Automatic Fire Control System in Railways 1

A PROJECT REPORT ON

AUTOMATIC FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM IN RAILWAYS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the reuirement! for the a"ard of the de#ree of Bachelor of Te Technology chnology in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

UN$ER T%E &UI$ANCE OF

&i(in# Win#! to Thou#ht! DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ST PETER!S ENGINEERING COLLEGE 'Appro(ed b) b ) AICTE * Affiliated Affiliated to +a"aharlal Nehru Te,hnolo#i,al Uni(er!it)-%)derabad. Opp/ A/0/ A/0/ Fore!t A,adem)1 A,adem)1 $hoolapall) '2.1 Med,hal 'M.1 R/R/ $i!tri,t1 %)derabad 3453-3456

CERTIFICATE

1

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.













Tin Tin part partia iall fulf fulfil illm lmen entt of the the reu reuir irem emen ent! t! for for the the a"ar a"ardd of the the de#r de#ree ee of Bachelor Bachelor of Technology

in Elec" Elec"ro ronic nic## an$ an$ Co%%& Co%%&ni nica ca"io "ion n En Engin ginee eerin ring g from Ja'aha Ja'aharlal rlal Nehr& Nehr&

Technological Uni(er#i"y) *y$era+a$ durin# the a,ademi, )ear 3453-3456/

%EA$ OF T%E $E0ARTMENT

INTERNAL &UI$E

Prof R PRA,AS* RAO

Prof SIS-ARI/A

M Tech. 0PhD1

M E.

ECE $epartment

ECE $epartment

0RINCI0AL E:TERNAL E:AMINER

Dr E L NAGES* BTech. MTech. PhD. MISTE. FIE

AC,NO-LEDGEMENT It #i(e! u! immen!e plea!ure to e7pre!! our deepe!t !en!e of #ratitude and !in,ere than8! to our hi#hl) hi#hl) re!pe,ted re!pe,ted and e!teeme e!teemedd prin,i prin,ipal pal DRELN DRELNAGE AGES*. S*. for pro(idin# the ne,e!!ar)















We deepl) e7pre!! our !in,ere than8! to our %ead of the $epartment 0rof/RPRA,AS* RAO $epartment

of Ele,troni,! and Communi,ation En#ineerin# for en,oura#in# and allo"in#

u! to pre!ent the pro9e,t/ We al!o ta8e the opportunit) to e7pre!! our profound #ratitude and deep re#ard! to our #uide SISSIS-ARI/A RI/A

A!!i!ta A!!i!tant nt profe!! profe!!or1 or1 for hi! e7empla e7emplar) r) #uidan #uidan,e1 ,e1 monito monitorin# rin# and ,on!tan ,on!tantt

en,oura#ement throu#hout the ,our!e of thi! the!i!/ The ble!!in#!1 help and #uidan,e #i(en b) him time to time !hall ,arr) u! a lon# "a) in the 9ourne) of life on "hi,h "e are about to embar8/ It i! our our pri( pri(iile#e e#e to e7pr e7pre! e!!! our our !in, !in,er ere! e!tt re#a re#ard rd!! to our our pro pro9e,t 9e,t ,oor ,oordi dina nattor ,BMAD*A2I A!!i!tant

profe!!or1 for hi! (aluable input!1 able #uidan,e1 en,oura#ement1

"hole-hearted ,ooperation and ,on!tru,tion ,riti,i!m throu#hout the duration of our pro9e,t/ We ta8e thi! opportunit) to than8 all our le,turer! of our department for their !upport and en,oura#ement to"ard! our pro9e,t/

N2EN,AT N2EN, ATA A ,RIS*NA

34B,3A56B7 34B,3A 56B7

2BABU 2BABU NAI,

37B,8A5647 37B,8A 5647

2,URUMAIA*

37B,8A5646

INDE9















5/3 Fire dete,tion and ,ontrol 54 5/= Cir,uit dia#ram and de!,ription55 de!,ription55 5/>0in dia#ram of >4>< and >4?45= 4PO-ER SUPPL/:

