 5500 yr BP.; some Borneo peats older, up to 29,000 yr BP. ) Page, S., R. Wust & C. Banks (2010)- Past and present carbon accumulation and loss in Southeast Asian peatlands. PAGES news 18, 1, p. 25-27. (online at: www.pages-igbp.org/products/newsletters/2010-1/ ) (Peat accumulation rates in SE Asia studied peatlands average 1.3 mm/year, highside 4-6 mm/year) Page, S., R.A.J. Wust, J.O. Rieley, W. Shotyk & S.H. Limin (2004) A record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene carbon accumulation and climate change from an equatorial peat bog (Kalimantan, Indonesia): implications for past, present and future carbon dynamics. J. Quat. Sci. 19, p. 625-635. Pei, C.S. (1993)- Coal as an energy resource in Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 399-410. (98% of Malaysian coal in Tertiary of Sarawak and Sabah. Quality ranges from lignite to anthracite, mainly bituminous coal. Summaries of Merit Pila and Mukah-Balingin coal fields, Sarawak, and Meliau coal, Sabah) Phua, M.H., O. Conrad, K.U. Kamlun, M. Ficher & J. Bohner (2008)- Multitemporal fragmentation analysis of peat swamp forest in the Klias Peninsula, Sabah, Malaysia using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Hamburg. Beitr. zur Phys. Geograph. und Landschaft 19, p. 81-90. Polak, E. (1933)- Ueber Torf und Moor in Niederlandisch Indien. Verhand. Koninkl. Akad. Wetensch., sect. 2, 30, 3, p.1-85. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00011853.pdf) ('On peat and swamps in the Netherlands Indies'. Swamp areas subdivided into: (1) regionally extensive coastal peat swamps of Sumatra and Borneo and (2) 'topogenous' raised mires on the plains of Java, Sumatra and the mountains of Java, Sulawesi and Buru. mainly on plant and pollen distributions) Polak, B. (1941)-Veenonderzoek in Nederlandsch Indie. 1. Stand en expose der vraagstukken. Meded. Alg. Proefstation voor den landbouw 53, Buitenzorg, p. 1-30. ('Peat research in the Netherlands Indies: an outline of the problems') Polak, B. (1952)-Veen en veenontginning in Indonesia. Majalah Ilmu Alam Indon. (Indonesian J. Nat. Sci.) 5-6, p. 146-160. ('Peat and peat exploitation in Indonesia'. Brief general overview with map of distribution of peat deposits in Indonesia)


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Polak, B. (1975)- Character and occurrence of peat deposits in the Malaysian tropics. Modern Quatern. Res. in SE Asia 2, p. 71-81. Prijono, A. (1989)- Overview of the Indonesian coal development. Geologi Indonesia 12, 1 (Katili Comm. Vol.), p. 253-278. Purnomo, H. (2007)- CBM Development in Indonesia, Proc. 43rd CCOP Ann. Sess., Daejeon 2006, 2, p. 143150. (online at: http://www.ccop.or.th/download/pub/43as_ii.pdf) (Recent studies identified approximately 450 TCF of prospective CBM resources in 11 onshore coal basins in Indonesia including S Sumatra, Kutai and Barito Basins) Radjagukguk, B. (1997)- Peat soils of Indonesia: location, classification and problems for sustainability. In: J.O. Rieley & S.E. Page (eds.) Tropical peatlands, Samara Publishing Ltd, Cardigan, p. 45-54 Ratanasthien, B., W. Kandharosa, S. Chompusri & S. Chartprasert (1999)- Liptinite in coal and oil source rocks in northern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 301-306. (N Thailand Tertiary coal and oil deposits similar palynological associations to Borneo region. Oldest coal-oil deposits of Late Oligocene- E Miocene age and dominated by Botryococcus or related algae. Thick-walled lamaginites and temperate spores- pollen in some areas. Thin-walled lamaginite dominant in late M Miocene time. Resinite, suberinite, and cutinite dominant in forest swamp coals; alginite, cutinite and lycopodium spores dominant in lacustrine environments. Liptinite macerals can be major source of oil and gas) Rieley, J.O., A.A. Ahmad-Shah & M.A. Brady (1996)- The extent and nature of tropical peat swamps. In: E. Maltby et al. (eds.) Tropical lowland peatlands of Southeast Asia, Gland, Switzerland, p. 17-53. Rieley, J.O., S.E. Page & B. Setiadi (1996)- Distribution of peatlands in Indonesia. In: E. Lappalainen (ed.) Global peat resources, International Peat Society, Jyvaskyla, Finland, p. 169-178. Rieley, J.O., G. Sieffermann, M.Fournier & F. Soubies (1992)- The peat swamp forests of Borneo: their origin, development, past and present vegetation and importance in regional and global environmental processes. 9th Int. Peat Congress, Uppsala, Sweden, p. 78-95. Robertson Research International (1977)- Coal in Indonesia. Multi-client study, Sydney, p.

(Unpublished)

Santoso, B. & N. Suwarna (1998)- Indonesian coal: its potential, production and utilization. J. Geol. Sumberdaya Min. 8, 78, p. 20-26. Shearer, J.C., J. R. Staub & T.A. Moore (1994)- The conundrum of coal bed thickness: a theory for stacked mire sequences. J. Geology 102, 5, p. 611-617. (Modern peats up to ~20 m thick and will compact appreciably during burial, whereas coal beds can be 90 m thick. Thick coal beds likely composed of multiple, stacked paleo-peat bodies. Three types of bounding surfaces seen in modern peat bodies can be used to distinguish individual paleo-peats in coal beds) Shimada, S., H. Takahashi, A. Haraguchi &d M. Kaneko (2001)- The carbon content characteristics of tropical peats in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: estimating their spatial variability in density. Biogeochemistry 53, 3, p. 249-267. Sia, S.G. & W.H. Abdullah (2011)- Concentration and association of minor and trace elements in Mukah coal from Sarawak, Malaysia, with emphasis on the potentially hazardous trace elements. Int. J. Coal Geol. 88, p. 179-193. Sieffermann, G., M. Fournier, S. Triutomo, M. Sadelman & A. Semah (1988)- Velocity of tropical forest peat accumulation in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia (Borneo). In: 8th Int. Peat Society Congress, Leningrad, p. 90-98.


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Sieffermann, G., S. Triutomo, M.T. Sadelman, A. Kristijono & S.A. Parhadimulyo (1987)- The peat genesis in the lowlands of Central Kalimantan province, the respective influence of podzolisation and bad drainage, the two main processes of peat genesis in Kalimantan. Int. Peat Congress, Yogyakarta, ORSTOM, 17 p. Sigit, S. (1981)- Pengembangan Batubara Indonesia, prospek dan permasalahannya. Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. 1-6. ('Coal in Indonesia, prospect and issues') Sigit, S. (1981)- Coal development in Indonesia: past performance and future prospects. Journal Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI) 8, p. 3-9. Soehandojo (1989)- Coal exploration and exploitation review in Indonesia. Geol. Indonesia (J. Indon. Assoc. Geol. IAGI) 12, 1 (Katili Comm. Volume), p. 279-325. (Overview of Indonesia coal concessions, mine operators, etc.. Most reserves on Sumatra and Kalimantan, lesser reserves on Sulawesi, Java, Irian Jaya)) Sosrowidjojo, I.B. (2007)- Ongoing Coalbed Methane (CBM) development in the South Sumatra Basin. LEMIGAS Scient. Contr. 29, 3, p. 15- 24. Stankiewicz, B.A., M.A. Kruge & M. Mastalerz (1996)- A geochemical study of macerals from a Miocene lignite and an Eocene bituminous coal, Indonesia. Organic Geochem. 24, 5, p. 531-545. (Optical and chemical study of SE Kalimantan Miocene lignite and Eocene high-volatile bituminous C coal) Staub, J.R. & J.S. Esterle (1994) Peat-accumulating depositional systems of Sarawak, East Malaysia. Sediment. Geol. 89, p. 91-106. (Prograding coastal depositional systems of Sarawak contain domed peat-accumulating environments in which low-ash, low-sulfur peats are being deposited in areas of clastic sedimentation. Depositional systems are as large as 11,400 km2, individual peat deposits >20 m thick and 1000 km2 in area. Basal high-ash, high-sulfur, degraded peats overlain by low-ash, low-sulfur, well preserved peats) Staub, J.R., J.S. Esterle & A.L Raymond (1991)- Comparative geomorphic analysis of Central Appalachian coal beds and Malaysian peat deposits. Bull. Geol. Soc. France 162, p. 339-351. Stevens, S.H. & Hadiyanto (2004)- Indonesia: coalbed methane indicators and basin evaluation. Soc. Petrol. Eng. (SPE) Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conf., Perth 2004, Paper SPE 88630, 8 p. (Indonesia has many untested thick, low-rank coal deposits, prospective for coalbed methane development. Assessed resource 12.7 trillion m3 (450 Tcf) of prospective CBM in 11 onshore basins) Stevens, S.H. & K. Sani (2001)- Coalbed methane potential of Indonesia: preliminary evaluation of a new natural gas source. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 727-738 Stevens, S.H, K. Sani & S. Hardjosuwiryo (2001)- Indonesia’s 337 TCF CBM resource a low-cost alternative to gas, LNG. Oil Gas J. 99, 43, p. 40-45. Supardi, A.D. Subekty & S.G. Neuzil (1993)- General geology and peat resources of the Siak Kanan and Bengkalis Island peat deposits, Sumatra, Indonesia. In: Modern and ancient coal-forming environments, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 286, p 45-62. Supiandi, S. (1988)- Studies on peat in the coastal plains of Sumatra and Borneo Part I: physiography and geomorphology of the coastal plains. Southeast Asian Stud. 26, p. 308-335. Supiandi, S. (1990)- Studies on peat in the coastal plains of Sumatra and Borneo Part IV: a study of the floral composition of peat in coastal plain of Brunei, Borneo. Southeast Asian Stud. 27, p. 461-484.


