Aurora Book Company-Children Picture Dictionary English-English-Hindi With General Knowledge-Aurora Book Company (2010)

\ARORA'S\\

y

with

General  Knowledge  Published bv :

ARORA BOOK COMPANY 109, Prakash Mahal, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110 002 Ph .

: 23 25- 70 92 ,

23 25 -7 96 4

ISBN 81-87718-21-8

Compiled by : DHARAM DEV ARORA

y

CONTENTS S.No.

Subject

 A. THE DICTIONARY B.  ACTION WORDS C. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 1.

Colours

2.

Days, Months and Seasons

3.

Time

4.

Page No. 5-94 95-113

fcbUlcHcb

114 RH, H^.k jc i

114

h   HIH

114

 A ni mal s

cp -^ Ft

115

5.

Birds, Worms, Insects and Reptiles

MU^,

6.

Cries of Birds, Animals and Insects

M f M , vilMcWf CUMI c f l ^ -H c h l ^

7.

Young ones of Animals

VJIMCIVI cp cpsff cp ^ TR

117

8.

Sounds

fc|fH?l c j ^ l

118

9.

Dwelling and Places

Pi cl KI l^cj

4-tcbl^ l|cj

dl ol v^ cl)

d?| cf)|

HIH

116

3J|c||.\if

11 7

118

10.

Schools & Colleges

11.

Subjects

12.

Sports & Games

^ e f ciaTf

123

13.

Eatables and Cereals

v i l HM dSMI -HlvrlH ^

124

14.

Spices

15.

Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables

16.

Plants, Trees and Their Parts

17.

Parts of the Body

18.

 Ailmen ts an d Bo d y Co n d i t i o n s

^ ci H ^ l R l ^ l l d ^

^ ( M

^

122

HH

122

125 4>cH kjcj ^ Rs Hi ji iflfc), cjJH

126

v H ^ 'H\*\

127 128

yixpu

daji

129

19.

Relations

130

20.

Clothes and Wearing Apparel

131

21.

Ornaments and Jewels

132

22.

Musical Instruments

23.

Household Articles

24.

Minerals

25.

Places, Buildings and Their Parts

26.

Stationery

27.

Tools

28.

Warfare

29.

In the Hospital

R l f c b ^ l c H A I i)   *l*
140

30.

Profession and Occupations

M 

141

31.

Police Department

H fcJ'-HI-11 ^

32.

Jubilee Table

ciia^

133 i n MRCIN w ^ s f t

CR^

133 135

>WIH, ' W H ^cj vJ H^ •HMI

135 137 138

aftjHN

139

kjcj

o q c ) ^ ! ^ c i4
143 144

acorn ( ) m

The nut whi ch grows on an oak tree. If you plant an acorn \ it will take a long time to

aeroplane

(3* rtt #T)

A machine which flies in the sky.

^TW;

fsRHI

grow into a tree. ^cJcT "^T Wf l

alligator ( QTh'V< )

An animal which lives in rivers and looks like a crocodile. -erfswri

abcdefghijklmn j : opqrstuvwxyz [ alphabet C^ tfi fiR :)

acrobat

(^te)

An acrobat does clever tricks at the circus. ^M l' Kl

alsatian

 A d d er 

The letters which are used to write words.These letters go in a special order. 3 uiHi
a poisonous snake. "^MT ^TPT;

A large dog which looks a bit ( Q h ^ h ) like a wolf. ftranft ^rar I

an t

.

ambulance (Qhs^c-kh)

A very small insect. Hundreds of ants live together, "^flzt

A special kind of car which takes people to hospital when they are ill or hurt, t f ^ ^-SMeff ^ STFRfM^t cTTcft "HT^t I

antelope (Q^chIm)

anchor  (•^m)

A heavy piece of iron on a long chain, it keeps a boat still. cFR I

ap e (irq) ankle (•^PcT)

anorak (QnY^ch)

An animal which looks like a deer, f f r q ^TT "q^j i

A large animal like a monkey without a tail. W T T ^ ; "f sf af fa I

Part of your body which jo in s your foot and leg. Z^TI

A jacket with a hood to keep you warm and dry. ^ fcrc

apple (•qufef)

A round fruit which people like to eat. TRf I

apron (t jt h)

A piece of cloth which you wear over your clothes to keep them clean, ^ r g f ^ W Wt % fcro; W t I

aquarium (arMtsm)

A glass tank to keep fish in. You can watch the fish swimming around. I artist (OTf&re)

arm (srrf)

A person who paints and draws pictures. °bCll°bK; f^r ^TR I

The part of your body between your hand and shoulder, ^pf l I

astronaut Ofc^Nfe)

A person who flies in a spacecraft. SRrfts} w f t

armchair  A chair with sides. You rest (ot^^r) your arms on the sides. ^c^R^ff I

astronomer  (•^m) army (srnfl)

arrow (^f t)

A person who studies the stars. TsPTtel I

|_ o ts 0 f soldiers. ifal; ^nR "

A stick with a point at one end and feathers at the other. I

axe

(wO

A sharp tool with a handle You chop wood with an axe. j ^ i s l I

7

baker  A person who bakes and sells bread and cakes. -im®ii£

baby

A very young child. A baby cannot walk. T ^ I ®r^fT.

(•^ft) badge

8

An object which is round. You often use a ball to play a game. ifc; 7TtcTF.

Something you wear to show that you belong to a certain school or club. fsfM.

badger  A black and white animal which (sTvsr) lives in a hole in the ground. A badger is very shy. f t e "q^; f^sj.

bag (%ti)

ball («fra)

Something used to hold things. A bag can be made of plastic, paper or material. sfcfT;

if r 5

Y ballet dancer

A ballet dancer dances in the ballet. A ballet is dancing which tells a story. "^R

balloon

A bag filled with air. Som e balloons are small, others are large. "^pTRI.

banana (crrt)

A long yellow fruit with a thick skin.

band

A group of people who play musical instruments together. ^ barn   A large building on a farm, (cjpf) Farmers keep things like hay and animals in a barn. ldK.

bandage (t ^5 r )

A thin piece of material used for covering a wound. A bandage is usually white, ^ts

basin

A round bowl for holding liquids. cTWFT;

basket (eiiR^e) barbecue (dWdc^)

Cv barber 

Something to hold things. A basket is made from strips of plaited wood, z t ^ f t ; ^f d^ l.

A party outside where food is cooked on a fire.  "RTCT "^F ^

person who cuts hair.

bat

A piece of wood used to hit a ball.

bat

A small animal that flies at night. A bat looks like a mouse with wings. -ciH'IK^.

9

bee (i fl )

A brown and yellow striped insect, A bee collects honey.

beetle (ffcci)

bath (cnaj)

bear (fcrc)

beard

(flani)

A big container which you can fill with water and sit in. You can wash yourself all over in a bath. 'T^T^ ^T ; ^FTFT.

A large animal with thick fur. A bear can be black, brown or white. Tfe;

bell (iter)

A bell is hollow. Inside is a ball which hits the side and rings when shaken, w t ; W l .

belt

A long thin piece of material. You wear it round your waist, "^zt; ehH<«K.

The hair which man's chin. ^ t . bicycle (eii^cbcH) binoculars

bed (•^g)

10

An insect with four wings. The front wings are hard and shiny,

Something you sleep on. Beds are usually soft and comfortable. fallen;

A machine with two wheels that you ride, ^ hI Wi "^t mifoxrl. These are like two telescopes  joined together. You look through them to see things which are far away. ^Mfa.

a small cru nchy cake,

biscuit (ftfase)

black

fafchd.

boat ftte)

A sma ll ship. A boat floats on water. HR; f ^ c f t .

bone (cf^r)

One of the hard whi te parts of the body of a per son or an animal. ^ST.

T h e  darkest colour of all. "^MT; S R ^ K H ^ ; ^tTCTT ijF.

blackberry (cctcpiff[)

A small juic y fruit. Blackberries can grow wild, ^ l e ft

bonfire blackbird (^c pcf ^)

blackboard (^cpe fr^)

blue

a fire in the

garden.

A black bird with a yell ow beak. ^facT.

book (fEP)

Pag es joi ned for you to read.

boot

A sho e whi ch cove rs your ankle,

A black surfac e. You can wri te on it wit h chal k. W W .

A colou r. Th e sky is blue when the sun shines. nten FT.

ft?)

^

11

bow (eft)

A curved stick with string. It shoots arrows. bread (is)

b ow   ( e f t )

box (cfnpn)

A kind of knot. You tie your oelaces with a bow. ^rt ffte.

A food made from flour, ^ e l M

b ri ck ( t o )

A piece of clay which is made into a block and baked. Bricks are used for building, fz.

A container with straight sides. A box is made of cardboard, metal or wood, - h ^ ; "^zt.

bride

A woman on her wedding day.

imz)

boxer  (w rc )

nU-

A person who fights with his fists, t i ^ i t f .

- 4 > € bridegroom (d i^ ij H)

boy (#g).

o

A man on his wedding day. " ^ T ; Wi.

A male child. A boy becomes a man. bridge (to)

branch (fTpei)

The part of a tree which grows out from the trunk. ^Teft; Z^ft.

A bridge cross es a road, river or railway. It takes you over to the other side. "Jcf;

b r o o m A   brush with a long handle. You sweep away the dust on the floor with a broom. Wf^

bucket (erfcfcz)

A container for holding water. A bucket always has a handle.

bud

A leaf or a flower before it opens.

(t o )

^ eft;

bus

A very large car which carries ( e r a )  people. -M l d MI d =FT "HT^FT; ®T?T.

budgerigar (ensrfrfR) A small brightly coloured pet bird.

blutcRer  He sells meat, ^ n f ; *TRT (f^R) ^TefT.

bull (^cf)

The male of any kind of large animal, usually cattle. ^Hfe; ^ T . butter  (ere*)

bulldozer  A big machine which moves (•gesture) lots of earth and rubbish.

Soft yellow food made cream. h<=ksm.

buttercup (•sr^r-epq)

from

A bright yellow wild flower, W in %

butterfly (sre^w^) An insect with large coloured wings. A butterfly grows from a caterpillar. fcRTeft. bungalow (cPTcft)

A house with no upstairs. All the rooms of a bungalow are on the ground, "ST37

button

^TeTT.

•

A small round object. A button fastens your clothes together, ^ r , ^rq^f "qr  wft   WfT.

cabbage (fofca)

A green vegetable which we eat. ^ M ; WT t M .

camel (3>*r?f)

A large animal which lives in the hot dry desert. It carries water in one or two humps on its back. Ife; ^PlWH =FT ^tftst.

canary (tfafl)

A small yellow bird which sings. People often keep a canary as a pet. faf^l.

candle (%^§ct) A round piece of wax with string through the middle. The string burns and makes a light. cage (%ut)

A box or a room made from bars. Animals and birds can be kept in a cage. fq^TCT.

canoe cake

calf (tPTO)

14

A small boat fel+KI ^ft.

A sweet food which is made from flour, butter, sugar and eggs. A cake is baked in an oven. 37IZI, 3TCT3T, W I , ofit rHdlch< ^FTFTT

A young cow or

. WfT.

car  (cRR)

a motor with four wheels.

caravan

a house on wheels.

cello (•ftcft)

^ n\

carrot (^s)

castle ( t ^r a)

A long orange vegetable. A car  grows in the ground. "TFJR.

rot

'

centipede

chain

Rings which are joined together.

chair 

A seat for one person to sit on. A chair has four legs and a back to lean against, f^ff.

**

A small furry pet.

caterpillar 

A small creature which changes into a butterfly. ^tei, ffiw.

KD cheese

cherry cave

(ck)

An insect with lots of legs.

A big stone building. Castles were built long ago.

:

cat

A musical instrument like a big violin. c i n R h "^Fn.

A big hole in a cliff or in a hill.

A food which is made from milk.

A small round fruit. A cherry has a stone in the middle. tJtef "Htef cTTcT W .

15

chips ( fl ro )

chess

A game for two people played with chessmen, w b r

chicken   (ffoR)

A   young hen. "grffwr^EfT; ^pn.

Small pieces of potato which are fried. cT^fir^z^t.

chocolate (t rr p^ e)

choir  (M^f)

A brown sweet made from cocoa. ^rtert ^r ^ f t ffcrsrf.

A grou p of peop le wh o sing together. TTFT^f ^ q ^ T ^ u^dl ^FI

I n —

church (xnf)

SEP rfni chimney (fxprft)

(ftTRFyft)

A building where people go to sing hymns and pray. pR^II^R;

A pipe to let the smoke out of a  house. It   is on the roof. Pn+dH ^T T i m

chimpanzee

^

 M

a  clever ape.   3 q ^ r oHHI^bl.

clarinet A musical instrument which you (cf^e) blow.

claw (•cfc^j)

A sharp hard nail on the foot of an anim al or bird.

coat (cpfc)

Something you wear over other clothes, ^ f % TW fi M T " feef T f 3 TT W f l

cliff  (top)

A high steep rock usually near thesea.^f^FTft^^ ft^SR

clock (cRTfcp)

cobweb (cbTdcId

A thin silky net made by a spider. The spider catches insects in a cobweb.

coconut (>lcfrHe)

A very large nut which grows on some palm trees. -iiR< m

A machine with hands and a face to tell you the time. •sr^t. comb (cpm)

comic (cfiTftcfi)

clown (cfcii^n)

^ Tfl.

A funny man at the circus. A clo wn has a pai nte d face. HUteHI; "tMf^ri.

cook (gnp)

A comb has teeth for tidying your hair, ^ f t ; W

A paper book with lots of small pictures, f ^ f w f t "qf^T ^ i t a .

a person who cooks food. WTT "SRpt M I ; stTcr^f.

17

cork (•cBTcfj)

A thing to put in the top of bottles to stop the liquid running out. ^cTef =Ft ^TS ^T eFFT.

corn (cjrpf)

The seeds of plants like wheat, barley and oats. Corn is made into food. 3FT;

cot (we)

A small bed with sides. A baby sleeps in a cot.  # 1 ; 3TT hktmi.

cowboy

(cMvdetfij)

cowslip (C^MR-chm)

crab

cottage (cPT^T)

cow

18

A man who looks after cattle on a ranch. ^ T W I ; ^ wu.

a smalfwTfd yellow flower. ijr ^ T ^ z t tu

An animal which lives in the sea. It has a hard shell and ten legs. ^T.

A small house in the country. ^ n ; m.

The animal which gives us milk.

cracker 

You pull this and it goes bang. A small present is inside. <*>hm W I t.

cr ow (ml)

A large black bird. " ^ T; W T.

crown (tPTvj^)  Something worn on the head by kings and ^queens. A crown is often •made of gold.

crane (j fa )

A machine whi ch lifts very heavy things, m l ' crcgsrf ^ "sbt^ ^

cube (cpqer)

A shape which has six sides all the same size. mi=t->i<

f^TT37f ^r ^TRT f ^ wrr). ' {crocodile (tbUYiiijd)

A large fierce animal which ' i v e s i n t h e  water and on the land. Tp rr q^ ; t jf eil H.

cuckoo crocus (ufarn)

A flower which comes out in the spring. cf^T 3 "fec^ WcTT

cucumber

A bird which makes a noise which sounds like its name.

A

long

green

vegetable.

(cHjcbkN)

•n,

croquet (stfcfr)

A game played by knocking balls through hoops. T3=F "SRFTC •^tT

faRTO

^ ^ n r r ^ n

d+k l t.

^ t

%

^ t

cup (cpq)

A container with a handle. We drink liquid from a cup. WcTI.

19

dentist (W&z) dagger 

A person who looks after your teeth, ^cf R=iRtic«eh.

A kind of knife used for fighting.

L4u IT

Ij El ]

desk (t*cf>) daisy (t^r)

A small white wild flower. It is yellow in the middle. JJd®l£k

harp pointed piece of metal with feathers at one end. wter cik.

dial

dice

(feR)

20

A wild animal. A deer has horns and is very shy. "ft,

A kind of table. You sit at a desk to read and write. fers&f.

(^pra)

deer

]

The face of a watch or clock. ^Tft ^T ^ f ^ w t r s N F ferel ^ f.

Small cubes with numbers on each side. You use dice in many games. TTCTT; ^ M ; Rffq ^ M ;

dictionary (Rscrcufl)

This book is a dictionary. It tells you what words mean. YK-'^Ffa; "g^RT f^RT^T TTW cWT 3Tsf t ^ ^ f.

dinosaur  (^t^^tr)

A very large animal whi ch lived thousands of years ago. t^Ft MTT MtMcK ^ TJff

dishwasher  (•ferranrrc)

diver  (^ifcR)

doctor  (^nre*)

A machine which does the washing up. ^ T T ^ t TFFTf

A person who swims under the water. Divers wear special suits. 'lldltelU.

A person who helps to make you better when you are ill. M ^ R T ; %T; "dfrprf ^T f c I R ^F f M I ^rfe.

d og

Csfo)

An animal which is kept as a pet. t ^ M ^ -

doll (^ ra )

A toy which looks like a baby or a child. Tjf^n. - ^ % ^t •fctfhl.

dolphin (•3Tfc*jR)

An animal which lives in the sea. Dolphins are very clever.

donkey

An animal which looks like a small horse. A donkey has long ears. W .

door  (•sft)

A door open s and shuts and allows you go into a room or building. q
-W dove

dragonfly (^H ikH i^)

dress

A large insect, usually < bright colour. TO

Som eth ing wor n by ift TW; feT^TRT; x r f t m

wom en

a bird which is like a pigeon. ^Ksdl; ^cTC % MRclK ^FT.

1 2

3

U.

5

6

7 8 9 10 1132 dozen (wi)

dragon (% tr )

22

This is another way of saying twelve. ^HF ^TT t j ^ c ^ t .

A make-believe animal. Many stories have been written about dragons. W W ^ffa; 3 3?ft R + dd l f .

dri

" (%0

You use a drill to make holes. ^ ^TT 3#3TR.

drum (^r)

A musical instrument which yo i beat with a stick. "^cT; WSI.

duck (to)

bird whi ch can swim.

'

earthworm

(siafcpf)

eagle (^ra)

(iSR)

' 

'

V

M

—

-

-

A large worm which lives in the earth.

A large bird whi ch eats small animals. W ; easel (l^yTcT)

ear

°

You have two ears, one on each side of your head. We hear with our ears. ^FTFT.

A frame made of wood to stand a picture or a blackboard on. cRan; w r q ^ w r ^ r erarat ^ ^far.

easter egg (tf^^T)

An egg made from chocolate. ^ft-fRT c%R-qr *fe w ^ q f ^ n ^TTcfT t ^ n ^ Z ^ ^FfcTT t ) .

eg g (tttt) Some ani mal s lay eggs. x^^NBabies of these animals are f /h at ch ed from eggs. sf ^T .

earth

(3Rf)

0 -Wo • \ -I, «w ° * - • P.' 6 o ' O is " The top of the ground. We put plants in the earth, ^^cft; IfPTfr;

eight (•qe)

The number between seven and nine. W s fk ^ % ^ t TTMT. 3TT3. 23

elbow (TTc«rt)

The part w here your arm bends in the middle. <=hl^-fl.

elephant (•qcT.Tfr^)

The largest land animal in world. An elephant has a long nose called a trunk. FMf.

envelope (^HcJdM)

A folded piece of paper. You put a letter in an envelope.

excavator  (xrcmc^t)

A big machine which digs, ^ ^ft

cricn eleven

(jvm)

em u

(spjj

The number between ten and twelve. ^R F % =Ft IRiPTT : TqRf.

A large bird which cannot fly. Emus is live in Australia. STH^fcFTT ^ r ^FT FT

^

^

ey e (OT^)

The part of your body you see with.

eyelid (3n^fers)

The piece of skin which covers your eye. "q^RF.

eyelash

The hairs along the edge of your eyelids. Eyelashes help to keep dust out of your eyes. "TcT^it % ofTeT.

(wijbt)

fence ("to?)

fern (to)

A kind of wall usually made of wood. cfTST; "s^T.

A green plant which has featherlike leaves. qf ^f f ^ m i •qf^n.

face

j h e f r o n t p a r t 0 f y 0 ur head.

(t o)

ferret (Tfcfte)

fan ( t o )

A machine which blows hot and cold air. W I .

farmer  A person who looks after a farm. (TJipft) farHM; l M oncJT.

feather  fto^l

A little animal used to catch rabbits. ^ t^eira "^n^.

A lot of fine threads. Birds have feathers. W

ferry (%ff)

A boat which carries people and cars across water. ^ftTT; "TT^; f ^ cf t .

field {itez)

A piece of land with things growing in it. ^fcT; WTTF.

fingers (ftotf)

The five things on the end of your hand. Ff«T ^ t

25

fire ( M )

Something which burns and gives out warmth. 3TFT;

fire engine

(WR Tjfnjn)

A large motor car which carries water to put out fires. 3TFT ^TT^ TTTSt; WT

A coloured piece of cloth fixed to a stick. fTST;

flamingo (T^Tt)

A bird with a long neck and long legs. You often see a flamingo standing in water at the zoo. TRFH "q^it.

flower  ( w w < ) fireman (w#i)

A man who rides in a fire engine and puts out fires.   3TFT

fly fish (fan)

The part of a plant which holds the seeds. A flower is usually a bright colour.

A small insect with two wings.

A creature which lives in water. We eat some fish. ^RWft; TTfPT.

Q. fisherman

A person who catches fish.

1 five (TpT^cj)

26

The number between four and six. ^TR W. % cfft WTT: •qfa.

foal (•qytcl)

foot (ige)

a young pony, ^f rf  ^TT ^

^T ®psrr.

The part of your body you stand on. qfo;

football (^rieiTd)

A leather or plastic ball used in the game of football. "fc ^

footprint

The mark made by your foot when you walk on something soft like sand. ^ f^RT.

Ogefite)

fossil (wRhch) The shape of a plant or animal which lived a long time ago. These shapes can still be seen in rocks. ^RJ T M % m oft wfa % ^ "STHfft f

fountain

Water which shoots into the air. W T ; ^R^tRl.

(mivj-ci) four 

The number between three and

OPft)

/ r7 iI tifive.

""tN %

cfff

4 ' forehead

Oitata)

fork

fort (nil*)

The part of your face between your eyes and your hair. "RM; mm.

An instrument for picking up food. •QHTWt ^J ^fe.

A strong building. Soldiers used to live in a fort. ^te.

fox (t^Tcr?)

frog

A small wild animal with a big bushy tail, ef fo rt .

A

cr ea tu re

which

c an

water and jump on land.

in

te.

27

garage

gate (Tfe)

A gate is like a door but you see it Outside. A gate can be made of wood or iron. ^T MT.

ghost

A ghost is supposed to be a dead spirit. No one knows if ghosts are real. ^fcT; f^T.

giraffe

An animal with a very long neck.

a place to keep cars,

(ftRPP)

garage (frf^ si)

faw.

A place where you get petrol. TTt eT a f l f t o fl t

cM

^

g>

rl

A female child. cQ

^ T .

Clef) garden (•nr^r)

28

The land round a house. You grow flowers and vegetables in a garden. ^TPT;

glass (^crra)

Glass is hard and breaks easily, You can see through glass.

glasses

We wea r gla sses whe n we ('eiiRivjt) _ cannot see very well. • Glasses are sometimes ^called spectacles. WTT;

 _ ider  ( joH^sw) An aeroplane without

an engine.   "f^FTT " ^ R ^T I w t .

globe (Teita)

A round shape like a ball which shows you all the countries of the world. Titor fcrcr "qr ^ ^ °ft *rt ^ n t .

glove On^)

A covering for the hand. Gloves keep our hands warm.
glue (Tcjj

Something whic h is used to stick things together. TT^T; f ^ w ^ ^T

VVvMA^

i_/ v> . v n

gnome

L I X

A little make-believe man who lives underground. #=TT.

goal (Titer)

A woo den frame with a net. You kick a football into a goal,

goat (Tfte)

An animal with horns. A goat gives milk.

goldfish OiWfogi)

goose (tj tt)

Fish which are gold in colour. ^f r^ ; t q "q^rt.

A bird which looks like a big white duck. 29

gooseberry (Tpplft)

A   small green berry which you can eat. sfi^fT.

grasshopper (TTprr"?m)

green

A small insect  jumps. Pd-^si.

which

The colour of grass. FTT; ITT TT.

(to)

gorilla

A very large ape. WTTJ^; "SflT

guinea pig

(Tpft •RTT)

('ftRedl)

guitar  grape (t q)

A sweet juicy fruit. You make wine from grapes. 3PJT.

grapefruit

30

grass (tirt)

A bitter fruit like a large yellow orange. WtZT   -<=i =hld
a green plant. WT ;

(flrcrc).

A small animal kept as a pet. ^ %TT W f ^ t w s f t M ^tfftc.

A musical instrum ent with strings. tec.

gull (•ner)

a sea bird. T T ^ M ^ T T .

gun (TFT)

A wea pon used for shooting. cTR

handkerchief  (I^TcpT^to)

handle

^j) hair 

A small piece of cloth you use to blow your nose.

Part of anything you hold in your hand. A knife has a handle fPtfnd so has a door.

Thin threads whi ch grow on your

. t o ) ^ M f e 

head.

Some hair

V j T 

hammer (to)

*

a

"

animals ov er

th eir

handlebars C ^ cH nI )

^ b o d i es .

a  tool for hitting nails, f 

The part of a bicycle you hold onto when riding.

te hanger

(W)

A bent piece of wire with a hook. You hang up your clothes on a hanger. Tsfzt ^T eT ^ft

"sfT cfTt

^faT

"TC  •grrt di+l^

hamster

A small animal like a big mouse. We keep hamsters as pets. ^ ^ W^^hcr.

(tare*)

hand (fcss)

hare CN)

a wild animal like a rabbit. % TTft^R 3 TForf^cT

harp (mi)

A musical instrument with strings A harp has the shape of a triangle

W I

Part of your body at the end of your arm. FTC; W .

handcuffs (l^swtm)

r f i

^Tct f .

Two metal rings which lock your hands together. Policemen use handcuffs on prisoners.

31

hat

Something you wear on your head. 2rq.

(%e)

heel

The  back part of your foot. "Q^t.

CM

head

All the parts of your body above your neck. f^R.

helicopter  (Mlw^) headlight )

The lights on the front of a car or motor cycle, f ^ f t % 3TO W] ^FT WTWeTT^. helmet

heart

Your heart is inside your body. It ^ pum ps blood. You can L ^ T ) hear your heart beating. mm / i^T; te

An aircraft which can fly straight up and come straight down. f^FTP ^ fft % w tt sm TS  ^racn t cT?n ft -^cR t. A kind of strong hat worn by soldiers, policemen and firemen. People who ride on motorbikes have to wear a crash helmet. eiWdlM; far ^Fl ^STT t l ^TcTT Zfa.

mmBKHmm^Sm^ hedge

32

A kind of fence made from small bushes. flTfe^i ^T ®tTf.

hedgehog (ttm)

A small animal which is very Prickly. W t ; ^ M ^T

-•hen ' a female bird. "g^Tf.

hive

heron

CM

herring

A bird with long legs which likes standing in water. ^npn.

h oe

A   small house made of wood. Bees live in a hive. "R ^hR ksmi '3FI

A garden tool for digg ing weeds.

out

A small fish found in the sea. ^ W f t ^Ist Wef t. holly

A tree with prickly leaves. Some holly trees have red berries. ^ H ^ T i t ^ e b ^ k fnst.

hook (fcp)

A curved piece of metal. You hang things on a hook. ^feT.

hoop (^q)

A circle of wood or plastic. You jump through a hoop or roll it

mountain. ^ ^ T ; Wf ^;

hippopotamus

(OMcw-i)

A very large anim al which lives near a river. ^ f w f •srteT.

s ^ n g the ground. ^

TO;

33

EB

EB

E E3

( HEFT P I T A U 1

horn

Pointed bones which grow on the heads of some animals. "#T.

1

IB

"• . J

•

hospital (a R^ ed )

horn (#f)

EB

A place you go to when you are ill. 3-iwdld ; fafeoHM'M.

A musical instrument like a big trumpet. You blow a horn to make a sound, ^f 1 ^ cj^l

house

A   building where people live.

TJf ;  WFT.

horse

A friendly animal. You can ride on a horse. ^TteT;

horseshoe

m

hose

(im)

J4

A piece of metal which is fixed to the bottom of a horse's hoof. "^TTeT.

A long narrow pipe made of rubber or plastic. Water goes through a hose. T^T; ^ ^t ^ Wf TTPTt ^Ff "Qcfr T«fPT ^ ^Fft W W: % W T STTcft t .

hut

hyena (^TT)

A small building made from wood.

A fierce animal which looks a bit like a wolf. c r l ^ ^ m .

igloo (^i)

insect (3-Atixi)

iceberg (OTifwf)

A small creature with six legs. Ants and flies are insects,

A very large lump of ice floating in the sea. f a n femsU

ice cream

A soft frozen food. Ice cream is made from milk and sugar.

ice skate

A special kind of shoe with a sharp metal piece fixed to the bottom. ^ "^R f ^ d ^ c f M ^cTT.

icicle (aijR-icbd)

Eskimos used to live in igloos. An igloo is made from large pieces of hard snow. mJHhI^.

A thin long piece of ice which hangs from a roof in very cold weather, d
iron (s rw R)

Somethi ng which is made of metal with a flat part underneath. You make an iron hot and rub it over clothes to smooth them. M ^p ft ^f tr t.

island

A piece of land which has sea all round it. i f a ; ZPJ.

iv y (srrf ft)

A green plant with shiny leaves, Ivy climbs up walls. R u W ^ t WT

35

 j am

 j ac k et (^rf^)

A very sweet food whi ch is made by boiling soft fruit and sugar together. "fC^T; sixTR; t M ^ft.

a short coat.

 j ay

 jac k -i n -t h e-b o x

(^cp-^i-^-cffcm)

A toy which looks like a box. When you open the lid a doll pops out. ftfsTCT 3 f^TT §37T T^TOK^T fedk.

 j ea n s

A bird with blue, brown and pink feathers, il
Trousers made from blue cotton material. ^ ^

 jac k knife ( ^ p ^ i p ) A large pocket knife ^Sj^N which has many different blades. "^T ^MT •^RfT.

 jag u ar (u|Jc|W)

36

A fierce wild animal which looks something like a leopard.

 j ee p (wfa)

A very strong kind of motor car. A jeep will go over very rough roads. TTRjt; Fc^T W T ^ 3W5|T -J^RT ^frl f.

 j i g s aw puzzle (fvFraTTiylcT)

 jelly (vitcft)

A wobbly kind of food made from fruit juice and sugar. 'gi^T; Tfrst

A picture which has been cut up into small pieces. These pieces are then fix ed together. % Z ^ f

oFt 3 W T

w^pBiri  jellyfish ^cflfogi)

A sea animal with a soft body. It looks like an umbre lla. "^Icn^fKt

TOeft.

 j o c k ey (weft)

A person who rides on a race horse. ^T ^f aT ^ W K .

 j u g (W T)

A container for liquids. A jug has a handle and a special place for the liquid to come out of the top. =fF 3 faehMI 3fR ^ m

iersey («!#)

Something you wear on the top part of your body. A jersey is often made from wool. ^ f t "gJcff.

 jewel

A special stone which is worth a lot of money. A diamond is a  jewel, TFf.

 j u n g l e (yFTct)

t.

A very thick forest found in hot countries. "^FM; ^T .

37

key (eft)

Something you use to open a lock, A key is made of metal. ^r at ; ^ j f t ; cTToTl". - Iu ^

keyhole (•jft

kangaroo (Vre)

An anim al whi ch lives in Australia. A kangaroo hops on its back legs. STR^f^TT sr c^ % wte crm

%

kid

kettle

38

O UO A hole in which you put a key to unlock a door. "^TRt cTHPt ^FT

A baby goat. ^ R t ^T W^H.

% ®r|

sfcft ftcft t . kilt (face)

kennel

I

A skirt with lots of pleats. People who live in Scotland sometimes wear kilts. fwlTPTf

a house for a dog. ^frff %

A metal container used for boiling water. A kettle always has a handle.

king (fcfrrr)

A man who rules a country. A king is a very important man. TRT; ^ T; M J ; ^ T .

knee

m kingfisher 

A bird with bright blue feathers. A kingfisher lives near a river, -cmle) W I ^ M I W f ; imfWn.

kipper  (ftjOR)

A herring whi ch has been dried in smoke. ^ 3 RpiTf w!" HsSdl

kitchen (fctjrR)

The place in a house where you do the cooking. TFTf

kite (
A kind of toy which goes up into the air on a long piece of string.

kitten (ftse^)

A baby cat. M

^T ^r ai .

The middle part bends. ^TT.

leg which

knife (h t? ^)

A sharp piece of metal joined to a handle. You cut things with a knife, ^fl^; sfft.

knight

W O

A soldier who lived a long time ago. ^ f t ;

knot (^fte)

It is made by tying two pieces of string together, "nfe.

knuckle (wcO

The part of your finger which bends, i f t ; ^FT ^ffe.

39

pmp

A light in the street. ftalRT, ^^TcTltWT.

