ASTM A123 2013.pdf

Designation: A123/A123M − 13

Standard Specification for

Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A123/A123M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis revision. ion. A number in parentheses parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

way. In the case of orders in SI units, all testing and inspection shal sh alll be do done ne us usin ing g th thee me metr tric ic eq equi uiva vale lent nt of th thee te test st or inspection method as appropriate. In the case of orders in SI units, such shall be stated to the galvanizer when the order is placed.

1. Sco Scope* pe* 1.1 This This spe specific cificatio ation n cov covers ers the req requir uiremen ements ts for zin zincc coating (galvanizing) by the hot-dip process on iron and steel products made from rolled pressed and forged shapes, castings, plates, bars, and strips. 1.2 This specification covers both unfabricated products products and fabricated fabric ated produ products, cts, for example, assemb assembled led steel prod products, ucts, structural steel fabrications, large tubes already bent or welded before galvanizing, and wire work fabricated from uncoated steel wire. This specification also covers steel forgings and iron castings incorporated into pieces fabricated before galvanizing or which are too large to be centrifuged (or otherwise handled to remove excess galvanizing bath metal).

2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 A47/A47M Specifi Specification cation for Ferrit Ferritic ic Malleab Malleable le Iron Castings A90/A90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on A90/A90M Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings A143/A143M Practice A143/A143M Practice for Safeguarding Against Embrittlement of Hot-Dip Galvanized Structural Steel Products and Procedure Proced ure for Detectin Detecting g Embri Embrittlement ttlement A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on A153/A153M Iron and Steel Hardware A384/A384M Practic Practicee for Safegu Safeguarding arding Against Warpage and Dis Distor tortio tion n Dur During ing Hot Hot-Di -Dip p Gal Galvan vanizin izing g of Ste Steel el Assemblies A385 Pra Practic cticee for Pro Provid viding ing Hig High-Q h-Qual uality ity Zinc Coa Coatin tings gs (Hot-Dip) A767/A767M Specifi Specification cation for Zinc-Co Zinc-Coated ated (Galva (Galvanized) nized) Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement A780 Practice A780 Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings A902 Terminology A902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Products B6 Specification B6 Specification for Zinc B487 Test Meth Method od for Mea Measur suremen ementt of Met Metal al and Oxi Oxide de Coating Coat ing Thi Thickn ckness ess by Micr Microsc oscopi opical cal Exa Examin minatio ation n of Cross Sectio Section n B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and B602 Inorganic Coatings B960 Spe Specific cificatio ation n for Pri Prime me Weste estern rn Gra Gradede-Recy Recycled cled (PWG-R) (PWGR) Zinc

NOTE 1—This specification covers those products previously addressed in Specifications A123-78 and A386-78.

1.3 This specification specification does does not apply to wire, pipe, tube, or steel sheet which is galvanized on specialized or continuous lines, or to steel less than 22 gage (0.0299 in.) [0.76 mm] thick. 1.4 1. 4 Th Thee ga galv lvan aniz izin ing g of ha hard rdwa ware re it item emss th that at ar aree to be centrifuged or otherwise handled to remove excess zinc (such as bol bolts ts and sim similar ilar thr thread eaded ed fas fasten teners ers,, cast casting ingss and rol rolled led,, pressed and forged items) shall be in accordance with Specification A153/A153M fication A153/A153M.. 1.5 Fabri Fabricated cated reinforcing reinforcing steel bar assemb assemblies lies are covered by th thee pr pres esen entt sp spec ecific ificat atio ion. n. Th Thee ga galv lvan aniz izin ing g of se sepa para rate te reinforcing steel bars shall be in accordance with Specification A767/A767M.. A767/A767M 1.6 This sp 1.6 speci ecific ficati ation on is ap appl plica icabl blee to or orde ders rs in ei eith ther er inch-po inch -pound und units (as A12 A123) 3) or SI uni units ts (as A123M). A123M). Inc Inchhpound units and SI units are not necessarily exact equivalents. Within the text of this specification and where appropriate, SI units uni ts are shown in par parent enthes heses. es. Each sys system tem shall be use used d independently of the other without combining values in any 1

This specification specification is under the jurisd jurisdiction iction of ASTM Committee Committee A05 on Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A05.13 mittee A05.13 on Structural Shapes and Hardware Specifications. Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally approved in 1928. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A123/A123M - 12. DOI: 10.1520/A0123_A0123M-13. ` ` ` ` , , , ` ` ` , ` , , , , ` ` , ` , , , , ` ` ` , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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A123/A123M − 13 E376 Pra Practi ctice ce fo forr Me Measu asurin ring g Coa Coatin ting g Thi Thick ckne ness ss by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Testing Methods

3.2.2 black, adj— denotes denotes the condition of not galvanized or otherwise coated. For purposes of this specification the word “black” does not refer to the color or condition of surface, or to a surface deposit or contamination.

1) 3. Terminology (See (See Fig. 1)

3.2.3 coating thickness grade, n— the the numerical value from Tabl ablee 1 at th thee in inter terse secti ction on of a mat mater erial ial cat categ egor ory y an and d a thickness range.

