Assignment TOEFL 2

ASSIGNMENT: 2 TOEFL for THE 4th SEMESTER

Directions:   

$hoose the best answer o" the "ollowing 5uestions based on the text. Each text must be translated into Indonesia. 0ind 2 words in each text and give the synonym or similar meaning to each.

 TEXT 1. A tomahawk is a small ax used as a tool and a weapon by the North American Indian tribes. An average tomahawk was not very long and did not weigh a great deal. riginally! the head o" the tomahawk was made o" a shaped stone or an animal bone and was mounted on a wooden handle. A"ter the arrival o" the European settlers! the Indians began to use tomahawks with iron heads. Indian males and "emales o" all ages used tomahawks to chop and cut wood! pound stakes into the ground! to put up wigwams! and do many other chores. Indian warriors relied on tomahawks as weapons and even threw them at their enemies. #ome types o" tomahawks were used in religious ceremonies. $ontemporary American idioms re%ect his aspect o" American heritage. 1. A. (. $.

Early Early tomah tomahawk awks s heads heads were were made made o" ... ... #tone or bone &. 'e 'eligious weapons )ood or stick E. Ir Iron or #tone Eur Europea opean n iron iron

*. A. (. $. &. E.

(ased (ased on the the passa passage ge we we can in"e in"err that that ... Tomahawks omahawks were were made made because because o" the securit security y purpose purpose It was very very hopeless hopeless to make make tomahawks tomahawks among among Indian Indian tribes tribes Tomahawks were made made +ust a"ter a"ter the European step step on in America The old herita heritage ge o" America American n weapons weapons is only only tomahaw tomahawks ks American American Indian Indian tribes tribes are are closely closely associa associated ted with with tomahawks tomahawks

,. The "ollowi "ollowing ng statement statements s are are about the the tomahaw tomahawks! ks! except except A. They were were originally originally made o" stone stone or bone bone (. Every Indian Indian tribes tribes used used tomahaw tomahawks ks in all all their activit activities ies $. Neither Neither o" the the "emale "emale Indian Indian applied applied tomahawks tomahawks at that that age &. The arrival arrival o" the European European bought bought about about the change on materia materials ls used "or tomahawks head E. Tomahawks omahawks have have been known known as one o" America American n heritages heritages . A. (. $. &. E.

(ased on on the text! text! what did probabl probably y the European European step step on American American "or "or / 0or 0or tradin trading g inter interest ests. s. iss issio iona nary ry purp purpos oses es.. Introduci Introducing ng innovative innovative technology technology. ccupy ccupying ing the the Indian Indian trib tribes es land. land. In order order to to uni"y uni"y all Indian Indian tribes tribes in America. America.

2. A. (. $. &. E.

3ow has the the Indian use use o" tomahawk tomahawks s a4ected a4ected American American daily daily li"e today today / Tomahawks omahawks are still still used used as weapo weapons. ns. Tomahawks omahawks are are used used as tools tools "or "or certain certain +obs. +obs. $ontempora $ontemporary ry languag language e re"ers re"ers to tomaha tomahawks. wks. Indian tribes tribes cherish cherish them as heirloo heirlooms. ms. ost o" Ameria Amerian n warriors warriors use them them in religious religious cerem ceremony ony..

 TEXT *. 7eru is re"orming its maritime transportation system. New regulations designed to reduce port costs and increase e8ciency have already had encouraging results. As a result o" these re"orms! 7eru has established itsel" as the gateway "or the exports to the booming 7aci9c 'im markets. These re"orms have been in three areas- labor! regulations! and custom clearances. 3igh labor costs had sabotaged 7eru:s import and export businesses. )here once ;<= o" all goods had been transported by ship! > ports in recent years had been moving only hal" o" their capacity. #hipping companies had taken their business to $hilean ports where costs were a six what they were in 7eru. 'e"orm in this was needed 5uickly. $onse5uently! agreements with port workers now allow shippers and receivers to make their prices competitive with other ports in ?atin America. The port workers bene9t as well! since many have "ormed limited partnerships or cooperatives. 7rior to the re"orms! @<= o" all exports had to be shipped on 7eruvian %agcarriers.  That regulation has been abolished and has opened the ports to ships "rom around the world. This increase in tra8c meant that dock procedures had to be streamlined. Accordingly! customs regulations were made more e8cient and commercial processing! is accomplished more 5uickly. @. )hy were re"orms necessary / A. The industry was outdated (. $orruption was the norm $. ?abor regulations were being violated &. The shipping industry was ine8cient and costly E. (ecause o" the succession o" 7eru government B. )hat are 7eruvian shippers most interested in / A. North America &. $hile (. ?atin America E. No one above $. The 7aci9c 'im ;. )hat can we in"er "rom paragraph * / A. 7eru restricted any exports through its Cone. (. 'e"orm is needed in administering the cost o" labor and shipment. $. There are many causes o" re"orm movement in export and import policy. &. The government o" 7eru had abolished custom regulation at all. E. 7eru re"ormed custom regilations because o" its main role in the world trading. D. According to report! why were dock procedures streamlined / A. To make them easier to compete (. To reduce labor costs $. To handle increased tra8c &. To satis"y the dock workers E. To match the norm o" prior regulation 1<.  that regulation has been abolished and has .. Fpar. G. The opposite o" the underlined word is . A. initiated &. interrupted (. demolished E. halted $. eliminated

 TEXT ,.

 The killdeer is a commonly "ound shore bird that inhabits the area between southern $anada and #outh America. As with all plovers! its so"t contour "eathers with barbs and barbules impart  a sleek appearance to its body while its down "eathers insulate it "rom the winter cold and the summer heat. The male:s loud shrill! which seems to say killdeer! warns other males away "rom his territory. rnithologists do not consider the killdeer a true songbird because its throat muscles are not structured to make melodious notes. Hilldeers are distinguished by the two black b ands that mark their chest and neck. $amou%aged by their protective grayish brown pigment! killdeers build nests that cradle the eggs and the young in shallow depressions in 9eld and open meadow. (ecause their nests lie directly on the ground! the young are able to run about as soon as they hatch. Hilldeers are incubatory creatures and brood their own babies. )hen a predator approaches the nest or the bird:s young! the mother try to distract the intruder by dragging one o" her wings as i" it were in+ured. 0armers are particularly "ond o" killdeers because they "eed on insects that damage crops. (ecause whole %ocks o" killdeers in the wild have vanished due to over hunting! game laws have been enacted to protect these plovers "rom poaching. 11. It A. (. $.

can be in"erred "rom the passage that killdeer usually live  in the brush &. near cities in mountains E. in +ungle near ocean

1*. )hat is the reason given "or the bird:s name / A. It has a distinctive bands. (. It has a peculiar song. $. It kills young deer. &. It eats deer "odder. E. It has so"t contour "eathers 1,. In A. (. $.

line B paragraph 1! the word melodious is closest in meaning to emorable &. marvelous usical E. husky ellow

1. 3ow does the mother bird mislead its enemies / A. (y pretending to be vulnerable (. (y blending in with the background $. (y building lowlying nests &. (y scaring them away with her cry E. (y hiding among the damage crops 12. According to the passage! "armers... A. "orm "oundations to protect killdeers. (. appreciate the e4ects o" killdeers. $. camou%age killdeer nests and eggs. &. provide killdeers with "ood and insects. E. breed them around their crops plantation