1. Scope *
:urposes
method covers a procedure for testing si%es of
Designation coarse aggregate smaller than 3&.' mm !1 1 ( ) : C 131 – 03 resistance
in." for
'
3. Terminolog#
to degradation using the *os ngeles testing machine !+ote 3.1 De#nitions -or definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C 1)'. 1". (. S'mmar# of Test Method +T# 1- procedure for testing coarse aggregate larger than 1./ mm
Standard
!3 ( 0 in." is covered in Test ethod C '3'.
0.1 This test is a measure of degradation of mineral aggre
1.) The values stated in $2 units are to be regarded as the
Test
standard. The inchpound values given in parentheses are for information only.
Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Resistanc responsibility of the user of this standard to establish approe to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
gates of standard gradings resulting from a combination of actions including abrasion or attrition, impact, and grinding in a rotating steel drum containing a specified number of steel spheres, the number depending upon the grading of the test sample. s the drum rotates, a shelf plate pic@s up the sample and the steel spheres, carrying them around until they are dropped to the opposite side of the drum, creating an impact crushing effect. The contents then roll within the drum with an abrading and grinding action until the shelf plate pic@s up the sample and the steel spheres, and the cycle is repeated. fter the prescribed number of revolutions, the contents are removed from the drum and the aggregate portion is sieved to measure the degradation as percent loss.
Degradat bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. ion of &. Referenced Doc'ments Small).1 ASTM Standards Sie 45 4 $pecification for 6eneral 7e8uirements for 7olled $tructural $teel 9ars, :lates, $hapes, and $heet ). Signicance and +se Coarse '.1 This test has been widely used as an indicator of the :iling !ggregat C 1)' Terminology 7elating to Concrete and Concrete relative 8uality or competence of various sources of aggregate having similar mineral compositions. The results do not ggregates e C 134 Test ethod for $ieve nalysis of ine and Coarse automatically permit valid comparisons to be made between "# sources distinctly different in origin, composition, or structure. ggregates !"rasion C '3' Test ethod for 7esistance to
3
3
3
1
for Test ethods for Construction aterials C &/) :ractice for 7educing $amples of ggregate to Testing $i%e < &' :ractice for $ampling ggregates 3
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C
ig. 1, shall be used. The machine shall consist of a hollow steel cylinder, with a wall thic@ness of not less than 1).0 mm
3
0
Annual !oo" of ASTM Standards, ?ol 10./).
131; the number
'
immediately 1 This test method is under the =urisdiction of $T Committee C/ on Concrete and Concrete ggregates and is the direct responsibility of $ubcommittee designation indicates C/.)/ on + ormal >eight ggregates. the year of Current edition approved arch 1/, )//3. :ublished pril )//3. riginally
following the
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. number in parentheses indicates the
approved in 13&. *ast previous edition approved in )//1 as C 131/1. ) Annual !oo" of ASTM Standards , ?ol /1./0. 3 Annual !oo" of ASTM Standards , ?ol /0./). 0 Annual !oo" of ASTM Standards , ?ol /0./3.
year of last reapproval.
superscript epsilon !e" indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
*! S'mmar# of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
# 11 $peci $ieves for Testing 1.1
s
Thi
test
C 131 – 03
6.4 mm
12.7
25.4
89
190 $nch 'i/alents
102
152
508
711
1270 in 1 ⁄ 4 1 ⁄ 2 1 31 ⁄ 4 6 71 ⁄ 2 2 50 . 2 2 0 8
$ M
cn stub shafts yattached to !+ote )" lthe closed at iends of the ncylinder but both dnot entering ends, eit, and shall r mounted conformi be ng to the in such a smanner that dimensio hit rotates ns awith the axis shown in lin a ig. 1, lhori%ontal having an position bwithin a inside diameter etolerance in of &11 4 ' slope of 1 in 1//. n mm !)A m o 4 /.) in.", opening in uthe cylinder and an nshall be inside t for length of provided e '/A 4 ' the mm !)/ 4 dintroduction /.) in.". of the test o The sample.
