Part – 1 MSDAC (Alcatel / Thales) AzLM
24
Introduction: Track ccu!anc" Detection
To ensure safe operation of the trains, the track is divided into sections. Each section is usually protected by a signal. The signal aspect is thus closely linked with the #ree/ccu!ied status of the track section ahead. Trains are normally not permitted to pass a signal unless the section ahead h as been completely cleared of all vehicles. With increasing speed, traffic density and high demand for safety, process of automatic track occupancy / vacancy detection became desirable
Two Two popular means to achieve the automatic track occupancy detection are: 1. Track ircuits ! ". #$le ounters.%&'(# #)( #)( ''(#*
M$LTIS%CTI& DI'ITAL AL% C$&T% ( MSDAC) *+, MSDAC
an monitor virtually unlimited length of track sections )o insulated +oints )o ballast problems )o need of special type of sleepers 'afe and reliable train detection on rusted/sanded track )o restrictions on earthing/bonding earthing/bonding of rails for traction current return return 'implification 'implification of track works, educed -ife ycle ost through less maintenance reuirements
C&ST$CTI&AL #%AT #% AT$%S: $%S: The a$le counter system can be divided into 'oftware ! 0ardware parts. S#T*A%: onsiderable importance is attached to the #E software, both from the point of view o f reliability and of safety. The programs have been written in the highlevel programming language , which was chosen due to the high degree of availability of both tools and of standard well proven software. sing the following criteria, stringent reuirements have been set on the software concept. +AD*A% : The 0ardware can further be divided into:
2ndoor Euipment , Transmission 3ath 4utdoor Euipments.
24
Introduction: Track ccu!anc" Detection
To ensure safe operation of the trains, the track is divided into sections. Each section is usually protected by a signal. The signal aspect is thus closely linked with the #ree/ccu!ied status of the track section ahead. Trains are normally not permitted to pass a signal unless the section ahead h as been completely cleared of all vehicles. With increasing speed, traffic density and high demand for safety, process of automatic track occupancy / vacancy detection became desirable
Two Two popular means to achieve the automatic track occupancy detection are: 1. Track ircuits ! ". #$le ounters.%&'(# #)( #)( ''(#*
M$LTIS%CTI& DI'ITAL AL% C$&T% ( MSDAC) *+, MSDAC
an monitor virtually unlimited length of track sections )o insulated +oints )o ballast problems )o need of special type of sleepers 'afe and reliable train detection on rusted/sanded track )o restrictions on earthing/bonding earthing/bonding of rails for traction current return return 'implification 'implification of track works, educed -ife ycle ost through less maintenance reuirements
C&ST$CTI&AL #%AT #% AT$%S: $%S: The a$le counter system can be divided into 'oftware ! 0ardware parts. S#T*A%: onsiderable importance is attached to the #E software, both from the point of view o f reliability and of safety. The programs have been written in the highlevel programming language , which was chosen due to the high degree of availability of both tools and of standard well proven software. sing the following criteria, stringent reuirements have been set on the software concept. +AD*A% : The 0ardware can further be divided into:
2ndoor Euipment , Transmission 3ath 4utdoor Euipments.
24
24
1. $TD $TD %$I %$IPM PM%& %&T T Trackside euipment
The (etection 3oint 5p670 consisting of the Electronic 8unction 9o$ E#670 and the rail contact 'k670 resp. 'k67. The main features of the detection point 5p670 are: ; (ouble
rail contact which can be ad+usted to fit commonly used rail profiles ; (etects all commonly used wheels of main lines ; E$tremely high counting reliability ; 2mmunity to # and ( traction current and harmonic interference ; 2mmunity to magnetic and eddy current vehicle track brakes ;
ards. The operator must prepare specific operational rules to cover this issue.
%lectronic 0unction o2 24
The electronic +unction bo$ contains the electronic to drive and supervise the rail contact, to detect the wheels and count the passing a$les, to run self tests and to transmit telegrams containing count and supervision information to the #E. The counting, supervision and telegram generation functions are performed by two independent &icrocontrollers supervised by the vital module in the #E. 3ower is conveyed from the interlocking room to the trackside euipment on the same two wires used for data transmission to the #E. #lternatively local power may be used. The (etection 3oint operates over a wide range of ( input voltage to allow for the voltage drop over long cables. The 5p670 is supplied with a ninterruptible power supply with a nominal voltage of normally ?7= to 1"7 = ( .This supply voltage must be indirectconnected to the battery voltage by a (/( converter. 2f a trackside "@ = battery is available, the 5p670 can be euipped for this as an option.
3.Trans4ission !ath The system has been designed to use standard communication cable twisted pair or star uad for the communication link between the trackside euipment and the #E. The security of data transmission is guaranteed by the special security code in the telegram. The protocol used is eually suitable for transmission over multiple$ed digital transmission systems. ; The
data transmission to the #E uses the physical and the communication layers of 2'(). ;'erial %Ethernet* connection to )#E: A'erial interface which can be used from the #Es to e$change (etection 3oint information to build a common section with (etection 3oints of both #Es. This function is suitable for long sections like block sections typically to handle the long distances and to save the copper wires between the neighboring stations. (ue to the enlarged reaction times for the train detection this f unction is not recommended for short sections.
24
5.Indoor e6ui!4ent A2le Counter %7aluator AC% The basic indoor euipment consists of the #E comprising: =ital computer module 3ower supply &odule 'erial 2/4 &odule 3arallel 2/4 &odule The #Es are designed for installation in both open racks and enclosed cabinets.
