UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL PEDRO RUIZ GALLO
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA E INDUSTRIA ALIMENTARIAS
SEGUNDA ESPECIALIDAD: GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL CURSO: HIGIENE Y SEGURIDAD AMBIENTAL DOCENTE: ING. JORGE MARTÍN MARTÍN LLOMPAR LLOMPART T CORONADO
INTEGRANTES: ING. BRAYAN RALPH CIGUEÑAS RAMÍREZ ING. CARLOS JAVIER NOÉ ODAR ARROYO
ATRAPANI EBLAS TECNOLOGÍ APARAABASTECI MI ENTO DEAGUAEN POBLACI ONESDI SPERSAS
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OBJETI VOS OS •
Objetivo General
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•
Objetivo Espe!"os
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ANTECEDENTES D#1$rss 7or,s +$ (!t(#-" +$ ') +$ &&)1# s$ 2" )t#+o tr+#(#o"&,$"t$ tr18s +$ &os s#'&os. P$ro $sts t8("#(s s$ 2" (o,$"5+o $st)+#r 3 !)%&#(r t8("#( 3 (#$"t0(,$"t$/ s-&o $" 8!o( r$(#$"t$. M)(2s +$ &s o%rs 2#st-r#(s +$ (!t(#-" +$ ') +$ &&)1# !r )so +o,8st#(o s$ or#'#"ro" !r#"(#!&,$"t$ $" E)ro! 3 As#. A s#.
HI STOR ORI A Y PERSPECTI VAS D#1$rss 7or,s +$ (!t(#-" +$ ') +$ &&)1# s$ 2" )t#+o tr+#(#o"&,$"t$ tr18s +$ &os s#'&os. P$ro $sts t8("#(s s$ 2" (o,$"5+o $st)+#r 3 !)%&#(r t8("#( 3 (#$"t0(,$"t$/ s-&o $" 8!o( r$(#$"t$. M)(2s +$ &s o%rs 2#st-r#(s +$ (!t(#-" +$ ') +$ &&)1# !r )so +o,8st#(o s$ or#'#"ro" !r#"(#!&,$"t$ $" E)ro! 3 As#. E" %s$ & +#str#%)(#-" +$ &os r$stos +$ $str)(t)rs +$ (!t(#-" +$ ') +$ &&)1# 3 $& !$rs#st$"t$ )so +$ $sts o%rs $" & 2#stor#/ s$ !)$+$ s),#r *)$ &s t8("#(s +$ (!t(#-" +$ ') +$ &&)1# +$s$,!$9%" )" !!$& #,!ort"t$ $" & !ro+)((#-" 'r(o& 3 & 1#+ $" '$"$r& $" &s 5o"s 6r#+s 3 s$,#6r#+s $" +#1$rss !rt$s +$& ,)"+o.
ATRAPANI EBLASEN ELPERÚ E& s$(tor r)r& $" $& P$r4 (o,o $" otros !s$s +$ & R$'#-"/ s$ $"()$"tr $" )" s#t)(#-" +$0(#$"t$ $s!$(#&,$"t$ $" ()"to &s (o"+#(#o"$s s"#tr#s *)$ r$*)#$r$ !r !r$s$r1r & s&)+ +$ s)s 2%#t"t$s. Ls $"7$r,$++$s *)$ 7$(t" &os !o%&+or$s 3 !r#"(#!&,$"t$ &os "#9os $,!$or" (+ + ,6s & s#t)(#-" +$ s)s 2%#t"t$s/ #,!#+#$"+o $& "or,& +$srro&&o +$ s)s (t#1#++$s 3 !or $"+$ s) s)%s#st$"(#. S$ !)$+$ s),#r *)$ &s t8("#(s +$ (!t(#-" +$ ') +$ &&)1# +$s$,!$9%" )" !!$& #,!ort"t$ $" & !ro+)((#-" 'r(o& 3 & 1#+ $" '$"$r& $" &s 5o"s 6r#+s 3 s$,#6r#+s $" +#1$rss !rt$s +$& ,)"+o. A)"*)$/ &s $!$r#$"(#s $" (!t(#-" +$ ') +$ &&)1# +$ &os !s$s (o,o Est+os U"#+os 3 A)str&#/ !)$+$" s$r )t#+s (o" +!t(#o"$s $" A,8r#( Lt#" 3 $& Cr#%$/ ,)(2s +$ $sts $!$r#$"(#s 3 4&t#,s #"1$st#'(#o"$s t#$"$" )" &#,#t+ r$&$1"(# 6r$s (o" !ro+)(tor$s !o%r$s $" &s 5o"s 6r#+s 3 s$,#6r#+s +$ & R$'#-".