A special kind of string you use to fasten shoes. ^ ^ F f cfiT "tftcFT. lantern ladder  (cW)

ladle (pTSci)

Iamb

(ft*) 40

A set. of steps made from two long planks of wood with small ieces between them. A dder can be made of metal. You climb up a 7/ ladder. ^ M ;

A big spoon O O K S  liKe >n wnicn which  Ilooks like aa cup on the end of a long handle.

A baby sh ee p. '^ rT ;

eFi

A lantern is made from metal with glass sides. You usually put a candle in a lantern to give you light. dldcH; eb^lel.

lark (oTPfc)

A small bird whi ch sings as it flies in the sky. ^ cfT^T "q^ft; cT^T.

lasso

A rope with a loop on the end. You catch horses and cattle with a lasso, ^ s f f eft ej5T "q^j.

lemon (et'FT)

lawnmower (cfH^ER)

leaf 

A machine used for cutting grass. W ^iz^f #1.

It is green and g r ows on plants and trees, w t ;

leap frog (•^ta tptt )

a yellow very sour fruit, i f ^

A game in which one person  jumps over another. ^ t w c f ^ f f^T Rsldl^l % TT

leopard (cfcni)

A fierce animal which looks like a large cat. tgsfT.

letter

A message which is written down on paper and then put in an envelope. M m TR^T;

letter

A mark that stands for a sound we say. Words are made from letters.

(ctef)

H=hdr) f .

leg

We have two legs. We walk with them. They are joined to our body.

lettuce (crfcm)

A plant with big green leaves, You eat lettuce without cooking it. ^ t cTCF ^T -qffaT; ^

41

lifeboat (cfT^p efe)

A special fast boat which rescues people in the sea. wNh TO ^ T ; T r g ^ 3 ^ f ^ w f ^ Ft cfft m W^fi ^

lizard (fcfMri)

A small animal with four legs and a long tail.

lobster  (cfiw?)

lighthouse

lion (eTRR)

litter bin (fc T^fim)

42

A tall tower with a big flashing light. A lighthouse helps ships to know where they are in the dark. WT (hhMH

log (efFi)

A small sea animal with a hard shell and five pairs of legs. The front legs have sharp claws.  "Q^R "G^R °FT

A round piece of wood which has been cut from a tree,  dob-si ^FT cjp^T

lollipop (chTc^nn)

A large sweet on the end of a stick. "Q^r ^ "spsff ^ pHdii

luggage (crftra)

All the cases and bags you take with you when you go away, ^ f t ^FT UPTFT.

A large wild animal found in Africa and other countries. fw.

A container in which to put your rubbish.

marbles

net ( t ^ t e )

Small, pretty balls made of glass. 3?%; ^ r % t I Q ^ ^

A piece of metal which can pull other pieces of metal to it. marionette

magnifying glass

•'eTR?)

magpie

(Vn^)

A glass which make things much bigger they really are.

can look than ft 1 7 ! mask

Something you wear over your face to hide it or protect it. =t->i Jitf; ^ n f e ^ anfc ^T-goffer.

mast

A tall pole on the deck of a boat. It holds the sail up. t t ^ , % if eFMT f31T c ^ T t z i f^RT ^ W f ^fa l W t .

A black and white bird which is very noisy. "J^ffcft W ^ cT«TT i ^ f   ^TToTT ^TtfWT

fffltrtiir-

(•mrs) mallet

A wooden hammer, (n^sl ^T

(^rfcTC)

map (tm)

A puppet which you move with strings. fleT^-fcT^ ^ f t obdJidei).

A drawing which shows you how . , to find your way to somewhere.   TO

m at /jSl _,

. . , . , x Api r  ec e of thick material you put on „ , r t h e floor  ^

43

match

A   thin piece of wood with a special tip. This tip makes fire when you strike it against something. "Tlf^RT; RilWdli

mermaid (wr^)

mattress

A make-believe sea fairy with the tail of a fish. *idH
A very thick pad which goes on a bed. "H^I.

merry-go-round (^fr-Tft-xn^u^)

maze (•ifri)

A place with lots of paths all crossing each other. You can get lost in a maze. ^cT-^^TT.

A large wooden platform with wooden animals on it. A merry-go-round is sometimes called a roundabout. W I ^

microphone meat (ife) medal

(Tt^cT)

melon (^pr)

44

Parts of an animal used for food, »IHcK"f °FT TTRT;

An instrument which makes sound louder. 3TfcTR ffaf ^ ^lefT

A piece of metal like a coin. You are giv en a me da l   you W7~i i do something brave. ^ T ^ ; WTT ;  faw.

A large juicy fruit.

microscope

(HIs^WIM)

An instrument which you use to look at very small things. ^ T O f ^RT.

milk

A white liquid food.

(to)

^T .

monkey (Tfcft) mink (•fiftp)

A   small animal with soft fur. The fur of a mink is very valuable.

moon minnow

im)

mirror  (ftr ?)

A very small fish. ^ TJcF Wtzt

It looks like a large bright light in the sky at night. The moon seems to change its shape each night. ^jrr.

^TT cITcTM

A piece of glass with silver painted on the back. You can see yourself in a mirror, ^ f r l ; snf^TT; Htm.

mop (Tfm)

A small anim al which can climb trees and swing from branch to branch. A monkey can be very clever. °TFK.

A sponge on a long handle. You clean the floor with a mop. "sft

WF

%

W

3MT t . mitten

(ft*0

mole (ifta)

A covering for the hand. A mitten like a glove but with one for all the fingers and one place for the thumb. IT^T ^RTHT; ftraS •snff "3E7I?T cTSTT 3T^T STeFT f^FTT "STTcTT t .

A small animal which lives under the ground.

mosaic (Htyl^cb)

Lots of little pieces of glass or stone put together to make a picture. ^ M ; TW; t M % jpFTff ^ F t f ^ ^FTFTT;

45

mountain mosque

A place where worship. TTfcsR.

mosquito (TFHcfajt)

motor boat

Muslims

(HIvfc^H)

mouse

A small animal with a long tail.

mouth ("RT^ar)

The opening in your face where you put your food and drink.

a small flying insect.

A boat that is run by a motor. TTO^ 3 W f w f t

mu g (t ft)

motor cycle (?Ttcr?

46

A very high rocky hill,

Some thin g whic h looks like a large heavy bicycle. It is run by a motor. "^fef^ w f t ^rrrT •HlSfaxrl.

A big cup which usual ly straight sides. ^ W ^ f ^HT

mushroom (H¥i>hH)

has

A small plant. When it is growing in the ground it looks like an umbrella.

nail

neck (•^tp)

A small thin piece of metal with a flat top Jftpd a point at the other encU^fT;

The part of the body which joins the chest to the head. fJ^T; W .

necklace (^cbelVH)

A piece of jewellery worn round the neck. ^ ^T f K .

nectarine

A sweet juicy fruit which looks like a peach.

net

Mater ial which has lots of holes in. You use a net to catch fish. "RWft

net

Net can be made with wire. You use this to make a fence or a cage. HNM M; sfcteT-W^ cfit ^ HFTf 3 tW^Tt^cf ^ F f   cTTeTT ^IM.

nettle (^tecT)

A weed Which stings you if you touch the leaves.
newspaper  ("i^m)

Large print ed sheets of paper which tell you what has happened. *WMK TO.

Q

*I4-K1I<3: TffteTT W f .

A thin piece of metal with a sharp point at one end and a hole at the other.

newt

A small creature with a long tail. It can live on land and in water. CT?JT

nest

A place where birds lay their eggs, ost birds build their own nests.

nib (ftw)

3 Tf -^Run f .

The point of a pen. The ink comes through the nib when you write. ^ R ^t - j ^ f ^TFT TT feRrn «

47

note book (^t efc p)

nightgown (Hij
Something girls wear when the y 9 °  t 0 b e d - ^ ^

nun nine

The number between eight and ten. 3Tf3 ^ T % •sft^T "^ff W H :

ninepins (HI^HRvH)

A woman who lives in a convent and prays to God a lot of the time. ^ ^PTTftH TT3 i f T P R w t i

A game where you try to knock over wooden sticks with a ball, t ^ i^TT ftrctf

^ ^r ^ noose

A book of paper which you write in. ^F ft ; |jfw=bl.

^f fwn ^TCTT

A circle of rope made by tying a slip knot. When you pull the long end of the rope the loop gets smaller. T^^ tft f^J .

nurse

A person who looks after sick people. sR^lRphl; Wft;

nut

The seed of a tree, ^ m w f ; ^qR t; HlRild 3nf^ ^ f ^T nu t A piece of metal which you screw (•rcl^svon to the end of a bolt.

nutcrackers (Hethcjj^)

nose (^ftyT)

48

Part of your face you breathe through. You have two holes in your nose. These are called nostrils. H m

nuthatch (^rclti)

Something you use to break the hard shell of a nut so that you can eat the inside. TlftaT; ^ I S W ^

m

A small pretty bird which likes to eat nuts. M W l ^ ^icll

octagon ( 3Tf ^ H)

oak (3Ttcf>)

A large tree which lives for a very long time. WcJcT ^T i f o

A shape with 3TB

octopus (wfcf^m)

A sea creature which has eight arms, srra ^T«rf ^TT

omelette

A food which is made by beating eggs and frying them. 3Toi ^TPTT "TqT

oar  [sfft)

A pole with a flat end. You use two oars to row a boat. ""TcRR.

one

A

musical

instrument.

11

The lowest number. WTT: Voa.

onion (3T^T!r )

oboe

eight sides. ofMt 3TT^T.

WTlf;

^fHf ^ t

A round vegetable which grows under the ground. An onion has a very strong smell. "^TM.

(afWl)

 _ry (arayTEfeff)

A building with special telescopes inside for watching stars. f^JWfl; W Ic^TTR ^ ^ f t ^rffcT cfi^ =FT  M l .

orange (aftfita)

Orange is a colour. It is also a fruit. TRTCT; w f t ij ] .

orchard

A place where lots of fruit trees grow, "q^f ^T ®fFT.

49

orchestra

Lots of people playing musical instruments.

orchid (arrcffcg)

Brightly coloured flowers. Large ones grow in hot countries or in a hot greenhouse in colder countries. Small orchids grow wild. ^

1

TJjeflf

otter (afte*)

A fish-eating animal which lives near a river. It is not easy to see an otter. ^ faciM.

cfMT

m

i t

oven (3frcR) organ

A motor whi ch goes on the outsi de of a boat. TO % ^WT eFlt

outboard motor  (ai vje dU

The part of a coo ker wher e you put food in to bake. P®Mdl ^ t ^

overalls (artcROT?^)

Somethi ng you wear on top of your clothes to keep them clean. ^TT ;
a sea eagle. Tnj^f ^ffa.

ostrich

A very large bird which cannot fly. An ostr ich has long legs and can run very fast.  

(OTR^t)

50

P r .

3TSM ^ ef T.

A big music al instr ument with black and white notes like a piano, f w f t

osprey

i q t a ; 

o w l

(«reei)

A

c h K l ' K 

mfa

  bird which usually flies at night, Owl s catch and eat smal l animals -

pail

paddle (%5ct)

A long thin piece of wood with a flat piece at each end. You use a paddle to make a canoe go along in the water. "^P^ TOR.

paddock

padlock

A small field. *IH<=|0' ^T W51;

Another name for a bucket. ^Te^t; ^cHMM.

paint (^e)

A liquid you paint on something to make it a different colour. FI;

palm (wr)

A tree whi ch grows in hot countries. cfTf ^T cfTf

palm

The inside surface of your hand.

A lock which is movable.
(rim)

page (^3f)

One side of a piece of paper in a ^ ^ ^ .book. W .

Hill pagoda (M SI )

J U U a Chinese temple. WT H; 3TTf^ % ^ -qf^.

pancake '

A food you make with eggs, flour and milk. A pancake is very thin, fapl; ^telT.

panda (^ st )

A small animal with reddish-brown fur. A giant panda is a large black and white animal which lives in China. "CRJ.

51

pane

A thin piece of glass which goes in a window frame. Rsl4<=bl Wit park (irrfc)

[An animal like 1

panther

paper clip ("taR'foem)

parrot

A piece of bent metal which fi xes sheets of paper together. W l tj ^t TfT«r W t T?^ % tcTQ; ?IR, ^TRJ Tf krlirUcb ^ t ^Fft M

•--- x- ( ^ i ^ j d ) A large round piece of cloth with strings attached to the edge. You use a parachute when you have to fall a long way in the sky. f ^ l f WT t STCT t w r ^ L ^ t ^

A large garden usually in a town, People and children can walk and play in a park. "3UFT; ^TfcFT; ®prfar.

A bird with bright feathers. People sometimes keep parrots as pets because you can teach them to talk. cffcTT.

passenger  (M^H )

A person who rides in a car, bus, train or aeroplane, ^rrat; ^TT 3 TTR "TPST

parasole

parcel

(wfa)

52

An umbrella whi ch shades you from the sun. "Sfei M i l .

Something wrapped up in paper   and tied with string or sticky tape. ^ e T ; TO1;

patchwork

path

( TJW)

Lots of little pieces of material sewn together to make a pretty cover. f ^ r - f ^ M 3TFFR CT«TT "?rff w f ^ r f % ^ F f f 3

A road whi ch you walk on. Cars and bicycles do not ride on a oath, Wf.

p aw W

j h e soft foot of an animal. Hl^-Kk W .

pea (iff)

^T

A vegetable which looks like a 1 it— tie green ball. Lots of peas grow together in a green case called a pod. iTO. pelican (^fofcfR)

peach (Tfrer)

A sweet juicy fruit with a big seed in the middle. pen (faf)

pencil pear

The juicy fruit of the pear tree. rnrr -IWHIDL

pebble

(ifacl)

peg (fa)

A large water bird. A pelican has a big pouch underneath its beak. h^Ri^T TlFf WfT  ®T5T T T ^ •qaft.

Som ething whi ch writes in ink. ^ftsFft; W l . A thin piece of wood with lead Qjpwn the middle. You write and with a pencil. You can rub it if you wish.

Small round stones. You can find lots of pebbles on a beach. ""TcSR; "5fcT "S^neT 3 f^RT f i r t j f t "q?SR. Wi ^ A piece of wood or plastic with a metal spring. You hang the washing p with pegs, g^f p

"^T

M i w , sncj^T ^nfe^^i fWi. Pekingese

A small dog with very short legs. ^QlNH W f f WIT ^ "^T ^uTT.

pendulum (fa?om)

A heavy weigh t found in some big clocks. A pendulum swings backwards and forwards and makes the clock keep time, ^ s t ^T WR.

53

petro

(^teO penguin (trf^cR)

A bird which lives in the Antarctic. A penguin can swim but it cannot fly. ^ f e t "^t

The liquid usedin cars to make the engine go. "^Jfcf Tl f^ R ^cT ^ FFf

petticoat (^tete) pennant (faRe)

(TTCJ)

^TeTFTT ^ n

Something which can be worn WTT. under a dress. 

A woode n bar in a cage for a bird to sit on. "F ^ft 3 # f f

%

J^a}nt

A bird whicFT lives in woods. Some people shoot pheasants and eat them. WIc[ Tffff

^FiT

photograph OleliUfr) perfume ( TR T ^ )

periscope (^R Wln)

A picture camera.

mad e

by

a t^f;

A sweet smelling liquid made from the petals of flowers,

An instrument used in submarines. A periscope lets you see what is happening on the top of the water. W? ff ^ft ^fq ^t ^ f t ^ N k f^rer m^wiil 3 t. photographer (Wttt^r)

petal

54

1

A long thin flag which is pointed at one end. cTWf w f t ^MTcTT^T. pl

perch

^

Part of a flower. "f^T

A person who takes pictures with a camera.

Something you eat made with pastry on the outside and fruit or meat in the middle. • ^P n.

pianist

(ti^Re)

A person who plays a piano. fosfFtr -

'

—

^

pig (ftm)

An animal which is kept on a farm, When we eat pig we call it pork.

pigeon A bird which can be wild or tame. ("PtaR) /-^Pigeons are clever and can nd their way home from a long way away. piano (i^ft)

piccolo

A musical instrument. You hit the black and white keys to make the sound. "S^FR ^TT ^FTI.

A musical instrument like a small flute. A piccolo makes a very high sound.

pike

( TT^ P ) pill

("fteT) n

picture ( f ti ^ )

A drawing, painting or photograph. Sometimes you hang a picture on the wall. t^TJT; ci'wk.

pillar  ("ftcrc)

A rather fier ce fish fou nd in rivers. "^Teft Weft. A small ball which is medicine. A pill.is small enough to swallow. / ^rf t i M ; ^cnf fdr+^i.

A wooden or stone post which helps to hold up a building.

55

pillar box (ftcR encRT)

A bright red box in the street to post your letters in. ^-tffeB T.

pink (ficp)

A colour made from red and white, TJcTRt cTSTT ^T

pipe

A hollow tube that liquids run

(^i) pipe

through, ^ f t .

On^q)

You can put tobacco in a pipe

smoke it.

pillow

pilot (m^cHc;) pi n (fo r)

A bag^-filled with sofTrrlSterial. You put your head on a pillow when you sleep. ftKSHl.

A person who flies an aeroplane. f ^ T H "^TMcF.

A person wh o used to rob treasure from a ship at sea. You read about pirates in story books. ^g^t g^TT;

pistol (ftrecT)

A small gun. f ^ f t e f .

pitchfork

A small thin piece of metal like a nail. f*H ; ^ M P r

pineapple (W^ra)

56

pirate (TTi^reO

A large fruit which grows in J p t countries. It has a very thick skin. 3RHRT.

pizza (ft yn)

A fork with a long handle and only two spikes. You lift hay with a pitchfork. ^TT w ^T cffe.

A flat cake of dough with a tasty topping . It come s fr om Italy. i^ T Ff ^ J R (TM M ) .

plum plank

plaster  (kHi*ri>0

A soft juicy fruit with a stone in the middle. afl^^slKI "TI

A   thick flat piece of wood.
A piece of material with sticky ends. You put plaster on a cut to stop it from getting dirty. ^ T f ^ t

plumber

pocket (wfce) platform

plug (WT)

A person who fixes water pipes. cTTFf ^TT ^fer ^

A small bag fixed to your coat, trousers or dress. You can keep your money in a pocket.

Part of the floor which is higher than the rest. You can also see a platform at a railway station. It is always higher than the railway lines. ^ ^ K i ; "S^R cFT  ^cRT; ^TT ^T % "^T^ ^ ^ f t WT ^ T ^ Wft f. A piece of rubber or plastic you put in the hole in the sink to stop water from running away. polar bear

^

plug

f ^ n Wen t .

e white bear.

(TTteTC "^TC)

All electric machines have a plug on the end of the flex. This joins it to the electricity supply. ^T ^ TJP "mf wrai ^WT ^l f ^ ^ffl^S %

3 WTRt f .

pole (tfcr)

A   long round stick. W ^ l WTT ^ f a

f^T ^

^T ^

t.

y

polecat

A small animal like a weasel. poppy (Tfnft)

police (TTri^TH)

People who see that other people do not break the law. TT^ ^ r a w *K«*>Kl WIT.

A bright red flower which grows wild, ^i'ldl ""TteT "feT.

porcupine ( M K ^M I ^H )

porpoise (wra) polo

("cftoTt)

A game played by people sitting on horses and hitting a ball with a stick. "tftoTt TOf ^TT T§teT, ^ft ^ "
B ^ n p o rt h ol e ^ ^ ^ C ^ ^ f )

An animal like a giant rat covered with long prickles. Wt.

A sea anim al like a small whale. A window in a ship. Portholes are usually round. T ft Ht ^ F^T

postcard ( M l ^ i i ) A small piece of card. write a message on a postcard and send it in the post. i^RT "CR T m fa
(TM)

poodle Oj^e?)

58

A small dog with curly hair. ^ R T ^ ^RTf ^MT ^TrTT.

postman (TTt^T) ?

A person who delivers our letters.

- y -

post office

\

; j Q— — Q J

projector  (t ft vt o^ )

A mac hin e whi ch is used to sh ow films. ^ ""TC f ^ r Rtell}

propeller  (Mew)

A blade wh ich goes round and round very fast to make an aeroplane or ship go forw ard. ^ i f

A place to buy stamps and to post parcels. ^RT wr cf t

mtecf f .

A container used to hold liquid. You make tea in a tea pot. ^cfa.

potato

prince (ffan)

A vegetable which grows in the ground. Most people like to eat potatoes 3TRJ.

Th e son of a king or quee n,
princess (fl Rta )

pool of water.

cTTeM.

Th e dau ght er of a king or queen.
puffin prison (ton)

A   small

A building whe re people wh o do wro ng things are locked up. ^fcT;

A bird which has a beak like a parrot. Puffins live near the sea. TOf l e f l ^ f^ TT ^

iTffa  cTcM ^ft  ftcft t . f^TT WcTT t .

59

pump (•q^r)

pupil (^sjftol)

A   machine which pushes air or

liquid into a container. You use a pump to put air into your bicycle tyre. ^T^ft ^ i T l i t o 3

pyjamas (m j^ mm )

A jacke t and trousers people wear in bed. ^ft 3 WfT IJKMWI; "q^T qKcffa

The black part of your eye. offi W i l   Wl.

puppet (Trffc)

A   doll moved by string

puppy

A young dog.

pylon (Mi^cilH)

A big metal tower which holds up electric cables. "f^cT ^ITCT ^ f ^T^Ft w n "^ten ^TRJ ^TI "st^n.

pyramid

A solid building which looks like four triangles meeting at a point on the top. ^SFfiR '^cF^; cf^ IFFRcT f ^ T ^ ^ fagsi ^ f t ^ f t f   cT^TT ^ R t W1 f^fclT ^cTT f .

your hand. "^H^cTcft.

(Vft)

purple (tpfa)

A colour made with red and blue, "SWt VT; WcT cTSTT ^ f  FT  trow.

purse

A small bag to put your money in. python ( TTT ^ft)

60

A   very big snake. 3RTR

quads (cwI^h)

queen (cftfR)

A woman who rules a country. Tpft.

(fora)

A pen made from a feather. ctf cfJcTTT.

Four children born to the same mother at the same time, tj ^t Tf W ,

^ t fTTcTT ^

^ pr f

^

i.

quarry

fttfffi)

A place where stone is dug out of the earth. Tf dt W T; jftfe

m ^

quay (eft)

i

A place where ships are tied to the land, "^nrf  ""R ^Tirra 37T ^ f cTSTT ^ct f.

quilt

(force)

A warm cover to go on bed. " M i

W

A bat with strings. You play ten^TT  ^UPHcH nis with a racket.

racket

rabbit

A radiator is made of metal. It usually has hot water inside. is keeps a room warm. ^ T t

radishes (^fMirur)

Small red vegetabl es which you eat raw in a salad. TJeft.

A small animal with long ears. Some rabbits are tame and live in hutches but most of them are

raccoon (Tap?)

A small wild animal. A raccoon has a long bushy tail with black rings. cT«TT tfq^TC t ^ iTI % ^sF siR f f t f .

race track

S2

radiator  Of^cN)

A path where a race is run.

raft (>nwe)

rain (^t)

Bits of wood fixed together to make a flat kind of boat. % ^sT igt  TO.

Drops of water which fall out of the clouds. cT^f; ^ ^ t ^ f ^ ^fT^Tf 3 -pTCTt f .

rainbow O^rat)

A band of beautiful colours som eti mes seen in the sky.

rattle snak e CtecTTtoJ)

A poisonous snake. When it shakes its tail it rattles. "QcF x ^ f l d l P^ cb l ^

^FTcfr  t .

rake

A garden tool with a long handle and metal teeth. % f t , "<#31, W

raven (^cn)

A big black bird with very shiny feathers. "^TcTI

razor 

Something very sharp used to shave hair off your skin.

(W )

ram

A male sheep. ^R

raspberry

rat (fe)

recorder  (RchT-^0

A musical instrument which you blow.

rectangle

A shape with four sides.

A small soft red fruit. W R t .

An animal whi ch looks like a large mouse. "^T .

(^ra)

3 TR< T; ^

STT^FCT

3 TFT%

ft.

retl

rattle (feci)

Atoy for a baby. fFfpT; 3M5T3?T#t

A colour. Your lips are red. ^TM; cTTeT iTT.

63

•rhinoceros

(wrtftr^O rhubarb refrigerator   TTcupbo J?! ""WMichis made (^fitiui^) cold by electricity or gas. The cold helps to keep .T53 food fresh. M V q f t =Ft

aooc

rice

j h e bones in your ches£ H^RTI-M !

The hard seed s of a plant which grows in hot countries. When you cook rice it goes soft.

Leather straps used to guide a horse. cTTFf; ' : cn :rl 'SR ^jff 3TRTT f .

ring

(fto) revolver (RclTccN)

64

A narrow piec e of silk or velvet. Girls sometimes wear ribbon in their hair. "tffclT.

A kind of deer with~^kry large horns. Reindeer live in cold countries. W f t PT T ; fiftq.

ribs (•fteff)

reins

A plant with thick red stalks. We cook the stalks and eat them. We do not eat the -P leaves.

^ WcfFf w t TRTH ribbon

reindeer

A very large wild animal with thick skin.

A kind of pistol. f^frcT; W^TT.

A piece of metal in the shape of a circle. You wear a ring on your finger. #J3t; "gf^T.

river  (ftcR)

Water which flows down fr om tr hills into the sea. ^TT.

road (Tte)

A hard path made for cars and lorries. TT^TT.

robin (Tff^T)

/\

sma||

^

bird with a red breast. cTTeT cfTcft M ^T T .

rocking chair  (•TffctrrT ^ n )

rocking horse (TrfcfcTf I^Rf)

rod (Tfe)

rock

A very large stone.

rock candy

"SsjcT ftMPTT

A toy horse which goes backwards and forwards when you sit on it. ^ F * «

A thin piece of wood. It usually has very thin string on one end for fishing.

A thin stick of sweet. * roller skates (^c R^^ ^sn) roof   ( w )

rocket (Tff^cr)

A chair which goes backwards and forwards when you sit in it. Ijyl^ ^Teft

A machine which is shot up into space. sRTfer 3 ^ ^tt - m .

Special boots which have wheels on them, ^ f i b r %

The covering on top of a building. The roof of a house is often made of tiles, m ^ W.

65

rubber  root

rope

The part of any plant which grows under the ground. ; ^ ^TT "^f =FT HFT wfa 3 WcTT t .

ve ry thick string. THTT.

rubber band (YSR eT^)

m

ruby rose

A piece of very thin rubber  jo ined together to make a circle. A rubber band stretches. °F>T

A red jewel. crTM ^">#1.

A flower which has a lovely smell.

rudder

(to) roundabout kJc)

OR)

rowing boat

(YtFT ^rfs)

A piece of wood or metal on the back of a boat. A rudder moves to make the boat go different ways. ^F j f   "JTT TI^ ^ MdcfK.

Something you see at the fair. You sit on it and go round and round. sJefT. rug

66

Soft material you use to rub out drawings or writing which are wrong. W f .

A boat which needs oars to move it along. TTOK ^ft WfWT 3 Wrti ^Tcft TO.

rung (*T)

A small piece of carpet, sometimes called a mat. =hldlH.

A step on a ladder.

"TT % w f

sand

(m

Tiny grains of rock. You see lots of sand at the seaside and in deserts.

sandwich

Two pieces of bread and butter with some tasty food in between, "gol^f f t ^ t ^ ^t "RRT

a large bag made of cloth, ^tn. W

Meat minced up and put into thin skins. W ^ ^ R T (RRT^r W i t ^ET^ ^f ^RcR; ®FTFTT ^TTcn %).

sausage (^ftftra)

saw

saddle

 jfara)

sail (-^j)

(WTR)

A metal blade with sharp teeth down one side and a handle on the end. You cut wood with a saw. 3TTTt; 3TRT.

A leather seat which goes on the back of a horse. A rider sits in the saddle, ^ t i RT WW* ^ ^r e t;

saxophone

salmon

WTT f t

A piece of strong material fixed to the mast of a boat. The sail catches the wind and makes the boat move. RM; ^ ^FPTfT

A big fish which has pink flesh, ^ t % JJdl41 TT % "RRT "^Tcfl" H^t

scarecrow

musical instrument you blow. "qtcfcT cfrr cira ^ WR TNF 3TMi5f ^RcIT I . "RR% TT 33TR

Something which is put into a field to frighten the birds. It usually looks like a person but it is not. RfSTCt ^ ^ P f =FI "JcTcTT.

67

W scarf  (^PTC))

A long thin piece of material you wear round your neck to keep you warm. ^Tfl;

school

A place where you go to learn. HldVIMI.

screwdriver

scroll (rafter)

A foil of papeP ftnstf % t ^ .

scrubbing b ru s h (wf^T ?r?i) \

schooner 

scissors

scorpion (WRfrjR

screw

68

f37T WFT;

7C"Erush without a handle, "TTR^r ^ T7! ^

'

a large sailing ship. ^ "R^Jcff WTT fT35T ^ t f cfMT *1d4)d. These are like two knives fixed together You cut material and paper with scissors.

(l^yTyf)

You use this to put screws into wood.

scythe

TFT^)

(

  tool which has a long blade. YOU cut long grass with a scythe. tf^TT; ^TT. A

A creature like a big spider. A scorpion has a long tail and it can sting you. f ^ J .

A thin piece of metal like a nail but it has grooves in it.

seagull (^Ticr)

A bird you see by the sea. ^rgsft^ffa.

seat

Something you sit on. f^ff.

Cto) seahorse

A little sea animal which no legs and a curly tail, ^ i w f

seat belt

A strong piece of material which is fixed to the side of a car. You fix it round you to keep you safe. TO; ^ ^T C

seal

(#cT)

^

^feft

M

A large sea animal. A seal can live on land. HtScfl. seaweed

A plant which grows in the sea. Seaweed is very slippery. ^t 3 f f t f cTSTT

ft

seed

searchlight cn^s)

seashell

f f t t.

The part of a plant from which new plants grow.

A very big torch which can shine high in the sky.

The hard covering of oysters and other sea animals. Sea shells can be found by the sea. It is what is left after the animal died.

seesaw

A long piece of wood put over a block of wood. You can go up and down on a seesaw. d
13M cT^T cM

3 3miR WW ftffl t

WR- il^ r tlrf

f.

69

semicircle

Half a circle. •artf^rT. shampoo (f jr jj J

sentry

seven

A soldier standing on guard.

A liquid soa p you use to wash your hair. M ^T^ "^T cRcT "cr^Tsf.

shark (rmfc)

A large sea fish with sharp teeth, Some sharks can eat people. ^

shawl (Tira)

A piece of material worn round your should ers to keep you warm. ^n
shears

Very large scissors for cutting

The number between six and eight.

0&R )

WIT :

m

grass. sewing machine

(•RTtfT TjVPn)

A machine which sews things together. It is much quicker than sewing by hand. f^Tlf

shed

shadow (f t^ t)

70

INI.

A dark patch on the ground made when a person or object gets in the way of the light. ^RTT; W i t

sheep

A wooden hut. "RM ifRFT.

W ^FT t ^ t H'fcldl

An animal which gives us wool.

sheet

(tfte)

A large piece of material used on a bed. ^n ^; ' WT ^R 'f WT ^^ T s^fe^

ship

A large boat, ^gsft

(ftm)

sheikh An arab chief. ^Rf; Otos) TjfmT.

shelf (im)

^T

shirt

A piece of clothing you wear on the top part of your body. ^H I.^I .

shoe

Something you wear on your feet.

A piece of wood fixed to a wall. You put books and ornaments on a shelf. 3TcTTRt ^T T
shellfish (ftcf

A sea animal which has a shell. An oyster is a shellfish. Tfpft 3

-^Teft "WI-TflH.

(il) 

shepherd

shield

^TT.

, 

\Ht> A person ^ h T l o o k s after sheep. 'l-^R^I; STT^ft ^ff w •WsMldl W T t .

Aflat piece of metal, wood or plastic which you hold in front of yourself to stop things hurting you. ^lef; ^ oTSlf 3 TT ^TIcTT t . STN^t

shop

A place you go to when you want to buy something.

71

shrew shorts (?TF&?)

Tro usFf ^wn Tch Y O U R  knee.   ' S F A T W "TFTT ^TTcH t .

come above ^ft   "EJ^ff  ^

A little animal with fur like velvet. A shrew is very shy.

shrimp

A small sea animal. FJ^t

(ftpq)

shoulder 

shovel

^

t.

A container which has a bottom with lots of holes in it. If you put earth in a sieve and shake it all the earth falls through the holes and the stones stay in the sieve. tfd-il; ^ e n l

The part of yo u r body where your arm joins your body.

A tool which is like a spade, only bigger. WT^T;

fen.

signpost (TTT^T 1 ^)

shower 

%

Writing on a piece of wood or meta l wh ic h tells you where to go. H i ' f ^ * W T .

a little bit of rain, ^ [ m ; ITf t.

{iwr)

silkworm

A caterpillar that makes a thin

(ftrecPcrf)

silk thread. ^F T °FT ^ftel.

Arm? shower  (?TTCR)

72

A spray of water from above. You can was h yourself in a shower. t ^ K cFT FIR.

silo (Tn^cTt)

A tall tower used to keep animal food in. Tlrf t; f i t ""TTHeT, 3HR, •^RI 37Tf^ qR m

skirt

sink (facp)

A piece of clothing wor n by girls and women. ^BT ^TtftRPf wmt ^ 3 w frm t .

