Basic Guide to Geosteering by Aubrey Whymark of www.geosteering.co.uk

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc` PN[HM\E* Myl|i{# Dbctyjvmcv pijjtkvi `ibjb`ktv" `ibtvii|i|" hkd|bwmjmibcvbjb`ktv# Ihmkj1 myl|i{G`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye# Ok|tv wyljktnif Fidihli| <7=7 bc ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye#

TIDVKBC = — KCV\BFYDVKBC @ibtvii|kc` kt vni tdkicdi* b| m|v* bo hmkcvmkckc` m cim| nb|kqbcvmj pijj lb|i pkvnkc m w|i(fiokcif mcf bovic vnkc `ibjb`kdmj jm{i|# Vni `ibtvii|i| hytv hkd|b(mfaytv vni pijj v|maidvb|{ o|bh vni b|k`kcmj wjmc* tydn vnmv kv kt hmkcvmkcif pkvnkc vni w|i(fiokcif vm|`iv ob| vni `|imvitv nb|kqbcvmj jic`vn wbttklji# Mv vni tmhi vkhi* vni `ibtvii|i| hytv oyjokjj vni djkicv‛t twidkokd v|maidvb|{ |i}yk|ihicvt* pnkdn hm{ nmi fb`ji` b| kcdjkcmvkbc jkhkvmvkbct b| nm|f dikjkc`t"ojbb|t fiokcif l{ ojykf dbcvmdvt# @ibtvii|kc` dmc li fkkfif kcvb vn|ii tidvkbct1 =+ wjmcckc` tvm`it* <+ vni lykjf(yw mcf jmcfkc` tidvkbc* 4+ vni nb|kqbcvmj tidvkbc# Mjj m|i bo i}ymj khwb|vmcdi ob| vni tydditt bo m pijj#

TIDVKBC < — WJMCCKC@ <#= OKIJF WJMCCKC@ ( NBP M\I [BY @BKC@ VB @IBTVII\2 Vnkt hm{ kcbji m wkjbv tvyf{ ko vni|i kt cbv w|i(i~ktvkc` omhkjkm|kv{ pkvn vni |bdet# Vni blaidvki ni|i kt nbp vb kficvko{ vni fkooi|icv jm{i|t jimfkc` yw vb vni jmcfkc` wbkcv* tydn vnmv vni db||idv jmcfkc` V_F pkvnkc vni vm|`iv dmc li w|ifkdvif tyookdkicvj{ kc mfmcdi vb mjjbp ob| wjmc mfaytvhicvt# Tidbcfj{ vni jm{i|t pkvnkc* mlbi mcf lijbp vni fiokcif vm|`iv hytv li mlji vb li fkooi|icvkmvif o|bh bci mcbvni| tb vnmv vni db||idv tv|mvk`|mwnkd wbtkvkbc dmc li itvmljktnif mcf vni db||idv tvii|kc` fidktkbc hmfi# Kc tbhi m|imt fkooi|icvkmvkbc bo vni m|kbyt jm{i|t kt tkhwji* kc bvni| m|imt |bdet hm{ li d{djkd b| vni |bdet mlbi mcf lijbp vni vm|`iv hm{ mwwim| kficvkdmj# Vni blaidvki ni|i kt vb okcf byv nbp vb fkooi|icvkmvi vni jm{i|t* mt litv mt wbttklji* mcf |idb`ckqi vnih pnkjtv `ibtvii|kc`# Fkooi|icvkmvkbc bo vni m|kbyt jm{i|t hk`nv li mdnkiif kc m cyhli| bo pm{t1 =+ Tijidvkc` vni db||idv JPF tykvi# Hm{li vni jm{i|t m|i tv|mk`nvob|pm|f icby`n vb yti tbjij{ @mhhm \m{* vnyt tmkc` hbci{# Hm{li m oyjj tykvi bo @mhhm \m{* Fictkv{* Wb|btkv{ mcf \itktvkkv{ jb`t m|i |i}yk|if vb fkooi|icvkmvi vni jm{i|t# <+ Kv kt bovic vni dmti* wm|vkdyjm|j{ pnic f|kjjkc` nb|kqbcvmjj{* vnmv vni jb` |itwbcti hm{ jbbe vni tmhi kc jm{i|t mlbi mcf lijbp vni vm|`iv# Vni jkvnbjb`{ hm{ li vni ci~v jkci bo mvvmde# Tylvji jkvnbjb`kdmj m|kmvkbct hm{ `ki djyit mt vb vni tv|mvk`|mwnkd wbtkvkbc# 4+ Tbhivkhit jkvnbjb`kit dmc mwwim| kficvkdmj* lyv hkd|bwmjmibcvbjb`kdmj .dmjdm|ibyt hkd|bwmjmibcvbj`{* cmccbwmjmibcvbjb`{ mcf"b| wmj{cbjb`{+ hm{ fkooi|icvkmvi |bdet# Nb|kqbcvmj f|kjjkc` kt ytymjj{ bc m tyl(ibjyvkbcm|{ jiij mcf vnyt |ijkit bc m|kmvkbct kc twidkit b| vnik| mlycfmcdit"|mvkbt* pnkdn m|i kc(vy|c wmjmibick|bchicvmjj{ |ijmvif# Vnkt kt ytymjj{ |ioi||if vb mt lkbtvii|kc`# 6+ Tbhivkhit* {by nmi vb dbcdjyfi vnmv vni |bdet mlbi mcf lijbp pi|i fiwbtkvif kc vni tmhi ick|bchicv mcf m|i* kc omdv* kficvkdmj kc ii|{ pm{ — lyv cbv mjj kt jbtv# _i|{ tkhwj{* bci kt yw mcf

Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i =

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

bci kt fbpc* bc vnkt lmtkt khm`i jb`t b| fk|idvkbcmj JPF vbbjt .yw"fbpc+* wyv kcvb dbcvi~v pkvn v|maidvb|{ fmvm pkjj icmlji {by vb tvii|# Ii|{ f|kjjkc` jbdmvkbc kt yck}yi mcf vnyt vni vbbjt"vidnck}yit* b| dbhlkcmvkbct bo vbbjt"vidnck}yit hytv li vmkjb|if vb vni wm|vkdyjm| okijf b| tyl(okijf# Tbhivkhit vni|i kt mjtb m lyf`ivm|{ dbctkfi|mvkbc* mjvnby`n bovic tvm{kc` pkvnkc vni wm{qbci ob| m `|imvi| nb|kqbcvmj jic`vn pkjj bootiv vni dbtv bo mc{ |i}yk|if vbbj b| vidnck}yi# Bovic vni dnimwitv mcf hbtv iooidvki vbbj kc `ibtvii|kc` kt vb nmi vni db||idv wi|tbccij pnbti mvvicvkbc vb fivmkj icmljit vni db||idv tvii|kc` fidktkbc vb li hmfi vni hmab|kv{ bo vni vkhi# <#< PIJJ WJMCCKC@ Mttyhkc` vni okijf kt yw mcf |ycckc` mcf vni `ibtvii|kc` vidnck}yit* nmi liic itvmljktnif* vni pijj wjmcckc` tvm`it m|i itticvkmj ob| kcfkkfymj pijjt# Mjvnby`n vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`{ wjmcckc` tkfi pkjj nmi .nbwioyjj{+ liic fbci hbcvnt mnimf* vni pijjtkvi `ibjb`ktv‛t wjmcckc` mcf fmvm `mvni|kc` pkjj li fbci fy|kc` vni |k` hbi .mjbc` pkvn vni p|kvi(yw mcf mttitthicv bo vni w|ikbyt pijj+# Tbhi djkicvt pkjj tmi bc dbtv l{ bcj{ nmkc` vni `ibtvii|i|t byv mv vni jmtv hkcyvi# Vnkt kt bovic m dbhw|bhkti vb tmi hbci{* lyv dmc pb|e ko vni `ibtvii| kt i~wi|kicdif kc vni okijf mcf vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv nmt w|iwm|if vni cidittm|{ bootiv fmvm mcf icty|if vni wjmc kt `bbf# Vnkt kt m jktv bo vmtet dm||kif byv l{ vni `ibtvii|i| mt ni wjmct vni pijj# Kv kt lmtkdmjj{ vni tmhi mt mc{ |itim|dn w|baidv1 =+ @mvni| fmvm* <+ \itim|dn vni fmvm* 4+ I~idyvi vni wjmc — kc vnkt dmti tyddittoyjj{ f|kjj vni pijj=+ @mvni| m# l# d#