3/5 O(er (ie"5> 3/3 AC "a(eform! 5? 3/= Re,tifi,ation unfiltered po"er !upplie! 56 3/> Re,tifi,ation filtered po"er !upplie! 5< 3/? A(era#e $C (alue35 3/6 $iode ,ondu,tion and pea8 diode ,urrent33 7LM78 *EAT SENSOR:

=/5 LM=? $e!,ription

3>

=/3 Wor8in# Wor8in# of an LM=? 3? =/= U!in# of an LM=?

3?

=/> Ad(anta#e! Ad(anta#e! of LM=?

3@

6 SE;UENTIAL S-ITC*ING ICLM7<36

>/5 IC LM=<5> de!,ription >/3 LM=<5> feature!

3 3<

>/= LM=? and LM=<5> interfa,in# ,ir,uit dia#ram3< Page no!# 8RELA/ -IT* RELA/ DRI2ER:















?/= AC rela) dri(er ,ir,uit == ?/>&eneri, Rela) dri(er ,ir,uit =>

= UM78=3 SIREN GENERATOR:

6/5 UM=?65 de!,ription

=6

6/3 0in dia#ram of UM=?65

=@

6/= To Tone ne !ele,tion=@ !ele,tio n=@

-OR,ING AND AD2ANTAGES

>4->3

OUTPUT

FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION

>3

REFERENCES

>=

Li#" of fig&re#: Fig noFig&re

Page















Fi# 5/=Cir,uit dia#ram of fire ,ontrol !)!tem55 !)!tem55 Fi# 5/>

0in dia#ram of >4>< and >4?4

5=

Fi# 3/5T"o ,),le! of !inu!oidal "a(eform!5? Fi# 3/3%alf "a(e re,tifier ,ir,uit5@ Fi# 3/=Full "a(e re,tifier "ith ,enter tapped tran!form5@ Fi# 3/>Full "a(e or brid#e re,tifier5 Fi# 3/?Filtered po"er !uppl) ,ir,uit dia#ram5< Fi# 3/6Filtered "a(eform!34 Fi# 3/@A(era#e d, "a(eform!

35

Fi# 3/$iode! $5 * $3 "a(eform!

33

Fi# =/5 0i,torial repre!entation of LM=?

3>

Fi# =/3LM=? on ,ir,uit board36 Fi# =/=LM=? pin dia#ram Fi# >/5

pi,torial repre!entation of LM=<5>

36 3

Fi# >/3LM=<5> pin de!,ription

3

Fi# >/=

LM=? and LM=<5> interfa,in# ,ir,uit dia#ram

=4

Fi# ?/5

0i,torial repre!entation of rele) dri(er

=5

Fi# ?/3

$C rela) dri(er ,ir,uit dia#ram==

Fi# ?/=

AC rela) dri(er ,ir,uit dia#ram

=>

Fi# ?/>

Rela) dri(er ,ir,uit!

=?