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Suwarna (2002)- Coalbed methane in Indonesia. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 22, Bandung, p. 19-39. (Review of coalbed methane potential of Indonesia. Most prospective basins in descending order: S. Sumatra, Barito, Kutai, C Sumatra, N Tarakan, Berau, Bengkulu, etc.) Suwarna, N. (2007)- Permian Mengkarang coal facies and enviroment, based on organic petrology study. Jurn. Geol. Indon. 1, 1, p. (Permian Mengkarang Fm coals mainly vitrinite, minor inertinite. Coals deposited in wet zone of mire and rapid burial) Suwarna, N., B. Hermanto, T. Sihombing & K.D. Kusumah (2006)- Coalbed methane potential and coal characteristics in the Lati Region, Berau Basin, East Kalimantan. Indonesian J. Geol. 1, 1, p. 19-30. Teodosio, N.R. (1987)- An overview of coal deposits in the Philippines. ESCAP Series on Coal. 5, p. 142-150. Tie, Y.L. & J.S. Esterle (1991)- Formation of lowland peat domes in Sarawak, Malaysia. Proc. Int. Symp. on Tropical Peatland. Kuching, p. Van de Meene, E.A. (1984)- Geological aspects of peat formation in the Indonesian- Malayan lowlands. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, 9, p. 20-31. (Good overview of modern peat formation and distribution in W Indonesia) Van Dijk, P. (1858)- Over de waarde van eenigen Nederlandsch-Indische koolsoorten. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.Indie 15, p. 139-158. ('On the value of some Indonesian coal types') Van Doorn, Z. (1959)- Enkele waarnemingen aan oorspronkelijke Indonesische veenmoerassen ter vergelijking met de Hollands-Utrechtse venen. Boor en Spade 10, p. 156- 170. (online at: http://edepot.wur.nl/109967 ) ('Some observations on original peat bogs in Indonesia for comparìson with the Holland-Utrecht peat area') Van Lier, R.J. (1917)- De steenkolenindustrie. Onze koloniale mijnbouw, III, Tjeenk Willink, Haarlem, p. 1-87. (Popular 1917 description of coal mining industry in Indonesia) Wust, R., J. Rieley, S. Page, S. van der Kaars, W.M. Wang, G. Jacobsen & A. Smith (2007)- Peatland evolution in Southeast Asia during the last 35,000 cal years: implication for evaluating their carbon storage potential. In: J.O. Rieley et al. (eds.) Carbon-climate-human interaction on tropical peatland. Proc. Int. Symp. Tropical Peatland, Yogyakarta 2007, Gadjah Mada Univ., Indonesia and Univ. Leicester, 19 p. (online at http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/carbopeat/media/pdf/yogyapapers/p2.pdf) Ziegler, K.G.J. (1915)- Kritische Studie uber die auf Java bekannten Kohlenvorkommen. Geol. Survey, Bandung, Open File Report E15-04, p. 1-107. ('Critical study of the known coal occurrences on Java')


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XII. HISTORIC INTEREST, LINKS XII.1. Historic Interest, Biographies Anonymous (1950)- Een eeuw natuurwetenschap in Indonesië 1850-1950. Gedenkboek Koninklijke Natuurkundige Vereeniging, Vorkink, Bandung, p. 1-279. ('A century of natural sciences in Indonesia 1850-1950'. Volume commemorating centenary anniversary of Royal Natural Science Society in Indonesia. With contributions on geology (Van Bemmelen), volcanology, (Petroeschevsky and Klompe), geophysics (Visser), soil science (Van Baren), botany, zoology, etc.) Anonymous (1956)- Proeve tot een levensschets van Prof. Dr. Ir. H.A. Brouwer. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 16 (Gedenkboek H.A. Brouwer), p. XV-XXVI. (Biography of H.A. Brouwer, geologist with Netherlands Indies 'Mijnwezen' from 1910-1917,then professor of geology in Delft and Amsterdam. Headed expeditions to Sulawesi in 1929 and Lesser Sunda islands, mainly Timor, in 1937. Many publications on E Indonesia islands and tectonics of Indonesia) Albers, P.C.H. & J. de Vos (2010)- Through Eugene Dubois' eyes. Stills of a turbulent life. Brill, Leiden, 185p. (Well-illustrated biography of Dubois, the first man to find and describe 'Java man', Pithecanthropus erectus) Ballard, C., S. Vink & A. Ploeg (2001)- Race to the snow. Photography and the exploration of Dutch New Guinea, 1907-1936. Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, p. 1-94. Bartlett A.G. (1972)- Pertamina- Indonesian National Oil. Amerasian Ltd., p. 1-419. Barzilay, W.F. (2008)- De ontvangst van Wegeners theorie in Nederland (1916-1968): acceptatie, verwerping en heropleving. Thesis University of Utrecht, p. 1-152. (online at: http://www.phil.uu.nl/HPS/theses/WillemjanBarzilay.pdf) (History of acceptance, rejection and revival of Wegener's 1915 theory of continental drift (predecessor of plate tectonics) in the Netherlands. Theory not generally accepted until 1968. Many of the discussions on this topic by geologists like Molengraaff, Brouwer, Wing Easton, Kuenen, Van Bemmelen, Umbgrove, Smit Sibinga, Vening Meinesz, etc., were based on observations from Indonesia) Bastin, J. & D.T. Moore (1982)- The geological researches of Dr Thomas Horsfield in Indonesia 1801-1819. Bull. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Hist. Ser. 10, 3, p. 75-115. (On early geological observations on Java and Sumatra by American naturalist/ zoologist in early 1800’s) Beekman, E.M. (1981)- The poison tree: selected writings of Rumphius on the natural history of the Indies. University of Massachusetts Press, 260 p. (Selected writings on flora, fauna and rocks of the Moluccas by Georg Everard Rumpf (Rumphius), first published in 1702 books 'Herbarium Amboinense' and 'D'Amboinsche Rariteitkamer') Beunk, F.F. (2001)- Willem Paul de Roever. Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundschau) 90, p. 471-473. (Obituary of W.P. de Roever, professor at University of Amsterdam, known for geologic mapping work in W Timor in 1937, petrography of C Sulawesi metamorphics (first to recognize the high-pressure- low temperature glaucophane facies overprint on regional metamorphic rocks) and first geologist to propose that large peridotite masses represent mantle fragments in 1957. Survey work on Bangka in late 1940's lead to identification of Permian and Triassic sediments) Boehm. G. (1906)- Geologische Mitteilungen aus dem Indo-Australischen Archipel. 1: Neues aus dem IndoAustralischen Archipel. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaontologie. Abh. 22 (B-B), p. 385-412. ('Geological news from the Indo-Australian Archipelago') Boyden, A. & G. Boyden (2009)- Exploring Indonesia 1902-1911. Adventures of geologist Johannes Wanner. Pen Press, Brighton, 128p.


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(Travels of German geologist Wanner in Indonesia, including geological exploration surveys for Royal Dutch Oil Co. on Java, Seram, E Borneo, N and S Sumatra, E Sulawesi in 1902-1905, then to E Borneo, Moluccas and Timor in 1907-1909 and a privately funded expedition to Timor in 1910-1911) Brouwer, H.A. (1926)- Status of areal geological surveys in the Netherlands East Indies. Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia 1923, p. 1359- . Brouwer, H.A. (1930)- Prof. Dr. G.A.F. Molengraaff 1860-1930. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aaardrijksk. Gen. 47, p. 345- . Brouwer, H.A. (1942)- Levensbericht van Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (1860-1942). Jaarboek Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, 1941-42, 7 p. (online at: http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/levensberichten/PE00001924.pdf) (Obituary of G.A.F. Molengraaff, professor of geology Delft Technical University from 1906-1930, author of pioneering geological studies on Kalimantan (1893-1894), N Sulawesi (1901), Timor (1910-1911), etc.,) Buijze, W. (2006)- Leven en werk van Georg Everhard Rumphius (1627-1702): een natuurhistoricus in dienst van de VOC. Boekhandel Couvee, 357 p. ('Life and work of Georg E. Rumphius (1672-1702): a naturalist in the service of the Dutch East Indies Company VOC') Colijn, A.H. (1937)- Naar de eeuwige sneeuw van tropisch Nederland. De bestijging van het Carstensz gebergte in Nederlandsch Nieuw Guinee. Scheltens & Giltay, Amsterdam, 279p. (Book on first successful ascent of the snow-covered Carstens peak (Puncak Jaya) in West Papua in 1936 by NNGM personnel Colijn, Dozy and Wissel, on the way discovering the world-class Ertsberg porphyry copper outcrop, mined by Freeport since 1973) Decker, R.W. (1960)- Geophysics in Indonesia 1921-1961. Inst. Techn. Bandung, Contrib. Dept. Geology 35, Geol. Symposium, p. De Jongh, A.C. (1935)- De publicistische werkzaamheid van den Indischen geologische dienst en haar huidige belemmering. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aaardrijksk. Gen. 52, p. 399-406. ('The publication activities of the Indies Geological Survey and its current limitations') De Keyser, F. & J. Noya-Sinay (1992)- History of geoscientific investigations in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 13, 3, p. 251-273. (Overview of geological work on Kalimantan since first journeys by Europeans into interior between 1816 and 1850. After 1850 establishment of Mines Department Everwijn checked reported mineral occurrences. Systematic mapping project in 1923-1932 covered most of W Kalimantan) De Loos, D. (1887)- Gesteenten en mineralen van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, 1: Tin. Koloniaal Museum Haarlem, Erven Loosjes, p. ('Rocks and minerals from Netherlands East Indies- 1: Tin'. Early review of tin occurrences in Indonesia) De Loos, D. (1890)- Gesteenten en mineralen van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, 2: Diamant en edele metalen. Koloniaal Museum Haarlem, Erven Loosjes, p. 1-98. ('Rocks and minerals from Netherlands East Indies- 2: Diamond and precious metals'. Early, popular review of diamonds and platinum of Kalimantan, gold of Kalimantan and Sumatra, silver and mercury of W Sumatra) De Meyier, J.E. (1911)-. De goud- en zilvermijn Salida. De Indische Gids 32, p. 28-67. (Overview of history of Salida gold-silver mine, W Sumatra) De Neve, G.A. (1946)- De natuurwetenschappelijke instituten tijdens den bezettingstijd. Natuurwet. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie 102, p. 148-149.


