PETROPHYSICAL PETROPHYSI CAL EVA EVALUATION LUATION OF RESERVOIR ROCKS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON LOG-DERIVED CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF SHALY SANDS OF KADANWARI01, KADANWARI-03 AND KADANWARI-10 OF KADANWARI GAS FIELD FIE LD CENTRAL INDUS BASIN, PAKISATN PAKISATN
MS GEOPHYSICS SYNOPSIS (2012 – 2014)
Sup!"#$% &'
Dr.Mubarik Ali C(-$up!"#$% &'
Prof.Mu!!b A"#!$ Su&)#**% &'
%a#ra& 'a#a& E&roll. 02*2+2122*00, '!-.2//
FACULTY OF EARTH + ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES BAHRIA UNIVERSITY KARACHI 0
CONTENTS 1. IN'ODCION
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2. OCAION O3 SDY A'EA
. O5ECI6E
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4 .5SI3ICAION AND I%EY ENE3IS
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7. DAA 'E8I'ED
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+. MEHODOOGY
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,. CEN'A INDS ASIN
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9 .S'AIIG'APHY O3 CEN'A INDS ASIN
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/. IME PAN 3O' HESIS
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'E3E'ENCES
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FIGURES OCAION MAP
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SAEIE IMAGE'Y O3 SDY A'EA
S'AIG'APHY O3 HE A'EA
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TABELS IME PAN 3O' HESIS
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1. Introduction The southernmost part of the Indus basin is known as Lower Indus basin, Badin Block or adjacent areas are also part of this basin. The approximate limits are south of Khairpur i!h and extends into the "rabian #ea, $etroleum exploration started in back in 1%&0's in the Lower Indus basin. The (rst !as disco)er* was #ari+undi in Kirthar an!e- district adu whereas (rst major oil struck in earl* 1%/0s at Khaskheli, near Badin where se)eral lar!e and small oil and !as (elds ha)e been disco)ered since then. The Lower Indus basin can be di)ided into areas where eo!ene to 2retaceous rocks are exposed- western part alon! Kirthar an!e and into the areas where no surface !eolo!* exposed or minor at lesser extent !eolo!ical units of eo!ene to $leistocene are croppin! outBadin Block are areas nearb* all are without surface !eolo!ical expression. In Badin area, earl* 2retaceous #embar 3ormation is considered as the principal source rock whereas clastics of the 4arl* 2retaceous a!e Lower 5oru 3ormation is the main reser)oir. Traps in the Badin area is !enerall* tilted fault blocks associated with normal faults de)eloped durin! Late 2retaceous and 4arl* $aleocene rift phase. The cap rock is in)ariabl* all the time is impermeable marl and shale se6uence of 7pper 5oru 3ormation whereas the 4arlu $aleocene )olcanic 8ow, known as eccan basalt, belie)ed to be the reason for pro)idin! increasin! temperature to the underl*in! sediments includin! source rock 9#embar and 5oru:which help to !enerate h*drocarbon from the source and the process of the oil expulsion started to take place. ;il of Badin is )er* hi!h 6ualit*, it is sweet and para
to && and eas* to 8ow. Thou!h oil in the southern part of the Badin area found to be hea)* and wax*. The oil reser)oir depth is from >000ft to 1=&00ft. Khaskeli, 5olarchi, Bhatti, Turk, Tando "lam, Bobb* and $asakhi are the lar!e oil and !as (elds of this area. Badin area is considered fa)orable for oil and !as whereas western part of the Lowwer Indus Basin 9Kirthar hills and mountains:and >
adjacent area known for its !as potential. In Lower Indus, so far more than 1>T23 9trillion 2ubic feet? !as reser)es and more than 100 million barrels oil ha)e been disco)ered in Lower Indus Basin whereas more than %0@ oil production is from Badin area. The oil operators in this re!ion are, ;52L and B$. Khaskeli is the (rst and the lar!est oil(eld in Badin "rea so far.
2. Location of study area Kadanwari 5as 3ield, located in the 2entral Indus Basin #indh pro)ince of $akistan, as shown in Aap and satellite ima!e below.
