Designation: D 3754 – 96 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipe1,2 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3754; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope
D 695 Test Method Method for Compressi Compressive ve Propertie Propertiess of Rigid 5 Plastics D 790 Test Test Methods for Flexural Properties Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials5 D 883 Terminology Terminology Relating to Plastics 5 D 1600 Terminolo Terminology gy for Abbreviate Abbreviated d Terms Relating Relating to 5 Plastics D 2290 Test Test Method for Apparent Tensile Tensile Strength of Ring or Tubular Plastics and Reinforced Plastics by Split Disk Method6 D 2412 Test Test Method for Determination Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading 4 D 2584 Test Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins7 D 2992 Practice Practice for Obtaining Obtaining Hydrostati Hydrostaticc or Pressure Design Basis for “Fiberglass “Fiberglass’’ ’’ (Glass-Fibe (Glass-Fiber-Re r-Reinfor inforced ced 4 Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings D 3567 3567 Practi Practice ce for Determ Determini ining ng Dimens Dimension ionss of “Fiber “Fiber-glass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings4 D 3681 Test Method Method for Chemical Chemical Resistance Resistance of “Fiber“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe in a Deflected Condition 4 D 3892 Practice Practice for Packaging/ Packaging/Packi Packing ng of Plastics8 D 4161 4161 Specific Specificati ation on for “Fiber “Fibergla glass” ss” (Glass (Glass-Fi -Fiber ber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Joints Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals 4 F 412 Terminology Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems 4 F 477 Specifica Specificati tion on for Elasto Elastomer meric ic Seals Seals (Gaske (Gaskets) ts) for 4 Joining Plastic Pipe Standard: 2.2 ISO Standard: ISO 1172 Textile Textile Glass Reinforced Plastics—Determination Plastics—Determination 9 of Loss on Ignition AWWA Standard: 2.3 AWWA AWW WWA A C-950 Glass-Fiber Reinforced Reinforced Thermosetting Thermosetting Resin Pressure Pipe10
1.1 This specification covers covers machine-made fiberglass fiberglass pipe, 8 in. (200 mm) through 144 in. (3700 mm), for use in pressure systems for conveying sanitary sewage, storm water, and many industr industrial ial wastes, wastes, and corrosi corrosive ve fluids. fluids. Both glass-fib glass-fibererreinforce reinforced d thermose thermosettin tting-res g-resin in pipe (RTRP) (RTRP) and glass-fibe glass-fiberrreinforce reinforced d plastic plastic mortar mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass fiberglass pipes. This standard is suited primarily for pipes to be installed in buried buried applic applicati ations ons,, althou although gh it may be used used to the extent extent applicable for other installations such as, but not limited to, sliplining and rehabilitation of existing pipelines. Pipe covered by this this specifi specificat cation ion is intend intended ed to operat operatee at intern internal al gage gage pressures of 250 psi (1.72 MPa) or less. 1.2 The values given given in inch-pound inch-pound units units are to be regarded regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.3 The following precautionary precautionary caveat pertains only to to the test test method method portio portion, n, Sectio Section n 8, of this this specifi specificat cation ion:: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this this standa standard rd to establ establish ish appro appropri priate ate safety safety and health health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: C 33 Specificat Specification ion for Concrete Aggregates Aggregates3 C 581 Practi Practice ce for Determ Determini ining ng Chemi Chemical cal Resist Resistanc ancee of Thermosett Thermosetting ing Resins Used in Glass-Fibe Glass-Fiber-Re r-Reinfor inforced ced Structures Intended for Liquid Service 4 D 638 Test Method for Tensile ensile Propertie Propertiess of Plastics Plastics 5 1
This This specific specificatio ation n is under under the jurisdi jurisdictio ction n of ASTM Committ Committee ee D-20 D-20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility responsibility of Subcommittee Subcommittee D20.23 D20.23 on Reinforced Reinforced Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment. Equipment. Current Current edition approved approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. 1996. Originally Originally published published as D 3754 3754 – 79. 79. Last previous previous edition edition D 3754 3754 – 91. 91. This specification specification replaces Specification D 4162. 2 This revision includes renumbering existing Note 1 through 13 to be Note 2 throug through h 14. Also changed changed are 8.7.2, 8.7.2, Table able 3, Note 10 (old 9). Note 1 (ISO equivalency), equivalency), 6.6.1, and 6.6.2 were added. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards Standards,, Vol 04.02. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards Standards,, Vol 08.04. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards Standards,, Vol 08.01.
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards Standards,, Vol 15.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards Standards,, Vol 08.02. 8 Annual Book of ASTM Standards Standards,, Vol 08.03. 9 Available Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 10 Available Available from the American Water Works Works Association, Association, 6666 West Quincey Ave., Denver, CO 80235. 7
1
D 3754 3. Terminology
to be used under the installation and operating conditions that will exist for the project in which the pipe is to be used.
3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology nology D 883 883 or Terminolog erminology y F 412 412 and abbreviat abbreviations ions with Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise indicated. 3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard: fiberglass pipe—a tubular 3.2.1 fiberglass tubular product product containing containing glass fiber fiber reinfo reinforce rcemen ments ts embedd embedded ed in or surrou surrounde nded d by cured cured thermose thermosetting tting resin. resin. The composit compositee structure structure may contain contain aggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pigments, ments, or dyes. dyes. Thermo Thermopla plasti sticc or thermo thermoset settin ting g liners liners or coatings may be included. 3.2.2 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe —a fiberglass pipe without aggregate. 3.2.3 reinforced plastic mortar pipe —a fiberglass pipe with aggregate. 3.2.4 industrial pipe —pipe designed for internal, or external environme environments, nts, or both, both, commonly commonly encounter encountered ed in industria industriall piping systems used for many process solutions or effluents. 3.2.5 qualification test —one —one or more tests used to prove the design of a product. Not a routine quality control test. 3.2.6 liner —a —a resin layer, with or without filler or reinforcement, or both, forming the interior surface of the pipe. 3.2.7 surface layer —a —a resin layer, with or without filler or reinforcement, or both, applied to the exterior surface of the pipe structural wall.
4.2 Designation Requirements materials desigdesigRequirements—The pipe materials nation code shall consist of the standard designation, ASTM D 3754, followed by type, liner, and grade in arabic numerals, class by the letter C with two or three arabic numerals, and pipe stiffness by a capital letter. Table 1 presents a summary of the designation requirements. Thus a complete material code shall consist of ASTM D 3754, three numerals, C...and two or three numerals, and a capital letter. NOTE 3—Examples 3—Examples of the designation designation codes are as follows: follows: (1) ASTM D 3754-1-1-33754-1-1-3-C50-A C50-A for glass-fiberglass-fiber-reinfo reinforced rced aggregate aggregate and polyester polyester resin mortar pipe with a reinforced thermoset liner and an unreinforced polyester resin and sand surface layer, for operation at 50 psi (345 kPa), and and havin having g a minim minimum um pipe pipe stif stiffnes fnesss of 9 psi (62 kPa) kPa).. (2) ASTM D 3754-4-2-6-C200-C for glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin pipe with an unreinforced thermoset liner, no surface layer, for operation at 200 psi (1380 kPa) and having a minimum pipe stiffness of 36 psi (248 kPa). NOTE 4—Although 4—Although the “Form and Style for ASTM Standards” Standards” manual requires that the type classification be roman numerals, it is recognized that few companies have stencil-cutting equipment for this style of type, and it is therefore acceptable to mark the product type in arabic numbers.