A place in the kitchen where you wash the dirty dishes. krllfk«h Sflfc 3 "SFTT THt^R ^T ^ The bone in your head.

^T®3ft "3FTFF

^ t  ^TTcfr  t .

SIX

(fftcw)

skeleton

c" T"

The number which comes before cT^TT W seven and after five.  

All the bones in your body.

SLl

skyscraper 

A very tall building.

(tmiiSm) 

"fTRcT.

(-HbfaeH)

skis

Two long pieces of wood. You fasten your boots to skis when you want to slide down the snow.

sledge (Tota)

Something you sit on and slide dow n a hill when it is covered with snow. ^ "SR^T f^FTT

cT^ft % ^ oT^  cT^ f^H ""R 3TN ftRTcTTT^f. skipping rope

A rope with a handle at each end. You turn the rope to skip. f ^ T ^ t

sledge hammer

A very heavy hammer which will break a rock. ^RZFf W W

d^

t

73

sleeping bag ( ^ [ f r l tq)

A warm bag^yStT sleep in when you go camping. "SMI "51M

smoke

A kind of dirty cloud whi ch

(•^P )

comes from a fire.

A small garden creature which has a shell on its back. "srfaT.

l

slide (TcTT^)

-WV- 
k j

A long piece of smooth metal you can slide down. First you have to climb a ladder. 3f?Tcn fstf'z IcTTf^ 3 WU  f^RRl cT^^fjRT

snake (•Fto?)

iM'grcr

A long thin creature with no legs. Not all snakes are dangerous. #7; ^f.

cR^fWef

sling

(f^Fl)

slipper 

A piece of material you tie round your arm and neck if you have broken your arm. ^T "ret cfrt F^ST ""R ^ sffi^ ^ «ff*ft "^TTcft '

snorkel (>HicfeeO

A soft shoe worn in the house.

A tube which you use if you want to swim underwater. One end goes in your mouth and the other stays above the water. "^Ht % IfflcF ^ cflcft I^RT^T WT % W ^ 3 WIT ^IcTT t   CT«TT ^RT W % ^ R f^f T^t mt.

^TT.

s u

' 9

74

A large snail without a shell.

snout (•Hi^e)

The nose of a pig. =FT

f 377

^t m

*

0


snow Ont)

Frozen rain. WIT; ^ »

^ t ^rf

6 ,

0 soldier

A man in the army.

(•^uR)

snowman

A man made out of snow. The bottom part of your foot or your shoe.   cTcTT;  % ^T cTeT^T.

snowplough (•FTtTcira)

A mach ine which can P u s h l o t s o f   snow off the road. i z i ^ ^T sombrero

soap (^flq)

Som eth ing you use with wat er wh en you wa nt to get your self

(wR ttf)

A big hat'worn by people in Mexico. ^ t ^ r f t efft ®rgt

clean. W p .

sock

Clothing you wear on your feet.

sofa

A long seat which is soft to sit on.

spacecraft

( ^ h TfJTqE)

A machine which can go up into space. ST^rfej

75

spade

A tool for digging the garden. spine ( W ^ T)

spaghetti

The bones in your back. The spine is made of lots of little bones join ed together, i t e ^

Long thin pieces of white food made from flour, eggs and water. tf^ ftr ^   cTSTT -gf&R  ftpf 3 W^ t W=R7sTRt f.

spinning wheel sparrow

(•^fl)

A little brown and white bird

(RMR'I ^tcT)

A big wheel which is driven by the foot to spin wool. "sngf.

often seen in gardens. M^qi

spear  (^¥f3R)

A long handle with a sharp piece of metal at one end. A spear is used to hurt people and animals. spire ( W E R )

speedometer

spider 

An instrument in a car which tells you how fast you are going. 'iTd^m^ ^T ; W f f ^ t TfcT

An insect with eight legs. It catches flies in a web.

76

The pointed top of a church . f ^ f a r f : ^ f ctft ^rtet -Jn

springboard (ffcrowti)

The piece of wood hanging over the edge of a swimming pool. You jump or dive off the springboard. cKulc1ld 3 ^ ^ ^ F f k R  WSU.

sprinkler 

( f W ^ a)

Something used to w&ter gaYdens. ^TRt fe^c^ WTT. &

O M A piece of sharp metal which is worn by cowboys on their boots. Spurs are used to make the horse 30 faster. ^ J ^ N k

spur  (TPTC)

stadium

Rows and rows of seats built round a big space. People watch sports in a stadium.

•srajorr TT^.

square

A shape with four equal straight sides. C| J |Uk sn^fcT.

(wfo)

stag

a male deer.

stage

A platform wher e people act.

w f w

-

,—TfTT-r

-fi^srsquirrel  

A small grey or red animal with a long bushy tail. A squirrel

tW^^TCTM.

lives in trees. PicisO.

stagecoach

stable (T^efcT)

A house for a horse. fsSTIeT.

A large coach which was pulled by several horses. Stagecoaches used to carry passengers. MI4H114I t ^ r f f ^ ^f rt ^ § ^T«TT ^rrf^RTt ^ t ^ ^ ^ ^ % ^FFf STIcft

77

stairs

stem (^T)

The thin green part of a plant. The flow er grow s on top of the stem. =FT cRT.

stick (ftep)

A long thin piece of wood, ^ff w f t

The steps in a building for getting up or down to the next floor. tflfiwi.

A star

/

A bright light we see in the sky at night. cTRT; taKT.

starfish (• ^r cfon)

A flat sea animal with five arms. This makes it look like a star, tan W l . stomach v H f V ( " ^T^)

^

station

The place where trains stop to pick up people and to let people off the train. V l ' l l ^ l % ^ n^rr

steak

/

This is like a big bag in your body. Th e foo d you eat goes into your stom ach, "fc.

stone

A   small piece of rock.

stone

The hard seed inside some fruit.

stool (^a)

A little seat wi th no back. s1 ^ t t?NTi

f.

a thick slice of lean meat . TOT ^TT

stopwatch

c)|T) )

( WN

A special watch which has a button to press when you want it to stop. You use a stopwatch to time races.

strawberry

stream

stork (Ttffr)

A bird with a long neck and long^ legs. FIW ; zffi, ^ M f cT«lT W f ^TcTT

a small river. ^Ist

stretcher 

A long thin piece of leather or cloth. You use a strap to hold things together. "*TT % ^FT

(ft ^r) (itf)

straw

(^0

A kind of bed you can carry. injured people are carried to an ambulance on a stretcher. "fPTt a m i ' 'qTC^ oqfe ^ ^H I- dR d ^ t cTlt

t. string

straw

A sweet red fruit

Thick thread used for tying up parcels. W i t wft.

A long tube of paper or plastic. You suck a drink through a straw. W f ^ ^

Dry yellow stalks from corn 3 3 7 1 ?;

W-

submarine (w i^ I)

A boat which goes underwater. H1§««ll

79

sun 0( H)

^I \ The sun shines in the sky and gives us light and heat. ^ f .

sunflower  ( TH Mh>cHici>f)

sunglasses (*H'diR-M)

surfboard

80

sweet

a food made from sugar,

swing (fapr)

A seat hanging from chains or ropes. You sit on the seat and move backwards and forwards.

sword (•tfri)

A long sharp blade with a handle at one end. A sword is used for fighting. cid=)K.

fasif;

A bright yellow flower. Sunflowers can grow taller than a man. ^Fspjot ^T

Dark glasses which shade y e s f r o m  the sun. 3 W1H 3FT W . ou r e

A long flat board you use to ride on the waves. W R T ""K w t m

swan

A large water bird with a long

(#i)

neck and webbed feet, t ^ -

swordfish )

A fish whi ch looks as though it has a sword on the end of its nose. d
tank

table

A piece of furniture with a flat top and four legs.

(t^ cf)

tanker tadpole (tsqtcf)

A very young frog or toad, ^ ^ ^

(pm)

tap

A ship which can carry oil or other liquids. cRcT w J % ^nfc ^

You turn a tap to make water run out. ^ToT.

tail

(to.)

A very heavy car made from special metal. There are guns in a tank.

which sticks out at the back.

tape recorder  ( t q Rchfi'O tambourine (t^T )

A small kind of drum which rattles when you shake it. ^ w t ; tart

tangerine

A small orange.

A machine which can record sound on to plastic tape. This machine can also play the sound back. 3TFTFT "HT^ cf^FT

A small piece of pastry with jam or fruit in the middle.

^t

ten

("^T)

taxi (tcRfl)

A car that you have to pay to ride in. ^ ^K. tent

teeth (£[sj)

The number between nine and eleven.

A house made out of material and kept up with poles. cP^

The hard bones in your mouth. You can bite food with your teeth. ^  3TfSfcFT ^tcf. A long bendy arm. An octopus has eight tentacles. FTm^i; fsrrr t t e % m M ^T qFT *Ft STTfc ^ SiTRcfT

tentacle telephone

An instrument you speak into. It carries your voice through electric wires to someone far away.

telescope 'tfcTWfa)

Something which makes objects far away look much nearer.

television

82

An instrument which is able to bring pictures and sound through the air from a long way away. You can see these pictures when you switch on.

tepee

A Red Indian tent which goes up to a point. cT^.

test tube

A thin glass container which is open at one end. H«sn
thermometer (anrMfe?)

An instrument used for finding out what your temperature is when you are ill. dlHHIM=b

throne

thermos (apfa)

thimble ("farmer)

(sfa)

A special kind of seat for kings and queens. TR Hh^I-HH.

thrush

A bird which sings. It has a

(«Ri)

speckled breast. ^Tft^T; W \ w f t

thumb

The short thick finger you have

A container which keeps things hot. ciTWIFft ^cfa; ^ ^cfa

A small metal or plastic cover which protects the top of your finger when you are sewing. 3 M ^t ^fT krllfw^ ^ t

3  •qf^m t .

on each hand.

thistle (fsmel)

thorn

A plant which is prickly.

^T

ticket (fefoe)

IHTT.

A sharp point which grows on some plants and trees, ^rfel;

tie three

(sft)

A small piece of paper you get when you pay to ride on a bus or

The number between two and four, ^t sf k ^TK % ^ M I:

A strip of material which you wear round your neck under the collar of your shirt. ^ 3 ^fepf ^loft Zlt

83

torn torn

tongs (^TvH)

tiger 

A drum which you beat with your hands. ^FTT^T; 1 W ; ^ T ^vCf •^fer ^  WWII W I t.'

A tool used to pick up things. twi.

A fierce animal like a big striped cat. ^rfal.

toad

An animal like a frog. A toad lives on the land most of the time. wn TT fiTerm-^RTr Tfretf

toast (•efts)

Bread which you have cooked so it is golden brown on both sides. SFTRf cfct 3TFT ipr ^ tzt.

tongue

(cPl)

tooth

A thick piece of flesh inside your mouth. Your tongue moves when you talk and eat.

One of your teeth.

(5*0

toes

("styi)

A small brush for scrubbing your teeth. ^fcT M

tooth paste

A special paste for cleaning your teeth. You put the toothpaste on your toothbrush. ^fcT WTi " ^ f % f^Pt W "nt^fT ^ s f t ^ s^T "qr WTT ^ TRtn f^TT  ^TIcTT t .

The parts of your body on the end of your feet. %

tomato

84

toothbrush

A red juicy vegetable. Z W I .

torch (*W)

light you can carry about and switch on and off. ^t ^TI

toreador

tortoise

A man who fights bulls. "Ffa %

An animal which walks very slowly. It has a thick shell on its back. cFtfsn.

towel

(•erasic?)

t o w er

tractor 

A cloth for drying yourself when you have washed. dlRi^ii.

a tall building, ^ r t ^JKcT; TTftR;

A farm vehicle with big back wheels. A tractor can pull heavy things. W t ;  pRX.

toucan

(^R)

A bird with bright feathers and a very big beak. cTRt sf a

3 "Spgw f f i ^TcTT

trailer 

Something on wheels which can

(s^rc)

be pulled by a car or lorry. ^rfT TI ZToft

W T "SRT

^TTcft t .

85

trapeze

train

A lot of carriages pulled by an

(t 5 *)

engine. \cPTT5t. tray (t)

A short bar hung between two ropes. You swing on a trapeze.

A flat piece of wood, plastic or metal. You carry plates and cups on a tray. mcj sts-m e T ^ t ^FT

tramp

A person with no home who

(Ifr)

walks from place to place. ^FT "^t cTeTRT 3 cTRt ^ c T W

^ ^

tree

A large plant with a trunk and

($)

leaves, "fe ;

trench

a long narrow ditch. ^FFT $ ^en^ % fcTo;

trampoline (t^Tc^R)

trap

A piece of strong material stretched over a metal frame. You can jump up and down on a trampoline. i^T %PT

Something you catch things in.

STTofl".

. 

^ ^ ^

triangle

A sha pe wit h thr ee sides.

tricycle

A cycle with three wheels. finf^rr -Hi^d.

(gsRi^d)

trumpet triplets

Three children born to the same mother at the same time. "STO % ^lef

tripod

Three metal legs joined at one end. You can put a camera on a tripod. fcH lf; ^Tf ^ r "5ft % ^FT  3TRTI t .

(fljifu)

trunk

The main part of a tree.

<**)

CRT.

T-shirt trombone (^rwm)

A

musical

^T

A short sleeves and n o shirt c o l l a rwith   - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

instrument.

tuba trousers

A piece of clothing which

(^rayrtf)

covers your legs. Mdeji.

trout

a musical instrument.
A   fish which lives in rivers.

A very big musical instrument.

.

tugboat f^ ief te )

A small strong boat which can PuN other boats. 3PT ^ f f ^ "SITcft RIcf. 0 _ o/

- v >

tunnel

(^ra)

A pas sag e built ground. "yr>T; ^ t T .

under

the

tusks

turban

(^T)

A long scarf you wind round and round your head. "TT ^; WfiT.

turkey (^cff)

A large bird we often eat at Christmas, s f r ^ t Wl "q^r Wt.

turnip OsPfa)

A white round hard vegetable which grows under the ground. WFT.

twig

a very small branch of a tree.
twins (f^n)

Two children who are born at the same time to the same mother. T^^cJT "^T; "Q^" TTI«T ^

tw o

("?)

turtle

The numb er betw een one three.

and

A turtle has a shell. It lives on land and in water. Trg^t

88

Long pointed teeth that some animals have at the sides of their mouths. Ffsft =FT R+CHI i|3TT

typewriter  (^ti^T^)

A machine which prints letters when you press the keys. z ^ T w .

V ^ /

vacuum cleaner

umbrella (sntcn)

A machine which picks up dirt from the floor, sj^r ^t

Som eth ing you hold over your head to keep off the rain.

van

A car with no windows at the back,

(t o)

A van can be large or small. ^ F t f f W t

underpass

A road which goes under a

(a-^MhH)

bridge or another road. "J^T %

TJjinft W f t ^ P F .

vase (to!) unicorn

(
A pretend animal that looks som ething like a horse with a horn sticking out of the middle of its head. ftR % sfto 3 "QcF "flf 7! cfMT cbfcrMd "^frS!

A container for flowers.

vertebra

(cr^sf)

One of the small bones in your back, f t e ^ =FT

89

vest

A piece of your clothing you wear

(f az )

next to your skin. sff^TH.

violin

(
A

musical

instr ument

with

Strings. W T t .

waistcoat (t^cpte)

A coat without sleeves. ^FK J^; f^RT sfT^^T

waiter

volcano (JlHcbHl)

A man who serves food in a restaurant. Tf "^R -qri^ w t ^c F.

A mountai n with a hole in the top. Sometimes hot ash comes out of the hole, ^ i c i i ^ l . waitress

vulture

(WtR)

90

A woman who serves food in a restaurant. ^Whm-4 3 ^ R

A large bird which eats dead

wall

Som eth ing

built

of

bricks

or

animals.

(
stones. Houses hav e walls. cffaR.

wallet

(cnfacT)

A small case for holding your money. ®rg3TT; ^ f t . warehouse

wallpaper

Paper with a pattern on it used to cover walls. ^faTC  ^TC wfi t M Md l W R .

(cfict ^fa^)

walnut (clTcHHri)

A nut with a hard shell, s m f e .

A very large building. All kinds of things are kept in a warehouse before they go to the shops. WFTkm.

washing machine

(cTlf^FT A machine for washing clothes,

^

wasp

An insect which can sting you. (cTFFqr) cft^ri;

walrus

An animal which looks like a seal but it is larger. A walrus has two tusks, w ^ ^mf ^ m t ^rgsft •^tei. - »•

(cffeRTt)

wand

A thin stick used by a magician. -eft

wardrobe

(cn^)

A large cupboard to keep   your clothes in. ^ f t w t ^ t

waste paper  basket (f rr ef rre *nR-che)

watch

waterfall

(cn^wra)

• O J A basket kept in a house or office. You throw your rubbish in this basket.

Something you wear to tell you

Lots of water falling from a high place. W l .

wheel weasel

(
A circle made of wood or metal. Cars have four wheels. They go round and make the car move. Tf^TT.

A smal l animal with a long neck. A weasel eats snakes and rabbits. ^HHcK ^ f f ^ f f q cT«TT W T f t T H M

weather-cock cpTcf>) CD ^ T x  j f v j f t w ^J^T  jT

t.

Two pieces of metal in the shape of a cross. A weather-c ock blows round in the wind and shows you which way w nc is ' *   blowing. f^TT

^MT

wh

'P

A strap with a handle.

whiskers

"rich grow on a man's face . ^

whiskers

Hairs whi ch grow out of the e of a cat's or a dog's face. fTcf  ^TT f M t ^ t i f ^ .

whistle

Something you blow to make a high sound, f f ^ .

(f^ra)

whale

(^0

A large animal which lives in the sea.

slfcT ®r| 37R5H

wig

Hair which you put on over your

(f tr)

own hair, -i<*>cnl «nel.

Tp^ft.

A kind of grain. Flour is made from wheat, ^ff.

92

sicJ

wigwam

(fofrr)

A kind of tent,

M

^t i

willow

A tree whi ch

(•fcTeft)

has

branches

which bend over. ^RT  "3FI "f e

windmill

witch

A woman who is supposed to be

(ft*?)

magic, ^ l ^ i w l .

J t I A machine which is worked by

wizard

A man who is supposed to be

the wind. TO w t .

(fer^)

magic.

window

A hole in the wall of a building,

(fcfel)

Glass covers the hole . Rsi-s^l

wolf 

A wild animal which looks like a dog.

wing (fcR)

The part of the body of birds and insects which moves. The wings are used for flying. "TO.

woodpecker

(f g^ O

worm

(^nf)

wishbone

(•ffcrefa)

A bone in the front of a chicken. ^ 3TFt ^ t ^ f t .

wren

m

fen.

A bird which uses its beak to make a hole in a tree.

A long thin animal with a soft body and no legs. f ^ T ; "^ftel.

A very small M^n.

w f cfTeft 93

yellow

(^rt)

A colour. Daffodils are yellow, ""TtcTT iTT.

0

yo-yo

A toy whi ch spins up and down

(ift—ift)

on a string.

^f

^T^

clTcTr f W h l .

x-ray (ttcpk-^)

A phot ogra ph whi ch show s what the inside of your body looks like, "mft % ^T "Q^RT-

Xftt.

xylophone

(vdijciUfrH)

A row of thin pieces of wood which make a sound when you hit them.
zebra (Titer)

A wild animal with black and white stripes. Zebras come from Africa, arsta

 AOO^

zi p (fvN)

yacht

A boat with sails. cfcT "^ref^ W f t zo o

(vsjj yak

Something which fastens two bits of material together. sfcfT "9T f ^ F f smcTT =FT ^qoh
An animal like an ox with long hair.

fcISRT ^T cT^ ^Teff ^TeTT

A place where wild animals are kept so that people can look at them. fafeW; "SFTt ^ W l c W ; w i t ^JH.

acting  

^ J H

(WO

Jf

baking  

^ TT

bouncing

^jeRT

(dM'RHl)

brushing

-p f 

^TT ^FTT

(cTWi)

balancing

^felcT  ^TTT

(tctf^T)

building  

-qcR ftrjfur

(Hjf^T)

batting

G^ M!

burning   STFT ^ T^ RT

blowing

^ 

TITRT

Carving

er^st "TT Tc^R t r

^HT

chopping ( * T )

^Ttlf^T; i

cleaning (cRfrf^hi) 

chasing

Tfter c r ^ /

climbing (creiisR'i)

^p^ /^Gfj*;

^

TT O^ T

CR^T

97

combing

crashing

(cptfinT)

(frfcm)

cooking

crossing (flftftpi)

counting

(eblviPe*!)

WTT ^FIT

98

cutting y

cpt z^n; ^RT

dancing

digging (ftflto)

^ cf^ ^ F T  tlf^L

^ j f ^RT

diving (^T^m)

drawing

dressing (tffrr)

drinking

ift^tfsRTT

%fiwipn

w m

driving (llff^T)

WT T - M U I 

ft

1

99

eating 

filming ^r-pci^ui (ftrf^FT)

^HT

filling (foftrc)

emptying

falling

^^ fj - ^

j f t  frRTTT

(T?frfeFT)

fighting (TPT^feri)

100

^  fsPTT

cRT ^FT

fis hing  q ^ f t

H^Hl

floating

Tjpft xpr ^

flying  (tcHI^'l)

z^fi

^ ^

^

^

galloping

^ i t f w ^ ^ ^ f e w

hitting

ho ei ng hanging

^

^rtfr ^

^ ^

^ t f^TT

^

T)

^R^pn

\i

helping (tfc^l)

^ i ^ n ^ n

hopping

i ^ i f t ^ ^

hugging (-#TT) 3HlRriJH ^TT,

hiding

f ^

f ^

101

icing

^ Ht ^ t w ^ n f c

 j u g g l i n g (vHMlcHJl)

d'lldk ironing (3tT?#Fr)

w, ^ f t 

s^'ll

^ ' I' « ^

cTSJT W ^ f ^ t f sR I

 ju mp in g itching

102

^

^

T N wffny

kicking

efRT 3

t ir ^ ^

t^n knitting

(f ti f al)

kissing

^T ^TFf

r3pR

(fc ftpr)

kneeling (^m)

^ff % ^ O o 0

o

°

o

kn oc ki ng (^finr)

<^dMi WW2RT

103

listening

laughing (OTTFFINT)

lying  ( c ^ O

lickin

g  (fcrffrn)

loading  

(cftf^tT)

104

m n ^ r "^t f^tT

W^T

^ ^ T

„

m e n d i n g  marching

^

^TT; ^

3 W 

TT^T^XT ^TTT

ftelFR

milking (PiIWi'i)

^f

measuring

Wn^TTTFRT mixing (ftftfR)

fwmz/( to

melting

\

pMMdHI moving

eft fg ^T

105

packing

^ ^

paddling (^TsfcFT)

^

picking

^ -Q^  

playing NlFT) painting 

( ^ N ^ T )

106

^ ^ /

ij]

ploughing  Piling OftfcFT)

cfrir^LgT ^ N R T

^ ^ ^ ^

T M ^RT

polishing (MiTeiRi'l)

praying (*pT)

^TTHT ^Tf ^FT^FTT

pumping posting (tffcrq)

Tpo}-^^

x^-xr fz^i if xj^ s ^ f i eft f ^ r

pu sh in g p ou ri ng

x^ ^ ^T

^

^ T zu q%eHT

w f

queuing (^ J ^ t )

"STfcTSTI cfR^ "p; i f e 3

^TT "qfw W1HI

'l07

3 ^ ^ ^

racing

c ^

(^ftrn)

WfT

rocking raining

^rf

^ n

^ f f ""R % STFt

Ml

r o l l in g ( ^ f t m ) 

»1 I t reading

x^j

\V

^ WTT

-q ^

( # 1 )

rowing ( ^ 1 )

rescuing  

p ^ T T c^ r t ^

3 ^p^

^ TT

&

sailing

^

^

(^Fl)

^ FHT

shaving

f^TTT)

sawing ( ^ FT ) i

3TRT

^

w^rr

scrubbing

(wfehrj)

shivering ( RmRji )

^ f  $ - sf M ^ t t ^Tf

wg^fjfl H T ^HI

_

sewing

(^PT)

'shooting

( ^ T ) 

t M  ^ I H T 'ZTTtWTT WIHT

109

s ho pp in g

m^ifl

skating fasfSr)

M

FZTT

H

((

sleeping

singing

Tjpcpr

JM E ll __ __

sl id ing (fefr^T)

sitting (fofibT)

^TFf "qi

f^T

^ flF^T

sm el lin g tofePl)

110

ftbUet}

if«f

^T ^FTT

smoking

OpflffrT) sweeping

o °

swimming (farfcn)  

snowing   ( ^ r i ) 

t n ^ t ;   ftorr

fenmd

spinning

(ftqpR) fT HT ^W J

swinging 

^ Fn /

(•Rsff^PT)  

jfyZ

stroking

Nlftni) T2TTC

111

touc hing 

^

f

threading (dftto)

•gf 3 WIT  fqf^n

throwing

^

to

ty ping

112

z ^ l ^TRT

^

winding walking

^

^ 

snfc  3 ^TMt WTRT

^pn

OflHfi)

wrapping

( W n ) 

T^ FM 3 R ^ T f**" V-^v^V

washing

(cfrftPT) o

writing (^fcri)

fRTsRT

amL watching

KTH^

(• EFFF^RL)

yawning ( ^ F T )

watering

"3®TRTt  #TT

(^fef^T) "qpft

zipping

weighing

"^FR "^TT ^ r oft iNk "SRI ^ ^FRT

^RT^T fsRT

113

/ 

COLOURS

 A zu re Black (e^fcp)

chiHi

Blue (ce^)

-Tldl

Brown (sii^h)

^

Dusky 

xylciTi

Grey(^t)

^

\

Orange 

^raft

Purple (^ntcT)

el'i-fl

R o s y ( ^ ) 

ijoneft

Red (^5)

^ ra

Saffron ( w h r )

i tm f^ n

Golden (^ iWh )

•yn^i

Scarlet ( ^ K ^ d )

Green (if R)

l^r

Violet (cim^d)

Lemon (eWR)

?ic«H tfldi

Vermilion  (ciffioH)

Maroon (i }*H)

^urt^

White  (c^i^e)

Mauve (•#?)

yd i^

Yellow  (^fat)

d id

DAYS, MONTHS AND SEASONS 1. DAYS

June(^)

Monday

July(^eii4)

Tuesday ( e ^ ^ )

j-hmcin

Wednesday (^-v)-^)

^stcn

 A u g u s t ( 3 f l W ) September  (ip& zR)

Thursday  (aref%) yjshciK

Saturday ("ftd^t)

tt Rrt r

Sunday ( t r ^ )

^ Tc tr

November  ( ^ P ^ r )

ftRF^ R w^rc

December   (f^^Hv) 3. SEASONS

2. MONTHS

 A u t u m n (affe^r)

vHHci^

Spring (fern)

February (%®R3fft) March (irr^)

ST^Rd

October  (sftcfetcR)

Friday (i b i ^ )

January 

^

Md^-d ew-iti

Summer   ( w )

ttt^

Rainy season (^ -r f l y H) «N«Hid

 April (3tRTc^)

Winter   (Rl-xi'i)

May("fl)

TIME Second  (^Rh-^) Minute  ( 1 ^ ) Hour(3TTcR)  Day(t) Dawn(^H) Morning (nTPi'i) Forenoon (^Ty-jn) Noon (^ T )  A fter -n o o n (sn w^ -^ i) Dusk(^-cb)  Evening (s^ Phi )

>

XIU5T vliNlchlcH, TJTTd ura: cian ^tf? ^rq?? TTEin TTFt

^

Night (Hi^d) Mid-night  Week  Fortnight (ihT^Hi^d) Month  (tfst) Quarter  ) Half year (fr o Year(^3R)  Decade (Rsi-d) Century ( ^ f l ) t fl Millennium  (R^Pwh)

Qi 4 )

WTCTft «hhi* q^cii^ i

ar^cri cpf ^crf (y id i«f l) cui

J /

s

ANIMALS AND THEIR BODY PARTS

 A n tel op e  (^
Kid  (firs) Titn

Kangaroo  ( ^ r s )

 Ape  (Tyq)

Lamb  (efa)

 A nt-eat er

Lion  (eTT*H)

Bear

frs

•Rii

Leopard  (ett^)

Bitch  (for)

Monkey  ("R^t)

Buffalo  («iWt)

Mouse  (Trravfr)

Bull  ( f a )

Mule  (^zjci)

Boar

Mare  (*T*rc)

Co w  (
^TRJ

Cat  (fcE)

fipff

Colt  (cbW)

Camel

vfe

Dog  ( ^ f t )

frn

Deer

•f^HJ]

Donkey

^mr

Elephant Ewe Fox  (^TERT)

dlni)

Musk-rat  ( i w - ^ )

P o r c u p i n e  (mo^Mi^n)

1J3R

Pony  (tfnft) Panther

^flcTI

Puppy  (^off)

ftc^TT

Rabbit

Frog  ( M l )

Rat  fte)

Giraffe  (fircro)

Ram (^ T )

Goat  (Tfts)

Stag ( I ^ T )

^iTSl

wi^fWi

Spaniel  ( ^ P i ^ d ) Sire

Hippopotamus

^cjefl

Pi g  ( f i r )

Rhinoceros

xfrsi

smfraR^r

(HH' J«I )

Ox  (affcRi)

Fawn  (tJjR)

Horse (^r tf)

^rfi

Mole  ("tfra)

Mongoose

Calf   ( w )

W

MvHHch ^Ffte

Sheep  (Vffq) Hare (%3R)

•is! >i h VI

Squirrel  (^rihci)

Hound  (Fra^s)

Rlcbl^
Swine  ( w ^ t )

Hind Hoof   (^p)

•garfr

Tail  (tor)

w

Hyena  (^isHi)

Tiger Wolf   (f?P)

Jackal ( ^ p m )

R-WK

Kitten  ( f t ^ )

fapfl cfcl cj-cc||

Yak   (^ra) Zebra  (TifcRT)

—

writer

f 

BIRDS , WORMS, INS ECT S, R E P T I L E S & THEIR BODY PARTS

Bat  (He) Beak(frcp) Cuckoo Cock(cPTcp) Cygnet  (fim^e) Crow(tPt) Chicken  (f*njR) Crane  (?»R) Duck  (^P) D o v e (^g) Drake  (^pp) Duckling ( ^ O H I ) Eagle ( t 7 ^ ) Eg g  (-^T) Feather   (T^T) Goose  (T|VH) Hen  (^r) Heron Hawk  ( # p ) Kite (
W K T&rfa cPtJTcT •yrf FH cPT ^WI

eftT® (^R) cTfRg-gFi crsn 3TSI

"cTTTcTT

Grasshopper   (UTO# R ) Hood  { f s ) Honey-bee  (Fft^t) Knaur(^i^j) Louse (cTFTfT) Leech  (#xj) LoCUSt  (dlcM-d) Lizard  (fcHvii) Mosquito  (wHctflel) Nit(ftc) Oyster   (afl^y-e^) Poison  ( W H O H ) Snail

W tfren

i?m tpfcTC

cr^r

S w a l l o w (TCTTCTI)

H6I-SI 'cfttOT

Sparrow  (^fct) Stork

f ^

Be e  (fl) Beetle  ( t o ) Bu g  («R) Butterfly  (cR^r t f ^ ) Body-lice Boa  («ften) Crocodile  (fptcpter^ci) Cobra  (^CRT) C o n c h  (cpfa) Crab  (%ej) Cricket  (fipifre) C o c o o n  (
Spider   ( w ^ s ? ) Shark  ( T T T £ ) Scorpion  ( ^ R f t s n ) Silk-worm Snake  (^
Vulture  (cioxR) Wing  (for) Weaver-bird  (%Rcpg) Wood-pecker



'J^ell

^iftcR 3KJR? cPTcTT 7TR

itnp^T

^7R "cm 
Weft •RcRff

fefT TJR TiJ^tRsfl

t

uffcp

ffrqcpcft

"#7 "ErfETT

"fcRJ tPT ^TfT

^TTT ^fep cpT cT5n
\

CRIES OF BIRDS, ANIMALS AND INSECTS  \ |cifei 

warble

Cock (c^icp)

yrf

crow sPt

^rra

low eft

Ape (Tjq)

ePJ*

gibber, Rh«r

Nightingale

Ass (^ft)

w

bray, t

(Hispid)

gr ow l, iJMd

Bear (%5R) Bee  (ft)

"R^RcRfr   hum, i r

Cow (Wv3)

Bird

TTlft

chirp,

Crow (sPt)

Bull (fci)

Tfrs

bellow, teft

Dog(^T R)

frn

bark

Camel (%rh)

grunt, Tfe

Dove (^f)

WW

coo ^

Cat

mew, ^

Duck Ostp)

cTOT

quack cj^

low, eft

Eagle (^Ref)

"Erra

scream ^a?fR

Jackal ("wTcpToi) 'Tk-s!

howl, £In4>
Elephant  

Fly (ifcHisO

R
buzz or hum, ens^friR

Parrot

tfRTT

talk dte

Fox (r?Tcrt)

eftR^t

yelp, ^tcR

Peacock (^^W)

tfrc

scream

Frog (TPtT)

iideb

croak, tfito

Pigeon

W^ TR

coo

Goose (^Jp?)

chd^

cackle, ^bcbcH

Pig (fir)

grunt

Goat  (ife)

elch^

bleat, ^te

Puppy (tptft)

yelp 3CR

Hawk ( ff e)

scream,

Serpent 

hiss

Hen (^ r)

cack le,

Cattle ( t o )

TRJ

tfrsr

neigh, 3

Owl (arre^O

^

hoot,

Ox (arfrrr)

tc!

low, bellow, cit, teft

Kitten (tto)

foeftdT

mew

bleat ^fe

Lamb (eta)

^RHI

Lark (etr^)

cTcTT "R^t sing fttR

Lion (cTRR)

•RT?

