This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C117 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original origin al adoption or, in the case of revis revision, ion, the year of last revision. revision. A number in paren parenthese thesess indicates the year of last reappr reapproval. oval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Sco Scope* pe*
2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents
1.1 This test method covers covers the determination determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test. 1.2 Two procedures procedures are includ included, ed, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-µm (No. 200)) sie 200 sieve ve fro from m the coa coarse rserr mat materi erial. al. Un Unles lesss oth otherw erwise ise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used. 1.3 The values values stated in SI uni units ts are to be reg regard arded ed as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 The text of this standard standard references references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. standard d doe doess not purport purport to add addre ress ss all of the 1.5 This standar safet sa fetyy co conc ncer erns ns,, if an anyy, as asso socia ciate ted d wi with th its us use. e. It is th thee responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This int intern ernati ationa onall sta standa ndard rd was dev develo eloped ped in acc accor or-dance with internationally recognized principles on standardizatio iza tion n es esta tabl blis ishe hed d in th thee De Decis cisio ion n on Pr Prin incip ciple less fo forr th thee Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 Thiss tes Thi testt met method hod is und under er the jur jurisd isdict iction ion of ASTM Com Commit mittee tee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on C09.20 on Aggregates. Current Curre nt editio edition n approv approved ed Aug. 1, 2017. Published Published Augus Augustt 2017. Originally Originally approved approv ed in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C11 C117 7 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0117-17.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 C136 Test C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates C670 Practice C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials C702 Practice C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Testing Size D75 Practice D75 Practice for Sampli Sampling ng Aggregates Aggregates E11 Specification E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves 2.2 AASHTO Standard: T11 Me Meth thod od of Tes estt fo forr Am Amou ount nt of Ma Mater terial ial Fi Fine nerr th than an 3 0.075-mm 0.075 -mm Sieve in Aggregate 3. Summ Summary ary of Test Test Method 3.1 A sample sample of the agg aggreg regate ate is was washed hed in a pre prescr scribe ibed d manner, using either plain water or water containing a wetting agent, age nt, as spe specifi cified. ed. The dec decant anted ed was wash h wat water er,, con contain taining ing suspended and dissolved material, is passed through a 75-µm (No.. 200 (No 200)) siev sieve. e. The los losss in mass res result ulting ing from the was wash h treatment is calculated as mass percent of the original sample and is reported as the percentage of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve by washing. 4. Signi Significanc ficancee and Use 4.1 Mat Materia eriall fine finerr tha than n the 75-µm 75-µm (No (No.. 200 200)) siev sievee can be separa sep arated ted fro from m lar larger ger par particl ticles es muc much h mor moree ef effficie icientl ntly y and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 µm in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 Availab vailable le from American Association Association of State Highway and Tra Transpor nsportation tation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.
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C117 − 17 is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136, and the total amount of material finer than 75 µm by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 µm obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate. 4.2 Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer than 75 µm from the coarser material with most aggregates. In some cases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that have been extracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases, the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting agent in the water. 5. Apparatus and Materials 5.1 Balance— A balance or scale readable and accurate to 0.1 g or 0.1 % of the test load, whichever is greater, at any point within the range of use. 5.2 Sieves— A nest of two sieves, the lower being a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve and the upper a 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve, both conforming to the requirements of Specification E11. 5.3 Container— A pan or vessel of a size sufficient to contain the sample covered with water and to permit vigorous agitation without loss of any part of the sample or water. 5.4 Oven— An oven of sufficient size, capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 6 5°C. 5.5 Wetting Agent— Any dispersing agent, such as liquid dishwashing detergents, that will promote separation of the fine materials. NOTE 1—The use of a mechanical apparatus to perform the washing operation is not precluded, provided the results are consistent with those obtained using manual operations. The use of some mechanical washing equipment with some samples may cause degradation of the sample.
6. Sampling 6.1 Sample the aggregate in accordance with Practice D75. If the same test sample is to be tested for sieve analysis according to Test Method C136, comply with the applicable requirements of that test method. 6.2 Thoroughly mix the sample of aggregate to be tested and reduce the quantity to an amount suitable for testing using the applicable methods described in Practice C702. If the same test sample is to be tested according to Test Method C136, the minimum mass shall be as described in the applicable sections of that method. Otherwise, the mass of the test sample, after drying, shall conform with the following: Nominal Maximum SizeA 4.75 mm (No. 4) or smaller Greater than 4.75 mm (No. 4) to 9.5 mm (3 ⁄ 8 in.) Greater than 9.5 mm (3 ⁄ 8 in.) to 19.0 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in.) Greater than 19.0 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in.)
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Minimum Mass, g 300 1000 2500 5000
A
Based on sieve sizes meeting Specification E11.
7. Selection of Procedure 7.1 Procedure A shall be used, unless otherwise specified by the Specification with which the test results are to be compared, or when directed by the agency for which the work is performed. 8. Procedure A—Washing with Plain Water 8.1 Dry the test sample in the oven to constant mass at a temperature of 110 6 5°C. Determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 % of the mass of the test sample. 8.2 If the applicable specification requires that the amount passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve shall be determined on a portion of the sample passing a sieve smaller than the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, separate the sample on the designated sieve and determine the mass of the material passing the designated sieve to 0.1 % of the mass of this portion of the test sample. Use this mass as the original dry mass of the test sample in 10.1. NOTE 2—Some specifications for aggregates with a nominal maximum size of 50 mm or greater, for example, provide a limit for material passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve determined on that portion of the sample passing the 25.0-mm sieve. Such procedures are necessary since it is impractical to wash samples of the size required when the same test sample is to be used for sieve analysis by Test Method C136.