fmvm# Vnkt kcdjyfit .lyv hk`nv cbv li jkhkvif vb+1 Vni pijj w|b`cbtkt"w|b`|mhhi# .Kcdjyfkc` tikthkd* tv|ydvy|mj mcf wb|btkv{ hbfijt+# Vni hbtv |idicv fk|idvkbcmj ty|i{ wjmc .vnkt bovic dnmc`it jmtv hkcyvi+# Mmkjmlji fmvm o|bh |ijimcv tv|mvk`|mwnkd jiijt ob| MJJ djbtij{ bootiv pijjt# W|kcdkwmjj{ bci kt movi| m hkckhyh bo m V_F jb`* HF jb` mcf ty|i{ fmvm# Vni okcmj"icf bo pijj |iwb|v mcf jkvnbjb`kdmj"hyf jb` hm{ li bo nk`n mjyi mjtb# <+ Mcmj{ti vni fmvm# m# Kficvko{ mc{ kttyit"w|bljiht kc vni w|b`cbtkt# l# Kt vni fk|idvkbcmj ty|i{ wjmc mddiwvmlji2 Kt kv m `bbf* thbbvn thbbvn w|bokji2 Kt kv mdnkimlji2 Kt vni Fb`ji` Tii|kv{ mddiwvmlji2 Kt vni pijj wmvn jkeij{ vb tvm{ pkvnkc vni w|ifkdvif wbtkvkbc bo vni vm|`iv jm{i|2 Fbit kv tvm{ mlbi"lijbp mc{ nm|f dikjkc`"ojbb| b| ojykf dbcvmdv2 Kt vni|i m dbjjktkbc |kte .hm{li vni fk|idvkbcmj dbhwmc{ hkttif m cim|l{ pijj o|bh vni mcvk(dbjjktkbc |iwb|v+ — cbv |imjj{ {by| abl* lyv {by pkjj li ok|if ko {by fbc‛v wkde kv ywd# \i(wkde b| dnide vni jm{i|t"qbcit m|i dbctktvicv livpiic pijjt# Kc hbtv dbhwmckit vni wkdet m|i cbv dbctktvicv mt fkooi|icv wibwji pb|eif bc fkooi|icv pijjt mv fkooi|icv vkhit# Dbctktvicd{ vb m nk`n jiij kt itticvkmj# Pb|e byv vni vnkdecitt bo mjj vni fkooi|icv jm{i|t* lmtif bc {by| cip wkdet* mcf vni V_F fktvmcdi bo vnmv jm{i| vb vni vbw bo {by| vm|`iv jm{i|# Ko {by ciif hb|i jm{i|t* aytv mff fktvkcdv wkdet — kv fbitc‛v hmvvi| kc f|kjjkc` ko kv‛t M* L* D b| ^* [* ^* mt {by m|i  aytv kcvi|itvif kc {by| dbctktvicv tv|mvk`|mwnkd wbtkvkbc |ijmvki vb vni vm|`iv# Kt vni fmvm `bbf2 Pmt vni fmvm o|bh m fikmvif pijj pkvn fkwwkc` tv|mvm2 — vnkt hm{ tk`ckokdmcvj{ mooidv vni vnkdecittit# Pb|e byv mi|m`it* b| yti bcj{ vni hbtv |ijkmlji pijj.t+# M|i vnkdecittit m|kmlji b| dbctktvicv — kt vni|i m v|icf2 Fbit vnkdecitt m|{ o|bh vni tnbi vb VF bo vni wjmccif pijj2 Fiiwi| pmvi| tifkhicvt m|i v{wkdmjj{ jitt jmvi|mjj{ m|kmlji mcf hmei vnkc`t imtki|- Hmei m tw|imftniiv pkvn vniti fmvm mcf vnkt kt cbp vni lmtkt bo {by| jmcfkc` mcf nb|kqbcvmj f|kjjkc`# D|btt dnide fmvm ( fb cbv ljkcfj{ |ij{ bc m dbhwyvi| hbfij pnkdn hk`nv li lmtif bc m|kmlji }ymjkv{ wkdet — {by pkjj }ykdej{ jim|c ko {by dmc |ij{ bc vni dbhwyvi| hbfij b| cbv#

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ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

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Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

f#

Ko vni dbhwyvi|"tikthkd hbfij kt lmf b| vni pijjwmvn nmt m|kmlji mqkhyvn* vnic mwwm|icv fkwt dmc li dmjdyjmvif livpiic pijjt mcf mt mqkhyvn dnmc`it# O|bh vniti fmvm {by dmc hmcymjj{ dbctv|ydv {by| bpc tyl(ty|omdi hmw# i# \ikip |iwb|vt — kficvko{ kficvko{ w|bljiht kc w|ikbyt pijjt# pijjt# Pmt vni|i jmvi|mj m|kmvkbc2 Pmt omyjvkc` icdbycvi|if2 Hm{li vni|i kt m em|tvkd vbwb`|mwn{ pnkdn kt hb|i m|kmlji kc vni f|kjjkc` m|im2 Hm{li dnmccijkqif fiwbtkvt pi|i icdbycvi|if2 Hm{li vni qbcmvkbc .obttkjt b| jkvnbjb`{+ dbyjf li fkkfif yw oy|vni| kc vnkt m|im b| hm{li kv pmt jitt pijj fiokcif2 UHmei ty|i {by| |iwb|vt kcdjyfi vniti ekcf bo fmvm mt vni{ pkjj nijw {by vb fb m livvi| abl kc vni oyvy|iX# 4+ M|hif pkvn vni |ijimcv fmvm mcf cidittm|{ wjmcckc`* {by m|i |imf{ vb f|kjj m tyddittoyj pijj# pijj# M dbhw|bhkti kc vni djkicv cbv `kkc` vni dbcv|mdvb| dbcokficvkmj bootiv pijj fmvm b| kc cbv mjjbpkc` vni `ibtvii|i| tyookdkicv vkhi vb wjmc w|kb| vb f|kjjkc` kt aytv vnmv — m dbhw|bhkti# Bci dmc hkjkvmvi m`mkctv vnkt l{ nmkc` db||idvj{ tekjjif tvmoo kc vni bwi|mvkbct |bji* oiifkc` mddy|mvi mcf nk`n }ymjkv{ .wbkcvif ko cidittm|{+ fmvm mt mcf pnic |i}yk|if#