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(‘The natural science institutes during the occupation period’. Mainly on the Bandung geological museum during the 1942-1945 Japanese occupation) De Neve, G.A. (1947)- In memoriam March 1942- December 1945. Bull. Bur. Mines Geol. Surv. Indonesia 1, 2, p. (Obituaries of European geologists employed at Bandung geological survey, who died during the Japanese occupation, incl. Duyfjes, Harloff, Hetzel, Musper, Stehn, Tan Sin Hok, etc.) Den Tex, E. (1974)- Isaak Martinus van der Vlerk (31 januari 1892-29 juni 1974). Jaarboek Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wet., Amsterdam, 1974, p. 1-6. (Obituary of I.M. van der Vlerk (1892-1974), mainly known for work on Tertiary larger foraminifera of Indonesia, particularly the evolution of Lepidocyclina and the 'Letter Classification' zonation of the Tertiary) Diponegoro, A.F. (2007)- Harta Bumi Indonesia- Biografi J.A. Katili. Grasindo, Jakarta, 421 p. (Biography of prof. J.A. Katili, leading Indonesian post- WWII geologist) Douglas, E.A. (1915)- Vademecum voor het personeel bij het mijnwezen. Leidraad voor het karteeren van petroleumterreinen. Landsdrukkerij, Batavia, 53 p. (Manual for mines department personnel for mapping of petroleum terrains, focused on work in C Sumatra) Earle, M. (2008)- A mountain to climb on Timor. Matador, Leicester, 261 p. (Personal history and account of 1977 Ph.D. fieldwork on metamorphic complexes of W Timor by University of London student of Prof. Tony Barber) Escher, B.G. (1931)- K. Martin als directeur van het Rijksmuseum van geologie en mineralogy. In: Feestbundel Martin, Leidsche Geol. Meded. 5, p. 1-16. Forbes, R.J. & D.R. O'Beirne (1957)- The technical development of the Royal Dutch/ Shell 1890-1940. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., E.J. Brill, 670 p. Gerretson, C. (1932-1973)- Geschiedenis der 'Koninklijke'. Joh. Enschede, Haarlem, 5 vols. (History of Royal Dutch / Shell oil company, which had its origin in 1890 in Indonesia with the founding of the 'Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter exploitatie van petroleumbronnen in Nederlandsch-Indie’. Published in several editions) Gerretson, F.C. (1953, 1955)- History of the Royal Dutch. E.J. Brill, Leiden, vols. I and II. (English version of above history of Royal Dutch / Shell) Gerth, H. (1943)- K. Martin. Neues Jahrb. Min., Geol. Palaeont., Abhandl. B, 6, p. 157-167. (Biography and bibliography of K. Martin (1851-1942), German-born geology professor at Leiden University, mainly known for contributions on Java Tertiary molluscs and was called ‘Linnaeus of the Javanese Tertiary’) Gerth, H. (1944)- Die wissenschaftliche Bedeutung des Lebenswerkes von Prof. Dr. K. Martin. Leidsche Geol. Meded. 14, 1, p. 1-9. (‘The scientific significance of Prof. K. Martin’s lifetime work’) Hesse, E. (1931)- Goldbergwerke Sumatra 1680-1683. Nijhoff, The Hague, p. 1-195. ('Gold mines on Sumatra, 1680-1683') Hochstein, M.P. & S. Sudarman (2008)- History of geothermal exploration in Indonesia from 1970 to 2000. Geothermics 37, 3, p. 220-266. (First geothermal exploration drilling by Geological Survey at fumarole field of Kawah Kamojang, Java, in 1926. Reconnaissance surveys since 1960s show >200 geothermal prospects with significant surface manifestations in Indonesia)


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Hoeksma, C. (1913)- Schetsen uit de olie. Nederl. Indische Maatschappij Nijverheid en Landbouw, Batavia, 129 p. (Personal experience with descriptions of methods and status of the early oil industry in Indonesia from a 13 year career in oil drilling and production in Sumatra and E Borneo with KNPM (now Shell)) Honig, P. & F. Verdoorn (eds.) Science and scientists in the Netherlands Indies. Board for the Netherlands Indies, Surinam and Curacao, New York, 491p. Hunter, A. (1966)- The Indonesian oil industry. Australian Econ. Pap. 5, 1, p. 59-106. Junghuhn-Commission (1910)- Gedenkboek Franz Junghuhn. 1809-1909. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 361 p. (Junghuhn memorial volume) Katili, J.A. (1961)- The progress of geological sciences in Indonesia, 1921-1961. Inst. Technology Bandung, Contr. Dept. Geol. 37, p. 3-22. (also in Tenth Pacific Sience Congr. Hawaii 1963 and in Katili 1985, Advancement of geoscience in the Indonesian region) Katili, J.A. (1963)- Nachruf Th.H.F. Klompe. Mitteil. Geol. Ges. Wien 56, 2, p. 679-682. (Obituary of Prof. Klompe, geology professor at the University of Indonesia 1948-1958) Katili, J.A. (1979)- Geological and geophysical research in Southeast Asia: the state of the art. The Kuroshio IV, Proc. 4th Coop. Stud. Kuroshio Adjac. Reg. Symp., Tokyo, 14p. (also in Katili 1985- Advancement of geoscience in the Indonesian region, p. 135-148) Katili, J.A. & H.M.S. Hartono (1978)- Van Bemmelen’s contributions to the growth of geotectonics and the present state of earth-science research in Indonesia. Geologie Mijnbouw 58, 2, p. 107-116. Klompe, Th.H.F. (1954)- In memoriam Johannes Herman Frederic Umbgrove, 1899-1954. Indon. J. Natural Sci. 110, p. 121-129. (Obituary of J.H.F. Umbgrove, employed at Bandung geological survey 1926-1930, then geology professor at Delft Technical University. Well known for work on Indonesian foraminifera, corals, coral reefs, Neogene and Pre-Tertiary stratigraphy, structural geology, etc.) Klompe, Th.H.F. (1957)- The status of geological mapping in Indonesia and adjacent areas. Indon. J. Natural Science (Majalah Ilmu Alam untuk Indonesia) 113, p. 127-138. Koninklijke Natuurkundige Vereeniging, Indonesia (1950)- Een eeuw natuurwetenschap in Indonesia 18501950. Vorkink, Bandung, 279 p. (‘A century of natural sciences in Indonesia 1850-1950’) Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap (2004)- De grote atlas van Nederlands Oost-Indie (2nd edition), 480p. Koolhoven, W.C.B. (1939)- De geologische dienst in Nederlandsch-Indie. De Indische Mercuur, 12 July 1939, p. 1-10. (Response to Rutten (1938) who had argued that budgets and staff of Bandung geological survey had been reduced too much) Kuenen, Ph.H. (1947)- Levensbericht van Louis Martin Robert Rutten (4 juni 1884- 11 februari 1946). Jaarboek Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 1946-47, p. 233-239. (online at: www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/levensberichten/PE00002729.pdf) (Obituary of L.M.R. Rutten, professor of geology at Utrecht University 1921-1946, known for field surveys on Seram, larger foraminifera biostratigraphy and 1927 textbook on geology of Indonesia)


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Laufeld, S. (1989)- John Ario Katili- sixty years of eruption. In: Katili Commemorative Volume (60 years), Geol. Indon. 12, 1, p. 1-34. (Personal history and bibliography of J.A. Katili, pioneer of plate tectonics in Indonesia) Machmud, T.N. (2000)- The Indonesian Production Sharing Contract. Doct. Thesis University Leiden, Kluwer, The Hague, 251p. (Description and history of development of the oil industry PSC contract used by the Indonesian government since 1967, by former CEO of ARCO Indonesia) Manders, B. (2010)- De ontdekking van tin op het eiland Billiton. KIT Publishers, Amsterdam, 160p. ('The discovery of tin on the island of Belitung'. Commemorating 150th anniversary of the Billiton company) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for International Studies (1957)- Stanvac in Indonesia. Ayer Publishing, 118 p. (History of Stanvac oil company, consortium of Standand Oil of New Jersey (Exxon) and Socony Vacuum (Mobil)) McWalter, M. (1996)- Oil exploration in Papua and the Mandated Territory of New Guinea; reprint of an historical paper from 1940 with an introduction. In: P.G. Buchanan (ed.) Petroleum exploration, development and production in Papua New Guinea, Proc. Third PNG petroleum convention, Port Moresby, p. 17-49. Mealey, G.A. (1996)- Grasberg- Mining the richest and most remote deposit of copper and gold in the world, in the mountains of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Freeport.McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc., New Orleans, p. 1-327. (History of discovery and development at Ertsberg and Grasberg copper-gold mines, W Papua) Mollema, J. (1918)- De ontwikkeling van het eiland Billiton en de Billiton-maatschappij. Nijhoff, The Hague, p. 1-170. ('The development of Belitung island and the Billiton company'. Tin mining) Moore, D.T. (1982)- Geological collectors and collections of the India Museum, London, 1801-79. Archives Natural Hist. 10, 3, p. 399-428. (On the fate of some early geological collections in now defunct London India Museum, including first geological collections from Indonesia compiled by Thomas Horsfield between 1801 and 1819) Muller, K.J. (1972)- Heinrich Gerth (16.6 1884- 2.8.1971). Palaont. Zeitschr. 46, 3-4, p. 113-120. (Obituary of Professor H. Gerth, German paleontologist at Leiden Geological-Mineralogical Museum from 1920-1928 and professor of stratigraphic geology and paleontology at University Amsterdam after 1930. Known for classic studies of corals and larger foraminifera from Timor and other parts of Indonesia) Muller, S. (1857)- Reizen en onderzoekingen in den Indischen Archipel gedaan op last der Nederlandsche Indische regering tusschen de jaren 1828 en 1836. Frederik Muller, Amsterdam, p. 1-350. ('Travels and discoveries in the Indies Archipelago, commisiioned by the Netherlands Indies government between the years 1828 and 1836'. Second edition of reports on some of the first scientific expeditions into S Kalimantan, SW New Guinea, Timor, etc., by German naturalist Salomon Muller) Murphy, R.W. (ed.) (1999)- The silver years, twenty five years of SEAPEX. SE Asia Petrol. Soc., Singapore, p. (Collection of anecdotal papers on SE Asia exploration in 1960's and 1970's) Nagtegaal, P.J.C. (1989)- A century of petroleum exploration in Sarawak and Sabah. Asean Concil on Petroleum, p. 29-36. Nakano, T. (1970)- Some prevailing trends of the historical development of geosciences in the Far East. Geoforum 1, 3, p. 63-80.