Fi# 6/5

Internal blo,8 dia#ram of UM=?65

=6

































The 0re!ent pro9e,t "ill help the rail"a)! to !afe #uard from the Fire A,,ident! automati,all) in Seuential manner/ A remed) to redu,e the death lo!! o,,urrin# due to fire a,,ident! in train! i! pre!ented/ Fire on a runnin# train i! more ,ata!trophi, then on a !tationar) one1 !in,e fannin# b) "ind! help! !pread the fire to other ,oa,he!/ When the!e a,,ident! are o,,urrin# in remote area! or durin# ni#ht time! the lo!! or dama#e bein# ,au!ed i! at hi#her rate!1 the dama#e i! hea(ier due to improper rea,h of !er(i,e at ri#ht time due to improper ,ommuni,ation/ Thi! time dela) i! ,au!in# hea(ier dama#e1 thu! eliminatin# the time bet"een "hen an a,,ident o,,ur! and "hen fir!t re!ponder! are di!pat,hed to the !,ene de,rea!e! the dama#e1 thi! pro9e,t help in notif)in# the pa!!en#er! and emer#en,) !er(i,e!/ It ,on!i!t! of !en!or!/ On,e the !en!or! atta,hed in the ,ompartment! of train !en!e the !mo8e dete,tion1 it a!!ume! a fire a,,ident/ The ,ontroller a!!ume! it ha! an emer#en,) and !tart! the buBBer Whene(er fire o,,ur! the !en!or "ill "ill dete,t! and !tart! alertin# the !e,urit) people for further ,ontrollin#/ It ha! three main !)!tem!1 5. the dete,tion !)!tem1 3. the monitorin# !)!tem1 =. the applian,e applian,e !)!tem/ The dete,tion dete,tion !)!tem operate! operate! a! the fire dete,tor/ dete,tor/ The applian,e applian,e !)!tem ha! ,omponent! li8e buBBer for alarmin# and motor pump to !top the fire/ The !)!tem dete,t! the !mo8 !mo8e1 e1 heat heat !en!e !en!edd b) the the dete dete,t ,tor or// Fina Finall ll)) "hen "hen the the !en!o !en!or! r! from from ea,h ea,h le(el le(el tri# tri##er #ered ed indi(iduall)1 the "ater flu!he! to the affe,ted Bone to !top ! top the fire/

















Si%en Using U!3561

Rela) -%i.e%s with %ela)s

E- In&icati$n

Flashe% an& wate% (u/(0

Fi# 5/5 ;lo,8 dia#ram of automati, fire ,ontrol !)!tem in rail"a)!

















REA -RI+ERS

I-ICATR

Fig 102 '%$cess $ %e c$nt%$l

Fire i! the mo!t haBardou! natural for,e!/ for,e!/ Sen!in# fire and fi#htin# fi#htin# it in the earl) !ta#e! ,an pre(ent lo!!e! to a #reat e7tent/ Sen!in# fire ele,troni,all) ha! be,ome one of the mo!t reliable fire-fi#htin# te,hniue! toda)/ Sen!in# fire need! reliable !mo8efire !en!or!/ Thermi!ter! ,an !en!e fire dependin# on temperature in,rea!e prin,iple/ We ,an al!o u!e opto de(i,e! to !en!e !mo8e/ Some !en!or! li8e fi#aro T&S #a! !en!or! are u!ed for fire !en!in# "hi,h i! e7pen!i(e and are not ea!il) a(ailable/ The !)!tem pretend! here u!e! the mo!t ,ommon )et (er) reliable bimetalli, !trip of a tube li#ht !tarter a! a heat !en!or/ The !)!tem1 be!ide! #i(in# an alarm1 al!o (i!uall) indi,ate! the e7a,t po!ition "here the fire ha! ta8en pla,e/ Thi! !)!tem be,ome! (er) ne,e!!ar) in lar#e multinational ,ompanie!1 hotel! et,/ It i! (er) fle7ible and ,an ta8e input! from an)

