5. Materials Materials and Manufacture Manufacture 5.1 General—The resins, reinforcements, colorants, fillers, and other materials, when combined as a composite structure, shall produce a pipe that shall meet the performance requirements of this specification. 5.2 Wall Composition —The basic structural wall composition shall consist of a thermosetting resin, glass-fiber reinforcement, and, if used, an aggregate filler. 5.2.1 Resin—A thermosetting thermosetting polyester or epoxy resin, with or without filler. 5.2.2 Aggregate—A silice siliceous ous sand sand confor conformi ming ng to the requirements of Specification C 33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply. 5.2.3 Reinforcement —A —A comme commerci rcial al grade grade of glass glass fiber fiber with a sizing compatible with the resin used. 5.3 Liner and Surface Layers—A liner or surface layer, or
4. Classification 4.1 General—This specification covers fiberglass sewer and indu indust stri rial al pres pressu sure re pipe pipe defin defined ed by raw raw mate materi rial alss in the the structural wall (type) and liner, surface layer material (grade), operating pressure (class), and pipe stiffness. Table 1 lists the types, liners, grades, classes, and stiffnesses that are covered. NOTE 2—All possible combinations of types, liners, grades, classes, and stiffness may not be commercially available. Additional types, liners, grades grades,, and stiffne stiffnesses sses may be added added as they become become commer commercia cially lly available. available. The purchaser should determine for himself or consult with the manufacturer manufacturer for the proper class, type, liner, grade, and stiffness stiffness of pipe
TABLE TABLE 1 General General Designation Designation Requirements Requirements for Fiberglass Fiberglass Pressure Pipe Designation
Property
1
Ty Type
2
Liner
3
4 5
Cell LimitsA 1 glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting polyesterB resin mortar (RPMP polyester)B 1 reinforced thermoset liner
Grade
ClassC
1 Polyester resin surface layer— reinforcedB C50
Pipe Stiffness psi (kPa)
C75
2 polyesterB resin surface layer— nonreinforcedB C100
A 9 (62)
2 glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting polyesterB resin (RTRP polyester) B 2 non-reinforced thermoset liner 3 polyesterB resin and sand surface layer nonreinforced C125
C150
B 18 (124)
3 glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting epoxy resin mortar (RPMP epoxy) 3 thermoplastic liner 4 epoxy resin surface layer— reinforced C175
5 epoxy resin surface layer— nonreinforced C200
C 36 (248)
4 glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting epoxy resin (RTRP epoxy) 4 no liner
C225
6 No surface layer
C250
D 72 (496)ABC
A The cell-type format provides the means of identification and specification of piping materials. This cell-type format, however, is subject to misapplication since unobtainable property combinations can be selected if the user is not familiar with commercially available products. The manufacturer should be consulted. B For the purposes of this standard, polyester includes vinyl ester resin. C Based on operating pressure in psig (numerals).
2
D 3754 both, when incorporated into or onto the pipe shall meet the chemical and structural requirements of this specification. 5.4 Joints—The pipe shall have a joining system that shall provide for fluid tightness for the intended service condition. 5.4.1 Unrestrained —Pipe —Pipe joints joints capabl capablee of withst withstand anding ing internal pressure but not longitudinal forces. 5.4.1.1 Coupling or Bell-and-Spigot Gasket Joints , with a groo groove ve eith either er on the the spig spigot ot or in the the bell bell to reta retain in an elastomeric gasket that shall be the sole element of the joint to provide watertightness. For typical joint detail see Fig. 1. 5.4.1.2 Mechanical Couplings . 5.4.2 Restrained —Pipe —Pipe joints capable of withstanding internal pressure and longitudinal forces. 5.4.2.1 5.4.2.1 Joints Joints similar to those in 5.4.1.1 with supplement supplemental al restraining elements. 5.4.2.2 Butt Joint , with laminated overlay. 5.4.2.3 Bell-and-Spigot , with laminated overlay. 5.4.2.4 Bell-and-Spigot , adhesive bonded. 5.4.2.5 Flanged . 5.4.2.6 Mechanical .
18.29 m). The actual laying length shall be the nominal length 62 in. (651 mm), when measured measured in accordance with with 8.1.2. At leas leastt 90 % of the the tota totall foot footag agee of any any one one size size and and clas class, s, exclud excluding ing specia special-o l-orde rderr length lengths, s, shall shall be furnis furnished hed in the nominal lengths specified by the purchaser. Random lengths, if furnished, shall not vary from the nominal lengths by more than 5 ft (1.53 m), or 25 %, whichever is less. 6.2.3 Wall —The averag averagee wall wall thickn thickness ess of the Wall Thickness—The pipe shall not be less than the nominal wall thickness published in the manufacturer’s literature current at the time of purchase, and the minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be less than 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness when measured in accordance with 8.1.3. 6.2.4 Squareness of Pipe Ends —All points around each end of a pipe unit shall fall within 6 1 ⁄ 4in. (6.4 mm) or 6 0.5 % of the nominal diameter of the pipe, whichever is greater, to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, when measured in accordance with 8.1.4. 6.3 Chemical Requirements : 6.3.1 Sanitary Sewer Service : 6.3.1.1 Long-Term—Pipe specimens, when tested in accordance with 8.2.1 shall be capable of being deflected, without failur failure, e, at the 50 year year strain strain level level given given in Table Table 4 when when exposed to 1.0 N sulfuric sulfuric acid.
NOTE 5—Other types of joints may be added as they become commercially available.
5.5 Gaskets—Elast —Elastome omeric ric gasket gaskets, s, when when used used with with this this pipe, shall conform to the requirements of Specification F 477, except that composition of the elastomer shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier for the particular exposure to oily or aggressive-chemical environments.
NOTE 6—See Appendix Appendix X1 for derivation derivation of the minimu minimum m sanitar sanitary y sewer pipe chemical requirements given in Table 4.
Requirements—Test 6.3.1.2 Control Requirements —Test pipe specimen specimenss periodically in accordance with 8.2.1.3, following the procedure of 8.2.1.4, or alternatively, the procedure of 8.2.1.5. 6.3.1.3 When the procedure of 8.2.1.4 is used, the following following three criteria must be met: a) the average failure time at each strain level must fall at or above the lower 95 % confidence limit limit of the origin originall ally y determ determine ined d regres regressio sion n line, line, b) no specimenspecimen-fail failure ure times may be sooner sooner than the lower 95 % prediction limit of the originally determined regression line, and c) one-third or more of the specimen failure times must be on or above the originally determined regression line.