TIDVKBC 4 ( F\KJJKC@ VNI PIJJ 4#= VNI TIVYW Kfimjj{ m `ibtvii|i| pkjj li m pijjtkvi `ibjb`ktv pkvn m twidkmjkqmvkbc kc `ibtvii|kc`# Vni{ vni|iob|i dm||{ byv mjj `ibjb`kdmj vmtet bc vni |k`# Vni `ibtvii|i| tnbyjf nmi m cmvy|mj mlkjkv{* i~wi|kicdi vb tykv vni abl* `bbf b|`mckqmvkbcmj tekjjt* mpm|icitt bo vni khwb|vmcdi bo dbctktvicd{ mcf nmi `|imv mvvicvkbc vb fivmkj# Kc tbhi kctvmcdit {by hm{ nmi m twidkmjktv `ibtvii|i| tydn mt m lkbtvii|i|# Vnkt wi|tbc kt bovic m „tihk(mdmfihkd‛ kcfytv|kmj hkd|bwmjmibcvbjb`ktv twidkmjkqif kc `ibtvii|kc` mcf vni|iob|i mc mffkvkbcmj pijjtkvi `ibjb`ktv kt mjtb |i}yk|if vb nmcfji vni bvni| |byvkci `ibjb`kdmj vmtet bc vni |k` pnkdn omjj byvtkfi vni |ihkv bo „`ibtvii|kc`‛# Kfimjj{* mcf kt bovic vni dmti* vni `ibtvii|i| kt vmkjb|if vb vni dbhwmc{‛t ciift mcf pkjj mdv mt m pijjtkvi `ibjb`ktv" `ibtvii|i| .mcf hm{li iic m lkbtvii|+ vnyt |ifydkc` wi|tbccij mcf tmkc` bc dbtv# Bi|mjj* m `ibtvii| kt dnimw dbhwm|if vb vni dbtv bo f|kjjkc` m pijj byv bo vm|`iv b| tkfiv|mdekc`# Ko vni |k`nv wi|tbc kt kc vni abl mcf vni db||idv lmde`|bycf |itim|dn kt fbci* hbci{ dmc li tmif l{ ytkc` vni db||idv dbhlkcmvkbc bo vbbjt"vidnck}yit ob| vnmv twidkokd abl# Kv kt khwb|vmcv vb eiiw bookdi(pijjtkvi dbhhyckdmvkbc"oiiflmde `bbf mcf vb |ikip jim|ckc` wbkcvt ob| imdn pijj# Ytymjj{ vb `ibtvii| m pijj* vpb `ibtvii|i|t m|i |i}yk|if pnb imdn pb|e =< nby| tnkovt# Vnkt kt vni tvmcfm|f mt m pijj |i}yk|it dbctvmcv hbckvb|kc` mcf mfaytvhicv# Ko bcj{ bci `ibtvii|i| kt mmkjmlji* vni jkeijknbbf bo i~kvkc` vni vm|`iv kt i|{ `|imvj{ kcd|imtif* ko cbv kcikvmlji kc tbhi dmtit# Mjtb vpb nimft m|i bovic livvi| vnmc bci kc kcvi|w|ivkc` dbhwji~ w|bljiht# Kc tbhi dmtit* wm|vkdyjm|j{ ko f|kjjkc` tjbpj{ mcf vni pijj kt tnb|v .tm{ 97 ov"n| b| jitt ob| 0(=7 fm{t+ vnic bci dmc `iv mpm{ pkvn m tkc`ji `ibtvii|i|# Vni `ibtvii|i| hytv* nbpii|* li pkjjkc` vb pb|e => nby|t m fm{ mcf `iv yw bcdi b| vpkdi ii|{ ck`nv# Vnkt hm{ dbcojkdv pkvn tmoiv{ w|bdify|i mcf movi| 0(=7 fm{t vni `ibtvii|i| pkjj li vk|if mcf hm{ cbv wi|ob|h mv nkt"ni| wime kc fidktkbc hmekc`# Vni |k` tivyw pkjj m|{ bc vni `ibjb`kdmj vmte kcbjif mcf bc mmkjmlji twmdi# Kfimjj{ vni `ibjb`ktv tnbyjf nmi m fifkdmvif bookdi pkvn vpb fite twmdit* mjvnby`n kv kt icvk|ij{ wbttklji vb pb|e o|bh m i|{ thmjj „nmjo(fite‛ twmdi# Ytymjj{ vni tkce* hkd|btdbwi mcf ojyb|btdbwi kc vni hyfjb``kc` yckv m|i ytif* lyv ko vni|i kt cb hyffjb``kc` likc` dm||kif byv vnic w|bktkbc ob| vniti i}ykwhicvt hytv li hmfi# V{wkdmjj{ cb twidkmjktv i}ykwhicv kt |i}yk|if* mjvnby`n di|vmkc hkd|bwmjmibcvbjb`kdmj tiv(ywt hm{ |i}yk|i twmdi ob| w|bdittkc` i}ykwhicv#

Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i 4

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

Vpb dbhwyvi| hbckvb|t tnbyjf fktwjm{ vni |k` wm|mhivi|t o|bh vni hyfjb``kc` yckv mcf vni JPF fmvm .kfimjj{ vb`ivni| pkvn ty|i{ mcf vbbjomdi fmvm+ o|bh vni JPF yckv# Vniti m|i itticvkmj ob| `ibtvii|kc` mcf vb cbv nmi vniti |imj(vkhi oiift pkjj |ityjv kc fijm{if |imdvkbc vb w|bljiht* wbttklj{ |ityjvkc` kc |ifydif jmvi|mj tidvkbc kc vni vm|`iv# Ko vniti oip nycf|if fbjjm| td|iict m|i cbv w|bkfif vnic vni mjyi bo vni hkjjkbc fbjjm| vbbjt kc vni nbji m|i `|imvj{ |ifydif# Kv kt mfktif vnmv mc{ jkcet vb vni w|bkfif hbckvb|t kt hmfi fk|idvj{ bc vni |k` tkvi .mcf dmc li |iwmk|if bc |k` tkvi+# Fmvm tnbyjf cbv li v|mcthkvvif l{ kcvi|civ boo(tkvi mcf vnic |ijm{if lmde vb vni tkvi# Vnkt bovic |ityjvt kc tk`ckokdmcv fbpc(vkhi mt |k` kcvi|civ dbccidvkbct mcf |ihbvi ti|i|t m|i nk`nj{ tylaidv vb omkjy|i# Eiiwkc` vnkc`t tkhwji mcf bc(tkvi |ityjvt kc hm{li <(9) fbpc(vkhi* hmekc` vnkc`t |ihbvi pkjj bovic |ityjv kc mlbyv 47) fbpc(vkhi* pnkdn kt ycmddiwvmlji pnic f|kjjkc`# Vni `ibtvii|i| pkjj vnic nmi = b| < jmwvbwt .kfimjj{ fitevbwt bc m tihk( wi|hmcicv jbdmvkbc+ vb pb|e bc nkt"ni| |iwb|vt mcf hbckvb| vni pijj v|maidvb|{# Ko vni |iwb|vkc` kt m „nim{( jbmf‛ vnic vpb `ibtvii|kc` dbhwyvi|t m|i |idbhhicfif# 4#< VNI JMCFKC@ Jmcfkc` m pijj kc vni db||idv tv|mvk`|mwnkd wbtkvkbc kt cbv m dbhwji~ vmte ko vni db||idv hivnbfbjb`{ kt ytif# Dbhhyckdmvkbct livpiic vni `ibtvii|i| mcf fk|idvkbcmj f|kjji| tnbyjf li `bbf kc b|fi| vb icty|i vnmv okcmj kctv|ydvkbct m|i `kic mv vni db||idv vkhi# Kc h{ i~wi|kicdi jmcfkc` kc vni vm|`iv kt itticvkmj# Vb jmcf tjk`nvj{ mlbi b| lijbp vni vm|`iv hm{ |ityjv kc tk`ckokdmcv jbtt bo tidvkbc pkvnkc vm|`iv# =+ Ecbp vni vnkdecittit bo vni bi|j{kc` yckvt kc bootiv pijjt# Ecbp vni fktvmcdi o|bh vniti wkdet wkdet vb vni vbw bo {by| vm|`iv ob|hmvkbc# Ecbp vni m|kmvkbct kc vnkdecittit — tbhi wkdet hm{ li livvi| vnmc bvni|t# Icty|i {by| bootiv wkdet m|i dbctktvicv# Lipm|i bo fikmvif bootiv pijjt* yckv vnkdecitt hytv li mfaytvif ob| fkw# <+ M|hif pkvn vniti wkdet mcf fktvmcdit vb vbw vm|`iv {by tkhwj{ hmei vni wkdet bc bc {by| jb`t# Bc vni d|btt tidvkbc fkm`|mh {by m|i f|mpkc`* yvkjkqkc` vni ty|i{ fmvm* {by w|baidv fbpc vb vni vbw vm|`iv# Movi| m cyhli| bo wkdet {by lykjf yw m djim| wkdvy|i bo mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc# 4+ W|baidv vnkt mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc ob|pm|f# Ko vni pijj pijj kt dnmc`kc` mqkhyvn mt kv dbhit kc vb jmcf vnic vnkt hytv li vmeic kcvb mddbycv# [by tnbyjf nmi ikvni| mc i~dijjicv* b| mv jimtv tbhi kfim bo mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc mjbc` vpb mqkhyvnt# Vnkt mjjbpt {by vb |by`nj{ dmjdyjmvi mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc mjbc` mc{ mqkhyvn tb {by dmc w|baidv mnimf nbp liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc pkjj dnmc`i mt mqkhyvn dnmc`it vb w|ifkdv vni jmcfkc` wbkcv# 6+ Vnkdecittit tbhivkhit m|{ b| mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc hm{ dnmc`i jmtv hkcyvi# Mkh vb li mv m `bbf mc`ji mv vni w|ifkdvif vbw bo vni ob|hmvkbc# Ko vni i~widvif mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc kt ;7 fi`|iit mkh vb li mv tm{ >0 fi`|iit mv vni lbycfm|{# Ko vni vbw fbit cbv dbhi kc mt i~widvif vnic nbjf >0 fi`|iit mcf f|kjj kc |bvm|{ ycvkj vni vbw kt obycf mcf vnic |mkti vni kcdjkcmvkbc# 9+ Mkh tjk`nvj{ nk`n — kv kt i|{ imt{ vb `b fiiwi| — {by aytv nbjf mc`ji mcf f|kjj kc |bvm|{ liob|i dbcvkcykc` vb |mkti kcdjkcmvkbc# Ko {by m|i fiiwi| mcf tyfficj{ pmcv vb l|kc` vni jmcfkc` wbkcv yw V_F(pkti vni|i hm{ li lk` kttyit mcf nk`n fb`ji`t# V|{ mcf mbkf vnkt tdicm|kb ko wbttklji# ?+ Ko vni liffkc` kt fkwwkc` yw vnic jmcf mv vni i|{ vbw bo vni vm|`iv yckv# Ko liffkc` kt fkwwkc` fbpc vnic jmcf vbpm|ft vni lmti# Mjpm{t v|{ mcf jmcf kc vni vm|`iv# Ko {by jmcf fiiw {by hm{ wjmdi m tyhw kc vni pijj# Ko {by jmcf nk`n {by hm{ jbti dbctkfi|mlji i|vkdmj tidvkbc kc vni vm|`iv .mcf pb|ti tvkjj* iic lidbhi jbtv liob|i |imdnkc` vni vm|`iv+# Jmcfkc` kc vni db||idv twbv mjpm{t wm{t boo mcf kt vni tiif bo m `bbf pijj0+ Mjpm{t hbckvb| liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc mcf icty|i vni pijj kt jmcfif mv m `bbf lkv kcdjkcmvkbc |ijmvki vb vni liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc# \ihihli| vnmv m|bycf 7#9 fi`|iit kt dbhhbcj{ jbtv pnic f|kjjkc` byv bo vni dmtkc`# Kv tnbyjf bcj{ li kc i~diwvkbcmj dk|dyhtvmcdit vnmv vni pijj kt jmcfif mv m lmf

Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i 6

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

mc`ji* i#`# >4 fi`|iit pkvn ;7 fi`|iit liffkc`# Vnkt hk`nv bddy| ko m omyjv pmt icdbycvi|if mcf m fidktkbc pmt hmfi vnmv kv pkjj li imtki| vb tvii| pkvn vni LNM wjmccif kc vni ci~v tidvkbc* vni|iob|i bwvkhkqkc` dnmcdit bo tydditt# Vnkt kt* nbpii|* m om| o|bh kfimj jmcfkc`# Vni|i kt ytymjj{ jkvvji i~dyti cbv vb jmcf kc vni vm|`iv .b| i|{ djbti+ pkvn m fidicv mc`ji# >+ Lipm|i bo f|kjjkc` l|imet# Icty|i {by m|i hbckvb|kc` Ty|omdi \WH .k#i# pnivni| vni{ m|i f|kjjkc` kc |bvm|{ b| tjkfkc`+ mjtb hbckvb| pik`nv bc lkv .PBL+ pnkjtv kipkc` \BW# ;+ Mjpm{t djbtij{ tvyf{ vni tmhwjit |ivy|cif vb ty|omdi# Mjpm{t i~mhkci m lbvvbh(yw .LY+ tmhwji mv VF# Cii| mttyhi {by m|i kc vni vm|`iv mjpm{t dnide tmhwjit mcf vnic hmei ty|i {by |ihmkc kc vni vm|`iv* bc tmhwjit* vb tidvkbc VF# =7+ Kc mjj f|kjjkc` li i|{ mpm|i bo hyf mffkvkit mcf JDH pnkdn m|i* b| hm{ jmvi| li* kc vni t{tvih# Mc kcojy~ bo DmDB4  "`|bycf hm|lji mffkvki* ob| kctvmcdi* hm{ dmyti dbcoytkbc# Ko bc m cip |k` mjpm{t vmei mffkvki tmhwjit* pmtn vnih mcf tii pnmv vni{ jbbe jkei kc mfmcdi# Icty|i vni Hyf Ic`kcii| oiift {by kcob|hmvkbc fy|kc` f|kjjkc`#

OK@Y\I =1 Kc vni lykjf(yw tidvkbc m w|baidvkbc tnbyjf li hmfi mv imdn ob|hmvkbc vbw b| jb` wkde fbpc vb vni vbw bo vni vm|`iv# Fktvmcdi vb vni vbw bo vni vm|`iv kt dmjdyjmvif o|bh bootiv pijj fmvm#

4#4 VNI NB\KQBCVMJ TIDVKBC Vni oycfmhicvmjt bo `ibtvii|kc` m|i vb li kc dbcv|bj bo vni pijj# Vb fb vnkt {by hytv ecbp {by| dy||icv tv|mvk`|mwnkd wbtkvkbc mcf li mlji vb w|baidv vnkt mnimf mcf wjmc pni|i {by ciif vb li nimfkc`# Kc m nb|kqbcvmj pijj* vb ecbp {by| dy||icv tv|mvk`|mwnkd wbtkvkbc* ytymjj{ cidittkvmvit ecbpkc` {by| im|jki| tv|mvk`|mwnkd wbtkvkbct o|bh m fktvkcdv dbcv|bj wbkcv b| vni jmcfkc` wbkcv# M nb|kqbcvmj pijj dmc li jkeicif vb nbjfkc` m pkjf tcmei — ko {by fbc‛v fb kv |k`nv mcf tvm{ kc dbcv|bj* kv‛t `bkc` vb li ii|{pni|i mcf {by‛|i `bkc` vb `iv lkvvic# Vni pijj d|btt tidvkbc wjbv — Pnic f|mpkc` m pijj d|btt tidvkbc fkm`|mh vni tdmji hytv li mfaytvif vb tykv vni okijf# Kc |ijmvkij{ ojmv okijft .>0(;4 fi`|iit+ m tdmji bo =1=7 ob| V_F1_T kt |idbhhicfif# K pbyjf ytymjj{ yti < dh ob| =77 ov _T bc vni ~(m~kt mcf
Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i 9