Fig 103 Ci%cuit &iag%a/ $ %e c$nt%$l s)ste/



















!en!ed the alarm remain! Don until adeuate pre,aution! are ta8en/ When the bimetalli, !trip #et! heated due to the fire flame1 it ,onne,t! the po!iti(e !uppl) line to the input of di#ital lat,h ,ir,uit1 thu! lat,hin# the lat,h/ The di#ital lat,h ,ir,uit i! built around ea!il) a(ailable CMOS in(erter C$>4>< IC!/ When !en!or A i! operated1 the input of #ate N3 'pin?. i! at lo#i, 5 throu#h the 64-ohm limitin# re!i!tor/ After t"o in(er!ion!1 output of N5 'pin3. i! at lo#i, 5 "hi,h fed ba,8 throu#h !"it,hin# diode IN>5> to the input of N31 thu! lat,hin# the ,ir,uit/ LE$3 ,onne,ted a,ro!! the output of N5 and #round indi,ate! indi,ate! the parti,ular parti,ular po!ition "here !en!or A i! in!talled1 indire,tl) indi,atin# the pha!e "here the fire ha! o,,urred/ At thi! !ame time1 diode $ ,ondu,t! and pro(ide! ba!e bia! to tran!i!tor! T5 and the rela) operate! the hooter or an ele,tri, bell/ The 4/45mF ,apa,itor at input of lat,h ,ir,uit filter! the noi!e pi,8-up b) lon# "ire! leadin# to !en!or!1 thu! pre(entin# an) fal!e tri##erin# of the alarm/ S"it,h S5 a,t! a! ma!ter re!et !"it,h/ OR lo#i, i! implemented at the ba!e of tran!i!tor T5 to !en!e !i#nal from ea,h !en!or/ In thi! ,ir,uit onl) !i7 !en!or! are !ho"n but the) ,an be in,rea!ed "ithout ,han#in# the main ,ir,uit/





































4PO-ER SUPPL/ 43 O(er(ie'

Reuirement! ;efore de!i#nin# an) po"er !uppl) the load reuirement! mu!t be 8no"n/ It i! al"a)! a #ood idea to ta8e the "or!t ,a!e !,enario "hen ma8in# thi! de,i!ion/ For e7ample if the ,ir,uit i! de!i#ned to dra" 5 amp at 53 (olt!1 a!!ume that ,omponent toleran,e! are 34 and de!i#n to meet the!e reuirement! "ith at lea!t 34-?4 re!er(e ,urrent1 in thi! e7ample "e de!i#n a po"er !uppl) "hi,h ,ould !afel) deli(er 53 (olt! at 5/? amp! "ithout o(erheatin#/ Tran!former Re#ulation and Effi,ien,) A tran!former i! (er) effi,ient at ,on(ertin# AC (olta#e! and ,urrent! from one (alue to another/ In pra,ti,e effi,ien,ie! of < ma) be a,hie(ed1 the lo!!e! bein# due to heatin# effe,t! of the tran!former ,ore1 "indin# lo!! and lea8a#e flu7/

Tran!former! ha(e 2A 2A ratin#! "hi,h i! !impl) the !e,ondar) (olta#e multiplied b) !e,ondar) ,urrent -- thi! i! !tri,tl) true onl) if the atta,hed load i! purel) re!i!ti(e 'i/e/ ha! a po"er fa,tor of 5/4./ A rea,ti(e load ,ontainin# ,apa,itor! or indu,tor! '"hi,h one "ould e7pe,t for !u,h a po"er !uppl). ha! a lo" po"er fa,tor 'i/e/ ' i/e/ le!! that 5/4. and thu! de-rate! the tran!formerG! tran!f ormerG! po"er ,apa,it) to the !tated 2A multiplied b) the po"er fa,tor be,au!e it dra"! more ,urrent than a purel) re!i!ti(e load/ So1 "hen ,hoo!in# a tran!former for a rea,ti(e load1 one need! to di(ide the load in "att! b) the loadG! po"er fa,tor to arri(e at the 2A needed "hi,h ha! !uffi,ient



















;efore loo8in# at re,tifi,ation1 !ome #eneral information about AC "a(e form!/ Fi#ure 5 belo" !ho"! t"o ,),le! of a !inu!oidal "a(eform/ The (erti,al a7i! !ho"! amplitude and the pea8 to pea8 (alue '200.1 !ho"n b) the pin8 arro" i! 34 2 pp/ The pea8 (alue '20K . i! half the pea8 to pea8 (alue and i! !ho"n b) b ) the red arro"/ The The horiBontal a7i! !ho"! time/ One ,omplete !inu!oidal ,),le ,on!i!t! of a po!iti(e Hpea8H and a ne#ati(e pea8 or Htrou#hH/ One ,),le i! al!o =64 or 3 radian!1 a half ,),le '2 0K or or -20K . i! 54 or  in radian!/ U!uall) "a(eform! are di!pla)ed "ith horiBontal a7i! in unit! of time/ The "a(eform belo" !ho"! t"o ,),le! ea,h "ith a duration of 5m!/ A! freuen,) i! the re,ipro,al of time1 then thi! "a(eform ha! a freuen,) of 5 8%B/ Fi#ure 5



















