B2 Grammar Syllabus and Exercises for the LRN

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Grammar Syllabus and Exercises Revised

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Grammar Syllabus and Exercises

B2

TENSES Simple Present

They always watch a film. He works as a teacher. The sun rises in the east. If I see him, I will tell him. In case more guests come, I will cook more. When he finishes work, he will go out. The bus leaves at 10 tomorrow. Present Continuous

They are taking a test now. They are flying tomorrow. He is working hard these days. He is getting taller and taller. Simple Past

He called me yesterday/two days ago etc. She cooked, cleaned the house and washed the dishes. How long ago did he leave? They always went out on Saturday night. It is time he left. I wish I had more free time. If he had more money, he’d buy a car. He has been here since he graduated. While he was watching TV, the phone rang. He told me that he worked as a teacher. As soon as he came in, I told him the t he news. Used to do

She used to go the gym, but now she prefers to go jogging. be used to doing

I was used to waking up early. Past Continuous

She was working when I called.

Was going to do

I was going to drive to the town. Present Perfect

He has disappeared. He has already / just left. She has always/never wanted a bicycle. Has she ever visited Paris? He has done two exercises so far/up to now. He has been here since 2010. He has been here since he graduated. She has worked in London for ten years. It is/has been ten years since I (last) saw him. How long is it/has it been since he left? How long has he studied English? I have seen him recently/lately. She has called him several times this week. This is the first time he has (ever) travelled. This is the best film he has (ever) seen. He has never seen such a good film before. He hasn’t finished his work yet. Have you cooked yet? He still hasn’t done his homework. I have been to Italy before. I have been in Italy for ten years. He has gone to Italy. Present Perfect Continuous

He has been talking on the phone for 3 hours. She has been living in London since 2010. She has been living in London since she finished college. He looks tired. He has been working hard. How long have you been reading this book? Simple Future

I think/believe/assume/expect/doubt/ hope that he will find a job.















Grammar Syllabus and Exercises In case more people come, I will cook more. If she studies a lot, she will pass. “There’s no bread.” “I will go to the bakery.” Don’t talk loudly or she will hear you. If you do this again, I will tell your parents. It will be cold tomorrow. Shall we go out? Let’s watch a film, shall we? Let me clean your car, will you/won’t you? you? Get good marks and I will buy you a phone. Will you drive me to the centre? am going to do

He is going to do his homework tonight. Other forms to express the future

He is about to leave. She is on the point of starting her own business. Future Continuous

He will be studying for ten hours tomorrow. At this time tomorrow, he will be swimming. Will you be working tomorrow? Future Perfect

She will have done all the work by 7 tomorrow. By the time/ When he comes, I will have finished. She will have prepared dinner before the guests arrive. Future Perfect Continuous

By next year, he will have been playing tennis for 10 years. By the time mum comes, she will have been doing the housework for 4 hours. Past Perfect

She had met him before she went to college. After she had retired, she travelled a lot. By lunchtime yesterday, he had finished

B2 It was the first time he had lied to me. He said that she had seen him a month before. I wish she had told me the truth. If she had had time, she’d have visited me. She talked to me as if she had known me. Past Perfect Continuous

She had been talking on the t he phone for an hour before I came in. After she had been driving around for an hour, she found the hotel. By lunchtime yesterday, he had been be en painting the room for three hours. By the time I arrived home, he had been working in the garden for three hours. He told me that she had been studying all night. I wish he had been paying more attention during yesterday’s lesson. If he had been paying attention to the lesson, he would have understood it. Stative Verbs: No continuous tenses

hear, feel, see, taste, smell, sound, desire, like, dislike, hate, need, want, wish, wis h, belong, have, own, possess, contain, cost, measure, weigh, look, believe, understand, think that, consider, regard as, doubt, expect that, forget, remember, imagine, know, prefer, realise, recognise, guess, suppose, suspect, appear, seem, consist, depend, deserve, fit, matter, mean, owe, trust, be But

She is not feeling well today. The soup tastes/smells nice. She is seeing her friends tonight. She is having a great time. She is measuring the table. He is weighing the potatoes. She is looking at him. He is thinking of moving. She is considering buying a car.