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(Brief review of historical development of geosciences in Far East, based mainly on published data in region. Rel. little on Indonesia) Nash, J.M.W. (1930)- De Opsporingsdienst, de geologische dienst van Nederlandsch-Indie, en zijn laboratorium. De Mijningenieur, January 1930, p. 6-18. (Overview of work and new building of the Geological Survey of the Netherlands Indies in Bandung) Nieuwenhuys, R. & F. Jaquet (1980)- Java’s onuitputtelijke natuur. Reisverhalen, tekeningen en fotografieën van Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn. A. W. Sijthoff, Alphen aan den Rijn, 150 p. (Popular overview of life and Java work of F.W. Junghuhn) Neumann van Padang, M. (1950)- Dertig jaren vulkanologisch onderzoek in Indonesië. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 68, p. 541-565. (‘Thirty years of volcanological research in Indonesia’. History of Bandung Volcanological Survey 1920-1950, founded after the 1919 catastrophic eruption of Kelud volcano, E Java) Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1926)- Vademecum voor het personeel bij den Dienst van den MijnbouwMijnbouwkundig-geologische kaarteeringen meer in ‘t bijzonder die van aardolieterreinen. Weltevreden, 194p. (East Indies Geological Survey manual, describing methods and standards for mapping of oil field terrains) Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1930)- Necrologie van Aug. Tobler. De Mijningenieur 11, p. 2-4. Owen, E.W. (1975)- Trek of the oil finders: a history of exploration for petroleum. AAPG Mem. 6, 1647 p. Petroeschevsky, W.A. & T.H.F. Klompe (1950)- Het vulkanologisch onderzoek in Indonesia. Chronica Naturae 106, 5, Gedenkboek Kon. Natuurk. Vereeniging, Bandung, p. 51-70. (History of volcanological investigations in Indonesia, with listings of 130 active volcanoes and years of eruptions) Polak, B. (1941)- Eugene Dubois, in memoriam. Eysden, 28 Januari 1858- Haarlem, December 1940. Natuurk. Wet. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie 101, 4, p. 88-95. Posthumus, O. (1927)- Honderd jaar palaeobotanisch onderzoek en over de toekomst ervan in NederlandschIndië. De Mijningenieur 3, 24 p. ('One hundred years of paleobotanical research and its future in the Netherlands Indies') Prijosoesilo, P., Y. Sunarya & A. Wahab (1993)- Recent progress of geological investigations in Indonesia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, pp. 5-23. Pyenson, L. (1989)- Empire of reason. Exact sciences in Indonesia 1840-1940. Brill’s studies in intellectual history 13, Brill, Leiden, 194 p. (Analysis of science research in Dutch East Indies by Canadian historian, observing that 'in no other European colony were scientific standards higher or accomplishments more significant than on Java’) Raffles, T.S. (1817)- The history of Java. London, 2 vols. (Early general description of Java, with some geological observations in vol. 1) Raven, T. (1946)- In memoriam Prof. Dr. L.M.R. Rutten. Tijdschr. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. 63, 5p. Rochussen, H. (1865)- Levensberigt Dr. F.W. Junghuhn. Natuurk. Tijdschrift Nederl.-Indie 28, 6, 3, p. 342(Obituary of German naturalist F. Junghuhn. Born 1812, arriving as health officer in Netherlands Indies in 1835. Traversed Java for 13 years and climbed all volcanoes. Wrote his famous book Java geography and flora in 1848-1849. Died in Lembang 1864)


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Rumphius, G.E. (1705)- D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer, behelzende eene beschryvinge van allerhande zoo weeke als harde schaalvischen, te weeten raare kreeften... die men in d’Amboinsche Zee vindt, etc.. F. Halma, Amsterdam, 340 + 43p. ('The Ambonese curiosity cabinet, etc.'. Classic description of fauna and flora of Moluccan islands by VOC officer Rumphius. Includes first descriptions of fossil Jurassic- Cretaceous belemnites from Sula islands, described as 'bullets and fingers') Rumphius, G.E. (1705/ 1999)- The Ambonese curiosity cabinet. Yale University Press, New Haven, 567 p. (Annotated English translation by E.M. Beekman of 1705 Dutch original of classic Ambon/ Moluccas natural history book) Rutten, L. (1917)- De wenschelijkheid van eenen geologischen dienst in Nederlandsch-Indie. Koloniale Studiën 1, p. 299-323. ('The desirability of a geological survey in Netherlnds Indies'. Argues for creation of separate geological survey organization for detailed geologic mapping of Java, with the Bandung 'Mijnwezen' organization continuing to find and evaluate commercial mineral deposits across the entire archipelago Rutten, L.M.R. (1923)- Development of geological knowledge in the Dutch East Indies. In: The history and present state of scientific research in the Dutch East Indies, Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, De Bussy, p. 121. (Brief review of history of geological work between ~1850-1920) Rutten, L.M.R. (1928)- Arthur Wichmann. Zeitschr. Vulkanologie 1928, 11, p. 153-152. (Obituary of A. Wichmann, who died in 1927. First professor of geology at University of Utrecht from 18791921, who participated in two geographic expeditions to East Indonesia and New Guinea in 1899 and 1903) Rutten, L.M.R. (ed.) (1929)- Science in the Netherlands East Indies. Fourth Pacific Sci. Congress, Java 1929, Koninkl. Akad. Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 432p. Rutten, L.M.R. (1932)- De beteekenis van de Opsporinsdienst (Geologische Dienst) van den Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Ned.-Indie in verband met geruchten over krasse bezuinigingen. De Indische Mercuur, 55, 20, p. 297-298. ('The significance of the Geological Survey, with regard to rumors of significant budget cuts'. Rutten emphasizes importance of Bandung geological survey work. Suggests to shift more staff time to analysis of previously collected field observations and rocks in Bandung instead of expensive new field expeditions, to achieve spending reductions without staff reduction (appeal not followed: geologists/engineers reduced from 88 in 1931 to 41-47 in 1935; Sumatra mapping completely stopped; publications reduced to virtually zero; HvG)) Rutten, L.M.R. (1938)- De nooden van de geologische dienst in Nederlandsch-Indie. De Indische Mercuur, 20 Juli 1938, p. 3-18. ('The needs of the geological survey in Netherlands Indies'. Regrets the draconian budget cuts at Bandung geological survey between 1931- 1938. Pleas for additional effors of geological survey work, resume Sumatra mapping and work in E Indonesia. See also reply by survey director Koolhoven (1939)) Rutten, L.M.R. (1943)- Levensbericht van Johann Karl Ludwig Martin, 1851-1942. Jaarboek Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 1942-1943, p. 210-218. (Obituary of K. Martin, the 'Linnaeus of Java', geology-paleontology professor at Leiden University from 1877- 1921) Scrivenor, J.B. (1941)- Geological research in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. Geol. Magazine 78, p. 125-150. (Review of status of geological research in Malay Peninsula and Indonesian Archipelago, mainly Borneo)