AC !ine "a(e ha! a (alue of 54 2olt! 2olt! RMS it "ill pro(ide the !ame ener#) to a ,ir,uit a! a $C !uppl) of 54 (olt!/ 20K 2RMS  or 2 20K P P 4/@4@ Q3 A(era#e 2alue The A2ERA&E (alue i! normall) ta8en to mean the a(era#e (alue of onl) half ,),le of a !ine "a(e/ The a(era#e (alue of a ,omplete !ine "a(e i! of ,our!e Bero1 a! both hal(e! are !)mmetri,al about Bero/ U!in# onl) half a ,),le1 the a(era#e (alue '(olta#e or ,urrent. i! al"a)! 4/6=@ of the pea8 (alue/ 3P 20K 2A2 or 2 20K P P 4/6=@ A2& &   0ea8 2alue The 0ea8 (alue of a !ine "a(e i! the ma7imum po!iti(e pea8/ $efined in term! of RMS (olta#e it! (alue i! 20K   Q 3 P 2RMS or 2 20K   5/>5> P 2RMS 0ea8

to 0ea8 2alue The pea8 to pea8 (alue1 208 i! i! !impl) t"i,e the pea8 (alue/ The pea8 to pea8 (alue i! the "a(eform that i! di!pla)ed on an o!,illo!,ope/ RMS (alue! are di!pla)ed b) an AC multimeter/





















3

f

fi#

Fi# 3/3 %alf "a(e re,tifier ,ir,uit

The $C output a,ro!! a re!i!ti(e load1 i! appro7imatel) the (alue of a half ,),le1 le!! one



















Fi#ure

>



















The Hra"H $C produ,ed after re,tifi,ation i! OK to ,har#e a batter) or li#ht a lamp but an) ele,troni, ,ir,uit need! a !mooth $C !uppl)/ In the ,a!e of audio ,ir,uit!1 parti,ularl) amplifier!1 an) unfiltered $C "ill be heard a! a HhumH in the euipmentG! loud!pea8er!/ The hum i! proportional to the AC po"er !uppl)G! freuen,)/ A filtered or !moothed !uppl) i! a,hie(ed b) pla,in# a lar#e (alue ele,trol)ti, ,apa,itor at the re,tifier! output1 Fi#ure

6



















Fi#ure

@



















48 A(erage DC 2al&e:

The mean or a(era#e d, (alue i! the (alue mea!ured b) a meter or multimeter/ An o!,illo!,ope !ho"! the pea8 to pea8 "a(eform! and the o!,illo!,ope horiBontal ,ur!or ,an be u!ed to mea!ure the d, (alue/ The mean d, (alue for a full "a(e or half "a(e unre#ulated !uppl) i! diffi,ult to predi,t be,au!e a! the load ,urrent ,han#e!1 !o doe! the pea8 to pea8 ripple (olta#e/%o"e(er "ith referen,e to belo" fi#ure h





















20 i! the pea8 (olta#e (alue 'al!o the ma7imum ripple (olta#e.1 C i! ,apa,itan,e 'F.1I i! load ,urrent'A. and f i! the !uppl) freuen,)'in %B./ 4= Dio$e Con$&c"ion an$ >ea? Dio$e C&rren":



















I pea8   Where

T T5

Id,



















7 LM78 *EAT SENSOR 73 LM78 De#cri>"ion:



















Fi# =/5 pi,torial repre!entation of LM=?



















































































































































































































































Automatic Fire Control System in Railways 1

Recommend Documents