Grammar Syllabus and Exercises Practice Exercises

B2 Tenses

1. Let’s rash. The cinema ………. at 9 o’clock. A. is beginning B. begins C. will have begun 2. She ………. an expensive car. A. owns B. is owning C. is owned 3. She ………. all the wedding arrangements by tomorrow. A. will make B. is making C. will have made 4. Her cousin ………. at her house this week. A. had stayed B. stays C. is staying 5. Nowadays living in a city ………. more and more dangerous. A. becomes B. is becoming C. was becoming 6. Can you turn down the music? Your mother ………. her students’ papers. A. is correcting B. has corrected C. was about to correct 7. She ………. the piano for two hours now. A. has been playing B. is playing C. has played 8. She hasn’t bought a newspaper since she ………. a computer. A. was given B. has given C. was giving 9. Her roommate moved into her flat just a week ago so she hasn’t been used ………. responsibilities yet. A. to share B. sharing C. to sharing 10. At 9 o’clock yesterday, they ………. ready for their trip. A. got

11. The twins ………. on television shows since they were 10. A. are appearing B. appeared C. have been appearing 12. After the baby ………. asleep, she turned off the light. A. had fallen B. was falling C. would have fallen 13. He ………. such an attractive woman before. A. didn’t meet B. hasn’t met C. wasn’t meeting 14. Where ………. at this time tomorrow? A. will you swim B. do you swim C. will you be swimming swimming 15. It is the first time ti me she ………. ………. a horse. A. has ridden B. is riding C. rides 16. Although they have travelled a lot, they haven’t ever been ………. Rome before. A. to B. in C. at 17. I am about ………. so I can’t help you. A. to leave B. to leaving C. to have left 18. By the time her dad arrived home, she ………. for four hours. A. had studied B. was studying C. had been studying 19. Don’t be so noisy or she ………. you to leave l eave the room. A. will ask B. has asked C. asks 20. As soon as he ………. the flowers, he’ll take the dog for a walk. A. had watered
















B2

MODALS

Ability

She can speak two foreign languages. She is able to run fast. She has got the ability to draw portraits. She can help me tomorrow. She will be able to finish the project soon. When he was young, he could run fast. When he was young, he had the ability to run fast. Assumption

She must be tired. She must be making a lot of money. She must have been upset. He must have been working hard. He can’t be tired. He can’t be telling you the truth. He can’t / couldn’t have seen se en her. She can’t/couldn’t have been studying. stud ying. I (don’t) suppose/ think/ believe / assume he left. I am (not) sure he left. Criticism

You should/ought to have prepared for the test. You should / ought to have been listening li stening to him. It would have been better to follow/ if you had followed her advice. Why didn’t you do what he wanted? Possibility

She may/might/could come later. She may be sleeping now.

Perhaps/maybe, she will come later. It is possible/likely that she will come later. She is likely to come later. There is a /every / no / possibility / likelihood / chance that she will come later. Advice

You should work harder. You ought to revise your notes. You had better drive slowly. It would be better (for you) to take the train. It would be better if you went to the dentist. It is time for you to rest. It is time you relaxed. It would be a good idea for you to smoke less. It would be a good idea if you bought a bike. If I were you, I would join the sports club. Why don’t you read a book? Necessity

You (don’t) need to find a job It’s (not) necessary to talk about it. You (don’t) have to help him. There is no need to hurry. You needn’t answer the phone. Need he come for an interview? Obligation

They must obey the rules. I must stop smoking. He has to do a lot of homework. She is/was supposed to write an essay. He had to save money for the trip. Suggestions

Shall we watch a film? Let’s watch a film.

















Grammar Syllabus and Exercises Offers

Can I carry the suitcase for you? Shall I carry the suitcase for you? I will carry the suitcase for you. Prohibition

You mustn’t talk loudly. It’s forbidden/prohibited / not allowed to park here. It’s against the law/the rules to exceed the limit. Smoking in public places is forbidden/prohibited/ not allowed.