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Shell Companies in Indonesia (1987)- Oil in Indonesia- the roots of the Royal Dutch/ Shell group of companies. Jakarta, 23p. Schmidt, M. (1910)- Franz Junghuhn’s Leben. In: Gedenkboek Franz Junghuhn, M. Nijhoff, The Hague, p. 123. (Biography of 1850's Java naturalist Junghuhn) Schmutzer, J. (1946)- In memoriam Prof. dr. L.M.R. Rutten. Geologie en Mijnbouw 8, p. 1- 8. (Obituary and literature list of L.M.R. Rutten, known, amongst others, for extensive 1918-1920 geological fieldwork on Seram and a 1927 textbook on the geology of Indonesia) Shipman, P. (2001)- The man who found the missing link. Eugene Dubois and his lifelong quest to prove Darwin right. Simon & Schuster, New York, 495p. (Biography of Dubois, the first man to find and describe 'Java man', Pithecanthropus erectus) Sirks, J.M. (1915)- Indisch natuuronderzoek. Doct. Thesis University of Utrecht, Ellerman, Amsterdam. p. 1294. (online at: http://www.archive.org/details/indischnatuurond00sirk) ('Nature research in the Indies'. Overview of scientific achievements in natural sciences in the Netherlands Indies between ~1850-1915, including chapter on geology, p. 240-253) Sirks, M.J. (1945)- Rumphius, the blind seer of Amboina. In: P. Honig & F. Verdoorn (eds.) Science and Scientists in the Netherlands Indies, New York, p. 295-308. (online at: www.knaw.nl/Content/Internet_KNAW/internationaal/indonesia/OUD/Honig_Verdoorn/Honig42.pdf) (Biography of German naturalist Rumphius, known for first (late 1600's) descriptions of natural history of Ambon and Moluccas, including the ' Amboinsche Rariteitkamer') Somers Heidhues, M. (2003)- Golddiggers, farmers, and traders in the Chinese Districts of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Cornell Univ.Press, Southeast Asia Program Publ., p. 1-309. Sudradjat, A. (2012)- Van Bemmelen-kisah di balik ketenarannya. Penerbit Galeripadi, Bandung, p. 1-337. ('Van Bemmelen, the story behind his fame'. Biography of R.W. Van Bemmelen, 'Mijnwezen' geologist, Head of Indonesia Volcanological Survey and author of 1949 standard text 'The geology of Indonesia'. In Indonesian) Sukamto (1986)- Progress of systematic geological mapping in Indonesia 1969-1984. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 12, p. 31-42. Sukamto (1997)- Current knowledge concerning the geology of Indonesia resulting from two and a half decades of activities by the Geological research and Development Centre, 1970-1995. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 20, p.1-38. Sukamto, R. (2000)- The knowledge of Indonesian geology: challenge and utilization. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Spec. Publ. 22, p. 1-65. (Bilingual Indonesian- English overview of the year 2000 status of geological investigations in Indonesia) Tan, B.K. & T.T. Khoo (1982)- GEOSEA- its origin and development. Episodes 1982, 1, p. 9-12. (Brief review of SE Asia regional geoscience union, organizing regional conferences every 3 years since 1972) Taylor, P.M. (2006)- By aeroplane to Pygmyland: revisiting the 1926 Dutch and American Expedition to New Guinea. Smithsonian Institute (Online at http://www.sil.si.edu/expeditions/1926/ ) (Online collection of diaries, photos, etc., from 1926 Dutch-American North New Guinea Stirling expedition up Mamberamo River, its Rouffaer River tributary, then upland to“pygmy” tribal areas of Central Range. Over 400 participants including Dutch military and scientists, Ambonese soldiers, Dayak canoemen, Malay convicts) Thalmann, H.E. (1942)- Tan Sin Hok: 1902-1945. The Micropaleontologist 3, 4, p. 25-26.


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(Obituary of prominent Indonesia geological survey micropaleontologist Tan Sin Hok, murdered in Bandung in 1945 during aftermath of Japanese occupation) Tobias, P.V. (1976)- The life and times of Ralph von Koenigswald: palaeontologist extraordinary. J. Human Evolution 5, 5, p. 403-410. Todd, D.F. (1995)- An Indonesian experience. In: A.G. Hatley (ed.) The oil finders: a collection of stories about exploration, Centex Press, Utopia, p. 49-118. (Personal history of creation of IIAPCO oil company and negotiations leading to its acquisition of Offshore NW Java- SE Sumatra exploration acreage in 1965, while pioneering the first Production Sharing Contracts in Indonesia) Tollmann, A. (1984)- Reinout Willem van Bemmelen (14.4.1904- 19.11.1983). Mitt. Osterr. Geol. Ges. 77, p. 369-372. (online at http://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/oegg/Band_77_369_372.pdf) (Obituary of R.W. van Bemmelen; in German) Turner, S. & G.C. Cadee (2006)- Dr. Margaretha Brongersma-Sanders (1905-1996), Dutch scientist: an annotated bibliography of her work to celebrate 100 years since her birth. Zool. Meded. Leiden 80, 10, p. 159180. (Biography and list of publications of M. Borongersma-Sanders, a.o. fossil fish expert known for the 1934 classic work on Eocene fresh-water fish from the C Sumatra Ombilin Basin) Ubaghs, J.G.H. (1952)- Ir. C.P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven. Geol. Mijnbouw 8, p. 315-317. (Biography and list of publications of Zeijlmans van Emmichoven (1897-1952), who was born and spent his life in Indonesia. Most of his work with the geological survey was on the geology of Borneo) Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1942)- In memoriam Prof. Dr. G.A.F. Molengraaff. Geol. Mijnbouw, N.S., 4, p. 33-38. Umbgrove, J.H.F. (1942)- In memoriam Prof. Dr. K. Martin. Geol. Mijnbouw, N.S., 4, p. 90-94. (Biography of paleontologist and first professor in geology in 1877 at Leiden University, K. Martin, also called ‘the Linnaeus of the Indies Tertiary’) Valentyn F. (1724-1726)- Beschryving van Amboina, vervattende een wydlustige verhandeling van het zelve, en van alle eylanden, etc.. Dordrecht, Amsterdam, 5 vols. (Early natural history book of Ambon region by representative of VOC, the Dutch East Indies Company) Van Aken, H.M. (2005)- Dutch oceanographic research in Indonesia in colonial times. Oceanography 18, 4, p. 30-41. Van Baal, J., K.W. Galis & R.M. Koentjaraningrat (1984)- West Irian: a bibliography. Koninklijk Inst. Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Bibliogr. Ser. 15, 307 p. (Online at http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/bk1/kitlv/bib/11.pdf) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- Report on the volcanic activity and volcanological research in Indonesia during the period 1936-1948. Bulletin Volcanologique 9, p. 3-30. Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949)- Charles Edgar Stehn (1884-1945). Bull. Volcanology 8, 1, p. 133-137. (Obituary of C.E. Stehn, volcanologist with the Netherlands Indies Volcanological Survey since 1922 and its director from 1926 until 1940 when German nationals were interned and deported to British India after the German invasion of The Netherlands. Numerous reports and publications on volcanoes across Indonesia) Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1950)- Geschiedenis van het geologisch onderzoek in Indonesie. Chronica Natural 106 (Gedenkboek Kon. Nat. Vereeniging, Een eeuw natuurwetenschap in Indonesia 1850-1950), Bandung, p. 41-48. (Brief history of geologic investigations of Indonesia)


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Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1956)- The influence of geologic events on human history (an example from central Java). Verhand. Nederl. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen., Geol. Ser. 16 (Gedenkboek Brouwer), p. 20-36. (On the relationship between the demise of the Hindu-Javanese state of Mataram after ~1000 AD and eruptions of Merapi volcano) Van den Brink, P. (2009)- Een geologisch mozaiek van Nederlands Oost-Indië. Geo-Info 6, 3, p. 80- 81. ('A geological mosaic of Netherlands East Indies'. Brief discussion of Abendanon (1914) compilation of first geological map of entire Indonesian archipelago) Van den Ploeg, F.P.C.S. (1945)- Insulinde, schatten van den bodem. W. van Hoeve, Deventer, p. 3-216 (Overview of natural resources and mining activity in Netherlands Indies until 1940. Written for broad audience, but quite thorough) Van der Linden, W.J.M. (1984)- In memoriam R.W. van Bemmelen. Geologie Mijnbouw 63, 1, p. (Obituary of Van Bemmelen. Republished online at: http://fosi.iagi.or.id/tecsed/tecsed-inmemoriam.htm) Van Diessen, J.R. & F.J. Ormeling (eds.) (2004)- Grote Atlas van Nederlands Oost-Indie. Kon. Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen., Asia Maior Publishers, Zierikzee, 2nd ed., 480 p. ('Comprehensive atlas of the Netherlands East Indies') Van Es, L.J. (1923)- Geological investigations, carried out in the Dutch East Indies during the 20th century on behalf of the Department of Mines by the engineers of the staff. In: The history and present state of scientific research in the Dutch East Indies, Kon.Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam De Bussy, p. 22-28. (Brief review of geological survey work on Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, New Guinea, etc., between ~19001921) Van Gorsel, J.T. (2009)- A bibliography and brief history of Indonesia geology literature. Proc. 33rd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 1, IPA09-G-087, p. 429-460 + 700p. bibliography on CD only (Overview paper with first edition of this bibliography) Van Gorsel, J.T. (2011)- An updated bibliography of Indonesian geology. Proc. 35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-025, 6p. (Summary of poster with statistics on 3rd edition of bibliography) Van Lier, R.J.(1918)- De mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indie. Koloniaal Inst., Amsterdam, p. 1-60. ('Mining in the Netherlands Indies') Van Riel, P. (1933-1959)- Snellius Expedition in the eastern part of the Netherlands East-Indies 1929/30. 6 vols. in 18 parts. Leiden. (Results of major oceanographic Snellius expedition, 1929-1930) Van Veen, F.R. (2004)- Gustaaf Molengraaff 1860-1942. Een avontuurlijk geleerde. Delft University Press, 160p. (Biography of G.A.F. Molengraaff, known for first major traverse of Borneo in 1894, recognition of Pleistocene lowstand incised valleys on Sunda Shelf, distribution of coral reefs in Indonesia, the oceanic nature of Mesozoic sediments with manganese nodules in C Kalimantan and Timor, etc.) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1903)- Levensbericht van Reinder Fennema. Jaarboek Mijnwezen Nederl. Oost-Indie 32, p. 123-147. (Biography of Reinder Fennema, ‘Mijnwezen’ mining engineer/ geologist since 1875. First years worked mapping- surveying with focus on caol and petroleum in W and N Sumatra. Then worked with Verbeek on JavaMadura mapping. Drowned on Lake Poso in 1897 during survey of Central Sulawesi)


