"#$%$&'( $)**#++, !" $%&'$%()*+" (*%,)-.*("/ &-./0, "1-2/0341, 5678 !"#$%&'"() +,-(.(/,0 1',2)
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
1
/ &,A(%D(,(%"*&/,"-Z9 (A*>9 )(.(, :(% $(,:")/: E "$-&*")/: */, &,A(-&D(,*&"> !" *"%" ,(D"A&I" )( -" A(*,/-/DN" G" &)/ )&:/-I&(,)/ $/*/ " $/*/ -" $%/'(:" )( B, $"%"N:/ "%A&F&*&"- (, (- *B"- :( :"A&:F"*(, A/)": -": ,(*(:&)")(: GB'",":> 4:N9 $/% (?('$-/9 -" &,:(,:"A" )&:'&,B*&+, )( */:A/: (, ,/'.%( )( -": D",",*&": "%%B&," -" *"-&)") )( 'B*G/: "%AN*B-/:> \ '&(,A%": CB( '&--/,(: )( $(%:/,": (, A/)/ (- 'B,)/ ,/ A&(,(, */'&)"9 A(*G/ ,& A%"."?/9 :( &,I&(%A(, *&(,A/: )( '&-(: )( '&--/,(: *")" "O/ (, "%'"'(,A/: *")" I(H '[: :/F&:A&*")/: E -(A"-(: CB(9 :(DV, :( )&*(9 R":(DB%", -" $"HS> 4:&'&:'/9 -": ,"*&/,(: &D,/%", / )(:*B&)", :B: ,&I(-(: )( *"-&)") "'.&(,A")(.&)/ " CB( :( $&(,:" CB( -/: */,A%/-(: )( $/-B*&+, :/, &,*/'$"A&.-(: */, B," R(*/,/'N" :+-&)"S> !": A%",:F/%'"*&/,(: *B"-&A"A&I": )(- 'B,)/ GB'",/ $%(:(,A", B," D%", I"%&()") )( A('":9 (,A%( -/: CB( :( (,*B(,A%", -/: '[: &,A(%(:",A(: E B%D(,A(: )( ,B(:A%" J$/*"> 5B(:A%/ &,'(,:/ $/)(% *&(,ANF&*/ E AJ*,&*/9 ]$%/)B* &%[ B, 'B,)/ D(,B&,"'(,A( :B$(%&/% "- CB( A(,N"'/: ",A(:^ ]\ ,/: CB()"%('/: (:A",*")/: (, B," "*B'B-"*&+, )( &,,/I"*&/,(: )(:*B&)")": E )(:/%)(,")": CB( )(:A%BE(, '[: )( -/ CB( '(?/%",^ !": $%(DB,A": )( (:A( A&$/ :/, FB,)"'(,A"-(: $"%" -/: ",[-&:&: '[: $(,(A%",A(: )( ,B(:A%" "*AB"- *B-AB%" &,5()4)#'&"> K%(DB,A": " -": CB( 2B::(-- "'"D" %(:$/,)(% */, :B $(%:/,"- *%NA&*" )( -" R$(%:$(*A&I" *&(,ANF&*"S E )( -" :/*&()") A(*,&F&*")" /%&D&,")" (, (--">
!/ CB( :&DB( (: B, %(:B'(, *"$NAB-/ $/% *"$NAB-/ )(- *&A")/ -&.%/ )( 0(%A%",) 2B::(-G(*G/ " .":( )( *&A": )(- '&:'/>
2
='%$>()??=@' R6(*&% CB( I&I&'/: (, -" ()") )( -" *&(,*&" (: B, -BD"% */'V,> !" *&(,*&" */'/ F"*A/% )( -" I&)" GB'"," (: 'BE %(*&(,A(_*/'&(,H" */, L"-&-(/ E9 $/% */,:&DB&(,A( (@&:A( )(:)( B,/: A%(:*&(,A/: "O/:_1, (:( .%(I( A&('$/ G" *"B:")/ '"E/%(: *"'.&/: CB( -/: /*B%%&)/: )(:)( -/: )N": )( -/: ",A&DB/: (D&$*&/:S>T`U
!
R!" *&(,*&"9 */'/ :B ,/'.%( &,)&*"9 (:9 (, $%&'(% -BD"%9 */,/*&'&(,A/_7, */,/*&'&(,A/ CB( .B:*" -(E(: D(,(%"-(: %(-"*&/,",)/ *&(%A/: G(*G/: $"%A&*B-"%(:> L%")B"-'(,A(9 :&, ('."%D/9 (- ":$(*A/ )( -" *&(,*&" */'/ */,/*&'&(,A/ (: )(:$-"H")/ " :(DB,)/ AJ%'&,/ $/% (- ":$(*A/ )( -" *&(,*&" */'/ $/)(% ' ",&$B-")/%STaU> R!" *&(,*&" */'/ AJ*,&*" A&(,( B," */,:(*B(,*&"9 " :".(%Q CB( G"*( $/:&.-(: E "B, ,(*(:"%&": ,B(I": F/%'": )( :/*&()") GB'","STab
R4- */,:&)(%"% -" &,F-B(,*&" )( -" *&(,*&" :/.%( -" I&)" GB'","9 A(,('/: CB( */,:&)(%"% A%(: ":$(*A/: '[: / '(,/: (,-"H")/: (,A%( :N> 1- $&*0%&1 (: -" ,"AB%"-(H" E /.?(A/ )(- */,/*&'&(,A/ *&(,ANF&*/c (- '%23,41 (: (- '"E/% $/)(% )( '",&$B-"*&+, CB( :( )(%&I" )( -" AJ*,&*" *&(,ANF&*"c (- )%&(%&1 :/, -/: *"'.&/: (, -" I&)" :/*&"- E (, -": &,:A&AB*&/,(: A%")&*&/,"-(: CB( %(:B-A", )( -": ,B(I": F/%'": )( /%D",&H"*&+, (@&D&)": $/% -" AJ*,&*" *&(,ANF&*"ST
RK"%" CB( B," .B(," *&I&-&H"*&+, :(" B," .B(," *&I&-&H"*&+,9 (: ,(*(:"%&/ CB( ("B'(,A/ )( */,/*&'&(,A/ I"E" "*/'$"O")/ )( B, "B'(,A/ )( :".&)B%N"> 1,A&(,)/ $/% :".&)B%N" B," */,*($*&+, ?B:A" )( -/: F&,(: )( -" I&)"> 1:A/ (: "-D/ CB( -" *&(,*&" $/% :N '&:'" ,/ $%/$/%*&/,"ST
Los números entre paréntesis remiten a la página del libro BERTRAND RUSSELL, La perspectiva científica, Ariel, Barcelona, 1975. !