Figure 1 : Map showing location of study area
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Figure 2 : Satellite Imagery of Kadanwari 3 O&.*#"$ The main purpose of well logging is the identification and evaluation of the potential of hydrocarbon bearing formations. The main objecti)es of this thesis is
e)aluation of h*drocarbons of Kadanwari 01 , Kadanwari 0= and kadanwari 10 of Kadanwari !as (eld 2entral Indus basin and correlation of these wells with the help of wireline lo!s with #pecial emphasis of this thesis is on the potential of a zone is measured by estimating its water saturation, S w. In past clean (shale free) formations, water saturation can be calculated using the wellnown !rchie"s e#uation. !rchie"s e#uation is based on the assumption that brine is the only electric conductor in the formation. $owever, this is not the case in shaly sand formations where ions associated with clay minerals also transport electricity. The presence of clay minerals results in reduction of the S% deflection, & S% and an increase
in the roc conductivity, ' t. $ence, cation echange capacity, which represents the clay ability to conduct electricity, has a considerable effect on the evaluation of hydrocarbonbearing formations. 'onse#uently, the use of clean sand models to estimate the water saturation results in inaccurate estimation of the potential of hydrocarbon zones. The result is usually higher water saturation than actually present in the formation.
urin! this stud* we 2arr* out petroph*sical interpretation of the pro)ided wireline lo!s of mentioned wells , which are as follow i. 2alculate the )olume of shale. ii. etrmine the porosit* and permeabilit* of reser)oirs. iii. Litholo!* i). etermine Cater saturation and *drocarbon saturation. ). Lo!+deri)ed cation exchan!e capacit* of shal* sands. )i. et pa* thickness )ii. 2orrelations of lo!s 4. usti!cation and Li"ely #ene!ts Ce ha)e exploited almost all of the structural traps and Done of interest of the stud* area, ow we are approach the lo!+deri)ed cation exchan!e capacit* of shal* sands techni6ues for water saturation determination to re optimiDed reser)oir of the stud* area. B* inte!ratin! petroph*sical anal*sis I will establish reser)oir characteristics 9porosit*, permeabilit*:, *drocarbon saturation and other petroph*sical characteristics. / D* Ru#!)2*
Cith the permission of irectorate 5eneral of $etroleum 2oncession the data will be collected from LAK. The data re6uire for the completion of research are as follow- complete suite of L"# 9Lo! "scii #tandard: (le of wireline lo! data, 3inal well report and tools e.!. $etrelEkin!dom suit and 5eo!raphix suit. ;pen hole wireline lo!s of Kadanwari 01, Kadanwari 0= and Kadanwari 10 wells , which includes a. #onic lo! b. ensit* lo! c. 5amma ra* lo! d. #pontaneous $otential lo! e. esisti)it* lo! f. eutron lo! !. Bhorehole !eometr* lo! M*4(%(5(6'
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The method use to detrmine for petroph*sical characteristics are as follow aw lo! cur)es
6olu#! of :"al!
i;"olo-<
Poro:i;< = P!r#!abili;<
Sa;ura;io& of >a;!r
Sa;ura;io& of "<$ro?arbo&
N!; @a< ;"i?k&!::
Co&?lu:io&
$. %entral Indus &asin
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The 2entral Indus basin is separated b* Gacobabad and Aari Kandhkot hi!hs 9#ukkur ift: from #outheren Indus basin.The 2entral Indus basin is di)ided into three main units shown in (!ure =. 1. $unjab $latform >. #ulaiman epression i. Ea:; :ulai#a& $!@r!::io& ii. i&$a@ir I&&!r 3ol$!$ o&! iii. Mari u-;i I&&!r fol$ o&! . Sulai#a& 3ol$ !l;
Figure ' : %entral Indus &asin and the su&di(isions into petroleum )one *after +a)a et al, 1--/ $.1 0una& 0latform Kadri, 91%%&: describes this part as the eastern se!ment of 2entral Indus Basin where
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no surface outcrops of sedimentar* rocks are present. Tectonicall* it is a broad monocline dippin! !entl* towards the #ulaiman epression. $unjab $latform is tectonicall* the least aected area because of its !reater distance from collision Done. " number of wells ha)e been drilled on this platform. The strati!raphic se6uence established on the basis of these wells re)ealed some of the most si!ni(cant strati!raphic pinch outs in $akistan. $.2 Sulaiman epression This depression is lon!itudinall* oriented area of subsidence- it becomes arcuat and takes up a trans)erse orientation alon! its southern rim.This depression was formed as result of collision between two plates. The western 8ank of depression includes Jindapir Inner 3olded Jone while Aari Bu!ti Inner 3olded Jone lies in the south , to the east it mer!es into $unjab $latform. The seismic e)idence shows some buried anticlines 9e.!. amak: which ma* ha)e been formed due to the 8ow of 4ocene shales.
