Atoll_3.2.1_Crosswave

CrossWave Propagation Model Version 4.3.0

© Forsk 2015

Confidential – Do not share without prior permission

Slide 1

Training Programme

1.

CrossWave Overview

2.

Installing CrossWave

3.

Configuring CrossWave

4.

About Micro-cell Propagation Modelling

5.

Using the Point Analysis Tool

6.

CrossWave Model Calibration

7.

Analysing CrossWave Performance

8.

CrossWave Model Key Points

© Forsk 2015


Slide 2

CrossWave Overview (1/3)

CrossWave is the Atoll version of the Orange Labs propagation model Developed by Orange Labs Distributed and supported by Forsk as an option to Atoll

High performance universal propagation model All wireless technologies supported from 200 MHz to 5 GHz • GSM, UMTS, CDMA, LTE, WiFi, WiMAX...

Any kind of cell type • Macro-cell, micro-cell, pico-cell...

All propagation situations and environments • Urban or rural areas , mountainous, hilly or flat areas...

Proven and field-tested Statistically pre-calibrated using measurements from different countries and environment types

Possibility to tune the model using CW measurements

© Forsk 2015


Slide 3


CrossWave provides realistic modelling by combining the 3 following propagation phenomena: Vertical and horizontal diffraction Horizontal guided propagation (“canyon effect”) Reflection on mountains

© Forsk 2015


Slide 4


CrossWave supports the same type of geo data files as the other propagation models in Atoll Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Clutter classes Clutter heights (DHM)

Additionally, it also supports specific geo data maps for more accurate calculations (optional) 3D building vectors (.tab format) Line vectors (.tab format) for railway track predictions Morphologies, facets and graphs (CrossWave-specific data)

Crosswave will pre process the Geo data to use in the propagation model © Forsk 2015


Slide 5

Training Programme

1.

CrossWave Overview

2.


3.


4.


5.


6.


7.


8.


© Forsk 2015


Slide 6

2. Installing CrossWave

CrossWave installation The model is an independent software with its own installation setup • “Setup_CrossWaveXXX.rYYYY.exe” enables you to install the XXX version of the CrossWave model (build YYYY) on the Atoll platform

• The recommended installation folder is: C:\Program Files\CrossWave

Each new version is backward compatible with previous versions CrossWave uses a software-based security system, which requires a valid license. Two types are available: • Stand-alone license (based on the MAC address of the computer) • Floating license (using a license server)

After installation The CrossWave propagation model is directly available in Atoll

Some specific advanced settings can be configured in the CrossWave.ini configuration file (available in the installation folder)

© Forsk 2015


Slide 7

Training Programme

1.

CrossWave Overview

2.


3.


4.


5.


6.


7.


8.


© Forsk 2015


Slide 8

3. Configuring CrossWave

Starting with CrossWave Geo Tab Settings Calculation Tab Settings Propagation Tab Settings Advanced Tab Settings

© Forsk 2015


Slide 9

Starting with CrossWave (1/2)

CrossWave integrates seamlessly into Atoll alongside other propagation models CrossWave settings can be accessed from the “Parameters” explorer Recommendation: duplicate the default “Atoll CrossWave Model” and rename it

To access the CrossWave settings

CrossWave version (to be specified for any demand to the Forsk support team)

© Forsk 2015


Slide 10

Starting with CrossWave (2/2)

CrossWave settings Four different tabs are defined:

Geo • To specify the geo data to be used by the model

Calculation • To define options affecting the path loss matrices calculation

Propagation • To set specific propagation parameters (indoor, horizontal propagation, environment effects...)