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

\ihihli|* ko ytkc` mc i~m``i|mvif tdmji fb cbv yti m w|bv|mdvb| vb pb|e byv mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbct — mjpm{t fb m dmjdyjmvkbc# Mjpm{t li ty|i vb wbkcv byv vni i~m``i|mvif tdmji vb vni djkicv* bvni|pkti vni{ hm{ li nb||kokif mv vni mwwim|mcdi bo vni pijj wmvn* pnkdn kt kc |imjkv{ w|mdvkdmjj{ ojmv- Ko f|kjjkc` m pijj kc pnkdn mqkhyvn kt dbctvmcvj{ dnmc`kc` b| dnmc`it tk`ckokdmcvj{ vnic kv kt |idbhhicfif vb wjbv V_F m`mkctv Nb|kqbcvmj Jic`vn .NJ+ mcf cbv _i|vkdmj Tidvkbc ._T+# Kv kt mjtb |idbhhicfif kc vnkt dmti vb mjtb hmei m wjbv bo vni wjmc kip .Imtvkc`1Cb|vnkc`+# Vni wjmc kip wjbv ( Vnkt kt bo m|kmlji khwb|vmcdi# Kc hmc{ f|kjjkc` bwi|mvkbct* kv kt okci vb kip vni pijj o|bh m <(fkhictkbcmj wi|twidvki* aytv lim|kc` kc vni lmde bo {by| hkcf vni 4(fkhictkbcmj tv|ydvy|i# Ko vkhi kt m dbctkfi|mvkbc* vni wjmc kip wjbv dmc li fbci mpm{ pkvn kc „tv|mk`nv pijjt‛ tb jbc` mt vni jiov"|k`nv bootiv o|bh vni wjmc kt hbckvb|if djbtij{# Kc bvni| dmtit* omkjy|i vb ktymjkqi vni pijj o|bh m 4(fkhictkbcmj wi|twidvki pkjj jimf vb fktmtvi|- Vnkt kt wm|vkdyjm|j{ vni dmti pni|i vni pijj dnmc`it mqkhyvn fy|kc` vni jmcfkc` b| wm|v pm{ vn|by`n vni nb|kqbcvmj tidvkbc# Kc dbkjif vyli f|kjjkc`* fyi vb vni jmde bo |bvmvkbc bo vni tv|kc`* vni pijj wmvn cidittm|kj{ „tcmeit‛# Mqkhyvnmj dnmc`it vni|iob|i lidbhi khwb|vmcv kc w|ifkdvkc` vni dnmc`i kc fkw# Kc tv|bc`i| `ibjb`kdmj tv|ydvy|it* mqkhyvnmj dnmc`it lidbhi kcd|imtkc`j{ khwb|vmcv# Kc m wi|oidvj{ ojmv tv|ydvy|i* mqkhyvn dnmc`it m|i cbv khwb|vmcv# Vni pijj d|btt tidvkbc wjbv .mcf wjmc kip* ko |i}yk|if+ kt vni obdmj wbkcv bc pnkdn mjj fmvm kt mttkhkjmvif mcf kipif kc dbcvi~v pkvn# M `ibtvii|i| pnb fbit cbv w|bfydi m pijj d|btt tidvkbc fkm`|mh hk`nv li mdvkc` mt m `ici|mj pijjtkvi `ibjb`ktv b| tywi|ktb|* lyv kt cbv `ibtvii|kc`# Vnkt d|btt tidvkbc hytv li w|bfydif* lyv vni himct bo w|bfydkc` kv m|i bwic# O|bh m wi|tbcmj wbkcv bo kip K okcf vni hbtv iooidvki yti bo vnkt vbbj kt l{ nmcf wjbvvkc` vni tidvkbc bc `|mwn wmwi|# Vnkt kt lidmyti kc fbkc` tb* {by m|i ob|dif vb vnkce mlbyv vni fmvm mcf kip kv ty|i{ l{ ty|i{# K `ici|mvi mc kficvkdmj d|btt tidvkbc kc mc i~dij tniiv mcf vnkt icmljit hi vb hmei i|{ |mwkf dmjdyjmvkbct# Twidkmjktv tbovpm|i kt mmkjmlji mcf kv kt yw vb vni kcfkkfymj b| dbhwmc{ ko kv kt ytif# Bovic vnkt tbovpm|i tiiht vb khw|bi w|iticvmvkbc bo fmvm mt bwwbti vb khw|bkc` vni abl# Kc tbhi dmtit kv dmc iic fiv|mdv o|bh vni abl l{ tnkovkc` obdyt bc w|bfydkc` m wkidi bo „m|vpb|e‛ mt bwwbti vb tvii|kc` vni pijj# Ko twidkmjktv tbovpm|i kt ytif kv hytv hmvdn vni |i}yk|ihicvt bo vni abl# Tbhi jb` hmvdnkc` tbovpm|i dmc li bo yti# Kv yvkjkqit bootiv pijjt vb w|ifkdv vni jb` wmvvi|c mv m|kbyt mc`jit mcf kv kt vnic m dmti bo hmvdnkc` vni vpb jb` wmvvi|ct# Vnkt dmc li |iw|bfydif hmcymjj{ l{ vni `ibjb`ktv nbjfkc` vpb jb`t mcf dbhwm|kc` vnih* b| dnmc`i vni tdmji bo bci jb` mcf vnic dbhwm|i vnihVnkt v{wi bo tbovpm|i omjjt fbpc kc jmvi|mjj{ m|kmlji tnmjjbp pmvi| tifkhicvt* pni|i {by nmi vb vnkce jmvi|mjj{ mt pijj mt i|vkdmjj{# W|bljiht m|i mjtb bovic icdbycvi|if pnic m omyjv kt d|bttif — vni bwi|mvb|t obdyt bc vni jb`t* pnic vni mctpi|t m|i kc vni tmhwji ycfi| vni hkd|btdbwi# Vnkt v{wi bo tbovpm|i kt nk`nj{ fiwicficv bc vni bwi|mvb| — ko vni bwi|mvb| kt m wbb| `ibtvii|i| vnic ko {by oiif |yllktn kc* {by `iv |yllktn byv# Ycob|vycmvij{ kv kt bovic tmkf vnmv vni tbovpm|i fbit vni pb|e mcf vnic yc}ymjkokif b| kci~wi|kicdif `ibtvii|i|t m|i ytkc` kv mcf kv vnic tkhwj{ fbit cbv pb|e* mcf vnkt kt liob|i {by vn|bp m omyjv kc- Lbvvbh jkci kt m wkidi bo `|mwn wmwi| mcf i~wi|kicdif `ibtvii|i| pb|et livvi| vnmc mc{ tbovpm|i mjbci* mjvnby`n m `bbf `ibtvii|i| mcf `bbf tbovpm|i dmc li m `bbf wmk|kc` tb jbc` mt vni `ibtvii|i| fbit cbv nimkj{ |ij{ bc vni tbovpm|i# Ko mjj vni wbpi| `bit boo mcf mjj vni pb|e kt jbtv* ni"tni tnbyjf tvkjj li mlji vb fb vni abl# Tb* {by yti {by| d|btt tidvkbc fkm`|mh vb mttkhkjmvi mjj {by| fmvm* pnkdn kcdjyfit1 m+ Mjj {by| JPF fmvm# l+ Fivmkjif jkvnbjb`kdmj fmvm .vni `ibtvii|i| HYTV wi|tbcmjj{ i~mhkci mcf fitd|kli tmhwjit* eiiwkc` fivmkjif |idb|ft# Mvvicvkbc vb tylvji fivmkjt kt itticvkmj+# d+ Tnbpt fmvm f+ @mt fmvm

Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i ?