8ital co4!uter 4odule
24
The computer module is designed as a vital and redundant " out of 6 computer system. #s an option, a lower cost " out of " computer version is available without redundancy for reliability but with the same safety standard. =ital processing by means of software comparison is achieved by e$changing messages between the computer channels. #fter e$changing messages the computers perform a voting procedure to determine if all the computer channels are in agreement. 2f not, a safety reaction is e$ecuted. This mechanism also serves to synchronise the computers. 2n order to reduce failure disclosure times, #&, 4& and 3 tests are run in background mode and the results compared as above. 2n the case of the " o ut of 6 version, loss of one of the computer channels due to a fault means that the module continues working as a " out of " module maintaining the full functionality and allowing a repair to be planned as a routine measure.
Po9er Su!!l" Module Each 3 channel has its own (/( converter which feeds the electronics with B= and 1"=.
Serial I/ Module (ata from the trackside euipment is received via serial 2/4 modules. These are preprocessor boards which convert the serial data from the detection points to the 2/4 busses of the vital module. The industrial standard #) bus is used to interface the preprocessors to the vital module. Each detection point preprocessor is assigned to one %edundant #E* or two detection points %)on redundant #E*. 2t occupies one 2/4slot in the #E. To use a (etection 3oint in more than one #E it is possible to daisy chain the telegrams of a (etection 3oint to an additional #E. -oss of a detection point due to a fault will result in the disturbance being restricted to those sections associated with that specific detection point.
Parallel I/ Module The track occupancy information is output from the vital module via parallel 2/4 preprocessor modules via the same #) bus as used for the serial 2/4. The serial and parallel 2/4 modules are electrically compatible and inserted in the reuired combination in the 2/4 slots provided in the evaluator subracks. The parallel 2/4 module occupies one 2/4slot per section.
Coni;uration o AC% onfiguration of the #E is divided into hardware configuration and data preparation. The main features of the cost effective, userfriendly possibilities for hardware configuration are described in the following chapters. )on redundant #E. To customise the hardware to the respective application case, #Es may consist of one to three subracks.
24
Princi!le o o!eration The rail contact consists of two physically offset coil sets, 'k1 and 'k", on the same rail. 4n the outside of the rail are the two T$ coils generating an electromagnetic field with two slightly different freuencies of appro$. 67 k0> around the rail. 4n the inside of the rail are two $ coils. These supply two timeoffset induced voltages with which the presence and direction of passing wheels is determined in the electronic unit.
Saet" !rinci!les The 'ystem is compliant with E) B71"C having the highest safety integrity level @ %'2- @*. 0a>ard rate "oo": D,Ce11 'afety is ensured by: ; 2ndependent computer channels ; learly structured software ; 4nline hardware selftests ; (efined
reactions to process errors ; =ital monitoring of trackside euipment ; =ital monitoring of data communication ; (efined fault detection and disclosure times ; se of interface protocols with code protection, multiple transmission, and many other checks ; learly defined verification and validation procedures, according to the E) B71"C and E) B71"D standards.
eerence Count Direction (CD): 24
The reference count direction %(* must be defined for the track layout independent of the direction of travel. The use of ( ensures that the correct order of counting into and out of a section is maintained throughout a series of detection points. Without the ( the system cannot be correctly configured. #ccording to figure above, a$les are counted in the section when a train passes ail ontact1 in the direction of the arrow or a train passes ail ontact" in the opposite direction of the arrow. #$les are counted out of the section when a train passes ail ontact1 in the opposite direction of the arrow or a train passes ail ontact" in the direction of the arrow.
24
The detection points count the number and direction of a$les passing the rail contacts and transmit this data to the #E. With this information, the logic of the #E defines the section to be FclearG or FoccupiedG. 2n case of a failure of the euipment, the section will be treated as FfailedG. This information can be provided to the interlocking logic and &&2, e.g. via a connection to the interlocking module. # standardised a$le counter reference direction %see Figure above *, is defined to give a fi$ed correlation of the direction of travel and the count direction for all detection points of the line independent of the track. #$les are counted into the section 1, when: ; section
when a train passes 5p1 in the direction of the arrow or ; a train passes 5p" in the opposite direction to the arrow #$les are counted out of the section when: ; a train passes 5p1 in the opposite direction of the arrow or ; a train passes 5p" in the direction to the arrow
Track coni;urations # detection point is positioned at each end of a track section. #t each boundary between track sections a detection point utilised by both sections is needed. The track section arrangements can be comple$. The following are e$amples of possible configurations of track sections: ; 'imple section %without crossings or ; Terminus
points*
track
; 3oints ; comple$ point arrangements ; crossings ; string ; string
of sections of points, a crossing and block lines
eset !rocedure 24
The reset is reuired to clear an a$le counter section during commissioning or when it has a malfunction, i.e. when there is no train in the section but the a$le counter indicates occupied for safety reasons as the result of a malfunction. The reset is carried out manually. esetting a$le counter sections is a safety relevant operational procedure which must be clearly defined in rules for the operator and maintainer.
Dia;nostic #eatures # diagnostic interface on each central computer is used to scan the diagnostic data stored on the central computer by means of a standard 3 with a special software. The information e$tracted from the 3s is evaluated and displayed in a readable form and is used for fault finding both with regard to the #E and the trackside euipment. # second means of diagnostics is the use of -E(s which indicate the correct operation of significant functions both in the #E and in the trackside euipment.
eliailit" 0ardware reliability is ensured by: ; se of commercial industrial standard microprocessors ;
=alues for an #E with parallel interface: &T9
e!air ti4e epair times are kept short by ; The small number of boards used in the vital computer module ; The modular system concept ; The detailed 3 supported diagnostics of internal #E faults, communication deterioration and faults in the trackside euipment.