B2 Permission /Concession

Can/May/Could/Might I turn up the radio? Do you mind if I turn on the radio? Would you mind if I turned on the radio? I was wondering if I could turn on the radio. Yes, you may/can/could do it. No, you may/can/could not do it. Requests

Can/Could/ Will/Would open the door? Open the door.


















B2 Modals – Infinitives Infinitives

1.

I’m not sure if I can make it for dinner. I ………. have to work late this evening. A. should B. may C. must

2.

Her son …... …... say the alphabet before before he started school. A. might B. was able C. could

3.

My friend couldn’t talk to me when I called; she ………. doing her homework. A. should be B. must be C. C. might have been

11. She has been working since morning. She ………. exhausted. A. should be B. must be C. could have been 12. If you want my advice, you ………. take the train. It’s more reliable. A. had better B. would be better C. should better 13. He went to the party. He ………. have been ill. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t

4.

The lights are on. They ………. have come back from their holidays. A. should B. must C. would

5.

I’m afraid I ………. lend you my car today. I need it to go to the supermarket. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. might not

6.

She must ………. in the park now. A. be jogging B. have jogged C. have been jogging

16. I suggest ………. a pizza. A. to order B. us to order C. ordering

7.

She doesn’t feel much pain anymore. She ………. have taken a pain killer. A. should B. had to C. must

17. ………. you mind if I invited some friends over? A. Will B. Do C. Would

8.

You should see the interior of their house. It must

14. ‘It’s a nice day. ………. we take the kids to the zoo?’ ‘Great idea.’ A. Must B. Shall C. Would 15. You ………. eat in the classroom. It’s not allowed. A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. ought not

18. ‘I’m very hungry.’ ‘………. I make you a sandwich? A. Will


















B2

INFINITIVE

Active Voice

(to) do (to) be doing (to) have done (to) have been doing Passive Voice

(to) be done (to) have been done

She encouraged him to keep trying. She forbade them to leave the building. She warned him not to drive in the storm. She invited them to come to dinner. He ordered them to be quiet. She reminded him to post the letter. She urged them to revise the notes. She wanted them to wear warm clothes. She prefers to stay home. She would like/love/hate/prefer to go out.

Verbs + Infinitive

He agreed to help me. He needed to work. She attempted to jump. She can’t afford to buy a car. She has decided to move. He demanded to know the questions. She expected to get a job. He offered to drive me to work. She is planning to go on holidays. She pretends to be innocent. She promised to come on time. She refused to lend her car to him. She hopes to succeed. She remembered to lock the door. She forgot to lock the door. She intends to travel abroad. She seems/appears to be upset. She is learning to drive.

She was made to wash the car. They were seen to enter the building. She was heard to call his name. She got him to redo the exercise. Adjectives + infinitive

I am afraid to walk alone at night. He was happy/delighted to meet them. She was glad to participate in the project. She was pleased to hear that she passed. The exercise was difficult/easy to solve. He was proud to be a good student. She was willing to help out. She was surprised to hear the news. He was fortunate/lucky to have a good job. She felt ready to live on her own. He was satisfied to have applied for the job. He was prepared to fight for his rights. She will be disappointed to hear you’re leaving.


















B2

He had them tidy up their room. She let them leave the room. She would rather go to the theatre. They had better eat at home. Why not play computer games? They only thing he can do is (to) complain. The only thing to do is (to) complain. What he can do is (to) complain.

Too adjective / adverb to do

He is too young to drive. She talks too fast to understand her. Question words to do

He doesn’t know what to do. She didn’t know where to go. To tell you the truth, I didn’t go to work today. t oday. To cut a long story short, she disappeared. To be honest, I can’t reveal her secret.

It is Adjective to do

It is nice to see you. It is dangerous to talk to strangers.

It Noun to do

Adjective/Adverb enough to do Enough Noun to do

It was a pleasure to be with wit h you. It was my honour to work with you.