Advanced • For railway calculation mode and antenna relocation settings

© Forsk 2015

the


Slide 11

Geo Tab Settings (1/15)

Inputs definition (1/2) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) • This source is mandatory

Clutter classes Clutter heights • Clutter heights data specified in the project • Not used by CrossWave in areas where 3D building vectors are available

3D building vectors • Optional but highly recommended in urban areas • There is no need to import this type of data into the Atoll platform • The import can be done via the CrossWave settings

© Forsk 2015


Slide 12


Inputs definition (2/2) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Clutter classes • Optional but highly recommended • Each clutter class has to be mapped to a certain type (“water”, “forest”, “building”, or “other”) for specific optimisation (maritime, forest…) • If there is no data available for a class, specify the type as “undefined” • Selecting “Building” type allows you to specify outdoor to indoor propagation losses • The average height of each clutter class is taken from the Atoll clutter classes’ properties

Clutter heights 3D building vectors

© Forsk 2015


Slide 13


Building clutter type configuration (optional) In the ‘Undefined’ configuration, CrossWave will use a pre calibrated method to calculate losses. For a manual configuration, the two following columns should be filled: • Outside->Inside (dB): additional loss to receivers located inside the building as the signal passes through the building walls. • Inside->Inside (dB/m): additional path loss as the signal propagates inside the building

© Forsk 2015


Slide 14


How to import 3D building vectors into CrossWave (1/3) 3D building vector files must be in the MapInfo .TAB format Valid 3D Building vectors files contain at least two columns: • Polygon_Type: valid values in this column include “Buildings”, “Forest”, “Water”, or “Bridge”

• AMSL or AGL: define buildings heights (Above Mean Sea Level or Above Ground Level) • By default, values are in meters • To use values in feet, the column names must be AMSL_FEET or AGL_FEET

In addition, the following optional column can be used to improve specific diffraction modelling close to bridges: • Bridge_Thickness: contains the thickness of the bridge deck (in meters) from the top of the bridge polygon. • If the value is 0, the bridge is not considered as an obstacle • If there is no value, or if the value exceeds the bridge polygon height, the bridge polygon is considered as a solid building © Forsk 2015


Slide 15


How to import 3D building vectors into CrossWave (2/3)

Error when adding the 3D building vector file !

Document -> Properties -> Coordinates

Get the “Atoll Coordinate System” code

Update the Atoll.ini file

© Forsk 2015


Slide 16


How to import 3D building vectors into CrossWave (3/3) Go back to the CrossWave settings

Select once again the vector file to be added

The 3D building vector file is now available

© Forsk 2015


Slide 17


CrossWave’s accuracy depends on the available geo data

Minimum requirements Standard configuration

Advanced configuration Optimum configuration

DTM Clutter classes Building raster (clutter heights) 3D building vectors

CrossWave model accuracy

From imported geo data, you can generate CrossWave-specific geo data Morphologies Graphs Facets

© Forsk 2015


Slide 18


CrossWave-specific geo data (1/3) Morphologies • Representation of the ground specific to the CrossWave model • Generated from DTM and clutter classes • Used by the model to determine in which geographical context the prediction is performed (special optimisation coefficients are applied depending on context) • Highly recommended: improve model speed calculation and accuracy Morphologies creation from clutter classes and DTM FOREST-RELIEF

OPEN_FLAT FOREST-FLAT

URBAN_FLAT SUBURBAN_FLAT

Clutter classes imported from the Atoll platform © Forsk 2015


Slide 19


CrossWave-specific geo data (2/3) Facets • Allow to model reflection phenomena on mountains in a macro-cellular context • Generated from DTM • Facet calculation is only relevant if the project area terrain is hilly enough to generate reflections

•

If the terrain is not hilly enough, the model considers that reflection is not significant ant the facets generator displays a warning message

Limitations:

• The transmitter and the receiver must not be in visibility (no line of sight) • Facets are not available in urban environment when 3D building vectors are used

© Forsk 2015


Slide 20


CrossWave-specific geo data (3/3) Graphs • Allow to model guided propagation (canyon effect) in urban environments (micro-cellular context) • Generated from 3D building vectors

© Forsk 2015


Slide 21


Generating morphologies (1/2) Each clutter class has to be mapped to one of the default CrossWave-specific clutter classes • “Open”, “Forest”, “Suburban”, “Urban”, “Dense Urban”

A pre-processing is then required to generate morphologies • This has to be done only once

Define the file to be generated and its location

Start generating the morphologies

© Forsk 2015


Slide 22


Generating morphologies (2/2) 10 different morphologies can be generated according to the available DTM and clutter classes maps

Definition of the different morphologies • Dense urban: high density collective or individual construction, areas with dense development (city centres, groups of skycrapers, or high towers) • Urban: average density collective or individual construction, areas with medium development (groups of medium towers, areas including buildings with large footprints, or dense industrial areas)