Technical data S"ste4 0ighest safety integrity level %'2- @* compliant with E) B71"C. The product #> -& is designed for a life time of "7 years. &a$imum train speed: 6D7 km/h 4ptional : @@7 km/h
A2le Counter %7aluator (AC%) The following #E configurations are available:
24
)onredundant %" out of "* or redundant %" out of 6* vital computer 2nterfaces to 1 to 6" detection points 'upervision of 1 to 6" track sections 'erial interface to neighbour #E for transmitting data of detection points 'erial interface to solid state interlocking module with compatible interface to the #E 3arallel relay/optocoopler interface to other interlocking or block euipment
The following power supply options are available %3' or battery*: ?7 = J"7 K L17 K @D = J"7 K L17 K "@ = J"7 K L17 K &o4inal su!!l" 7olta;e: ; ?7= to 1"7 =( central supply ; "@= ( local supply Po9er consu4!tion Detection Point ; C W %'tandard transmitter power* ; 11,B W %0igh transmitter power* %n7iron4ental Conditions 4perating temperature of the #E: L"B M to JBB M, 0umidity: CBK relative humidity
I&STALLATI& PC%D$%S: 1. Track=Side %lectronic $nit Detection Point
The detection point is designed for use on a large variety of rail profiles, such as: 2[email protected], 2[email protected], 2 ?7, '@1, '@C, '[email protected], '[email protected], B7, ?B, C7 , '99 1, 9, , T, B7T, ?6T, B7 kg, ?7 kg.
24
2t is suitable for all commonly used steel wheels with the following dimensions: &easurement circle diameter of wheels NI 667 mm Width of tyre/wheel rim 167 to 1B7 mm 0eight of wheel flange "? to 6D mm Width of wheel flange "7 to 66 mm
ail contact:
24
A!!ro2i4ation or4ula a > ([email protected]? B h) 2t is important to note that, this formula is only a general one for an intial guideline. E$perience from a pilot installation is more indicative for actual height. 'ame applies for old rails or rail with other profile.
Connections To obtain the correct direction of counting, an a$le counter reference direction has been defined. This would normally be the direction of increasing mileage. The rail contact that is first crossed by an a$le in the a$le counter reference direction is defined as rail contact 1 %$1/T$1* and the other rail contact as rail contact " %$"/T$"*.
The screen of the rail contact cables is connected to the earthing bar: O emove the cable insulation for a length of appro$imately @Bmm. O
24
%arthin; o the %6ui!4ent The E# has to be connected to the earth return rail with a copper cable of minimum "Bmm " or an iron cable of minimum B7 '. mm. 2f an earth return rail is not available, the housing has to be earthed to a suitable low inductance %appro$imately [email protected]* and low resistance %appro$imately [email protected] R* earth. The earthing rules of the railway must be adhered to.
Ter4inations #ll service wires of E# %vi>. 3ower, ommunication, are recommended to be properly terminate preferably with cageclamp type of terminals of proper matching of cable cross sections.
Co44unication Link
A2le Counter Central %7aluator (AC%) #$le ounter entral Evaluator is the decision making unit for multi section digital a$le counter. 2t has the following sub components. CP$ Card acts as the brain of #>-&. Two 3 ards are reuired for "oo" system. These 3 ards have diagnostic interfaces and an alphanumeric display.
24
Serial Card receives information from detection points through 2'() communication link and provides this information to 3 ards. 4ne 'erial ard can monitor ma$imum two detection points. Parallel Card is responsible for providing section information. This card takes instruction from 3 ards and gives section clear/occupied output through potential free contact of relays in it. The reset of a section is commanded through the 3arallel ard. # 3arallel ard has two nonvital outputs which are also configurable through site specific software for getting different signals, for e$ample, indication of acceptance of reset by the system or a technical defect in a section etc. #ll the cards are housed in a '9#. The nomenclature indicates the number of 3ower 'upply and 3 ards and the number of 2/4 slots present in the subrack. (ifferent possible configurations are: O AC%=3=1? is a "oo" system with 17 2/4 slots. O AC%=3=3 is a "oo" system with "? 2/4 slots. O AC%[email protected] is a "oo" system with @" 2/4 slots. Connection o PDC$ 3( is the interface between outdoor euipment %(etection 3oint* and indoor euipment %#E*. 2t has a superimposing circuit for using same conductor for power and data. 4ne 3( is used for one detection point only. There is a 61Bm# fuse inside the 3(. The power to the E# goes through this fuse and if it is blown then there will be no power at detection point and a red -E( within the 3( will glow.
Po9er Su!!l" Card There are three -E(s on power 'upply ard.
24
Serial Card The 2/4 2nterface consists of two independent 2'() transmission paths. e.g. in a "oo" 3 system they are used for two detection points.