3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 The following following terms and definitions definitions are specific to this specification. Ter Terminology minology A902 contain containss oth other er ter terms ms and definitions relating to metallic-coated steel products.

3.2.4 gross dross inclusions, n— the the iron/z iron/zinc inc interme intermetallics tallics presen pre sentt in a gal galvan vanize ized d coa coating ting in a for form m oth other er tha than n fine finely ly dispersed pimples. 3.2.4.1 Discussion— These These inclusions would create an exposed steel spot if they were removed from the coating. These

3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: average coa coating ting thi thickn ckness ess,, n— the 3.2.1 average the ave averag ragee of thr three ee specimen coating thicknesses.

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FIG. 1 Singl Singlee- and Multi-Specimen Multi-Specimen Articles Articles

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A123/A123M − 13 TABLE 1 Minimu Minimum m Average Coating Thickness Grade by Materia Materiall Categ Category ory

Material Category

All Specimens Tested Steel Thickness Thickness Range (Measured), (Measured), in. [mm] 16 <1 ⁄ 16 [<1.6]

1 1 16 to < ⁄ 8 ⁄ 16 [1.6 to <3.2]

1 16 ⁄ 8 to 3 ⁄ 16 [3.2 to 4.8]

1 16 to < ⁄ 4 >3 ⁄ 16 [>4.8 to <6.4]

$1 ⁄ 4 to< 5 ⁄ 8 [$6.4 to <16.0]

>5 ⁄ 8 [>16.0]

45 45 45 45 35 .. .

65 65 65 45 50 ...

75 75 75 75 60 .. .

75 75 75 75 65 ...

10 0 75 75 75 80 100

10 0 1 00 1 00 75 80 100

Structural Shapes Strip and Bar P l a te Pipe and Tubing Wire Reinforcing Bar

less than 160 in. 2 [100 000 mm 2], the entire surface area of each test article constitutes constitutes a specim specimen. en. In the case of an article containing more than one material category or steel thickness range as delineated in in Table 1, 1, that article will contain more than one specimen, as appropriate (see Fig. 1). 1).

inclusi inclu sion onss ar aree ra raise ised d su surf rface acess an and d ar aree eas easily ily kn knoc ocke ked d of off f through contact with lifting straps or chains, tools, fixtures, or other galvan galvanized ized parts. material catego category ry,, n— the 3.2.5 material t he ge gene nera rall cla class ss or ty type pe of material mate rial or pro process cess of man manufa ufactur cture, e, or bot both, h, that nom nomina inally lly describes a unit of product, or from which a unit of product is made. For example, bar grating belongs to the category “strip,” handrail belongs to the category “pipe,” etc.

3.2.10 specimen coating thickness, n— the the average thickness from no less than five test measurements on a specimen, when each measurement location is selected to provide the widest disper dis persio sion n (in all app applica licable ble dir directi ections ons)) of loc locatio ations ns for the steell cate stee categor gory y of the tes testt art article icle within within the confines confines of the specimen volume.

multi-specimen n article, n— a uni 3.2.6 multi-specime unitt of product product who whose se 2 2 surf su rface ace ar area ea is gr grea eater ter th than an 16 160 0 in in.. [10 [100 0 000 mm ]. Fo Forr thickne thic kness ss test testing ing pur purpos poses, es, art article icless who whose se sur surfac facee are areaa is 2 greater than 160 in. are subdivided into three continuous local sectio sec tions ns,, no nomi mina nally lly eq equa uall in su surf rface ace ar area, ea, ea each ch of wh which ich constitutes a specimen. In the case of any such local section containing more than one material category or steel thickness range as delineated in Table 1, 1, that section will contain more than one specimen (see Fig. 1). 1).

article, n— an 3.2.11 test article, an individual unit of product that is a member of the sample and that is examined for conformance to a part of this specification.

4. Order Ordering ing Information Information 4.1 Ord Orders ers for coa coatin tings gs pro provid vided ed und under er thi thiss spe specifi cificati cation on shall include the following: 4.1.1 Quant Quantity ity (number of pieces to be galvanized) galvanized) and total weight. 4.1.2 Descri Description ption (type and size of prod products) ucts) and weight. 4.1.3 ASTM specification specification designation designation and year of issue. 4.1.4 Materi Material al identification identification (see 5.1 (see 5.1)) and surface condition or contamination. 4.1.5 Sampli Sampling ng plan, if dif different ferent from 7.3 7.3.. 4.1.6 Specia Speciall test requir requirements ements (see 8.1 8.1). ). 4.1.7 Specia Speciall requi requirements rements (special (special stackin stacking, g, heavier coating weight, etc.). 4.1.8 Taggin agging g or piece identification identification method.