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Verbeek, R.D.M. (1910)- Junghuhn als geoloog. Gedenkboek Junghuhn, Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage, 16 p. (‘Junghuhn as a geologist’, in Junghuhn 1910 memorial volume) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1913)- De vermeerdering van onze geologische kennis van den Nederlandsch Oost-Indischen Archipel in de laatste 40 jaren. Catalogus Koloniaal Aardrijkskundige Tentoonstelling, Amsterdam 1913, 7p. ('The growth in our geological knowledge of the Netherlands east Indies Archipelago in the last 40 years') Verstappen, H.Th. (2006)- Zwerftocht door een wereld in beweging. Van Gorcum, Assen, 164 p. (Personal history and travels through many parts of the Indonesian Archipelago between 1949-1959 by geomorphologist Verstappen, including expeditions to New Guinea) Von Koenigswald, R. (1931)- Fossielen uit Chineesche apotheken in West-Java. De Mijningenieur 1931, 11, p. 189-192. ('Fossils from Chinese pharmacies'. Medicine in Chinese pharmacies of West Java includes fossils, probably all imported from China. Three most popular groups: 1. Paleozoic brachiopods ('stone wings'; mainly U Devonian Spirifer verneuilli), 2. Late Tertiary crabs and 3.Late Tertiary mammal bones and teeth ('dragon teeth'). This may explain disputed records of Devonian brachiopods from Sulawesi, etc.)) Von Koenigswald, R. (1958)- Fossils from Chinese drugstores in Borneo. J. Sarawak Mus. 8,p. 545-548. Wichmann, A. (1902)- Het aandeel van Rumphius in het mineralogisch en geologisch onderzoek van den Indischen Archipel. Rumphius Gedenkboek, Koloniaal Museum, Haarlem, p. 137-164. ('The contribution of Rumphius to the mineralogical and geological research of the Indies Archipelago') Wichmann, A. (1909)- Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn 26 oktober 1809 bis 24 april 1864. Petermanns Mitteil. 55, p. 297-300. (Brief biography of Junghuhn) Wichmann, A. (1909)- Entdeckungsgeschichte von Neu-Guinea (bis 1828). Nova Guinea 1, Brill Leiden, p. 1340. (online at: www.papuaweb.org/dlib/nova-guinea/) (‘Discovery history of New Guinea until 1828’. Account of visits to New Guinea by western ships-1) Wichmann, A. (1910)- Entdeckungsgeschichte von Neu-Guinea (1828 bis 1885), part 1. Nova Guinea 2, 1, p. 1369. (online at: www.papuaweb.org/dlib/nova-guinea/) (‘Discovery history of New Guinea 1828-1885’. Lengthy account of visits to New Guinea by western ships-2) Wichmann, A. (1912)- Entdeckungsgeschichte von Neu-Guinea (1885 bis 1902), part 2. Nova Guinea 2, 2, p. 371-811. (online at: www.papuaweb.org/dlib/nova-guinea/) (‘Discovery history of New Guinea 1885-1902’. Lengthy account of visits to New Guinea by western ships-3) Wichmann, A. (1918)- Die Erdbeben des indischen Archipels bis zum Jahre 1857. Verhand. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, sect. 2, 20, 4, p. 1-193. ('The earthquakes of the Indies Archipelago until the year 1857'. Accounts of times/places of earthquakes from historic records) Wilson, F. (1981)- The conquest of Copper Mountain. Atheneum, New York, 235p. (Book by Freeport executive on the 1968-1973 evaluation, initial development and start of production of giant Ertsberg porphyry copper-gold deposit in West Papua) Wing Easton, N. (1922)- Prof. Dr. K. Martin. Jaarboek Geol. Mijnbouwk. Genootschap 1922, p. 9-22 (Obituary of K. Martin, also called 'The Linnaeus of Java') Wing Easton, N. (1926)- Ter nagedachtenis van Dr. R.D.M. Verbeek (1845-1926). Jaarboek Geol. Mijnbouwk. Genootschap 1926, p. 3-34.


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(Memorial for Verbeek, Netherlands Indies geological survey geologist, famous for voluminous reports on W and S Sumatra, SE Borneo, the 1883 Krakatoa eruption, 1898 Java- Madura mapping, 1904 Ambon mapping and the 1908 Moluccas survey) C.F. Winkler Prins (1996)- Dr C. Beets (1916-1995) and the 'Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie'. Scripta Geol. 113, p. 1-21. (online at: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148738) (Obituary of C. Beets, a.o. specialist of Indonesian Cenozoic molluscs) Wormser, C.W. (1941)- Frans Junghuhn biografie. Van Hoeve, Den Haag, 244 p. Yokoyama, I. (1994)- Two Dutch volcanologists in Indonesia, Dr. Neumann van Padang and Prof. Van Bemmelen. Bull. Volcan. Soc. Japan 39, 6, p.273-275. (in Japanese) (online at http://nels.nii.ac.jp/els/110003041019.pdf....) Zagwijn, W.H. (1997)- Eugene Dubois: tracing the missing link between ape and man. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 100, p. 65-84.


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XII.2. Bibliographies, Serials Aquino, B.T. (1974)- Bibliography on Philippine geology and mineral resources (1966-1971). Bur. Mines, Manila, Bibliogr. Ser. 3, p. 1-112. Aquino, B.T. & L.G. Santos (1971)- Bibliography on Philippine geology, mining and mineral resources. Bureau Mines, Manila, Bibliogr. Ser. 2, p. 1-108. Brouwer, H.A. (1928)- Biliographie volcanologique des Indes Neerlandaises orientales. Bull. Volcanologique 1, 15-18, p. 293-304. ('Volcanological bibliography of the eastern Netherlands Indies'; 1928) CCOP/ SOPAC (1973)- Bibliography of geology and geophysics of the South Pacific. CCOP / SOPAC Techn. Bull. 1, 91 p. CCOP (1976)- Classified index of CCOP reports and publications 1966-1976. CCOP, Bangkok, TP. Ref. 1, p. CCOP (1982)- Classified index of CCOP reports and publications 1977-1982. CCOP, Bangkok, TP. Ref. 2, p. CCOP (1991)- Classified index of CCOP reports and publications October 1982 to February 1991. CCOP, Bangkok, TP. Ref. 3, p. 1-82. CCOP-CIFEG (2006)- Asian multilingual thesaurus of geosciences. 563p. (online at: http://www.ccop.or.th/download/pub/AMTG_2006.pdf) (English, French, Khmer,Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Lao, Malaysian, Thai and Vietnamese geoscience dictionary) Chin a Tam, S.M. (1993)- Bibliography of soil science in Indonesia, 1890-1963. DLO- Institute for Soil Fertility Research, Haren, 543 p. (Comprehensive annotated bibliography of Indonesia soil resources, surveys, soil management, erosion, etc.) Davies, M. (2010)- Bibliography of the Mining History of Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Australian Mining Assoc., Univ. W Australia, Crawley, p. 1-343. (online at: http://www.mininghistory.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/bibliog-2010.pdf) Department of Geology and Minerals of Viet Nam (1998)- Bibliography of the Geology of Viet Nam. 568 p. Galis, K.W. (1962)- Bibliographie van Nederlands Nieuw Guinea. 3rd ed. 280p. (online at http://www.papuaweb.org/bib/abib/galis-1962-bibliographie-nng.pdf) (West Papua bibliography of general literature before 1962) GeoRef (American Geological Institute, Alexandria, VA, USA)- Comprehensive geoscience reference data base (http://www.agiweb.org/georef/) Gobbett, D.J. (1968)- Bibliography and index of the geology of West Malaysia and Singapore. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 2, 152 p. (+ various supplements published in subsequent years) Goossens, P.J (1978)- Earth Sciences bibliography of Burma, Yunnan and Andaman Island. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia,Bangkok 1978, p. 493-536. Grunau, H.R. & R.G. Boto (1957)- Bibliografia geologica de Timor. Ano de Edicao, Lisboa, 5, 4, p. 727-737. ('Geological bibliography of Timor')


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Hadden, R.L. (2008)- The geology of Burma (Myanmar): an annotated bibliography of Burma’s geology, geography and earth science. Topographic Engineering Center (TEC), US Army Corps of Eng., Alexandria, p. 1-312. (online at: www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA487552&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf) Haile, N.S. (1992)- Annotated bibliography of the geology of the South China Sea and adjacent parts of Borneo: emphasis on publications relevant to petroleum geoogy. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 30, p. 1-90. Harrington, H.J. (1976)- Tectonics of the Pacific Basin and the Circum-Pacific Rim. An annotated bibliography for the Interval 1967- 1975, University of New England,. p. 1- 196. Hartmann, A. (1895)- Repertorium op de literatuur betreffende de Nederlandsche kolonien voor zoover zij verspreid is in tijdschriften en mengelwerken. I. Oost-Indie 1866-1893, p. 1-480. (General bibliography of late 1800’s Netherlands East Indies literature, including chapters on geography, natural science, mining, etc.) Hartmann, A. (1901)- Repertorium op de literatuur betreffende de Nederlandsche kolonien in Oost- en WestIndie voor zoover zij verspreid is in tijdschriften en mengelwerken. Eerste vervolg. p. 1-190. (‘First continuation’ of above bibliography of Netherlands East Indies literature) Hays, T.E (2003)- New Guinea Bibliography, 1680 p. (online at http://www.papuaweb.org/bib/hays/ng/) (Extensive bibliography on New Guinea, primarily on ethnographic research, with over 21,500 references) Jouannic, C. & R.M. Thompson (eds.) (1983)- Bibliography of geology and geophysics of the Southwestern Pacific. CCOP / SOPAC Techn. Bull. 5, p. 288p. Klompe, Th.H.F. (1954)- Publications on the geology and geophysics of Indonesia and adjacent areas in 19521953. Indon. J. Natural Science 110, p. 216-246. Klompe, Th.H.F. (1955)- Publications on the geology and geophysics of Indonesia and adjacent areas in 1954. Indon. J. Natural Science 111, p. Klompe, Th.H.F. (1956)- Publications on the geology and geophysics of Indonesia and adjacent areas in 1955 and addenda to the publications on the geology and geophysics of Indonesia and adjacent areas 1952-1954. Indon. J. Natural Science 112, 2, p. 1-31. Klompe, Th.H.F. (1957)- Publications on the geology and geophysics of Indonesia and adjacent areas 1956, 1957 and addenda to the publications on geology and geophysics of Indonesia and adjacent areas 1952-1953, 1954 and 1955, Indon. J. Natural Science 113, p. 171-267 (Contrib. Dept. Geology 33, Univ.Indonesia) Kroenke, L.W. & E. Bardsley (1975)- Bibliography of geology and geophysics of the South Pacific. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. South Pacific Offshore areas (CCOP/SOPAC), Techn. Bull. 1, Austral. Govt. Publ. Serv., Canberra, p. 1-91. (1975 Bibliographies of Fiji, French Oceania/Polynesia, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Samoa and Tonga) Maloney, B.J. (1996)- Bibliography of Southeast Asian palynology. Indo-Pacific Prehistory Assoc. Bull. 14, p. 83-89. (Bibliography of mainly Late Pleistocene- Holocene palynology of SE Asia, not including PNG) Manser, W. (1974)- Earth science abstracts, Papua New Guinea to 1971. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Bull. 143 (PNG 6), 445 p. Manser, W. (1983)- Bibliography of the geology and geophysics of Papua New Guinea. UN ESCAP, CCOP/SOPAC Techn. Bull. 5, p. 156-185.