Mouse ("RFTH) w Monkey ("Reft)

roar tR squeak <5tcb gibber or chatter

trumpet ^f&re

(TJHJP^)

(W FTS )

Sheep (Vta)

Horse (^Rt)

^

caw

^

^

bleat

Snake

TRR

hiss f^e

Sparrow

mm

chirp or twitter ^ 7T f^cic;*

Squirrel (*SPW
I H*^

R 

squeak Cackle

Swan ("*3h) Tiger (dT^K)

?R

growl or roar yivici 'JIT

Vulture (
Pr^

scream "raStR

Wolf (p«p) 

item

howl fFJcl

YOUNG ONES OF ANIMALS foal  wtcf cub  cFk( kitten  foeR calf/heifer Cow(^rrg) R>tR Deer  (-feTR) •ft^m fawn 

Ass  ("^r) Bear ( tare) Cat )

Do g  ("str) Duck (Ifcp) Frog (p>hT) Goat(Tfm) FOX (TftcRT)

<11 Z>

puppy frn eM<£l duckling »tdch tadpole kid cflRit cub

•R^t ("ft^l) -dchfclR fcfrg cfKf

Goose (TJH)

chd^H 1

Hare  (%?) Hen  ( p i )

g o s l i n g 

Sheep

^fRrfchr

^ 

lamb

Swan ( WR ) 

c y g n e t 

R-ni-k

chicken  faefR.^gpn

Tiger  (d rfrR) ^tcTi

c u b 

cfR

Wolf  (f e^ )

irfom

cub

So w ( # )

t t t ct ^ s t c piglet 

leveret 

Horse (?Rf)

^ Wt

COlt

Lion (eTRH)

^R

cub 

mra?

epg

^ foTete

SOUNDS Beating of drum

cJlol eft
Blowing of bugle

fojcf eft 3)|c||vH

Booming of gun

dlM m d-ejeb eft JKvH

Chattering of teeth

^TRTt %  eMcfcs!^ eft

^cjijil ft

Knocking of a door

Pattering of rain or hail

MdMril^e

STRIuT

Rattling of wheels

itf^ f t 3ncTTMT

Clapping of hands

eUfcH'Ul eft M^'Ml^d

Reporting of  an  explosion

RlW^cleb

Crackling of fire-wood

debtee ^

eft

eft STRTTyf Ringing of bell

Clanging of arms

ffaniRt eft WRT ? 5

Rustling of leaves

Clanking of hooves

kfl^ cb   dlMl eft ^ N N

Splash of water

Cracking of a whip

efc!-S eft y n ^ i l f c ;

Creaking of shoes

vjjril eft tKH*l?ic:

Exploding of bomb

eft dHdHl^d eft

Stamping of feet

ehl eftdl^cH

Din of a crowd

cp

"q^cp^

ancriMf

Whistling of wind

dHl  eb   ft^ci eft

Thundering of lightning

RVJ)
efReT ^t

wrsr^s Flapping of wings

T

R3t eft l|»s!l|>.!!|*ci

Ticking of clock or watch

Hissing of steam

THT % lefRtf "treTR ^r

Tinkling of bell

^ ^ f t ^

Plehd^ eft atlcl .vH

Banging of a door

cJVcJI.^ ift

Jingling of coins

efi? (^chfScb cP^I

Rlsbf eft ^-KsH

DWELLING AND PLACES HOMES (A)  Persons

Homes

Convict  (cpPcick;)

3PRTSJt

prison  (fiJjiR)

King  (lefTr)

TTTHT

palace  ( ^ R i )

^Tcl, cPRFTR

Knight  ( ^ s )

mansion

TRcPlft ^cH (Yrai eft fct^l)

Lunatic  (efffep)

a s y l u m  (sRrrfcm)

MMIeKslHI

<118>

Monk ("Rep)

monastery  (4H*d?l)

RdclKfl

Officer  (affft RR)

bungalow  (ehrat)

cTRdT

Nun (^ R )

convent  ( w N t o )

"R3

Parson (RRfa)

parsonage

MMRai)' WT SRSTR

Peasant (^ FS )

cottage ( W ^ R )

Person ( R^ T)

(MK^ VJI)

"J?

house (^re^r)

^TfrR

Prisoner  (tPTiFR)

cellar)

Soldier (^ICTSR)

barrack

(B)   Creatures

Homes

Dog (^ ! R )

kennel (ctRd)

^rfTER, cjj^lldl

stable

3R?TRd, y ^^ l d

hole  (ltd)

t^fd

Horse  (#tf) Mouse

•sfngr

( TT T ^ H )

Spider   ( w ^ s ? )

web (era)

Pig  ( f t r )

st y( ^)

OX(VTCRT)

F

burrow  ( ^ r )

"JRR, "RTC

Lion  (eff?R)

den ("&R)

•ypi, Tffe

Owl (3R3Td)

tree hollow (^1

Wolf(fdP)

lair   (eR)

Hen (%R)

c o o p(^q)

PLACES (A) Games

Where played

Badminton, Tennis, Volley-ball

co ur ts

^•dfandH, tf^RT, "EIT^cfra Cricket

pitch ft^i

Gymnastics (RH*HR
gymnasium

Racing (^ F I )

track

Wrestling (•fcafePT)

arena arfFn

Boxing   («iif^i-iR)

ring # R

Foot-ball  (^ddid)

H?de)ld

field R?fds

Hockey (?Tc£[)

•ffeft

field RStes

Horse-race ( IR J

race-course

Swimming (R ^IPHR)

pool  TJeT

Judo

(TSJ^ T)

eT^r

vHIMI^

field  m a t i ^ W ^ s

•jrr, "RT? ^^gt^T, cFT WT?

A

(B)  Things

 A er o p l an e  ( ^ c R ) Fruit tree Grape  (Tfa) Motor-car   w?) Cloth (cfcffai) Grain  (ifa) Curios  ( ^ j f o i t o ) Passenger luggage at railway station Dead Body  ( ^ s ^ r f f l )

Where

WITH Wf cjST 3PJ? "Rt^ cPR cCTfl 3Rra ^PdT eft ftem -ER^ ^cfet TR ^ t tPT TTRR

a e r o d r o m e  ( ^ f ^ R ) orchard vineyard  (cii^Ani) garage wardrobe granary  ("ifaft) museum c l o a k r o o m  (cfdtcp^R)

3ffl WT 3PJ? vJSJR •ile^n-s} ctR^f ^Pl ^SJR ^PTt "Eft 3teRTfl 3RM *P5R

TR 7T?R

cemetery (•ftfad^ )

^ ftlR^R

(C)  Creatures

Where kept

Birds

cage  zo o (v^) menagerie (SMVHR ) nursery (^Rfft)

Birds and animals Wild or strong animals Kids  (fossr)

Tiafl ^an XHRCR XiR^IXHRcR

(D) Things

Picture  ( F T I R ) Play Film  ('frcq) Rubbish  (7ftf?r) Water for the supply of a town

cRi?R rMRlol "?T!R fcltj TTF?! f^RRTJl

(E)  Things

ftfercT RlRWI -er Ri ^ i id i

art gallery  ^PdT^tef theatre ( t a r ^ ) w r a, ^midi cinema-hall ("fcFtar i?Td) ftFmT IR filth depot  ("PfrceilM) water-works, water-reservoirs  (cJTS^ ^jRCTR) arsenal  (31k4h
^diyw

TOPTR tffyyiidi

Where made

xjft ^ft mra

•^RffcrRT ^Rcjtj

brewery  (^Jfff) kiln  (fo^T) mill ("PTCT) factory

Manufactured Goods

PmfRld cR^j

workshop

( CI & SM N )

 Artic les   (3TTfep^f)

cPT WTR

tannery  (t^rfr)

Leather goods

 \

3RR^t "7TRR "ER

Where kept

Weapons or Ammun ition  3R5I-7R3 ( ^ R "5T  Q^PlSMH) Young plants(?rn ^areri) Wares  (t^n) ftifft ^j^rra

Beer   («Starc) Brick (f?ra>) Flour

 \

stored



TRra ^ft CPT ^ ^rf^^ft ^ft t ct>K
Paper

mill  ( f t d )

WTyf

Bread  ($rs)

bakery  (tcpff)

Films

s t u d i o  ( ^ i i l )

Food Iron goods ( OT ^ R ^ T ^ ) Money  ("T^t)

vgraxRisJ, ifK^H efrt WT WRH £R, "gST

kitchen  ( f ^ R )

K
YThfER

s m i t h y  (ftqsft) mint  (fare)

rich^M

d o c k y a r d  ( ^ t o v r i )

Ships  (-ftTO)

Trgtfl uT^iuff ^ Cloth (-Efcffsj) Medicine ( A ^ IR H)

mill  (ftef) pharmacy  ( f i W )

afrafa

Purpose

(F) Place

Creche (tPrr) Primary/Nursery school

PTajt^cP "f^reiTera

(•mfRfl/^ft T^eT) Middle school

"fTTEJfftcP R^JMiJ

High School  ( F l ^ r ^ t ) College  (cblfdvH)

chK^HI

Day nursery for children when their parents are at work.  A s c h o o l w h er e you ng chil dren are taught . Where middle classes are taught.  A s c h o o l fo r s tu d ies upto Mat ric.  A n in stitutio n for s tu d ies in

H^lfasUlcHAI

higher education. University  (^flciRj^)

Highest institution for higher studies of all subjects.

Dispensary  ( f ^ r a f r )

3flW?RI

 A s m al l m ed ic al unit for tr eatm en t of patients.

Nursing Home (^Tf^T "^tr) Lodge  (cffrr)

Rl&oHMil iJlBwT cfitfcTRFl •CR d f ^ l cPT

Hostel/Boarding House (^RScT/cfrf^n fTvJTi)

WHNKH

Club (cRTO)

w t e HHIVVHH

Hospital specially for intensive care.  A plac e w h er e v is ito rs f ro m o u t stations stay. Where students stay during their studies or training period,

ht

A p l ac e o f v a r i o u s t y p e s o f r ec r ea ti o n s and amus ement s like dancin g, music playing etc.  A c lea red an d lev el led plac e w h er e ai rcraf t

 Airport  ( w ^ )

can take off and land. Bus stop  (^ra

6R? ^cfT^ cpj

Where buses stop to take and drop passengers.

Railway Station

Where trains stop to take and drop passengers.

X

<121>

X Primary School

fcraTeRJ

(MI^H^I Higher Secondary

\

SCHOOLS & COLLEGES XTEERR TTiarftcP

Middle School 

^ d ) TT]t3jftcP Rlilldil

College  ( c f t ^ )

H^ifct^llcHil

Student

(

)

"Prensfl

School (iTJR Tfcfr^sfl f ^ el ) "fcreiTera

Professor   (TfrtRR)

 Admission  (Q-dftsu)

Headmaster

TOHTEZJNcP

Library  ( d i ^ )

^-dchlcHiJ

Teacher  (-£RR)

3 M M , fllSRP

Lecturer

Tnran

Principal  (fMPra)

TJ£IMMl4

Office (affftRT)

cblilicHiJ

Playground  (T^rrm^) Competition  (c£)Pm[^h) UlrliflPldl

Sports  ( w ^ )

Discipline (R SR HR HH)

3FJ?TRR

Prospectus  (TRttra^)

•fctcRUJ J^Rdcbl

Expulsion (^cKHMcyn)

P)M>KHH

Promotion  (mt?R)

Mcflsllci, M'lfcl

 Atten dan ce

"^TRarflf

Degree

Distinction  (teRticren) Certificate

UHIUIMtI

Inspection

•Rrftsm

f§T«TT TFfM ^

Identity Card

SUBJECTS English  (sj'ifayi)

Physics (%fvTcRi)

Sanskrit (7 r< ft )

"*r
Home Science

Urdu 

,3$

(ifa TnlarRf)

Geography (xsrRnft)

^j^tTd

Economics(^Ffrf^fcRi)

3Taf97R5I

Political Science

Ti^nfrfc? 7TR5I

Mathematics  (%rirfoRr) Geometry

^st Tiftra

Science (Tn^JTRi)

ftsTH

Chemistry (ipfrf^)

w h ?tr5j

Sociology (^Mrsfteft^l)

w r a -fcnrn

Civics (-Rrftcra)

hmiR* ?iR5i

Psychology   ( a i ^ u M I )  HHlfosiH Commerce (cpT jr})

ciiftii^

Hindi ( t ^ t )

fM t

Philosophy  ( t ^ t w f t )

YTR^

 Agriculture (TJI SW^ R)

cpfttcfsTH

Botany  An at o my

?I?R

"fasTH

Horticulture (^lf5chi)

vrerH tcfen

Medical Science

RlRbcUl ftlTH

(^r^Pef

Punjabi  ( w r f t ) ^iro

Language ( O N R )

 Arithmet ic (arftajirfecp)

ahfnrtrto

Linguistic (faPciR-dcb)

 Algeb ra 

ftiffqfara

Palmistry  (^nft^t)

History (Hr ef t)

cH-wfa TTR^



"HT^TT

SPORTS & GAMES H o c k e y  (FRft)

^fcft cPT^f

Stick  ( t o )

?T*ft elfST

Goal Keeper  (^fra ^ft^R)

"Rtef

Spinner   (t^RR)

^ t ^ vJWIel^ cTTefT

Penalty Corner

Runs

f^re filler

Fourer   (WR?)

Ifh^he WT ^c t

Cricket  ( - R f ^ )

Wicket

Bowler  (" ^ R )

Wicket-keeper

Innings

Riff

Sixer 

TOT

(% C RR )

Catch

ffifft

L.B.W.  (Tle?.^.^^.)

faRbdf % 3fPt

Football  (^ddld)

?T9Jt

^oTT

cITefT

^fc m   ^el Base Ball («Rr w ) Tennis  (tf^Rf) Billiards  (f^rcnfef)

dMchHI 'stcpfl "rfer

%% ulT^ RTen

cRTH *rra)

^

Basket Ball (*iR%d «rieT)

Wl 3TT  wTRT Captain

cpj >i-yciicHi

(ftfcScfttR)

Stump  ( ^ q )

Volley Ball ( ^

ftfer

cRf   WToT 3?R ^fc cpl "^ef T?cf> PcPR cpj

Bully  ( ^ t )

?Tcft ^sTdURwr cJRRT

Short Corner  ( ^ ^fiTfr) Batsman  (t^fnto)

iT^ilXH

B a d m i n t o n  (tsflteR) Table Tennis

^ T TR 

cfT#

(tflTdtpRT) Polo (^fTefT)

"SM TR ^Ef^cfR

Croquet  (tft%s)

"dcP^T eft ^d T 

XHta cTTeTT ^teJ Shooting  (^f^ 7 !)

Golf   ( t o )

Rowing  ( ^ r f r )

S w i m m i n g   (M$rn)

^Fft

B o x i n g  (etfcN^i)

•gifeenrft

Wrestling  (^rrfern)

^^tcPT^g

Chess   (*Rr)

High Jump ( ft ^   wq) Tug of war  ('s r 3rfa> ^ r ) Race (^ T )

^fTcn ^cT

Horse racing  (fM^ftPT)

Bridge Carrom Board

3?R

cfm wi ^tcj Ura

 A t h l et i c s  (^af^fcra)

afR ^

Playing Card  (^TfR

cim CFT ^sld

Kabaddi L o n g J u m p  (cffa Ring Throw (t ^ i 2fl)

(123)

eFftf^

 ^sfd

EATABLES AND CEREALS Arrow-root  (^1*id) Biscuit  (RlR^d) Bran  (ith) Barley  («TRet) Break-fast (di*d) Buck-wheat ( t o it d) Beaten paddy ( i t d^ i i t ) Butter   (*[d?) Broth  (snar) Beef   (ito) Bread  (#g) Bacon  («|cjr) Comfit  O^fes) Coffee  (#rq?t) Cake (ct>cp) Corn-ear   (^Pii-'fjR) Cheese ( i t o ) Condensed Milk (He«t>) Castor seed Chapati  (^mit) Curry  (wft) Cluster bean  iR) Cream  (t£fa) Curd  (0 Field pea  ( i f e i t ) Fine flour  ( w i^ t i h i ^ ) Feast  (ift^d) Grain  (tFt) Gum acacia  (tth 3t^%?ji) Great millet  (id field) Gram  (um) Gruel  (Tjsra) Honey  ( f i t ) Ice-cream  (3TT^ra?ta) Ice  (3rr^fr) Jam  (vta) Kidney bean  (ffcsit iR) Lentil  ( ^ d e f )

4RI*>d •clW* vtf HISMI, chelc|| iffajl

>t>m, yilydi TRJ cf>T "TRJ WT TRT $H!Alit ciHI

piR

T

cfR

it ituH OTdT iteT "^Tcfcl 3RTvH ite TSJR ^tFTT <=; (OHAJ I

x!MHI TRJ?

L u n c h (era) Loaf(efa>)  Loaf sugar  (eTtw?jfR) Maize (i>3) Mutton hr  Milk (ftcsp) Mid-day meal ^ i t d) Millet  (lietd)  Meat  ( i t d )  Minced Meat (fi F*g itd ) Mustard  (TT^i) Oat (srld) Oryza sativa Oil (3folel) Pigeon pea  ( f i ^ H i t )  Pea  (it) Pulse (Pe*l) Puffed rice ( w t t ^ t ) Pickle ( t e c* ) Phaseolies mugo

 (^ )

^ro i? w t ^ f t t xnci^ ytir TO^

^^i^

to

^sj f^Tc mifc H "utfR  «TFJRT TTRI

^tar ^

 (sfrfen -hifedi) sth

Poppy ( i r f t ) Porridge ( i t f ^ r ) Pork (itcfj) Pearl Millet  (Pef tield) Rice ( ^ e ) Sugar (T^R) Sweets  Syrup (ftrcq) Supper  ( W ) Sago ( w i t ) Sauce ( w ) Sesame ("^Riit) Sugar candy ("9Jtr ^ 1 ) Semolina Soup (^35) Treacle ( ^ e f ) Tea (3t) Vinegar   ( f t ^ R ) Vegetables (if tr£*reyi) Wheat ( it d) Wine (cjT^f) Whey

(i)



^c l S RI R

^Tel "grg^r araR

TfTRT ^Rn ^J3RcFTTTR[ ^Tcid itit ft^ ^t^ TRT "QFTI *Hi«j«{Hi rretft 1cTcT liit ^ ?tR«n "J?,^ w Trfferai i f  trtc

ttit

SPICES Asafoetida

Galnut  (JiidHd)

3FT

Alum  ( w ? )

Hemp

WT

Aniseed  ("^Mns)

Hog plums  (WT Wfl)

3MdT

Linseed  (fcR # 3 )

3td#

Land caltrop

^

Arsenic  (3RfRnP)

"TrRg^T

Bamboo Camphor

cTRH

Liquorice ( I ^ R T ^ ) Aflatoon  (3W>di<£H)

Tra

Aloe  (Tf^) Alkali

Tf^RSR

Acid  (tyfrps)

3Fd

Barilla  ( - ^ m )

iTeSRSR

Bitumen ( R I^H)

RldlJTld

Borax  ( ' ^ F f f ) Belladona  (%cTT#RT)

-H^MII

 (tRra)

Mace  ("fRr)

vHTft^t

Myrobalan  (Hi^ddH)

(^)

Musk tr  p

cb*^

Menthol  ("tfafrd) Nutmeg  ("RS^n)

uTRPPd

Nigella  ( m d i )

cbciMl

Nux vomica  (^r^rt ^frftcm)

cpTdl

Oats  (sfcri)

Basil

Rlcblcbl^

Black Pepper   (seto ^^r)

^cR?!

Origanum  (aflfl^m)

Betel-nut  OSted^e)

^gmft

Pellitory  (Afteft)

3t3r3r1

Catechu

cfnSJT

Pepper root ( ^ r ^ e )

ft^Td TJd

Parsley  ( w ^ )

s^mtgr,

Cardamom  (crn^q) Carbonate of Soda

•^Rrrft, 3)vj)ciiiiH

O l e f i n  3TFP fffeT)

Poppy seed ('qTnft ^fns)

Cinnamon  (R HHH ' ) Coriander seed

Pistil  (ftfted) iiRrar

Rhubarb  (^TT^) Rock salt (^TcP

Cocaine  (cptcfH)

cblcftn

Cubeb  (cFjira) Cassia

 (%Rrar)

^vHMId

Camphor Chilli Cloves ("cFefRyT)

offa

Cumin seed (CKJTHH

^Rl

("Rrrtt)

•Rrto?it

Datura  ( ^ d ^ i ) Dry Ginger  

Sandal  ( ^ r a ) Sal-ammoniac ("*nd-3nTtRf3TTcf>)

Caraway  ($RTct)

Chirata

^TTcP

Salt

Soap-nut  (-rfimd)

?T31

Saffron

cfRR

Saltpetre  (Wc^te?)

?frl

Senna  ( # n ) Turmeric  (z^rf^p)

Fc^T

Tamarind  (£nR-si)

f^R)

Vinegar  (" R T^R)

Fenugreek seed

 ("tfr3)

ftR^PT

Yeast Ginger   ( t ^ R )

ar^cjj

Zedoary  (yKgterft)

STTWT Fc^t

/

FLOWERS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 1. FLOWERS Cobra flower  (cpteRT t j ^i f r ) Chrysanthemum  (f^faJrm) Creeper   (ffr^R) Daisy  ( ^ l ) Jasmine (^-h^h) Knop  ("RN) Lotus  (cft^T) Lily  (feRft) Marigold  (Afl'iW) Magnolia  (i^rfrrar) Motia  (Tfrf^nn) Narcissus  (HiRfmi) Oleander   (arffcnf^)

Guava  ("33MT) Gravia asiatica eRTI JJcH^K

c^ra

Lilac  (fefelcb)

"ft^I ^FTT TfrfrRiT

^nw^r TfcTra

Colocasia  (^CTWR WI) 'IcHId

Citron (R H^IH ) Coriander   ( c h l R ^ ) Carrot  ( W ) Charantis 

Betel-nut  ( f f ^ - ^ s )

"grrfl

Banana  

cfn^T

Beet root Black berry

THrg^

Chest-nut

ararcte

Cherry

(W R^ B)

Trfrm

Cashewnut

erf^rarr Tgcfft^ it^R

Melon  (^TeR)

^g^vn

Musk-melon  (TT^-'fc^)

^FR^T

Mosambi

)

Malta  ("TTcSi)

"TTeST

Mango

arm

Orange  (3ft^r)

t r r t , ^n^ft

Olive  (attfera) Pomegranate

(tMtT^)

3FFR, CI | F^-H

Plum  (^R) Pyrus malus 

Currant

Pear   (^fare) Pine apple

Siercr)

(mi^hQmo)

d^iliNI 3HHRT

Peach

Carambola

Fig  (far)

fin

Brinjal  (Hh3TcT)

C a u l i f l o w e r   (WC^ ITOTCR)

Berry  (itfl)

Date

Amaranthus  ("tTTTFsiTf)

Bean

eTT^TR iR

Coconut  (cblcblHri)

3. VEGETABLES

Bitter gourd  (Hre?"^)

Apricot  (^JlcbV)

Custard apple  ( ^ e i ^Tcf)

ftchl^H

Mulberry  ( H d ^ )

Apple  (^lof)

(CRHT)

dWie

Lichi  (cftft)

2. FRUITS

(OTTS)

Ground-nut  (Trras-'TC)

cluft

Touch-me-not  ("ew—^rre)

Almond 

Grape  (Tfa) Loquat

P a n d a n u s  (M^H>H)

Prickly pear  (filched ^TIR) Rose  ("^TH) Sunflower

TpTcrm

HlR^d

Pistachio

ffR^T

Papaya  (^mn)

^ftcTT

Raisin

/

Sour cherry (^rre #51)

^r fl ^rft

Sapodilla  ("Mfeen)

Lime

(^tt^t)

Sugarcane

wi

Lettuce  (cte^n)

S o l e ( # c l ) 

3TT^5R1

M u s h r o o m  (TT^TCT)

Water-melon  (^n^^TcH) R-iyi^i

Onion (STPRR)

Yam  ( ^ I M ) 

^TTO^

Potato  ( ^ M )

Cucumber   (^CF^?) )

^

^rare

anci ^

Pea  (ift) Red pumpkin  (^g

Gourd

Radish

Ginger   ("fefcrc)

Spinach ( R^ HM ) h^h

#cTTO>d WfcP yicHvHH

Turnip  (^Pfrq)

Jack-fruit ( ^ c p ^ )

che^d

Tamarind  (SnR-d)

Luffa (ejq>T)

ffemT^^ftft

Tomato  ( ^ r e f )

^Tcfl

PLANTS, T R E E S & TH EI R PARTS Acacia  (atchRniii) Bamboo  (tp^) Banyan  (erf^RR) Birch  (er^f) Cactus  (%-cfe^i) Cotton  ( w s r ) Chilli  (Unffl) Cypress  (^rr^to) Fir(TR) Oak (3fTcp) Palm  ( t t r ) Pine  ( t t ^ ) Polyalthia  (Mldiiifcerar) Shisham  (tftem) Sandal  (-H^ci) Teak  (Sm) Bark (cn3>) Branch  (wra) Bulb  (elc«j) Bud  (ire) Coir   (ebi^) Margosa  (hu'iVhi) Bo-Tree  (efr-#)

\

f^l

Pumpkin  (qwjRhH)

Chilli  (f%Rfi)

Garlic (^TTfcfe)

"

Mint

Water-nut (ciid>M
Cabbage

"

Lady's-finger  ( ^ t f?irrR)

sK'M

chMKH

eld, elcjd cTTS

yTiym
^Md

B l o s s o m  ( C H W H ) Fruit  (^e) Fibre  ( T P T ^ R ) Graft  ( M ) Gum  (jm) Groundnut  ( i i M ^ n e ) Juice  (V^H) Jute  ( v ^ ) Leaf(3to) Pollen grain  (^fr^R tR) Pollen tube ("qteR ^ r ) Pulp  (tr?q) Pistil  (ftffeci) Root  (^s) Root-stalk  (nz Sprout Stamen 

qJef cpeR TffPFcft Tft •TOT W T ^PT WI ^T

(T&TR)

Skin ( I^JR)

ffrc^PT

Stone ( ^ r  ) Seed Stem  ( ^ q ) Thorn  (afft) W o o d  ( f s )

cpfeT cms

<127)

—

/

PARTS OF THE BODY Abdomen  ( ^ T f R ) Arm Anus  (^TH) Artery  (sn^ft) Armpit (a tf tf k) Brain ( 3r) Bile (efT^et) Belly ( i r # ) Back-bone  Breast  Beard (fao^) Back (tcp) Bone  («fR) Blood ( Buttock  (^rsHfi) Cartilage Chest Embryo Face  (^RT) Fist Gullet  (Ti^e) Gum  (im) Hand  (t^s) Heart  (fl£) Heel  (fler) Hair Intestine  ( i ^ e r ^ r ) Index finger   (t^Ri ffiR?) Ja w  (Tiff) Joint  ("c^Rte) Knee Kidney  ( f W f t ) Lap Liver   (f^re) Little finger  (feTSc! fffnR) Collar-bone  (ctfeR Cheeks  (^torr) Chin  (fto) Dens Serotinous  Eye  (3rn?) Ear-drum ( t ^ ^ ? ) Eye-lid (an^fcns) Eye-lash  (3TTf^T) Ear  ( t ^ ) ElbOW (TJe^f) Eye-ball Eye brow  (an^ «ft)

w?

gff® f^TFT ftxT ^t e(w ft ) ^^[f ff ^( ^ f t ^ ) ^ f ite

(g^r eft)

"PFTef

•feci ^rra ^

Finger   (ftR?)  ?Taj ^ ^Igcft Foot (i fs) ^ Forehead (i^ktss) c^ne Phalange  ( ^ r a ) Pore (^frc) 7R Palm  (TJR) Pulse (trar) ^ Penis ( ^ r e ) fcm Ring-finger  ( t ^ r f ^ R ) aniftcbi tto Rib  (for) Shoulder  (s iW y) ^Ftn Soul OT RT SnOUt (Wlvid) S£JR Skull (-*EjieO ^rfl Stomach ( w w ) T f cr ft ^ Sole (#c7) ^Teicn Spleen  ( ^ t o ) Skin  (fcjR) Saliva (*MI$C||) ^T? Lip  (fcR) Lung (eR) tFv ^i Lock (effcp) cfTcff^cTg Muscle (TpRra) ggT, rk h^Ti Moustache  TJE Middle-finger  ("Prgcilq^R) ^ R i ^ i Mouth ttt st Neck (^fcp) tt^i Navel ^ Nose Nipple (f^PTef) ^np Nostril  ( H I R < H )  ^apn Nail (^ei) . ^t t^ t Palate ( M e ) CTT^ Temple  ( t ^ r a )  CFT^I Thigh Toe(et) Trachea (tf^rai) WF F^ t Throat  ifn Tooth (^aj) ^tcf Tongue ( ^ i ) T^R Thumb (a w) tf'jBT Trunk  (t) Vein (^R) ^r t Waist Whiskers  (fcRcjRf) Wrist (fore) ^k^

^

T

(^)

uH-dl THtf

"TTeT araH^g

chulqen wrcp R affa

X

TjcTcft

<128

 (arr^) 

wet

 (iRs) 

cptr

AILMENTS AND BODY CONDITIONS •R^rs

A b o r t i o n  ( ^ i s i n )

Gri pin g

Ag ue

G i d d i n e s s 

A c i d i t y  ( T j f a f e S O

H u n c h b a c k e d 

A s t h m a  (3TWTT)

Hu rt (^ )

A c n e 

H u n g e r  ( l ^ r c )

( t ^ )

(f t^ m)

H i c c u p  ( f ^ s r e )

A n a e m i a  ( T ^ r a i j

He rni a

^ cfPfT

( trt ^ frt )

Hoa rse nes s Hea da ch e

Bron chit is

"Efff

B e r i - B e r i  ( i l f f - t f t )

3TRT

H e p a t i t i s  ( ^ r f e T r ) Itch

B o i l  (wracT) B a l d  ('^Tog) Blind Bile B r e a t h  (star) B l e e d i n g  ( ^ T f ^ r )

TMT 3RJ! ftrl "tfRT cpT eT^TT

Co ug h

^frfcRITfsF? cfmiT

Cat arac t Con stip atio n

I n d i g e s t i o n  I t c h e s 

Ca nce r

C h o l e r a  (cbTVwi) Cons umpt ion Diarrhoea

UT)

(^toR 

D r o p s y  ( ^ t f f )

%vxTT sra arf^rrN uTcfRY

(

SH^SH) ^ R ^

In som nia I n f l u e n z a 

( ^ f ^ v n )

  (
^icn

L e u c o r r h o e a 

(f^chlRiii)

L a m e  ( e R ) L u n a c y  ( c ^ W f )

M u m p s  (^qwrrt)

WTd W

Mad Mole Malaria

D i a b e t e s  ( ^ R t t S t a )

Ob es it y

D u m b  ( ^ r ) D y s e n t e r y 

"^fTf cpj vJd-HI TJfTT

( ^i ^t )

AI I )

( ^ R 

(hIRhai)

O n e - e y e d  ( c R - 3 T T ^ § ) O t t o r r h o e a  ( a n ^ r f c m )

P h l e g m  ( ^ v R )

D e n g u e 

Pri ckl y

( ^ J j

E c z e m a  ( W r t a T )

^Mtff Wi frpff

He at

P a i n  ( ^ R )

^

P n e u m o n i a  ( f ¥ f r f ^ n n )

fWrfror

Paralysis Pyorrhoea

Fra ctu re Fainting

(M

R)

( ^ r  )

F i s t u l a  ( f ^ ^ c H i )

Flu(q^) G l a n d  ( ^ t e )

WR

P i l e s  ( m ^ c v i )

E p i t a x i s  ( " ^ f c R r o ) Epi lep sy

^t R^cHI ^ cf^n tPRT cPR WF^T

P i m p l e  (f^RTd)

D i p h t h e r i a  ( f e s s f r f c i n )

D e b i l i t y  ( t f a f M t )

WTePR cPTg

Me as le s

Nausea

(f^^ dl^v n)

^ 3?RI

J a u n d i c e  ( x S r f ^ T )

D a n d r u f f   ( t ^ F )

D i s l o c a t i o n 

TTeJT^^TT ftR cpl ^

( ^ m )

L e p r o s y  ( ^ i M f )

Chill

\

( ^ i ^ y n )