$.' Sulaiman Fold #elt This is a major tectonic feature in the proximit* of collision Done and, therefore, contains a lar!e number of disturbed anticlinal features.The most important lithostrati!raphic )ariations obser)ed in #ulaiman epression and the 3old Belt are in $aleoceneE4ocene. This period marks the facies chan!es from north to south and east to west. The reason for this )ariation is belie)ed to be the presence of a number of new basins at that time, created due to the collision of plates and their irre!ular and non+uniform coalescence. 7 S*!*#6!p4' (8 *4 C2*!5 I2%u$ &$#2
The !eneraliDed strati!raph* of central Indus basin ran!es from AesoDoic formations to recent.
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Figure 43 enerali)ed Stratigraphic %olumn of %entral Indus &asin
9 TIME PLAN FOR THESIS W(!: F5(;
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Pro@o:al :ub#i::io& Da;a ?oll!?;io& S;u$!ll: "!:i: >ri;i&"!:i: :ub#i::io&
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1. asir "hmed , 5iacomo #padini , "rshad $alekar , A. "sim #ubhani,
$orosit* prediction usin! = #eismic in)ersion Kadanwari 5as (eld , $akistan ,$akistan journal of h*drocarbon research ol. 1H, 9Gune >00H:,p.%&+10>. 2. Kadri, I.B., 1%%&, $etroleum 5eolo!* of $akistan, $akistan $etroleum Limited. Karachi, p.==. . "nna Ber!er , #usanne 5ier and $eter Krois, $orosit* preser)in! chlorite cement in shallow marine )olcani+clastic sandstones e)idence from 2retaceous sandatones of the #awan !as (eld, $akistan, ""$5 Bulletin, %= , o & , ma* >00%, $.&%F. 4. Ma"#u$ S.A a&$ A"#!$ S"a#i# (200/) F'!:!rBoir Po;!&;ial of o>!r Nari Sa&$:;o&!: i& Sou;"!r& I&$u: a:i& a&$ I&$u: Off:"or! Pr!:!&;!$ o& SPEPAPG A&&ual !?"&i?al Co&f!r!&?! 200/. 7. M. A&>ar Mo-"al M. I:"a Sai a&$ M. A;"ar 5a#i 2012 H<$ro?arbo& Po;!&;ial of i-"; Sa&$ '!:!rBoir (Pab Sa&$:;o&!) i& C!&;ral I&$u: a:i&*Paki:;a&. +. Khattak 3 5., #hafee6 A., "li # A.,e!ional trends in porosit* and
permeabilit* of reser)oir horiDons of Lower 5oru formation, Lower Indus Basin, $akistan. $akistan Gournal of *drocarbon esearch ol.11, 9Ganuar* 1%%%:.p.=H+&0, / 3i!s., = Tables. ,. #hahid A "., ahman #., #hah # . , a6 A J. , $alekar " .,
Identi(cation of Low esisti)it* *drocarbon Bearin! eser)oirs in Lower M Aiddle Indus Basin 7sin! ")ailable Cireline Lo!s.$"$5+#$4 "T2, >00/. 9. Candre* 2 G., Law B 4., and #hah "., #embar 5oruE5haDij
2omposite Total $etroleum #*stem, Indus and #ulaiman+Kirthar 5eolo!ic $ro)inces, $akistan and India. 7.#. 5eolo!ical #ur)e* Bulletin >>0/+2. /. au, *.+. and assiouni ai, /evelopment and 0ield !pplications of Shaly Sand %etrophysical *odels %art I1 The 'onductivity *odel,2 S%& %ublications, S%& 34567, 8994.
10. /emircan, :., &stimation of Shale 'ation &change 'apacity ;sing og /ata1 !pplication to the /rilling
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