suitable !of the , dust 3cylinder, tight .in such a cover 'way that shall be a plane provide 4centered d for between the /the large opening faces . with 1coincides means with an for axial i bolting plane. n the The shelf cover in.shall be place. "of such The thic@ness cover sand so shall be hmounted, so a bolts by designe lor other d as to lsuitable maintai bmeans, as n the eto be firm cylindri and rigid. ) cal m The contour position o uof the of n the shelf interior t!+ote 3" surface eshall be unless dsuch that the othe shelf is sample n so and the located steel t that the spheres h charge eshall not will not impact fall on ion nor near the cover, tthe or comeeopening r in and its i contact cover, o with it r and that during the the cdistance test. yfrom the remova l i ble n steel shelf d extendi r ng the i c full a length l of the cylinde s r and u pro=ecti r f ng inward a A 4 ) c e mm
umfer sence
ve be 9a sm is einside such r of the # that c@very ,cover the las li@ely )- plate, charg This amay be h to sused e is furnish is provide caug or h test ed the ht on results the sli ldirectio the which n of mini f outsi pare not rotation de induplicat mu cis surfa ed by m osuch the other nthat the ce of *os toler scharge the dri ngeles iwill be angle machine ance vin scaught . s per ton the g +T produci ioutside ng mitt me nface of # constant ed gthe ch peripher angle. al on o ani 4.1. 0- speed. f +T
hof the ecylin lder in the f direct ion of trotati oon, shall be tnot hless ethan 1)&/ mm o!'/ pin.". e2nspe nct the 1).& 1 ishelf perio mm a The n dicall ! ( gy to s mac ,deter in." e hine c mine rolled t shal steel that it plate i l be m o is not as e so bent descri n aeither bed in driv slengt $peci o en f uhwise ficatio and n or r r 45 so from o 4. eits l cou +T dnorm # l nter e al 3- d bal aradial The anced positi use a l of a as to on n shel maint owith g f of ain a nrespe wea l substa e gct to r ,ntiall the resis y cylin tant p tder. 2f steel unifor r m heither , o rect perip econdi ang pheral tion e ular speed is r ofound in l!+ote cros y0". 2f u, s an trepair sectio m n and angle or s ois repla mount u used ice the ed n indep as the dshelf t enden shelf, e befor e tly of the d e the direct furthecover, cr tests is oion of iare prefer nrotati on cond red. t r Bowe shall h cucted. 1)
C 131 – 03 4.) Sieves, conforming to $pecification # 11.
.1.1 2f the aggregate is essentially free of adherent coatings 4.3 !alance - balance or scale and dust, the re8uirement for washing accurate within /.1 of after the test is optional. test load over the range re8uired for Bowever, in the case of referee testing, this test. the washing procedure 4.0 %harge -The charge shall shall be performed. consist of steel spheres aver +T# 4-?aluable information concerning the aging approximately 04.A mm !1)& ( 3)
uniformity of the sample
in." in diameter and each
having a mass of between 3/ and 00' g. 4.0.1 The charge, !+ote '" depending upon the grading of
under test may be obtained by determining the loss after 1// revolutions. The loss should be determined by dry sieving the material on the 1.&/mm sieve without washing. The ratio of the loss after 1// revolutions to the
the test sample as described in $ection A, shall be as followsD Grading A B C D
Number of Spheres 12 11 8 6
Mass of Charge, g 5000 4 25 4584 4 25 3330 4 20 2500 4 15
+T# '-$teel ball bearings 04./ mm !1 13 ( 14 in." and 0&.4 mm !1 & ( Ain." in diameter, having a mass of approximately 0// and 00/ g each, respectively, are readily available. $teel spheres 04.A mm !1)& ( 3) in." in diameter having a mass of approximately 0)/ g may also be obtainable. The charge may consist of a mixture of these si%es conforming to the mass
tolerances of 4.0 and 4.0.1.
2. Sampling
&.1 btain the field sample in accordance with :ractice < &', and reduce the field sample to ade8uate sample si%e in accordance with :ractice C &/). . Test Sample 4reparation
A.1 >ash the reduced sample and oven dry at 11/ 4 'EC !)3/ 4 E" to substantially constant mass !see .1.1", separate into individual si%e fractions, and recombine to the grading of Table 1 most nearly corresponding to the range of si%es in the aggregate as furnished for the wor@. 7ecord the mass of the sample prior to test to the nearest 1 g. 5. 4roced're .1 :lace the test sample and the charge in the *os ngeles
testing machine and rotate the machine at a speed of 3/ to 33
loss after '// revolutions should not greatly exceed /.)/ for material of uniform hardness. >hen this determination is made, ta@e care to avoid losing any part of the sample; return the entire sample, including the dust of fracture, to the testing machine for the final 0// revolutions re8uired to complete the test. +T# &-#limination of washing after test will seldom reduce the
r5min for '// revolutions !+ote 4". fter the prescribed number of revolutions, discharge the material from the machine and ma@e a preliminary separation of the sample on a sieve coarser than the 1.&/mm !+o. 1)" sieve. $ieve the finer portion on a 1.&/mm sieve in a manner conforming to Test ethod C 134. >ash the material coarser than the 1.&/ mm !+o. 1)" sieve and ovendry at 11/ 4 'EC !)3/ 4 E" to substantially constant mass !see .1.1", and determine the mass to the nearest 1 g !+ote &".
measured loss by more than about /.) of the original sample mass.