3
A-.'>?=C=#'%> ?=#'%DE=?>
P"$NAB-/ K2dM12\Q 92,:4#)% /, :;&)/) 5',(&78'5)
R!" "*A&AB) *&(,ANF&*" (: (, *&(%A/ '/)/ ,/ ,"AB%"- (, (- G/'.%(ST;eU> R7," /$&,&+, *&(,ANF&*" (: "CB(--" $"%" -" *B"- G"E "-DB," %"H+, )( *%((%-" I(%)")(%"> K%(*&:"'(,A( ,B(:A%" (%" :( )&:A&,DB( )( A/)": -": ",A(%&/%(: "- :&D-/ fgdd $/% (- G(*G/ )( CB( "-DB,": )( ,B(:A%": /$&,&/,(: :/, *&(,ANF&*": (, (- :(,A&)/ ",A(: (@$%(:")/S>T;hU R1- 'JA/)/ *&(,ANF&*/9 A"- */'/ -/ (,A(,)('/:9 "$"%(*( (, (- 'B,)/ */, L"-&-(/ T;hieb;iejU9 E (, '(,/% D%")/9 */, :B */,A('$/%[,(/ kJ$-(% T;h`;b;i=lU> 1--/: $":"%/, )( -" /.:(%I"*&+, )( G(*G/: $"%A&*B-"%(: "- (:A".-(*&'&(,A/ )( -(E(: *B",A&A"A&I": %&DB%/:":9 $/% '()&/ )( -": *B"-(: -/: G(*G/: $"%A&*B-"%(: FBAB%/: $/)N", :(% $%()&*G/:S> Tjlbj;U R1- */,F-&*A/ (,A%( L"-&-(/ E -" d,CB&:&*&+, ,/ (: '(%"'(,A( (- */,F-&*A/ (,A%( (-&.%( $(,:"'&(,A/ E (- F","A&:'/9 / (,A%( -" *&(,*&" E -" %(-&D&+,c (: ")('[: B, */,F-&*A/ (,A%( (- (:$N%&AB )( &,)B**&+, m'/)(%,/n E (- (:$N%&AB )( )()B**&+, m",A&DB/ E '()&(I"-nS>TjaU !/: CB( *%((, (, -" )()B**&+, */'/ 'JA/)/ $"%" --(D"% "- */,/*&'&(,A/ :( I(, /.-&D")/: " A/'"% :B: $%('&:": )( "-DB," $"%A(9 D(,(%"-'(,A( B, -&.%/ :"D%")/c $(%/ ,B,*" :( "A%(I(%[, " /.:(%I"% "CB(--/ CB( */, B, :&'$-( '&%"% I(%N",9 $B(: -/: :(,A&)/: :/, $"%" (--/: FB(,A( )( "$"%&(,*&": E (%%/%(:9 E :/.%( A/)/9 ,/ %"*&/,"-(:> R4B,CB( -/: <-'(5'4'" )( 5(oA/, */,:(%I", -" F/%'" )()B*A&I"9 &,"BDB%")" $/% -/: D%&(D/:9 :B (:$N%&AB (: )(- A/)/ )&F(%(,A( )(- )( -" *&(,*&" D%&(D"9 A/)" I(H CB( -" -(E )( -" D%"I&A"*&+,9 CB( (: B," )( :B: $%('&:":9 ,/ (: :B$B(:A" */'/ (I&)(,A( $/% :N '&:'"9 :&,/ CB( :( --(D" " (--" &,)B*A&I"'(,A(9 " $"%A&% )( -": -(E(: )( kJ$-(%> 1- -&.%/9 $/% (:/9 &-B:A%" (- 'JA/)/ *&(,ANF&*/ )( -" F/%'" &)("-> 6( -" /.:(%I"*&+, )( G(*G/: 4
$"%A&*B-"%(: --(D" $/% &,)B**&+, " B," -(E D(,(%"-9 E $/% )()B**&+, )( -" -(E D(,(%"- :/, &,F(%&)/: -/: G(*G/: $"%A&*B-"%(:S>T==U RpB&H[: (, :B V-A&'" $(%F(**&+, A/)" *&(,*&" :(%[ '"A('[A&*" m)()B*A&I"nc $(%/9 '&(,A%": A",A/9 (@&:A(, I":A/: *"'$/: (, -/: CB( -": '"A('[A&*": "$(,": $B()(, "$-&*"%:(9 E (, (--/: G", )( :(% %("-&H")": "-DB,": )( -": '[: &'$/%A",A(: G"H"O": )( -" *&(,*&" '/)(%,"_K/)('/: A/'"% -" /.%" )( 6"%o&, */'/ %($%(:(,A"A&I" )( -": *&(,*&": ,/ '"A('[A&*":S>T=eU R!" /.%" )( 6"%o&, $%/$/%*&/," B, (?('$-/ )( -/ CB( (: (:(,*&"- (, (- 'JA/)/ *&(,ANF&*/9 " :".(%Q :B:A&AB&% */, -(E(: D(,(%"-(:9 .":")": (, -" (@$(%&(,*&"9 -/: *B(,A/: )( G")": &,I(,A")/: $/% B," F",A":N" "*B*&")" $/% (- "F[, )( %("-&H"% :B: )(:(/:> !/: :(%(: GB'",/: (,*B(,A%", )&FN*&-9 (, A/)": -": (:F(%":9 .":"% :B: /$&,&/,(: '[: (, $%B(.": CB( (, -": $%/$&": (:$(%",H":_ 1- 'JA/)/ *&(,ANF&*/ "$"%A" " B, -")/ ,B(:A%/: )(:(/: ( &,A(,A" --(D"% " /$&,&/,(: (, -": CB( -/: )(:(/: ,/ &,A(%I&(,(,S>T=`U
P"$NAB-/ 81L756\Q ="-"5&,-7%&'5"% /,# :;&)/) 5',(&78'5) RK"%" --(D"% " (:A".-(*(% B," -(E *&(,ANF&*" (@&:A(, A%(: (A"$": $%&,*&$"-(:Q -" $%&'(%" */,:&:A( (, /.:(%I"% -/: G(*G/: :&D,&F&*"A&I/:c -" :(DB,)"9 (, :(,A"% G&$+A(:&: CB(9 :& :/, I(%)")(%":9 (@$-&CB(, "CB(--/: G(*G/:c -" A(%*(%"9 (, )()B*&% )( (:A": G&$+A(:&: */,:(*B(,*&": CB( $B()", :(% $B(:A": " $%B(." $/% -" /.:(%I"*&+,> 8& -": */,:(*B(,*&": :/, I(%&F&*")": :( "*($A" $%/I&:&/,"-'(,A( -" G&$+A(:&: */'/ I(%)")(%"_ R!" V,&*" *&(,*&" CB( G":A" "G/%" :( G" "$%/@&'")/9 (, *&(%A/ '/)/9 " (:" $(%F(**&+, (: -" FN:&*"S>TeabeThhU