CP$ Card
Ethernet Reset LED 1-4 Alphanumeric Display
Serial Interface
Parallel Card
24
Arrangement of Serial and Parallel Cards in ACE
Connection Diagram of EAK, PDCU, Serial Card and Parallel Card in a 2 DP – Single Section Conguration
24
24
Part – 3 Microlok II (Ansaldo / $SS)
Electronic Interlocking -- Microlok II (US&S) 24
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The &icrolok 22 system operation is controlled by proprietary e$ecutive software running on the system hardware. The user application logic is written in a proprietary &icrolok 22 programming language and is compiled by a proprietary compiler into a set of data tables which are interpreted by the e$ecutive software during runtime. The highlevel block diagram of the &icrolok 22 system is shown below. The system uses diversity and selfchecking concepts in which critical operations are performed in diverse ways, using diverse software operations and critical system hardware is tested with selfchecking operations. 3ermissive outputs are allowed only if the results of diverse logic operations correspond and the selfchecks reveal no failures. 2t uses a combination of vital and non vital hardware, and an e$ecutive software performing critical operations on the sitespecific application logic tables using dualpath processing and double storage techniues along with continuous monitoring of the hardware through the use of e$tensive builtin diagnostics. #ny failure in any critical portion of the euipment will result in the controlled system returning to a safe state.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The &icrolok 22 interlocking system is a multipurpose monitoring and control system, which p erforms the following:
(rive 'ignal, 3oint, rank 0andle, - Sate and 'iding control relays &onitoring of 3oint position, track circuits occupancy and other field inputs =ital 3 for overall system monitoring, control, diagnostics and data recording E$ecutive and application logic for vital interlocking functions E$ecutive and application logic for nonvital control 3anel ! 4perator =( functions 'erial 2/4 channels for communicating with &- 22 to &- 22, &- 22 to #9/ 4ther )on=ital application, &aintenance and (iagnostic function
24
MICROLO II !"RDW"RE The &icrolok 22 system consists of modular card filemounted euipment and e$ternal peripheral devices that are used to interface the card file circuitry to the field gears and other associated control systems. The following sections provide an overview of the hardware.
ENVIRONMENT"L
The &icrolok 22 product will operate in a standard railway environment The system operates in ambient temperature ranges of [email protected] to J7 degrees centigrade. This refers to the temperature outside the card file but inside the relevant building enclosure The system operates from 7 to CBK noncondensing humidity The system meets the reuired E&2 specification The system meets the reuired vibration specification
P!YSIC"L
The card file is 1?.BG wide and it can be mounted in a standard 1CG rack 9oards in the card file include a faceplate where status information will be displayed. # blank panel will be available to cover empty slots The system will accept power from an e$ternal battery in the range of C.D=( to 1?."=( for an internal conversion to the reuired voltages The internal power converter will have a startup voltage reuirement of 11.B= ( to inhibit startup when the battery voltage is low )ominal "@= input/output boards will have an input/output supply in the range of 1C.?= ( to 6"[email protected]= (
C"RD#ILE The &icrolok 22 card file is a [email protected]/C? bus based card file that holds the 3, 3ower 'upply ! =ariety of 2/4 boards. The card file will be a user configurable. The &icrolok 22 card file is designed to house standard ?""7 Euro card plugin printed circuit boards. The card file will have twenty slots. 'lots )o. 1 to 1B ! "7 are used to accommodate )on=ital or =ital 2/4 boards. 'lot )o. 1? ! 1 are reserved for 3ower 'upply board. 'lot )o. 1D ! 1C are reserved for 3 board.
CPU $O"RD The 3 board is controlled by a &otorola ?D66" microprocessor, which operates at a speed of "1 &0>, and includes " bytes of internal fast termination #&. &ost internal operations are 6" bits wide, while all outside bus cycles are 1? or D bits wide. The e$ecutive and application software is stored in four flash E34&s that provide up to D&9 of memory. . signal is generated from the 3 board if all diagnostic checks are passed and this signal is e$ternally connected to 3ower supply board to generate a onditional 3ower 'upply %3'* to drive =4 relay.
24
EE34& is installed behind @Dpin connector in each 3 board
24
CPU #%nction
&onitoring e$ternal inputs from vital input boards and nonvital input b oards 3rocessing vital e$ternal inputs and e$ecuting logic defined in the application software (riving vital output boards as reuired by the application program &onitoring and controlling serial communication ports %links to other controllers* Testing individual vital input and output channels for faults %in parallel with control of these channels* and responding to detected faults &onitoring system internal operation for faults and responding to detected faults ontrolling power to vital outputs through the card file power supply and an e$ternal =4 %failsafe function* ecording system faults and routine events in useraccessible memory esponding to 3 board front panel switch inputs and operating the associated displays 2nteracting with a laptop 3 during system diagnostic operations, application logic programming, and e$ecutive software upgrading . signal is generated from the 3 board if all diagnostic checks are passed and this signal is e$ternally connected to 3ower supply board to generate a onditional 3ower 'upply %3'* to drive =4 relay. EE34& is installed behind @Dpin connector in each 3 board.
POWER SUPPLY $O"RD The power supply board is basically a (( converter, which converts a 1"= ( card file supply into three different voltages JB=, J1"= and L1"=. 2t also has a conditional power supply circuitry driven by a "B70>. 'ignal generated from 3 board. The conditional power supply drives =4 relay. The 3ower supply board will have double width housed in the card file and it operates in the range of C.B= to 1?.B= ( producing B= at 6amps and J1"= at 1amp that are needed for the operation of the card file circuitry. The power supply will have a startLup voltage reuirement of 11.B= (. This prevents the unit from attempting a recovery when battery voltage is low. The power supply board performs the following functions: onverts the e$ternal supply voltage %C.D= to 1?."= (* to regulated J1"= and JB for outputs to the system card file internal circuits 'upplies energy to the =4 relay coil under the control of the 3 board The power supply board serves a vital role in the failsafe design of the &icrolok 22 system. The regulated J1"= and JB= power is distributed to all system card file boards through the card file back plane bus. 2t occupies slot 1?1 in the card file. 2t provides regulated J1"=, 1"= and JB= power, which are distributed to all system card file boards through the card file back plane bus. 1"= supply from 23'/9attery chargers is wired to 3ower supply board through connector.