She is old enough to travel on her own. She speaks loudly enough to hear her. She’s got enough patience to be a teacher.

PARTICIPLES Active Voice

All the students taking the test are nervous. She saw a child crossing the road. He heard a woman calling for help. She smelled something burning. He came home running. She caught him cheating. She found him crying in his room. r oom. She left/kept him waiting outside. She is busy doing her housework.


















B2

GERUND

Active Voice

Doing Having done

Passive Voice

Being done Having been done Verbs + doing

She likes/loves/enjoys painting. He hates/dislikes washing the dishes. She resisted being arrested. He admitted cheating. She accused him of stealing her money. She doesn’t mind working late. He avoided talking to her. She misses going to parties. He can’t help laughing. It is (not) worth/It’s no use/It’s no good/There is no point in crying. She doesn’t feel like going out. She practised playing the piano. He postponed/put off meeting with her. She denied bullying her classmates. He is considering changing jobs. She remembers locking the door. She forgot putting out her cigarette. He finished cooking. She proposed/suggested/recommend travelling by plane. Gerunds as nouns

Verbs + doing

She will stop drinking. I was/got used to living in a flat. He was in favour of going to the cinema. She has difficulty (in) talking to people. His job means working long hours. He fancies listening to rock music. Can you imagine living alone? He never mentioned being fired. He kept trying despite the problems. She reported being bullied. She looks forward to having a summer holiday. She regrets telling him her secrets. He went on talking about his trip for hours. She tried eating fish for the first time. I am sorry for having made you wait. My hair needs cutting/to be cut. She continued explaining the problem. She started/began to complain/complaining. She can’t stand/bear listening/to listening/to listen to loud music

Prepositions + gerunds




















B2 Infinitives – Gerunds Gerunds – Participles Participles

1.

He pretends ………. friendly. Don’t trust him. A. being B. to be C. himself to be

2.

Since she demanded ………. where he was, I gave in and told her. A. knowing B. to know C. having known

3.

4.

5.

6.

I can’t imagine ………. anywhere else but in the city. A. to live B. to be living C. living They would rather ………. than watch television. A. to sleep B. sleep C. sleeping He’s really ………. going on bike rides with his friends. A. missed B. refused C. decided She ………. looking at him when he entered the room. A. expected

11. He’s ………. lazy to do anything around the house. A. so B. too C. enough 12. She was really happy ………. that she was admitted to college. A. hearing B. to hearing C. to hear 13. His grandmother ………. him to clean the garden for her. A. had B. let C. got 14. He is likely ………. by an older student yesterday. A. to be bullied B. being bullied C. to have been bullied 15. There’s no point ………. so hard. A. working B. to work C. in working 16. ………. talking during the test, he copied the answers from another student. A. Apart from




















B2

PASSIVE VOICE Transitive Verbs (all tenses and infinitives)

The police arrested the thief. The thief was/got arrested (by the police). He is going to/may fix the car. The car is going to/may be fixed by him. What did they steal? What was stolen? Everybody talked about the film. The film was talked about (by everyone). Snow covered the garden. The garden was covered with snow.

Impersonal/Personal Structures

They say/It is said that she has/will have her own business. She is said to have her own business. They say/It is said that he is working hard. He is said to be working hard. They say/It is said that she disappeared yesterday. She is said to have disappeared yesterday. They say/It is said that they were fighting. fi ghting. They are said to have been fighting.

He used glass to make this statue. stat ue. The statue was made of glass. See, hear, let, help

I saw her leave/leaving.

need

The car needs fixing.




















B2 Passive Voice – Causative Causative

1.

It is said that two men ………. last weekend. A. were disappeared B. disappeared C. were disappearing

2.

Robots may soon ………. for all household chores. A. be using B. be used C. have been used

3.

4.

5.

6.