3.2.7 sample, n— a collection of individual units of product from a single lot selected in accordance with Section 7, and intended to represent that lot for acceptance. If a sample is taken as representing the lot for acceptance, the sample shall be taken at random from the lot without regard to the perceived quality or appearance of any individual unit in the lot being sampled. The sample consists of one or more test articles. single-specimen article, n— a unit of product whose 3.2.8 single-specimen surface area is equal to or less than 160 in. 2 [100 000 mm 2] or that th at is ce cent ntri rifu fuge ged d or ot othe herw rwise ise sim simila ilarl rly y ha hand ndled led in th thee galvanizing process to remove excess galvanizing bath metal (free zinc). For thickness testing purposes, the entire surface area of each unit of product constitutes a specimen. In the case of any such article containing more than one material category or steel thickness range as delineated in Table 1, 1, that article will contain more than one specimen (see Fig. 1). 1).

5. Mater Materials ials and Manuf Manufactu acture re 5.1 Steel or Iron— The The specification, grade, or designation and type and degree of surface contamination of the iron or steel st eel in ar artic ticles les to be ga galv lvan aniz ized ed sh shall all be su supp ppli lied ed by th thee purchaser to the hot-dip galvanizer prior to galvanizing.

3.2.9 specimen, n— the the surface of an individual test article or a portion of a test article, upon which thickness measurements are to be performed, which is a member of a lot, or a membe mem berr of a sam sampl plee re repr pres esen entin ting g th that at lo lot. t. Fo Forr ma magn gneti eticc thickness measurements, specimen excludes any area of the surface which is subject to processes (such as flame cutting, machining, threading, etc.) that can be expected to result in surfac sur facee con condit dition ionss not rep repres resent entativ ativee of the gen genera erall sur surfac facee condition of the test article, or is disqualified by the measurement method. The minimum average coating thickness grade forr an fo any y sp speci ecime men n sh shall all be on onee co coati ating ng gr grad adee be belo low w th that at required requir ed for the appropriate appropriate materia materiall catego category ry and thickn thickness ess in Table 1. 1. For a unit of product whose surface area is equal to or Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

NOTE 2—The presence in steels and weld metal, in certain percentages, of som somee ele elemen ments ts suc such h as sil silico icon, n, car carbon bon,, and phosphor phosphorus us ten tends ds to accelerate the growth of the zinc-iron alloy layer so that the coating may have a matte finish with little or no outer zinc layer. The galvanizer has only limited control over this condition. The mass, shape, and amount of cold col d wor workin king g of the pro produc ductt bei being ng gal galvan vanize ized d may also af affec fectt thi thiss condition. condit ion. Practi Practice ce A385 provi provides des gui guidan dance ce on ste steel el sel select ection ion and discus dis cusses ses the ef effec fects ts of var variou iouss ele elemen ments ts in ste steel el com compos positio itions ns (fo (forr example, examp le, silicon), that influe influence nce coatin coating g weigh weightt and appearance.

5.2 Fabrication— The The design and fabrication of the product to be galvan galvanized ized are the respo responsibil nsibilities ities of the design designer er and the fabricator. Practices A143/A143M A143/A143M,, A384/A384M A384/A384M,, and A385 3



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A123/A123M − 13 providee gui provid guidan dance ce for stee steell fab fabric ricatio ation n for opt optimu imum m hot dip galvani galv anizing zing and sha shall ll be com compli plied ed with in bot both h des design ign and fabrication. Consultation between the designer, fabricator, and galvanizer at appropriate stages in the design and fabrication process will reduce future problems.

the use of Table 2. 2. The specifi specification cation of coatin coating g thickn thicknesses esses heavie hea vierr tha than n tho those se req requir uired ed by Table Table 1 shall shall be sub subject ject to mutual agreement between the galvanizer and the purchaser. (Fig ig.. 2 is a gr grap aphi hicc re repr pres esen enta tatio tion n of th thee sa samp mpli ling ng an and d specimen specim en deline delineation ation steps, and and Fig. Fig. 3 is 3 is a graphic representation of the coating thickness inspection steps.)

5.3 Castings— The The composition and heat treatment of iron and steel castings shall conform to specifications designated by the pur purcha chaser ser.. Som Somee typ types es of cas casting tingss hav havee bee been n kno known wn to show sho w pot potenti ential al pro proble blems ms wit with h pre predis dispos positio ition n to bei being ng embrittled during the normal thermal cycle of hot-dip galvanizing. It is th thee re resp spon onsi sibi bili lity ty of th thee pu purc rcha hase serr to he heat at tr trea eatt or otherwise allow for the possibility of such embrittling phenomena. en a. Th Thee re requ quir ireme ement ntss fo forr ma malle lleab able le ir iron on ca casti sting ngss to be galvanized shall be as stated in Specification A47/A47M A47/A47M..

6.1.1 For articles articles whose surface surface area is greater than 160 in.2 2 [100 000 mm ] (multi-specimen articles), each test article in thee sa th samp mple le mu must st me meet et th thee ap appr prop opri riat atee mi mini nimu mum m av aver erag agee coating coatin g thickn thickness ess grade requirements requirements of of Table Table 1, and eac each h specim spe cimen en coa coating ting thi thickn ckness ess gra grade de com compri prisin sing g tha thatt ove overall rall average for each test article shall average not less than one coating grade below that required in Table 1. 1. 6.1.2 For articles whose whose surface area is equal to or less than 2 160 in. [100 000 mm 2] (single-specimen articles), the average of all test articles in the sample must meet the appropriate minimu min imum m ave averag ragee coa coating ting thic thickne kness ss gra grade de req requir uiremen ements ts of Table 1, 1, and for each test article, its specimen coating thickness shall be not less than one coating grade below that required in Table 1. 1.