24
Non-Vitl I 'O $or The )on=ital 2/4 board is designed to receive nonvital inputs %controls* and generate nonvital outputs %indications*. The version of the )=.2)6".4T6" board connects each of its 6" inputs and outputs to a C?pin connector mounted on the rear of the board. The board employs polyswitches to protect the output circuitry. # polyswitch functions like an auto circuit breaker.When the over current trip point %about 7.B amp* is e$ceeded, the device switches to high impedance. The polyswitch returns to low impedance when the overload or short circuit condition is removed. 2nputs on the boards are activated from a positive voltage relative to battery ground over a range of ? to 67= (. The nonvital 2/4 boards use latch 2s to buffer inputs and field effect transistors to drive outputs.
The minimum 4) threshold for a )on=ital 2nput will be @.B= ( for nominal "@= ( systems. The ma$imum 4<< threshold for a )on=ital 2nput will be "= ( for nominal "@= ( systems. E$ternal wiring is achieved using C?pin connector and FoneintwooutG terminals. # Jve panel input is read into nonvital 2/4 board. # Lve output is delivered out of nonvital 2/4 board. )"@ for input/output reference is separately wired to C?pin connector.
Vitl O%t%t $or 24
4utputs are controlled by Fhigh sideG softwarecontrolled switches. -oads should 9e connected from outputs to battery negative. The high side switch is used to connect battery %J* to the output. Each output is protected with a polyswitch, which acts like an auto circuit breaker. When the over current trip point is reached %appro$imately 7.B#*, the polyswitch switches to a high impedance state. The switch resets to its low impedance state when the additional load or short is removed. # short to battery %* will trip the polyswitch and cause the =4 relay to drop, but will not cause any damage. # short to battery %J* will not cause any damage, but since this condition is euivalent to a false output, the &icrolok 22 3 will cause the =4 relay to drop. Each =ital 4utput 39 is having 1? outputs. Each output is assigned to the final relay which is driving the outdoor signalling gears such as 0, ( in case of signal ! W), W in case of points. 'ince the output boards are driving outdoor gears, they are continuously monitored by the 3 and any abnormal voltage present in the output will lead to system reset / shutdown to ensure safety. E$ternal wiring is achieved using @Dpin connector ! diode terminals. 1?/7." mm wires are used for wiring between output boards %Jve end* and diode terminals. #ll Lve ends are looped using comb link. Twisted pair wires are used for wiring between diode terminals and relay coils. Tran>orb is provided across all relay coils that are driven by &icrolok 22 to nullify the back emf generated by relay coils. -oads should be connected between &icrolok 22 outputs and battery negative. Each output card should have =4 controlled 9"@ and )"@ connections to switch the controlled outputs.
Vitl O%t%t* The =ital 4utputs are designed primarily to interface with vital relays. 2n typical railway and transit applications, most =ital relays are specified to use nominal " @= ( supply voltage. The minimum voltage for a =ital 4utput in the 4) state will be CBK of 2/4 supply battery for "@= ( outputs. The ma$imum voltage for a =ital 4utput in the 4<< state will be such that a =ital relay will not remain picked at the current produced. This voltage is 1.B= ( for a "@= ( output. The output will be capable of driving a minimum output load of 177 m# fA or the "@= ( outputs.
Vitl In%t $or There are no power connections reuired through the upper connector. When wiring a vital input 39 to a relay contact circuit contained in the same house of the &icrolok 22 card file, the signal battery may be used as the energy source to activate the inputs. Terminals designated %* may be connected to battery )"@ and 9"@ switched over relay contacts. When wiring a vital input 39 to a relay contact circuit outside the &icrolok 22 house, use the isolated source that is part of the power supply. This is consistent with the practice of confining signal battery to the case in which the &icrolok 22 unit is housed.
24
=ital input boards enable the &icrolok 22 system to monitor the field gear status like signal aspect, point detection, track status, - status, 0 status etc. The 2).1? %)17?177"* input board connects each of its 1? isolated inputs to a @Dpin connector mounted on the top rear of the card file slot.
E$ternal wiring is achieved using @Dpin connector and FoneintwooutG terminals. #ll inputs reuire a Fdouble cutG wiring using twisted pair cables. Each =ital 2nput 39 is having 1? 2nputs. Each input is assigned to the detection of outdoor gear status such as Es in case of signal, W incase of points ! T3 in case of Track. 'ince the vital inputs are dealing with the detection of outdoor gears they normally configured with double cutting arrangement.
Vitl In%t* =ital inputs, which are in most cases, derived from the battery supply must have the same range of inputs as the supply battery. To ensure reliable operation, the &inimum 4) thresholds %the levels above which an input must read 4)* were chosen to match the low ends of the battery ranges. The only criteria for selecting the &a$imum 4<< thresholds %the levels below which an input must read 4<<* are that they must be below the &inimum 4) threshold, yet high enough above 7= to re+ect induced noise. The system will have the ability to access =ital 2nputs even when the system is running with the =ital 4utputs in an unpowered state. 'ince the most restrictive state for the inputs has already been defined as the deenergi>ed state, failed inputs can safely be set to this state. This allows the system to react to the failed input without causing a ritical Error. This may cause the system to run in a downgraded state due to the 4<< input state, but will cause no safetyrelated failures. The failed input status is available to the #pplication -ogic such that the #pplication (eveloper may take other action as reuired by a particular system in the case of a failed input.
The minimum 4) threshold for inputs will be 1C.?= ( for "@= ( inputs. The ma$imum 4<< threshold for inputs will be C.7= ( for "@= ( inputs.