Inflammation

Lean

C o r y z a  (chlRvHi)

Fever

(s Md ^)

gnTSJ

A l b i n o  ( ^ f e R t )

Anorexia

3TRT

(^ mi ^R- m )

 (mi^R
-km

Ri ng

TrtR

S h o r t - s i g h t  ( t t t £ T n r f e )

cPT

Worm

S m a l l p o x  (ttfTef-'qRFfl) St oo l

ft^T/^ff

S p r a i n  ("RR)

<129)

y

Sun-stroke  (TR-^) Sun-stroke  Scabies   (^Mtvi) Scabies Stomach-ache

Ae Stone  ( ^ R ) Stone  Sore   ("#?) Sore Swelling   (>&|R HR) Swelling Sweat Typhus   (^T^R) Typhus Tumour   (e^R)

Tuberculosis

c^oRRT ^vHc^l ^

•qarff R#RT "spran^R

Tracoma ( ) Tonsil   (eiR-iet) Tonsil Typhoid   ( e r ^ n ^ ) Typhoid Ulcer   (3T?*R) Urine Vomit   (^fifte) Vomit Wound   (^g) Wound Yawning   (#fRR) Yawning

d^lftcb

^MtgRi WT5T "EJvRT

RELATIONS Aunt  (3TF5) Aunt  Adopted daughter Adopted-son  (x^^ifes'm) Adopted-son  Bride-groom   ( W T ^ - T J R ) Bride   (sfT^g) Bride Brother   (w^?) Client   (cMisjrf) Client Concubine   ( c h u ^ ^ H ) Concubine Customer   (cM-ei-R) Daughter   (^te?) Daughter-in-law

tft

Maternal uncle (*)e4o1 ofcP^l) ofcP^l) Maternal aunt ( ^ f c T 3T 3TT5) Mistress Mother   ("R^) Mother's sister ("R^rf ftree?) Mother-in-law (T^-IR-cft) Nephew   ( ^ p j j Nephew Niece   (^ra) Niece Own Patient   ( M e ) Patient Pupil   (^ftef) Pupil Preceptor  ( t M ^ ) Pleader   (^frsr) Relative   (fojfeg) Relative Step-son  (^r- t r ) Step-father   ( ^ q - R ^ ) Step-mother   (~>£q - r ^ ) Step-brother   (-^q-fRR) Step-sister   ( ^ - f t R e * ) Step-daughter   ( ^ q ^re? ^re?)) S o n tr) Sister   (ftrcsr?) Son-in-law Sister-in-law (•Rrfe^-^T-cTi) Teacher Uncle   (atcPei) Uncle Wife (cfTfTj>) Wife  (cfTfTj>)

 (atR)

Disciple  ( f e w r a ) Disciple  Father   (TPRY) Friend   (ft^) Friend Father-in-law

Mi ffcn

Grand-father   (TTfe-WR?) Grand-mother   (TTrg-TR?) Grand-son Guest   (%e) Guest Heir   (&JR) Husband Landlord Lover   (H^R) trt Mamma Maternal grand-father

^RT

vPfkR Mt 3FRT RR7

Maternal grand-mother

"RTfl

(^ )

\

•gsn, ^Ml,

^RTI

(

<130)

"RRT "RTRt

•R? •m

R^rti, Rrar TRT

YfTf

"f^RR

•clFR

MT

Weft, RP?I, "RR,

irrar Reft

y

cfq ^j^rsi

Shirting   (?TfSq) Shirting

Tiring-woman

Socks   (WcRT) Socks Tiring-room

Stays

Satin

TO

Stripped Mule

^rfw

Tape   (tq) Tape

q?RT

Towel   (zract) Towel

^rfeRT

Scarf   (wpfr) Shawl   (fira) Shawl Saree

("*tt?I?I)

Serge

"TfTuT TuT

Sheet   (tfte) Sheet

Tunic   (e^Pich) Tunic Thread   (^s) Thread

yTqi

Silk

Turban

q ^ , f nq n

Stockings (^I (^ I R MMI; M MI;

Uniform

Sleeve

Velvet   (ifc^s) Velvet

Shirt   (TT£) Shirt

Suiting   (^qfi*7!) Suiting

wi  q*n

H^sRd

Veil   ( t d ) Veil

ORNAMENTS AND JEWELS Anklet   (^cFcte) Anklet

qT^ra

Medal   ( t ^ i ) Medal

Armlet   (srrfcte) Armlet

eUvjJe)^

Necklace   (^cRT) Necklace

Bracelet

civqq

Nose-ring   (%jrfrq) Nose-ring

Belt

Nose pin ( i f a ftq ftq)

Bangle

Opal   (3Ttqd) Opal

TfFft 3 cRFl

Brooch   (^q) Brooch

ydvHRsid "PR Cat's eye  eye  Chain 

3n|)

(* R )

Tlc t^t eft

Pearl   (q^) Pearl Pebble   (x^d) Pebble

family

Ruby   ( ^ t ) Ruby

TTfura

Sapphire   ( w r r ) Sapphire

Coral   (cj^Rcf) Coral

(itrpts)

•iich chi chid, cfR

Ring   (#n) Ring

Clip   (f!>dq) Clip Diamond

dHJll

fm

Ear Ring

crrc^t

Emerald

q^n

Gold   (TjtcS) Gold

^fRT

Silver Stud   (^es) Stud

ch^vH cbl driH

Tiara (-fe3TRT) Tiara  (-fe3TRT) Topaz   (cTfqfijf) Topaz

Girdle   (^ri^) Girdle

Turquoise   ( d ^ i ^ ) Turquoise

ftwlvHI

Head Locket  Locket   (tz

Wreath   (%>?) Wreath

TTen cfrsi

Jewellery

uMljNId

Wristlet   (fcRnte) Wristlet

Locket   ( o f r ^ ) Locket

ddcJH

Zircon   ( ( N ^ H ) Zircon

CLOTHES AND WEARING APPAREL Alpaca   (3)
^

ip - ^ f -ft -ft ^ T ZR^T

Banian (CIPKJH)

dfHillH

Garters (^rr^rf) (^rr^rf )

ftfiro

Gloves O'ef O'efM) M)

ew^

Belt   ( M ) Belt

Gauze ( w )

Blanket   (vfoz) Blanket

Gown  ( ^ T R R ) 

^T RT

Hatt (%e) Ha (%e)

eta et a

Handkerchief  

^Rra

Half Pant  Pant 

wfom

H e m (I N)

iRvS iRvStt

Bodice

3TPRT

Border   (#£?)

RhHKI

Brocade   (irt%^) Brocade

RhR-aicj

Broad Cloth  Cloth  (sfrgMraj)

eRR

Brassiere   (irxAzr?) Brassiere Breeches   (tftftjsr) Breeches

MlilvHIHI

Brace   ( M ) Brace

ftf^RT

Button   (em) Button

eRR

Jacket   (T^Pe) Jacket Jersey   Jersey

^Rff

Jamper  ( W R )

T^RR

Calico   (fcftraft) Calico

Knicker   (ftcfR)

Cashmira   (cpnfRr) Cashmira

Lace   (eRi) Lace

Chester   Osfte?)

eRfl cpte

Laces   (effttui) Laces

Cap(M)

ewl

Lappet (etf (e tf e)

Canvas

ftRftxf

Light colour  ( H i ^ e ^ e R )

Chintz

tfte

Loin Cloth  Cloth  (Hf (HffR fR ^ a r )

Clothes   (cFefr^a) Clothes

Lining (HisjPm) (HisjPm)

Coat   (
CPR

Crepe   (ilR) Crepe

ciiylct) chqgl

Linsey Woolsey (toRT^-gcnSt)

Cushion Chemise   (Trftei) Chemise Cloth   ( M m ) Cloth

^tst

Cloak   (MTcP) Cloak

*fRT

Collar   (^PTeR)

WeR

Deep colour   (^fa
XflR^TPft TT

Drill   (1M) Drill Flannel

(lkhi^h)

Frock   (wfcp) Frock

\

Loop (cJT (cJT))

ftraR ftraR f ^ t r

3r?r ^ r i t ^ ^ tp^i

Long Cloth (cTR

^

Mattress ( ^ h )

^

Muslin (TRf (T Rffc fcR) R)

HcHHd

Mat Muffler   (WcT?)

Darn   ("SFf) Darn Damask  ( ^ P R R )

^nc¥l

i^cHlcftH

Neck-tie (-Wei iO

eTi

Napkin ( ^ t a f t n )

3r"TC5t

Oil Cloth (atfcra (atfcr a c ^ m )

^fRXHRT

Overcoat (a r ta wl e)

epsj^Pte

Petticoat   (^Sfcpte) Petticoat

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Bag Pipe ( t q w O Banjo (t ^f i) Bell  ( t d ) Bugle (ejjttcT) Cymbal  (Rhhh) Clarion  (c^Rah) Clarinet' Drumet Drum  (^q) Flute  ( q ^ ) Guitar   (fq^R) Gong  (Tffq)

Gourd flute qcp) Harp  Harmonium (itRqtfroq) Jew's harp (-^5TfTtf) Piano ("fqarpfT) Sarod  Tabor   (teR) Tambourine  ( t ^ f R i ^ ) Tom Tom (^rq^q) Violin (cfRf^R) Lute  (ejp) Whistle

tfcfi R'Jd

yijHI^ did, H'll-sSI elT-y^l RMK WT

fR ^Fi wrtft^q ^ ft f^Fft TRte

^tcnp ^Twt, "ifcTT

"R rtr

HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES Almirah  (QdffcKi) Ash  ("^97) Attache Case Axe  (^RT) Ash-tray t) Basket (kb<±) Bedsheet  (irsVik) Blanket  (^ffr?) Bowl  (erre^) Bobbin  (cnftR) Brush  (sRT) Bucket  (qfo^) Balance  (teTRi) Bed  (*g) Bed-stead  (irg-^feg)

s^mrfl

R-wi^ci eft "TO w l cf>T qra

3R5T efTc^l

B o x  (WRRT)

Bolster   (ciid*^) Bottle  (^fen) Broom  (^q) Button  ( c j ^ ) Candle  (%fcgci) Carpet  ( C F R ^ ) Cauldron  (
^TteJ dRhill cfRToT, VlWf cTS^T Tfrn^i

Chimney Comb  (^ftq) Curtain Casket  (cwR{ "f^ra)

(133)

ftq^ cfTETI Ri'lKtJIH yiHicjiH ^TRR

WFJH, 3TF5

TOf "Rcmfl MliJclM

TOT cpfcTT

3TTcT  eft

eft 3idqT$

/

Frying Pan  ( T P T | R ^ R ) Flower-vase  ( W R ^ ) Fuel  (R^cf) Grate  (te) Hubble Rubble (fRel-TRet) Hammer Hand-pump  (|rg-RR) Iron plate  (3TR7R^te) Iron  (3TR7R) IC e - b OX   

effcRl)

Jar   (vHR) Jug  (wr) Key  Oft) Knife  (RiftP) Kettle  ( t o ) Kerosene Oil (MrftR sfcra) Ladle  (#Scf) Lock  (cftcp) Lamp  (cRr) Lid  (fere) Looking Glass (ejRb'l TefRT) Mat  (M) Mallet  ( M e ) Mortar Match box  ( T ^ R T T O ) Mattress Mackintosh  (SlfWlvi) Mirror   (f*R?) Newspaper   ( ^ r t m ) Needle  ( t e ? ) Nut-cracker   (Re M r ) Oil  (sftoH) Paper   (M?) Pastry Roller   YteR) Palanquin Picture  ("teR) Pan  ( * i )

V

fiR

w faM RRf wr M^GP^RR  RTJRT

"ftftRRM

eR} VMr, arrtRT wer^ ^cf, aft^ft •f^TRTcTTf f%f«RT MraRl VMl TRTETR "cp5f

¥

MRT M RRRvR Mr MMcfl
Pastry Board Pestle ( M h ) Phial  (tpRef) Pitcher   (fRSR) Pillow  (IMl) Pillow Case  (1Mt Mr) Plate  (^re) Pen  (M) Pincers  (fMtf) Pot  (RTe) Probe  (Mi) Quilt  (ft^e) Rope  (^tR) Sack  (tR>) Screw Driver  ( ^ ^ i ^ R ) Shovel  (?Tcra) Soap  ( # r ) Sauce-pan  ( # # R ) Swing  (foR) Saucer   ("WRR) Spitoon  (foreR) Stool  (^el) Scissors Sieve  (#R) Sickle  (ftRPef) Soap-case  ( # r M i ) Safe Stove (';feta) Spade Stick  ( t o ) Spoon  (T^T) Thimble Tooth Brush Tray  ( t ) Tap (%R) Table  ( t ^ ) Tongs  (eKi) Tooth-Powder  Tumbler   (eRcR) Wire  ( w ) Wick  ( f M )

  (


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TfMr, efr^r •ETST

tMi^p W l

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M "TTcRl

Ml, Mt MRRT Mrt TTTfR

tftcpcJM f?TRT|

ci^ TRfR^nft fMrfl ^ WS1 T^fl

^Rff  RR f?T ajTcft ReT M fERer ^rTRyR Wff cTR

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MINERALS ^TRT irfiun csrar ftraKSta •Rr^j? cjf^rar

 A n t i m o n y  A r s e n i c  ( s r t f t e ) B r o n z e  (sfFyT) B i t u m e n  ( f % T R ) Ci nnab ar Co ppe r

Sul phat e

L e a d 

M a r b l e  ( ^ n ^ d ) Mercury

xfRT

M i c a  ("TT^cpT)

31TO

Musc ov ite M i n e  O r t ^ t ) Nat r on

( W R I T E S )

OT^I 357 ^RTcTT cFM •qRST?
C h a r c o a l ( W R  ^ r a ) C o p p e r  ( c f t x R ) Co al

F l i n t  ( f t x f e ) F u l l e r ' s e a r t h 

3ral)

t i n  (T t f s q )

G r e y C o p p e r (T t

flu^l- islK

O r p i m e n t 

(s nf ^)

P l a s t i c c l a y   ( Mi R - e c j , g ^ r ) ROCk

O i l  ( T R P

SfRJd)

R e d o c h r e  ( ^ s

C o r n e l i a n  ( c p t i f e R H )

Gr ey

(trs)

w r )

S i l v e r 

K er os en e

tqfr cPI^f

o il

 ylrv

WRl

( f ^R )

Iridic!

S t e e l  ( ^ t a ) S u l p h u r 

eftfl

CTTFT

^Ro

S t e a t i t e  ( ^ t e r ^ e )

G o l d  (TfTeS)

I r o n  ( 3 n w ! )

tlsClfcHil^HI

S h a l e  ( ? T d )

WTO TOR ^eldl^ foft YFT1 ^Yf crNT

I r o n o r e  ( 3 t r r ^ 3 t R )

sr faR)

iflcH 

(^JRHTH arwcT)

( w j r )

T i n  ( f t * )

TFTI

T o u c h- s t o n e

cIRM

 V e r m i l i o n  ( c r P t s r )

RH^

 W h i t e - l e a d 

"M^cJI

{wtz^s)

 Y e l l o w O c h r e  ( t e f r s t f e R )

PLACES, BUILDINGS AND THEIR PARTS 1. B UIL DIN G S  A v i a r y 

Inn

(T^R RT^)

B a r r a c k    ( t r o ) Bo ok ing

o f f i c e  ( f f ^ T

affftRi)

B u i l d i n g    ( f ^f c ^ T ) Bungalow 

(CFIHI)

C h u r c h  ( r t f )

(i* t)

I c e - f a c t o r y    ( a n ^ n

Ixji^RT

L a b o r a t o r y   

YWFRTIdT

Lunatic

( ^ e f l )

as y lum

•m q

(c^fcrcR-amifcm)

TOI

L i b r a r y  (HTf tfi)

•fTR^TI ^R

M a g a z i n e  ( ^ i . J f t H )

C l o i s t e r  ( c f c n w > 0

Mos que

STfanfl'

M u s e u m 

C o l l e g e (CPT^TOT)

H^lRlsUlelAJ

O r p h a n a g e  ( a f r f c ^ H )

F a c t o r y    ( % E f e f f )

cpR^RT

Oct ro i

F o r t  ( n & i )

"f^dT

O f f i c e  ( a f f f t R T )

Co tt ag e

G y m n a s i u m 

)

(tuF RS nm)

H o s p i t a l  ( ^I R - M d d ) House

-j-in^Mii

(^fv Rm)

pos t

w

P a l a c e  (tTeRT)

SRCRTTcl

P i c t u r e h o u s e  P o s t o f f i c e 

 jg35)

( f t i R ^ n ) 3fff^e)

"STcpER

X

 (?af)

School  ( ^ r )

1MTCW

Hearth

apMf

Slaughter-house  (Mte^ fra^i)

RRR^TRT

Kitchen (1 M h )

Mrf^R

Lattice  (^fM)

M t

Temple  (tRcf)

r 

fMIMiera

University

Lime (" M )

^TT

Urinal (^R HCH)

Latrine  ( ^ M )

eft

Zoo  (j*)

Niche

2.  THEIR PARTS

Platform

Attic  (^fM)

R)

^cRT

Plinth

Mrfr

Peg  (M)

Arch  (3rrEf) Beam  (Mi)

STTcTf

 (fMer)

sreifr

Ante Chamber ( M M

 (fM)

^P

Plaster

tRR

Bathroom  (RiaRR) Bar (RR)

WS

Bracket  (tIM)

RMRTI

Courtyard  (RMtrri)

3TFR

)

RcR?R

Portico (MllSch))

cR^Ml

Peep-hole  (MM=0

M RRI

Room  (wr)

?I?M

Rafter (%Re?)

T

Railing ("M* )

Corbel (<*>lM)

Roof   ( w )

Cement  (Mfc)

Mfc

Cornice  ( M M )

MR RR  ^TTvH

Chimney (fMf t)

SJ3RcF?T

Door  ( M )

ci^clMI

Door-frame ("M

Mae

Drain  (M)

^Mt

Dais (^sum)

w

wr

Sitting room

(%feR wr)

tep

Mtr

Steeple Shed  (MO Store-room  (?M Stair  ( M j r ) Storey  (?Mr)

Door-sill  ( M 1 M )

Threshold  ( s ^ M s )

^cftvH

Dome  (Mr)

Tile  (er?ci)

•QRM

Floor (MR)

tM

Foundation  (ifcivUsn)

Mr

r 

Terrace ( M )

M^ f^ r

Underground cell

cf^WRT

Fountain  ( w ^ i )

(sre^rrMs M )

Granary  (Mff)

Ventilator  ( M t c M )

Mtr^TR

Verandah  (M^sr)

RTpfRTf

Window  (fM£)

Rsl^cft

Gutter ("Re?)

M^HIcHI

Gallery  ( M f t )

MTRRT

X

<136)

/

X

\

STATIONERY

 Almirah  (^crf^Ri)

3TeRT?!

Ink-pot  ( t ^ - q f t )

Blank-paper   (*3icp ^m)

Ink-pad  ( t ^ Ledger   (cW?)

-H^dl

Blotting-paper xltre)

Magazine (#q>#R)

Map (%q)

Ira

Bench

qftcm

Bodkin

Nib(ft^)

C o r k  ("EPT£)

Paper

Card  (gn^)

Packing-paper  (^tf^q-^tq?)

Copying pencil

Pen  (^R)

^PcR

(wftrfn

Paper-cutter   (^m

cbMlvH

Call-bell (cpra  t d )

Pin  (ft*)

3TTc7ft*

Pin-cushion  (ft*
STlcfftq cRft ^

XRcFR

Compass Clip (fcfOT)

Punch  (xra)

Crayon  (tP^R)

Pencil (xfRrd)

^ r  )

Carbon-paper 

)

Counterfoil  (cbivi>e>< Drawing-pin  

ft*)

Divider   ( f t g r ? ^ )

cPRvH

cPY^ eft ThSRft

Paper-weight

iprq^^rra

3TTS?r  T ^ k , ^JTTsn

Protractor   ( t f f c f ^ )

^rr^T

^ifqft*

Ruler

^ficR

qcpR

Receipt book  (fttfte <^P)

^PRuT

Dictionary

Register ^ftcp q?t

Rubber-stamp ( w * ^ q )

"^^ftftlR

Eraser   (?^R)

TcTS

Slate

fete

Easy-chair

3TRR gRft

Seal  (#cf)

Daily-paper  

Aq?)

Exercise-book

Tracing Cloth ( t ^ R ^ f m ) ft^t^pq^i

(WROT^f^)

T a p e (tq)

xftrTT

File  (wfei)

Tag  (tq)

cftcHcJK ^tf t

Glue

Tracing paper

3TTO cpRvH

Gum  (*q)

Writing Pad  ( ^ f t q ^ )

Holder

Waste-paper-basket

Ink  ( f ^ )

^nfr

(•ER5 xPR cl^fche)

<137>

eft qfi Ttr   eft^fepff

/

\

T O O L S

( )

Axe Mh

 jfc-Sli), M l

Needle point

Awl  (AM)

tjan

(Mei

Auger  ( M R )

"ERRT

Oar 

 (M)

Axis (^HHNH) Anvil 

Oil-mill  ( M r a l M )

(M F M)

Anchor  

(M fR )

1MTt

Pruning shear

cM

(TJpFT fM?)

Balance  ( M n ) Bar-share (RR

^ T , MdclK

Plough share M

R)

Bellows  (MLYI)

qMf

(•^cire; Mr)

sjfMl

Plumb line ( w eTT^r)

Bead plane ( M M r ) Bagging hook  ( M r r ^ ) Blow-pipe  ( M M * 0

Compass

Razor   (M?)

cj^i-cTl

"^RRT

Rebate Plane  ( f t M M r )

Rasp(trt) eft Pi All, fy

Mn, M l Mi

Rudder   (^5?) Smoothing plane

Mister

Sickle  (fMci)

^l-vTl

Scissors (R H.VJKI)

Mt

Colter   ( M e ? ) Cleat 

(M TE )

Chisel

Ml

Drill  ( f M ) Dibble  (fMra)

?TTcf

File Fast  ( w e )

iMtRRTCTf

Gauge 

T fM Cpl TR

Hammer   (t*R)

^ETeM eft M l

Mortar   ( M ? ) Mallet  ( M O

 \

Mr Mi ^s

rtMII

RRI

Syringe  ("RrfM)

MraM

Saw  (-tfi)

aM

Spade  (Ms)

^RTeT, TpicTfl, MRT

(M

M

M

Try square ("5T? ?M3R)

^gfMi

Tooling plane  

Mi

^RR t  elMt eft Mt Wcl

R)

eft M l

Trying plane (^ifR M l )

(M I)

Lancet  ( # M )

Stock and dies

Spanner 

Lever   (
M

Screw  (?*£)

Jack-plane  ( " M M r ) Loom  (ep)

Screw-driver   ( ^ ^ i f g ? )

^5TZRT)

faMl, f a M

Hand saw ( M # )

M^I RTcTI

Sugar mill (Y^RIM)

Fishing rod  ( f q M r M )

( M )

W

Plough

Cone  ( M i ) Clamp ( M R )

ePT

(M^Mt)

M

Trowel  (era^O

rMI

Vice  (rti??)

M , fyIcHvH!

O

<138) y

WARFARE Army  (srpff)

^Ri

Combatants

Armaments  (3rmf#CTr)

Demolization

Ammunition

(•^HI HI^H

)

C )

(i^Pujh)

Atom bomb  (^eq •#})

(

SFjqq

^qq

Defence Ministry

Aggression  (art?H)

(f^fRT ftPi*-^)

Auxiliary force

Destroyer Defence Service

^en qpfaifl

Expedition ( W T M ? R )

arfqqR, q^aTR

Atomic Warfare (SRTfiRP Armour   (armre)

cf^ra

Enemy  ( ^ n f l ) u

Attack  (aftcp)

3HfhH l

Explosive-Bomb

£RT% ^r q ^  "^iTen qq

Fortification

ftcfR^t

Field Marshal

^RT qq qtIR arftqqft

Anti-aircraft gun WfPTTC^H)

cll^H

Battle field

cfrq

Battle-ship  (t^ef %q)

(qStegqrcfa)

Bombardment WT MT

(eN^I^'d) Blockade  (^cfrct^s) Belligerent Nation (^lel'KC

cR aTTtPRTTT HlcbN-41 eTS^ cfTcTT

Gas-mask Gun-powder ( t r   qra^?) qR^ Mutiny  ( ^ f t ^ t )

Blood shed  (^ns frs)

iteci faTr?

Machine-gun  (qyTH'H)

Bomb  ("#?)

qq

Brute force 

^Mf

Bullet  (fete)

qTc^i cfrq Navy  ( ^ f ) Operation

Cartridge  (cbw^) Cavalry  (%qef?[)

tj-sw-wu   itfi

Cannon-ball

^Ttq cPT^tefT

(siTm^m)

Prisoners-of-War

^

"qfcl

^pfq^t

(fitvR^-ami-ifR) Provisions  (TftfeRH)

qtviR WT?fr

Recruitment  ( R s ^ ' d )

Campaign  ( ^ R ) Commander-in-chief Conscription

Guerilla  (^f^T)

Land-force  (3rs-q>Rf)

Battle  ( ^ c f )

q^ntf)

cTglf cqgqR

Fighter

^HNfcl

Seize  ( # 3 )

•ERT

Strategy  ( ^ e ^ )

fifqfora

Submarine  (fiqqfR)

MH^-^I

Troops  (^RI)

"^RT

Civil-war   (fafc^qR)

Treaty

Cannon  (%qq)

Torpedo boat

Cease-fire (^flra w r )

(zT^t cte)

 \ fcRR

<139) y

IN THE HOSPITAL Hospital  (^iR^dd) Clinic  (f^Pich) Doctor   (Me?) Nurse  ( M )

Bandage  ( t f M )

fMMmera Ul^^d oMlTcTO RjRboHcb

f§iM?)

R M 

Children Ward Bleeding  ( M f M ) Medicines  (AteR-m-i) Pill

Wheel Chair  

RJRT

MrfSr Mf t

Blood Pressure

?RTTRTR

Urine Test

TJR Msr n (RTRRVJU^?)

Patient Ward  ( M r c M )

Injection (MR?TR) Mixture (M ?TR?) Temperature (£MR?) Stool Test  t?e) Sputum Test  (?*?jeR t?e) Ambulance  ( M g M ) Dose ( M F ) Thermometer   ( M f M ? ) Injured Syrup ( M R ) Syringe  (falM)

Physician

([^R HR WH)

Specialist  (?MfMe)

(

)

Anaesthesia MtcMrt Anaesthetize  (arMsreTM)

 \

M w

iftRR^eWRF

Dispensary  ( f M r M l )

eRraiRI, MT tTeTR

Maternity Home

v5T5R "ER

M Mft M TJR> uFT? ?f ^ M f  

TRR? ?ainwRd

RM^tMt

RRR*ST

Plaster   (w*e?)

RH?d?

Surgery  (?rM^)

Mrr?

Surgeon  (?M?)

MR^S M RTcR 1Mh?TR)

crm Mr

Ophthalmic (3R RM*TR*)

3TR fRSPR

X-ray  ( W K * )

dlMRH

3TR3

O.P.D.  (art 

RcTRR M«R

Unconscious

M f   RT?R

(3TRMTTI?I) Antibiotic  ( M M ^ t f M ) Stethoscope

M M )

 (?£MMr)

RRRTRR5 Mci fMra eRT RlRboHI^MftRM

Capsule (MRJ?T)

faRFT

^ TTRR? eft ?f?R 1MR

W

e#[RRM«T
MRTR Mrtht

HrfMFfR)

Fracture ( M r  ? )

ri# MnMi

Anaesthetist  (M?afrMe)

MTTR

RR MM Mspi

Stretcher   (?M?)

^ M ^ t M  RToTF Mfl R>«1

ftMf  

MPFI

E.C.G.  ( ^ . M M )

Cotton  (R5feR)

Emergency Ward (fR?Mt M ) Ladies Ward  ( ^ M r M ) Dead Body, Corpse

Orthopaedic  (anstf^fM)

Rfltff RTcft

(•rMMI M )

Blood Test  ("Serstre) Compounder  

M?)

RR R>!H

eM

R? RMt

Bottle (MCT)

?tfMf Rft w RR^T RTcft RR>
Operation Theatre

RM

RT?J Mliil' RR MRR cftdlUj M k 

^n

eft yrsRR ^gR^

^trM ST?T UMT MRI vM RTen M

eM ?M RR • M l £IRR>

Postmortem Room

7IR

RR RvR?l

Analeptic  (^MfM?) Disease  ( f e M i )

M M % RTR  dlchd

ftrfMfTR) •GA

RRRT


Mnfr

PROFESSION AND OCCUPATIONS RRcfi Contractor   (R>Mie?) £Mr

 Ac t or   (^fe?)  A d v o c at e  (i?MrM)  Ag r ic u ltu r is t

 A rtis t  (anMe)  A s t ro l o g er  (SRMM?)  A u c t i o n ee r   ( a f i M M ? )  A c c o u n t an t  (areMee)  A u t h o r  ( M r )  A u d it o r   ( M M ? )

(3 M

 A rti s an tt r)  A g en t  ( M e ) Blacksmith (CCWR -HSJ) Baker   ( M ? )

Cook  (cpfi)

Mta cfRc£

Clerk  (Mcp) Constable  ( M £ f M )

Mrpr

Chauffeur  ( M P?) Carpentry  ( w M e f t )

eR3cP fMraRft M-sdiclH CJTEFT

fMWR

Coachman  

( M M F )

Bookman (^ J MT)

•fMra

Cobbler   ( M r a ? )

MFT

ePHFH

Computer Operator

"RMT?

WRT ^erra M

MM

rt

fMcTT M M r % ^rra M ^ M c&!?STR

tr 

Betel-seller  ( M ^ M R ) MI Beauty Parlour   (egSnflM Brazier  ( M r ? ) M i Confectioner  rr M?r?) Chemist ( M R S ) 3TMl

^TR Ml R5T ?«TR

(

M ^ l cfTen

W

(lERTCCp? 3 lMe?) Carpenter  cprM Cashier   (%fM?) Cleaner   ( M M ) Carder  ( r M ? ) Coolie Doctor  ( M R ? ) Draughtsman (^I^H^H) Darner   ( M ? ) Dentist  ( ^ i M ) Dramatist  ( ^ R i M e ) Draper   (M?) Dancer  ( ^ r r  ) Dyer   ( ^ r ? ) Druggist  U R i w ) Driver   ( ^ R ? ) Drummer  ( ^ r  ) Enameller  (M^ CR ) Editor   ( M e ? ) Examiner   ( t ^ t M r ? ) "Engineer   ( M r f M ? ) Fisherman (1Mr^R) Farmer   ( w h )

(

 cfT^n

T

MM

MrfETRM RlefT

C o m p o s i t o r   (r MhM?)

"fMpe, ^Ref-Ml M t Rrari hi-MI^

clinch

C o m p o u n d e r  ( p r o )

(MraiMPe)

MtIMT

Brokerage Mrt t Banker   ( M ? ) Book-binder   (ftp rt^s?)

( ?)

C o n d u c t o r   (RreRe?)

Cloth-merchant

RMR5T cbK
Butler   (Ren?) Boat-man  ( M M ) Beggar   (M?) Blacksmith  ( M p f M i ) Bake  ( M ) Broker  ( M r  ) Butcher   (f^rc) Barber  wrr  Bankrupt  (M?
cPT? Ml WelfT cPI cPR

Carrier   (%ftq?)

Bakery  ( M M

( ^)

??fr?RT fofM

<141>

M 3  3TSR TifrM  cTRTT cb^jd^ WPFRP

?)

MR gfMT ^HKcii^cb

? M cncn

M?e? Rcf?TRMl

MffRR^rae? HldcpcPN WPiT ^TTM cflefl ? T R T T UI ,

EFMT

^MM^RTen

Mtppr MsicP

MR^TT

1Mtr

/

Grocer  (# TR) Gate keeper Groom  ( i p )

wff siKMId "W^fr

Photographer  ( W m m ) ^ t Prose-writer  ('sfrMRTfs^)

^rraT

i r ac t ^ P

Poet  (trftre)

Gardener   ( ^ i ^ R )

Publisher   (uRd^us

Uchiyich

Green-grocer   (fHrfnrR)

Principal   (fy'R-md)

TjyMNIil

Goldsmith   ('iWR-Haj)

^TR

Retailer   (ftt^R)

Glazier   (^rfvRR)

VfRTT cTTT^ cITcTr

Sculptor   (-i-chc^ev)

TTcSR^ I^ cITCTT

Shoe-maker   ("St-"*^)

Tfr^rt

Hawker   (FfaR)

cTTC^T

inspector   ( ^ m e ^ )

Stamp-vendor

Inkman J u g g l e r   (^ FIC R)

iT^Tfr

Lawyer   (cfaR)

"^raster

Landlord

W-fftJR ^JT iTET^t cflcn cRf^ cfTeft ^rf^?] cn?cp

Milk-man  (fac^iM) Milk-maid Messenger   (^Rr^R) Mid-wife (firs mpft) Merchant

^ CAINI^

qTefT

Miner (th^R) Mason ( ^ R r )

 (^f^RR)

 (^ Riah)

Sanitary Inspector

(Mf sfr t^f ^) Sailor   ("fT^R) Shop keeper   ( w r a ^ )

^PFRR

Shepherd Stamp  maker(7M%cjr?) Tens

frtF?