5
R1- $"$(- CB( )(:('$(O", -" '()&)" E -" *",A&)") (, -" *&(,*&" (: 'BE D%",)(9 $(%/ " I(*(: :( G" (@"D(%")/> !" AJ*,&*" '"A('[A&*" (: $/)(%/:"9 E -/: G/'.%(: )( *&(,*&" (:A[, ,"AB%"-'(,A( ",:&/:/: )( "$-&*"%-" :&('$%( CB( :(" $/:&.-(c $(%/ B," -(E $B()( :(% 'BE *&(,ANF&*" :&, :(% *B",A&A"A&I"> !": -(E(: )( K"I-/I %(F(%(,A(: " -/: %(F-(?/: */,)&*&/,")/: $B()(, :(%I&% )( &-B:A%"*&+,S>ThhU R7," I(,A"?" )( -" $%(*&:&+, *B",A&A"A&I"9 )/,)( (--" (: $/:&.-(9 (: CB( )" 'B*G" F/%A"-(H" " -/: "%DB'(,A/: &,)B*A&I/:S>ThiU R3/)": -": -(E(: *&(,ANF&*" )(:*",:", :/.%( -" &,)B**&+,c -" *B"-9 */,:&)(%")" */'/ B, $%/*(:/ -+D&*/9 (:A[ ".&(%A" " -" )B)"9 E ,/ (: *"$"H )( )"% *(%A(H"S>Th`U
P"$NAB-/ 312P12\Q 3':'&"5')(,% /,# :;&)/) 5',(&78'5) R3/)/ (- */,/*&'&(,A/ CB( $/:(('/: (:9 / */,/*&'&(,A/ )( G(*G/: $"%A&*B-"%(:9 / */,/*&'&(,A/ *&(,ANF&*/S> TilU R!": -&'&A"*&/,(: )(- 'JA/)/ *&(,ANF&*/ $B()(, :(% *-":&F&*")": (, A%(: D%B$/:Q ;U -" )B)" %(:$(*A/ " -" I"-&)(H )( -" &,)B**&+,c jU -" )&F&*B-A") )( :"*"% &,F(%(,*&": )( -/ CB( G" :&)/ (@$(%&'(,A")/ " -/ CB( ,/ -/ G" :&)/c E =U "B, ")'&A&(,)/ CB( $B()" G".(% &,F(%(,*&" " -/ CB( ,/ G" :&)/ (@$(%&'(,A")/9 :B.:&:A( (- G(*G/ )( CB( A"- &,F(%(,*&" $B()( :(% )( B, *"%[*A(% (@A%('")"'(,A( ".:A%"*A/9 E )J9 $/% */,:&DB&(,A(9 '(,/: &,F/%'"*&+, )( -" CB( %(:B-A" *B",)/ :( ('$-(" (- -(,DB"?( /%)&,"%&/S>Ti=U ;U d567PPdq5Q R1, *&(,*&" :&('$%( "%Dr&'/: CB( $B(:A/ CB( -/: G(*G/: /.:(%I")/: /.()(*(, " *&(%A": -(E(:9 /A%/: G(*G/: (, -" '&:'" %(D&+, /.()(*(%[, " -": '&:'": -(E(:S> Ti=U RKB()( G".(% %"H/,(: I[-&)": $"%" *%((% (, -" &,)B**&+,9 E (, %("-&)")9 ,")&( $B()( )B)"% )( (--/c $(%/ G"E CB( */,I(,&% CB(9 (, A(/%N"9 -" &,)B**&+, :&DB( :&(,)/ B, $%/.-('" )( -+D&*" ,/ %(:B(-A/> P/'/ (:A" )B)"9 :&, ('."%D/9 "F(*A" $%[*A&*"'(,A( "*/,?B,A/ )( ,B(:A%/ */,/*&'&(,A/9 )(.('/: $%(:*&,)&% )( (--"9 E )"% $/% :(,A")/ 6
$%"D'[A&*"'(,A( CB( (- $%/*()&'&(,A/ &,)B*A&I/9 */, -" ")(*B")" *"BA(-"9 (: ")'&:&.-(S>TieU jU d5s1215Pd48 61 !\ p71 5\ 183t 1fK12dM15346\Q R]u"E "-DV, '()&/ )( $%/."% CB( (@&:A(, :B*(:/: )&:A&,A/: )( "CB(--/: CB( B,/ '&:'/ (@$(%&'(,A"^_1- G(*G/ (: CB( -" *&(,*&" *"'&," *"%D")" */, D%", *",A&)") )( -/ CB( 8",A"E"," --"'" YF( ",&'"-Z_ CB( (: -" CB( *"$"*&A" " -/: FN:&*/: $"%" *%((% (, ('B,)/ )( -" '"A(%&"S> Tiibi`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u":A" CB( :( $%(:(,A( B," */,A(:A"*&+, (, B, :(,A&)/ / (, /A%/9 -": *B(:A&+, CB()" (, $&(9 E ,B(:A%" F( (, (- 'B,)/ (@A(%,/ )(.( :(% '(%"'(,A(YF( ",&'"-ZS> TiaU =U !\ 408324P3\ 61 !4 sv8dP4Q R1- -(,DB"?( /%)&,"%&/ (: )(- A/)/ &,")'&:&.-( $"%" (@$%(:"% -/ CB( -" FN:&*" "F&%'" %("-'(,A(9 E" CB( -": $"-".%": )( B:/ */%%&(,A( ,/ :/, :BF&*&(,A('(,A( ".:A%"*A":> 8+-/ -": '"A('[A&*": E -" -+D&*" '"A('[A&*" $B()(, )(*&% "-D/ )( -/ CB( (- FN:&*/ CB&(%( )(*&%S> Ti 4G/%" .&(,9 (- $/)(% (: B, */,*($A/ *"B:"-9 E $"%" /.A(,(% $/)(% :/.%( B, '"A(%&"- )")/9 :+-/ :( ,(*(:&A" */,/*(% -": -(E(: *"B:"-(: " -": CB( (:A[ :/'(A&)/> 1:A" (: B," *B(:A&+, (:(,*&"-'(,A( ".:A%"*A"S>T`lU