C%$ ,$"(#o"rs$ &s $!$r#$"(#s +$ M8#(o ;A"3 M./ <==>?/ Brs#& ;Porto R. 3 S#&1 A./ <=@@?/ 3 &s t8("#(s +$ (!tr ') +$ "#$%&s +$srro&&+s $" C2#&$ 3 P$r4 ;S(2$,$")$r S. 3 C$r$($+ P./ <==?.
¿CÓM ÓMO SE FORMA LA NI EBLA? L "#$%& (r(t$rst#( +$ & (ost !$r)" 3 (2#&$" s$ (o"o($ (o,o Ca#ana$a 3 s$ 7or," +$%#+o *)$ &s ')s +$& P(0(o *)$ %or+$" $sos !s$s so" "or,&,$"t$ 7rs +$%#+o & (orr#$"t$ +$ H),%o&+t *)$ s$ $t#$"+$ &o &r'o +$ & (ost +$ to+o C2#&$ 3 P$r4/ tr3$"+o ')s 7rs +$& S)r 3 !or & !r$s$"(# +$& )!$&&#"' ;AFor,#$"to +$ ')s 7rs +$& 7o"+o +$& O(8"o?.
Ests
')s 7rs 2($" *)$ &s (!s #"7$r#or$s +$ & t,-s7$r so%r$ $& o(8"o 3 & !rt$ % +$ & 5o" (ost$r s$ $"7r$" ;7$"-,$"o +$ #"1$rs#-" t8r,#(? &o *)$ #,!#+$ & 7or,(#-" +$ ")%$s +$ or#'$" (o"1$(t#1o *)$ !o+r !ro1o(r &&)1#s. Est #"1$rs#-" t8r,#( or#'#" ")%$s %s 3 $st%&$s ;$strtos?/ 3 "$%&#"s *)$ !$r,"$($" 7r$()$"t$,$"t$ ($r( +$& o(8"o 3 !ro1o(" 'r4s o &&o1#5"s/ *)$ !$r,"$($" +)r"t$ 2ors $" & (ost +$& !s/ otor'"+o )" 7)$"t$ +$ ') !r &s !$rso"s +$ & 5o".
¿CUÁLESELPOTENCI ALHÍ HÍ DRI CO DE LAS NI EBLAS? Es & ("t#++ +$ ') *)$ s$ !)$+$ r$(o&$(tr +$ & "#$%& (o" )" s)!$r0(#$ +$ tr!"#$%&s ++ $" )" #"t$1&o +$ t#$,!o. G$"$r&,$"t$ s$ $!r$s $" L#tros,+. E& !ot$"(#& 2#+r(o +$ & "#$%& !)$+$ 1r#r +$ ()$r+o s) )%#((#-" '$o'r60( 3 (o"+#(#o"$s ,$t$oro&-'#(s/ (o,o s$ ,)$str $" & s#')#$"t$ t%&.
CARA RACTERÍ RÍ STI CAS DEL CAPTADO DOR E" t8r,#"os s#,!&$s/ $& !"$& (!t+or (o"s#st$ $" +os !ost$s/ +#st"(#+os < ,$tros/ $"tr$ &os ()&$s 1 +#s!)$st & +o%&$ ,&& +$ > ,$tros +$ &t)r. Estos !"$&$s tr! "#$%&s !)$+$" s$r ,-+)&os s#,!&$s/ $s +$(#r (o"7or,+os !or )" so& ,&& +$ (!t(#-"/ sost$"#+ !or +os !ost$s ;>@ , ?/ o !)$+$" s$r ,-+)&os ,4&t#!&$s/ $s +$(#r (o,!)$stos !or 1r#s ,&&s +$ (!t(#-"/ sost$"#+s !or !ost$s (o,)"$s ;= , / <K , / $t(.? ,"t$"#$"+o & or#$"t(#-" +$ &os !"$&$s $" 7or, !$r!$"+#()&r & +#r$((#-" +$& 1#$"to. E& (r#t$r#o !r s$&$((#o"r $& "4,$ro 3 t#!o +$ ,-+)&os (o"str)#r ;!"$&$s s#,!&$s/ +o%&$s/ $t(.? s$r6 +$t$r,#"+o 7)"+,$"t&,$"t$ !or & to!o'r7 +$&
ELEME MENTOSDELS LSI STEMA E& !"$& (!t+or/ $st6 (o,!)$sto !or &os s#')#$"t$s $&$,$"tos: Estr)(t)r +$ so!ort$: Est $str)(t)r $st6 (o"7or,+ !or +os o ,6s !#&r$s/ *)$ $" $st$ (so so" !ost$s +$ E)(&#!to #,!r$'"+o +$ ,$tros +$ &t)r 3 +$ +#6,$tro $" & !)"t s)!$r#or. L ("t#++ +$ !ost$s +$!$"+$ +$& "4,$ro +$ s)% )"#++$s *)$ (o,!o"'" $& !"$& (!t+or. A+$,6s/ (o,!o"$" $st $str)(t)r &os (%&$s +$ sost8" +$ &os !ost$s/ *)$ s$ s)$t" & s)$&o !or ,$+#o +$ "(&$s !r$7%r#(+os. E&$,$"to +$ (!t(#-": L s)!$r0(#$ (!t+or $st6 (o,!)$st !or )" +o%&$ ,&&/ +$ < > ,$tros ;!ro.