6. Requirements Requirements 6.1 Workmanship: 6.1.1 6.1.1 Each Each pipe pipe shall shall be free free from from all defects defects includ including ing indentati indentations, ons, delamina delamination tions, s, bubbles, bubbles, pinholes, pinholes, cracks, cracks, pits, blisters, foreign inclusions, and resin-starved areas that due to their nature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength and serviceability of the pipe. The pipe shall be as uniform as commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other physical properties. 6.1.2 The inside surface surface of each pipe shall be free of bulges, dents, ridges, or other defects that result in a variation of inside diameter of more than 1 ⁄ 8 in. (3.2 mm) from that obtained on adjacent adjacent unaffecte unaffected d portions portions of the surface. surface. No glass-fibe glass-fiberr reinforcement shall penetrate the interior surface of the pipe wall. 6.1.3 Joint sealing surfaces surfaces shall be free free of dents, gouges, or other surface irregularities that will affect the integrity of the joints. 6.2 Dimensions: 6.2.1 Pipe Diameters —The pipe pipe shall shall be suppli supplied ed in the Diameters—The nomina nominall diamet diameters ers shown in Table able 2 or Table able 3. The pipe pipe diameter tolerances shall be as shown in Table 2 or Table 3, when measured in accordance with 8.1.1. 6.2.2 Lengths—The —The pipe pipe shal shalll be supp suppli lied ed in nomi nomina nall lengths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 ft (3.05, 6.10, 9.15, 12.19, and
NOTE 7—Determi 7—Determine ne the lower lower 95 % confidence confidence limit and the lower lower 95 % prediction limit in accordance with to Annex A2.
6.3.1. 6.3.1.4 4 When When the altern alternati ative ve method method of 8.2.1.5 8.2.1.5 is used, used, failure shall not occur in any specimen. 6.3.2 Industrial Service —The resin component of the liner or of the surface layer, or both, shall be a commercial-grade corrosion-resistant thermoset that has either been evaluated in a laminate by test, in accordance with 8.2.2, or that has been determined by previous documented service to be acceptable for the service conditions. Where service conditions have not been been eval evalua uate ted, d, a suit suitab able le resi resin n may may also also be sele select cted ed by agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. NOTE 8—The results results obtained by this test shall serve as a guide only in the selection of a pipe material for a specific service application. The purchaser purchaser is cautioned cautioned to evaluate evaluate all of the various factors factors that may enter
FIG. 1 Typical Joints
3
D 3754 TABLE TABLE 2 Nominal Nominal Inside Diameters Diameters (ID) and Toleran Tolerances ces Inside Diameter Diameter Control Pipe Nominal Diameter, A in. 8 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 132 144
Tolerances, in.
Nominal Metric Diameter, B mm
Minimum
Maximum
ToleranceB on Declared ID, mm
60.25 60.25 60.25 60.25 60.25 60.25 60.25 60.25 60.25 60.25 60.27 60.30 60.33 60.36 60.39 60.42 60.45 60.48 60.51 60.54 60.60 60.66 60.72 60.78 60.84 60.90 60.96 61.00 61.00 61.00 61.00 61.00 61.00
200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 (2200) 2400 (2600) 2800 (3000) 3200 (3400) 3600 (3800) 4000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
196 246 296 396 496 595 695 795 895 995 1195 1395 1595 1795 1995 2195 2395 2595 2795 2995 3195 3395 3595 3795 3995 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
204 255 306 408 510 612 714 816 918 1020 1220 1420 1620 1820 2020 2220 2420 2620 2820 3020 3220 3420 3620 3820 4020 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
61.5 61.5 61.8 62.4 63.0 63.6 64.2 64.2 64.2 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
ID Range, B mm
A
Inside diameters other than those shown shall be permitted by agreement between purchaser and supplier. Values are taken from International Standards Organization documents. Parentheses indicate non-preferred diameters.
B
strength to exhibit the minimum pipe stiffness ( F / D y) specified in Table 7 when tested in accordance with 8.5. At deflection level A per Table 8, there shall be no visible damage in the test specimen evidenced by surface cracks. At deflection level B per Table 8, there shall be no indication of structural damage as evidenced by interlaminar separation, separation of the liner or surface layer (if incorporated) from the structural wall, tensile failure of the glass-fiber reinforcement, fracture, or buckling of the pipe wall.
into the service serviceabil ability ity of a pipe pipe materi material al when when subject subjected ed to chemic chemical al environment, including chemical resistance in the strained condition.
6.4 Soundness—Unles —Unlesss otherw otherwise ise agreed agreed upon upon betwee between n purchaser and supplier, test each length of pipe up to 54 in. (1370 mm) diameter hydrostatically without leakage or cracking, at the internal hydrostatic proof pressures specified for the applicable class in Table 5 when tested in accordance with 8.3. For sizes over 54 in., the frequency of hydrostatic leak tests shall be as agreed upon by purchaser and supplier. 6.5 Hydrostatic Design Basis : Long-Term Hydrostatic Hydrostatic Pressure Pressure —The pressure 6.5.1 Long-Term pressure classes shall be based on long-term hydrostatic pressure data obtained in accordance with 8.4 and categorized in accordance with with Table able 6. Pressu Pressure re classe classess are based based on extrap extrapola olated ted strengths at 50 years. For pipe subjected to longitudinal loads or circumferential bending, the effect of these conditions on the hydrostatic design pressure classification of the pipe must be considered. 6.5.2 Control Requirements —Test pipe specimens periodically cally in accordance accordance with the reconfirmation reconfirmation procedures procedures described in Practice D 2992.
NOTE 10—This 10—This is a visual observation observation (made with the unaided eye) for quality control purposes only, and should not be considered a simulated service test. Table 8 values are based on an in-use long-term deflection limit of 5 % and provide an appropriate appropriate uniform safety margin margin for all pipe stiffnesses. Since the pipe-stiffness values (F / D y) shown in Table 7 vary, the perc percen entt defle deflect ction ion of the pipe pipe under under a give given n set set of insta install llati ation on conditions will not be constant for all pipes. To avoid possible misapplication, take care to analyze all conditions that might affect performance of the installed pipe.
6.6.1 For other pipe stiffness stiffness levels, levels, appropriat appropriatee values values for Level A and Level B deflections deflections (Table (Table 8) may be computed computed as follows: LevelA at new PS 5
NOTE 9—Hydrosta 9—Hydrostatic tic design basis (HDB—extrapol (HDB—extrapolated ated value at 50 years) determined in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 2992, may be substituted for the Procedure B evaluation required by 8.4. It is generally generally accepted that the ProcedureA value multiplied multiplied by 3 is equivalent equivalent to the Procedure B value.
S
72 new PS
D
0.33
~ 9!
(1)
Level B at new PS 5 new Level A4 0.6
6.6.2 Since products products may have use limits limits of other than 5 % long-term deflection, deflection, Level A and Level B deflections (Table (Table 8) may be proportionally adjusted to maintain equivalent in-use
6.6 Stiffness —Each —Each length length of pipe pipe shall shall have have suff sufficient icient 4
D 3754 TABLE TABLE 3 Nominal Nominal Outside Diameter Diameters s (OD) and Tolerances Tolerances
TABLE TABLE 4 Minimum Minimum Sanitary Sewer Sewer Pipe Chemical Requiremen Requirements ts escv
Pipe Stiffness, psi (kPa) 9 18 36 72
(62) (124) (248) (496)
Minimum Strain 6 min
10 h
100 h
1 000
10 000
50 years
0.97 (t/de) 0.85 (t/d) 0.71 (t/d) 0.56 (t/d)
0.84 (t/d) 0.72 (t/d) 0.60 (t/d) 0.48 (t/d)
0.78 (t/d) 0.66 (t/d) 0.55 (t/d) 0.44 (t/d)
0.73 (t/d) 0.61 (t/d) 0.51 (t/d) 0.41 (t/d)
0.68 (t/d) 0.56 (t/d) 0.47 (t/d) 0.38 (t/d)
0.60 (t/d) 0.49 (t/d) 0.41 (t/d) 0.34 (t/d)
Where: t Where: t and and d are d are the nominal total wall thickness and the mean diameter (inside diameter plus t ) as determined in accordance with 8.1.