7
P"$NAB-/ P7423\Q >,&"87%'5" 5',(&78'5" R1: B, G(*G/ *B%&/:/ CB( *B",)/ ?B:A"'(,A( (- G/'.%( )( -" *"--( G" */'(,H")/ " *%((% )(- A/)/ (, -" *&(,*&"9 (- G/'.%( )( -"./%"A/%&/ G" */'(,H")/ " $(%)(% :B F( (, (--"S> T`;U R!/: :&D-/: fgddd E fdf ABI&(%/, B," F&-/:/FN" )( -" -(E ,"AB%"-9 .":")" (, 5(oA/,> 8( :B$/,N" CB( -" -(E &'$-&*"." B, -(D&:-")/%9 "B,CB( " '()&)" CB( (- A&('$/ "I",H"."9 (:A" :B$/:&*&+, &." :&(,)/ '(,/: :B.%"E")"> 1, A/)/ *":/9 (- B,&I(%:/ (:A"." /%)(,")/ E $/)N", $%/,/:A&*"%:( :B: F(,+'(,/:> 4- "I(%&DB"% -": -(E(: )( -" ,"AB%"-(H" $/)N"'/: (:$(%"% '",&$B-"% -" ,"AB%"-(H"9 E ":N -" *&(,*&" :( G&H/ (- /%&D(, )(- $/)(%> w:A" (: "V, -" $(%:$(*A&I" )( -" '"E/%N" )( -/: G/'.%(: $%[*A&*"'(,A( "*A&I/:c $(%/ ,/ (: E" -" )( "-DB,/: G/'.%(: )( *&(,*&"> 1- 'B,)/9 :(DV, (--/:9 (: B, ":B,A/ '[: */,FB:/ )( -/ CB( :( G".N" $(,:")/> x :".(, 'B*G/ '(,/: )( J- )( -/ CB( :B: $%()(*(:/%(: )( -/: :&D-/: fgddd E fdf *%(N", :".(% mB, (?('$-/ )( (:A( (:*($A&*&:'/ )( -/: *&(,ANF&*/: (: (- --"'")/ Y$%&,*&$&/ )( &,)(A(%'&,"*&+,ZnS> T`aU R!/: F&-+:/F/: "*")J'&*/: G", *%(N)/9 )(:)( -" J$/*" )( K"%'J,&)(:9 CB( ('B,)/ (: B," B,&)")_8&, ('."%D/9 (:A/ %(:B-A" $"%" 'N &,")'&:&.-(> P%(/ CB( (B,&I(%:/ (: B, (,?"'.%( )( $B,A/: E :"-A/:9 :&, B,&)")9 :&, */,A&,B&)")9 :&, */G(%(,*&"9 ,& /%)(,S> T` TalU RM&(,A%": -" *&(,*&" */'/ $(%:(*B*&+, )(- $/)(% A%&B,F" *")" I(H '[:9 -" *&(,*&" */'/ $(%:(*B*&+, )( -" I(%)") (:A[ :&(,)/ '"A")" $/% (- (:*($A&*&:'/ CB( -" G".&-&)")
8
)(- G/'.%( )( *&(,*&" G" (,D(,)%")/_1- (:*($A&*&:'/ $B()( :(% )/-/%/:/ E $B()( :(% (:AJ%&-9 $(%/ (:9 $/% -/ '(,/:9 G/,%")/ E -/ (,D(,)%" -" .V:CB()" )( -" I(%)")S> Ta=U
P"$NAB-/ p7d53\Q =',(5'" ? -,#'@'A( R1, A&('$/: %(*&(,A(:9 -" '"E/%N" )( -/: FN:&*/: ('&,(,A(: E B, *&(%A/ ,V'(%/ )( ('&,(,A(: .&+-/D/: G", G(*G/ )(*-"%"*&/,(:9 "F&%'",)/ CB( -/: "I",*(: V-A&'/: (, -" *&(,*&" )(:"$%B(.", (- I&(?/ '"A(%&"-&:'/ E A&(,)(, " %(:A".-(*(% -": I(%)")(: )( -" %(-&D&+,S> TaeU Ru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lab;l
9
*/FG4H1 A1-:/B +& %I?'=?& ?=#'%DE=?&
P"$NAB-/ 81f3\Q =):',(0)% /, #" &;5('5" 5',(&78'5" R!" *&(,*&" */'/ */,/*&'&(,A/ "I",H+ 'BE %[$&)"'(,A( )B%",A( A/)/ (- :&D-/ fgdd E (- fgdddc $(%/ :+-/ G"*&" F&,"-(: )(- fgddd */'(,H+ " &,F-B&% (, -" AJ*,&*" )( -" $%/)B**&+,S> T;;iU R3/)" -" I&)" '/)(%," (:A[ FB,)")" (, (- J@&A/ $%[*A&*/ )( -" *&(,*&"c $/% -/ '(,/:9 (, -/ CB( :( %(F&(%( "- 'B,)/ &,",&'")/> u":A" "G/%" G" A(,&)/ '(,/: J@&A/ (, -": "$-&*"*&/,(: )&%(*A": "- G/'.%(9 E "V, A%/$&(H" */, -" /$/:&*&+, )(%&I")" )( -": *%((,*&": A%")&*&/,"-(:S> T;;aU R!" *"%"*A(%N:A&*" (:(,*&"- )( -" AJ*,&*" *&(,ANF&*" (: CB( $%/*()( )((@$(%&'(,A/ E ,/ )( -" A%")&*&+,> 1- G[.&A/ (@$(%&'(,A"- ( -" &,A(-&D(,*&" (: )&FN*&- )( */,:(%I"% $"%" -" '"E/%N" )( -" D(,A(c (, %("-&)")9 -" *&(,*&" )( B," D(,(%"*&+, :( A%",:F/%'" (, -" A%")&*&+, $"%" -" :&DB&(,A(c E (@&:A(, "V, (@A(,:/:9 (:$(*&"-'(,A( (- )( -" %(-&D&+,9 (, -/: CB( "$(,": G" $(,(A%")/ (- (:$N%&AB (@$(%&'(,A"-> 8&, ('."%D/9 (: J:A( (- (:$N%&AB *"%"*A(%N:A&*/ )( -/: A&('$/: '/)(%,/:9 (, */,A%":A( */, A/)": -": ()")(: $%&'&A&I":c E (: $/% *"B:" )( (:A( (:$N%&AB $/% -/ CB( (- $/)(% )(- G/'.%(9 (, %(-"*&+, */, :B '()&/ "'.&(,A(9 :( G" G(*G/9 )B%",A( -/: V-A&'/: *&(,A/ *&,*B(,A" "O/:9 &,*/,'(,:B%".-('(,A( '"E/% CB( -/ FB( (, -" *&I&-&H"*&+, )(- $":")/S> T;;