• Suburban: low density collective or individual construction (residential estates, villages, or medium industrial areas) • Forest: high vegetation and forested land with a closed tree canopy • Open: areas with little or no habitation or vegetation (agricultural fields, parks, water areas, motorways)

© Forsk 2015


Slide 23


Generating facets Define the file to be generated and its location

Start generating the facets

RESULTS Case 2: file generated

Case 1: file not generated (flat area)

© Forsk 2015


Slide 24


Generating graphs Define the file to be generated and its location

Start generating the graphs RESULT: .TAB file that enables CrossWave to model the “canyon effect”

© Forsk 2015


Slide 25


Low resolution mode Reduces processing time at the expense of result detail

Default clutter height If no surface information data sources are available in your project (3D building vectors, clutter classes, clutter heights), specify an average surface height

© Forsk 2015


Slide 26

Calculation Tab Settings (1/3)

Profiles

Profiles extraction:

- If radial mode is NOT selected: CrossWave extracts a profile for each bin of the matrix (increases computation time!) - If radial mode is selected (recommended), then:

CrossWave associates a profile with several points (depending on the resolution) To achieve that, CrossWave selects the closest profile by orthogonal projection Ex: In a square calculation zone of n pixels long:

dA dB The radial mode is the only parameter recommended to use in this tab 4n-4 profiles in radial-mode n² profiles extracted, otherwise

© Forsk 2015


Slide 27


Dual resolution mode (not recommended) Dual resolution mode allows you to reduce processing time by using a lower resolution matrix beyond a specified distance from the transmitter. This setting can be used to simulate an extended matrix if the transmitter is only configured in Atoll with a main matrix. When working with CrossWave “dual resolution mode”: The “Distance threshold” represents the distance from which the model changes the path loss matrix resolution, using one of these two methods: - If the “Use 2 * automatic resolution” option is selected, CrossWave doubles the resolution specified in the transmitters properties. - Otherwise, CrossWave uses the “user-defined secondary resolution”.

© Forsk 2015


Slide 28


Antenna backward calculation (not recommended)

Feature to reduce the calculation area behind the antenna (increases processing speed):

Calculated pixels Non calculated pixels Boundary of the zone to be calculated Azimuth Azimuthally distance Recoil distance (user defined value) Note: Recoil distance limited to 30% of the distance along the azimuth.

© Forsk 2015


Slide 29

Propagation Tab Settings (1/5)

3D building propagation Options available only if the calculation area contains 3D building vector information

Additional extraction distance behind the receiver to take into account potential reflections due to buildings beyond the receiver

To assume the receiver is placed on the bridge (if not selected, the model considers than the receiver is under the bridge, at ground level)

(in meters, 0 by default, the value must be contained in the interval [0-300]) To specify the distance beyond which the graphs component is no longer used (in meters, 1500 by default, the value must be contained in the interval [0-2000])

© Forsk 2015


Slide 30


Parameters Select Calculate on water to include areas over water in the propagation results. If not selected, no calculation is performed for water areas To take into account horizontal diffraction instead of vertical diffraction when the signal is mainly diffracted on the side of the obstacle

If the receiver is assumed to be on top of building, there won’t be any building penetration loss

© Forsk 2015


Slide 31


Parameters Use clutter types (with clutter heights): If clutter classes and clutter heights are selected in the Geo tab, this option specifies whether the clutter height data models buildings or vegetation in association with the clutter type assignments Specify an Additional loss (in dB) if a correction has to be added to the total loss of the model (i.e. offset)

Environment effects Forest optimisation: to calculate path loss attenuation through vegetation instead of considering it as an obstacle that causes diffraction. This option provides improved propagation results. Maritime optimisation: provides a specific optimisation in case of propagation over water surfaces.

© Forsk 2015


Slide 32


Indoor propagation settings (1/2) To activate the building penetration feature (if the option is not ticked, CrossWave only calculates outdoor pixels): • Select Model-defined losses to use default penetration values (which take into account incidence angles and frequency band) • Select User-defined losses to use your own values for building penetration loss

• If the project contains 3D building vector files with penetration values, you can select Losses from 3D building vectors • Select Losses from clutter classes settings to use the penetration loss values that are defined in the CrossWave Clutter Settings dialogue box

© Forsk 2015


Slide 33


Indoor propagation settings (2/2) CrossWave can calculate outdoor coverage for transmitters that are located inside buildings.