5.4 Zinc— The T he zi zinc nc us used ed in th thee ga galv lvan aniz izin ing g ba bath th sh shal alll conform to Specification B6 Specification B6,, or Specification B960 Specification B960,, or both. If a zinc alloy is used as the primary feed to the galvanizing bath, then the base material used to make that alloy shall conform to Specification B6 B6,, or Specification B960 Specification B960,, or both. 5.5 Bath Comp The molten metal in the working Composition osition— — The volume of the galvanizing bath shall contain not less than an average value of 98.0 % zinc by weight.

6.1.3 No ind 6.1.3 indivi ividua duall meas measure uremen ment, t, or clu cluster ster of meas measure ure-ments at the same general location, on a test specimen shall be cause for rejection under the coating thickness requirements of this specification provided that when those measurements are averaged with the other dispersed measurements to determine the specimen coating thickness grade for that specimen, the requirements of 6.1.1 6.1.1 or or 6.1.2 6.1.2,, as appropriate are met.

NOTE 3—The galvanizer may choose to add trace amounts of certain elements (for example, aluminum, nickel, and tin) to the zinc bath to help in the processing of certain reactive steels or to enhance the cosmetic appearance of the finished product. The use of these trace elements is permitted provided that the bulk chemistry of the galvanizing bath is at least 98.0 % zinc by weight. The elements can be added to the galvanizing bath as part of a pre-alloyed pre-alloyed zinc feed, or they can be added to the bath by the galvanizer using a master feed alloy.

NOTE 4—The 4—The coa coatin ting g thic thickne kness ss gra grades des in Tabl Tablee 1 represent represent the minimum value obtainable with a high level of confidence for the ranges typically found in each material category. While most coating thicknesses will be in excess of those values, some materials in each category may be less reactive (for example, because of chemistry or surface condition) than other materials of the steel category spectrum. Therefore, some articles may have a coating grade at or close to the minimum requirement shown in Table Table 1. In suc such h cas cases, es, the pre precis cision ion and acc accura uracy cy of the coating coating thickness measuring technique should be taken into consideration when rejecting such articles for coating thickness below that required by this specification. Purchasers desiring a guarantee of heavier coatings than the minimum thicknesses shown herein should use the special requirements (see 4.1.6 (see 4.1.6)) to specify coating thickness grades higher than those shown in Table 1. In addition, the purchaser should anticipate the need for test batche bat chess or ext extra ra pre prepar parati ation on ste steps, ps, or bot both, h, suc such h as bla blasti sting ng bef before ore galvanizing or other methods, to attempt to reach the higher requirements with consistency. Some higher-than-standard thicknesses may be impractical or unatta unattainable inable..

6. Coat Coating ing Propertie Propertiess 6.1 Coating Thickn The ave averag ragee thi thickn ckness ess of coa coating ting Thickness— ess— The for all specimens tested shall conform to the requirements of Table 1 for 1 for the categories and thicknesses of the material being galvani galv anized zed.. Min Minimu imum m ave averag ragee thic thickne kness ss of coa coating ting for any individual specimen is one coating grade less than that required in Tabl Tablee 1. Where Where pro produc ducts ts con consis sisting ting of var variou iouss mat materia eriall thicknesses thickn esses or categor categories ies are galvanized, the coatin coating g thickn thickness ess grad gr ades es fo forr eac each h th thick ickne ness ss ra rang ngee an and d ma mater teria iall ca categ tegor ory y of material shall be as shown in Table in Table 1. 1. In the case of orders in SI units, the values in Table 1, 1, shall be applicable as metric units in micrometres. In the case of orders in inch-pound units, the measured value shall be converted to coating grade units by

TABLE 2 Coating Thickness Grade A Coating Grade

mi l s

oz/ft2

µm

g/m2

35 45 50 55 60 65 75 80 85 10 0

1. 4 1. 8 2. 0 2. 2 2. 4 2. 6 3. 0 3. 1 3. 3 3. 9

0 .8 1 .0 1 .2 1 .3 1 .4 1 .5 1 .7 1 .9 2 .0 2. 3

35 45 50 55 60 65 75 80 85 1 00

24 5 32 0 35 5 39 0 42 5 46 0 53 0 56 5 60 0 70 5

A

The values in micrometres (µm) are based on the Coating Grade. The other values are based on conversions using the following formulas: mils = µm × 0.03937; oz/ft2 = µm × 0.02316; g/m2 = µm × 7.067.