P"$NAB-/ 8wK3dM\Q 3" &;5('5" ,( #" ("&$-"#,0" '("(':"/" Ru":A" A&('$/: %(*&(,A(:9 (- '()&/ "'.&(,A( FN:&*/ (%" "-D/ CB( A(,N" CB( :(% "*($A")/ $"%" :"*"% )( J- (- ' "E/% $"%A&)/ $/:&.-(_K"%" (- G/'.%( '/)(%,/ :B '()&/ "'.&(,A( (: :&'$-('(,A( B," $%&'(%" '"A(%&"9 B," /$/%AB,&)") $"%" '",&$B-"%_4 -" '(,A( AN$&*" '/)(%," ,")" -( &,A(%(:" $/% :N9 :&,/ $/% -/ CB( $B()( G"*(%:( */, (/.?(A/ */,:&)(%")/> !": *"%"*A(%N:A&*": &'$/%A",A(: )( -": */:":9 )(:)( (:A( $B,A/ )( 10
I&:A"9 ,/ :/, :B: *B"-&)")(: &,A%N,:(*":9 :&,/ :B: B:/:_!" '",&$B-"*&+, E -" (@$-/A"*&+, :/, -": $":&/,(: )/'&,",A(: )(- &,)B:A%&"- *&(,ANF&*/ AN$&*/S> T;jeb;jhU
P"$NAB-/ \P34g\Q 3" &;5('5" ,( B')#)@7" R1, A&('$/: %(*&(,A(:9 -" *&(,*&" .&/-+D&*" G" ")CB&%&)/ B," &'$/%A",*&" *")" I(H '"E/% (, %(-"*&+, */, (- :B'&,&:A%/ )( "-&'(,A/:S> T;j`b;jaU R1, -" "*AB"-&)") -" $%/)B**&+, )( F(%A&-&H",A(: )( ,&A%+D(,/ (:9 (, D(,(%"-9 '[: I(,A"?/:"9 (, %(-"*&+, */, (- :B'&,&:A%/ )( "-&'(,A/ 'B,)&"-9 CB( -" "$(%AB%" )( ,B(I": A&(%%": $/% '()&/ )(- F(%%/*"%%&- / )( -/: %&(D/:> 1:A( (?('$-/ )( -" "$-&*"*&+, )( -" *&(,*&" " -" "D%&*B-AB%" (: &,A(%(:",A(9 $/%CB( %(CB&(%( (- */,*B%:/ )( -" CBN'&*" /%D[,&*" ( &,/%D[,&*"9 ":N */'/ B, (:AB)&/ *B&)")/:/ )(- *&*-/ */'$-(A/ )( -" I&)" )( ",&'"-(: E $-",A":S> T;=lU R7, *"'$/ 'BE &,A(%(:",A( $"%" -" &,I(:A&D"*&+, *&(,ANF&*" (: (- %(-"*&/,")/ */, (- (@A(%'&,&/ )( -": $-"D":> !" '"E/%N" )( J:A": :/, $%/)B*&)": $/: &,:(*A/: B G/,D/:9 E :/.%( "'./: :( G", -/D%")/ /.A(,(% 'B*G/: )"A/: E *&(%A/ $/)(% (, "O/: %(*&(,A(:S> T;=lU R1@&:A(, )/: 'JA/)/: )&:A&,A/: $"%" )/'&,"% -": $-"D": )(.&)": " -/: &,:(*A/:Q :/, (- 'JA/)/ FN:&*/bCBN'&*/ E (- .&/-+D&*/> 1- $%&'(%/ */,:&:A( /%)&,"%&"'(,A( (, -" FB'&D"*&+,> 1- :(DB,)/9 CB( *&(,ANF&*"'(,A( (: (- '[: &,A(%(:",A(9 */,:&:A( (, ()(:*B.%&'&(,A/ )( $"%[:&A/: CB( G"D", $%(:" (, -/: &,:(*A/: )(:A%B*A&I/:S> T;=;U R\A%" )&%(**&+, (, -" CB( -" AJ*,&*" .&/-+D&*" (: $%/.".-( CB( ")CB&(%" D%", &'$/%A",*&"9 (: -" *%&",H" *&(,ANF&*"> !" :(-(**&+, "%A&F&*&"- :( G" "$-&*")/ $/% (- G/'.%( )(:)( 'BE ",A&DB/ " -": $-",A": E -/: ",&'"-(: )/'J:A&*/: E G" $%/)B*&)/ %(:B-A")/: ,/A".-(:S> T;==U
P"$NAB-/ 5\g15\Q 3" &;5('5" ,( 8'%')#)@7" 11
R8& -" *&(,*&" */,A&,V" $%/D%(:",)/ A", )( $%&:" */'/ G" $%/D%(:")/ %(*&(,A('(,A(9 ",A(: )( F&,"-&H"% -" "*AB"- *(,AB%&" $/)('/: (:$(%"% CB( :( )(:*B.%", '()&/: )( &,F-B&% .(,(F&*&/:"'(,A( (, (- ('.%&+, GB'",/9 ,/ :+-/ */, %(-"*&+, " "CB(--/: *"%"*A(%(: ")CB&%&)/: CB( ,/ $B()(, :(% G(%()")/: $/%CB( ,/ "F(*A", " -/: *%/'/:/'":9 :&,/ A"'.&J, */, %(-"*&+, " -/: $%/$&/: *%/'/:/'":S> T;ejU
