Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
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Artificial Intelligence, is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. --------- It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence. "the study and design of
intelligent agents"
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The history...!! • Began in the middle of the 20th century, based on recent discoveries in neurology, an understanding of control and stability called cybernetics, and above all, by the invention of the digital computers, a machine based on the abstract essence of mathematical reasoning. • The field of modern AI research was founded at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth college in the summer of 1956. • By the middle 60s their research was heavily funded by the US and they were optimistic about the future of the new field. • In 1974, in response to the ongoing pressure from parties to fund more productive projects, the U.S. and British governments cut off all undirected, exploratory research in AI. This was the first AI winter. • In the early 80s, AI research was revived by the commercial success of expert system. Kirana Store
Continued... • By 1985 the market for AI had reached more than a billion dollars. However, just a few years later, beginning with the collapse of the Lisp Machine market in 1987, AI once again fell into disrepute, and a second, more lasting AI Winter began. • In the 90s and early 21st century AI achieved its greatest successes, AI is used for logistics, data mining, medical diagnoses and many other areas throughout the technology industry.
• The success was due to several factors: •the incredible power of computers today, a greater emphasis on solving specific sub-problems, •the creation of new ties between AI and other fields working on similar problems. Kirana Store
Problems in Artificial intelligence… • Planning
• Perception
• Deduction, reasoning, problem solving.
• Motion and manipulation
• Learning • Natural language processing
• Social intelligence • General intelligence & Creativity
A Question- ‘CAN’
Store AI beKirana done ??
So, the answer is
Yes
AI can be done!
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The Approaches… There is no established unifying theory or paradigm that guides AI research. Researchers disagree about many issues, however stated below are some approaches:and brain simulation • Cybernetics cybernetics.
--- connection between neurology, information theory, and
simulation --- researchers studied human problem solving skills and attempted to formalize • Cognitive them, and their work laid the foundations of the field of artificial intelligence. • Pattern recognition • Expert System ---- a
computer program that contains the knowledge and analytical skills of one or more human experts, related to a specific subject.
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Continued... •
The Artificial Neural Network ---
•
AI
It consists of interconnected artificial neurons that processes information using computation. In most cases an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal information.
o
Logical AI --- focused on using formal logic to solve a wide variety of problems, including knowledge
o
Knowledge based AI ---enormous amounts of knowledge would be required by many simple AI applications
o
Statistical AI ----These tools are truly scientific, in the sense that their results are both measurable and
representation, planning and learning.
verifiable, and they have been responsible for many of AI's recent successes
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Applications of Artificial intelligence… It is possible to instruct some computers using speech
Helps in recognizing pattern e.g. a vision program may try to match a pattern of eyes and a nose in a scene in order to find a face. Kirana Store
Continued… There is some intelligence in game playing applications, as they play well against people mainly through brute force computation--looking at hundreds of thousands of positions. Kirana Store
Examples…
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Informative applications… Heuristic classification Information is available about the owner of the credit card, his record of payment and also about the item he is buying, etc…
•Too Many Results •All Kinds of resources
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The Dangers…
I hate
humans !!
You are gone buddy !
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Super Intelligence Super-intelligence of machines Might make humans unconscious •
MAVEN was created in 1987 to play Scrabble. No person has been able to win.
•
1997 Deep Blue plays the world’s best Chess player and wins. – 1,000,000,000,000 positions/sec – 100 - 200 billion moves considered – Able to evaluate moves – Beat world champion Kasparov in 1997 match
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Conflicts b/w human & androids...
Hey you ! Do my homework .
• Androids will displace humans from their jobs. The result may be attempts by some humans to destroy androids.
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Robotics What is done Recently!
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Recognize this picture… •Zeno
- 17 inch tall robotic companion
• Unlike artificial robotic toys, Zeno is an interactive learning companion. •can engage in conversation and convey human emotion. •He is the smartest and coolest robot yet! •He has everything he needs to become your friend; he sees, hears, talks and remembers who you are. • He even walks and performs amazing stunts. •He can show emotions, just like you–happy, sad, puzzled, and lots more. • Available within the next three years for Kirana Store Hanson Robotics $200-300
Kismet • A Robot designed to assist research into social interactions between robots and humans. •This project focuses on the construction of robots that engage in meaningful social exchanges with humans. •By doing so, it is possible to have a socially sophisticated human assist the robot in acquiring more sophisticated communication skills and helping it learn the meaning these acts have for others. •This approach is inspired by the way infants learn to communicate with adults.
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• To date, no computer AI can match all dimensions of human intelligence • For algorithmic problems, computers can perform faster, however humans still write the programming
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Thank You 4 Listening! Pratik Jain
I hope you learned something!
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