RENDI MI ENTO L !ro+)((#-" "$t +$ )" (o&$(tor 1r +$!$"+#$"+o +$ & 7r$()$"(# +$ & "#$%& 3 +$ s) +$"s#++. L ("t#++ +$ ') $" )" ,$tro (4%#(o +$ "#$%& s$ $t#$"+$ !rt#r +$ K/K 'r,os t"to (o,o 'r,os. E" $& (so +$ C2)"')"'o/ &os (o&$(tor$s +$ & "#$%& r$(o&$(tro" )" !ro,$+#o +$ &#tros +$ ') !or $& ,$tro ()+r+o +$ r$(o'$r & s)!$r0(#$ !or +. E" & (o"0')r(#-" #"#(#&/ K (o&$(tor$s 'r"+$s +$ >@ ,$tros ()+r+os (+ )"o !ro+)$ro" )" !ro,$+#o +#r#o +$ ($r( +$ <
ELCLI MA Y SUS FACTOR ORES E& !ot$"(#& !r $tr$r $& ') +$ & "#$%& $s )" 7)"(#-" +$ & ("t#++ +$ ') *)$ (o"t#$"$ 3 & 1$&o(#++ +$& 1#$"to. E& (o"t$"#+o $" ') +$ & "#$%& +$!$"+$ +$ s) &t#t)+. L 7r$()$"(# +$ & o()rr$"(# +$!$"+$ +$ & (#r()&(#-" t,os78r#( r$'#o"&/ +$ & t$,!$rt)r +$& ') +$& o(8"o 3 +$ & $st%#&#++ 3 +$ & #"t$"s#++ +$ &os !ro($sos +$ & #"1$rs#-" t8r,#(. S# $& 7$"-,$"o (&#,6t#(o *)$ !ro+)($ & "#$%& $s $st%&$/ & "#$%& 7or,r6 r$')&r,$"t$/ s#" $,%r'o s) (o,!ort,#$"to !)$+$ 1r#r !rt#r +$ )" 6r$ otr 3 &s 1r#(#o"$s $st(#o"&$s $s!$(0(s *)$ !)$+$" o()rr#r. E" & (ost +$& s)+o$st$ +$ A,8r#( +$& s)r/ $s!$(#&,$"t$ $" C2#&$/ & (o"+#(#-" "#$%& *)$ !ro+)($ $s (o"st"t$ tr18s +$& 9o.