P"$NAB-/ 6wPdM\Q 3" &;5('5" ,( <%'5)#)@7" R3/)/ (- $(,:"% *&(,ANF&*/ '/)(%,/ (:9 (, (- F/,)/9 $(,:"'&(,A/ )( $/)(%N/c (&'$B-:/ FB,)"'(,A"- GB'",/ " CB( %(*B%%( -" *&(,*&" (: (- "'/% )(- $/)(% /9 $"%" (@$%(:"%-/ (, /A%": $"-".%":9 (- )(:(/ )( :(% -" *"B:" )( (F(*A/: A", D%",)(: E ,B'(%/:/: */'/ :(" $/:&.-(S> T;ehU R1@&:A(, (, $:&*/-/DN" )/: AJ*,&*": '/)(%,":9 CB( :/, '[: / '(,/: ",A"D+,&*":Q -" AJ*,&*" )( s%(B) E -" AJ*,&*" )( K"I-/I_ s%(B) $"%A( )( )(:(/: FB,)"'(,A"-(:9 A"-(: */'/ (- &'$B-:/ :(@B"-9 CB( */,*&.( .B:*",)/ B," :"-&)"9 E" (, B," )&%(**&+,9 E" (, /A%"> 1- B,C"6')$-'%:) Ty*/,)B*A&:'/U $"%A( )( B, "$"%"A/ )( %(F-(?/: E (- $%/*(:/ )( */,)&*&/,"%-/:> 5/ G"E CB&H[ A",A" )&F(%(,*&" */'/ $"%(*(> 1%(F-(?/ */%%(:$/,)( "$%/@&'")"'(,A( " -/: )(:(/: FB,)"'(,A"-(: )( s%(B)9 E ($%/*(:/ )( */,)&*&/,"%-/:9 " -" .B:*" )( )&I(%:": :"-&)":S> T;e` E ;h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h=U
12
P"$NAB-/ 756wPdM\Q 3" &;5('5" ,( #" %)5',/"/ R1- (F(*A/ :/*&"- )( -" AJ*,&*" '/)(%," *&(,ANF&*" :( A%")B*( (, B, "B'(,A/ (, (A"'"O/ ( &,A(,:&)") )( -" /%D",&H"*&+, :/*&"-> PB",)/ G".-/ )( &,A(,:&)") )( /%D",&H"*&+, '( %(F&(%/ " -" $%/$/%*&+, )( -": "*A&I&)")(: )(- G/'.%( CB( (:A[ %(D&)" $/% (- G(*G/ )( $(%A(,(*(% J:A( " "-DB," B,&)") :/*&"-S> T;i=b;ieU
13
A1-:/ %/-2/-1B +& *>?=#(&( ?=#'%DE=?&
P"$NAB-/ 6wPdM\81L756\Q !)5',/"/,% 5-,"/"% "-&'8'5'"#:,(&, R5&,DB," :/*&()") $B()( :(% */,:&)(%")" */'/ )(- A/)/ *&(,ANF&*" " ,/ :(% CB( G"E" :&)/ *%(")"9 )(-&.(%")"'(,A(9 */, B, *&(%A" (:A%B*AB%"9 $"%" *B'$-&% *&(%A/: F&,(:_K(%/ " '()&)" CB( ,/: "$%/@&'"'/: " -/: A&('$/: '/)(%,/:9 -/: *"'.&/: $%/)B*&)/: )(-&.(%")"'(,A( (, -" (:A%B*AB%" :/*&"- :( G"*(, '"E/%(:> w:A( (: (- *":/ (:$(*&"- )( -": %(I/-B*&/,(:> !" 2(I/-B*&+, "'(%&*"," E -" 2(I/-B*&+, F%",*(:" *%("%/, &,A(,*&/,")"'(,A( *&(%A": :/*&()")(:S> T;i`b;iaU R1- $-"*(% )( $%/E(*A"% B," */,:A%B**&+, (: B,/ )( -/: '/A&I/: $/)(%/:/: CB( &,*&A", " -/: G/'.%(: " */'.&,"% -" &,A(-&D(,*&" */, -" (,(%DN"c :&('$%( CB( $B()" */,:A%B&%:( "-D/ */, "%%(D-/ " B, $-",9 -/: G/'.%(: A%"A"%[, )( */,:A%B&%-/S> T;i 8& G" )( :/.%(I&I&% B, 'B,)/ *&(,ANF&*/9 (: ,(*(:"%&/ $"%" (--/ CB( -/: G/'.%(: :( G"D", '[: )+*&-(: )( -/ CB( G", :&)/ G":A" "G/%"> 1- *%&'&,"- (:$-J,)&)/ )(.( )(?"% )( :(% B, &)("-9 E -" :B'&:&+, A(,)%[ CB( :(% '[: ")'&%")" CB( -/ FB( (, (- $":")/> P/, A/)/ (--/ D","%('/: / $(%)(%('/:> 2(.":" -/: -N'&A(: )(- $/)(% GB'",/ (- DB"%)"% (- (CB&-&.%&/ )( -" ."-",H" (,A%( -/: )/: (@A%('/:S> T;`iU
P"$NAB-/ 6wPdM\312P12\Q 9# '(/'6'/$) ? ,# 5)(2$(&) R1- :&D-/ fdf G" :BF%&)/ -": */,:(*B(,*&": )( B," *B%&/:" )&I& :&+, (,A%( :B: &)(": $/-NA&*": E :B $%[*A&*" (*/,+'&*"> 1, $/-NA&*" :&DB&+ -": &)(": -&.(%"-(: )( !/*z( E 2/B::("B9 CB( FB(%/, ")"$A")": " B," :/*&()") )( $(CB(O/: $%/$&(A"%&/: "D%&*B-A/%(:> 8B -('" FB(Q !&.(%A") ( dDB"-)")> K(%/9 '&(,A%": A",A/9 (:A"." &,I(,A",)/ -" AJ*,&*" CB(
14
*/,)B*( "- :&D-/ ff " -" )(:A%B**&+, )( -" -&.(%A") E " %(('$-"H"% -" &DB"-)") $/% ,B(I": F/%'": )( /-&D"%CBN"S> T;``U R!" )&:'&,B*&+, )( -" -&.(%A") &,)&I&)B"- CB( G" A(,&)/ -BD"% )B%",A( -/: V-A&'/: I(&,A( "O/: (: $%/.".-( CB( */,A&,V"9 E" CB( )($(,)( )( )/: *"B:": $(%:&:A(,A(:> K/% B, -")/9 -" AJ*,&*" '/)(%," G"*( '[: /%D[,&*" -" :/*&()")c $/% /A%/9 -" '/)(%," :/*&/-/DN" G"*( " -/: G/'.%(: '[: E '[: (,A(%")/: )( -": -(E(: *"B:"-(: (, I&%AB) )( -": *B"-(: -/: "*A/: )( B, G/'.%( :/, VA&-(: / $(%?B)&*&"-(: $"%" /A%/ G/'.%(> 8& G('/: )( ?B:A&F&*"% *B"-CB&(% F/%'" $"%A&*B-"% )( -&.(%A") &,)&I&)B"- (, -" :/*&()") *&(,ANF&*" )(FBAB%/9 A(,)%('/: CB( G"*(%-/ :/.%( -" .":( )( CB( -" F/%'" )( -&.(%A") (: $"%" (- .&(, )( -" :/*&()") */'/ */,?B,A/S> T;`ab;` K/% (:A" *"B:"9 -" AJ*,&*" *&(,ANF&*" (: $%/.".-( CB( */,)BH*" " A&%",N": DB.(%,"'(,A"-(: CB( */, (- A&('$/ $B()(, %(:B-A"% )(:":A%/:":S> T;a=U
