Application of Electroencephalography in Homoeopathy

"PPL#$"#%& %' L$R%&$PH"L%R"PH* L$R%&$PH" L%R"PH* #& H%M%%P"H*

Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma

MD (Homoeop Dr. Swati Vishnoi Dr. Preetika Lakhera La khera Dr. Mohammad ayya! Daud Dr. Mohammad ayya! "mir

"pp+i,ation o- +e,troen,epha+oraphy in Homoeopathy

"PPL#$"#%& %' L$R%&$PH"L%R"PH* #& H%M%%P"H*

© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy) Dr. Swati Vishnoi BHMS Dr. Preetika Lakhera BHMS Lakhera BHMS Dr. Mohammad Tayyab Daud BHMS Dr. Mohammad Tayyab Amir BHMS Homoeo $ure Resear,h #nstitute &H /01 Morada!ad Road Kashipur (2"R"&$H"L) (2"R"&$H"L) 1 #&D#" Ph1 3454/675840 . mai+1 drrajneeshhom9hotmai+.,om www. treatmenthomeopathy.,om www.homeopathywor+d,ommunity.,om

$ontents +e,troen,epha+oraphy............. +e,troen,epha+oraphy.... .................. ................... ................... .................. ........................................: ...............................: Short history o- e+e,troen,epha+oraphy..... e+e,troen,epha+oraphy.............. ................... ...............................................: .....................................: %riin o- wa;e patterns p atterns !y !rain a,ti;ities................ a,ti;ities......................... .................. ................... .........................< ...............< ypes o- wa;e -orms......................................................................................< amma wa;es...........................................................................................< Homoeopathi, remedies................. remedies.......................... ................... .................................................< .......................................< Beta wa;es................ wa;es......................... .................. ................... ................... .................. .........................................< ................................< Homoeopathi, remedies................. remedies.......................... ................... .................................................0 .......................................0 "+pha wa;es................ wa;es......................... ................... ................... .................. .................. ................... ...............................0 .....................0 Homoeopathi, remedies................. remedies.......................... ................... .................................................0 .......................................0 heta wa;es.............................................................................................8 Homoeopathi, remedies................. remedies.......................... ................... .................................................8 .......................................8 De+ta wa;es................ wa;es......................... .................. .................. ................... ..................................................8 ........................................8 Homoeopathi, remedies................. remedies.......................... ................... .................................................6 .......................................6 +e,troen,epha+oraphy pro,edure................... pro,edure............................ .................. .................. .................. ....................../ ............./ +e,trode p+a,ement................ p+a,ement......................... .................. ........................................................./ ................................................/ Homoeopathy and ................. .......................... ................... .......................................................73 .............................................73 op op Remedies a+terin !rain wa;es................. wa;es.......................... .................. ......................................77 .............................77 Bi!+ioraphy................ Bi!+ioraphy.......................... ................... .................. .................. ................... .........................................77 ...............................77

+e,troen,epha+oraphy he measurement o- e+e,tri,a+ a,ti;ity in di--erent parts o- the !rain and its re,ordin as a ;isua+ tra,e on paper or os,i++os,ope is ,a++ed e+e,troen,epha+oraphy or  and the

= Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy)

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"pp+i,ation o- +e,troen,epha+oraphy in Homoeopathy de;i,e used in this pro,edure is termed e+e,troen,epha+oraph> operatin !y tra,kin and re,ordin e+e,tri,a+ a,ti;ity o- the !rain> in the -orm o- ;arious !rain wa;e patterns> whi,h ,hane a,,ordin to di--erent !rain staes> menta+ a,ti;ities> a!norma+ities o- !rain stru,tures as we++ as surroundins.

A Tyi!a" Tyi!a" ##$

Short history o- e+e,troen,eph e+e,troen,epha+oraphy a+oraphy •

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750:?74:61 Ri,hard $aton is rearded as the -irst s,ientist to in;estiate !rain potentia+s 7580?74741 &apo+eon $y!u+ski presented the e+e,troen,epha+oram in a raphi,a+ -orm !y app+yin a a+;anometer with a photoraphi, atta,hment and was the -irst to o!ser;e epi+epti,  756 ,ontinued as ,ontemporary  re,ordin 74<81 '. i!!s and H. Da;is showed asso,iation o- <@se, spike1wa;e ,omp+eAes in  with epi+epti, a!sen,es 74<81 ". L. Loomis et a+. studied human s+eep patterns