She hates it ………. lies so you’d better admit to what you have done. A. when she is told B. to be told C. telling They were last seen ………. in the park. A. cycle B. being cycling C. cycling The cake is made ………. dark chocolate so it doesn’t have a lot of calories. A. by B. with C. from He hasn’t had his car ………. since he bought it. A. servicing

11. The thief is said ………. outside his house last night. A. he was arrested B. that was arrested C. to have been arrested 12. They ………. the accident happened because of the storm. A. are believed B. are believing C. believe 13. The children ………. to watch some television before dinnertime. A. are allowed B. are let C. are used 14. There were a lot of mistakes in her book. She should ………. it edited by a professional editor. A. get B. have had C. be made 15. The car engine is making a weird noise. It needs ………. . A. be checked B. checking C. to having checked




















B2

CONDITIONALS Zero Conditional

If you heat water at 100 degrees, it boils. 1st Conditional

If she works hard, she will/may/can be promoted. If he calls, tell him to meet me at 7. As/So long as he studies, he will pass. Provided/Providing he finds a job, he’ll buy a new car. Suppose/Supposing he has enough money, he’ll go on holidays. Suppose/What if /Imagine you win the lottery, l ottery, what will you do? On condition you hand in your paper in time, you’ll pass the course. Unless she studies, she won’t pass. She will pass only if she studies. Even if he apologises, I won’t forgive him. 2nd Conditional

If she worked hard, she

Suppose/Supposing he had had enough money, he’d have gone on holidays. Suppose/What if /Imagine you had won the lottery, what would you have done? She would have passed only if she had studied. Even if he had apologised, I wouldn’t have forgiven him. Other if- structures

I was wondering if/whether you could help me. (asking sm to do sth) I don’t don’t know/doubt/wonder if/whether he is coming. (uncertainty) If you would like to call me, please do so. (desire) He asked me if/whether he would leave. (reported speech) Unreal Past Present

I wish he were here today.




















B2 Conditionals – Unreal Unreal Past

1.

Provided she rents a studio, her expenses ………. . A. will be reduced B. may reduce C. would have reduced

11. I was wondering if you ………. me a lift back home. A. could give B. gave C. have given

2.

Unless she ………. a private tutor, she would have difficulty understanding the lessons. A. didn’t hire B. hired C. couldn’t hire

12. ………. he won the lottery, would you marry him? A. Unless B. Imagine C. Supposed

3.

Suppose he fired you, what ……….? A. will you do B. you could do C. would you do

4.

………. you eat healthy food and exercise, you won’t gain weight. A. Unless B. So long as C. In case of

13. Even if he calls to apologise, apologise, ………. him I don’t want to talk to him. A. you’re telling B. you’d have told C. tell

5.

6.

On ………. you talk on the phone less, I’ll buy you a new mobile phone. A. situation B. the circumstance C. condition She wouldn’t have solved any of the problems if he ………. .her.

14. Providing she had had more courage, she ………. to reach the top. A. would try B. didn’t try C. would have tried 15. He wishes he ………. all the doors last night. A. had locked B. locked C. would lock 16. The music is too loud. I wish he ………. it down.






















B2

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Order

Adjectives + noun noun He is a smart girl. Verb + adverb He talked loudly. Linking verbs + adjective They are naughty. He became angry. She remained calm. She appears/seems/looks friendly. The song sounds familiar.

Comparisons/Adjectives and Adverbs

He is taller than I am. He is the tallest of all/in class. It is hotter today than yesterday. It is the hottest season of the year. He is busier today than yesterday. He is the busiest employee in the office. He got up earlier than yesterday. He wakes up the earliest of all. She ran more quickly than they did. He drives faster than I do. He drives the fastest of all. His new book is more interesting than his



















Grammar Syllabus and Exercises Order (continued)

Adjective only after linking verbs She became ill. She fell asleep. He looked embarrassed. She is alive. He is pleased. She is glad. Adjectives only before nouns The only reason The upper classes The indoor/outdoor court

B2 As

He works as a teacher. He is known as a creative person. She is regarded as a patient teacher. She is described as a friendly employee. He did things as usual. He accepted me as a friend. She treats me as an enemy. He plays the guitar and sings as well. Like

He works like a dog. She looks/is like her father. He has a car like mine. What is your city like?




















