ASTM D2240_2005

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Designation: D 2240 – 04

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Standard Test Method for

Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2240; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1

e

NOTE—Editorial changes were made in April 2005.

1. Sco Scope pe

1.1 This test method method covers twelve types types of rubber hardness hardness measurement devices known as durometers: Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, M, O, OO, OOO, OOO-S, and R. The procedure for determinin deter mining g inden indentati tation on hardn hardness ess of substa substances nces class classified ified as thermoplastic elastomers, rubber, tomer tomeric ic mater materials, ials, cellularvulcanized materials, mater ials,(thermoset) gel-like gel-l ike mater materials, ials,elasand some plastics is also described. 1.2 This test method is not equivalent equivalent to other indentation indentation hardne har dness ss met method hodss and ins instru trumen mentt typ types, es, spe specifi cifical cally ly tho those se described in Test Method D 1415. 1415. 1.3 1. 3 Th This is te test st me meth thod od is no nott ap appl plic icab able le to th thee te test stin ing g of coated fabrics. 1.4 1. 4 Th Thee va valu lues es st stat ated ed in SI un unit itss ar aree to be re rega gard rded ed as standard. The given in parentheses information only. Many ofvalues the stated dimensions in SIare arefor direct conversions from the U. S. Customary System to accommodate the instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to the Metric Conversion Act of 1975. 1.5 All material materials, s, ins instru trumen ments, ts, or equ equipm ipment ent use used d for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other inter internatio nationally nally recog recognized nized organ organizat izations ions paral parallel lel in nature. 1.6 This standar standard d doe doess not purport purport to add addre ress ss all of the safe sa fety ty co conc ncer erns ns,, if an any, y, as asso soci ciat ated ed wi with th it itss us use. e. It is th thee responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Refer Referenced enced Documents Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

2

1

This test method is under the jurisdiction jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10 on Physical Testing. Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2240 – 03. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactt ASTM Custome contac Customerr Service at service service@astm. @astm.org. org. For For Annual Annual Book of ASTM volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Standards volume Standards the ASTM website website..

D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Ele lation D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for T D 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Electrical Insulating Materials D 1349 Practice Practice for Rubber Rubber—Stan —Standard dard Temp Testing D 1415 Tes Testt Met Method hod for Rub Rubber ber Pro Proper perty— ty—II Hardness D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black In F 1957 Te Test st Me Metho thod d for Com Compos posite ite Fo Foam am Durometer Hardness 2.2 ISO Standard: Standard:3 ISO/IEC 1999and General Requirements petence17025: of Testing Calibration Laboratof ri Laboratori 3. Summar Summary y of Test Test Method

3.1 This test method permits permits hardness measure measure on eithe eitherr initi initial al inden indentatio tation n or inden indentatio tation n after period of time, or both. Durometers with maxim indicators used to determine maximum hardness material may yield lower hardness when the ma cator used. 3.2 isThe procedures for Type procedures Type M, or micro hard eters, accommodate specimens that are, by their di configuration, ordinarily unable to have their duro ness determined by the other durometer types des M durometers are intended for the testi testing ng of speci a thickness or cross-sectional diameter of 1.25 m or greater, although specimens of lesser dimensi successfully accommodated under the conditions Section 6, an and d ha have ve a Typ ypee M du duro rome mete terr ha harr between 20 and 90. Those specimens which have hardness range other than specified shall use anot procedure proce dure for deter determinin mining g durome durometer ter hardne hardness. ss.

3

Available Avail able from Internat International ional Organiz Organization ation for Standa Standardizatio rdization n Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland. Varembé,

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Not for Resale Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper (ASTMIHS Account); Mon Apr 11 15:09:23 EDT 200

D 2240 – 04

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- - ` , , ` , , , - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - -

FIG. 1 (a) Type A and C Indentor

4. Significance and Use 4.1 This test method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus and viscoelastic behavior of the material. The geometry of the indentor and the applied force influence the measurements such that no simple relationship exists between the measurements obtained with one type of durometer and those obtained with another type of durometer or other instruments used for measuring hardness. This test method is an empirical test intended primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested. For specification purposes, it is recommended that Test Method D 785 be used for materials other than those described in 1.1. 5. Apparatus 5.1 Hardness Measuring Apparatus, or Durometer, and an Operating Stand , Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3 (see 5.1.2) consisting of the following components:

5.1.1.3 Presser Foot —flat circular designs de Type xR , where x is the standard durometer design indicates the flat circular press foot described example, Type aR , dR , and the like. The presser fo centrally located orifice (to allow for the protru indentor) of a diameter as specified in Fig. 1 (a thr flat circular presser foot shall be 18 6 0.5 mm (0.71 in diameter. These durometer types shall be operating stand (see 5.1.2). (a) Durometers having a presser foot configu than that indicated in 5.1.1.3 shall not use th designation, and it is recommended that their

configuration and size be stated in the Hardness Report (see 10.2.4). 5.1.1.4 Presser Foot, Type M , with a centr orifice (to allow for the protrusion of the indento diameter as specified in Fig. 1 (d), with the center of 1.60 mm (0.063 in.) from any edge of the presser foot. The Type M durometer shall be used operating stand (see 5.1.2.4).

5.1.1 Durometer : , the configuration and the total area of 5.1.1.1 Presser Foot a durometer presser foot may produce varying results when there are significant differences between them. It is recommended that when comparing durometer hardness determinations of the same type (see 4.1), that the comparisons be between durometers of similar presser foot configurations and total area, and that the presser foot configuration and size be noted in the Hardness Measurement Report (see 10.2.4 and

5.1.1.5 Indentor , formed from steel rod and hard HV10 and shaped in accordance with Fig. 1 (a, b, polished over the contact area so that no flaws are v 203 magnification, with an indentor extension of mm (0.098 6 0.002 in.).

5.1.1.3). 5.1.1.2 Presser Foot , Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, O, OO, OOO, and OOO-S, with an orifice (to allow for the protrusion of the indentor) having a diameter as specified in Fig. 1 (a, b, c, d, e, f, and g), with the center a minimum of 6.0 mm (0.24 in.) from any edge of the foot. When the presser foot is not of a flat circular design, the area shall not be less than 500 2 mm (19.7 in.25). 百度一下 ASTM D2240 _200

20 magnification, with an indentor extension of 3(0.198 mm 6 0.002 in.).

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5.1.1.6 Indentor, Type OOO-S , formed from st hardened to 500 HV10, shaped in accordance wit polished over the contact area so that no flaws are v

5.1.1.7 Indentor, Type M , formed from steel ro ened to 500 HV10 and shaped in accordance wit polished over the contact area so that no flaws are v 503 magnification, with an indentor extension of mm (0.049 6 0.001 in.).  下载 0 下载券 5.1.1.8 Indentor Extension Indicator , analo or

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NOTEin1—The Type OOO and the Type OOO-S, differ their indentor configuration, spring force,designated and the herein, results obtained. See Table 1 a nd Fig. 1 (e and g).

tronic, a display indentorhaving extension so that:that is an inverse fun

2 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Not for Resale Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper (ASTMIHS Account); Mon Apr 11 15:09:23 EDT 200

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D 2240 – 04

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FIG. 1 (b) Type B and D Indentor (continued)

FIG. 1 (c) Type O, DO, and OO Indentor (continued)

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FIG. 1 (d) Type M Indentor (continued) 评价文档：

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分享到： the display shallthroughout indicate from to百度一下 100 at with (a)equal 100 divisions the0 range a no rateless of than one ASTM D2240 _200 5


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ar ness po nt or eac . mm . n. o n entor movement, (b) the display for Type OOO-S durometers shall indicate from 0 to 100 with no less than 100 equal divisions throughout the range at a rate of one hardness point for each 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) of indentor movement, (c) the display for Type M durometers shall indicate from 0

on the dial and indicate 0, 100, or both. 5.1.1.9 Timing Device (optional) , capable of b desired elapsed time, signaling the operator or hardness reading when the desired elapsed tim reached. The timer shall be automatically activat presser foot is in contact with the specimen bein example, the initial indentor travel has ceased. tronic durometers may be equipped with electr

to 100 with no less than 100 equal divisions at a rate of one hardness point for each 0.0125 mm (0.0005 in.) of indentor movement, and

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D 2240 – 04

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FIG. 1 (e) Type OOO Indentor (continued)