P"$NAB-/ 6wPdM\P7423\Q D)B',-() 5',(&78'5) R6(F&,/ B, L/.&(%,/ */'/ *&(,ANF&*/ :(DV, -/: %(:B-A")/: )(A(%'&,")/: CB( $B()( $%/)B*&%Q *B",A/ '"E/% :(" (- ,V'(%/ )( %(:B-A")/: CB( $B()( $%/E(*A"% E -/D%"%9 A",A/ '[: *&(,ANF&*/ :(%[S> T;aiU R6(.&)/ "- "B'(,A/ )( */,/*&'&(,A/:9 (: $/:&.-( $"%" -/: D/.&(%,/: "*AB"-(: %("-&H"% 'B*G/: '[: %(:B-A")/: $%/$B(:A/: CB( -/: CB( (%", $/:&.-(: (, A&('$/: ",A(%&/%(:c E $B()( :(% CB( )(,A%/ )( $/*/ :(" $/:&.-( */,:(DB&% %(:B-A")/: A(,&)/: "G/%" $/% &'$/:&.-(:S> T;a`U
15
RK/% (--/9 -/: G/'.%(: )( *&(,*&" ")CB&(%(, */,*&(,*&" )( :B %(:$/,:".&-&)") $"%" */, -" :/*&()")9 E :&(,A(, (- )(.(% )( $"%A&*&$"% (, -" )&%(**&+, )( -/: ":B,A/: $V.-&*/: '[: )( -/ CB( G":A" "G/%" G", G(*G/S> T;<;U R!" ,B(I" JA&*" CB( $%/D%(:" D%")B"-'(,A( (, */,(@&+, */, -" AJ*,&*" *&(,ANF&*"9 :( F&?"%[ '[: (, -" :/*&()") CB( (, (- &,)&I&)B/S> T;<;U
P"$NAB-/ 6wPdM\p7d53\Q 3" ,/$5"5'A( ,( $(" %)5',/"/ 5',(&78'5" R!" ()B*"*&+, A&(,( )/: F&,(:Q $/% B, -")/9 F/%'"% -" &,A(-&D(,*&"c $/% (- /A%/9 $%($"%"% "- *&B)")",/_ P%(/ CB( -" ()B*"*&+,9 (, B," :/*&()") *&(,ANF&*"9 $B()( */,*(.&%:( $/% ","-/DN" */, -" ()B*"*&+, CB( )", -/: ?(:B&A":> !/: ?(:B&A": $%/$/%*&/,", B," *-":( )( ()B*"*&+, " -/: ,&O/: CB( G", )( :(% G/'.%(: */%%&(,A(: (, (- 'B,)/9 E /A%" )&:A&,A" " "CB(--/: CB( G", )( --(D"% " :(% '&('.%/: )( -" P/'$"ON" )( {(:V:> 6( ",[-/D" '",(%"9 -/: D/.(%,",A(: *&(,ANF&*/: $%/$/%*&/,"%[, B, DJ,(%/ )( ()B*"*&+, " -/: G/'.%(: E 'B?(%(: */%%&(,A(:9 E /A%/ " "CB(--/: CB( G"E", )( :(% '",A(,()/%(: )(- $/)(% *&(,ANF&*/S> T;<
P"$NAB-/ 6wPdM\81f3\Q E,4-)/$55'A( 5',(&78'5" R!" %($%/)B**&+, :(%[ */,:&)(%")" */'/ B, ":B,A/ )( -" */'$(A(,*&" )(1:A")/9 E ,/ :( ".",)/,"%[ " -" -&.%( (-(**&+, )( -": $(%:/,": CB( (, (--" &,A(%I&(,(,S> Tjl`U R!" $:&*/-/DN" )( -/: D/.(%,",A(: :(%[ '"A(%&" )&FN*&- )( (:A".-(*(%> 8( (:$(%"%[ )( (--/: CB( )(:$-&(DB(, B," )(I/*&+, "%)/%/:" E %ND&)" "- &)("- )(- 1:A")/ *&(,ANF&*/9 E CB( :"*%&F&CB(, " (:A( &)("- A/)/: -/: :(,A&'&(,A/: ' [: .-",)/:9 */'/ (- "'/% " -" 'B?(% E " -/: G&?/:_ 3/)/: -/: :(,A&'&(,A/: '[: G/,)/: :(%[, )(:"%%"&D")/:9 */, -" :/-" (@*($*&+, )( -" )(I/*&+, " -" *&(,*&" E "- 1:A")/S> Tj;lU
16
R1, A"- 'B,)/ m*&(,ANF&*"'(,A( /%D",&H")/n "B,CB( G"E" $-"*(%(:9 ,/ G".%[ "-(D%N"> 1- %(:B-A")/ :(%[ B, A&$/ )( G/'.%( CB( '/:A%"%[ -": *"%"*A(%N:A&*": B:B"-(: )( -/: ":*(A": I&D/%/:/:> 8(%[, [:$(%/: ( &,F-(@&.-(:9 $%/$(,)&(,)/ " -" *%B(-)") (, :B: &)("-(: E (, :B )&:$/:&*&+, )( (:$N%&AB $"%" */,:&)(%"% CB( (- &,F-&D&% B, *":A&D/ (: ,(*(:"%&/ "- .&(, $V.-&*/S> Tj;;U R1:A": :/, $/:&.&-&)")(: )( B, 'B,)/ D/.(%,")/ $/% (- */,/*&'&(,A/9 :&, ("'/%9 E $/% (- $/)(%9 :&, (- )(-(&A(> 1- G/'.%( ('.%&"D")/ */, (- $/)(% (:A[ )(:$%/I&:A/ )( :".&)B%N"9 E '&(,A%": D/.&(%,( "- 'B,)/9 (- 'B,)/ :(%[ B, -BD"% )(:$%/I&:A/ )( .(--(H" E )( "-(D%N"S> Tj;jU