TABLE TABLE 5 Hydrostati Hydrostatic-Pre c-Pressure ssure Test Test
safet safety y marg margins ins.. For exampl example, e, a 4 % longlong-te term rm limi limitin ting g deflection would result in a 20 % reduction of Level A and Level Level B deflect deflection ions, s, while while a 6 % limiti limiting ng deflect deflection ion would would result in a 20 % increase in Level A and Level B deflection values. However, minimum values for Level A and Level B deflect deflection ionss shall shall be equiva equivalen lentt to strain strainss of 0.6 and 1.0 % respectively (as computed by Eq. 3 in Appendix X1). 6.7 Hoop-Tensile manufactured red under Hoop-Tensile Strength—All pipe manufactu this specification shall meet or exceed the hoop-tensile strength shown for each size and class in Table 9 and Table 10, when tested in accordance with 8.6.
Class C50 C75 C100 C125 C150 C175 C200 C225 C250
5
Hydrost at at ic ic Proof Pr es essure, gage, psi (kPa) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
(689) (1034) (1379) (1723) (2068) (2412) (2757) (3102) (3445)
D 3754 TABLE 6 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure Pressure Categories Class Class
requir requireme ements nts of 6.9.2 6.9.2 shall shall satisf satisfy y the longit longitudi udinal nal tensil tensilee strength requirements of 6.9.1.
Minimum Minimum Calculate Calculated d Values Values of Long-T Long-Term Hydrostatic Hydrostatic Pressure. Pressure. gage, psi (kPa)
C50 C75 C100 C125 C150 C175 C200 C225 C250
90 135 180 225 270 315 360 405 450
7. Sampling Sampling
(621) (931) (1241) (1551) (1862) (2172) (2482) (2792) (3103)
7.1 Lot —Unless —Unless otherwise otherwise agreed upon by the purchaser purchaser and the supplier, one lot shall consist of 100 lengths of each type, grade, and size of pipe produced. 7.2 Production Tests —Select one pipe at random from each lot and take one specimen from the pipe barrel to determine conformance of the material to the workmanship, dimensional, and strength requirements of 6.1, 6.2, 6.6, and 6.7 respectively. Unless otherwise agreed upon between purchaser and supplier, all pipes (up to 54 in. diameter diameter)) shall shall meet meet the soundnes soundnesss requirements of 6.4. 7.3 Qualification Tests —Sampling for qualification tests is not required unless otherwise agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier. Qualification tests, for which a certification and test report shall be furnished when requested by the purchaser, include the following: 7.3.1 Sanitary Sanitary sewer service, service, long-term long-term chemical chemical test. 7.3.2 Industria Industriall service service resin resin component component chemical test. A copy of the resin manufacturer’s test report may be used as the basi basiss of acce accept ptan ance ce for for this this test test as agre agreed ed upon upon by the the purchaser and the supplier. 7.3.3 Long-term hydrostatic hydrostatic pressure test. 7.3.4 Joint-ti Joint-tightne ghtness ss test, see 6.8. 7.3.5 Longitudinal strength strength test, including: 7.3.5.1 7.3.5.1 Beam strength, strength, and 7.3.5.2 Longitudinal tensile tensile strength. Control Tests—The 7.4 Control —The foll followi owing ng test testss are are consi conside dere red d control requirements and shall be performed as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. 7.4.1 Soundness Test —60 —60 in. (1524 mm) diameter pipe and larger 7.4.2 7.4.2 Perfo Perform rm samp sampli ling ng and and test testin ing g for for the the cont contro roll requirements for sanitary sewer service at least once annually. 7.4.3 7.4.3 Perfo Perform rm samp sampli ling ng and and test testin ing g for for the the cont contro roll requirements for hydrostatic design basis at least once every two years. 7.5 For indivi individua duall orders orders,, conduc conductt only only those those additi additiona onall tests tests and number of tests tests specifical specifically ly agreed agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.
TABLE 7 Minimum Minimum Stiffness Stiffness at 5 % Deflect Deflection ion Nominal Diameter, in. 8 10 12 and greater
Pipe Stiffness, psi (kPa) Designation A
B
C
D
... ... 9 (62)
... 18 (124) 18 (124)
36 (248) 36 (248) 36 (248)
72 (496) 72 (496) 72 (496)
TABLE 8 Ring Deflection Deflection Without Without Damage or Structural Structural Failure Nominal Pipe Stiffness, psi
Level A Level B
9
18
36
72
18 % 30 %
15 % 25 %
12 % 20 %
9% 15 %
6.7.1 Alternative Requirements —When agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier, the minimum hoop tensile strength shall be as determined in accordance with 8.6.1. Joint Tightne Tightness ss —The 6.8 Joint —The pipe pipe join jointt shal shalll meet meet the the perform performanc ancee require requiremen ments ts of the applica applicable ble section section of Specification D 4161. Restrained rigid joints (5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.3, 5.4.2.4, and 5.4.2.5) shall be exempt from angular deflection requirements. 6.9 Longitudinal Strength: : 6.9.1 Beam Strength —For pipe sizes up to 27 in. (686 mm), the pipe pipe shall shall withst withstand and,, withou withoutt failur failure, e, the beam beam loads loads specified in Table 11, when tested in accordance with 8.7.1. For pipe sizes larger than 27 in., and alternatively for smaller sizes, adequa adequate te beam beam stren strength gth is demons demonstr trat ated ed by tensi tensile le and and compression tests conducted in accordance with 8.7.2 and 8.7.3 respec respectiv tively ely,, for pipe pipe wall wall specim specimens ens orient oriented ed in the longit longitudi udinal nal direct direction ion,, using using the minim minimum um tensil tensilee and compression strengths specified in Table 11. 6.9.2 Longitudinal Tensile Strength —All pipe manufactured under this specification shall meet or exceed the longitudinal tensile strength shown for each size and class in Table 12 and Table 13, when tested in accordance with 8.7.2.
8. Test Methods Methods 8.1 Dimensions: 8.1.1 Diameters: Inside de Diam Diamet eter er —Ta ke 8.1.1.1 Insi ke i ns ns id id e d ia ia me me te te r measurements at a point approximately 6 in. (152 mm) from the end of the pipe section section using using a steel steel tape or an inside inside micrometer with graduations of 1 ⁄ 16 16 in. (1 mm) or less. Take two 90° opposing measurements at each point of measurement and average the readings. 8.1.1.2 Outside Diameter —Determin —Determinee in accordance accordance with Test Method D 3567. 8.1.2 Length—Measu —Measure re with with a steel steel tape tape or gage gage having having graduations of 1 ⁄ 16 16in. (1 mm) or less. Lay the tape or gage on or inside the pipe and measure the overall laying length of the pipe.
NOTE 11—The values listed in Table 12 are the minimum criteria for products made to this standard. The values may not be indicative of the axial strength of some products, or of the axial strength required by some installation installation conditions conditions and joint configurations. configurations.