--````,,,```,`,,,,``,`,,,,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---


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A123/A123M − 13

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NOTE 1—Each 1—Each speci specimen men comprises comprises nomin nominally ally one third of the total surface area of the article. A minimum of five measurements should be made within the volume of each specimen, as widely dispersed within that volume as is practical, so as to represent as much as possible, the general coating thickness thickness within that specim specimen en volum volume. e. FIG. 2 Articles Made of Many Components

6.2 Finish— The T he co coat atin ing g sh shall all be co cont ntin inuo uous us (e (exc xcep eptt as provid pro vided ed belo below), w), and as rea reason sonabl ably y smo smooth oth and uni unifor form m in thickness as the weight, size, shape of the item, and necessary handling of the item during the dipping and draining operations at the galvanizing kettle will permit. Except for local excess coating thickness which would interfere with the use of the product, or make it dangerous to handle (edge tears or spikes), rejection for nonuniform coating shall be made only for plainly visible vis ible excess coating coating not rel related ated to des design ign fac factor torss suc such h as holes, joints, or special drainage problems (see Note 6). 6). Since surface smoothness is a relative term, minor roughness that doess not interfere doe interfere with the intended intended use of the product, product, or roughn rou ghness ess tha thatt is rel related ated to the asas-rec receiv eived ed (un (un-ga -galvan lvanized ized)) surfacee condi surfac condition, tion, steel chemist chemistry ry,, or steel reactiv reactivity ity to zinc shall sh all no nott be gr grou ound ndss fo forr re reje jecti ction on (s (see ee Note Note 7). Sur Surfac facee conditions related to deficiencies related to design, detailing, or fabrication as addressed by Practice A385 Practice A385 shall shall not be grounds for rej rejecti ection. on. The zinc coa coatin ting g on thr thread eaded ed com compon ponent entss of articles galvanized galvanized under this specification specification shall conform to that req requir uired ed in Spe Specific cificatio ation n A153/A153M. A153/A153M . Surfaces Surfaces that remain uncoated after galvanizing shall be renovated in accordance with the methods in Practice A780 Practice A780 unless unless directed by the


FIG. 3 Coati Coating ng Thickness Inspection Inspection Steps Steps

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A123/A123M − 13 purchaser to leave the uncoated areas untreated for subsequent renovation by the purchaser. 6.2.1 Each area subject subject to renovation renovation shall be 1 in. [25 mm] or less in its narrowest dimension. 6.2.2 6.2 .2 The total area subject subject to ren renova ovation tion on each article article shall be no more than 1 ⁄ 2 of 1 % of the accessible surface area to be coated on that article, or 36 in. 2 per short ton [256 cm 2 per metric ton] of piece weight, whichever is less.

7. Sampl Sampling ing 7.1 Sam Samplin pling g of each lot sha shall ll be per perfor formed med for con confor for-mance with the requirements of this specification. 7.2 A lot is a unit of production production or shipment shipment from which a sample sam ple is take taken n for testing. testing. Unl Unless ess oth otherw erwise ise agr agreed eed upo upon n between the galvanizer and the purchaser, or established within this specification, the lot shall be as follows: For testing at a galvanizer’s facility, a lot is one or more articles of the same type and size comprising a single order or a single delivery load lo ad,, wh whic iche heve verr is th thee sm small aller er,, or an any y nu numb mber er of ar artic ticles les identified as a lot by the galvanizer, when these have been galvanized within a single production shift and in the same bath. For test by the purchaser after delivery, the lot consists of the single order or the single delivery load, whichever is the smaller, unless the lot identity, established in accordance with the above, is maintained and clearly indicated in the shipment by the galvanizer.

NOTE 5—Inacces 5—Inaccessible sible surface areas are those which cannot be reache reached d for appropriate surface preparation preparation and applica application tion of repair materials materials as described in Practice A780 Practice A780.. Such inaccessible areas, for example, would be the internal surfaces of certain tanks, poles, pipes, tubes, and so forth.

6.2.3 The thickness thickness of renov renovation ation shall be that required by the thickness grade for the appropriate material category and thickness range in Table in Table 1 in 1 in accordance with the requirements of 6.1 6.1,, ex excep ceptt th that at fo forr re reno nova vatio tion n us usin ing g zi zinc nc pa pain ints, ts, th thee thickness thickn ess of renov renovation ation shall be 50 % highe higherr than that required by Table by Table 1, 1, but not greater than 4.0 mils. 6.2.4 When areas requiring renovation renovation exceed the criteri criteriaa previously previo usly provided, provided, or are inacces inaccessible sible for repair repair,, the coating shall be rejected.

7.3 The method of selection selection and number number of test articles shall be agr agreed eed upo upon n bet betwee ween n the gal galvan vanizer izer and the pur purcha chaser ser.. Otherwise, the test articles shall be selected at random from each lot. In this case, the minimum number of test articles from each lot shall be as follows:

NOTE 6—The 6—The req requir uireme ements nts for the fini finish sh of a gal galvan vanize ized d pro produc ductt address themselves to a visual type of inspection. They do not address the matter of measured coating thickness variations that can be encountered because of different steels or different thicknesses of a given steel being used in an assembly. NOTE 7—Items which are prepared for galvanizing by abrasive cleaning willl gen wil genera erally lly dev develo elop p a thi thicke ckerr coa coating ting with a mod modera erately tely rou roughe gherr surface.