Sweeper   (^^fm) Surgeon  ( ^ f a )

^nRitR^^ncn TT01

TMY^CPN

Tanner   (t^R)

^PTR

Tailor   (tcR) Tenant  ( t ^ s )

ftRTt^R

Tin-man

cTTdT

Novelist ( HN R H ^ )

Treasurer ( t^R?)

Nurse  (^rtf)

Teacher  (£ TS R )

3TSZJTCcf>

Trader

cymi^!

Peon

Tutor   ( ^ f f ? )

•ER TR

Porter   (^M^)

Turner

Oil man (strih ^R) Priest  (tfr^e)

^tftcT

T.T.E.

^Tefl cPTR cfR^f cfrar

tcTfepS WtSTcP

Watchman (
Perfumer   (WFjfR)

Washerman  (^teR^R)

ytfl

Painter

M t cJToTT ^RTTXiT

Wholesale dealer

artcp CAINI^I

Postman  (^Re^r)

^iRhill, M-jIclinch

(£)d*ld ^feR)

Pilot  (Mi^de)

cliyiJH *TTeTcf>

Writer  

eftacfi

Potter  ( T O )

^fR

Watch-maker  

ti^^ivH

Pedlar   (^TScR)

Physician  (fMurf^RR) Pleader Proprietor   ( T r t w ^ )

\

^rrai

Seeds-man

Manager

Musician

^

( ^ q ir^r)

Jeweller

Magician

^qmiff

Water-carrier

^fc^tH Hlldcfc

Waiter  (cfs^) Weaver  ( % r  )

(?42)

t^ i

POLICE DEPARTMENT I.G. (sn^.^t. )

H^iPi^sre*

Dogs Squad (^ FT

(Inspector General of Police)

Warrant  (c|fc)

(fTPfcfe? yR^et 31TO "jfcTO)

Robbery  (^rafl)

S. P (t ^ .Tf f.)

^ ro^ ar^

Dacoity

(Superintendent of Police)

Pick-pocket  (ft^-qTfe) Murder  ( TR ^ )

S.H.O. (TRI.

art.)

arr^ R

Cheating

(Station House Officer) Challan

Sub-Inspector   ( ^ r a - ^ c k i v ) " ot  s i f ^ r  Assistan t Su b-Inspec tor

Security  (RHcNjR
^cJelclK

 (^ t^ Mtr )

Investigation

(arftrefe w - w f t ^ ) Kotwal (cbldciid)

( * IM H)

C.I.D.  (#.3TT|.^.)

2JFRR

(Criminal Investigation

 Armed Police (an^g ^fcra)

Department)

Flying Squad (MxHi^i Control Room (^ t ei

" Pfw i cp«f

(ftbf^McH s H ^ ^ I H Rsm<9fd)

Theft  (dme)

"Eftff

Tear Gas  (£n?%r) Smuggling  (wifctn)

Thief Smuggler   (wTerc)

TTTcf HFTT ^t

vjTFTT, ^ p f l

Beat Constable

On Bail (3TR %cf)

vHHIHd

Under Police Custody

!

MIl'ih

Stabbing  O&fthi) D.I.G. (^.3TT

^q-^Tftfrar^

(Deputy Inspector General)

C.B.I.

(Central Bureau of D.S.P.  ( ^ . t r t ^ . )

'gfera

(Deputy Superintendent "gfcTO)

Police Station ( ^ t o t & t r ) 8JHT

31TO

Firing

TfTc^t *]
Remand  ("Rw^s)

^wdiw % fen? SRTcRl ^ ^f^R?

Constable (< K I^ « IH ) Traffic Police  ( t f ^ ^ m )

f^wm

Investigation) ("tf^H

of Police) (fet^i T r g ^ ^ s

tftfl

fl^RRT^' ^5RT

^IdWId gfcm

Gang  (%r)

<143)

/

JU BI LE E TABLE 1  Year

\ clinch w r ^ l

 A n n i v er s ar y ( ^ r c f f i )

25  Years

Sil ver Ju b i le e

vjpicft)

50  Years

Golden Jubilee ( ' i W h  vipicft)

60  Years

Diamond Jubilee

 NUMERALS CARDINAL NUMBERS

1 One 2 Two 3 Three 4 Four 5 Five 6 Six 7 Seven 8 Eight 9 Nine 10 Ten 11 Eleven 12 Twelve 13 Thirteen 14 Fourteen 15 Fifteen 16 Sixteen 17 Seventeen 18 Eighteen 19 Nineteen 20 Twenty 21 Twenty-one 22 Twenty-two 30 Thirty 40 Forty 50 Fifty 60 Sixty 70 Seventy 80 Eighty 90 Ninety 100 One/a Hundred 101  A   Hundred  and one 200 Two   Hundred 1,000 One/a Thousand 2,000 Tw o   Thousand .  1,000,000 One/ a  Million

\

ORDINAL NUMBERS

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 101st 200th 1,000th 2,000th 1,000,000th

First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty-second Thirtieth Fortieth Fiftieth Sixtieth Seventieth Eightieth Ninetieth Hundredth Hundred-and-first Two   Hundredth Thousandth Tw o   Thousandth Millionth

/

/

INDIAN SYSTEM OF NUMBERS

One Ten Hundred Thousand Ten Thousand Lakh Ten Lakh Crore Ten Crore  A r ab Ten Arab Kharab Ten Kharab Neel Ten Neel Infinite

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 1,00,000 10,00,000 1,00,00,000 10,00,00,000 1,00,00,00,000 10,00,00,00,000 1,00,00,00,00,000 10,00,00,00,00,000 1,00,00,00,00,00,000 10,00,00,00,00,00,000 10,00,00,00,00,00,000000

In this system, we put a comma between the 3rd and 4th digits from the right,afterwards, the numbers are placed in groups of 2, called periods, and a comma is put after each period. 47,72,23,60,01,22,895 Forty seven neel seventy two kharab twenty three arab sixty crore one lakh twenty two thousand eight hundred and ninety five. Infinity  A n u m b er t h at is to o big to c o u nt .  A n i nf i ni t e q u an t i t y is en d l es s an d cannot be measured. An infinitesimal object is too small to be measured.

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF NUMBERS One Ten Hundred Thousand Ten Thousand Hundred Thousand Million Billion Trillion

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000,000,000,000

British 247,237,600,221,895 Two hundred forty seven billion two hundred thirty seven thousand six hundred million two hundred twenty one thousand eight hundred and ninety five.

NATURAL NUMBERS (OR) COUNTING NUMBERS  All t h e n u m b er s s t ar t i n g f r o m ONE are called "NATURAL" numbers, (i.e.) N = { 1,2,3,4, 5,6 }

In this system, the numbers are placed in groups of 3, called periods, and a comma is put after each period from the right.

Note : In England :1 Billion = Million

Millions

In USA & France : 1 Billion = Thousand

Millions

 A m er i c an 247,237,600,221,895 Two

hu nd red

forty

seven

t r i l l io n

two

hundred thirty seven billion six hundred million two hundred twenty one thousand eight hundred and ninety five.

EVEN NUMBERS

WHOLE NUMBERS  Al l n at u r al n u m b er s along with ZERO (0) are called "WHOLE" numbers, (i.e.) W = {0 ,1,2,3,4

}

 A n y n u m b er w h i c h is ex ac t l y divisible by 2 is called an "EVEN" number. Example : 2,4,6,8,10,14,48,56,120 etc Note : If the last figure of a number is 0,2,4,6 or 8 the number is EVEN.

ODD NUMBERS  A n y n u m b er w h i c h is NO T ex ac t l y d i v i s i b l e by 2 is c al l ed an " ODD" n u m b er . Example: 1,3,5,7,9,21,125 etc. .Note : If the last figure of a number is 1,3,5,7 or 9,the number is ODD.


Squares of Numbers 1-20

PRIME NUMBERS  A ny nu m b er w h i c h is div is ib le on ly by 1 and by itself is called a "PRIME" number. The 25 prime numbers below 100 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89 and 97 Note : 2 is the only even nu mb er w hi ch is prime.

Numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

FRACTIONAL NUMBERS : (FRACTIONS)  Any n u mb er w h i c h is a par t of a w h o l e is called a "FRACTION". These numbers are written as 1/2, 2/5, 3/5, 5/6 etc. 1/2 is a part of 1 (whole)

FRACTIONAL NUMBERS & NAMES Number 1/2 1/3 2/3 1/4 3/4 1/5 2/5 15 1 /4

CUBES OF NUMBERS

Name a Half a Thi rd Two-thirds a Quar ter Three-quarters a Fif th Two-fifth Fift een and a quarter Five-sixths a Sev ent h a Tent h a Twen ti eth a Hun dr edt h

5/6 1/7 1/10 1/20 1/100

 A n y n u m b er o b t ai n ed by m u lti pl y in g a number twice by itself is the "CUBE" of that number. e.g. 3x3x3 gives 27. Therefore 27 is the cube of 3.

DECIMAL NUMBERS Fractional numbers can also be indicated by placing a dot called the "DECIMAL POINT". e.g. the fraction 1/4 can be written as 0.25 1/2 can be written as 0.50 3/4 can be written as 0.75 In English, a  point (.)   is use instead of a comma when writing decimals. We also say   point   when speaking the number. The stress falls on the last figure : 15.2 (fifteen point two) If there is more than one figure after the decimal point, we say each separately: 15.25 fifteen point two five 3.142 three point one four two In numbers less than one, for example 0.15, we say zero point one five, point one five or, some times in British English, nought point one five.

SQUARES OF NUMBERS  A ny n u mb er o b tai n ed by m u lti p ly in g a number

once

by

itself

is

Squares 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 121 144 169 196 225 256 289 324 361 400

the

"SQUARE" of the number, e.g. 4x4 gives 16. Therefore 16 is the square of 4. 5x5 gives 25. Therefore 25 is the square of 5. •d

6>

/

ROMAN NUMBERS Roman numerals are not widely used, but used often enough so you should be able to read or interpret them. Following is a table of Arabic Numerals and their equivalent Roman Numerals. TABLE OF ROMAN NUMERALS. Roman

Arabic

Roman

Numeral

Numeral

Numeral

1

I

50

L

2

II

60

LX

3

III

70

LXX

4

IV

80

LXXX

5

V

90

XC

6

VI

100

C

7

VII

200

CC

8

VIII

300

CCC

9

IX

400

CD

10

X

500

D

11

XI

600

DC

12

XII

700

DCC

13

XIII

800

DCCC

14

XIV

900

CM

15

XV

1,000

M

16

XVI

4,000

MV

17

XVII

5,000

V

18

XVIII

10,000

X

19

XIX

15,000

XV

20

XX

20,000

XX

30

XXX

100,000

C

40

XL

1,000,000

M

 A r ab i c Numeral

\



/

The following examples illustrate the use and meaning of Roman Numerals. 1. A Roman Num eral or letter preced in g a letter of greater valu e sub trac ts fr om it : V = 5

IV = 4

L = 50

XL = 40

C = 100

XC = 90

2. A letter preceding a letter of equal of lesser value adds to it. V= 5

VI = 6

L = 50

LX = 60

C = 100

CXI = 111

3. You will quickly, of course, be able to remember and recognize smaller numbers. XVI = 16 X (10) + VI (6) = 16 XLIV = 44 XL (40) + IV (4) = 44 XCI = 91 XC (90) + I (1) = 91 For larger number simply examine the numbers and break it down into its elements and you will readily interpret the number. You will be able to recognize the elements or parts by applying rules 1 and 2 given above or by looking at the table of Rom an Numerals. CDXCIII = 493 CD (400) + XC (90) + III (3) = 493 MDCLXXV = 1,675 M (1,000) + DC (600) + LXX (70) + V (5) = 1,675 DCXCIX = 699 DC (600) + DC (90) + IX (9) = 699 4. A bar over a Roman Numeral multiplies it by 1,000. MV = 4,000

V = 5,000

XV = 15,000

XX = 20,0 00

\

<148>

/

\

TABLES AT A GLANCE Read from left to right and then from top to bottom to get the desired multiplication.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

36

39

42

45

48

51

54

57

60

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

52

56

60

64

68

72

76

80

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95 100

6

12

18

24

30

36

42

48

54

60

66

72

78

84

90

96 102 108 114 120

7

14

21

28

35

42

49

56

63

70

77

84

91

98 105 112 119 126 133 140

8

16

24

32

40

48

56

64

72

80

88

96 104 112 120 128 136 144 152 160

9

18

27

36

45

54

63

72

81

90

99 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99 110 121 132 143 154 165 176 187 198 209 220

12

24

36

48

60

72

84

96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 204 216 228 240

13

26

39

52

65

78

91 104 117 130 143 156 169 182 195 208 221 234 247 260

14

28

42

56

70

84

98 112 126 140 154 168 182 196 210 224 238 252 266 280

15

30

45

60

75

90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

16

32

48

64

80

96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 256 272 288 304 320

17

34

51

68

85 102 119 136 153 170 187 204 221 238 255 272 289 306 323 340

18

36

54

72

90 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288 306 324 342 360

19

38

57

76

95 114 133 152 171 190 209 228 247 266 285 304 323 342 361 380

20

40

60

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400

7

/

MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS +

1. plus , addi tio n si gn 2. po sit ive

0

circle; cir cu mferenc e

-

1. minu s, sub tracti on sign

n

arc of a circ le

2. negative

 A

trian g le square

x

multipl ied by

•

-

divid ed by; also indi cated by

1=1

  rectangle

oblique stroke (8/2)

[J parallelogram

or horizontal line =

equals ; is equal to

t

is not equal to

=

is identical with ; is con gru ent to

~

dif ference betw een; is equi valen t to

= ~is approximately equal to >

is gr eater th an

<

is less than

^

is not greater than

less th an or equ al to

>

greater than or equal to

a

is isomo rphic to

radic al sig n (i.e. sq uare root sig n)

5

sum

f  

integral

U

union

ft

intersection

e

is a mem ber of; is an element of; belongs to

— is contained as subclass within D

< is not less than <

4

{ } set braces 0

the empt y set.

II

absol ute value of; mod ulu s of


is to; ratio sign

M m ean (pop ul atio n)

: : as used between ratio

a

00

  infinity

stand ard deviation (popul ation) mean (sample)

* varies as, proportional to ..

con tains as su bcl ass

5

therefore

stand ard deviation (sample)

TT ratio of cir cum ference of any

since, because  L

angle

circle to its diameter

L

right angle

base of natural logarithms

1

is perpen dic ular to

°

degr ees of arc or tem per atu re

II

is par all el to

'

mi nu tes of arc or tim e; feet

"

seco nd s of arc of time; inches

 

% per cent

•

MEASUREMENT DENOTING TIME

NUMBERS MEASURES Unit

= 1

The time after midnight and before

2

units

= 1 pair

noon is referred to as Ante-Meridien

12

units

= 1 dozen

(a.m.) e.g. 3 a.m.

20

units

= 1 score

The

144

units

= 1 gross

midnight

12

dozen

= 1 gross

Meridien (p.m.) e.g. 6 p.m.

1723 units or

1 great gross

time

after is

noon

referred

and to

before

as

Post-

MEASURING WEEK

PAPER MEASURES

Number

British

Indian

24 sheets

= 1 qu ire

of the day

20 quires

= 1 ream

1.

Sunday

Ravivar

1 perfect ream

= 516 sheets

2.

Mon day

Somv ar

10 reams

= 1 bale

3.

Tuesd ay

Mangalvar

500 sheets

= 1 commercial

4.

Wednes day Budh var

5.

Thur sd ay

Guruvar

6.

Friday

Shuk ravar

7.

Satu rd ay

Shaniv ar

ream

MEASURING TIME Time

is

measured

through

the

1

following facts. It takes 365 / 4  days for

MEASURING YEAR

the Earth to go once round the Sun.

1. January 2. February

It takes 24 hours (one day) for the Earth to make one full rotation on its axis. 60 Seconds

= 1 Minute

60 Minutes

= 1 Hour

24 Hours

= 1 Day

7 Days

= 1 Week

28,29,30 or 31 Days

= 1 Month

12 Months

= 1 Year

365 Days

= 1 Year

366 Days

= 1 Leap Year

10 Years

= 1 Decade

100 Years

= 1 Century

1000 Years

= 10 Centuries

31 days 28 days

3. March 4.  Ap r il 5. May

31 days 30 days

6. June 7. July

30 days

8.  A u g u s t 9. September

31 days

10. October 11. November 12. December

31 days 31 days 30 days 31 days 30 days 31 days

Thirty Days have September,  Ap ril, J u n e an d No v em ber , February has twenty-eight alone,

= Millennium Note : Fortnight means a period of two weeks.

<151)

 A n d all th e res t hav e thirty -o ne ! Except in a leap year, there's the time when February's days are twenty-nine.

MEANING OF METRIC PREFIXES

X Hundred 100 hecto

Thousand 1000 Kilo

Ten

Basic Unit

10

1

deca

Metric units metre, litre, gram

1

=

1 Centigram

10 Centigrams

=

1 Decigram

10 Decigrams

=

1 Gram

=

1 Decagram

10 Decagrams

=

1 Hectogram

10 Hectograms

=

1 Kilogram

=

1 Myriogram

10 Myriograms

=

1 Quintal

10 Quintals

=

1 Metric Tonne

 A

1/

100 centi

'10

'1000

milli

10 Millimetres = 1 Centimetre (cm.) 10 Centimetres = 1 Decimetre 10 Decimetres = 1 Metre (1 m. = 100 cm. = 1000 mm.) 10 Metres = 1 Decametre 10 Decametres = 1 Hectometre 10 Hectometres = 1 Kilometre (1 km. = 1000 m.)

MEASURES OF CAPACITY 10 Millimetres (ml.) = 10 Centilitres = 10 Decilitres =

(1 kg. = 1000 g.) 10 Kilograms

Thousandth

MEASURES OF LENGTH

(1 g. = 1000 mg) 10 Grams

Hundredth

deci

MEASUREMENT OF WEIGHT 10 Milligrams (mg)

Tenth

10 Litres 10 Decalitres 10 Hectolitres

(1 tonne = 1000 kg.)

= = =

1 Centilitre 1 Decilitre 1 Litre ( 1 litre = 1000 ml.) 1 Decalitre 1 Hectolitre 1 Kilolitre

KINDS OF ANGLES

MEASURING TEMPERATURE

Zero Angle An angle of 0° is called the Zero angle Acute Angle An acute angle is lesser than 90° Right Angle An angle of 90° is called a right angle Obtuse Angle An obtuse angle lies between 90° and 180° Straight Angle A straight angle = 2 right angles

Degree Celsius or Degree Centigrade (°C) The most widely used unit of temperature. There are 100 degrees Celsius between the normal freezing point of water (0°C) and the boiling point of water (100°C).

DEGREE FAHRENHEIT (°F) The unit of temperature There are 180 degrees Fahrenheit between the freezing point (32°F) and the boiling point (212°F) of water. To convert °F to °C, subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9.

90°

180°

= 180°

KELVIN (K) The SI unit of temperature Absolute zero has a temperature of 0 K (zero kelvin), and one kelvin is equivalent to a degree Celsius. The kelvin scale does not have negative values.

r

(152>

Reflex Angle A reflex angle lies between 180° and 360° Complete Angle A complete angle = 4 right angles 360° = 360°

/

PREFIXES FOR UNITS  A n i n t er n at i o n al unit of m eas u r em en t u s ed in s c i en c e SI stands for Systeme International, which is French for "international system". The system of SI units has been agreed for international use, so that scientists around the world can all record the results of their experiments and make their calculations using the same units. One example of an SI unit is the metre. This is the SI unit of length, and equals the distance that light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second through a vacuum. Light is used as a standard because it has a constant speed.

SI UNITS Basic SI units

Derived SI units

Quantity

Unit

Symbol

Quantity

Unit

Symbol

Length Mass Time Electric current Temperatu re Lig ht int ensity  A m o u n t of substance

Metre Kilogram Secon d

m kg s

Ar ea

Squ are metre Cubic

m2

 A m p er e Kelvin

Volu me

 A K

Candela

cd

Mole

mol

Basic SI unit s and derived SI units

The seven basic units have scientific standards that define the size of the units with great precision. The metre and its standard are given in the entry above on SI units. Other basic units and derived units also have their own entries elsewhere in the dictionary.

Frequency Force Pres su re Energy Po w er Electric potential Electrical resistance Electric charge Radioactivity

Hertz Newton Pascal Joule Watt

m3 metre Hz N Pa J W

Volt

V

Ohm

Q

Coulomb Becquerel

C Bq

 Al l d er i v ed u ni t s ar e rel at ed to th e basic SI units.

DECIMAL MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES Decimal multiple Name

tera giga mega kilo hecto deca

Symbol

T G M k h da

Using multiples and

Decimal submultiple

Multiple

x x x x x x

12

1,000,000,000,000 (10 ) 1,000,000,000 (109) 1,000,000 (106) 1,000 (103) 100 (102) 10 submultiples

Multiples and submultiples allow one unit to be used whatever the amount measured. For example, 1 kilogram (1 kg) is 1,000 grams, and I milligram (1 mg) is one-thousandth of a gram. Large masses are measured in kilograms, and small masses in milligrams, as shown on the fright.

Name

Symbol

deci centi milli micro nano pico

d c m

Multiple

10 h- 100 (10-2)

1,000 (10-3) 1,000,000(10-6)

M n

1,000,000,000 (10-9)

P

1,000,000,000,000 (10-12)

Note : kilo means a thousand times hecto means a hundred times deca means ten times deci means a tenth part of centi means a hundredth part of milli means a thousandth part of

0l 3>

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS  A /c  A/c  A d j .  A d v t .  An  A ns.  Au  A ug. a.m.  A m t .  Am  Ap  A pr. B. Ed. B.C. B.A. B.Com. B.B.C. Capt. C.I.D. Co. cm. Col. C/o D/Dec. D.I.G. Diet. D. Litt. Do. Dr. D/o Dft. D.S.P. Dis. D.L.O. Dpt. E. ECG Ed. Estd.

X

ex. E. & O.E.

 A c c o u n t 1. Adjective 2. Adjustment  A d v er t i s em en t  A n s w er  A u g u s t (ante meridiem) before mid day amount  Ap  A p r i l Bachelor of Education Before Christ Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Commerce British Broadcasting Corporation Captain Criminal Investigation Department Company Centimetres Colonel (cjrfo) Care of Dated December Deputy Inspector General Dictionary Doctor of Literature (ditto) the same as aforesaid 1. Debtor 2. Doctor Daughter of Draft Deputy Superintendent of Police Discount Dead Letter Office Department East Electrocardiograph Editorial Established

Esp. Etc. Feb. Fig. ft. F. Fem. F.o.r. Gen. Gm. G.P.O. H. Hon. h., hr. H.Q. I.A. I.C.U. I.G. i.e. int. Jan.  j u n c . Kc. km. kg. kl. lb. Ltd. lab. Lt. Lt. Gov. Mad. M.D. Min. ml. M.L.A. Mme. M.P. Mrs. M.B. M.B.A. M/s.

<1 5 4>

= Example = Errors and omissions excepted = Especially = (etcetera) and the other = February = Figure = feet = Fahrenheit = Feminine = Free on rail = General = gram = General Post Office = Hydrogen = Honourable = hour = headquarters = Indian Army = Intensive Care Unit = Inspector General = (id est) that is = interest = January = junction = kilo cycle = Kilometre = kilogram = kilo litre = (libra) pound = Limited = laboratory = Lieutenant = Lieutenant Governor = Madam = = = =

Doctor of Medicine minute Milli-iitre Member of legislative  A s s e m b l y = Madame = Member of Parliament = Mistress = Bachelor of Medicine = Master of Business  A d m i n i s t r at i o n = Messrs

\

 A

misc. M.A. M.O.

Mr. m.p.h. N.B. Neg. No. Nov. O. Oct. Opp. Obj. O.K. Oz. P.C. Ph. D. pm. P.O. P.T. P.T.O. p.c. plu. P.M.

Pt. pt. P.W.D. Q. Qty. qr. Re. Retd. R.S.V.P. Rd. ref. Rs. S/o Secy. Sec.

miscellaneous Master of Arts 1. Money Order 2. Medical Officer Mister miles per hour (nota bene) Note well Negative (numero) in number November Oxygen October Opposite Object (Okeh) All correct ounce Post Card Doctor of Philosophy premium Post Office Physical Training Please turn over (percent) by the hundred plural 1. Prime Minister 2. (Post Meridiem)  A f t er n o o n Pandit Point Public Works Department Question Quantity quarter Rupee Retired (Respondez s'il vous plait) reply, if you please Road reference Rupees Son of Secretary Secondary

Sep. St. S. Sat. sec. sig. sing. Sub. T.B. Tel. T.O. T.V. tech. tele. tr. U.S.S.R. U.D.C. U.P. U.S.A. U. U.K. Vid. V.P. V.P.P. V. viz. V.I.P. Wed. W/o W.H.O. W. w.f. wt. Xm. X Yr. Zn. &

(155)

= September = 1. Street 2. Saint = South = Saturday = second = signature = singular = Subject = Tuberculosis = Telegraph = Turnover = Television = technical = telephone = transfer

\

= Union of Soviet Socialist Republics = Upper Division Clerk = Uttar Pradesh = United States of America = Uranium = United Kingdom = (vide) see = Vice-President = Value payable parcel = (versus) against = (videlicet) namely = Very Important Person = Wednesday = Wife of = World Health Organisation = West = = = = = = =

wrong fount weight (X'mas) Christmas numeral for ten Year Zinc (et.) and

/

WOR DS WHIC WHICH H COM COMMON MONLY LY CO CONF NFUS USE E  A c c ep t (3T (3Tcj cj#e) #e)

Cattle (%cr?f)

Except (i^cHW)

K et et tl tl e ( t o )

 A c c es s (a n f ^ f )

^ j ; "T "TFt.

Cloth (cfcnar)

Excess (wn^rr)

3Tf?IcjKn; cjKn; yqRT.

Clothes (cfvTt^vi)

 A d v i c e (^ CII ^ -H )

Cost (WRS)

 A d v i s e (T^ JT^ MI)

Cast

 An  A n g el (t (tjj s r a)

Caste ( CPTTS)

 A n g l e (^Tcf (^ Tcf))

Cheque (^fr)

 Acc c i d en t  A

ttrsn ttr sn ^TT ^ TT;; M> M>tmyf ^ n .

Incident  Aff f ec t ( s i t e )  A Effect Bad

Bail (ta)

w ra; MRuih. MiMHd.

Bale

^fTT. fte;^.

Bridal (sT^Sc?) cFTR. ot ^ n; wrrcft wrrcftm?! m?!..

^ c j ^ l 0M 0M-SI.

Canvass (t^Tcra)

*M
C i te te ( w e )

w i ^ n ; cpa cpan; 6TOR.

Site (mi?)

"?«TR;   wfii.

Co r d ( w i )

VRft.

Course (c^rf )

MicjiishH; ftrepji-f^.

Coarse (ctfrtf)

;  "EFFEN;-PTR

W C P T .

Di e ( w )

•snn.

Dye

TfRT.

Desert (^H^)

"T^Rajef. % \Jt \JtRRT RRT ^TCf ^TCf vJfF vJfFj

^ ^ cR^ri ^ri.

Bear («I3R) Bear

cf^TRf,

Beer (^terc)

uft ^ f TRTEf.

Dear (few?)

fiftl

Deer (^Rre)

f^rui.

Dairy Diary (^raft)

Birth (*jaf)

RlH^ijii fc T^ RlH^ij T^tt

ijijR R-dcb dcbl.l.

Dose (^m)

B er t h (era ra**)

Doze (^Tyf)

Blow (^cfr)

Draught (^irc)

Below (t^cft) Buy («rr|)

Canvas (IRCRI)

Dessert

Born Borne (efa)

Check (^P)

Die ("STf)

Brake (tcp) Break (sftf)

f i t ; tcP tcP ^J ^JlldlH cPT 3TT5TI

Card

Bed (ts)

Bridle (iTf^ei)

'TTecP ip  TTT^T;  3rfiFtaT.

^TtcT c^TT  c^TT,' ^ tSRT tSRT .

T^s; cug

^Tfc ^Tfcm. m.

Drought (^rae) E l de der ( " ^ f )

•^ST.

Older (3TW?)

^ ST; arfsjcp cp arrg ^T ^TcT cTT.

Eligible (^feTWeT)

Blew (^o^)

^ r WFf "ZT "ZTT1^.

I l l eg eg i b l e ( ^ r w c f )

3TPTE.

B es es i d e ( f t ^ s )

F a r m er er ( w f t )

fcfRTH.

Besides (fiRTT^sxH)

Former (xtfrfo)

By ( ^ i ) Blue

<156)

N

Farm (tprt)

MSfjMleH

Mail

Form (TfiW)

s

"STcp.

Mal ale e (t a )

Fair (%3R)

"gtR;  ^ToTT.

Fare

Not (-qfe)

'HTST; tffviR.

Knot Ote)

Floor (WR)

•pj^ •pj ^ ' rlcT rlcT..

Naughty

Flour (tfcTTvJ?)

an^T;

Knotty

Feet (T^te)

tfc.

Nice

Feat

xWecbU.

Tfte. yHK^I; HdUci. Jltd Jl tdcJW cJW; cp cpfe^ fe^..

Niece

Gate

W 0 ; cjycl cjyclH HI.

O u r (3TT (3TT3?) 3?)

FTRT.

Gait Ote)

"^TTef; "TfrJ.

Hour (3TT33R)

•sfer.

Heal (fter)

Practice (trffen)
Heel (fta) Here

.

Practise (frffejH)

3TWTRT.

Plan (tcTH)

Hear ( H o r  )

Wf.

Plane

Hole (ttt)

"jf^RT.

Plain Tjpt;  ^TRjirf.

Whole (^TeT)

Pale (^ T)

He r d ( j i )

Pail (ta)

Heard He ard (^ t )

Popular (^gcR)

Hair (%*rc)

"elTcT TcT.

Populous (if^geRT)

"SRI eRFT I 13JT; 'q^ 'q^ l 

Hare (%3R)

^grrfm.

Pour ( t fR)

 cRTRI;; Tj^TeTTtTR "TT^t  cRTRI

Heart

fcTcl.

Hu r t ( j i )

xmra.

Pore (*fR)

Tttfq.

Id le le ( a n ^ t )

tcFR; 3TTcT#;

Prescribe (fawr^i)

ft m   ^PRI ;  ftqfojr  CF  CFvrt .

3nfcT cpt vJ vJ^^ eHI.

Ideal (anf^Rra)

Proscribe

Industrial (^gft^ra)

Pray (3)

I n d us u s t ri r i ou ou s ( ^ s f ^ r o )

Prey (it)

Luxurious

Peace (i?Rf)

(< H j ^ R3TFF )

;

Latter (ete*)

^ f ; 3TSR.

cpT cpT.

Pane (iR) Price (TfT^f)

Lessen (eR?R)

Prize (wis)

(cJst)

Loose ( c $ h )

Pair (tore)

ufr^ uf r^T T; yjt^ y jt^ t; " J 7!^

"StcTI.

Pare (ifcR)

cblriHI; WH cfi^n; W^TT.

Peal (iter) fcr fcran: c j^ n.

Meet Meat (#3)

cflHd; :,Jc3I;  ^ R; TRl.

^ T T ; j Tc| HI .

Marry Merry (^fft)

TTtfcF;

Pain (iR)

Lesson (eRR) Lose

Tna nafa fall cfi cfi^^ n.

Piece (Tfrfl)

Luxuriant (cPxgWe) Letter (cte?)

^CT

ftoRT.

Peel (iter)

f&efcbl vidKHI.

Quiet (cfEfrre)

TTTd; P^ P^ttc ttcH. H.

Quite ("WT^e)

J

/

Rain

cT^rf.

Reign Reign (^ i )

TFFTR; TTvII

Rein (^r)

cPT cP TR; w f e R .

\

T h ei ei r ( ^ R ) TTjR< TTjR<1 1.

Ring (f?n)

There (^ R)

cTFT;

Tail (tci) Tale (tei)

Wring (#r)

Pl^l-SHI "  "9 9T "tRt^TT.

Route (i^e)

wf.

Root (^ e)

T h r o n e  (arR) Thrown (? t R) Teem

Right Rite (^ife)

flfc fl fcl, l, TPT.

Write

feRsRT.

Team (^fa)

Ro llll ( ^ i )

WTvT ^rqife-ipl ifTcf tRl.

Vale

Role ("tfei)

^^ne^P % W cPT 3ff5RZf.

Veil

Sale (^ra)

ftsft.

Vain (cR)

cm "^ct

tj^ i; l^ pl; "^qe. "^qe.

Sai l ("^Te "^TeT)

Vein   (iR)

See (#)

Vacation  (3%yr 

Sea (#) Steal (^tcf)

Swing

('Rjr )

)

•RT^r. 3TcRPm.

Vocation 1TRT.

Stee teel (^ o f ) Sing (ftR)

ISIR IS IR ^ R.

"HRT. SJcTT.