6.9.3 Conformance to the requirements requirements of 6.9.1 shall satisfy satisfy the requirements of 6.9.2 for those pipe sizes and classes where the minimum longitudinal tensile strength values of Table 11 are are equa equall to the the valu values es of Table able 12. 12. Conf Confor orma manc ncee to the the 6
D 3754 TABLE TABLE 9 Minimum Minimum Hoop Tensile Tensile Strength Strength of Pipe Wall Inch-Pound Inch-Pound Units Units Nominal Diameter in. 8 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 120 132 144
Hoop Tensile Strength, lbf/in. Width C50
C75
C100
C125
C150
C175
C200
C225
C250
800 1 000 1 200 1 400 1 500 1 600 1 800 2 000 2 100 2 400 2 700 3 000 3 300 3 600 3 900 4 200 4 500 4 800 5 400 6 000 6 600 7 200 7 800 8 400 9 000 9 600 10 200 10 800 12 000 13 200 14 400
1 200 1 500 1 800 2 100 2 250 2 400 2 700 3 000 3 150 3 600 4 050 4 500 4 950 5 400 5 850 6 300 6 750 7 200 8 100 9 000 9 900 10 800 11 700 12 600 13 500 14 400 15 300 16 200 18 000 19 800 21 600
1 600 2 000 2 400 2 800 3 000 3 200 3 600 4 000 4 200 4 800 5 400 6 000 6 600 7 200 7 800 8 400 9 000 9 600 10 800 12 000 13 200 14 400 15 600 16 800 18 000 19 200 20 400 21 600 24 000 26 400 28 800
2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 3 750 4 000 4 500 5 000 5 250 6 000 6 750 7 500 8 250 9 000 9 750 10 500 11 250 12 000 13 500 15 000 16 500 18 000 19 500 21 000 22 500 24 000 25 500 27 000 30 000 33 000 36 000
2 400 3 000 3 600 4 200 4 500 4 800 5 400 6 000 6 300 7 200 8 100 9 000 9 900 10 800 11 700 12 600 13 500 14 400 16 200 18 000 19 800 21 600 23 400 25 200 27 000 28 800 30 600 32 400 36 000 39 600 43 200
2 800 3 500 4 200 4 900 5 250 5 600 6 300 7 000 7 350 8 400 9 450 10 500 11 450 12 600 13 650 14 700 15 750 16 800 18 900 21 000 23 100 25 200 27 300 29 400 31 500 33 600 35 700 37 800 42 000 46 200 50 400
3 200 4 000 4 800 5 600 6 000 6 400 7 200 8 000 8 400 9 600 10 800 12 000 13 200 14 400 15 600 16 800 18 000 19 200 21 600 24 000 26 400 28 800 31 200 33 600 36 000 38 400 40 800 43 200 48 000 52 800 57 600
3 600 4 500 5 400 6 300 6 750 7 200 8 100 9 000 9 450 10 800 12 150 13 500 14 850 16 200 17 550 18 900 20 250 21 600 24 300 27 000 29 700 32 400 35 100 37 800 40 500 43 200 45 900 48 600 54 000 59 400 64 800
4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 7 500 8 000 9 000 10 000 10 500 12 000 13 500 15 000 16 500 18 000 19 500 21 000 22 500 24 000 27 000 30 000 33 000 36 000 39 000 42 000 45 000 48 000 51 000 54 000 60 000 66 000 72 000
Note—The values in this table are equal to 2 PD , where P where P is is the pressure class in psi and D is D is the nominal diameter in inches.
8.1.3 Wall —Determine ne in accordanc accordancee with Test Wall Thickness—Determi Method D 3567. 8.1.4 Squar —Rotat atee the the pipe pipe on a Squarene eness ss of Pipe Pipe Ends Ends—Rot mandrel or trunions and measure the runout of the ends with a dial indicator. The total indicated reading is equal to twice the distance from a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Alternatively, when the squareness of the pipe ends is rigi rigidl dly y fixed fixed by tool toolin ing, g, the the tool toolin ing g may may be veri verifie fied d and and reinsp reinspect ected ed at interv intervals als freque frequent nt enough enough to assure assure that that the squareness of the pipe ends is maintained within tolerance. 8.2 Chemical Tests: 8.2.1 Sanitary-Sewer Service —Test the pipe in accordance with Test Method D 3681. 8.2.1.1 Long-Term —To fi nd nd i f th e p ip ip e m ee ee ts ts t he he requirements of 6.3.1, determine at least 18 failure points in accordance with Test Method D 3681. 8.2.1.2 Alternat —Test four Alternative ive Qualificati Qualification on Procedur Proceduree —Test specimens each at the 10 and 10 000 h minimum strains given in Table 4 and test five specimens each at the 100 and 1000 h minimu minimum m strain strainss given given in Table able 4. Consid Consider er the produc productt qualified if all 18 specimens are tested without failure for at least the prescribed times given in Table 4 (that is, 10, 100, 1000 or 10 000 h respectively). 8.2.1.3 Control Requirements —Test at least six specimens in accordance with one of the following procedures and record the results. 8.2.1.4 8.2.1.4 Test at least 3 specimens specimens at each of the strain strain levels corresponding to the 100- and 1000-h failure times from the product’s regression line established in 8.2.1.