6.3 Threaded Components in Assemblies— The zinc coating on external threads shall not be subjected to a cutting, rolling, or finishing tool operation, unless specifically authorized by the purcha pur chaser ser.. Int Intern ernal al thr thread eadss are not pro prohib hibited ited fro from m bei being ng tapped or retapped after galvanizing. Coatings shall conform to the requirements of Specification A153/A153M A153/A153M..

Number of Test Articles

3 o r l es s 4 to 5 0 0 5 01 t o 1 20 0 1 2 0 1 to 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 1 to 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 1 an d ov e r

al l 3 5 8 13 20

NOTE 10—Where a number of identical items are to be galvanized, a statistical sampling plan may be desired. Such a plan is contained in Test Method B602 Method B602 which which addresses sampling procedures for the inspection of electrodepos electro deposited ited metallic coatin coatings gs and related finish finishes. es. If Test Metho Method d B602 is used, the level of sampling shall be agreed upon between the galvanizer and the purchaser at the time the coating order is placed.

7.4 A test article which which fails to conform to a requirement requirement of this specification shall not be used to determine the conformance to other requirements.

6.4 Appearance— Upon U pon shi shipme pment nt fr from om the gal galvan vanizi izing ng facility, galvanized articles shall be free from uncoated areas, blister blis ters, s, flux dep deposi osits, ts, and gro gross ss dro dross ss inc inclus lusion ions. s. Lum Lumps, ps, project pro jection ions, s, glo globul bules, es, or hea heavy vy dep deposi osits ts of zin zincc whi which ch will inter in terfe fere re wi with th th thee in inte tend nded ed us usee of th thee ma mate teria riall wi will ll no nott be permitted. Plain holes of 1 ⁄ 2-in. [12.5-mm] diameter or more shall be clean and reasonably free from excess zinc. Marks in thee zi th zinc nc co coat atin ing g ca caus used ed by to tong ngss or ot othe herr it item emss us used ed in handling the article during the galvanizing operation shall not be cause for rejection unless such marks have exposed the base metal and the bare metal areas exceed allowable maximums from 6.2.1 from 6.2.1 and and 6.2.2 6.2.2.. The pieces shall be handled so that after galvanizing they will not freeze together on cooling.

8. Test Methods Methods 8.1 Test The fol follow lowing ing tests sha shall ll be con con-Test Requirements— The ducted to ensure that the zinc coating is being furnished in accordance with this specification. The specifying of tests for adhesion and embrittlement shall be subject to mutual agreement between the galvanizer and purchaser. Visual inspection of the coating shall be made for compliance with the requirements.

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8.2 Thickness of Coating Test— The The thickness of coating is determined by one or more of the three methods described as follows. 8.2.1 Magnetic Thickness Measurements— The The thickness of the coating shall be determined by magnetic thickness gage measurements measur ements in accord accordance ance with Practice Practice E376 unless unless the methods described in 8.2.2 in 8.2.2,, 8.2.3 8.2.3,, or or 8.2.4 8.2.4 are are used. For each specimen (as described in 3.2.9) 3.2.9) five or more measurements shall sh all be mad madee at po poin ints ts wi wide dely ly di disp sper erse sed d th thro roug ugho hout ut th thee volume occupied by the specimen so as to represent as much as practic pra ctical, al, the entire surface surface area of the tes testt spe specime cimen. n. The

NOTE 8—Depending upon product design or material thickness, or both, filming or excess zinc buildup in plain holes of less than 1 ⁄ 2-in. [12.5-mm] filming diameter may occur that requires additional work to make the holes usable as intend intended. ed.

6.5 Adherence— The The zinc coating shall withstand handling consistent with the nature and thickness of the coating and the normal use of the article, without peeling or flaking. NOTE 9—Although some material may be formed after galvanizing, in general the zinc coating on the article general articless covered by this specification specification is too heavy to permit severe bending without damaging the coating. Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Number of Pieces in Lot