Inside -> Outside: specifies the additional loss (in dB) to receivers located outside the building as the signal passes through the building walls Inside -> inside: specifies the additional loss (in dB/m) as the signal propagates inside the building

Another option is to define the losses in the 3D vector file. In this configuration, Losses from 3D building vectors should be enabled.

© Forsk 2015


Slide 34

Penetration Loss With 3D Vector Data (Optional) (1/2)

Penetration losses can be manually defined in the 3D Vector file by adding new columns Outdoor to Indoor coverage: Activate calculation and Losses from 3D building vectors should be enabled Additional columns are required in the vector file • Out_In___Mhz: Outside to Inside additional loss from frequency “low” to frequency “high”

• In_In___Mhz: Inside to Inside additional loss from frequency “low” to frequency “high” • If no specific frequency range is needed, the fields Outside_Inside and Inside_Inside can be used instead

Indoor to Outdoor coverage

Losses from 3D building vectors should be enabled Additional columns are required in the vector file • Dep_In_Out___Mhz: Inside to Outside additional loss from frequency “low” to frequency “high” • Dep_In_In_< __Mhz: Inside to Inside additional loss from frequency “low” to frequency “high” • If no specific frequency range is needed, the fields Dep_Outside_Inside and Dep_Inside_Inside can be used

Multiple frequency ranges can be considered by adding the fields with different frequency range.

© Forsk 2015


Slide 35

Penetration Loss With 3D Vector Data (Optional) (2/2)

Outdoor to Indoor example Mandatory configuration to consider outdoor to indoor losses from 3D vector file

Additional columns to cover two frequency ranges from 800 to 1000 MHz and from 1800 to 2200 MHz

Mandatory configuration to consider indoor to outdoor losses from 3D vector file

© Forsk 2015


Slide 36

Advanced Tab Settings (1/2)

To audit antenna location and work with railways coverage To audit antennas location If the option is ticked, CrossWave will: 1. Check all in-building transmitters 2. Calculate a new (Dx;Dy) or height for each inside antenna

3. Generate a text file named AntennaCorrection.txt in the result directory Roof distance

Facade distance

Note: When using this option, CrossWave does not calculate any matrix but only creates a text file. Do not forget to clear this option after having used it...

To work with train option Enables to calculate corrections along vectors while the receiver is in a train

© Forsk 2015


Slide 37


Railways coverage setup • Use railway tracks to enable railway mode • Calculate only along railway tracks in the area defined by the Track width • Track width: width of the area along railway track 50 m

• Train type: different indoor propagation applied • In Settings, add Railway data in a .tab format

© Forsk 2015


Slide 38


Railway track data • Use a linear mapinfo file (.tab) • Add the field ‘Train_Type’ to considerer different penetration conditions (train, train_tunnel, train_viaduct…)

The RX level displayed corresponds to an indoor level in side the train © Forsk 2015


Slide 39

Training Programme

1.

CrossWave Overview

2.


3.


4.


5.


6.


7.


8.


© Forsk 2015


Slide 40


CrossWave operates in both micro-cellular and macro-cellular contexts CrossWave automatically determines for each transmitter whether it is in a micro-cellular context or not according to the following criteria: • The antenna height must be inferior to the height of 50% of buildings within a 200m square • A minimum of 30 buildings is required within this 200m radius

Depending on the transmitter context, CrossWave uses different input data

Micro-cellular context

Macro-cellular context

Morphologies used

Morphologies used

Graphs used (3D building vectors needed)

Graphs ignored

Facets ignored

Facets used (if existing and if no 3D building vectors nearby)

Micro-cell-specific coefficients are used

Macro-cell-specific coefficients are used

When calibrating CrossWave, it is recommended to include CW measurements from calibration sites in a micro-cellular context • Allows to fine-tune the pre-calibrated coefficients associated to this context © Forsk 2015


Slide 41

Training Programme

1.