8.2.1.5 8.2.1.5 When the alternative alternative method method described described in 8.2.1.2 is used to qualify the product, test at least three specimens each at the 100 and 1000 h minimum strains given in Table 4 for at least 100 and 1000 h respectively. 8.2.1.6 8.2.1.6 The control test procedure proceduress of 8.2.1.5 may be used as an alternat alternative ive procedure procedure to the reconfirmation reconfirmation procedure procedure described in Test Method D 3681 for those products evaluated by the alternative qualification procedure described in 8.2.1.2. 8.2.2 Industrial Service —The resin component of the liner or of the surface layer, or both, to be subjected to an aggressive service environment, shall be tested in accordance with Test Method Method C 581, 581, except except that that the specim specimens ens tested tested shall shall be representative of the laminate construction used in the liner or surface layer, or both. 8.3 Soundness—Determ —Determine ine soundnes soundnesss by a hydrosta hydrostatic tic proof test procedure. Place the pipe in a hydrostatic pressure testing machine that seals the ends and exerts no end loads. Fill the pipe with water, expelling all air, and apply internal water pressure at a uniform rate not to exceed 50 psi (345 kPa)/s until the test pressure shown in Table 5 for the applicable class is reached. Maintain this pressure for a minimum of 30 s. The pipe shall show no visual signs of weeping, leakage, or fracture of the structural wall. 8.4 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure —Determine the longterm term hydros hydrostat tatic ic pressu pressure re at 50 years years in accord accordanc ancee with with Procedure B of Practice D 2992, with the following exceptions permitted: 8.4.1 Test Test at ambient temperatures within the limits limits of 50°F (10°C) and 110°F (43.5°C) and report the temperature range 7
D 3754 TABLE 10 Minimum Minimum Hoop Tensile Tensile Strength Strength of Pipe Wall SI Units Nominal Diameter in. 8 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 120 132 144
Hoop Tensile Strength, kN/m Width C50
C75
C100
C125
C150
C175
C200
C225
C250
140 175 210 245 263 280 315 350 368 420 473 525 578 630 683 735 788 840 945 1 050 1 155 1 260 1 365 1 470 1 575 1 680 1 785 1 890 2 100 2 310 2 520
210 263 315 368 394 420 473 525 552 630 709 788 866 945 1 024 1 103 1 181 1 260 1 418 1 575 1 733 1 890 2 048 2 205 2 363 2 520 2 678 2 835 3 150 3 465 3 780
280 350 420 490 525 560 630 700 735 840 945 1 050 1 155 1 260 1 365 1 470 1 575 1 680 1 890 2 100 2 310 2 520 2 730 2 940 3 150 3 360 3 570 3 780 4 200 4 620 5 040
350 438 525 613 656 700 788 875 919 1 050 1 181 1 313 1 444 1 575 1 706 1 838 1 969 2 100 2 363 2 625 2 888 3 150 3 413 3 675 3 938 4 200 4 463 4 725 5 250 5 775 6 300
420 525 630 735 788 840 945 1 050 1 103 1 260 1 418 1 575 1 733 1 890 2 048 2 205 2 363 2 520 2 835 3 150 3 465 3 780 4 095 4 410 4 725 5 040 5 355 5 670 6 300 6 930 7 560
490 613 735 858 919 980 1 103 1 225 1 287 1 470 1 654 1 838 2 004 2 205 2 389 2 573 2 756 2 940 3 308 3 675 4 043 4 410 4 778 5 145 5 513 5 880 6 248 6 615 7 350 8 085 8 820
560 700 840 980 1 050 1 120 1 226 1 400 1 470 1 680 1 890 2 100 2 310 2 520 2 730 2 940 3 150 3 360 3 780 4 200 4 620 5 040 5 460 5 880 6 300 6 720 7 140 7 560 8 400 9 240 10 800
630 788 945 1 103 1 181 1 260 1 418 1 575 1 654 1 890 2 126 2 363 2 599 2 835 3 071 3 308 3 544 3 780 4 253 4 725 5 198 5 670 6 143 6 615 7 088 7 560 8 033 8 505 9 450 10 395 11 340
700 875 1 050 1 225 1 313 1 400 1 575 1 750 1 838 2 100 2 363 2 625 2 888 3 150 3 413 3 675 3 938 4 200 4 725 5 250 5 775 6 300 6 825 7 350 7 875 8 400 8 925 9 450 10 500 11 550 12 600
experienced during the tests.
8.5.4 8.5.4 The maximum maximum specime specimen n length length may be 12 in. (305 mm), or the length necessary to include stiffening ribs if they are used, whichever is greater.
NOTE 12—Tests indicate no significant effects on long-term hydrostatic pressure within the ambient temperature range specified.
NOTE 13—As an altern alternativ ativee to determi determining ning pipe stiffne stiffness ss using using the apparatus apparatus and procedure procedure of Test Method D 2412, the supplier may submit to the purchaser for approval a test method and test evaluation based on Test est Metho Method d D 790 790 acco accoun untin ting g for for the the subst substitu itutio tion n of curv curved ed test test specimens and measurement of stiffness at 5 % deflection.
8.4.2 Determin Determinee the hydrostatic hydrostatic design basis for the glassfiber reinforcement in accordance with the method in Annex A1. 8.4.3 8.4.3 Calculate Calculate the long-t long-term erm hydros hydrostat tatic ic pressu pressure re and categorize by class in accordance with Table 6. Annex A1.6 explains how to calculate the long-term hydrostatic pressure. 8.5 Stiffness —Determi —Determine ne the pipe stiffness stiffness ( F / D y) at 5 % deflection for the specimen, using the apparatus and procedure of Test Metho Method d D 2412, 2412, with with the follow following ing except exception ionss permitted: 8.5.1 8.5.1 Measur Measuree the wall thickn thickness ess to the nearest nearest 0.01 0.01 in. (0.25 mm). 8.5.2 Load the specimen specimen to 5 % deflection deflection and record record the load. Then load the specimen to deflection level A per Table 8 and examine the specimen for visible damage evidenced by surface cracks. Then load the specimen to deflection level B per Table 8 and examine for evidence of structural damage, as evidenced by interlaminar separation, separation of the liner or surface layer (if incorporated) from the structural wall, tensile failure of the glass-fiber reinforcement, fracture, or buckling of the pipe wall. Calculate the pipe stiffness at 5 % deflection. 8.5.3 8.5.3 For produc productio tion n testin testing, g, only only one specim specimen en need need be tested to determine the pipe stiffness.
Hoop-Tensile ensile Strength Strength—Deter 8.6 Hoop-T —Determin minee hoop hoop tensil tensilee strength by Test Method D 2290, except that the sections on apparatus and test specimens may be modified to suit the size of the specimens to be tested, and the maximum load rate may not exceed exceed 0.10 in./min in./min (2.54 mm/min). mm/min). Alternative Alternatively ly,, Test Method Method D 638 may be employ employed. ed. Specim Specimen en width width may be increased for pipe wall thickness greater than 0.55 in (13.97 mm). mm). Mean Meanss may may be prov provid ided ed to mini minimi mize ze the the bend bendin ing g moment imposed during the test. Three specimens shall be cut from the test sample. Record the load to fail each specimen and determine the specimen width as close to the break as possible. Use the measur measured ed width width and failur failuree load load to calcul calculate ate the hoop-tensile strength. 8.6.1 Altern Alternati ative ve Minimum Minimum Hoop-T Hoop-Tens ensile ile Streng Strength th Requirement —As —As an alternat alternative, ive, the minimum minimum hoop-tens hoop-tensile ile streng strength th values values may be determ determine ined d throug through h the use of the following formula: F 5 ~S / Sr !~Pr ! i S
8
(2)
D 3754 TABLE TABLE 11 Beam Strengt Strength h Test Test Loads
8 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 132 144
Minimum Longitudinal Tensile Strength, per Unit of Circumference,
Beam Load, P Load, P ,
Nominal Diameter, in.
lbf 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 8
800 200 600 200 600 000 000 400 000 400 000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
kN 3.6 5.3 7.1 9.8 11.6 13.3 17.8 19.6 22.2 28.5 35.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
lbf/in.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
(kN/m)
580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 640 700 780 800 860 920 980 040 140 260 360 480 600 720 840 940 060 180 280 520 740
102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 111 122 137 140 150 161 171 182 200 220 238 260 280 301 322 340 360 382 400 440 480
Minimum Longitudinal Compressive Strength per Unit of Circumference, lbf/in.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 640 700 780 800 860 920 980 040 140 260 360 480 600 720 840 940 060 180 280 520 740
kN/m 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 111 122 137 140 150 161 171 182 200 220 238 260 280 301 322 340 360 382 400 440 480
Maintain the loads for not less than 10 min with no evidence of failure. The testing apparatus shall be designed to minimize stress concentrations at the loading points. Longitudi udinal nal Tensile ensile Streng Strength th —Det 8.7.2 Longit —Deter ermi mine ne in accordance with Test Method D 638, except the provisions for maximum thickness shall not apply. Longitudinal nal Compressiv Compressivee Strength Strength—Determine 8.7.3 Longitudi —Determine in accordance with Test Method D 695.
where: F = required minimum hoop-tensile strength, lbf/in., initial design design hoop hoop tensile tensile stress, stress, psi, S i = initial tensile stress stress at rated operating operating pressure, pressure, psi, psi, S r = hoop tensile rated operating operating pressu pressure re class, class, psi, and and P = rated inside radius radius of pipe, pipe, in. r = inside The value for S i should be established by considering the variations in glass reinforcement strength and manufacturing methods, but in any case, should not be less than the 95 % lower confidence value on stress at 0.1 h, as determined by the manufacturer’s testing carried out in accordance with 6.5. The value value for S r should should be establish established ed from the manufactu manufacturer’s rer’s hydrostatic design basis.