8.3 After drying and determining the mass, place the test sample in the container and add sufficient water to cover it. No detergent, dispersing agent, or other substance shall be added to the water. Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result in complete separation of all particles finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine material into suspension. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged with the coarser sieve on top. Take care to avoid, as much as feasible, the decantation of coarser particles of the sample. ` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , ` , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ` , , ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , , , , ` -
8.4 Add a second charge of water to the sample in the container, agitate, and decant as before. Repeat this operation until the wash water is clear. NOTE 3—If mechanical washing equipment is used, the charging of water, agitating, and decanting may be a continuous operation.
8.5 Return all material retained on the nested sieves by flushing to the washed sample. Dry the washed aggregate in the oven to constant mass at a temperature of 110 6 5°C and determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 % of the original mass of the sample. NOTE 4—Following the washing of the sample and flushing any material retained on the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve back into the container, no water should be decanted from the container except through the 75-µm sieve, to avoid loss of material. Excess water from flushing should be evaporated from the sample in the drying process.
9. Procedure B—Washing Using Wetting Agent 9.1 Prepare the sample in the same manner as for Procedure A. 2Licensee=Enterprise Wide -rest of new locations/5940240048, User=kahraman, safak Not for Resale, 11/14/2017 22:14:35 MST
C117 − 17 9.2 After drying and determining the mass, place the test sample in the container. Add sufficient water to cover the sample, and add wetting agent to the water (Note 5). Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result in complete separation of all particles finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine material into suspension. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged with the coarser sieve on top. Take care to avoid, as much as feasible, the decantation of coarser particles of the sample. NOTE 5—There should be enough wetting agent to produce a small amount of suds when the sample is agitated. The quantity will depend on the hardness of the water and the quality of the detergent. Excessive suds may overflow the sieves and carry some material with them.
9.3 Add a second charge of water (without wetting agent) to the sample in the container, agitate, and decant as before. Repeat this operation until the wash water is clear. 9.4 Complete the test as for Procedure A. 10. Calculation 10.1 Calculate the amount of material passing a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve by washing as follows: A 5 @ ~ B 2 C ! / B # 3 100
(1)
where: A = percentage of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve by washing, B = original dry mass of sample, g, and C = dry mass of sample after washing, g. 11. Report 11.1 Report the following information: 11.1.1 Report the percentage of material finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve by washing to the nearest 0.1 %, except if the result is 10 % or more, report the percentage to the nearest whole number. 11.1.2 Include a statement as to which procedure was used. 12. Precision and Bias 12.1 Precision— T he estimates of precision of this test method listed in Table 1 are based on results from the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory Proficiency Sample Program, with testing conducted by this test method and AASHTO Method T 11T11Method of Test for Amount of Material Finer than 0.075-mm Sieve in Aggregate3. The significant differences between the methods at the time the data were acquired is that Method T 11T11Method of Test for
TABLE 1 Precision Standard Deviation (1s)A , %
Acceptable Range of two Results (d2s)A , %
0.10 0.22
0.28 0.62
0.15 0.29
0.43 0.82
Coarse Aggregate B Single-Operator Precision Multilaboratory Precision Fine Aggregate C Single-Operator Precision Multilaboratory Precision A
These numbers represent the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described in Practice C670. B Precision estimates are based on aggregates having a nominal maximum size of 19.0 mm (1 ⁄ 4 in.) with less than 1.5% finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve. C Precision estimates are based on fine aggregates having 1.0 to 3.0% finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve.
Amount of Material Finer than 0.075-mm Sieve in Aggregate3 required, while Test Method C117 prohibited, the use of a wetting agent. The data are based on the analyses of more than 100 paired test results from 40 to 100 laboratories. 12.1.1 The precision values for fine aggregate in Table 1 are based on nominal 500-g test samples. Revision of this test method in 1994 permits the fine aggregate test sample size to be 300 g minimum. Analysis of results of testing of 300-g and 500-g test samples from Aggregate Proficiency Test Samples 99 and 100 (Samples 99 and 100 were essentially identical) produced the precision values in Table 2, which indicates only minor differences due to test sample size. NOTE 6—The values for fine aggregate in Table 1 will be revised to reflect the 300-g test sample size when a sufficient number of Aggregate Proficiency Tests have been conducted using that sample size to provide reliable data.
12.2 Bias— Since there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test method, no statement on bias is made. 13. Keywords 13.1 aggregate; coarse aggregate; fine aggregate; grading; loss by washing; 75 µm (No. 200) sieve; size analysis TABLE 2 Precision Data for 300-g and 500-g Test Samples Fine Aggregate Proficiency Sample Sample No. of Average Size Labs AASHTO T11/ASTM 500 g 270 1.23 C117 Total material 300 g 264 1.20 passing the 75–µm (No. 200) sieve by washing (%) Test Result
Within Laboratory
Between Laboratory
1s
d2s
1s
d2s
0.08
0.24
0.23
0.66
0.10
0.29
0.24
0.68
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C117 − 17 SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C117 – 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2017.) (1) Added new 1.4 and renumbered subsequent sections accordingly. ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or
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