P"$NAB-/ 61PdM\8wK3dM\Q 3" 5',(5'" ? #)% 6"#)-,% R!" :/*&()") *&(,ANF&*" CB( G" :&)/ )&.B?")" (, -/: *"$NAB-/: )( (:A" V-A&'" $"%A( ,/ G" )( :(% A/'")" */'/ B," $%/F(*N" :(%&"> 1: B, &,A(,A/ )( )(:*%&.&% (- 'B,)/ CB( %(:B-A"%N" :& -" AJ*,&*" *&(,ANF&*" GB.&(:( )( '",)"% :&, F%(,/ "-DB,/> 8( G".%[ /.:(%I")/ CB( G(*G/: CB( A/)/ (- 'B,)/ ")'&A( */'/ )(:(".-(: (:A[, N,A&'"'(,A( '(H*-")/: */, G(*G/: CB( :/, %($B-:&I/:S> Tj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c (:(DB,)/9 "- A&$/ $%[*A&*/> 1, (- )(:"%%/--/ )( -" *&(,*&"9 (- &'$B-:/b$/)(% G" $%(I"-(*&)/ *")" I(H '[: :/.%( (- &'$B-:/b"'/%> 1- &'$B-:/b$/)(% (:A[ %($%(:(,A")/ $/% -" &,)B:A%&" E $/% -" AJ*,&*" DB.(%,"'(,A"-> 1:A[ A"'.&J, %($%(:(,A")/ $/% -": */,/*&)": F&-/:/FN": )(- $%"D'"A&:'/ ( &,:A%B'(,A"-&:'/> P")" B," )( (:A": F&-/:/FN": :/:A&(,(9
17
)&*G/ )( B, '/)/ D(,(%"-9 CB( ,B(:A%": *%((,*&": :/.%( *B"-CB&(% /.?(A/ :/, I(%)")(%": :&('$%( CB( ,/: G"D", *"$"*(: )( '",&$B-"%-/ */, I(,A"?" $"%" ,/:/A%/:> 1:A/ (: -/ CB( $/)%N" --"'"%:( B," */,*($*&+, DB.(%,"'(,A"- )( -" I(%)")S> Tj;eU RK(%/ (- )(:(/ )( */,/*&'&(,A/ :( '",&F&(:A" A"'.&J, )( /A%" F/%'"_1- 'N:A&*/9 (- "'",A( E (- $/(A" A"'.&J, .B:*", */,/*&'&(,A/_ 1, A/)": -": F/%'": )(- "'/% )(:("'/: A(,(% */,/*&'&(,A/ )( -/ CB( (: "'")/9 ,/ */, $%/$+:&A/ )( $/)(%N/9 :&,/ $/% (- J@A":&: )( -" */,A('$-"*&+,S> Tj;eU R!" *&(,*&"9 (, :B: */'&(,H/:9 FB( )(.&)" " G/'.%(: CB( A(,N", "'/% "- 'B,)/> K(%*&.N", -" .(--(H" )( -": (:A%(--": E )(- '"%9 )( -/: I&(,A/: E )( -": '/,A"O":> K(%/9 $":/ " $":/9 " '()&)" CB( -" *&(,*&" :( FB( )(:"%%/--",)/9 (- &'$B-:/b"'/% CB( -( )&/ /%&D(, G" :&)/ */,A%"%&")/9 '&(,A%": CB( (- &'$B-:/b$/)(%9 CB( FB( "- $%&,*&$&/ B, '(%/ "*/'$"O",A(9 G" B:B%$")/ D%")B"-'(,A( (- '",)/9 (, I&%AB) )( :B J@&A/ ,/ $%(I&:A/S> Tj;hU R4:N -" *&(,*&" G" :B:A&AB&)/ *")" I(H '[: */, (- */,/*&'&(,A/b$/)(% "*/,/*&'&(,A/b"'/%c E " '()&)" CB( :( */'$-(A" (:A" :B:A&AB*&+,9 -" *&(,*&" A&(,)( '[: E '[: " G"*(%:( :[)&*"> !" :/*&()") *&(,ANF&*" )(- FBAB%/9 A"- */'/ -" G('/: &'"D&,")/9 (: )( N,)/-( A"-9 CB( (, (--" (- &'$B-:/b$/)(% G" )/'&,")/ $/% */'$-(A/ "- &'$B-:/b "'/%9 E J:A( (: (- /%&D(, $:&*/-+D&*/ )( -": *%B(-)")(: CB( */%%( $(-&D%/ )( F/'(,A"%S> Tj;iU Rw:A" (: -" %"H+, FB,)"'(,A"- )( $/% CBJ -" $(%:$(*A&I" )( B," :/*&()") *&(,ANF&*" )(.( :(% '&%")" */, "$%(,:&+,> !" :/*&()") *&(,ANF&*"9 (, :B F/%'" $B%"9 (: &,*/'$"A&.-( */, -" $(%:(*B*&+, )( -" I(%)")9 */, (- "'/%9 */, (- "%A(9 */, (- )(-(&A( (:$/,A[,(/_ 5/ (: (- */,/*&'&(,A/ (- CB( /%&D&," (:A/: $(-&D%/:> 1- */,/*&'&(,A/ (: .B(,/9 E -" &D,/%",*&" (: '"-"_ !/ CB( (: $(-&D%/:/ (: (- $/)(% '",(?")/ $/% "'/% "$/)(%9 E ,/ (- $/)(% '",(?")/ $/% "'/% "- .&(, D(,B&,/> !/: )&%(*A/%(: )(- 'B,)/ '/)(%,/ (:A[, ./%%"*G/: )( $/)(%_ x (- $/)(% ,/ (: B,/ )( -/: F&,(: )( -" I&)"9 :&,/ '(%"'(,A( B, '()&/ $"%" /A%/: F&,(:9 E G":A" CB( -/: G/'.%(: A(,D", $%(:(,A( -/: 18
F&,(: " CB( (- $/)(% )(.&(%" :(%I&%9 -" *&(,*&" ,/ G"%[ -/ CB( (: *"$"H $"%" $%/*B%"% -" I&)" .B(,"> K(%/9 ]*B[-(: :/, -/: F&,(: )( -" I&)"^_ !" (:F(%" )( -/: I"-/%(: *"( FB(%" )( -" *&(,*&"S> Tj;ibj;`bj;aU R1- G/'.%( G" :&)/ )&:*&$-&,")/ G":A" "G/%" $/% :B :B?(*&+, " -" ,"AB%"-(H"> u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jjlbjj;U
19
