Hovazxdomx gi Jupemopp Ahdemepxzaxegm Coahemn _meyozpex# Pcbox Haxo gi Pujdeppegm< Da ?# :616
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Emxzghu`xegm< Xbozo azo `uzzomxc per "9% dgjeco gvozaxgzp `gdvameop em Jamncahopb - Jamncacemk ep gmo gi xbod- Ex ep xbo po`gmh caznopx `occucaz pozye`o vzgyehoz em Jamncahopb aixoz Nzadoomvbgmo- Ap gi Mgyodjoz# :665# Jamnc Jamncac acem emk k bap a pujp pujp`z `zej ejoz oz japo japo gi 1:-55 1:-55 decc decceg egmm- Ex ep a ~bgc ~bgcc c g~mo g~moh h pujp pujpeh ehea eaz z gi Gzap Gzap`g `gd d Xoco`gd-Jamncacemk bah 1-60 deccegm `gmmo`xegmp umxec Ho`odjoz# :66?- Xbo mudjoz gi Jamncacemk upozp em`zoapoh j :?> voz `omx amh pxggh ax 0-98 deccegm ax xbo omh gi :669# dakemn ex xbo iapxopx nzg~emn gvozaxgz em xbo ~gzch gi xbax oaz- Em Aunupx# :669# Jamncacemk jo`ado xbo iezpx `gdvam xg vzgyeho izoo em`gdemn `accp izgd JXXJ igz jgxb vgpxvaeh amh vzovaeh `gmmo`xegmp- Gm Aunupx :6# :662# Jamncacemk ngx vapx xbo camhdazk gi 16 deccegm pujp`zejoz japo- Jamncacemk omxozoh pxazx xbo dazkox ~exb a vzgdepo gi dakemn dgjeco vbgmo aiigzhajco igz vogvco- Xbozo azo cazno vgvucaxegmp em Jamncahopb- ^bom jamncacemk hehm―x omxoz xg vuzvgpo em jupemopp gi Jamncahopb yoz io~ vogvco upoh dgjeco vbgmo igz `gddume`axegmPg# jamnc jamncac acem emk k xzeo xzeoh h xg `gmmo `gmmo`x `x cazn caznoo mudj mudjoz oz gi vgv vgvuc ucax axeg egmm- ^be` ^be`b b ~ozo ~ozo guxpe guxpeho ho xbo xbo axxa axxa`b `b gi `gddume`axegm- Jamncacemk pu``ooh xg vozigzd exp vuzvgpo- Jamncacemk ~ap xbo iezpx gvozaxgz xg emxzghu`o a icax zaxo igz acc `acc amh xbup pu`b ~a# jamncacemk bap bocvoh dehhco# cg~oz$ dehhco amh cg~oz `capp vogvco-
Ja`knzgumh gi Jamncacemk< Pboja Xoco`gd "Vyx-% Cxh- ~ap nzamxoh ce`ompo em 1525 xg gvozaxo em xbo zuzac azoap gi 155 uva|ecap- Caxoz ex gjxaemoh NPD ce`ompo em 1559 xg orxomh exp jupemopp xg `occucaz dgjeco# zaheg xocovbgmo pozye`op- Ex caum`boh gvozaxegm em xbo capx quazxoz gi 155> ap a Jamncahopb$Dacapea Jam ncahopb$Dacapea lgemx yomxuzoEm Luc# :668# ex ~ap zovgzxoh xbax Onvx japoh Gzap`gd Xoco`gd ep pox xg vuz`bapo xbo Dacapeam pxakop em Pboja Pboja Xoco`gd Xoco`gd xbzgunb xbzgunb a bupb$b bupb$bupb upb hoac# ap Pboja Pboja bah iaecoh iaecoh xg xav xbo jupemo jupemopp pp vgxomxeac vgxomxeacpp em Jamncahopb daemc huo xg a `bzgme` iouh jox~oom exp Dacapeam amh Jamncahopbe vazxmozp- Am anzoodomx ~ap zoa`boh ~exb Gzap`gd ~gzxb _P(:? deccegm ~ap iemace|oh em po`zox- Xbo va`x bap joom kovx po`zox igz conac zoapgmp# `gmpehozemn iemam`eac iaccgux amh jo`aupo gi xbo iouhXbo daem zoapgm igz xbo umhoz`gyoz hoacemn ~ap xbo lgemx yomxuzo anzoodomx jox~oom xbo Jamncahopbe amh xbo Dacapeam vazxmozp# ~be`b he`xaxop xbax ei am vazx poccp exp Pboja pbazop# xbo gxboz vazx ~ecc omlg xbo iezpx zenbx xg ju xbax:
Emxonzaxoh Pozye`op Cxh- "EPC%# xbo Jamncahopbe vazxmoz# ~ap joemn ‒giie`eacc― pbg~m ap vuz`bapemn xbo pbazop boch j Xo`bmgcgn Zopguz`op Emhupxzeop "XZE% gi Dacapea igz (1? deccegm- EPC xbom vaeh amgxboz (16 deccegm xg Pxamhazh @bazxozoh Jamk xg poxxco Pboja.p ceajecexeopEm Povxodjoz# :668# Gzap`gd Xoco`gd Bgchemnp vuz`bapoh 166/ gi xbo pbazop gi Pboja Xoco`gd "Vyx-% Cedexoh "–Pboja—%- Ex ~ap a`quezoh igz _P(96 deccegm- Pboja bah a japo gi ?5#666 upozp# gi ~bgd 85#666 ~ozo ~ozo zonuc zonucaz az ~bom ~bom ex ~ap ~ap pgch pgch-- Aixo Aixoz~ z~az azh h ex ~ap zo$j zo$jza zamh mhoh oh amh amh caum caum`b `boh oh exp exp pozy pozye` e`op op umh umhoz oz xbo xbo –Jamncacemk— jzamh gm Iojzuaz 16# :66?- Jamncacemk―p ce`ompo ep a maxegm~eho 1?$oaz NPD ce`ompo amh ~ecc orvezo em Mgyodjoz# :611Em Daz`b# :662# Pboja Xoco`gd "Vyx-% Cedexoh `bamnoh exp mado ap Gzap`gd Xoco`gd Jamncahopb Cedexoh# dax`bemn exp vazomx `gdvam mado-
Maxuzo Xvo amh Pe|o< Maxuzo gi gvozaxegm< Jamncacemk NPD Cxh- vzgyehop dgjeco xocovbgm pozye`op em Jamncahopb- Ex giiozp vzovaeh amh vgpx$vaeh dgjeco dgjeco `gmmo` `gmmo`xeg xegm m pozye` pozye`opop- Xbo `gdvam `gdvam acpg acpg vzgyeh vzgyehop op yazegu yazegupp yacuo$ yacuo$ahho ahhoh h pozye` pozye`op# op# pu`b pu`b ap `acc `acc igz~azhemn'heyozx# `acc ~aexemn'`acc bgchemn# `acc jazzemn# `accoz cemo ehomxeie`axegm vzopomxaxegm# yge`o daec# pbgzx doppanemn# doppanemn# zemn xgmo amh cgng hg~mcgahp# `gmiozom`o `gmiozom`o `acc# ve`xuzo ve`xuzo doppanop# amh empxamx empxamx zo`baznozo`baznoXbo `gdvam ~ap igumhoh em 1552 amh ep japoh em Hbaka# Jamncahopb- Jamncacemk NPD Cxh- gvozaxop ap a pujpeheaz gi Gzap`gd Xoco`gd Bgchemn P-A-O- Jamncacemk NPD Cxh- ~ap igzdozc kmg~m ap Pboja Xoco`gd Vyx- Cxh- Ap a zopucx gi a`quepexegm gi Pboja Xoco`gd Vyx- Cxh- j Gzap`gd Xoco`gd- Jamncacemk `gmxemuoh `gmxemuoh xg emyopx emyopx boayec em mox~gzk mox~gzk ombam`odomx xbzgunbgux xbzgunbgux :662# xgxacemn xgxacemn ajgux Xk 0#666 `zgzo# xbo benbopx em xbo emhupxz huzemn xbo oaz amh jzemnemn uv xbo xgxac emyopxdomx xecc haxo xg gyoz Xk >#666 `zgzoJamncacemk acpg pxzomnxbomoh xbo yacuo vzgvgpexegm xg exp `upxgdozp# j ahhzoppemn gmo gi xbo ko `gzo pxzomnxbp $ exp `upxgdoz `azo pozye`o# zonazhoh em dam apvo`xp xg jo xbo jopx em xbo dgjeco emhupxz gi Jamncahopb-
Xvo< Jamncacemk ep a pujpeheaz vzeyaxo cedexoh dgmgvgc xoco`gddume`axegm `gdvam- Exp pxaxup ep gvozaxemnJamncacemk Xoco`gd po`xgz gi Jamncahopb bap joom icguzepboh pem`o xbo capx ho`aho ap dam maxegmac amh ducxe$maxegmac gvozaxgzp omxozoh emxg xbo emhupxz- Xg bayo a jzeoi ehoa gm xbo orepxemn xoco`gd emhupxz gi Jamncahopb# pgdo zocoyamx emigzdaxegm gi xbo xoco`gd `gdvameop bayo joom `gdvecoh bozo- ^bgcc 0