9. Packaging, Packaging, Marking, Marking, and Shipping 9.1 Mark Mark each each length length of pipe pipe that that meets or is part part of a lot that meets the requirements of this specification at least once, in letters not less than 1 ⁄ 2 in. (12 mm) in height and of bold-type style style in a color color and type that that remain remainss legibl legiblee under under normal normal handling and installation procedures. Include in the marking the nomina nominall pipe pipe size, size, manufa manufactu cturer rer’s ’s name name or trade tradema mark, rk, ASTM Specification number D 3754, type, liner, grade, class, and stiffness in accordance with the designation code in 4.2. 9.2 Prepare Prepare pipe for commercial commercial shipment shipment in such a way as to ensure acceptance by common or other carriers. 9.3 All packin packing, g, packag packaging ing,, and marki marking ng provis provision ionss of
NOTE 14—A 14—A value value of F less less than 4 Pr results results in a lower factor of safety on short term loading than required by the values in Table 9.
8.7 Longitudinal Strength : 8.7.1 Beam Strength—Place a 20-ft (6.1-m) nominal length of pipe on saddles at each end. Hold the ends of the pipe round during the test. Apply the beam load for the diameter of pipe shown shown in Table able 11 simult simultane aneous ously ly to the pipe pipe throug through h two saddle saddless locate located d at the third third points points of the pipe (see Fig. Fig. 2).
9
D 3754 TABLE TABLE 12 Longitudina Longitudinall Tensile Tensile Strength Strength of Pipe Wall Inch-Pound Units Nominal Diameter, in. 8 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 132 144
Longitudinal Tensile Strength, lbf/in. of Circumference C50
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 640 700 780 800 860 920 980 040 140 260 360 480 600 720 840 940 060 180 280 520 740
C75
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 608 683 714 785 857 928 999 999 045 110 176 306 437 567 580 701 823 944 066 191 309 430 673 918
C100
C125
C150
C175
C200
C225
C250
580 580 580 580 580 580 608 675 709 810 911 952 047 142 237 332 332 393 480 567 742 916 090 106 268 430 592 754 916 078 240 564 888
580 580 580 626 671 716 759 844 886 012 139 190 309 428 547 666 666 742 850 959 177 395 612 633 835 038 240 443 645 848 050 455 860
580 580 644 751 805 859 911 013 063 215 367 428 570 713 856 998 998 090 220 351 612 873 135 159 402 645 888 131 374 617 860 340 832
580 580 644 751 805 859 911 013 063 215 367 428 570 713 856 998 998 090 220 351 612 873 135 159 402 645 888 131 374 617 860 340 832
580 580 697 813 870 929 972 080 134 296 458 499 648 798 948 098 126 268 410 552 835 119 402 475 742 010 277 544 811 079 346 881 415
580 653 784 914 980 045 094 215 276 458 644 686 854 023 192 360 392 552 711 876 189 508 827 909 210 511 811 112 413 714 014 616 217
580 726 871 016 089 161 215 350 418 620 823 873 060 248 435 622 658 835 012 189 544 898 253 344 678 012 346 680 014 348 683 351 019
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5
Practice D 3892 shall apply to this specification.
10
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 8
D 3754 TABLE TABLE 13 Longitudina Longitudinall Tensile Tensile Strength Strength of Pipe Wall SI Units Nominal Diameter, in. 8 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 132 144
Longitudinal Tensile Strength, kN/m of Circumference C50
C75
C100
C125
C150
C175
C200
C225
C250
102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 111 122 137 140 150 161 171 182 200 220 238 260 280 301 322 340 360 382 400 440 480
102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 106 102 125 137 150 163 175 175 183 194 206 229 252 274 277 298 319 340 362 384 404 426 468 511
102 102 102 102 102 102 106 118 124 142 156 167 183 200 217 233 233 244 259 274 305 336 366 369 397 426 454 482 511 539 567 624 681
102 102 102 110 118 125 133 148 155 177 199 208 229 250 271 292 292 305 324 343 381 419 457 461 496 532 567 603 638 674 709 780 851
102 102 113 132 141 150 160 177 186 213 239 250 275 300 325 350 350 366 389 412 457 503 549 553 596 638 681 723 766 809 851 935 1 021
102 102 113 132 141 150 160 177 186 213 239 250 275 300 325 350 350 366 389 412 457 503 549 553 596 638 681 723 766 809 851 935 1 021
102 102 122 142 152 163 170 189 199 227 255 263 289 315 341 367 372 397 422 447 496 546 596 609 655 702 749 796 843 889 936 1 030 1 123
102 114 137 160 172 183 192 213 223 255 288 295 325 354 384 413 419 447 475 504 558 614 670 685 737 790 843 895 948 1 001 1 053 1 159 1 264
102 127 153 178 191 203 213 236 248 284 319 328 361 394 426 459 465 496 527 558 621 683 745 761 819 878 936 995 1 053 1 112 1 170 1 2 87 1 404
FIG. 2 Beam Strength-Test Setup
ANNEXES (Mandatory Information) A1. ALTERNA ALTERNATIVE TIVE HYDROST HYDROSTA ATIC DESIGN DESIGN METHOD METHOD
t h = actu actual al cros crosss-se sect ctio iona nall area area of glas glasss-fib fiber er reinforcement applied around the circumference of the pipe, in.2 /in.,
A1.1 The followin following g symbols symbols are used: used: = tensile stress in the glass-fiber reinforcement in the S hoop orientation corrected for the helix angle, psi, = internal internal pressure, pressure, psig, psig, P Pl = long-term long-term hydrostat hydrostatic ic pressure, pressure, psig, psig, D = nominal nominal inside inside pipe diameter diameter,, in.,
u = plane plane angle between between hoop-orie hoop-oriented nted reinforce reinforcement ment and longitudinal axis of the pipe (helix angle), and HDB HDB = hydr hydros osta tati ticc desi design gn basi basis, s, psi. psi. 11
D 3754 TABLE TABLE A1.1 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure Pressure Categories
A1.2 A1.2 The hydro hydrosta static tic desi design gn is based based on on the estim estimate ated d tensile stress of reinforcement in the wall of the pipe in the circumferential (hoop) orientation that will cause failure after 50 years of continuously applied pressure, as described in 8.4 and Practice D 2992, Procedure B. Strength requirements are calc calcul ulat ated ed usin using g the the stre streng ngth th of hoop hoop-o -ori rien ente ted d glas glasss reinforcements only, corrected for the helix angle of the fibers. Hoop-Stress ess Calculation, Calculation, deri A1.3 Hoop-Str derive ved d from from the the ISO ISO formula for hoop stress, is as follows: S 5 PD/2~t h sin u!
This stress is used as the ordinate (long-term strength) in calculating the regression line and lower confidence limit in accordance with Practice D 2992, Annexes A1 and A3.