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A123/A123M − 13 average of the five or more measurements thus made for each specimen is the specimen coating thickness. 8.2.1.1 8.2.1 .1 For articles whose surface surface area is greater than 160 2 2 in. [100 000 mm ] (multi-specimen articles as described in 3.2.6), 3.2.6 ), the ave averag ragee of the thr three ee spe specime cimen n coa coatin ting g thic thickne kness ss grades gra des com compri prisin sing g each test art article icle is the ave averag ragee coa coating ting thickness thickn ess for that test article. A specime specimen n must be evaluated for each steel category and material thickness within the requirements for each specimen of the test article. 8.2.1. 8.2 .1.2 2 For articles articles whose surface surface area is equ equal al to or les lesss than th an 16 160 0 in in..2 [10 [100 0 000 000 mm2] (si (singl ngle-s e-spec pecime imen n arti articles cles as describ des cribed ed in 3.2.8), 3.2.8), th thee av aver erag agee of all sp speci ecime men n co coati ating ng thick th ickne ness ss gr grad ades es is th thee av aver erag agee co coati ating ng th thick ickne ness ss fo forr th thee sample. 8.2.1.3 8.2.1 .3 In the case of threaded components, components, the thickness thickness of coating shall be made on a portion of the article that does not include any threads. 8.2.1. 8.2 .1.4 4 The use of mag magnet netic ic mea measur suremen ementt meth methods ods is appropri pro priate ate for lar larger ger arti articles cles,, and is app approp ropria riate te for smal smaller ler articles when there is sufficient flat surface area for the probe tip to sit flat on the surface using Practice E376 E376.. Stripping Method Method— — The 8.2.2 Stripping T he av aver erag agee we weig ight ht of co coati ating ng shall sha ll be det determ ermine ined d by stripping stripping a test article, article, a spe specim cimen en removed from a test article, or group of test articles in the case of very small items such as nails, etc., in accordance with Test Method A90/A90M unless unless the meth methods ods des descri cribed bed in 8.2.1, 8.2.1, 8.2.3,, or 8.2.4 are used. The weight of coating per unit area 8.2.3 thus determined is converted to equivalent coating thickness values in accordance with Table 2 (rounding up or down as appropriate). The thickness of coating thus obtained is the test article coating thickness, or in the case of a specimen removed from a test article, is the specimen average coating thickness. 8.2.2. 8.2 .2.1 1 The stripping stripping method method is a des destru tructiv ctivee tes testt and is appropriate appro priate for single specimen articles, but is not practical for multi-specimen articles. 8.2.3 Weighing Before and After Galvanizing— The The average weight weig ht of coa coatin ting g sha shall ll be det determ ermine ined d by wei weighi ghing ng art article icless before and after galvanizing, subtracting the first weight from the second and dividing the result by the surface area unless the methods described in 8.2.1 8.2.1,, 8.2.2 8.2.2,, or or 8.2.4 8.2.4 are are used. The first weight shall be determined after pickling and drying and the second seco nd aft after er coo coolin ling g to amb ambien ientt tem temper peratu ature. re. The wei weight ght of coating per unit area thus determined is converted to equivalent coating thickness thickness values according according to to Table Table 2 (rounding 2 (rounding up or down as appropriate). The thickness of coating thus obtained is the test article coating thickness. 8.2.3.1 The weighing before and after method is appropriate for sin single gle-sp -specim ecimen en art article icles, s, but is not pra practic ctical al for mul multitispecimen specime n articles articles..

a point value. No less than five such measurements shall be made ma de at lo locat catio ions ns on th thee tes testt ar artic ticle le wh which ich ar aree as wi wide dely ly dispersed as practical, so as to be representative of the whole surface of the test article. The average of no less than five such measurements is the specimen coating thickness. 8.2.4.1 8.2.4 .1 The microscopy microscopy method is a destru destructive ctive test and is appropriate for single-specimen articles, but is not practical for multi-specimen articles. Referee ee Method Method— — In th 8.2.5 Refer thee ev even entt of a di disp spu ute ove verr thickn thi ckness ess of coa coatin ting g meas measure uremen ments, ts, the dis disput putee sha shall ll be resolved as follows: 8.2.5.1 8.2.5 .1 For multi-specimen multi-specimen articles, articles, a new sample shall be taken randomly from the lot of material, which has twice the number of test articles as the sample which failed to conform to this specification. If the lot size is such that the sample size cannot be doubled, then the sample size shall be as previous, but the number of widely dispersed sites at which measurement me ntss we were re mad madee sh shall all be do doub ubled led,, an and d th thes esee sit sites es wi will ll constitute the new sample. This new sample shall be measured using magnetic thickness gages which have been calibrated for accuracy against reference material thickness standards. If the lott is fo lo foun und d to be no nonc ncon onfo form rmin ing g by th thee ne new w sa samp mple le,, th thee galvanizer has the right to sort the lot for conforming articles by individual test, to re-galvanize non-conforming articles, or to renovate the nonconforming articles in accordance with 6.2 6.2.. 8.2.5.2 8.2.5 .2 For single-specim single-specimen en articles, a new sample shall be taken randomly from the lot of material, which has twice the number of test articles as the sample which failed to conform to this specification. The test method for the new sample shall be selected by mutual agreement between the purchaser and galvanizer. If the lot is found to be nonconforming by the new samp sa mple le,, th thee ga galv lvan aniz izer er ha hass th thee ri righ ghtt to so sort rt th thee lo lott fo forr confor con formin ming g art article icless by ind individ ividual ual test test,, to rere-gal galvan vanize ize non non-conforming confo rming articles, or to renov renovate ate the nonco nonconfor nforming ming articles in accordance with 6.2 6.2.. 8.3 Adhesion— Determ Determine ine adh adhesi esion on of the zin zincc coa coatin ting g to the surface of the base metal by cutting or prying with the point of a stout knife, applied with considerable pressure in a manner tending to remove a portion of the coating. The adhesion shall be considered inadequate if the coating flakes off in the form of a layer of the coating so as to expose the base metal in advance of the knife point. Do not use testing carried out at edges or corner cor nerss (po (points ints of low lowest est coa coatin ting g adh adhesi esion) on) to det determ ermine ine adhesion adhesi on of the coating. Likewise, Likewise, do not use remov removal al of small particles of the coating by paring or whittling to determine failure. 8.4 Embrittlement— Test Test for embrittlement shall be made in accordance with Practice A143/A143M Practice A143/A143M.. These tests shall not be required unless strong evidence of embrittlement is present.

