AS 3996—2006 3996—2006
A S 3 9 9 6 — 2 0 0 6
Australian Standard ™ . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 6 e e r f a s i s i h T
Access covers and grates
This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CE-029, Access Covers and Grates. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 23 November 2005. This Standard was published on 2 March 2006.
The following are represented on Committee CE-029:
. m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 6 e e r f a s i s i h T
AUSTROADS Association of Consulting Engineers Australia Association of Hydraulic Services Consultants Australia Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Foundry Institute Australian Industry Group Engineers Australia Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia Natio Nat ional nal Pre Precas castt Con C oncre crete te Ass oci ociati ation on Aus tra tralia lia Plastics and Chemicals Industry Associati Association on University of Tasmania Water Services Association of Australia
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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 04171.
AS 3996— 3996—2006
Australian Standard ™ . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 6 e e r f a s i s i h T
Access covers and grates
Originated as AS 3996—1992. Second edition 2006.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia All rig hts are res erv ed. No par t o f t his wor k m ay be rep rod uced or cop ied in any for m o r b y any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 7291 9
AS 3996 —200 6
2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee CE–029, Access Covers and Grates, to supersede AS 3996—1992, Met 3996—1992, Metal al acces a ccesss covers co vers,, road r oad gra grates tes and fra frames. mes. The objective of this Standard is to provide designers, manufacturers and purchasers of access covers and grates with a specification for design, supply and testing. The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance. Not es to Tabl Notes Tables es and Figu Figures res exp express ressed ed in man mandato datory ry ter terms ms are dee deemed med to be requ require irement mentss of this Standard. Notes to text are for information and guidance only. . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 6 e e r f a s i s i h T
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AS 3996 — 2006 2 006
CONTENTS
Page SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE ............................... ................................................................. ..................................................................... ....................................................... .................... 4 1.2 APPLICATION APPLICATION ............................. ................................................................ ..................................................................... ........................................... ......... 4 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................. .................................................................... ................................................ .............. 4 1.4 DEFINITIONS .............................. ................................................................ ..................................................................... ............................................ ......... 5 1.5 CLASSIFICATION TERMINOLOGY............................. TERMINOLOGY............................................................... ........................................... ......... 7 1.6 PERMANENT MARKING ................................... ..................................................................... ...................................................... .................... 7 . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 6 e e r f a s i s i h T
SECTION 2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 2.1 GENERAL ............................... .................................................................. ..................................................................... ................................................ .............. 9 2.2 CAST IRON ............................... ................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................. ......... 9 2.3 FABRICATED STEEL................ STEEL.................................................... ....................................................................... ............................................ ......... 9 2.4 ALUMINIUM .................................. ..................................................................... ....................................................................... ........................................ .... 9 2.5 CONCRETE CONCRETE ................................ ................................................................... ....................................................................... ............................................. ......... 9 2.6 BOLTS .................................. ...................................................................... ........................................................................ .................................................. .............. 9 2.7 PROTECTIVE COATINGS ............................... ................................................................... ......................................................... ..................... 9 2.8 ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS ............................... ................................................................... ................................................. ............. 10 SECTION 3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 3.1 LOAD CLASSIFICATION ............................... ................................................................... ........................................................ .................... 11 3.2 DESIGN FEATURES................................... FEATURES....................................................................... ............................................................. ......................... 11 3.3 DIMENSIONS................................................................................. DIMENSIONS........................................................................................................... .......................... 13 SECTION 4 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 4.1 GENERAL .................................. ..................................................................... ....................................................................... ........................................... ....... 16 4.2 TESTING ................................... ....................................................................... ........................................................................ ........................................... ....... 16
APPENDICES A MEANS FOR DEMONSTRAT DEMONSTRATING ING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD ..... 19 B PURCHASING GUIDELINES........................................................ GUIDELINES.................................................................................. .......................... 22 C LOAD TESTS FOR COVERS AND GRATES .................................... ......................................................... ..................... 24 D BICYCLE TYRE PENETRATION RESISTANCE TEST FOR COVERS AND GRATES .................................... ........................................................................ ........................................................................ ........................................... ....... 28 E METHOD OF TESTING COVERS FOR WATERTIGHTNES WATERTIGHTNESS S .............................. 32 F METHOD OF TESTING COVERS FOR GAS-TIGHTNESS................................... 34 G ON-SITE CONCRETE INFILL OF COVERS ................................ .......................................................... .......................... 36
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AS 3996 — 2006 2 006
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard Access covers and grates
S E C T I O N 1.1
. m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 6 e e r f a s i s i h T
1
S C O P E
A N D
G E N E R A L
SCOPE
This Standard specifies requirements for access covers and grates for use in vehicular and pedestrian areas. It applies to access covers and grates having clear openings up to 1300 mm, particularly to components manufactured from grey and ductile irons, cast and manufactured steels, aluminium and concrete. However, the use of other materials is not precluded. NOTE S: 1
Use of other materials is covered in Clause 2.8.
2
The hydraulic design of access covers and grates is not within the scope of this Standard.
1.2
APPLICATION
Means for demonstrating compliance with this Standard shall be as specified in Appendix A. 1.3
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
The following documents are referred to in this standard. AS 1199 1199.1
Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
1379
Specification and supply of concrete
1428 1428.2
Design for access and mobility Enhanced and additional requirements — Buildings Buildings and facilities
1554 1554.1
Structural steel welding Part 1: Welding of steel structures
1830
Grey cast iron
1831
Ductile cast iron
1874
Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Ingots Ingots and castings
3600
Concrete structures
3678
Structural steel — — Hot-rolled Hot-rolled plates, floorplates and slabs
3679 3679.1
Structural steel Part 1: Hot-rolled bars and sections
5100 5100.2
Bridge design Part 2: Design loads
Standards Australia
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