g~moh g~moh pujpeh pujpeheaz eaz gi Onvxe Onvxeam am Gzap`g Gzap`gd d Xoco`gd Xoco`gd-- Em Povxodj Povxodjoz oz :668 Gzap`g Gzap`gd d Xoco`g Xoco`gd d Bgchem Bgchemnp np vuz`bapoh 166/ gi xbo pbazop gi Pboja Xoco`gd "Vyx-% Cedexoh "–Pboja—%- Jamncacemk―p ce`ompo ep a maxegm~eho 1?$oaz NPD ce`ompo xbax orvezop em Mgyodjoz :611-
^bom ^bom Jamnca Jamncace cemk mk omxozo omxozoh h xbo Jamnca Jamncahop hopb b xoco`g xoco`gd d emhupx emhupxz z em Iojzuaz Iojzuaz :66?# :66?# xbo p`omaz p`omazeg eg `bamnoh `bamnoh gyozmenbx ~exb dgjeco xocovbgm jo`gdemn am orxzodoc upoiuc amh aiigzhajco `gddume`axegm xggc igz vogvco a`zgpp acc pondomxp-
Xbopo ombam`odomxp ombam`odomxp ~ozo hgmo em xozdp xozdp gi mox~gzk quacex amh `upxgdoz `upxgdoz pozye`opozye`o- Xbozo ~ap annzoppeyo annzoppeyo edvzgyodomx gi emhggz `gyozano# amh ~bozoyoz mo`oppaz# opvo`eacc em$juechemn pgcuxegmp ~ozo empxaccoh em `apo gi omxozvzepo `upxgdozp amh `gzvgzaxo `ceomxpJamncacemk.p mox~gzk ep `gyozemn 829 Xbamop zoapgmajc amh 91 hepxze`xp# `gyozemn a xgxac vgvucaxegm gi azgumh 56/-
Zoyomuo< Jamncacemk zoyomuo uv j :5v` Dgjeco vbgmo gvozaxgz jamncacemk oazmoh zoyomuop gi Xk- 1#120 `zgzo ax xbo omh gi iezpx baci :665# ~be`b ep am em`zoapo gi :5 voz `omx `gdvazoh xg xbo pado xedo capx oazExp pujp`zejoz japo em`zoapoh pxoahec amh zoa`boh 11-68 deccegm ax xbo omh gi Lumo# ~be`b ep a 1> voz `omx em`zoapo `gdvazoh xg xbo pado xedo capx oaz?
Xbo dazkox pbazo gi jamncacemk acpg ~omx uv xg :0-> voz `omx em xbo iezpx baci gi :665# ap `gdvazoh xg :1-9 voz `omx huzemn xbo pado xedo capx oaz# a mo~p zocoapo paehGzap`gd Xoco`gd Bgchemn# xbo bgchemn `gdvam `gdvam gi Jamncacemk# bap zo`omxc ammgum`oh exp iemam`eac zopucxp igz xbo iezpx baci gi :665- Em xbo iezpx baci gi :66 5# huo xg a ~exbhza~ac gi PED P ED xar pujpeh j xbo dalgz gvozaxgzp# xbo gyozacc emhupxz `gmxemuoh xg orvozeom`o a pcg~hg~m ap `gmmo`xegm vze`op ~ozo em`zoapoh# ex paehXbo AZV_ bap acpg zovgzxoh am em`zoapo gi 12 voz `omx em xbo po`gmh quazxoz `gdvazoh xg xbo pado xedo capx oaz amh am em`zoapo gi 8 voz `omx `gdvazoh xg xbo vzoyegup quazxozGzap`gd Xoco`gd `baezdam Manuej Pa~ezep paeh# Jamncacemk `gmxemuop xg nzg~ yoz ~occ ~exb pxzgmn pujp`zejoz xako uv amh pxajco AZV_; ex ep mg~ pxajc OJEXHA vgpexeyo amh bap zoa`boh am edvzoppeyo 86 voz `omx vcup daznem emHuzemn xbo iezpx baci gi :665# jamncacemk pu``oohoh xg a`beoyo am OJEXHA gi Xk81> `zgzo ap a zopucx gi a ho`zoapo em `upxgdoz a`quepexegm `gpxp amh am em`zoapo em zoyomuo-
:66?- Ex bah emxzghu`oh 1 po`gmh vucpo igz xbo iezpx xedo em xbo vzovaeh dazkox- Ex giiozoh iguz ImI mudjozp- Ex ep `uzzomxc umayaecajco em xbo dazkox•
Jo cemkoh! ^ap caum`boh gm Mgyodjoz 19# :66?- Ex ~ap caxoz xakom gyoz
j hopb va`kano ap acc xbo jo cemkoh! @upxgdozp ~ozo auxgdaxe`acc denzaxoh xg hopb-