Control o+ in%t* # principle similar to that used for the output circuitry is employed in the input interface circuitry. (eenergi>ing of any input results in a more restrictive condition. #ll individual input interface circuits on a given board are forced to the more restrictive state through the closed loop vital input monitors. The inputs are then read and verified that they can, in fact, be forced to the more restrictive state. This is ensure that no interface circuit malfunction have occurred that could place an input in a less restrictive state. 'ee the 9lock diagram.
VIT"L CUT-O## REL"Y The vital cutoff relay %=4* contacts are used to control the power to all card file vital outputs. The =4 is controlled by the 3 board. The 3 board performs continuous diagnostics, to include monitoring of all vital output and input channels at the point of interface with e$ternal circuits. This 3 responds to failure of a safety
24
critical diagnostic by commanding the 3' on the power supply board to remove the ( supply to the =4 coil, thereby opening the contacts that provide battery power to the vital output boards. This failsafe function defaults the interlocking euipment associated with the &icrolok 22 system to the most restrictive state. 3)1B79 vital biased relay is used for the =4. This relay consisting of low voltage silvertosilver fronts and silvertosilver backs contacts. The vital cutoff relay %=4* is used by the &icrolok 22 system to control the power of all vital outputs. This relay is energi>ed by the conditional output from the power supply board in the system card file. This relay consists of silvertosilver impregnated graphite front and silvertosilver back contacts. 2t is mounted above the card file in the &icrolok 22 rack. 2f the 3 board detects an error, it stops the "B70>. signal, which removes the conditional power supply to the =4 relay and thereby =4 drops. Thus the power to all vital output boards is removed, when there is an error in the system and safety is ensured.
MICROLO II SO#TW"RE The primary &icrolok 22 software components are the e$ecutive software, which is actually the &icrolok 22 operating system software, as well as the application specific userwritten software. #lso included in the &icrolok 22 software architecture is selfchecking diagnostics designed to support failsafe operational reuirements. The following briefly describes the ma+or components of &icrolok 22 software.
E,ECUTIVE SO#TW"RE The '!' developed E$ecutive software %4perating system* is standard for all &icrolok 22 systems, and is responsible for the overall vital monitoring and control of the system. E$ecutive software functionality includes vital input monitoring, decision making, and commands related to interlocking functions, monitoring vital input and output channels for intended on/off states, processing user inputs received from laptop 3 or the 3 board front panel, continuous internal and e$ternal diagnostics, recording and playback of routine event and error codes, management of serial data ports, and e$ecution of the user developed application program software.
"PPLIC"TION SO#TW"RE The =ital application program software contains the userdeveloped, applicationspecific logic for the particular &icrolok 22 system configuration. The user develops the uniue application program using software using the same '!' developed maintenance tools program used to input E$ecutive software version upgrades. #dditionally, site specific configuration data is stored in the ard filemounted EE34&, and can be loaded using the 3 board front panel toggle switches and -E( (isplays. This data can be also loaded using the &aintenance tools program on a laptop 3 via connection to the 3 board front panel serial port, the 3 based method allows a grater range of configuration options.
24
SYSTEM OPER"TIN MODES The &icrolok 22 controller is a comple$ combination of hardware and software. when the system can not function in the )ormal 4perating &ode.4ther system modes must be supported to allow access to those system functions that are still operational even though the entire system is not functional at that time.ritical Errors in the &icrolok 22 system may be caused by persistent or transient faults. #fter a ritical Error has occurred, the &icrolok 22 will be reset and will perform complete system diagnostics.The most common persistent ritical Errors are related to vital physical output processing. 2n order to attempt to provide some system functions in the presence of persistent ritical Errors, the unit will discontinue the vital physical output functions and, if there are no other ritical Errors encountered, continue to run in a downgraded mode. 2f ritical Errors continue to occur, all system application processing will be discontinued. The &icrolok 22 system will be capable of operating in seven different modes.
NORM"L MODE 2n this mode, all outputs and application processing are active. #ll other system functions are available at user reuest. This will be the default mode for systems operations in the absence pe rsistent of ritical Errors.
SELECTIVE S!UTDOWN MODE This mode will be entered when persistent ritical Errors prohibit complete system operations. 2n this error mode, all of the =ital 3hysical 4utputs will be disabled. 2n this mode, other application processing, such as logic processing, 'erial -inks, =ital 3hysical 2nputs and )on=ital 2/4 continues.
USER SELECTIVE S!UTDOWN MODE 2n this mode all =ital 3hysical 4utputs are disabled. This mode will be entered when identified as the operational mode by the #pplication -ogic and the unit would otherwise operate in the )ormal &ode as identified above. 2n this mode, other application processing, such as logic processing, 'erial -inks, =ital 3hysical 2nputs and )on=ital 2/4 continues.
COMPLETE S!UTDOWN MODE 2n this mode, no system 2/4 or logic processing will be performed and all vital outputs will be in the most restrictive state. This mode will be entered when persistent ritical Errors prohibit system operations. When possible, (iagnostic 2nterfaces will function.
RESET MENU MODE 2n this mode, the unit remains in the initialisation routines. )o system 2/4 or logic processing will be performed and all vital outputs will be in the most restrictive state. This mode will be entered by a reuest from the 'ystem &aintainer through the 2ntegral ser 2nterface.
CON#IUR"TION MODE This mode places the unit in a special nonoperational mode where the unit remains in the initialisation routines to allow for #pplication onfiguration. )o system 2/4 or logic processing will be performed and all vital outputs will be in the most restrictive state in this mode. This mode will be entered by reuest from the #pplication (eveloper.