Class
Minimum Calculated Values of Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure, P Pressure, P 1, gage, psi (kPa)
C50 C75 C100 C125 C150 C175 C200 C225 C250
90 (621) 135 (931) 180 (1241) 225 (1551) 270 (1862) 315 (2172) 360 (2482) 405 (2792) 450 (3103)
common commonly ly encoun encounter tered ed condit condition ionss of water water servic service. e. The purchaser should determine the class of pipe most suitable to the installation and operating conditions that will exist on the project on which the pipe is to be used by multiplying the values values of P1 from Table Table A1.1 by a servic servicee (desig (design) n) factor factor selected for the application on the basis of two general groups of conditions. The first group considers the manufacturing and testing variables, specifically normal variations in the material, manufacture, dimensions, good handling techniques, and in the evalua evaluatio tion n proced procedure uress in this this method method.. The second second group group consid considers ers the applic applicati ation on or use, use, specifi specifical cally ly instal installat lation ion,, environmen environment, t, temperat temperature, ure, hazard hazard involved, involved, life expectanc expectancy y desired, and the degree of reliability selected.
NOTE A1.1—The calculated result for S may may be multiplied by the factor 6.985 to convert from psi to kPa.
Hydrostaticc Design Design Basis— Basis— The A1.4 Hydrostati T he valu valuee of S is determined by extrapolation of the regression line to 50 years in accordance with Practice D 2992.
A1.5 Hydrostat —Convert the Hydrostatic ic Design Design Basic Categories Categories—Convert value of the HDB to internal hydrostatic pressure in psig as follows: P1 5 2 ~t h sin u! ~HDB! / D
The pipe is categorized in accordance with Table A1.1.
NOTE A1.3—It A1.3—It is not the intent of this standard to give service (design) (design) factors factors.. The servic servicee (design (design)) factor factor should should be select selected ed by the design design engineer engineer after evaluating evaluating fully the service conditions and the engineering prop proper ertie tiess of the the spec specifi ificc pipe pipe mate materi rial al under under cons consid ider erat atio ion. n. Recommended service (design) factors will not be developed or issued by ASTM.
NOTE A1.2—The calculated result P 1 may be multiplied by the factor 6.895 to convert from psig to kPa.
A1.6 Pressure Pressure Class Rating—The classes shown in Table A1.1 are based on the intended working pressure in psig for
A2. CALCULA CALCULATIONS TIONS OF LOWER CONFIDENC CONFIDENCE E (LCL) AND LOWER PREDICTION PREDICTION (LPL) LIMITS
Œ Œ
h LCL 5 ~a 1 bf o ! 2 ts h LPL 5 ~a 1 bf o ! 2 ts
f o 5 log of stress ~strain! level of interest
1 f o 2 F !2 1 U N
NOTE A2.1—Of the expected failures at stress (strain) f o 97.5 % will occur after h LPL. The average failure time at stress (strain) f o will occur later than h LCL 97.5 % of the time.
2
1 ~ f o 2F ! 1 11 U N
where all symbols are as defined in Annexes A1 and A3 of Practice D 2992 except:
APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) X1. STRAIN CORROSION PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
X1.1 X1.1 From From Moli Molin n and and Leon Leonha hard rdt, t, the the expr expres essi sion on for for bendin bending g strain strain is given given as: eb 5 Df (t/d ) (dv/d ). ). With With the common common accept acceptanc ancee that that these these pipes pipes must must be capabl capablee of withstanding 5 % deflection long-term, the maximum installed bending strain may be expressed as:
of 1.50 1.50,, the the mini minimu mum m stra strain in corr corros osio ion n perf perfor orma manc ncee extrapolated to 50 years must be: E scv $ ~0.075!~ D f ! ~t / d d !
X1.2 X1.2 The shap shapee factor factor,, D f , is dependent on both the pipe stiffness stiffness and the installa installation tion (for example, example, backfill backfill material material,, backfil backfilll density density,, compac compactio tion n method, method, haunch haunching ing,, trench trench configuration, native-soil characteristics and vertical loading).
eb max 5 ~0.05! ~ D f ! ~t/d !
Using the AWWA C-950 long-term bending factor of safety 12
D 3754 Assuming Assuming conservat conservativel ively y, installa installations tions achieved achieved by tamped tamped compaction with inconsistent haunching that will limit longterm deflections to 5 %, the following values of D f have been selected to be realistic, representative and limiting. Substituting yields the thes thesee valu values es in the the abov abovee equa equati tion on for for E SCV yields minimum required strain corrosion performances given below and in Table 4. Pipe Stiffness (psi)
D f
9 18 36 72
8.0 6.5 5.5 4.5
X1.3 X1.3.1 .1 At 0.1 0.1 h (6 min) min),, the the requ requir ired ed stra strain in corr corros osio ion n performance is based on the level B deflections from Table 6 as follows: e test $ Df
t Id 1 dV/2
GF
dV d 1 dV/2
G
(3)
D
(4)
or
Minimum E Minimum E SCV Performance 0.60 0.49 0.41 0.34
F
e test $ Df ~t/d ! ~dV/d !
S
1 1 1 dV /2d
2
Df for for parall parallel el plate plate loadin loading g is 4.28. 4.28. Making Making the other other substitutions yield:
(t/d ) (t/d ) (t/d ) (t/d )
NOTE X1.1—Products may have used limits of other than 5 % longterm deflection. In such cases, the requirements should be proportionally adjusted. For example, a 4 % long-term limiting deflection would result in a 50 year requirement of 80 % of Table 4, while a 6 % limiting deflection would yield a requirement of 120 % of Table 4.
Pipe Pipe Stif Stiffn fnes ess s (psi (psi))
Leve Levell B d v / / d d (%)
9 18 36 72
30 25 20 15
Minimum Test 0.97 0.85 0.71 0.56
(t/d ) (t/d ) (t/d ) (t/d )
X1.3.2 X1.3.2 The minim minimum um strain strain values values at 10, 100, 1000, 1000, and 10 000 000 h give given n in Table able 4 are are defin defined ed by a stra straig ight ht line line connecting the points at 6 min and 50 years on a log-log plot.
X1.3 Alternative Strain Corrosion Test Test Requirements:
X2. INSTALLATION INSTALLATION
X2.1 X2.1 This This specifi specificat cation ion is a mater material ial perform performanc ancee and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for engineering design, pressure surges, bedding, backfill, or the relationship between earth cover load, and the strength of the pipe. pipe. Howeve However, r, experi experienc encee has shown shown that that succes successfu sfull performance of this product depends upon the proper type of
bedding and backfill, pipe characteristics, and care in the field constructi construction on work. The purchaser purchaser of the fiberglass fiberglass pressure pressure pipe pipe spec specifi ified ed here herein in is caut cautio ione ned d that that he must must prop proper erly ly correlate the field requirements with the pipe requirements and provide adequate inspection at the job site.
X3. RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED METHODS METHODS OF DETERMINING DETERMINING GLASS CONTENT
X3.1 Determine Determine glass glass content content as follows: follows:
X3.1.2 X3.1.2 As a proces processs contro control, l, by weight weight of the glass glass fiber fiber reinforcement applied by machine into the pipe structure.
X3.1.1 By ignition ignition loss analysis analysis in accordanc accordancee with Test Test Method D 2584 or ISO 1172.
The American Society for Testing Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
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