%riin o- wa;e patterns !y !rain a,ti;ities here is a ,hain o- e+e,tri,a+ instan,es in the -orm o- neuroe+e,trophysio+oi,a+ a,ti;ity> o,,urrin o,,urrin durin durin ;arious ;arious !rain a,ti;ities> a,ti;ities> !oth norma+ and a!norma+. a!norma+. Durin e+e,tri,a+ e+e,tri,a+ ,hanes in neurona+ system> e+e,tromaneti, -+uA is a+tered a,,ordin+y. his -+uA appears in the -orm o- ;arious ;arious !rain a,ti;ity wa;e -orms and ,an !e studied with se;era+ de;i,es de;i,es +ike  (+e,troen (+e,troen,epha ,epha+orap +oraphy)> hy)> MR# (Maneti, (Maneti, resonan,e resonan,e imain)> imain)> SP$ (Sin+e


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"pp+i,ation o- +e,troen,epha+oraphy in Homoeopathy photon photon emission emission tomoraphy) tomoraphy)>> P (Positron (Positron emission tomoraphy) et,. whi,h re,ord physio+oi,a+ as we++ as orani, a,ti;ities o- +i;in tissues.

ypes o- wa;e -orms he major wa;e -orms appearin durin !rain -un,tionin are1

amma wa;es hese are in;o+;ed in hiher pro,essin tasks as we++ as ,oniti;e -un,tionin and are important -or +earnin> memory and in-ormation pro,essin. he 03 H amma wa;e is important -or the !indin o- senses in per,eption and is in;o+;ed in +earnin new materia+. Menta++y ,ha++ened and persons with +earnin disa!i+ities ha;e +ower amma a,ti;ity.

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'reCuen,y rane 03 H to 733 H (Hihest) #n,reased "nAiety> hih arousa+> stress De,reased "DHD> depression> +earnin disa!i+ities %ptima+ Bindin senses> ,onition> in-ormation pro,essin> +earnin> per,eption> RM s+eep "ra;ation Meditation

Homoeopathi, remedies amma wa;es in,reased Ars. A!on. %o!!. %ur. %ar!.

amma wa;es de,reased Ana!. Phos. Se. A&ar. %ar!.

Beta wa;es hese hese are hih hih -reCue -reCuen,y n,y +ow amp+i amp+itud tude e !rain !rain wa;es wa;es and ,ommon ,ommon+y +y presen presentt durin durin wake-u+ness. Beta wa;es are ,onne,ted with physi,a+ wor+d> physi,a+ senses and a,tions. hese are in;o+;ed in ,ons,ious thouht> +oi,a+ thinkin> and tend to ha;e a stimu+atin a--e,t. %ptimum amount o- !eta wa;es a++ows one to -o,us work1!ased tasks easi+y. Ha;in too mu,h !eta may +ead to eAperien,e eA,essi;e stress and@or anAiety. he hiher !eta -reCuen,ies are asso,iated with hih +e;e+s o- arousa+. Beta wa;es are enerated durin ,riti,a+ thinkin> writin> readin> and so,ia+iation.

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'reCuen,y rane 76 H to <3 H (Hih -reCuen,y> +ow amp+itude)


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%riin Parieta+ and -ronta+ reions> !i+atera++y symmetri,a+ #n,reased "drena+ine> anAiety> anAiety> hih arousa+> ina!i+ity to re+aA> stress De,reased "DHD> daydreamin> depression> poor ,onition %ptima+ $ons,ious -o,us> memory> pro!+em so+;in "ra;ation $o--ee> enery drinks> ;arious stimu+ants

Homoeopathi, remedies Beta wa;es in,reased Ars. A!on. %o!!. %ur. %ar!.

Beta wa;es de,reased La!h. 'at m . Se. A!on. Mer!.

"+pha wa;es "+pha wa;es !ride the s+it !etween ,ons,ious thinkin and su!,ons,ious mind as the a+pha is the -reCuen,y rane !etween !eta and theta. hese wa;es are ,onne,ted with dynami, mind> ;ision and imainations. hese ,a+ms down when ne,essary and promote -ee+ins -ee+ins o- deep re+aAation. re+aAation. Durin stress> Ea+pha !+o,kinF may o,,ur whi,h in;o+;es in;o+;es eA,ess eA,essi;e i;e !eta !eta a,ti;i a,ti;ity ty and ;ery ;ery +itt+e +itt+e a+pha. a+pha. Basi,a Basi,a++y ++y>> the !eta !eta wa;es wa;es inhi!i inhi!itt the produ,tion o- a+pha as the indi;idua+ is too aroused.