CrossWave Overview

2.


3.


4.


5.


6.


7.


8.


© Forsk 2015


Slide 42

Using the Point Analysis Tool (1/2)

The Point Analysis tool allows you to get, at any point on the map, valuable information such as: The profile between a reference transmitter and a receiver The value of signal levels of the surrounding transmitters A quality and interference analysis for any technology

Elements in the profile view are displayed with specific colors Forest are displayed in green, bridges in black, and water in blue Macro-cell transmitters are displayed in red while micro-cell transmitters are displayed in orange © Forsk 2015


Slide 43

Using the Point Analysis Tool (2/2)

You can also generate a detailed report with the following items General Information • The name, frequency, azimuth, tilt and type of the transmitter (micro/macro)

Transmitter-Receiver • Location, distance, and angles between the transmitter and the receiver

Diffraction Edges • The positive and negative diffraction edges between the transmitter and the receiver

Result Information • The path loss summary for the profile

© Forsk 2015


Slide 44

Training Programme

1.

CrossWave Overview

2.


3.


4.


5.


6.


7.


8.


© Forsk 2015


Slide 45

4. CrossWave Model Calibration

CrossWave Calibration Overview Requirements Guidelines for CW Measurements Working with CW Measurements CW Measurements Pre-processing

Calibration / Verification Stations CrossWave Tuning

© Forsk 2015


Slide 46

CrossWave Calibration Overview (1/2)

CrossWave can work without calibration with reasonable accuracy Model’s default parameters are obtained from a high number of CW measurements around the world

However, tuning CrossWave allows to boost its performance, especially in complex environments Atoll enables you to use available CW measurements to tune CrossWave and make it as close to real propagation measures as possible

The CrossWave model calibration process entails three main procedures: Collecting CW (Continuous Wave) measurement data • Site location • Constructing test platform • Drive test

Importing the CW measurement data into Atoll • Calibration sites must be created in Atoll first

Calibrating the model

© Forsk 2015


Slide 47

CrossWave Calibration Overview (2/2)

Multi-frequency calibration A single CrossWave model can operate over multiple frequency bands • You can calibrate a unique model for 900MHz and 2100 MHz, for instance • The same propagation model can therefore be allocated to all transmitters, regardless of their frequency band

Performance on each frequency band separately is similar to the one obtained with two separate “mono-frequency” propagation models Dual-frequency calibration (900/2100 MHz, for example) increases accuracy for predictions on an intermediate frequency band (1800Mhz) as CrossWave can extrapolate propagation coefficients

© Forsk 2015

CW measurements at 2100MHz

CW measurements at 900MHz


Slide 48

Requirements (1/2)

Accurate and recent geo data DTM and clutter classes • Resolution ≤ 20m for urban areas, 50 m for rural areas • Default clutter heights should be defined

3D building vector maps and/or DHM raster maps • Optional but highly recommended

Pre-processed geo data (morphologies, facets, graphs)

CW measurements Site selection (for each area type – frequency band) • 8 recommended (6 minimum ) sites for calibration • 1 or 2 sites for verification

Selection of different area types representative of the studied city • All main clutter classes should be represented

CW surveys must be performed by stringently following guidelines © Forsk 2015


Slide 49

Requirements (2/2)

Drive Test data Possible but not recommended! Conversion to CW measurements is needed

Downsides Real network is measured  interference Several frequencies are measured Directional antennas  accuracy of pattern (only a few points are relevant) Low sampling rate for each measured station (Lee criterion can’t be met) Signal measured over a short distance from the transmitter (model will not be calibrated for interference evaluation)

 It is not recommended to use Drive Test data to calibrate a propagation model

© Forsk 2015


Slide 50

Guidelines for CW Measurements: Site Preselection Criteria

Surrounding Very representative of area type • Major clutter classes equally represented

No major obstruction within a radius of 150 to 200m from the CW sites Low diffraction within a 10km radius (rural zones) Enough roads all around the site

Inspection on site Possibility to set up omnidirectional antenna • No obstacle on any side

Panoramic photographs Report site details: precise height, coordinates...

