Designation: E1934 – 99a (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
Examining Electrical and Mechanical Equipment with Infrared Thermography 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1934; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original origin al adoption or, in the case of revis revision, ion, the year of last revision. revision. A number in paren parenthese thesess indicates the year of last reappr reapproval. oval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Sco Scope pe 1.1 This guide lists the responsibilitie responsibilitiess of the end user and the inf infrar rared ed the thermo rmogra graphe pherr whe when n exa examin mining ing elec electri trical cal and mechanical systems. 1.2 1. 2 Th This is gu guid idee ou outli tline ness th thee sp speci ecific fic co cont nten entt re requ quire ired d to document qualitative and quantitative infrared examinations of electrical and mechanical equipment.2 1.3 This guide may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated, moving or all of these or electrically energized equipment. standard d doe doess not purport purport to add addre ress ss all of the 1.4 This standar safet sa fetyy co conc ncer erns ns,, if an anyy, as asso socia ciated ted wi with th it itss us use. e. It is th thee responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents Documents 3
2.1 ASTM Standards: E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations 3. Terminology Terminology 3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 end user —the —the person responsible for using the information provided by an infrared examination. 3.1.2 exception—an abn abnorm ormally ally war warm m or coo cooll con connec nector tor,, conductor or component. 3.1.3 infrared examination—the use of an infrared imaging system to provide thermal data about a structure, system, object or process.
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This guide is under the jurisd jurisdictio iction n of ASTM Committee Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 E07.10 on on Specialized NDT Methods. Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published November Nove mber 2010. 2010. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1934 - 99a (2005) 1. DOI: 10.1520/E1934-99AR10. 2 This guide is adapted from the Guideline for Infrared Inspection and Mechanical Syste Systems ms developed by Infraspection Institute, 425 Ellis Street, Burlington, NJ 08016. 3 For refere referenced nced ASTM standa standards, rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o www.astm.org, rg, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. ´
3.1.4 inventory list —a —a list of the equipment by the infrared thermographer. 3.1.5 qualified assistant —a —a person provided and authorized by the end user to perform the tasks required by the infrared thermographer. He/she shall be knowledgeable of the operation and history of the equipment to be examined and of all safety practices and rules of the end user. 3.1.6 qualitative infrared inspection—an infrar infrared ed examin examinaation that provides images of exceptions but not temperature data. 3.1.7 quan quantitative titative infrar infrared ed inspec inspection tion—an infrared examination that provides both images of exceptions and temperature data. 3.2 See also Terminolog Terminology y E1316 E1316.. 4. Signi Significanc ficancee and Use 4.1 This guide guide can be used by an end user to specify infrared infrared examinations of electrical and mechanical equipment and an infrared thermographer to perform them. 4.2 This guide lists the joint responsibiliti responsibilities es of the end user and the infrared thermographer when using infrared thermography. 4.3 The purpose purpose of an inf infrar rared ed exa examin minatio ation n is to ide identi ntify fy and an d do docu cumen mentt ex exce cept ptio ions ns in th thee en end d us user er’s ’s ele electr ctrica icall or mechanical systems, or both. 4.3.1 In electrical equipment, equipment, warm except exceptions ions are usually crea cr eated ted by an in incr crea ease se in re resis sista tanc ncee cau cause sed d by lo loos osee or deteriorated connections, short circuits, overloads, load imbalances or faulty faulty,, mismatc mismatched hed or impro improperly perly installed components. nen ts. Coo Cooll exc except eption ionss are usu usually ally cau caused sed by fai failed led com compoponents. 4.3.2 In mechanical equipment, equipment, warm excep exceptions tions are usually created by friction caused by improper lubrication, misalignment, worn components or mechanical loading anomalies. Cool exceptions are usually caused by failed components. 4.3.3 Exceptions in insulation insulation systems are usually caused by missin mis sing g or det deterio eriorate rated d mate materia rials, ls, imp improp roper er ins install tallatio ation n or insufficient amounts of material. 4.4 Provi Providing ding opinions opinions about the causes of excep exceptions, tions, the integrity of the equipment or recommendations for corrective actions require knowledge and skills beyond those of infrared thermography.
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