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devices that shall not affect the indicated reading or determinations attained by more than one-half of the calibration tolerance stated in Table 1. 5.1.1.10 Maximum Indicators (optional), maximum indicating pointers are auxiliary analog indicating hands designed to remain at the maximum hardness value attained until reset by the operator. Electronic maximum indicators are digital displays electronically indicating and maintaining the maximum value hardness valued achieved until reset by the operator. 5.1.1.11 Analog maximum indicating pointers have been shown to have a nominal effect on the values attained, however, this effect is greater on durometers of lesser total

determinations (see 10.2.4). Analog Type M, OO, Type OOO-S durometers shall not be equipped wit indicating pointers. 5.1.1.12 Digital electronic durometers may b with electronic maximum indicators that shall n indicated reading or determinations attained by m half of the spring calibration tolerance stated in T 5.1.1.13 Calibrated Spring, for applying force t tor, in accordance with Fig. 1 (a through g) and applying the forces as specified in Table 1. 5.1.2 Operating Stand (Fig. 2): 5.1.2.1 Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 shall be

mainspring loads;onfor example, the effect of a maximum indicating pointer Type D durometer determinations will be less than those determinations achieved using a Type A durometer. Analog style durometers may be equipped with maximum indicating pointers. The effect of a maximum indicating pointer shall be noted at the time of calibration in the calibration report (see 10.1.5), and when reporting hardness

supporting the durometer presser foot surface pa specimen support table (Fig. 3) throughout the tra The durometer presser foot to specimen support ta ism shall be verified each time the test specimen s is adjusted to accommodate specimens of varying This may be accomplished by applying the durom foot to the point of contact with the specimen supp 4


Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Not for Resale Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper (ASTMIHS Account); Mon Apr 11 15:09:23 EDT 200

D 2240 – 04

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FIG. 1 (g) Type E Indentor (continued) TABLE 1 Durometer Spring Force CalibrationA All Values are in N

A

Indicated Value

Type A, B, E, O

Type C, D, DO

Type M

Type OO, OOO

0 10 20 30 40

0.55 1.3 2.05 2.8 3.55

0 4.445 8.89 13.335 17.78

0.324 0.368 0.412 0.456 0.5

0.203 0.294 0.385 0.476 0.566

50 60 70 80 90 100 N/durometer unit Spring Calibration Tolerance

4.3 5.05 5.8 6.55 7.3 8.05 0.075 6 0.075 N

22.225 26.67 31.115 35.56 40.005 44.45 0.4445 6 0.4445 N

0.544 0.589 0.633 0.677 0.721 0.765 0.0044 6 0.0176 N

0.657 0.748 0.839 0.93 1.02 1.111 0.00908 6 0.0182 N

Refer to 5.1.1.3 for the Type xR designation.

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bly or as specified by the manufacturer. 5.1.2.2 Operating Stand, Type 1 (specimen to indentor type), shall be capable of applying the specimen to the indentor in a manner that minimizes shock. 5.1.2.3 Operating Stand, Type 2 (indentor to specimen type), shall be capable of controlling the rate of descent of the

. . . , . operating stand, and having a solid flat surface. T support platform may have orifices designed to ac inserts or support fixtures (Fig. 3) to provide for th irregularly configured specimens. When inserts support test specimens, care must be taken to align to the center of the insert, or the point at which th

indentor the specimen a maximum of 3.20 the mm/s (0.125 in./s) andto applying a force at sufficient to overcome calibrated spring force as shown in Table 1. 5.1.2.4 Operating Stand, Type 3 (indentor to specimen type), hydraulic dampening, pneumatic dampening, or electromechanical (required for the operation of Type M durometers) shall be capable of controlling the rate of descent of the indentor to the specimen at a maximum of 3.2 mm/s (0.125 in./s) and applying a force sufficient to overcome the calibrated

to contact the specimen. Care should be exercised t the indentor does not abruptly contact the speci table as damage to the indentor may result.

spring force as shown in Table 1 Manual application, Type 1 or Type 2 operating stands are not acceptable for Type M durometer operation. 5.1.2.5 The entire instrument should be plumb and level, and resting on a surface that will minimize vibration. Operating the instrument under adverse conditions will negatively affect the determinations attained.

6.0-mm (0.24-in.) values are obtained with a thinn 6.1.1 A specimen may be composed of plied pie the necessary thickness, but determinations ma specimens may not agree with those made on solid as the surfaces of the plied specimens may not be contact. The lateral dimensions of the specim sufficient to permit measurements at least 12.0 m

6. Test Specimen

6.1 The test specimen, herein referred to as “s “test specimen” interchangeably, shall be at least 6. in.) in thickness unless it is known that results equi

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