Sensible

ff^TTH;

Sensitive ("#tftfeci)

"Ef^mcT;   Ticr^Rftef.

Waste (ifte) Waist (im)

cpTR.

Weather

TF RR .

W h et et h e r ( ^ r  )

"qft.

Wear (^RR)

W R T ; SJR JRT T tP tP^R ^RT T.

Ware (% j r )

Suit ("ge)

cfH cf HTuf ufR R; c ^ ol ol..

Suite ("qe)

cfnRt cPT^e.

Weak

Soot(^e)

chlf^y.

Week Ofop)

Sole

"cTeTT;   cTefcTI. cTefcTI.

Weigh (*)

TFTCRT.

Soul

OTcRT;

Way (if)

TRFFT.

Story (^tft)

^PFFft; PFFft; cpaiT. iT.

Wine (cfT^)

7 R R .

Storey (^rfl)

Vine ( CTT CTT^ T )

S t at at io i o na n ar y ( ^ n f l ) Stationery (t£?r ?») Su n (^ JR ) So n

( TR)

irer.

Sore (^R)

 ("tfR)  ("tf R)

Soar 

vT^RT vT ^RT;;

Sour (^rra?)

"0IT.

eft eRTT ^IT  «fcT.

Wander (cff^)

3MRT

Wonder (cte?)

T ? R # T T ;

Weight (ite)

C F JJ JJ R ;

Wait (ire) Yolk Yoke (Tfcp)

^ R T . 3 TT TT FJ FJ RF RF CFR^TT.

T R .

Tf^fSn Tf^fSn ^JR^TT.

eft >ir£f. tlcff eft v^ff (xgft

/

ONE WORD SUBS TITU TITUTION TIONS S

 All i en   (TjfeRR)  A

\

A person perso n residing in a country countr y of which whi ch he   is not a citizen.

 A n ar c h y   (3HT^)  (3HT^)  3NMcbdi Absence of Government,  A n n u a l   ("^ara)  ("^ara)   wf^fi Happening every year.  A n o n y m o u s ( 3 r T%to )  'j^Rm   That does not bear the name of the writer.  A n t i s ep t i c   (^iiuj^sjcp)

^rcr rcraJ That which whi ch count eracts eract s purification.

VHCH^n  Living in (or near) water.

 A q u at i c

 A t h ei s t   (arafRe)  (arafRe)  HiR-d* One who does not believe in god.  A u d i en c e  (sfffciHT)  (sfffciHT)  srmFm An assembly of listeners.  A u t o b i o g r ap h y   (sff^MfRt-TTTtfr)  (sff^MfRt-TTTtfr)  an^wm The life story of a person written by himself.  A m at e u r   (WzfR) W ^ T H T One who pursues pursue s some art or sport as hobby. hobby.  A u t o g r ap h   (affst-WP) -gg® (affst-WP) -gg® ^zrfrfi %  I ^ T S R To get signature signatur e of some important importan t person in his own

hand writing. B a n k r u p t  (tfcrre)  (or Insolvent)  teciifdiii One who cannot pay off his debt. Biography

itfra^l The Th e life story stor y of a person. pers on.

Brittle  (Hren)  (Hren)  jpgRi Liable to be easily broken. Botany   (wfc^t)  (wfc^t)  cm-qfa f^rsTH The science of vegetable life. Barometer   (tRffle?) c i i ^ u ^ i i

t^t to i f s An instrument for measuring atmospheric

pressure. B l o n d e  ( ^ u ^ )

^rr^ ^rr^tt 3 #

h

A beautiful lady of fair complexion comple xion and

golden hair. Cantonment

Temporary Temporar y quart ers made mad e for military men.

Catalogue  (4?rfHT'i)  (4?rfHT'i)  ^ M d A list list of the names of books. Century   ( ^ g f l ) yidi yidi«? «?ii On One e hundre hun dred d years . Colleagues   (gMT'XH) ^ - ^ r N n f f Persons Persons working together in in the same instituti institution. on. C o m b u s t i b l e  (cb^*
warmp A disease commun icable by contact.

Credulous   ( F B ^ C W - I )

CPR

Democracy

One who believes believ es easily whateve wha teve r is told.

m

w r a ^ Governm ent of the people, by the people, for the people.

Dictionary   (ferer^fl) Edible  (-qf^ra) ^

A book which whi ch tells what wha t various variou s words wor ds mean.

^fpu Fit to be eaten. eat en.

Eligible  (QRHRHeid)  (QRHRHeid)  ^fr^J One who is fit to be elected. Extempore  ( i ^ u f w ) d^bicH TTfr TTfro o A speech spe ech made mad e without with out previou prev iouss preparat prep aration ion.. Egoist Fastidious   Fatal

\

3Tfcn Tfcn^I ^I A person pers on who wh o always alw ays thinks thi nks of himself. hims elf.   Hard to please.

( W R ^ R F ^ R A )  )  ^ R T S U

Were* That Th at whic wh ich h causes cau ses death. deat h.

(159)

/

/

\ Fatalist   (tftefaree) Fiend  (^ft^s)

One wh o   believes in fate.

H^R VIN  A most wicked and cruel man.

Germicide  (^rifar^s)

Substance having power to destroy germs.

Honorary   (3fF^I)

A post for whi ch no salary is paid.

Hospitable  (^IMfera) OTfas^cmff One who entertains his guests. Hades

^rrara

Hearse

Lower world beneath the earth. Vehicles to carry corpse (dead body).

Holdall   (£)d^fd) Honeymoon   Hoyden

A canvas bag to hold bedding etc.

( F F R P ) 

^ H K M

The first night of a newly married couple.

^d^et) ers^f A very romping girl.

Hydra  (¥T^|T) f r w i An imaginary serpent with many heads.

^

Hypnotism   (fenifevH) wrIf    fen A science of hypnos is by which a hypnotist can induce an

artificial sleep on others. Illegal  ($dcft
One who can neither read nor write.

Immovable

That which cannot be moved.

Inaccessible  (f^ ar^fMlcra)  

STTR

Inaudible ( ^ affffera)

That which cannot be heard.

  Incapable of being approached.

Incredible ( ^ tbR;«id)  3rfSre^rcr%J That which cannot be believed. Indispensable  (snOw-i^-Md)  3iPicji4  That which cannot be dispensed with. Ineligible  ( ^ j f o ^ k H ) 3r*fRf Not fit to be elected or selected. Infallible  (^ibichdd)  awpvf A person who cannot make a mistake. Insatiable (3H
That cannot be overcome.

Invincible  (^nRnRHeid)  ar^ta Incapable of being conquered. Invisible

ar^rai That cannot be seen.

Irrelevant (s^cWd)  aFTifci   Not to the point. Irreparable (sjyR^tid)  anrtoRi   That cannot be repaired. Irritable  (^Riefd) Ri-ssRi^si One who is quick to anger. Kindergarten   ( f e s n T ^ )  f^T^jaff  "ept

A school for kids.

Kidnap  ( f ^ g ^ j ) 3W£>iui To carry away a person forcibly. Library (HT^tff)  ^TcPTcTO A place containing books for reading or reference. Linguist  (fc^Re)

\

One who knows many languages.

(160)

/

/

Maiden speech

% G R T fen w

w i 

  A speech made for the first time.

\

TWJT

Manuscript  ( ^ g f e F e ) mu ^leift Papers written by hand. 9Rcfr ^q A man working merely for money.

Mercenary 

Migratory (^i ^ilri^l)  WMHPTff   That moves from one place to another. Millennium   ( f e r f e m )  "rr^Rn^l Thousand years. Matinee

^TF?

^ f^ T T A cinema show which is held in the afternoon.

Manifesto   (^-TlWl)  "efrnwr—^T^r A written declaration of Government or a political party Manna

(* IHT)

^raraff

^rm Food offered to the Gods.

Matrimoni al (t^Fftf era)  Nurse

fen?

Concerning marriage.

yR^iRchi A lady who attends sick person or infants.

N o t o r i o u s ( ^ M f a r a )  ^ r m , ^ pft   Of evil reputation. Omnipotent 

"^ferfetTR  One who is powerful.

Omnipresent   ( s f F W r ^ )  ^fezmrcp   One who is present everywhere. Omniscient   ( a i l ^ W )  TferraT One who knows everything. Opaque  (afefi)  aiMKcjyfcb A lady who attends sick persons or infants. Optician

^ n

Optimist  

3 T I ? M T ? [  One

^Ten One who prescribes glasses. who takes the bright side of things.

O r p h a n ( s t r i r )  aRiar   A child whose parents are dead. Oasis

(cj^Rh'H)

A shady fertile place in the desert.

Orthodox   (snafrsfer)  *ifdcii
One who walks on foot.

Pessimist  ( M r f e s ) femraT^f One who takes the dark side of things.

KRT  One who steals from the pockets of others.

^fa 3

Pickpocket

Popular   (Ml^eN)  ^nffiter One who is liked by the people.

^rftsn An examination made after death.

Postmortem P o s t h u m o u s 

TRuitTRRi  Something done for a person after his death, like being awarded.

Parables   (^t^r^a)  itfct ^parnj Stories which build moral. Quorum

^HdH 3ficiyi|ch w i Required minimum number of members to be present in the

meeting to pass a resolution. Right

srfSjcPR Privilege, enjoyed by citizens.

Shrew  ("faqj SFFSTOJ^ A peevish woman. Scholarship (IcnR im) W5f^frf   Allowance given to intelligent students. Sanatorium   ( ^ d l R i w )

str T^i 3TTSR A place for invalids and convalescents.

Teetotaller   (^Tet^cR) w p Tryst  

\

^

^len One who totally abstains from alcoholic drinks.

  ^sra a place for meeting of two lovers.

TPTO

(161)

/

/

Transparent

A body through which light can pass.

\

Turncoat   (e4cbte)  R-i^id wnTf A person who changes his party or principles easily. Unavoidable

arawwnft That which cannot be avoided.

Unintelligible (sR-g^ fciftraci)   arato That which cannot be understood. Universal   (^Pfe^d)  ftfl^zmft A rule that is applicable to all. Vegetarian  Veteran (cr^TR)

s i i c b i ^   One who lives on vegetables only.

One who has long experience.

Voluntary (^Tclttl)  few ^t   Of one's own free will. Waterproof   ( d l e ^ ) ^ra a f e t o Through which water cannot pass. Widow   ( f e t )  ferai A woman whose husband is dead. Widower (fetere)  fej*  A man whose wife is dead. Zo o   (vsjj Hrfemrc A place where birds, anim als etc. are kept.

\

(162)

/

/

\

WORLD -  FAMOUS FAMOUS RIVERS

FAMOUS MOUNTAINS

Length Location (miles) Nile  Africa 4,160  A m az o n South Americ a 3,900 Yangtze-Kiang  China 3,400 Congo  Africa 3,000 S.E.  Asia Mekong 2,800 U.S.S.R. Ob 2,700 U.S.S.R. Lena 2,680 Canada Mackenzie 2,635 China Hwang Ho 2,600  Afr ica Niger 2,600 U.S.S.R.  A m u r 2,500 South America Parana 2,500 U.S.S.R. 2,500 Yenisei U.S.A. 2,340 Mississippi U.S.S.R. 2,300 Volga U.S.A. 2,000 Colorado 2,000 St .  Lawrence Canada Canada 2,000 Yukon Tibet/India 1,800 Brahmaputra Europe 1,720 Danube 1,700 Turkey/Syria/Iraq Euphrates Tibet/India/Pakistan  1,700 Indus 1,600  Af ri ca  Zambezi

Height (feet) 29,028 28,250 28,168 26,660 26,504 25,645 25,447 24,590 22,834 20,320 19,344 19,340 18,481 17,887 17,068 17,000

Location Everest Nepal/Tibet K2 Kashmir Sikkim Kanchenjunga Kashmir Nanga Parbat Nepal  A n n ap u r n a Nanda Devi India Kamet India/Tibet Communism Peak U.S.S.R  A c o n c ag u a  A r g en t i n a Mackinlev  A l ak s k a Cotopaxi Ecuador Kilimanjaro Tanzania Elburz U.S.S.R. Mexico Popocatapetl Kenya Kenya  A r ar at Turkey Ruwenzori Uganda/ Cangolese Republic Mont Blanc France

16,795 15,771

FAMOUS BRIDGES

Zambezi Storstrom Tay   (Rail) Upper Sone Godavari Forth (Rail) Salazar, Lisbon

Location  Af r i c a Denmark Scotland India India Scotland Portugal

Tay   (Road) Scotland Forth (Road) Scotland Golden Gate,  San Francisco U.S.A. Hardinge India Orinoco Venezuela Severn England Victoria Jubilee, Montreal Canada Sydney Harbour  A u s t r al i a

Waterway (miles) 27 a 2 2 17s 174 172 174 174

Ganges

India 

1,560

FAMOUS VOLCANOES Height

17 8

Location

(feet)

Cotopaxi

Ecuador

19,612

Mauna  Loa

Hawaii

13,680

Erebus

17s 1 1 1 1 74

12,450

Etna •

Sicily

Ruapehu

New   Zealand

9,175

Paricutin

Mexico

7,451

Hekla

Iceland

4,892

Vesuvius

Italy

4,190

Stromboli

Italy

3,038

Krakatau

Indonesia

2,667

163)

<

 A nt ar c ti c a

10,958

FAMOUS LAKES  Ar ea Location

(Sq.  feet)

Caspian   Sea

U.S.S.R.

143,550

Superior

Canada/U.S.A.

Victoria

31,800 26,800

 A fr ic a

 Aral   Sea

U.S.S.R.

25,300

Huron

Canada/U.S.A.

23,000

Michigan

U.S.A.

22,400

 A f r i ca

12,700

Tanganyika Great Bear

Canada

12,275

Baikal

U.S.S.R.

11,780

Nyasa

 A f r i ca

Great Slave

11,430 10,980

Canada

Chad

10,000

 A f r i ca

Erie Ladoga

Canada/U.S.A. U.S.S.R.

9,940 7,000

Onega

U.S.S.R.

3,800

Titicaca

Bolivia/Peru

3,200

FAMOUS &   LARGEST CITIES Tokyo

Japan

Djakarta

Indonesia

Shanghai

China

Rio de  Janeiro

Brazil

New   York

U.S.A.

Seoul

Korea

Leningrad

U.S.S.R.

Chicago

U.S.A.

Berlin   (E & W)

Germany

London, Greater

England

Buenos Air es

 A r g en t i n a

Moscow

U.S.S.R.

Mexico City

Mexico

Peking

China

Tientsin

China

Sao   Paulo

Brazil

Osaka

Japan

Mumbai

India

Kolkata

India

Cairo

U.A.R.

Tehran

Iran

New   Delhi

India

Chennai

India

NAMES OF THE  CONTINENTS

NAMES OF  OCEANS  A nt ar ct i c

X

 Afr i ca A n t ar c t i c a A s i a A u s t r al i a

Ar ct i c

 At lan tic In di an

Europe North Ameri ca

Pacific

South America

/

TOWNS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIES

\

FOREIGN Town Baku Bangkok

Belfast Buenos Aires Cadiz Chicago Detroit Dresden Glasgow Havana Hollywood Johannesburg Kimberley Leeds Los Angeles Lyons Morocco Munich New Orleans Pittsburgh Plymouth Sheffield Venice Vienna Wellington

Industries Petroleum Shipping Ship-building and Linen Goods

Country

Russia Thailand Ireland  A r g en t i n a Spain U.S.A. U.S.A. U.S.A. Scotland Cuba U.S.A. South Africa South Africa England U.S.A. France North Africa Germany U.S.A. U.S.A. England England Italy  A u s t r i a New Zealand

Dairy Products Cork Gramophone  A u t o m o b i l es Optical and Photographic Apparatus Machinery, Textile Cigar Films Gold mines Diamond Mining Woollen Goods Films, Oil Silk Leather Lenses Cotton Iron and Steel Ship-building Cutlery Glass Glass Dairy Products

INDIAN Town

 A h m ed ab ad  A l i g ar h

Cotton

 A l w ay e  A m b ar n at h

Rare Earths Factory

(Near Mumbai)  A n k l es h w ar (Gu j ar at ) Bangalore

Bareilly

X

Industries

Locks Machin e Tools

(Proto typ e Factory )

Oil Cotton Textiles, Toys, Carpets, Motors,  A i rc raf t, In di an Tel ep h o n e Industries and Machine Tools Resin Industry, Woodwork



 \

Town

Industries

Batanagar

Shoes

Bhilai

Steel

Bhopal

Heavy Electricals

Bokaro

Steel Plant

Mumbai

Cotton Textile, Cinema

Kolkata

Jute Manufacture, Electric Bulbs and Lamps

Chhindwara

Lime-stone, Coal

(Madhya Pradesh) Chittaranjan

Locomotives

(West Bengal) Churk (U.P.)

Cement

Delhi

D.D.T., Textiles and Housing

Dhariwal

Woollen goods

Digboi

Petroleum

Durgapur

Steel

Ferozabad

Glass

Guntur

Cotton Manufacture

Gwalior

Pottery

Howrah

Jute

Jaipur

Embroidery, Pottery and Brassware

Jagadhari

Paper

Jalahalli

Machine Tools Factory and Electronics

Jamshedpur

Iron and Steel goods

(Tatanagar) Jharia

Coal

Kanpur

Leather, Shoes

Katni

Cement

Khetri

Copper

Koyali

Petro-chemicals

Ludhiana

Hosiery

Moradabad

Utensils,Calico printing

Mysore

Silk

Nangal

Fertilizers

Nepanagar

Newsprint

Neyveli

Lignite

Noonamati

Oil refining

Perambur

Railway Coaches Factory

(Near Madras)

<166>

i Industries

Town Pinjore (Haryana)

Machine Tools

Pimpri (Pune)

Penicillin Factory  A t o m i c Po w er Pl an t

Rana Pratap Sagar Raniganj

Coal mining

Rourkela

Steel, Fertilizer

Rupnarainpur

Cables

(West Bengal) Sindri

Fertilizer

Singareni (Andhra)

Coal

Singhbhum

Copper

Surat

Textiles

Suratgarh

Modern Agricultural Farm

Tiruchirapalli

Cigar

Titagarh

Paper  A t o m i c Reac to r s, Fer tili zer s

Trombay Varanasi

Silk Textile

Vishakhapatnam

Ship-building

TOWNS SITUATED ON  RIVER BANKS FOREIGN River

Moscow

Moskva

River

1. Baghdad 2. Belgrade

Tigris Danube

16.

3. Berlin 4. Budapest

Spree

17. New   York

Hudson

Danube

18. Ottawa

St.  Lawrence

5. Buenos Air es

La  Plata

19. Paris

Seine

6. Cairo

Nile

7.

Liffey

Dublin

8. Hang Chow 9. Kabul 10. Karachi

\ 

Town

Town

20.

Prague

21. Quebec

Yangtse-Kiang

22.

Kabul Sindh

Rangoon

Vitava

St .  Lawrence Irrawadi

23. Rome

Tiber

24. St .  Louis

Mississippi Darling

11. Khartoum 12. Lahore

Nile Ravi

25. Sydney

13. Lisbon 14. London

Tag us

26. Tokyo

 A r ak aw a

Thames

27. Vienna

Danube

15. Madrid

Menzaneres

28. Warsaw

Vistula

CT67)

/

/

TOWNS SITUATED ON RIVER BANKS

\

INDIAN Town 1.  A g ra 2.  A l l ah ab ad

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

 A y o d h y a Badrinath Kolkata Cuttack Delhi Dibrugarh Ferozepore Guwahati Hardwar Hyderabad

River Jamuna Confluence of the Ganges and the Jamun a & Saraswati Saryu  A l ak n an d a Hoogly Mahanadi Jamuna Brahmaputra Sutluj Brahmaputra Ganges Musi

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

Town Jabalpur Kanpur Kotah Leh Lucknow Nasik Pandharpur Patna Saikowaghat Sambalpur Srinagar Srirangapatnam Surat Varanasi Vijayawada

River Narbada Ganges Chambal Indus Gomti Godavari Bhima Ganges Brahmaputra Mahanadi Jhelum Cauvery Tapti Ganges Krishna

MINERALS IN INDIA Mineral

1.  A l u m i n i u m (qc^ ftP^ H) (from Bauxite) 2.  A s b es t o s ("^ ciicHi d-^HAi emj) 3. China Clay  ftfl) 4. Cobalt ('Plere % t t c h t f W sjt^) 5. Coal  (cbl^di) 6. Copper   (diHi) 7. Diamond 8. Gold  (^PTi) 9. G y p s u m ( u f ^ i 10. Iron (effFf) 11. Lead  (#^tt) 12. Zinc  (uH-di) 13. Limestone ( ^ t 'qRarc) 14. Manganese  (^i-Tltf) 15. Marble  ( w j m ) 16. Mica 17. Petroleum  (^rfcRFi) 18. Red Stone  { t m w & R ) 19. Silver   (^rMt) 20. Tungsten  ( ^ ^ t f t n f l t n ^ ) 21. Thorium ucbu eft tn ^ ) 22. Uranium  (f^ is Tld ^RjaiI ^ i ^ c h

Name of the State

(1) Oris sa

(2) Bih ar

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

(2) Bihar (2) Kerala (2) Ker ala (2) Bihar (2) Rajasthan (2) Andhra Pradesh (2) An dh ra Pradesh (2) Tamil Nadu (2) Orissa

Karnataka Bihar Rajas th an West Bengal Bihar Madhya Pradesh Karn ataka Rajasth an Bihar Rajasthan Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan Bihar Assam Rajasthan Karnataka Bihar Kerala Bihar

(m)

(2) An dh ra Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh (2) An dh ra Pradesh (2) Gujarat (2) (2) (2) (2)

Bihar Maharashtra Rajasthan Kerala

'

/

AGRICULTURAL PR OD UC TS IN INDIA  Agri cu lt ural

Product

Name of th e State

1. Barley  ("sft)

(a) Punjab

(b) U.P.

2. C i n c h o n a  (J ^ H 4>l ^rs)

(a) Tamil Nadu

(b) Kerala

3. Cashew nut  (^Tujj

(a) Kar nat aka

(b) Tamil Nadu

4. Coconut & Copra  ( f e n )

(a) Kerala

(b) Tamil Nadu

5. Coffee  (cwfr)

(a) Karnataka

(b) Kerala

6. Cotton (chMKH)

(a) Maharashtra

(b) Gujarat

7. Indigo  ( f e i )

(a) Bi har

(b) Tamil Nadu

8. J u t e  (Md^H)

(a) West Bengal

(b) Assam

9. Maize ( T O )

(a) U.P.

(b) Bihar

10. Rice  (*iicid)

(a) West Bengal

(b) Andhra Pradesh

11. Sandal Wood

(a) Karnataka

12. Sugarcane  ( ' H i )

(a) U.P.

(b) Bihar

13. Spices {M   t-wic})

(a) Kerala

(b) Karnataka

14. Tea

(a) Assam

(b) Kerala

15. Tobacco

(a) Maharashtra

(b) Tamil Nadu

16. Wheat m j

(a) Punjab

(b) U.P.

FAMOUS BOOKS BY FOREIGN AUTHORS Books

 Auth ors

 A St r an g er in th e Mi rror

Sidney Sheldon

 A n n a K ar en in a

Leo Tolstoy

 A Farew el l to A r m s

Ernest Hemingway

 A d v en t u r es of Sh er l o c k Ho l m es

 A r th u r Co n an Do yle

 A li c e in Wo n d er l an d

Lewis Carroll

 A f f lu en t So c iet y

J.K. Galbraith

 A Pa s s ag e to In dia

E.M. Forster

 A n d r o c l es an d t h e Lion

George Bernard Shaw

 All Qu iet o n the We s t er n Fr ont

Eric Maria Remarque

 A Tal e of Tw o Ci ties

Charles Dickens

 A We ek with Ga n d h i

Louis Fischer

 A m b as s ad o r ' s Repo rt

Chester Bowles

 A r m s an d the Man

George Bernard Shaw

 A s i an Dr am a

Gunnar Myrdal

\

 A n t o n y an d Cl eo p at ra

William Shakespeare

 A s Yo u Like It

William Shakespeare

 A u g u s t 1914

 A l ex an d er So l zh en i ts y n

Babbit

Sinclair Lewis

Blind Ambitions

John Dean

Bitter Sweet

Noel Coward

Ben Hur

Lewis Wallace

Blind Beauty

Boris Pasternak

Candida

George Bernard Shaw

Candide

Voltaire

Cancer Ward

 A l ex an d er So l zh en i ts y n

Comedy of Errors

William Shakespeare

Crime and Punishment

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Caesar and Cleopatra

George Bernard Shaw

Canterbury Tales

Geoffrey Chaucer

Count of Monte Cristo

 A l ex an d er Du m as

Crisis in India, The

Ronald Segal

David Copperfield

Charles Dickens

Das Kapital

Karl Marx

Doctor's Dilemma

George Bernard Shaw

Death of a President

William Manchester

Don Quixote

Miguel de Cervantes

Doctor's Wife

Brian Moore

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Robert Louis Stevenson

Dr. Zhivago

Boris Pasternak

Deserted Village

Oliver Goldsmith

Decline and Fall of the Roman

Edward Gibbon

Empire Divine Comedy

Dante

Education of a Public Man, The

Hubert H. Humphrey

Ends and Means

 A l d o u s Hu xl ey

Expanding Universe

Eddington

Essays of Elia

Charles Lamb

Emma

Jane Austen

Freedom in Arms

 A .L . Mo rto n

Freedom at Midnight

Larry Collins and Domini que Lapierre

Far From the Madding Crowd

Thomas Hardy

For Whom the Bell Tolls

Ernest Hemingway

Forsyte Saga

John Galsworthy

Books

1

 Auth ors

Faust

J.W. Von Goethe

Father and Sons

Ivan Turgenev

First Circle Fenius and Lust Friends, Not Masters

 A l ex an d er So lzh en i ts y n Henry Miller  A y u b K h an

Gone with the Wind

Margaret Mitchell

Gathering Storm

Winston Churchill

Great Illusion

Norman Angel

Good Earth

Pearl S. Buck

Gulag Archipelago

 A l ex an d er So l zh en it s y n

Great Expectations

Charles Dickens

Gulliver's Travels

Jonathan Swift

Gulistan

Sheikh Saadi

Hamlet

William Shakespeare

Harry Potter

J.R. Rowling

Humboldt's Gift

Saul Bellow

Hunchback of Notre Dame

Victor Hugo

Inside Asia

John Gunther

Inside Africa

John Gunther

Idylls of the King

 A l fr ed Te n n y s o n

Iliad

Homer

Invisible Man

H.G. Wells

Ivanhoe

Sir Walter Scott

Jane Eyre

Charlotte Bronte

J.P.- His Biography

 A l l an an d We n d y Sc ar fe

Jungle Book

Rudyard Kipling

Jean Christopher

Romain Rolland

Julius Caesar

William Shakespeare

Kennilworth

Sir Walter Scott

Kidnapped

Robert Louis Stevenson

Kim

Rudyard Kipling

King Lear

William Shakespeare

Kipps

H.G. Wells

Le Contract Social (Social Contract)

J.J. Rousseau

Lady Chatterley's Lover

D.H. Lawrence

Lead Kindly Light Love Story Les Miserables

Vincent Shean Eric Segal Victor Hugo

Books

Lycidas Living Room Lolita L' Allegro Life of Dr. Johnson Magic Mountain Macbeth Major Barbara Man and Superman Man Eaters of Kumaon Man, the Unknown Mother Mother India Mein Kampf Murder in the Cathedral Merchant of Venice Much Ado About Nothing Mysterious Universe Marriage and Morals Nine Days Wonder Nemesis Nineteen Eighty Four Oliver Twist Of Human Bondage Odyssey One World Origin of Species Othello Old Man and the Sea Pride and Prejudice Pakistan Crisis Paradise Lost Promises to Keep Pilgrim's Progress Pygmalion Peter Pan Prince Public Persons Pickwick Papers Rain King, The Rainbow, The Reprieve Rape of the Lock

 Auth  Au th or ors s

John Milton Graham Greene V. Nobokov John Milton James Boswell Thomas Mann William Shakespeare George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw Jim Corbett Lewis Carroll Maxim Gorky Katherine Mayo  A d o l f Hi t l er T.S. Eliot William Shakespeare William Shakespeare James Jeans Bertrand Russell John Mansfield Emile Zola George Orwell Charles Dickens W. Somerset Maugham Homer Wendell Wilkie Charles Darwin William Shakespeare Ernest Hemingway Jane Austen David Loshak John Milton Chester Bowles John Bunyan George Bernard Shaw J.M. Barrie Machiavelli Walter Lippmann Charles Dickens Saul Bellow Pearl S. Buck Jean Paul Sartre  A l ex an d er Po p e

Books

Romeo and Juliet Republic Rape of Bangladesh Robinson Crusoe Rubaiyat-i-Omar Khayyam Red Star Over China Razor's Edge Rains Came Sleeping Murder Samler's Planet Scarlet Pimpernel Story of My Life Sense and Sensibility Shahnama She Stoops to Conquer St. Joan Sohrab and Rustom Shape of Things to Come Spirit of the Age Sons and Lovers Three Musketeers The Other Side of Midnight Talisman Tales from Shakespeare Tess of D'Urbervilles Treasure Island The Idiot Twelfth Night The Trumpet Major Thank You, Jeeves Triumph Time Machine Tropic of Cancer Utopia Universe Around Us Unto This Last Ulysses Upturned Soil Vicar of Wakefield Victim, The War and Peace Walking on the Water Wuthering Heights Wealth of Nations Way of All Flesh Waste Land

 Auth  Au th or ors s

William Shakespeare Plato  A n t h o n y Mas Ma s c ar en h as Daniel Defoe Edward Fitzgerald Edgar Snow W. Somerset Maugham Louis Bromefield  A g at h a Ch r i s t i e Saul Bellow Baroness Orczy Moshe Dayan Jane Austen Firdausi Oliver Goldsmith George Bernard Shaw Matthew Arnold H.G. Wells William Hazlitt D.H. Lawrence  A l ex an d er Du m as Sidney Sheldon Sir Walter Scott Charles Lamb Thomas Hardy Robert Louis Stevenson Fyodor Dostoevsky William Shakespeare Thomas Hardy P.G. Wodehouse J.K. Galbraith H.G. Wells Henry Miller Thomas Moore James Jeans John Ruskin James Joyce Mikhail Sholokhov Oliver Goldsmith Saul Bellow Leo Tolstoy Hugg Cudlipp Emily Bronte  A d a m Sm i t h Samuel Butler T.S. Eliot

/

FAMOUS BO OK S BY IN INDI DIAN AN AU AUTH TH OR S Books

 Au t ho rs

 A d h e A d h u r e  Ad  Arr t h as h as t r a  A  Ag  A g n i Par i k s h a  Au  A u t o b i o g r ap h y o f an Un k n o w n In d i an  Aii n -i -A k b ar i  A  Ass i a an d We  A Wess t er n Do m i n an c e Bhagwat Geeta Between the Lines Ba Mulahaza Hoshiar Broken Wing Coolie Chidambara Confession of a Lover Continent of Circe Chinese Betrayal Death of a City Distant Neighbours Durgesh Nandini Discovery of India Divine Life Gardener Geet Govinda Glimpses of World History Gora Gul-e-Naghma Gana Devata Gitanjali Godan Guide Harshacharita Hindu View of Life Himalayan Blunder Hungry Stones India after Nehru India Divided India Wins Freedom India from Curzon to Nehru and After I Am Not an Island India, The Critical Years India, The Wasted Years 1969-75 I Follow the Mahatma Judgement, The Jobs for the Millions

Mohan Rakesh Kautilya  Ac  A c h ar y a Tul Tu l s i Nirad C. Chaudhuri  Ab  A b u l Fazal Faz al K.M. Pannikar Maharishi Ved Vyas Kuldip Naiyar Narendra Pal Singh Sarojini Naidu Mulk Raj Anand Sumitranandan Pant Mulk Raj Anand Nirad C. Chaudhuri B.N. Mullick  Am  A m r i t a Pr i t am Kuldip Naiyar Bankim Chandra Chatterjee J.L. Nehru Swami Sivananda Rabindra Nath Tagore Jaidev J.L. Nehru Rabindra Nath Tagore Raghupati Sahai Firaq Gorakhpuri Tara Shanker Bandhopadhyaya Rabindra Nath Tagore Prem Chand R.K. Narayan Bana Bhatta Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Brigadier J.P. Dalvi Rabindra NathTagore Kuldip Naiyar Rajendra Prasad  Ab  A b u l K al am A zad za d Durga Das K.A. Abbas Kuldip Naiyar Rajinder Puri K.M. Munshi Kuldip Naiyar V.V. Giri

< r S >

\

 Auth or s

Books

Jai Shanker Prasad Bana Bhatta Sri Aurobindo Mahatma Gandhi Bhavabhuti V.V. Giri Maharishi Ved Vyas Kalidas Vishakhadutta K.P.S. Menon Uma Shanker Joshi D.F. Karaka Vishnu Sharma Nayantara Sehgal Jaya Prakash Narayan Rabindra Nath Tagore Prem Chand Maharishi Balmiki Tulsidas Kalidas Kalhan Harsh Vardhan P.V.R. Rao Morarji Desai Sunil Gavaskar Kalidas Swami Dayanand K.V. Puttappa Maithili Sharan Gupta Firdausi Bhasa Mulk Raj Anand General B.M. Kaul Ramdhari Singh Dinkar Bhavabhuti Lala Lajpat Rai Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Bankim Chandra Chatterjee K.A. Abbas Frank Moraes Vir Savarkar Maithili Sharan Gupta K.P.S. Menon V.S. Khandekar Piloo Mody

Kamayani Kadambari Life Divine My Experiments with Truth Malati Madhav My Life and Times Mahabharata Meghdoot Mudra Rakshasa Many Worlds Nisheeth Out of Dust Panchtantra Prison and Chocolate Cake Prison Diary Post Office Prem Pachisi Ramayana Ram Charita Manas Raghuvansa Raj Tarangini Ratnavali Red Tape and White Cap Story of My Life Sunny Days Shakuntala Satyarth Prakash Shri Ramayana Darshanam Saket Shahnama Swapna Vasavadatta Two Leaves and a Bud Untold Story Urvashi Uttara Ramcharita Unhappy India Vish Vriksha Vande Mataram Wall of Glass, The Witness to an Era War of Indian Independence Yashodhara Yesterday and Today Yayati Zulfi, My Friend


/

IMPORTANT PLACES (Indian and Foreign) Place

 A b u Si m b al

Location

and

Importance

Located on the bank of Nile river in Egypt, is known for the ancient rock-cut temples by Ramesses II.