B2 Adjectives – Adverbs Adverbs

1. The teacher requested that they should all remain ………. during the lecture. A. silently B. silent C. at silence

11.She 11. She has been taking her medicines and she is getting ………. . A. more better B. better and better C. the best

2. If they hadn’t behaved so ………., they wouldn’t have been punished. A. bad B. worst C. badly

12.She 12. She hasn’t had ………. hair before. A. so long a B. such long C. a very long

3. She bought a ………. table. A. wooden small brown B. small brown wooden C. brown small wooden 4. That was ………. concert I had ever been to. A. the better B. one of the best

13.Her 13. Her friend studies twice ………. she does. A. as hard as B. such hard as C. so hardly as 14.Tell 14. Tell me ………. their house is like. A. how B. what C. which




















B2

REPORTED SPEECH

Direct Speech Statements “She plays well,” he said (to me) “She is playing well,” he said. “She will play well,” he said. “She will be playing well,” he said. “She played well,” he said. “She has played well,” he said. “She has been playing well,” he said. “She had played well,” he said. “She had been playing well,” he said. “She will have played well,” he said. “She will have been playing well,” he said. “She may/can/must play well,” he said.

Indirect Speech Statements He said/told me that she played well. He said that she was playing well. He said that she would play well. He said that she would be playing well. He said that she had played well. He said that she had played well. He said that she had been playing well. He said that she had played well. He said that she had been playing well. He said that she would have played well. He said that she would have been playing well. He said that she might/could/had to play well.




















Reported Speech - Some other introductory verbs

He offered to help me. He agreed to come early. He demanded to know where she was. She promised to come /that she would come on time. She refused to answer the question. He threatened to expel him. She claimed to be/that she was innocent. She advised them to study more. He allowed /permitted/forbade him to leave. He asked them to clean the room. She begged him to help her. He commanded/ordered them to sit down. She encouraged them to go on.

B2






















B2 Reported Speech

1.

He told me that he ………. the following week. A. had returned B. would return C. will be returning

2.

She asked me who ………. the night before. A. I visited B. did I visit C. I had visited

11. The child begged his parents ………. him a new bicycle. A. that they bought B. to buy C. for buying 12. The mayor informed them that the bridge ………. by the end of the following year. A. is going to finish B. might be finished




















B2

CLAUSES Relative Clauses

This is the man who/that threatened me. This is the cat which/that scratched me. This is the man whose car was stolen. This is the dog whose owners left it here. This is the man whom/who/that I met. This is the book which/that I bought.

Concession Clauses

Although/Even though/Though though/Though he works hard, he doesn’t make much. Despite the fact that he works hard, he doesn’t make much money. Despite/In spite of working hard, he doesn’t




















Clauses of Result

It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice. The film was so interesting that I saw it twice. It was such bad weather that we sta yed in. They were such heavy boxes that I couldn’t lift them. There was such a lot of noise that he was extremely annoyed.

B2

Time Clauses

Wherever he goes, I will find him. When he is angry, he yells. When he arrives, tell him what happened. The moment/The minute/As soon as she finishes, she will call her friend. By the time he comes, I will have eaten. By the time he comes, I will have been studying for three hours.




















B2 Clauses

1.

It was ………. luggage that she had him carry it. A. such a heavy B. too heavy C. such heavy

11. How ………. she plays the violin! A. good B. well C. very better

2.

This is the village ………. I used to live in when I was a child. A. where B. at which

12. The reason ………. he was given a ticket was that he exceeded the speed limit. A. because B. why




















B2

EMPHASIS INVERSION Emphasis

I do/did like the film. Why she said that is a mystery. It’s a mystery why she said that.

Inversion

Never have I seen him before. Rarely do I go out. Under no circumstances should she drive in the storm.






















B2

QUESTIONS




















B2 Emphasis – Inversion Inversion – Questions Questions




















B2

T H E R E I S – I T I S




















B2 There is – It It is




















B2

ARTICLES



































































































































































B2 Grammar Syllabus and Exercises for the LRN

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