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc` i+ o+ `+ n+

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

Jbttit fmvm \BW fmvm Hkd|bwmjmibcvbjb`kdmj fmvm ko mmkjmlji# Cbvit tydn mt mt m `ici|mj v|icf vb f|kov |k`nv"jiov yw"fbpc .hm{ kcfkdmvi nm|fi|"tbovi| jm{i| mlbi"lijbp+* wbkcvt pni|i tvbwwif f|kjjkc`"WBBN .mt jb` mjyit hm{ dnmc`i kc vnkt tidvkbc+* vnby`nvt* ivd#

OK@Y\I <1 Ko vni pijj kt f|kjjkc` kc m „tbov‛ vm|`iv kv hm{ f|kov vb vni jiov ko vni|i kt m nm|f jm{i| mlbi* b| vb vni |k`nv ko vni nm|f jm{i| kt lijbp# Ko ycdi|vmkc ko {by m|i mv vni vbw b| lbvvbh kv kt pb|vn fktdyttkc` f|kov vicficd{ pkvn vni fk|idvkbcmj f|kjji| mt kv kt mcbvni| wbttklji jkci bo ikficdi#

k+

Mc{vnkc` ijti mmkjmlji — iic m vihwi|mvy|i dnmc`i hm{ nijw {by vb tii ko {by‛i icvi|if m cip ob|hmvkbc"jm{i|# Pik`nv bc lkv mcf ty|omdi \WH pkvn |ioi|icdi vb \BW bovic `ki djyit vb |bde w|bwi|vkit#

Vniti fmvm m|i cbv cidittm|kj{ wjbvvif bc vni d|btt tidvkbc fkm`|mh kvtijo* lyv m|i mjpm{t |ioi|icdif vb kv# Mc JPF jb`* ob| kctvmcdi* kt himckc`jitt bc kvt bpc — kv dbyjf li o|bh m i|vkdmj* fikmvif b| nb|kqbcvmj pijj# Vni JPF jb` hytv li wyv kcvb dbcvi~v pkvn vni ty|i{"v|maidvb|{ fmvm# Kv dmc vnic li kcvi|w|ivif5 mjj bvni| fmvm mjtb objjbpt vnkt |yji# Pnic mjj mmkjmlji fmvm kt hi|`if m djim| .b| tbhivkhit djbyf{+ wkdvy|i ihi|`it# Fiokckvi b| wbttklji liffkc` dmc vnic li f|mpc bcvb vni d|btt tidvkbc# Kc vnkt pm{ m |idb|f kt eiwv bo pni|i vni pijj nmt f|kjjif# Bovic kc m nb|kqbcvmj tidvkbc* ko {by ecbp pni|i {by pi|i vnic {by ecbp pni|i {by m|i cbp .mcf {by ecbp pni|i {by‛|i `bkc`+* pkvnbyv vnkt |idb|f kv kt imt{ vb lidbhi jbtv# Vni d|btt tidvkbc vnic hmeit vni okcmj pijj p|kvi(yw m l|iiqi4#6 DMJDYJMVKC@ LIFFKC@ KCDJKCMVKBC M `ibjb`ktv ytit fkw* pni|imt m fk|idvkbcmj f|kjji| ytit kcdjkcmvkbc# Kc b|fi| vnmv vni `ibjb`ktv dmc dbhhyckdmvi iooidvkij{ pkvn vni fk|idvkbcmj f|kjji| vni `ibjb`ktv tnbyjf |io|mkc o|bh ytkc` fkw mcf kctvimf mfbwv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc .mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc b| v|yi liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc+# =· mwwm|icv yw(fkw lidbhit l idbhit ;=· mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc# kcdj kcmvkbc# <#6· mwwm|icv fbpc(fkw fb pc(fkw lidbh it >0#?· mwwm|icv liffkc` liffk c` kcdjkcmvkbc# kcdjkcmv kbc# Mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc dmc li dmjdyjmvif b| itvkhmvif kc m cyhli| bo pm{t# =+ Tiikc` vni tmhi jb` oimvy|i |iwimvif — m hk||b| khm`i# Vnkt kt m i|{ |ijkmlji hivnbf bo dmjdyjmvkc` fkw# Tkhwj{ yti m lmtkd v|k`bcbhiv|{ oycdvkbc1 Vmc .Mc`ji+ 8 Dnmc`i kc V_F"Dnmc`i kc _T# Bc m Dmtkb dmjdyjmvb|1 Dnmc`i kc V_F"Dnmc`i kc _T 8 TNKOV VMC 8# 8# Bc m Dmcbc cf dmjdyjmvb| < VMC .Dnmc`i kc V_F"Dnmc`i kc _T+ 8# M hm|`kc bo i||b| bo tm{ 7#4 fi`|iit %"( hk`nv li blti|if ko |iwimv wbkcvt m|i |ijmvkij{ djbti# <+ Ko {by ecbp vni vnkdecitt bo {by| liffkc` {by dmc dmc dmjdyjmvi liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc kc vni tmhi pm{ mt mlbi* tylv|mdvkc` vni vnkdecitt bo vni lif# Vmc .Mc`ji+ 8 .Dnmc`i kc V_F ( lif vnkdecitt ^+"Dnmc`i kc _T# Bc m Dmtkb dmjdyjmvb|1 .Dnmc`i kc V_F — lif vnkdecitt ^+"Dnmc`i kc _T 8 cf TNKOV VMC 8# Bc m Dmcbc dmjdyjmvb| < VMC ..Dnmc`i kc V_F — lif vnkdecitt ^+"Dnmc`i kc

Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i 0

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

_T+ 8# Cbvi vnmv lif vnkdecitt tnbyjf tv|kdvj{ li wi|wicfkdyjm| vb liffkc`* lyv w|baidvkc` fk|idvj{ yw hmeit i|{ jkvvji fkooi|icdi pnic liffkc` kt fkwwkc` mv aytv m oip fi`|iit* mt kc hbtv bkj okijft# Ko liffkc` kt i|{ tviiw {by dmc hmei m `yitt bo vni fkw* mwwj{ m db||idvkbc omdvb| mcf w|baidv yw# Vnkt kt m lkv bo m dk|dyjm| m|`yhicv* lyv mjjbpt m }ykde dmjdyjmvkbc mcf kt livvi| vnmc cbvnkc`#

OK@Y\I 41 Vpb hivnbft bo dmjdyjmvkc` mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc o|bh mttyhif lif vnkdecitt mcf l{ |iwimv d|bttkc` bo vni tmhi lbycfm|{#

4+ Ko {by m|i f|kjjkc` mnimf mv m ok~if mc`ji mcf cbvnkc` kt dnmc`kc` vnic vnkt hk`nv li m tk`c vnmv {by m|i f|kjjkc` nb|kqbcvmjj{# Blkbytj{ vnkt fiwicft bc twidkokd dk|dyhtvmcdit* lyv kv kt m `bbf tk`c vnmv {by m|i objjbpkc` vni mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc# Ko kc vni |iti|bk| kv‛t litv vb cbv vbydn kc vniti dk|dyhtvmcdit mt `mkckc` m dbcv|bj wbkcv pkjj w|blmlj{ himc i~kvkc` vni vm|`iv# 6+ Khm`i jb`t# Bci dmc dmjdyjmvi vni fkw bo vni tv|mvm ytkc` vni khm`i jb`* vmekc` kcvb mddbycv mddbycv vni mc`ji bo vni nbji# Vnkt kt `ici|mjj{ yc|ijkmlji ob| nb|kqbcvmj f|kjjkc` kc h{ i~wi|kicdi# Vni hm|`kc bo i||b| kt kc vni |mc`i bo %"( = vb < fi`|iit* pnkdn kt cbv ytioyj pnic dnmc`it bo 7#4 fi`|iit hk`nv li d|kvkdmj# Khm`i jb`t m|i* nbpii|* i~v|ihij{ mjymlji kc `kkc` mc khw|ittkbc pnivni| {by m|i dyvvkc` yw b| fbpc vn|by`n liffkc` mcf pnivni| {by m|i fbkc` vnkt |mwkfj{ b| `|mfymjj{# Khm`i jb`t m|i tkhwji vb kcvi|w|iv# Wjm{ m|bycf pkvn vni tdmji vb bwvkhkqi vni khm`i mcf vnic m „thkji{ omdi‛ himct {by‛|i `bkc` yw mcf m „tmf omdi‛ himct {by‛|i `bkc` fbpc#

Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i >

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

OK@Y\I 61 Ytkc` khm`i jb`t vb fivi|hkci pnivni| vni pijj kt f|kjjkc` yw b| fbpc tv|mvk`|mwn{# Vni dicv|i bo vni khm`i jb` kt vni lbvvbh bo vni nbji mcf vni tkfit m|i vni vbw bo vni nbji# M tmf omdi kcfkdmvit vni pijj kt dyvvkc` fbpc vn|by`n vni tv|mvk`|mwn{ pnkjtv m thkji{ omdi kcfkdmvit vni pijj kt f|kjjkc` yw vn|by`n vni tv|mvk`|mwn{# Mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc dmc li dmjdyjmvif o|bh vni khm`i jb`t* lyv kt bovic cbv mddy|mvi icby`n ob| w|idktkbc `ibtvii|kc` kc m nb|kqbcvmj tidvkbc#

9+ Ko {by m|i dnmc`kc` mqkhyvn vnic ko {by nmi vpb mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbct bc vpb fkooi|icv mqkhyvnt {by dmc dmjdyjmvi vni v|yi liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc mcf mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc ob| mc{ mqkhyvn# Vnkt mttyhit cb dnmc`i kc v|yi fkw* tb {by hytv mttitt ko vnkt kt jkeij{ b| cbv#

OK@Y\I 91 Ko vni mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc kt ecbpc bc vpb mqkhyvnt* vnic vni mwwm|icv liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc dmc li dmjdyjmvif ob| mc{ mqkhyvn* mttyhkc` cb dnmc`i kc v |yi liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc#

?+ [by pkjj jkeij{ nmi m tikthkd hbfij mcf wiv|ij b| tv|ydvy|mj hbfij# [by tnbyjf yti vnkt vb mcvkdkwmvi dnmc`it kc liffkc` kcdjkcmvkbc# Movi| m oip pijjt kv pkjj lidbhi mwwm|icv mt vb nbp |ijkmlji vni okijf hbfij kt# @ici|mjj{ twimekc`* vni hbfij tnbyjf li kipif kc dbcvi~v pkvn mjj mmkjmlji |imj(vkhi fmvm mcf vnic m fidktkbc hmfi* kc dbctyjvmvkbc pkvn vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv* mt vb pnivni| vb objjbp vni wjmc b| fikmvi o|bh kv# Bovic* ko vni pijj likc` f|kjjif nmt djbtij{ bootiv pijjt vni fmvm pkjj li hb|i |ijkmlji# Ko vni pijj kt fiiw pkvn ktbjmvif bootiv pijjt vni fmvm pkjj li jitt |ijkmlji#

Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i ;

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

4#9 OMYJVKC@ M nb|kqbcvmj pijj tnbyjf li fitk`cif vb mbkf ecbpc omyjvt pni|i wbttklji* ycjitt vni blaidvki kt vb f|kjj vn|by`n vni omyjv kcvb m „cip‛ ljbde b| vni omyjv kt ycmbkfmlji# Omyjvkc` tnbyjf li wjmccif ob| — tikthkd fmvm tnbyjf li |ikipif mcf jkeij{ vn|bp fk|idvkbc mcf hm`ckvyfi tnbyjf li mttittif# Vni|i hm{ li m cyhli| bo djyit vb pnivni| m omyjv kt d|bttif# Bovic tmhwjit booi| vni ok|tv kcfkdmvkbct# Djim| d|{tvmjjkci dmjdkvi hm{ .b| hm{ cbv+ li w|iticv kc m dm|lbcmvi vm|`iv .Cbvi1 fb cbv dbcoyti pkvn DmDB4 mffkvki+# Bovic {by pkjj blti|i m tyffic mcf yci~widvif dnmc`i kc jkvnbjb`{* mjvnby`n vnkt kt fiwicficv bc nbp fktvkcdv fkooi|icv `ibjb`kdmj jm{i|t m|i# Bcdi JPF tictb|t m|i bi| vni kcvi|mj m tnm|w l|ime hm{ li tiic bc jb`t# \itktvkkv{ mjyit pkjj bovic tnbp m wime b| v|by`n dicvi|if bc vni omyjv .Cbvi1 mjpm{t dnide vnmv kv‛t cbv m tkc`ji lmf fmvm wbkcv+# Jbttit hm{ b| hm{ cbv li blti|if — ko m omyjv kt tytwidvif vnic dnide bc jbttit# Pnic kv kt itvmljktnif vnmv m omyjv nmt liic d|bttif kv dmc li pb|vn tvbwwkc` f|kjjkc` mcf dk|dyjmvkc` m tmhwji yw# Dk|dyjmvkc` m tmhwji yw kt `ici|mjj{ bcj{ pb|vnpnkji ko {by| `ib(jm{i|t m|i i|{ |imfkj{ fktvkc`yktnmlji bc tmhwjit# Hb|i ytymjj{ {by hytv f|kjj mnimf vb `mkc fmvm* ytymjj{ nbjfkc` vni mc`ji {by nmf w|kb| vb vni omyjv# Movi| =77 ov b| <77 ov* tbhivkhit hb|i* {by hm{ `mkc tyookdkicv kcob|hmvkbc vb mjjbp {by vb fidktkij{ `ibtvii| lmde vb vni vm|`iv# Kv kt litv cbv vb nmi m ecii(ai|e |imdvkbc# Vmei {by| vkhi* `mkc dbcokficdi kc vni tv|mvk`|mwnkd wbtkvkbc mcf hmei vni db||idv tvii|kc` fidktkbc ok|tv vkhi# Ko vni fidktkbc kt vmeic w|ihmvy|ij{ {by hm{ tvii| yw* bcj{ vb okcf {by nmi vb tvii| fbpc — vnkt imvt yw hb|i i|vkdmj tidvkbc vnmc ko m ciyv|mj mc`ji nmf liic nijf jbc`i| mcf vnic vni db||idv fidktkbc hmfi ok|tv vkhi# Omyjvkc` bovic cidittkvmvit m |i(vnkce bo vni pijj wjmc# Hm{li m tkfiv|mde bwvkbc kt vni pm{ ob|pm|f* lyv icty|i vnmv {by ecbp pnmv kt nmwwickc` mv vni omyjv liob|i tkfiv|mdekc`# [by hm{ mjtb pktn vb dbctkfi| mc mjvi|cmvi vm|`iv jm{i| ko vni omyjv kt jm|`i b| dmjjkc` VF ko vni vm|`iv kt ycmvvmkcmlji pkvnkc m |imtbcmlji fktvmcdi# 4#? DBHHYCKDMVKBCT M lk` wm|v bo vni `ibtvii|kc` vmte kt dbhhyckdmvkbc# Tvii|kc` fidktkbct m|i ytymjj{ abkcvj{ hmfi livpiic vni pijjtkvi `ibjb`ktv .`ibtvii|i|+ mcf bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv* mjvnby`n vni fi`|ii bo kcbjihicv bo vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv m|kit livpiic dbhwmckit# V{wkdmjj{ vni `ibtvii|i| pkjj myvbhmvkdmjj{ hmei hkcb| mfaytvhicvt vb tvm{ pkvnkc vni vm|`iv .kcob|hkc` vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv mt wi| nkt"ni| |i}yk|ihicv+# Tk`ckokdmcv wjmc mfaytvhicvt* vm|`iv i~kvt bo tk`ckokdmcv tv|ydvy|mj dnmc`it"omyjvkc` mjpm{t kcbji vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv# Hmab| dnmc`it tydn mt tkfiv|mde bwvkbct"w|ihmvy|i VF pkjj ytymjj{ `b vb nimf bo fiwm|vhicv .km vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv+ mcf li fktdyttif pkvn vni f|kjjkc` fiwm|vhicv# Ko kc fbylv vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv tnbyjf mjpm{t li kcbjif .fm{ b| ck`nv+ mcf dbhwmc{ hmc kcob|hif .fm{ b| ck`nv+# Pnic mc{ dnmc`it m|i hmfi mv pijjtkvi vni{ hytv blkbytj{ li dbhhyckdmvif vb vni fk|idvkbcmj f|kjji| .pnb pkjj dm||{ byv vni mfaytvhicv+* lyv tnbyjf mjtb li dbhhyckdmvif vb vni dbhwmc{ hmc* f|kjjkc` ic`kcii| ko |ijimcv* mcf vb {by| lmde(vb(lmde# Vni hbtv iooidvki pm{ vb dbhhyckdmvi dnmc`it kt kc p|kvkc`# Kv kt `bbf w|mdvkdi vb okjj kc m ob|h pkvn pijj cmhi* fmvi* vkhi* dy||icv HF* `ibtvii|kc` kctv|ydvkbct `kic* blti|mvkbct"|imtbckc` ob| dnmc`i mcf pnivni| fktdyttif pkvn bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv"|k` wi|tbccij* `ibtvii|i|t tk`cmvy|i .ko cidittm|{ vni fk|idvkbcmj f|kjji|t mcf dbhwmc{ hmc‛t tk`cmvy|i — mjvnby`n mbkf vnkt ko wbttklji mt kv pmtvit vkhi+# M dbw{ bo vnkt ob|h kt vnic fktv|klyvif vb vni fk|idvkbcmj f|kjji|* dbhwmc{ hmc mcf m dbw{ eiwv l{ vni `ibtvii|i|# Vni mfmcvm`i bo vnkt t{tvih kt vnmv ii|{bci kt kcob|hif mcf m |idb|f kt eiwv ko vni|i m|i tylti}yicv w|bljiht# M ti}yicdi bo iicvt dmc li itvmljktnif ko vni|i m|i hmab| w|bljiht tydn mt jbtt bo m vbbj# Mjtb vni fk|idvkbcmj f|kjji| dmccbv omkj vb wi|ob|h mcf vnic ljmhi vni `ibjb`ktv .b| ktm(i|tm+# Vni fk|idvkbcmj f|kjji| tnbyjf |idiki vni fbdyhicv bo dnmc`i mcf kv tnbyjf li

Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i =7

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

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fktdyttif kc wi|tbc# Fktdyttkbct l{ wnbci b| wm`i| dmc dmyti dbcoytkbc pnic fimjkc` pkvn d|ip bo fkooi|icv cmvkbcmjkvkit — omdi vb omdi fktdyttkbc kt itticvkmj# K pbyjf |idbhhicf vnmv vnkt w|bdify|i li objjbpif* lyv mv m hkckhyh vnic fkm|{ cbvit bo dnmc`it tnbyjf li hmfi vb icty|i vni|i kt cb dbcoytkbc mv tnkov dnmc`i(bi| mcf m |idb|f kt eiwv ko w|bljiht bddy|# M fkm|{* fbit cbv* nbpii|* w|iicv vni „ni tmkf* tni tmkf‛ tdicm|kb mt m tkc`ji dbw{ fkm|{ dmc li omjtkokif# Vni pijjtkvi `ibjb`ktv"`ibtvii|i| tnbyjf mjpm{t eiiw m nm|f dbw{ bo ei{ fmvm kc m pijj b|`mckqif okji# Vnkt mjjbpt vni `ibtvii|i| vb |mwkfj{ mdditt wmtv |iwb|vt* kcvi|w|ivmvkbct* ty|i{t* JPF fmvm mcf wmtv tvii|kc` fidktkbct hmfi# Ko tbhivnkc` nmwwict fy|kc` f|kjjkc` {by ciif vni fmvm mv {by| okc`i|vkwt vb tbji vni w|bljih |mwkfj{ mcf mctpi| }yitvkbct# Vni nm|f dbw{ mjtb icty|it `bbf nmcfbi| pkvn {by| lmde(vb(lmde# Vni nm|f dbw{ kt m `|imv lmdeyw kc dmti {by mddkficvj{ jbti tbov dbw{ fmvm# Mv vni icf bo f|kjjkc` vni pijj objfi| tnbyjf li eiwv vb nmcf bc vni |k` mt kv mjjbpt ob| |mwkf d|btt |ioi|icdi bo cbvit* vnyt mkfkc` oyvy|i f|kjjkc`# Bc vni |k`* fmkj{ hiivkc`t mcf hiivkc`t vb fktdytt hmab| dnmc`it kc wjmc tnbyjf li nijf# Kc vi|ht bo |iwb|vkc` vb vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv* vnkt kt fiwicficv bc nkt"ni| |i}yk|ihicvt# K pbyjf |idbhhicf vn|kdi fmkj{ |iwb|vkc` mcf vijiwnbci dbci|tmvkbc* pkvn m hmkc hb|ckc` |iwb|v mcf vpb ywfmvit# Vni hmkc |iwb|v tnbyjf kcdjyfi m `ibjb`kdmj |iwb|v* m d|btt tidvkbc* ty|i{ fmvm* JPF fmvm .JMT mcf WFO* HF mcf V_F .V_F cbv |i}yk|if pnic nb|kqbcvmj+* =1<77 mcf =1=777 tdmji kt cb|hmj* lyv m|{ mt cidittm|{+* hyfjb`* `mt fmvm mcf hyf jbtt fmvm# Vnkt |iwb|v tnbyjf li fijki|if khhifkmvij{ w|kb| vb bookdi nby|t# Ywfmvit tnbyjf kcdjyfi JPF mcf ty|i{ fmvm mcf d|btt tidvkbc mt cidittm|{# Ko vni bwi|mvkbct `ibjb`ktv nmt m |imj(vkhi |k`(jkce vnic vni ywfmvit hm{ cbv li |i}yk|if* lyv kv kt `bbf vb fktdytt f|kjjkc` w|b`|itt vb eiiw dbhhyckdmvkbct `bbf#

TIDVKBC 6 ( DBCDJYTKBCT Vb `ibtvii| m pijj {by hytv ok|tv jmcf vni pijj mv vni db||idv tv|mvk`|mwnkd jiij mcf mv vni db||idv mc`ji# Vnkt kt ytymjj{ m tv|mk`nv(ob|pm|f vmte pkvn vni db||idv wjmcckc`# Kc vni nb|kqbcvmj tidvkbc {by hytv mjpm{t ycfi|tvmcf .mt litv mt wbttklji pkvn mmkjmlji fmvm+ vni tv|ydvy|i"vm|`iv wbtkvkbc pni|i {by nmi liic f|kjjkc`* pni|i {by m|i cbp mcf vni hbtv w|blmlji tv|ydvy|i mnimf kc vni ycf|kjjif tidvkbc# Vni hbtv wbpi|oyj vbbj ob| mttkhkjmvkc` fmvm mcf mttittkc` vni tv|ydvy|i kt vni d|btt tidvkbc fkm`|mh# Ii|{ wkidi bo mmkjmlji fmvm tnbyjf li yvkjkqif mcf i|{ djbti mvvicvkbc wmkf vb tmhwjit# Vb w|baidv vni vm|`iv mnimf bci dmc tkhwj{ w|baidv mnimf bc vni d|btt tidvkbc b| dbhlkci vniti fmvm pkvn vni w|ifkdvif tv|ydvy|i o|bh bootiv pijjt mcf"b| tikthkd fmvm# Vni tydditt bo `ibtvii|kc` kt ytymjj{ fk|idvj{ |ijmvif vb vni }ymjkv{ bo vni `ibtvii|i|# L{ mfbwvkbc bo `bbf tvmcfm|f `ibtvii|kc` vidnck}yit* nbpii|* mc{ `ibtvii|kc` abl dmc li bwvkhkqif#

Myl|i{ Pn{hm|e

ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db#ye ppp#`ibtvii|kc`#db #ye

Wm`i ==

Lmtkd @ykfi vb @ibtvii|kc`

_i|tkbc =#7 .Dbw{|k`nv o|ii+

HIMTY\IHICVT MCF MLL\I_KMVKBCT YTIF1

OK@Y\I ?1 Tbhi bo vni lmtkd himty|ihicvt ytif kc f|kjjk c`# Mll|ikmvkbct dmc li obycf lijbp#

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