 A d am ' s Bridge

The 17-mile long bridge is only a line of rocks and sand-banks between Sri Lanka and India.

 A gra

Located on the bank of the Jamuna in U.P. is known for Taj Mahal, Fort and Pearl Mosque.

 A j an ta & El lora

Located near Aurangabad in Maharashtra state are famous for the Buddhist cave temples which are ornamented with sculptures carved with paintings.

 A j m er

Located in Rajasthan is a pilgrim centre for Muslims. The tomb of Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chishti is also located here.

 A lex an d ria

 A r en o w n ed city an d s ea -p o rt of Eg y p t, f o u n d ed by A l ex an d er the Great^is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Pharos of Alexandria-a marble watch town and light house on the island of Pharos in the harbour of Alexandria—is also located here.

 A liab et

Located near Bhavnagar in Gujarat state is the site of the first offshore oil well in India.

 A ll ah ab ad

Located in Uttar Pradesh is an important place of Hindu pilgrimage for being the confluence of three rivers— the Ganga, the Jamuna and the Saraswati.

 A l way e

Located in Kerala is known for the FACT unit manufacturing fertilizers and Monazite factory.

 A m ar n at h

Located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and situated at a height of about 13000 feet is a famous Hindu pilgrim centre.

 A mrits ar

Located in Punjab is known for the Golden Temple and is remembered for the Jalianwala Bagh Tragedy.

 A n an d

Located in Gujarat State is famous for co-operative milk-dairy,  A MUL butter an d milk b ei ng th e chief p ro d u c ts .

 A n an d B h aw an

Situated in Allahabad, residence of Pt. Moti Lai Nehru is now dedicated to the Indian National Congress.

 A u r an g ab ad  Avad i

X

Located in Maharashtra state is famous for the tomb of  A u r an g ze b an d his w ife. Situated in Tamil Nadu is known for the Government-owned heavy vehicles factory.

<176>

location

of

^

/

a

c

"

 A y o d h y a Bangalore

Barauni Bethlehem Bhakra Bhilai Big Ben Bhubaneshwar Bokaro Bombay High Buland Darwaza Cape Kennedy Capitol, The Chandigarh Chittaranjan Chittorgarh Dayalbagh Detroit Delhi Dhariwal Digboi Durgapur Elephanta Empire State Building Etna Fatehpur Sikri

Location

and

Importance

It is located near Faizabad in U.P. Rama is the most important king associated with this place. It is the capital of Karnataka state. Hindustan Aircraft Factory, Indian Telephone Industries and H.M.T. factories are in this town. Situated in Bihar is known for a big oil refinery in public sector. It is in Israel and is the birth place of Jesus Christ. It is in Punjab and is known for the Bhakra Dam. Situated in Madhya Pradesh is known for the big steel plant set up with the assistance of Russia. It is the big clock installed in 1859 on the tower of British Parliament House building in London. The capital of Orissa is famous for Linga Raja Temple. Situated in Bihar is known for the Steel Plant. It is Indi a's mo st pro mi si ng o ff-s ho re oil area in Ar abian Sea. It is a gate way of Fatehpur Sikri in Agra and is known for its height (176 feet). Located in Florida (U.S.A.) is the missile launching centre and headquarters of NASA. Located in Washington houses the Senate (The Parliament of the United States of America). Joint capital of Punjab and Haryana states. Situated in West Bengal is known for the manufacture of railway locomotives. It is situated in Rajasthan and is known for Tower of Victory which was built by Rana Kumbha. It is in Agra and is famous as a religious and cultural seat of the Hind us wh o believe in Radha Swami Sect. It is a town in U.S.A. which is famous as the biggest car manufacturing place in the world. Old capital of India and is famous for its historical and religious monuments. It is in Punjab and is famous for woollen goods. It is in Assam and is known for oil fields and oil refinery. Located in West Bengal is famous for the steel plant. It is an island in Bombay harbour and famous for rock-cut caves. Located in New York is one of the world's tallest buildings. It is a volcano in Italy.  A b o u t 35 k ms. f r o m A g ra in Ut tar Pr ad es h is of to uri s t importance. The famous Buland Darwaza is located here.



Place

Ferozabad Ghazipur Gole Gumbuz Great Wall of China Hague, The Haldia Hanging Gardens of Babylon Havana Jamshedpur Jerusalem Jharia Jog Falls Kandla Konark Kremlin Ludhiana Madurai Mahabalipuram

Mathura Mecca

Monte Carlo Mount Abu Nepanagar

\

Panna

Location

and

Importance

Situated in Uttar Pradesh is known for the glass bangle industry.  A t o w n in Ut tar Pr ad es h is k n o w n fo r Go v er n m en t o p i u m factory. Located in Bijapur (Mysore) is the largest dome of the world. It is known for the world famous Whispering Gallery. The 1500-mile long fortification in China running from Kansu prov inc e to Hopeh prov inc e was built by the Chinese Emperor Shih Hawang. It is in Netherlands and is famous for the seat of the International Court of Justice. It is in West Bengal and is famous for oil refinery set up in collaboration with Romania and France. One of the seven wonders of the world. These were first planted in 603 B.C. by King Nebuchadnezzar and are located 60 miles south of Baghdad. It is the capital of Cuba and is known for the manufacture of cigars.  A n in d us trial c en tr e s it u at ed in Bihar . Ir on an d steel i n d us t ries of the Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. are located here.  A plac e of p i lg ri mag e fo r the Ch ris t ian s , J ew s an d Mu s li m s . A l  A q s a Mo s q u e an d th e Wail in g Wall ar e loc at ed her e. Located in Bihar is famous for the coal industry. They are in Karnataka and are one of the highest waterfalls in the world.  A m aj o r port in Gu jar at an d is f am o u s for fer ti lizers. Located near Puri in Orissa is known for Black Pagoda and Sun Temple. It is a large fortified citadel in Moscow. The Secretariat of the Soviet Government is located here.  A t o w n in Pu n jab is f am o u s for hosier y, c y c le an d s ew i n g machine industries.  A to w n in Tam il Nad u is f am o u s for t he Me en ak s h i Temp le. It is located near Madras and is famous for the rock-cut temples. The famous Arjuna Ratha, Draupadi Ratha and Dharmaraja chariot are also located here. It is located near Agra in U.P., is famous for the birth place of Lord Krishna. It is in Saudi Arabia and is known for being the birth place of Prophet Mohammed, the founder of Islam. It is a place of pilgrim importance for the Muslims. Located in France is known as a gambling centre. It is in Rajasthan and is famous for Jain Temples. It is in Madhya Pradesh and is known for the newsprint factory which is owned by the Government. Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for diamond mines



Location

Place

Perambur Pimpri Pushkar Rajghat

Rishikesh Rourkela Sambhar Sanchi Sarnath Shanti Van

Sindri Sriharikota Tarapore Thumba Ujjain Verrazano : Narrows Bridge Victoria Memorial : Vijay Ghat Visakhapatnam

Wall Street White House

Yellowstone

:

and

Importance

 \

Located near Madras in Tamil Nadu is known for Integral Coach Factory where passenger coaches are manufactured. Located in Maharashtra is known for the penicillin factory.  A lak e in Raj as t h an w h i c h is a plac e of pilg rimag e of the Hindus. Located on the bank of Jamuna in Delhi is the place where Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was cremated in January 1948. It is near Hardwar in Uttar Pradesh and is known for the antibiotic factory. Also a place of pilgrimage for Hindus.  A t o w n in Or is s a is k n o w n fo r steel plan t an d fer tilizer fac tory. It is a lake in Rajasthan which is famous for salt. Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Buddhist Stupas. It is near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and is a famous Buddhist pilgrim centre. Deer Park and Ashoka Pillar are located here. It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India was cremated here in May 1964. It is an industrial town of Bihar. A fertilizer factory is located here. Loc ated in An dh ra Pradesh is famo us as a satellite launching centre. It is near Mumbai in Maharashtra and is known for India's atomic power station. Located in Chittor in Rajasthan was built by Rana Kumbha in 1448 to commemorate his victory.  A n an c i en t city in Mad h y a Pr ad es h is f am o u s for Mahab al eshwar Temple. The world's longest bridge (4260 feet) between Staten Island and Brooklyn, New York. Located in Calcutta was built in memory of Queen Victoria. It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Lai Bahadur Shastri was cremated here in January 1966. It is a big harbour on the eastern coast of India in Andhra Pradesh and is famous for the ship building industry and oil refinery. Located in New York is U.S.A.'s important stock exchange market. Official residence of the American President since 1800 A.D. President John Adams was the first President of America to live here. It is U.S.A.'s oldest and largest national park. The spectacular falls and impressive canyons of the Yellow-stone River are the maior attractions here.

INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS Invention

Inventor

 A er o p l an e

Wright Brothers

 An ili ne Dy es

Hoffmann

 A ir -b r ak e (for rai l-r o ad s )

George Westing-house

 A n ti-p o li o Vac c in e

Jonas E. Salk

 A n tis ep ti c Su r g er y

Lord Joseph Lister

 A t o m B o m b

Otto Hahn

 A t o m —b r eak i n g up t h e n u c l eu s of an

Rutherford

 A t o m i c Cl o c k

Dr. Willard Frank Libby

 A t o m i c Th eo r y

Dalton

 A to m ic St ru c tu re

Bohr and Rutherford

 A u t o m o b i l e

Daimler

Barometer

Torricelli

Balloon

Montgolfier

Beri Beri—cause of

Eijkman

Bicycle

Macmillan

Blood Circulation

Harvey

Blood Transfusion

Land Steiner

Calculating Machine

Pascal

Camera

Zeiss

Cholera bacillus

Robert Koch

Chloroform

James Harrison and James Simpson

Celluloid

Parkes

Cinematography

Thomas Edison

Cosmic Rays

R.A. Millikan

Crescograph

J.C. Bose

Crystal Dynamics

C.V. Raman

Diesel Oil Engine

Rudolf Diesel

Drinker's Chamber

Dr. Philip Drinker

Dynamite

 A l f r ed No b el

Dynamo

Michael Faraday

Electric Battery

Volta

Electric Att ractio n—Fundament al, Law of

Coulomb

Electric Lamp

Edison

Electrical Energy—Measurements of

Joule, James Prescott

Electrical Resistance—Law of

Ohm

Inventor

Invention

Electricity Current

Volta

Electrons—Discovery of

J.J. Thomson

Electron Theory

Bohr

Fick's Law

Fick

Evolution—Theory of

Charles Darwin

Fountain Pen

Waterman

Film and Photographic goods

Kodak

Gas Engine

Daimler

Gramophone

Thomas Edison

Gravitation—Laws of

Newton

Glider

George Cayley

Helicopter

Igor Ivan Sikorsky— 1939

Heredity—Laws of

Gregor Mendel

Homoeopathy

Hahnemann

Hovercraft

Cockerell

Hydrogen

Cavendish

Hydrophobia

Louis Pasteur

Incandescent Bulb

Edison

Insulin (as a palliative for diabetes)

F. Banting

Intelligence Tests

Binet

Iron Lung

Dr. Philip Drinker

Jet Propulsion

Frank Whittle

Kala-azar Fever

U.N. Brahmachari

Laughing Gas

Priestley

Lever—Principle of (and of Specific Gravity)

 A r c h i m ed es

Life Boat

Henry Greathead

Lift (Power Elevator)

Otis

Lightning Conductor

Benjamin Franklin

Logarithms

John Napier

Lenses

Zeiss

Machine Gun

Dr. Gattling

Magazine of Rifle

Mauser

Malaria Parasite

Dr. Ronald Ross

Manufacture of Washing Soda

Laplanc

/

Invention

Inventor

Mechanical Equivalent of Heat

Joule

Megaphone

Edison

'Montessori' method of teaching children

Maria Montessori

Meson

Hideki Yukawa

Microphone

David Edward Hughes—1878

Microscope

Janssen (improved by Galileo)

Morse System of Electric Telegraphy

Morse

Military tank

Swinton

Motion—Law of

Newton

Multiple Proportions—Laws of

Dalton

Natural Selection—Laws of

Charles Darwin

Neon—gas

W. Ramsay

Neutron

Chadwick

Nuclear Fission

Otto Hahn

Nylon

W.H. Carothers

Paints

Shalimar

Penicillin

 A l ex an d er Fl em i n g

Periodic Law

Mendeleev

Phonograph

Edison

Photo-electric-cell-Theory of

 A . B ec q u er el

Photography

L. Daguerre

Photography (coloured)

Gabriel Lippman

Photography (Roll Films)

George Eastman

Photography (Under-sea)

Edgerton

Phototherapy

N.R. Finsen

PneumaticTyre

Dunlop

Power loom

Cartwright

Printing Press

Cutenberg

Psycho-analysis

Dr. Sigmund Freud

Quantum Theory

Max Planck

Radio-activity Artificial

Madam Joliot and Irene Curie

Radio-activity of Uranium

 A . He n r y B ec q u er el

Radar

Robert Watson Watt

Radio

Marconi

Radio Telephone

Lee De Forest

Radio Transmitter

 A l ex an d er s o n

X

<182>

Inventor

Invention

Radium

Madame Curie

Railway Engine

Stephenson

Relativity—Theory of

 A . Ei n stei n

Heart Transplantation

Christiaan Barnard

Revolver

Colt

Safety Lamp (Miner's)

Humphrey Davy

Safety Razor

Gillette

Salk Vaccine (Anti-polio)

Dr. James E. Salk

Seismograph

Robert Mallet

Sewing Machine

Elias Howe

Space Flying

Dr. Wernher Von Brown

Sextant

John Hadley

Steam Boat

Fulton

Steam Engine

James Watt

Steel Smelting Process

Sir Henry Bessemer

Stethoscope

Laennec

Submarine

John P. Holland—1875

Streptomycin

Waksman

Sulpha drugs

G. Domagk

Talkies

Lee De Forest

Telephone

 A. Gr ah am Bel l

Telescope

Hans Lippershey—1608

Telescope (Reflecting)

Newton

Television Apparatus

J.L. Baird

Thermometer

Fahrenheit

Vacuum Flask   (Trade

Name 

Thermos Flask)

James Dewar

Torpedo

Robert Whitehead

Transistor

W. Shockley

Tubercle Baccilli

Koch

Typewriter

Sholes

Uranium

 A . Hen ry B ec q u er el

Vaccination (Smallpox)

Edward Jenner

Vitamins

Funk

Vitamin D

F.C. Hopkins

Rubber, Vulcanising

Good Year

Wireless Telegraphy

Marconi

X-ray

Roentgen

Yellow fever—Causes of

Reed

/

GEOGRAPHICAL DISC OVER IES  A m u n d s en

\

Discovered South Pole in 1911.

Neil Armstrong

First person to set foot on the moon on July 21, 1969.

Byrd

Flew over the North Pole in 1926 and over the South Pole in 1929. Discovered Edsel Ford mountains and Morie Byrd Land.

Captain Cook

Discovered

Sandwich

now

called

Hawaiian

Isles

in 1770. Columbus

Discovered West Indies in 1492 and South America in 1498.

David Livingstone

Disc ov ered the Victo ria Falls, Lake Nyasa in Afr ica an d course of the Zambezi

Edmund Hillary

Joint conqueror of Mount Everest with Tenzing. In a Trans-Atlantic expedition he reached South Pole on January 3, 1958.

Ferdinand de Lesseps

Conceived the plan of the Suez Canal which was completed in 1869 through his efforts.

Kepler Johannes

Discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion in 1609.

Lindberg

Made the first solo-flight across the Atlantic from New York to Paris in 1927.

Magellan

Com man ded the first

expediti on in 1519 to sail round

the world and discovered a passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic through the straits. Marco Polo

Explored China, India, South eastern countries and published the record of his various explorations.

Nausen

Explored across Green land and reached the highest altitude in the North Polar Region till then attained.

Robert Peary Shackleton

First person to reach the North Pole in 1909.  A n A rc t ic ex p l o r er w h o rea c h ed w i t h i n 100 miles of the South Pole.

Sven Hedin

 A Sw ed i s h ex p l o rer w h o c o n tr i b u t ed to th e g eo g r ap h i c and archaeological knowledge of the large areas of Central Asia.

Tasman

 A Du tc h n av i gat o r w h o d i s c o v er ed Tas m an i a an d New Zealand in 1642.

Tenzing

The first Sherpa to reach Mount Everest on May 29, 1953 along with Edmund Hillary.

Vasco da Gama

 A Po r t u g u es e n av ig at o r w h o ro u n d ed t he Cap e of Go o d Hope and discovered the sea route to India in 1498.

(T§4)

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE \

/

 A lt im et er

Measures altitudes in an aircraft.

 A m m et er

Measures electrical currents in amperes.

 A n em o m et er

Measures the force and velocity of wind.

 A u d i o m et er

Measures intensity of sound.

 A u d i o p h o n e

Improves imperfect sense of hearing.

Barometer Callipers

Measures the atmosphere pressure.  A c o m p as s w i t h leg s m ea s u r i n g th e inside or outside diameter of bodies.

Calorimeter

Measures quantities of heat.

Carburettor

Charges

air

with

petrol

vapours

in

an

internal

combustion engine. Cardiogram

Traces the movements of the heart.

Chronometer

It is kept on board ships to measure accurate time.

Cinematograph

It consists of a series of lenses arranged to throw on a screen an enlarged image of photographs.

Compass Needle

It is used for knowing approximately the North-South direction of a place.

Crescograph

It is used for recording the growth of plants.

Drinker's Appartus

Helps in breathing in infantile paralysis.

Dynamo

It generates electricity.

Electro encephalograph

It is the technique of recording and interpreting the

(EEC)

electrical activity of the brain

Epidiascope

It is used for projecting films as well as images of opaque articles on a screen.

Fathometer Gramophone

It is used for measuring depth of the ocean.  A m ac h i n e t h at r ep r o d u c es s o u n d .

Hydrometer

It is used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.

Hydrophone

It is used for recording sound under water.

Hygrometer

It is used for measuring humidity in air.

Kymograph

It

is

used

to

record

graphically

physiological

movements, i.e., blood pressure, heart beating, study of

\

lungs etc. in living beings.

(185)

/

Lactometer

It is used for measuring the purity of milk.

Mariner's Compass

It is used to guide the sailors. Its needle always points North-South.

Micrometer

 A m i c r o m et er is an i n s t ru men t fo r m ea s u ri n g v er y s mal l distance and angles.

Microphone

Microphones

are

used

in

Radio

and

Television

broadcasting. Microscope

It is an optical instrument for magnifying objects.

Odometer

It is used to record the distance covered by wheeled vehicles.

Parachute

It is a umbrella-shaped safety device used in an emergency by the passengers of an aircraft or by paratroops during war.

Pipette

It is a glass tube with which a definite volume of liquid can be transferred.

Radar

It is used to detect the direction of an approaching aeroplane by means of radio micro-waves.

Rain Gauge

It is an apparatus to record rainfall at a particular place.

Saccharimeter

It is an instrument to determine the amount of sugar in a solution.

Seismograph Sextant Stethoscope

It is an instrument to record earthquake shocks.  A s ex tan t is an in s t ru m en t fo r fin d i n g lat itu de. It is an instrument to hear and analyse the movements of heart and lungs.

Stop Watch

It is used to record small intervals of time.

Tachometer

It is an instrument to determine speeds of aeroplanes and motor-boats.

Teleprinter

It is an instrument which prints automatically messages sent from one place to another on telegraph lines.

Telescope

It is an apparatus used for observing distant objects.

Clinical Thermometer

It is an apparatus used for measuring temperature of the human body.

<186>

/ 

STATES OF  INDIA States

\ Capitals

1.

 A n d h r a Pr ad es h

Hyderabad

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15

 A r u n ac h al Pr ad es h

Itanagar

 A s s am

Dispur

Bihar

Patna

Delhi*

Delhi*

Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh J a m m u an d   Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland

Panaji

16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

Gandhi Nagar Chandigarh Shimla Srinagar Bangalore Thiruvanathapuram Bhopal Mumbai Imphal Shillong  A i zaw l Kohima

Orissa

Bhubaneshwar

Punjab

Chandigarh

Rajasthan

Jaipur

Sikkim

Gangtok

Tamilnadu

Chennai

Tripura

 A gar t al a

Uttar Pradesh

Lucknow

West Bengal

Kolkata

New   States Chhatisgarh Jharkhand

Raipur

Uttranchal

Dehradun

Ranchi

UNION TERRITORIES Union 1.

2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

Territories

Capitals

 A n d am an an d   Nicobar Islands

Port Blair Chandigarh Silvassa Daman Kavaratti Pondicherry (Punducherry)

Chandigarh Dadra an d   Nagar Haveli Daman   and Diu Lakshadweep Pondicherry

<187>

/

COU NTR IES , NATIONALITIES, CURRENCIES &  CAPITALS

\

(ASIA) COUNTRY

NATIONALITY

 A f g h an i s t an

 A f g h an

CURRENCY

CAPITAL

afghani

Kabul

Bahrain

(^ T)

Bahraini

dinar

Manama

Bangladesh

(«HlcHI<^l)

Bangladeshi

taka

Dhaka

Bhutan

(<3?R)

Bhutani

ngultrum

Thimphu

China

(^Hl)

Chinese

yuan

Beijing

Cyprus

('MISSJ'H)

Cypriot

Cyprus pound

Nicosia

India

(Ifew)

Indian

rupee

Ne w   Delhi

Indonesia

(sj-^RKII)

Indonesian

rupiah

Jakarta

Iran

(trR)

Iranian

rial

Tehran

Iraq

(tn^)

Iraqi

dinar

Baghdad

Israeli

shekel

Jerusalem Tokyo

Israel Japan

(vHNIH)

Japanese

yen

Jordan

(W^T)

Jordanian

dinar

 A m m an

Kazakhstan

(cbvHlftvMH)

Kazakhstani

tenge

 A l m a- at a A k m o l a

North Korea

(HiaJ chlRill)

North Korean

won(KPW)

Pyongyang

South Korea

(-HIvJSM chlRill)

South Korean

won (KRW)

Seoul

Kuwait

(ffcl)

Kuwaiti

dinar

Kuwait

Laos

(eTTSITft)

Laotian

kip

Vientiane

Lebanon

(^HIH)

Lebanese

pound

Beirut

Malaysia

(Hc^RlAll)

Malaysian

ringgit

Kuala Lumpur

Maldives

(HldftcH)

Maldivian

rufiyaa

Male

Mongolian

tugrik

Ulaan Bator

Mongolia Nepal

(AMM)

Nepali

rupee

Kathmandu

Oman

(3?RFT)

Omani

rial

Muscat

Pakistan

(mfcbwiH)

Pakistani

rupee

Islamabad

Qatar

(c^ex)

Qatari

riyal

Doha

Saudi Arabian

rial   (SAR)

Riyadh

Filipino or

piso

Manila

Saudi Arabia Philippines

VM^RIAII ) (fq^FH)

Philippine Singapore

(R HII^)

Singaporean

dollar

Singapore

Sri   Lanka

(^hcichi)

Sr i   Lankan

rupee

Colombo

Syria

(faffcn)

Syrian pound

Syrian pound

Damascus

>

(188)

'

(dl^clH)

Taiwanian

dollar

Taipei

Tajikistan

Tajik

tajik rouble

Dushanbe

Thailand

Thai

baht

Bangkok

Turkey

Turk; Turkish

turkish lira

 Ankar a

United Arab

Emirates

dirham

 A b u   Dhabi

Taiwan

Emirates Uzbekistan

(vJuHRb+dM)

Uzbekistani

som (UKS)

Tashkent

Vietnam

(RWdHm)

Vietnamese

dong

Hanoi

Yemen

(TO)

Yemeni

riyal   (YER)

Sarfa

Russian

rouble

Moscow

Russia

(AFRICA)  A l ger i a  A n g o l a Botswana

3TffTen) «Ml
wft)

Burkina Faso Burundi

 Algi er s

 A l g er i an

dinar

 A n g o l an

kwanza

Luanda

Botswana

pula

Gaborone

Burkinan

franc   CFA

Ouagadougou

Burundian

burundi franc

Bujumbura

Cameroon

chH^H)

Cameroonian

franc  CFA

Yaounde

Cape Verde

cfnr crsf)

Cape Verdean

cape verde

Praia

escudo Central African

franc  CFA

Bangui

Chadian

franc  CFA

N'Djamena

Congolese

franc  CFA

Brazzaville

Djibouti

Djiboutian

djibouti franc

Djibouti

Egypt

Egyptian

pound

Cairo

Equatorial

Equatorial

franc  CFA

Malabo

Guinea

Guinean

Eritrea

Eritrean

ethiopian birr

Central Af ric an Republic

RqRdcb)

Chad

W (ctfRft)

Congo

 A s mar a

Gabon

('win)

Gabonese

franc  CFA

Libreville

Gambia

(Jlfi^AJI)

Gambian

dalasi

Banjul

Ghana

("STHT)

Ghanian

cedi

Guinea

Guinean

guinean franc

Conakry

Guinea Bissau

Guinean

peso   (GWP)

Bissau

Kenyan

kenya shilling

Nairobi

Lesothonian

loti

Maseru

Liberian

liberian dollar

Monrovia

Kenya

(^WJI)

Lesotho Liberia

X

(dl^^Rill)

<189>

 Accra

/

Madagascar

Madagascan

malagasy franc

Malawi

Malawian

kwacha  (MWK)

Lilongwe

Mali

Malian

franc  CFA

Bamako

 A n t an an ar i v o

Mauritania

(MdiPm)

Mauritanian

ouguiya

Nouakchott

Mauritius

(iftffefara)

Mauritian

mauritius rupee

Port Louis

Morocco

(Tfl^)

Moroccan

dirham   (MAD)

Rabat

Mozambican

metical

Maputo Niamey

Mozambique Niger

< Hl^vH^)

Niger-Congo

franc   CFA

Nigeria

(HljvflRm)

Nigerian

naira

Rwanda

(ycl^l)

Rwandan

rwanda franc

Kigali

dobra

Sao   Tome

Senegalese

franc  CFA

Dakar

Seychelleois

Seychelles rupee

Victoria

Somalian

somali shilling

Mogadishu

rand

Pretoria,

Sao   Tome & Principe

ftHflljq)

Senegal Seychelles

('AVIWH)

Somalia South Africa

 A b u j a

("HMiM 3UI>W>l) South African

Cape Town Sudan

Sudanese

sudanese pound/

Khartoum

dinars Tanzania

(dHvHlPfill)

Tanzanian

tanzanian shilling

Dodoma

(NORTH AMERICA)  Antigua &

( ^ y a n  Tying

 A n t i g u an

east Caribbean

Barbuda

St .  John's

dollar

Bahamas

Bahamian

bahamian dollar

Nassau

Barbados

Barbadian

barbados dollar

Bridgetown

Belize

Belizean

belize dollar

Belmopan

Canada

(ebHkSl)

Canadian

Canadian dollar

Ottawa

Cuba

(cJ^T)

Cuban

cuba peso

Havana

Dominica

(^flPlfrl)

Dominican

dollar

Roseau

Dominican  Rep. ( ^ P l c M f f r . )  Dominican

peso  oro

Santo Domingo

Grenada

(t^T^l)

Grenadian

dollar

St.  George's

Guatemala

('dl^Hldl)

Guatemalan

quetzal

Guatemala City

Haiti

Haitian

gourde

Port-au-Prince

Honduras

Honduran

lempira

Tegucigalpa

Jamaica

Jamaican

dollar

Kingston

>

(190) '

/

Mexico J

Mexican

peso

Mexico City

\

Nicaragua

(P|cbKI J3n)

Nicaraguan

cordoba

Managua

Panama

(mhihi)

Panamanian

balboa

Panama City

St .  Lucia

("#5  cjR^l)

Caribbean

dollar

Castries

Trinidad &

(1MRR XTTTg

Trinidadian

dollar

Port of   Spain

Tobago

riT^'ll)

United States

(^Hl^-s!

 A m er i c an

dollar

Washington,  D.C.

of   America

(SOUTH AMERICA)  A r g en t i n i an

 A r g en t i n a

peso

Buenos Aires

Bolivia

(sflcflEim)

Bolivian

boliviano

La Paz,  Sucre

Brazil

(sJlvjfplcH)

Brazilian

real

Brasilia

Chile

(xJl^d)

Chilean

Chilean peso

Santiago

Colombia

(cblcilf^ill)

Colombian

peso

Bogota

Ecuadorean

sucre

Quito

Guyanese

dollar

Georgetown

Paraguay

Paraguayan

guarani

Surinam

Surinamese

guilder

Paramaribo

Uruguay

Uruguayan

peso

Montevideo

Venezuelan

bolivar

Caracas

Ecuador Guyana

Venezuela

(TJ3THT)

C^H^dl)

 A su n c io n

(OCEANIA)  Au s tr al i a

(3ll^fcHA||)

 A u s t r al i an

dollar

Canberra

Fiji

(IWft)

Fijian

dollar

Suva

Marshall   Is.

(HiyTcH 3TH?.)

Marshallese

dollar

Dalap-Uliga-Darrit

Micronesia

Micronesian

dollar

Palikir

S o l o m o n Is.

S.  Islander

dollar

Honiara

dollar

No   official capital

Nauru

(Hl^ )

Nauruan

New   Zealand

(-ilyTlelu^)

New   Zealander dollar

Wellington

Tonga

(dHIl)

Tongan

Nuku'alofa

pa'anga

(EUROPE)  A l b an i a

 A l b an i an

lek

Tirana

 A n d o r r a

(dkSlVl)

 A n d o r r an

franc/peseta

 A n d o r r e la  Vella

 A u st r i a

(^iR-diJl)

 A u s t r i an

schilling

Vienna

Belarus

(cldl-M-l)

rouble

Minsk

\

Belorussian

/

.

Belgium

Belgian

franc

Brussels

Bulgaria

(
Bulgarian

lev

Sofia

Croatia

(fbll^ian)

Croatian

kuna

Zagreb

koruna

Prague

Dane/Danish

krone

Copenhagen

Estonian

kroon

Tallinn

Czechs

Czech Republic Denmark

(^HHli)

Estonia Finland

((ihHclu-d)

Finnish

markka

Helsinki

France

(wRl)

French

franc

Paris

Germany

(Tiptft)

German

deutsche mark

Berlin, Bonn

Greece

(IfRr)

Greek

drachma

Hungary

(FT^f)

Hungarian

forint

Budapest

Iceland

(yis^ i^ )

Icelander

krona

Reykjavik

Ireland

(ail^cHM)

Irishman

pound

Dublin

Italian

lira

Rome

Latvian

lats

Riga

franc

Vaduz

Lithuanian

litas

Vilnius

Luxembourger

franc

Luxembourg

Italy Latvia

(elrifclill)

Liechtenstein

( h i ^ h - w i ^ h )  Liechtensteiner

Lithuania

(fcH^aiiPiiii)

Luxembourg

 A t h en s

Malta

(Hlcril)

Maltese

lira

Valletta

Monaco

(H^chl)

Monegasque

franc

Monaco

Netherlands

Dutch

guilder

Norway

Norwegian

krone

Oslo

Pole/Polish

zloty

Warsaw

Portuguese

escudo

Lisbon

Romanian

lei

Bucharest

San   Marinese

lira

San   Marino

Slovenian

tolar

Ljubljana

Spanish

peseta

Madrid

Poland

(M^u-d)

Portugal Romania

San   Marino Slovenia

(^HlPKJl)

^RWl) (wife) Pi i ll )

Spain

 A m s t er d am

Sweden

(*5VSSH)

Swedish

k r o n a  (SEK)

Stockholm

Switzerland

(R-cldvHy^l-d)

Swiss

franc

Berne

Ukraine

(^MH)

Ukrainian

karbovanets

Kiev

British

pound sterling

London

Yugoslavian

new   dinar

Belgrade

United Kingdom ( ^ h i ^   Yugoslavia

(^ilwiRiiii)