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Manser, W. & C. Freeman (1970)- Bibliography of eastern New Guinea (Papua New Guinea). Austral. Bur. Min. Res., p. 141p. Manser, W. & N.M. Reynolds (1974)- Earth science abstracts, Papua New Guinea to 1973. Papua New Guinea Geol. Survey Mem. 4, 173p. Murphy, R.W. (2005)- The petroleum geology of SE Asia. SEAPEX Publ., 60p. (Selected bibliography of SE Asia tectonics and petroleum geology papers) Purbo-Hadiwidjojo, M.M. (1970)- Dokumentasi bidang geologi Indonesia. Direktorat Geologi, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 1-17. ('Documentation on the Geology of Indonesia'. Brief review of journals and key publications on geology of Indonesia) Royal Holloway/ University of London- SE Asia Research Group (Online bibliography; accessible only to SEARG consortium members) Skwarko, S.K. (1970)- Bibliography of the Mesozoic paleontology of Australia and eastern New Guinea. Austral. Bur. Min. Res. Bull. 108, p. 237-270. Skwarko, S.K. & F. Hasibuan (1989)- A brief review of literature on the larger marine invertebrates in the Cretaceous of Indonesia, with list of fossils hitherto described. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Paleont. Ser. 6, p. 44-52. Skwarko, S.K. & G. Yusuf (1982)- Bibliography of the invertebrate macrofossils of Indonesia (with cross references). Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 3, 66p. Smoot, K. (1994)- The SEAPEX Reference Index. SEt Asia Petrol. Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX), Singapore, 321p. (Listing and index of papers published by SEAPEX, Singapore: SEAPEX Proceedings 1-10 (1976-1992) and Offshore Southeast Asia conferences 1976-1984) Steenhuis, J (1930-1956)- Lijst der proefschriften ter verkrijging van den Doctoralen graad. Jaarboek Geol. Mijnbouwk. Genootsch. Nederland en Kol., Bijlage 1930-1956, 4 vols. (Listing of 423 geological theses written between 1781-1955 by Dutch geologists, including many on geology on Indonesia. Issued in 4 parts: 1- 1930 (1781-1929, 36p.), 2-1939 (1930-1939), 3- 1949 (1940-1949, 41p.), 41956 (1950-1955, 25p.)) Steenhuis, J (1951)- Opgave van geschriften over geologie en mijnbouw van Indonesie 4, 23e vervolg. Verhand. Nederl. Geol.-Mijnbouwk. Gen., 81p. (23rd and final issue of Indonesia bibliography started by Verbeek in 1914, continued by Wing Easton after 1925. This volume mainly covers period 1937-1947, papers numbered 5960-6700) Tate, R. (2007)- Bibliography and Index of the GSM Bulletin (1994-2004). Geological Soc. Malaysia Bull. 50, p. 1-155. (online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v50/Contents%20-%20iii%20to%20165%20.pdf) Teh, G.H. (1993)- Bibliography and Index. Publ. Geological Society of Malaysia 180 p. Teves, J.S. (1953)- Bibliography of Philippine geology, mining and mineral resources. Austral. Bur. Min. Res. Bibl. Ser. 1, 155p. Tjia, H.D. (1977)- Geology of Indonesia: publications 1958-1975 and a few earlier publications. Geol. Survey of Indonesia (Direktorat Geologi), Spec. Publ. 5, p. 1-74.


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Verbeek, R.D.M. (1912)- Opgave van geschriften over geologie en mijnbouw van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, 110. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederland en Kol., Geol. Ser. 1, p. 31-248. (Initial volume of bibliography series by Verbeek, listing 2665 titles on geology and mining in and around the Netherlands East Indies until 1912) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1914- 1923)- Opgave van geschriften over geologie en mijnbouw van Nederlandsch OostIndie, 1e tot 10e vervolg. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederland en Kol., Geol. Ser., (10 annual supplements of Verbeek’s bibliography, listing papers 2666-3744 on geology and mining in and around the Netherlands East Indies through 1923) Verbeek, R.D.M. (1924- 1925)- Geologisch-mijnbouwkundige bibliographie van Nederlandsch- Indie 3, 11e en 12e vervolg. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederland en Kol., Geol. Ser., (Supplements 11 and 12 of Verbeek’s bibliography, listing papers 3745- 4062, published in 1924, 1925) Wing Easton, N. (1926-1933)- Geologisch-mijnbouwkundige bibliographie van Nederlandsch- Indie 3, 13e - 20e vervolg. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederland Kol., Geol. Ser. III, p. 45-208. (Continuation of Verbeek series of ‘Netherlands Indies’ geology bibliography, supplements 13-20, listing papers nrs. 3745-5518, published between 1926-1933) Wing Easton, N. (1935-1937)- Geologisch-mijnbouwkundige bibliographie van Nederlandsch- Indie 4, 21e en 22e vervolg. Verhand. Geol. Mijnbouwk. Gen. Nederland Kol., Geol. Ser. (Continuation of Verbeek series of ‘Netherlands Indies’ geology bibliography, supplements 21-22, listing papers nrs. 5519-5959, published 1935, 1937) (Final volume 23e vervolg by Steenhuis 1951)


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Dutch colonial period serials A. Dienst Mijnbouw Nederlands Indie (Netherlands Indies Department of Mines), Bandung a1. Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch Oost-Indië (Vols. 1- 52; 1872-1924) (“Yearbook of the Department of Mines in Netherlands East Indies”). a2. Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch-Indië (Vols. 53- 68; 1925- 1939) (“Yearbook of the Department of Mines in Netherlands Indies”). (Published annually in 2 parts: (technical/administrative, scientific). From vol. 39 (1910) in General part and Transactions (‘Verhandelingen’). From vol. 26 (1897) also periodically separate Atlas volumes (Selected volumes reprinted in 2010 by Nabu Press/ Bibliolife LLC, S. Carolina, USA) b. Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen- Dienst Mijnbouw, Bandung (1924- 1940) (‘Scientific contributions- Mines department’) - 28 issues; mainly on paleontology topics, 3 volumes on petrography - continued as Publikasi Keilmuan, vols. 29-33 in 1955-1957 (Kraeff (1955), Marks (1956, 1957), Osberger (1956), Laufer (1957), etc.) c. De Mijningenieur ('The Mining engineer')- Dienst Mijnbouw, Bandung (1920-1933; vols. 1-14) - short papers on mining and geology in Indonesia, issued by 'Vereeniging van Ingenieurs en Geologen bij den Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indie' d. Vulkanologische Mededeelingen- Dienst Mijnbouw, Bandung (1921-1940) (‘Volcanological contributions- Mines Department’) (13 issues) e. Bulletin of the Netherlands Indies Volcanological Suvey (~1927- 1941) (issues 1-94 + issues 95-98 by Van Bemmelen during Japanese occupation) f. Verslagen en Mededeelingen betreffende Indische delfstoffen en hare toepassingen. (1917-1940) (‘Reports on Indies minerals and their applications’) (23 issues) g. Geological maps produced before 1941: - Geological overview maps Netherlands East Indies Archipelago 1: 1,000,000 (1915-1932) (12 of 21 planned sheets published) - Geologische kaart van Sumatra 1: 200,000 (1927- ; incomplete series; 13 sheets published) - Geologische kaart van Java 1: 100,000 (1927- ; incomplete series; 11 sheets published) B. Other journals with geology papers published in Indonesia 1. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift van Nederlandsch Indie (1850- 1940, vols. 1-100), Batavia (‘Journal of Natural Sciences of Netherlands Indies’) - Natural history journal, and main journal for Indonesia geology papers in late 1800’s - Selected issues digitized and online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/13350 Continued as: - Natuurwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift van Nederlandsch Indie (1941-1942, vols. 101-102) - Chronica Naturae (1947- 1950; vols. 103-106) - Indonesian Journal for Natural Science/ Madjalah Ilmu Alam untuk Indonesia (1951- 1957; vols. 107-113) 2. De Mijningenieur ('The Mining Engineer') (1920-1933) - Published by 'Vereeniging van Ingenieurs en Geologen bij den Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlands Oost-Indie', Bandung - continued as 'De Ingenieur in Nederlandsch-Indie' ('The engineer in Netherlands Indies'), 1934-1941.