FACTOR ORESGEOG OGRÁFI COS OS Los 1#$"tos !$rs#st$"t$s !rt#r +$ )" +#r$((#-" so" #+$&$s !r & (o&$((#-" +$ & "#$%&. U" (,!o +$ +)"s o +$ )" ,o"t9 *)$ s$ &$1"t$ &o s)0(#$"t$ so" "$($sr#os !r #"t$r($!tr &s ")%$s +$ & "#$%& *)$ 1"5" $" & r$'#-". L r$'#-" +$ & ")%$ +$& strto(),)&)s/ *)$ t#$"$ "or,&,$"t$ $& (o"t$"#+o &*)#+o ,6s &to/ $st6 $"tr$ >KK , & +#r$((#-" +$& 1#$"to *)$ tr$ & ")%$ 3 & "#$%& +$& o(8"o. S$ +$%$ #"t$"tr tr%r &o ,6s ($r( +$ & (ost (o,o s$ !os#%&$/ #+$&,$"t$ #&-,$tros/ !$ro &s !os#%#&#++$s $#st$" 2st &os #&-,$tros 2(# $& #"t$r#or. Es ,)3 #,!ort"t$ *)$ "o 23 o%st6()&o #,!ort"t$ & 1#$"to +$"tro +$
I MPOR ORTANCI A E" &s 5o"s +o"+$ & &&)1# $s ,)3 $s(s/ & (!t(#-" 3 &,($",#$"to +$ & !r$(#!#t(#-" "o $s 7(t#%&$. A!rt$ +$ &s 7)$"t$s +$ ') $" &s 5o"s 6r#+s 3 s$,#6r#+s t&$s (o,o ros/ &'os o & &&)1#/ $#st$ )" 'r" +$!-s#to "t)r& +$ ') %o & 7or, +$ 1!or +$ ')/ s$ 1!or +$ & t,-s7$r/ +$ & $1!or(#-" +$s+$ $& s)$&o o tr"s!#r(#-" +$ &s !&"ts/ o ,6s 7r$()$"t$,$"t$: ro(o 3 "#$%&. L +#7$r$"(# (o" *)$&&s 7)$"t$s +$ ')/ $s *)$ $st 7or, +$ ') $s +#7(#& +$ (!tr/ $s +$(#r r$&t#1,$"t$ s-&o )" !$*)$9o !or($"t$ +$ ro(o o "#$%& !)$+$ s$r (!t+o/ !$ro !)$+$ s#'"#0(r )" !ort$ s)0(#$"t$ (o,o !r (o"s#+$rr&o. E" &')"os &)'r$s & (o,%#"(#-" +$ (o"+#(#o"$s ,$t$oro&-'#(s 3 & to!o'r7 (r$" & $#st$"(# +$ "#$%&s
PRE RECI PI TACI ÓN DE LA NI EBLA Co,o (o"o($,os/ & !rt$ 7)"+,$"t& !r $& (#(&o 2#+ro&-'#(o/ $s/ s#" +)+/ &s !r$(#!#t(#o"$s/ 3 s$ +$ 7or, +$ 'ots +$ ')/ o t,%#8" !or "#$1$. Ls !r$(#!#t(#o"$s so" &s $"(r'+s +$ r$')&r &os +$,6s t#!os +$ 7)$"t$s ;') s)!$r0(#&$s 3 s)%t$rr6"$s?/ !$ro (o,o $#st$ )" 7$"-,$"o (o"o(#+o (o,o !r$(#!#t(#-" o()&t/ o ,$or (o"o(#+o (o,o ro(o. S$ &$ &&, !r$(#!#t(#-" o()&t 3 *)$/ &os $st)+#os 3 ,$+#(#o"$s +$ & &&)1#/ so" !r#"(#!&,$"t$ $"7o(+os & #"t$"s#++ 3 +)r(#-" +$ & (+ +$ ') $" 7or, +$ 'ots/ s#$"+o r$&$'+o $" s$')"+o !&"o $& ro(o/ *)$ $s $& !ro+)(to +$ & (o"+$"s(#-" +$& ') *)$ s$ $"()$"tr $" $& ,$+#o ,%#$"t$/ $sto/ )"+o )" %r)s(o (,%#o +$ t$,!$rt)r/ + (o,o r$s)&t+o $st$ !rt#()&r 7$"-,$"o "t)r&
LA MA MALLA Es )" o%$to +$ !&6st#(o o ,$t& *)$ $1#t & %sor(#-" +$ ()&*)#$r &*)#+o $" s) $str)(t)r &o *)$ & 2($ #+-"$ $" $& tr"s!ort$ 3 (o"t$"(#-" +$ &*)#+os/ 2or %#$"/ & !&"t$r (o,o 2($r *)$ $& ') +#s!$rs *)$ $st6 $" $& ,%#$"t$ $" 7or, +$ "#$%& o ro(o s$ r$(o&$(t+/ s$ !ro!o"$ )" ,&& !r$(#s,$"t$ 2$(2 +$ $st$ ,t$r#&/ (o" &')"s !ro!#$++$s $trs !r r$s#st#r &s (o"+#(#o"$s (&#,6t#(s 3 ,#,#5r & r$(o&$((#-" +$ ') !ot%&$ 3 (o" )" +#6,$tro $" s)s s$!r(#o"$s ,6s !$*)$9o *)$ &s 'ots *)$ (#r()&" $" $& ,%#$"t$ !r *)$ $sts s) !so *)$+$" tr!+s $" $& s#st$,.