© Forsk 2015


Slide 51

Guidelines for CW Measurements: Survey Route Criteria

Distance Up to noise floor of the receiver • Rural ± 10kms / Suburban ± 2kms / Urban ± 1km

Equal number of samples near and far in all directions

Clutter Routes through major clutter classes Avoid forests and lakes between transmitter and receiver

Maps Supply vector maps of survey routes to import in Atoll

Check that survey routes and roads (vector data or scanned maps) match!

© Forsk 2015


Slide 52

Guidelines for CW Measurements: Radio Criteria (1/2)

Frequency 3 contiguous unused channels for GSM 1 unused carrier for UMTS

Only one channel must be measured Interference must be checked before each drive

Equipment data Antenna patterns + downtilt + azimuth (if not perfectly omnidirectional) Antenna height + transmit power + transmission gain (antenna) and losses (feeder) Receiver height + sensitivity + reception gain and losses

© Forsk 2015


Slide 53

Guidelines for CW Measurements: Radio Criteria (2/2)

Signal measurement Lee criterion: at least 36 samples over 40λ (for f ≥ 900 MHz) • Maximum vehicle speed depends on equipment’s sampling rate Sampling Rate at 900 MHz

Sampling Rate at 2100 MHz

(samples per second)

(samples per second)

45

100

60

68

150

90

90

200

120

113

250

150

Max. Speed (km/h)

Averaging samples over 40λ aims to remove fast fading effect !

Measurements after averaging At least 5000 points per site (typically between 10000 and 20000 points) In addition, CrossWave requires a minimum of 1000 measurements for each morphology • If that minimum requirement is not met for one or several morphologies, the model uses default parameters for those morphologies © Forsk 2015


Slide 54

Working With CW Measurements (1/8)

Creating a CW measurement path

By copying – pasting X,Y, measurement

By importing any ASCII format file • Standard import as in Excel • Option of importing any additional information related to CW measurement points • Definition and storage of import configurations

© Forsk 2015


Slide 55


CW Measurements: Table List of all measurement points with their attributes and additional information

Coordinates of the measurement points

Signal measured values Altitude, clutter classes and heights, distance, etc. read from the geo data

Standard content management and tools (filters, copy-paste, etc...) © Forsk 2015


Slide 56


CW Measurements: Properties

For predictions along the CW measurement path, you can either use existing path loss matrices or recalculate them by choosing your default CrossWave model

© Forsk 2015

The points can be displayed according to any data contained in the measurement table Confidential – Do not share without prior permission

Slide 57


CW Measurements: Calculations and Statistics

To calculate the predicted signal level of the reference (and any other optionally added) transmitter along the considered path. Note: This can also be run from top folders.

To compare statistics between measured and predicted signal levels. Note: This can also be run from top folders.

© Forsk 2015


Slide 58


CW Measurements: Filter (at folder level)

Clutter classes filtering

Distance, measurements values, and azimuth filtering

Advanced filter on additional survey data © Forsk 2015


Slide 59


CW Measurements: Filtering Assistant and Filtering Zones

Tool to filter the data path in a more advanced way than in the filter dialogue available at the folder level (previous slide)

Tool to exclude some points from the measurement path according to a drawn polygon (all points within the polygon will be filtered out)

© Forsk 2015


Slide 60


BEFORE

CW Measurements: Smoothing

Create a sliding window to smooth the measured signal strength

AFTER

Smoothing can be used to limit fading effect Smoothing keeps the number of measurement points unchanged Smoothing cannot be used to average gross CW measurements

© Forsk 2015


Slide 61


CW Measurements: Synchronise the Table, the Map and the CW Measurements tool

Synchronisation: - Map - Table - CW Measurements tool

Measured signal level Analysis of a specific CW measurement path

Predicted signal level

Display of any attribute related to a given path

© Forsk 2015


Slide 62

CW Measurements Pre-processing

Automatic filtering of inconsistent measurement points (e.g. inside buildings) during calibration No need of manual filtering in Atoll (contrary to the Standard Propagation Model) Moreover, CrossWave is more robust to close distance measurements and obstructions

You can, all the same, use general filters like “min/max signal level” before calibration It’s recommended, for instance, to filter out all values below the receiver sensitivity