24
$OOT MODE This mode to allow the Seneric 'ystem 'oftware and/or the #pplication 2mage to be loaded into the system. )o other system activities will take place while in this mode. This mode will be entered by reuest from the #pplication (eveloper.
SYSTEM SPECI#IC"TION
24
S,ST%M P%ATI&' P*%
Po9er Characteristics
24
24
Card #ile in MICLE II ack
24
24
Typical System Conuration
24
*II&' PACTIC%S ACES
(ust proof metallic racks with protective arrangements are provided forcard file. #ll the racks used are insulated from the ground by means of 3= bushes for suitable mounting bases. #deuate moving space is to be maintained around all the racks in line with ailway 'tandards.
LADD%S
able ladders installed hori>ontally shall have sufficient space to facilitate cable pulling and cleating/stapping. 2t is isolated from racks and wall via rubber bush ! hylum sheet. #ll power cables and 2/4 cables ! interconnection wires shall run different ladders. Where it is )4T possible, these cables are to be separated at least by ? inches gap. -adder width shall be "/6rd of rack width and it is ensured that it carries fewer amounts of cables ! wires to avoid bends/damages. &a$imum distance between the supports is provided every 6 meters. #ll surfaces are cleaned prior to bolting together.
CA
#ll the cable /wire run will have smooth surface. 'harp bending will be avoided when coming to racks. able entry holes in the acks will have correct si>e rubber beedings. -adders will be used for 2nterconnection of cable runs. 3= Troughs with cover will be used for 2ntraconnections.
CA
able shall be separated into 3ower cable, 'erial ommunication cable, 2/4 cable and 3anel cable. 'ufficient cable spare length shall be provided for e uipment, which needs future ad+ustment. able splicing will be avoided. able insulation resistance must be "7 mega ohms. able should be arranged properly f or maintenance.
CL%A& *II&' Wires carrying e$tremely small currents that are prone to E&2 and other disturbance coupling caused by transient conditions in ad+acent wiring.
DIT, *II&' Wires regularly carrying large varying currents or currents that are sub+ect to E&2 or other disturbance caused transient conditions which can couple with ad+acent wiring. (irty wiring will be separated as much as possible from clean wiring.
I&P$T $TP$T *II&'
The input and output wiring to a particular unit should be separated from each other and from power wiring and ideally not run in parallel, i.e., all input wires are bunched together and are routed in a separate trough from output and power wiring. #ll output wires are bunched together and are routed in a separate trough from input and power wiring. #ll power wires are bunched together and are routed in a separate trough from input and output wiring. #ll output wiring from signalling power supply units to the &icrolok 22 card file shall be considered as FcleanG wiring and routed by the shortest practical path, even if it runs via intermediate distribution fuses or terminals.
24
P*% *II&'
The power supply wiring and euipment should be located close to the &icrolok 22 and other electronic euipment to minimi>e the length of low voltage power leads. The power supply feeding to e$ternal euipment will be separated from the supply that feeds internal euipment to ensure that e$ternal surges and transients are not directly connected to the internal bus bars. Earth wires associated with main power supply will be installed to the applicable standards specified but these shall be kept as short as possible and well away from the signalling power supply and signalling earths. 2t will be of reasonable crosssectional area to minimi>e noise coupling and avoid the power sag. ables ! wires will be kept as short as possible from power supply to minimi>e induced noise. ase/house wiring will also be arranged to minimi>e noise. To avoid transient voltage, surge suppression device must be installed for &icrolok 22 card file.
S%IAL LI&E *II&'
e capacitive, inductive and < coupling. The cable shields must be earthed at one end only. #ll cable shields located within the 3 board @D3in connector must be bonded together and attached to the &icrolok 22 chassis using a low impedance copper braid.
CL$ CDI&' # *I%S/CA
9lue/Srey sleeved shielded serial communication cable is used for serial communication wiring. @/B twisted pairs blue sleeved shielded serial communication cable is used for '@DB standard serial ports. D core grey sleeved shielded serial communication cable is used for '"6"/@"6 standard serial ports. ed/9lack and 9lue/Vellow colour wire is provided for power supply wiring. %1?/7."* 9lue/9lack colour twisted pair wire is provided for =ital input circuits. %1?/7.1?* Srey/9lue/ed colour wire is provided for )onvital 2/4 circuits. %1?/7."* Srey/ed/9lack colour wire is provided for vital output circuits.
LA<%LLI&' #ll cable ends are provided with proper identification Tags made of non deterioratingmaterial.
#ll the Terminals will have identification markers. #ll the wires connected to the terminals will have proper 3= ferrules. 2n the racks, olumn/ow will be numbered and also, all the ma+or euipments used in the system/sub system will have proper labels or painting for easy identification.
T%MI&ATI&
# perfect termination is gastight, therefore corrosion free and amounts to a cold weld of the parts being connected. Wires are to be terminated shall match with the correct si>e of the crimp contacts. 2f these basic reuirements are met, highly reliable connections with low contact resistance and high resistance to corrosive attack are assured. onductors of cables are to be correctly identified and are to be connected to the correct terminals. onductors are to be securely held in terminals of fittings and are not sub+ect to tension a t the terminations.
SPA% C% T%MI&ATI&
24
ables having spare conductors will be terminated in the spare terminals and will have proper tags for future use. 2n case of nonavailability of Terminals, spare conductor ends will be insulated and neatly separated cable wise with proper identification tags.
'SE 34TET24) 3#T2E' P*% PT%CTI& 3ower protection is much important in a signalling facility. The power supply is distributed throughout the euipment rooms and is often toughed with other wiring. &uch of the euipments that are driven from power supply has some builtin tertiary protection, but in no way can bear the brunt of a ma+or surge. 'uch levels must be handled properly by staged protection. The staged protection refers to primary, secondary ! tertiary levels and ( ! (ata line euipment.