10. Calc'lation
1/.1 Calculate the loss !difference between the
nominal maximum si%e; 11.1.) 6rading designation from Table 1 used for the test;
and 11.1.3 *oss by abrasion and impact of the sample expressed
to the nearest 1 by mass. original mass and the final mass of the test sample" as a percentage 1&. 4recision and 6ias of 1).1 or nominal 1./mm the original mass of the test !3 ( 0in." maximum si%e coarse sample. 7eport this value as aggregate with percent losses in the the range of 1/ to 0' , the percent loss !+ote A". multilaboratory coefficient of has been found to be 0.' . Therefore, results of two by this test method has no @nown properly conducted tests consistent relationship to the percent from two different laboratories loss for the same material when on samples of the same coarse tested by Test ethod C '3'. aggregates are not expected to 11. Report differ from each other by more 11.1 7eport the following +T#
A-The percent loss determined variation 4
informationD 11.1.1 2dentification of the aggregate as to source, type, and
4
These numbers represent, respectively, the !1s"
and !d)s" limits as
described in :ractice C 4&/.
T!6% 1 radings of Test Samples M Sieve
a
Size
sD
(Square
s
Openings )
o f
Passing Retained on
I n d i c a t e d
S i z e s , g Grading A
B
C 37.5 mm
(11 ⁄ 2
in.)
25.0
mm (1 in.)
19.0 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in.) 12.5 mm (1 ⁄ 2 in.) 9.5 mm (3 ⁄ 8 in.) 6.3 mm (1 ⁄ 4 in.) 4.75-mm (No. 4) Total
25.0 mm (1 in.) 19.0 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in.) 12.5 mm (1 ⁄ 2 in.) 9.5 mm (3 ⁄ 8 in.) 6.3 mm (1 ⁄ 4 in.) 4.75-mm (No. 4) 2.36-mm (No. 8)
1 250 4 25 1 250 4 25 1 250 4 10 1 250 4 10 ... ... ...
... ... 2 500 4 10 2 500 4 10 ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 2 500 4 10 2 500 4 10 ...
... ... ... ... ... ... 5 000 4 10
5 000 4 10
5 000 4 10
5 000 4 10
5 000 4 10
3
C 131 – 03 than 1).& !' probability" of their average. The
13. 7e#8ords
4
single
13.1 abrasion; aggregate !coarse; small si%e"; degradation; impact; *os ngeles machine
operator coefficient of variation has been found to be )./ . Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same coarse aggregate are not expected to differ from each other by more than '.& !' 4
probability" of their average.
4
1).) !ias -$ince there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for this procedure, no state
ment on bias is being made.
!449D$ ;9onmandator# $nformation< 1. M!$9T9!9C = S>%
F1.1 The shelf of the *os ngeles machine is sub=ect to severe surface wear and impact. >ith use, the wor@ing surface of the shelf is peened by the b alls and tends to develop a ridge of metal parallel to and about 3) mm !1 1 ( 0 in." from the =unction of the shelf and the inner surface of the cylinder. 2f the shelf is made from a section of rolled angle, not only may this ridge develop but the shelf itself may be bent longitudinally or
transversely from its proper position.
mine that it is not bent either lengthwise or from its normal radial position with respect to the cylinder. 2f either condition is found, the shelf should be repaired or replaced before further tests are made. The inGuence on the test result of the ridge developed by peening of the wor@ing face of the shelf is not @nown. Bowever, for uniform test conditions, it is recom mended that the ridge be ground off if its height exceeds ) mm !/.1 in.".
F1.) The shelf should be inspected periodically to deter
S+MM!R? = C>!9S
This section identifies the location of changes to this test method that have been incorporated since the last issue !C 131/1". !4" .1 was revised. !1" 1.) was revised. !&" .1.1 was revised. !)" $pecification 45 4 was added to $ection ). !A" 1).1 was revised. !3" 4.1 was revised, and +ote ) was added. !" +ote 4 was revised. !0" 7emaining notes were renumbered. !1/" ig. 1 was revised. !'" A.1 was revised.
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