ELTEJI DO DE LA MA MALLA L ,3or +$ &os (o&$(tor$s t#$"$" )" ,&& +$ tr((#-" 1$rt#(&. S#" $,%r'o/ $stos !rotot#!os %6s#(os r$*)#$r$" )r'$"t$,$"t$ s$r ,o+$r"#5+os/ !r#"(#!&,$"t$ tr18s +$ ")$1s 7or,s +$ t$#+os 3 t#!os +$ ,r(os/ s#')#$"+o s#$,!r$ &os !r#"(#!#os +$ &#'$r$5/ !ort%#&#++ 3 !o&$"(#. Por $$,!&o/ $& &#$"5o $" )" (o&$(tor +$ "#$%& (o"1$"(#o"& to, s) $$ ($"tr& $" (+ )"o +$ s)s rt#()&(#o"$s 3 (o,o r$s)&t+o to+o $& s#st$, s$ 1)$&1$ 1)&"$r%&$. D$s!)8s +$ 1r#s #"1$st#'(#o"$s $" A&$,"#/ s$ 2 $!&or+o $& r$"+#,#$"to r$&t#1o r$&t#1o $" s)!$r0(#$s !&"s !r&$&s (o" s#st$,s !o+r#(os 3 (o" 2)$&& 2$'o"&/ (o" $& 0" +$ ),$"tr $& r$"+#,#$"to +$ ') r$(o'#+ $" $stos s#st$,s.
CONCLUSI ONES: S$
(o"(&)3$ *)$ & #,!&$,$"t(#-" +$ s#st$,s tr!"#$%&s $" +#st#"ts 5o"s +$& !s/ (o,o t$("o&o' &#,!# $s )" &t$r"t#1 +$ so&)(#-" !ro%&$,s so(#&$s/ +$ s&)+/ s"#tr#os/ *)$ (o"tr#%)#r" & +#s,#")(#-" +$ !o%r$5 $" $& !s 3 *)$ %r" )" %r$(2 2(# $& (,%#o t$("o&-'#(o ,#'%&$ & ,$+#o ,%#$"t$.
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!ro!)$st +$%$ #r ,6s &&6 +$ )" s#st$, &t$r"t#1o +$ r$(o&$((#-" +$& r$()rso 2+r#(o/ (o"s#st$ $" +$srro&&r )" $strt$'# #"t$'r& *)$ (o"tr#%)3 t"to & r$+)((#-" +$ &s 'r"+$s #"$*)#++$s $" s&)+/ $" & +#str#%)(#-" +$& ') &#,!# !ot%&$/ (o,o & (),!&#,#$"to +$ &s ,$ts +$& ,#&$"#o/ ,$+#"t$ $& ') +$ tr!"#$%&s/ r$7or$st(#-"/ %#o2)$rtos/ !&"ts/ "t#1s/ r$+)((#-" +$ For$s/
RECOM OMENDACI ONES:
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S$ !o+r #"#(#r o%s$r1(#o"$s +$ & !r$s$"(# +$ "#$%& $" &os &)'r$s +$ $st)+#o 0" +$ !o+$r +$t$r,#"r (o" ,$or !r$(#s#-" &os +s"#$%&.
S$ s)'#$r$ 1r#r &s 5o"s +$ #"st&(#-" +$ &os tr!"#$%&s (o" $& 0" +$ t$"$r )" ,$or #+$ +$ & (!t(#-" +$ ') +$ "#$%& *)$ s$ o%t$"+r $" otros s#t#os.
S$ !o+r t$"$r $" ()$"t )" r$&(#-" +$ ("t#++ +$ "#$%& (!t+ (o"tr +$"s#++
Es #,!ort"t$ (o"s#+$r & (o&%or(#-" #"t$r+#s(#!&#"r# (o" otros #"1$st#'+or$s 0" +$ (o"o($r ,6s $st$ 7$"-,$"o !r !o+$r +$t$r,#"r (r(t$rst#(s 7s#(s 3 *),#(s ;t,9o +$ &s 'ots +$ ')/ (o"($"tr(#-" !or , / (o"t$"#+o &*)#+o/ (#+$s/ $t(.?