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C. Journals containing papers on Indonesia geology, published in The Netherlands 1. Geologie en Mijnbouw (now: Netherlands Journal of Geoscience), Netherlands Geological and Mining Society, Delft 2. Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch en Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap (“Transactions of the Royal Netherlands Geological and Mining Society”), Delft 3. Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap (since 1876) ('Journal of the Royal Netherlands Geographic Society') 4. Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichsmuseums in Leiden (1881- 1924), Leiden Natural History Museum ('Proceedings of the National Geological Museum in Leiden') - after 1925 continued as: ‘Leidsche Geologische Mededeelingen’ and also ‘Scripta Geologica’ 4 Verhandelingen Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam (Proceedings Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences) - most of the 1899-1950 papers available for download at www.digitallibrary.nl or www.dwc.knaw.nl/english/academy/digital-library/..


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XII.3. Links 1. Earth Science organizations AAPG- AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS, Tulsa, USA - Online access to AAPG and IPA papers at http://payperview.datapages.com/data/open/ppv.do - Selected papers and abstracts also online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.net - AAPG Bulletin, AAPG Memoirs CENTER FOR VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL HAZARD MITIGATION, Bandung (Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVG); formerly Volcanological Survey of Indonesia) - Website: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN E AND SE ASIA (CCOP) - United Nations program, based in, Bangkok - CCOP publications since 1967; catalogue at http://www.ccop.or.th/download/pub/list_pub.pdf - Proceedings Annual Meetings, Technical Bulletins, Special Publications, etc. - Website with downloads of selected publications: http://www.ccop.or.th/.. GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY, Yogyakarta - Library website: http://i-lib.ugm.ac.id/jurnal/ GEODYSSEA (Geodynamics of South and South-East Asia) Project SE Asia GPS project Website with results/ reports: http://www.geologie.ens.fr/~vigny/geodyssea-e.html GEOLOGIC DATA SYSTEMS- GDS, Denver, USA - Source for digital geological maps worldwide - Website http://www.geologicdata.com GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON - Journal and book publications online at Lyell collection: www.lyellcollection.org GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA, Kuala Lumpur Website www.gsm.org.my/publications/biblio&index - Bulletin Geological Society of Malaysia (abstracts of papers at //www.gsm.org.my/publications/… some of more recent papers online at http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/ ) - Warta Geologi- Newsletter Geol. Soc. Malaysia GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INDONESIA (Pusat Survei Geologi- PSG), Bandung Jl. Diponegoro 57, Bandung 40122 (formerly Geological Research and Development Centre/ GRDC) - Website: http://www.grdc.esdm.go.id or http://publications.grdc.esdm.go.id - Geological Museum website: http://museum.grdc.esdm.go.id/ - Geological map series Indonesia 1:250,000; Java also 1:100,000 scale Publications (some of more recent journals online at http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/dmdocuments): - GRDC Special Publications 1-38 (1978-2009) - Bulletin Geological Research and Development Centre (1979- ) - GRDC Paleontology Series and Geophysial Series (1981- ) - Jurnal Geologi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Geology) (2006- ) (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=225&Itemid=49) - Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral/ Jurnal Sumber Daya Geologi (J. Geol. Mineral Res.) (1991- ) Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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- Warta Geologi (2006- ) (online at: http://www.bgl.esdm.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=137&Itemid=40) GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA (GA), Canberra, Australia - Formerly Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources (BMR), AGSO, etc. - Website: www.ga.gov.au - Online data bases on Australian wells data - Geoscience Australia Records INDONESIAN GEOLOGISTS ASSOCIATION (Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia, IAGI), Jakarta - Website: www.iagi.or.id/ (restricted access) - Proceedings Annual Conventions (‘Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan xx IAGI’) since 1971 (unfortunately very hard to find) - Newsletter: Warta IAGI - Journal: Geologi Indonesia (Majalah Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia) - Special publications INDONESIAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOPHYSICISTS (HAGI), Jakarta - Website: www.hagi.or.id/ - Proceedings Annual Conventions since 1973 INDONESIAN ASSOCIATION OF SEDIMENTOLOGISTS (FOSI), Jakarta - Website: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/ - Berita Sedimentologi (Journal of Indonesian sedimentology), vols. 1-21 (volumes 20-21 online) - LinkedIn page at www.linkedin.com INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION (IPA), Jakarta - Website: www.ipa.or.id - Proceedings of Annual IPA Conventions since 1972 - Special Publications (Atlas of oil and gas fields, geothermal gradient map, etc.) - Fieldtrip Guidebooks, short courses, etc. INSTITUTE TECHNOLOGY, BANDUNG (ITB), Bandung - Library website: http://digilib.batan.go.id/; restricted access; also at: http://isisnetwork.lib.itb.ac.id/ ) - Bul. Jurusan Geologi ITB (Bulletin Geology Department ITB) - Buletin Geologi, ITB - Jurnal Teknologi Mineral (JTM) (Journal of Mineral Technology, ITB) (abstracts 1994-2007 online at http://www.fttm.itb.ac.id/jtm/index.php) - ITB Journal of Science (with some geology papers; online at: http://journal.itb.ac.id/ ) INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES, Research Center for Geotechnology (LIPI), Bandung - Website: http://www.geotek.lipi.go.id - Online Indonesian Scientific Journal Database: http://isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id/ LEMIGAS (Lembaga Minyak dan Gas Bumi; R&D Centre for Oil and Gas Technology), Jakarta - Website: www.lemigas.esdm.go.id - LEMIGAS Scientific Contributions (limited distribution journal; since 1972) MARINE GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE (Puslitbang Geologi Kelautan), Bandung - Bulletin of Marine Geology (some online at: http://isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id/.. ? ) NATURALIS (National Museum of Natural History), Leiden, Netherlands - Long history of collection and study of fossil and modern fauna and flora in Indonesia


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- Main publication series since late 1800's: Sammlungen Geol. Reichsmuseum Leiden, Scripta Geologica, Zoologische Verhandelingen (many available online) - Website http: www.repository.naturalis.nl OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM (IODP), College Station, Tx, USA - Information on worldwide deep sea drilling programs (but none in Indonesian waters) - Website http://www-odp.tamu.edu/ - Deep Sea Drilling Reports (DSDP) Volumes 1-96 (1968- 1985) - Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Legs 100-210 (1985- 2003) - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Legs 301-321 (2003- now) PETROLEUM EXPLORATION SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA (PESA) - online Australian journals for members at http://www.profdocs.com PGSEA- The Petroleum Geology of SE Asia - Website: www.pgsea.com - Short course on SE Asia petroleum geology by Ian Longley (formerly with Dick Murphy) - Data packages of SE Asia geolocated images, cross-sections, etc. (for sale) PT PATRANUSA DATA (PND), Jakarta - Official government supplier of Indonesia well and seismic data for oil and gas industry - Website: www. http://www.patranusa.com/ - Inameta Journal (information on bid rounds, tender blocks, etc.) (vols. 1-8 online) SEAPEX - SOUTHEAST ASIA PETROLEUM EXPLORATION SOCIETY, Singapore - Website www.seapex.org - Offshore SE Asia Conferences every second year since 1973 - 1976-1994 SEAPEX proceedings online at www.seapex.org/press-list.php (members only) - Special Publications, Short courses - ‘SEAPEX Press’ quarterly newsletter SE ASIA RESEARCH GROUP, ROYAL HOLLOWAY, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK. - Industry-sponsored academic research group, directed by Robert Hall - Website (with selection of papers): http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/.. UPN 'VETERAN' UNIVERSITY, Yogyakarta - Alumni website: http://www.iageoupn.com/ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Denver, etc., USA - Includes petreum system studies on selected Indonesian basins - Website: http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/oilgas/…

2. Other Websites of Interest Archive.org Digital library of older, non-copyrighted books and journals (including some issues of ‘Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen’, 'Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie’, Sarasin Sulawesi books, Junghuhn Java book, etc.) -Website: www.archive.org Biodiversity Heritage Library Digital library of older, non-copyrighted books and journals (including many issues of Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie’, etc.) Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1

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- website: www.biodiversitylibrary.org Delft University of Technology Library - Website: http://www.library.tudelft.nl/ws/index.htm Elsevier Publishing Co, Amsterdam Geoscience journals online for subscribers at: http://www.sciencedirect.com - Journal Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 1986-1996, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 1997- now - Also: Tectonophysics, Earth Science Reviews, Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimaology, Marine Micropaleontology, Marine Geology, Sedimentary Geology, etc., Google Books Many of the older books were wholly or partly digitized and can be read (and some downloaded) online - website: www.google.com/books Japan Science and Technology Agency - Many geology papers published in Japan are available online here - Website: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/archivesearch KITLV- Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal, Land en Volkenkunde (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies), Leiden, Netherlands. - Website: www.kitlv.nl Royal Netherlands Geographic Society (KNAG) - Information on expeditions sponsored to Central Sumatra (1979) and New Guinea (1939, 1959) - Website: http://www.knag-expedities.nl/pages/expedities.php Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam - Dutch colonial historic maps - Website: www.kit.nl Seismic Atlas of SW Asian Basins Website co-ordinated by Herman Darman aiming to be a collection of seismic lines across SE Asia basins - website: http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.com University of Texas Library - Downloadable US Army 1954 1:250,000 Indonesia topographic maps - Website: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/indonesia.html VSA- Virtual Seismic Atlas Library of seismic lines across globe, with some (older) examples from Indonesia - Website: http://see-atlas.leeds.ac.uk:8080/about.jsp Wiley Publishers Geoscience journals online for subscribers at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com (Geophysical Journal International, Journal of Petroleum Geology, Resource Geology, Island Arc, Sedimentology, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, Australian Jounal of Earth Sciences, etc.)


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