AC P*% PT%CTI& Pri4ar" AC line !rotection 2n # line feeds, primary protection begins at the service entrance. 2n severe lightning areas, primary protection begins at the service entrance inside the euipment rooms. The preference for primary side protection is the block type &4=s. These &4=s are ?7mm diameter discs capable of handling enormous amounts of energy, while maintaining reasonable clamping levels of for an # system. 2t is better to use two or more in a fused, parallel fashion with indicator lamps across the fuse. 2n this way, it will be known if one &4= is shorted and because of the parallel redundant configuration, line protection continues. Senerally the 23' is connected to the # service entrance and provided 494 make surge arrestor as primary # line protection device.
Secondar" / Tertiar" AC line !rotection 'econdary protection levels in # feeds are only effective if sufficient isolation impedance e$ists between the primary and secondary protectors. The needed amount of isolation number is not easy to arrive at. Therefore secondary protection level is often forgone. Tertiary protection is generally found within the euipment itself. 494 =< surge suppressor is provided for "67= # circuit %4perator and &aintenance 3*.
'$&DI&' PC%D$% The first step in providing effective personnel and euipment protection is preparing a low impedance grounding electrode or grounding electrode system at each euipment housing room. 4nce the low impedance earth ground is established for a signal housing, the apparatus in the house should be connected to the earth ground as described in the following sections.
%AT+ PIP% The opper lad earth electrode has been in use for grounding purpose. The details of opper lad earth electrode is given below.
CPP% CLAD %AT+ %L%CTD% &odern maintenance free and durable earthings employ steel conductors which are copper clad pipe %&aintenance e graphitic compounds and non corrosive salts as Fground enhancing materialG %SE&* which doe not lead to corrosion. 'uch earth pits would also not reuire the usual watering schedules to maintain the earth resistance within limits. e and specification of earth electrode 'hall have 6777mm %17feet* , 1mm %6/@G* copper bonded / copper clad stainless steel 'hall be corrosive resistant 'hall be molecularly bonded with copper to high strength steel cores
24
'hall withstand minimum "7 # discharge current for one year 'hall have a minimum life of "7 years To achieve earth resistance 1 ohm, depending on the soil condition, two or more earth rods may be used in the form of mesh. The distance between tow earth earth pipes is maintained within "7 feet.
omposition of earth enhancement material and its specification 'hall have high conductivity, low water solubility and highly hygroscopic 'hall be non corrosive 'hall have resistivity of less than @. ohm meter 'hall be stable between ?7 to I?7o temperature 'hall be suitable for any kind of electrode and grounds %soil* of different sensitivity 'hall procedure compounds with conductive powder and decrease the earth resistance, mainly in those areas with salts deficiency. 'hall not be e$plosive when comes in contact with another e$plosive gas or dust 'hall not releases to$ic and irritating gases in any abnormal e$plosive gas or dust 'hall not cause burns when moist, irritation to eye, skin and mucous membrane 'hall be antiallergic -ow lying close to the building or location bo$ or euipment room is good for locating earth electrodes. The location bo$ can be close to any water bodies or water points. Earthing rods should not be fi$ed on high bank or made upsoils.
M %AT+ e suitable for termination of bolted cable lugs. There shall be one E9 for each of the following rooms: Euipment oom and 3ower supply room. To avoid circulating earth loops, the E9s shall be insulated from the building structure. Each E9 shall be installed against the wall, with low voltage insulator spacers of height ?7mm. The E9s shall be installed as pe r the site convenience, but the lead length should be very less. 0ence the E9 is maintained at a nominal height of 7.Bm from the ground level. #ll terminations on the E9 shall be by bolted lugs with spring washers. The earth lea ds shall however be bolted to the lugs.#ll terminations on the E9 shall be by bolted lugs with spring washers. The earth leads shall however be bolted to the lugs.
%<=%< <&DI&' C&D$CTS To minimi>e the effect of circulating earth loops, noise pickup and to provide euipotential bonding, star point earthing is reuired. 2n this respect, Euipment room and 3ower supply room E9s mentioned above, should be directly connected to the E9 within the 3ower supply room. To facilitate this, it is proposed that a E9 be installed within the 3ower supply room at a height of 7.Bm. The bonding is done by bare stranded copper wire run along the wall on insulators. 2f the bonding wire need to cross building wall, it must be isolated from building structure to avoid circulating current. The bonding conductors shall be bolted to their respective lugs.
ecommended Earth resistance value The following values stated are the minimum earth resistance reuirements prior to bonding the -ow voltage earth pit %-= earth pit* to the building perimeter earth.
24
24
EARTH!" ARRA!"E#E!T
24
P%IM%T% %AT+I&'
24
Merits o %lectronic Interlockin; (%I) o7er oute ela" Interlockin; (I):
1. 'ystem can be tested at factory level using simulation panels. ". )on interlocking period is reduced. 6. &odular in design hence easy for maintenance, and reuires less staff. @. E$pertise in 0ardware ! software for maintaining is not much needed at initial stage. B. euires less number of relays. ?. -ess power supply, -ess space as compared to e$isting E2 / 2. . ompatible to entrali>ed Traffic ontrol %T*. D. (esigned according to E)E-# standards, 0ence ensures safety. C. 2nbuilt functionality of (atalogger is available. 17. 'elf diagnostic feature is available, hence Error code / #larm code messages will be displayed on display cards.
24