NOTE 11—Both the stripping method and the weighing before and after method do not take into account the weight of iron reacted from the article that is incorporated into the coating. Thus, the methods may underestimate coating weight (and therefore the calculated thickness) by up to 10 %. The accuracy of both methods will be influenced by the accuracy to which the surface area of the articles tested can be determined.

9. Inspe Inspectio ction, n, Reje Rejectio ction, n, and Rete Retest st 9.1 Inspection by the Galvanizer— It It is the responsibility of the galv galvani anizer zer to ens ensure ure com complia pliance nce with this spe specifi cificati cation. on. Thiss sha Thi shall ll be ach achiev ieved ed by an inin-pla plant nt ins inspec pection tion program program designed design ed to maintain the coating thickness, thickness, finish, and appear appear-ance within the requirements of this specification unless the inspection is performed in accordance with 9.2 9.2..

8.2.4 Microscopy— The The thickness of coating shall be determined by crosscross-sectio sectional nal and optical measur measurement ement in accor accor-dance with Test Method B487 Method B487 unless unless the methods described in 8.2.1,, 8.2.2 8.2.1 8.2.2,, or 8.2.3 8.2.3 are are used. The thickness thus determined is Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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A123/A123M − 13 9.2 Inspection By the Purchaser— The The purchaser shall accept or reject material by inspection either through the galvanizer’ss inspec nizer’ inspector tor,, the purch purchaser’ aser’ss inspec inspector tor,, or an indep independen endentt inspector. The inspector representing the purchaser shall have access at all times to those areas of the galvanizer’s facility whic wh ich h co conc ncer ern n th thee ap appl plica icatio tion n of th thee zin zincc co coat atin ing g to th thee material ordered while work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed. The galvanizer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the zinc coating is being furnished in accordance with this specification.

mutual mutu al ag agre reem emen ent, t, th thee ga galv lvan anize izerr is no nott pr proh ohib ibite ited d fr from om submitting the lot remaining after sorting and removing nonconforming articles without replacement of the nonconforming articles. In such case, the now-smaller lot shall be treated as a new lot for purposes of inspection and acceptance. 9.6 Materia Materials ls that have been rejected for reasons other than embrit emb rittlem tlement ent are not pro prohib hibited ited fro from m bein being g stri strippe pped d and regalva reg alvaniz nized ed and aga again in sub submitt mitted ed for ins inspec pectio tion n and test at which whi ch time they sha shall ll con confor form m to the req requir uiremen ements ts of this specification.

9.3 Location— The The material shall be inspected at the galvanizer’s nize r’s pla plant nt pri prior or to shi shipme pment. nt. How Howeve everr, by agr agreem eement ent the purchaser is not prohibited from making tests which govern the acceptance or rejection of the materials in his own laboratory or elsewh elsewhere. ere.

10. Certificatio Certification n 10.1 When specified specified in the purch purchase ase order or contract, the purchaser shall be furnished certification that samples representing each lot have been either tested or inspected as directed by this specificati specification on and the req requir uiremen ements ts hav havee bee been n met. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.

9.4 Reinspection— When When ins inspec pectio tion n of mat materia erials ls to det deterermine conformity with the visual requirements of 6.2 of 6.2 warrants rejection of a lot, the galvanizer is not prohibited from sorting the lot and submit it once again for acceptance after he has removed any nonconforming articles and replaced them with conforming articles.

11. Keywords 11.1 coatin 11.1 coatings—zin gs—zinc; c; galvan galvanized ized coatings; steel produ products— cts— metallic coated; zinc coatings—steel products

9.5 The sampling sampling plan that was used when when the lot was first insp in spec ected ted sh shall all be us used ed fo forr re resa samp mplin ling g of a so sort rted ed lo lot. t. By

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SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committ Comm ittee ee A0 A05 5 ha hass id iden entifi tified ed th thee lo loca catio tion n of se selec lected ted ch chan ange gess to th this is st stan anda dard rd sin since ce th thee la last st iss issue ue (A123/A123M - 12) that may impact the use of this standard. (Nov. 1, 2013)

(1) Revised Table 1 1 by making separate line items for structural tur al sha shapes pes and for plate. The thi thickn ckness ess req requir uireme ements nts for structural shapes remains the same. The thickness requirements for plate are reduced in plate materials up to 5/8 in. thick due to steelmaking practices and chemistries.

(2) Changed “test specimen” to “test article” throughout Section 7 to avoid confusion with the definition of specimen in Section 3 Section 3.. A “test article” can contain contain more than one specimen.

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