© Forsk 2015


Slide 63

Calibration / Verification Stations

Calibration stations Stations so that measurements cover the whole area Avoid keeping stations with a lot of common points

Verification stations Stations so that measurements are inside covered area (not at edges!) Major part of their covered areas are also covered by calibration stations

How many? If 7-8 measured stations:

BRU_CAL_1 would be a good verification site in that particular case

• 6 for calibration; 1-2 for verification

If < 7 measured stations: • All stations used for calibration • Verification performed with same stations © Forsk 2015


Slide 64

CrossWave Tuning (1/5)

Launching the automatic tuning It can be useful to duplicate your CrossWave model before launching the automatic tuning • It allows you to compare both standard and tuned models afterwards

Tuning options

CW measurements files to be used for model tuning

Launch the tuning process

© Forsk 2015


Slide 65


Before launching the tuning process, you can select one of the two following modes: Standard tuning • A purely mathematical method to calibrate the model

• Provides the best results in terms of mean error and standard deviation • No quality control of the tuned coefficients (some of them can therefore be unrealistic)

Advanced tuning (recommended) • Amounts to calibrate a pre-calibrated model • Coefficients are inconsistencies

checked

to

avoid

• Unrealistic values are discarded and default coefficients are used instead • This tuning mode can show poorer results than in standard tuning mode, but proves much more robust • A model tuned with the advanced method can be easily reused in other similar areas © Forsk 2015


Slide 66


Tuning options: Use CW measurements path quality control: • Ignore paths.

inconsistent

CW

measurement

• If a CW measurement path is discarded by the quality control option, it won’t be considered during the tuning.

Do not consider indoor pixels for raster areas: • Ignore measurement points that are located inside clutter classes that are associated with the "Building" clutter type.

© Forsk 2015


Slide 67


Tuning results User can perform several calibrations and select the best one • Try different scenario for calibration/verification sites

Tuning parameters

Global performance of the model

• Standard or advanced mode

Results split by: • CW measurement file • Morphology : helps users to determine if more than one model is needed for the area thanks to the performance available per morphology

Performance per morphology

Performance per CW measurement path

Select which tuning results to be used by the calibrated model

© Forsk 2015


Slide 68


Commit tuning results After incorporating the tuning results, the User tuned option is automatically enabled in the CrossWave Propagation settings to use the tuned coefficients instead of the coefficients provided by the default model

© Forsk 2015


Slide 69

Training Programme

1.

CrossWave Overview

2.


3.


4.


5.


6.


7.


8.


© Forsk 2015


Slide 70

Analysing CrossWave Performance (1/5)

CrossWave can generate an analysis report that provides comparison metrics between prediction results and actual measurements

© Forsk 2015


Slide 71


After the analysis, a report is displayed in the CrossWave Analysis window This report can be exported in CSV or Microsoft Excel format

© Forsk 2015


Slide 72


Example: Export in Microsoft Excel format

© Forsk 2015


Slide 73


Displaying errors between the measured and predicted signal levels (1/2) Recalculate the predicted signal values (P) with your tuned CrossWave model Display the error (P – M) between the CW measurements values (M) and the predicted values (P)

© Forsk 2015


Slide 74


Displaying errors between the measured and predicted signal levels (2/2) Allows you to see at a glance all the areas where the predicted signal is significantly different from the measured value

© Forsk 2015


Slide 75

Training Programme

1.

CrossWave Overview

2.


3.


4.


5.


6.


7.


8.


© Forsk 2015


Slide 76


Accurate and fast, both in tuning and prediction computations Easy filtering process in Atoll compared to others COST-HATA models Easy tuning (no parameter consistency checking, clutter offset extrapolation…)

Statistically pre-calibrated using measurements from different environment types (rural/urban, micro/macro, indoor/outdoor...) If CW measurements are missing in some environments (e.g. forest), model can use its default coefficients Can be updated with new measurements (e.g. 2.6 GHz for LTE)

Versatile - compatible with all technologies/frequencies Models propagation over water and forest using specific coefficients Good modelling of mountainous areas using facets Indoor coverage With indoor antennas or outdoor antennas

© Forsk 2015


Slide 77

Thank you

© Forsk 2015


Slide 78

Atoll_3.2.1_Crosswave

Recommend Documents