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'reCuen,y rane 4 H to 78 H (Moderate) %riin %,,ipita+ reion> !i+atera+> ,entra+ durin rest #n,reased Daydreamin> ina!i+ity to -o,us> too re+aAed De,reased "nAiety> "nAiety> hih stress> insomnia> %$D %ptima+ Re+aAation Re+aAation "ra;ation "+,oho+> marijuana> re+aAants> some antidepressants

Homoeopathi, remedies "+pha wa;es in,reased (. Phos. Se. La!h. 'at m.

"+pha wa;es de,reased Ars. %ur. %ar!. )yos. A!on.

heta wa;es heta wa;es are in;o+;ed in -ee+in deep> raw emotions daydreamin and s+eep. hese are ,onne,ted with insiht> !io+oi,a+ inte++ien,e> disappointment and -rustration as we++ as deenerati;e !rain diseases. oo oo mu,h theta a,ti;ity may produ,e spe++s o- depression or a pseudo state o- semi hypnotism> as !ein deep+y re+aAed. hese wa;es impro;e intuition> ,reati;ity> and make -ee+ more natura+. hey are a+so in;o+;ed in restorati;e s+eep.


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'reCuen,y rane 8 H to 5 H (S+ow -reCuen,y and hih amp+itude) %riin Parieta+ and tempora+ #n,reased "DHD> depression> hypera,ti;ity> impu+si;ity> inattenti;eness De,reased "nAiety> "nAiety> poor emotiona+ awareness> stress %ptima+ $reati;ity> emotiona+ ,onne,tion> intuition> re+aAation "ra;ation Depressants

Homoeopathi, remedies heta wa;es in,reased Se. %aust. La!h. Ly!. P"at.

heta wa;es de,reased Ars. A!on. %o!!. %ur. Du"!.

De+ta wa;es hese are the s+owest wa;es and -ound most o-ten in in-ants and youn ,hi+dren and de,rease with ae e;en in deep s+eep. hey are asso,iated with the deepest +e;e+s o- re+aAation and restorati;e hea+in s+eep and in;o+untary !ody -un,tions su,h as reu+atin heart !eat and diestion. nouh de+ta wa;es make -ee+ ,omp+ete+y reju;enated a-ter wakin up -rom a ood s+eep. "ny a!norma+ de+ta a,ti;ity shows +earnin disa!i+ities or di--i,u+ties maintainin ,ons,ious awareness as in ,ases o- !rain injuries.

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'reCuen,y rane .7 H to 0 H (S+owest -reCuen,y and hihest amp+itude) %riin 'ronta+ in adu+ts and o,,ipita+ in ,hi+dren #n,reased Brain injuries> +earnin pro!+ems> ina!i+ity to think> se;ere "DHD De,reased #na!i+ity to reju;enate !ody> ina!i+ity ina!i+ity to re;ita+ie the !rain> poor p oor s+eep %ptima+ #mmune system> natura+ hea+in> restorati;e @ deep s+eep "ra;ation Depressants> s+eep

Homoeopathi, remedies De+ta wa;es in,reased Ana!. %a"!. Ph a!. 'at m. %on.

De+ta wa;es de,reased $rah. Ais. Su"h. Ars. %a"!.


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Di**erent ##$ +a,es

+e,troen,epha+oraphy +e,troen,e pha+oraphy pro,edure his is a simp+e pro,edure o- p+a,in e+e,trodes on s,a+p in a seCuentia+ manner and re,ord re,ordin in !y  ma,hine ma,hine and inter interpre pretat tation ion o- the raph produ, produ,ed. ed. Durin Durin an  pro,edure> -o++owin -a,tors are ,onsidered1 • • • • •

'reCuen,y Vo+tae Lo,ation Morpho+oy Po+arity


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State Rea,ti;ity Symmetry "rti-a,t

 re,ordin is !ased on -o++owin points1 • •

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Measurement o- spatia+ distri!ution o- ;o+tae -ie+ds and ;ariation o;er time Sum o- eA,itatory and inhi!itory postsynapti, potentia+s -rom api,a+ dendrites o- pyramida+ ,e++s in outer +ayer o- ,ere!ra+ ,orteA hese readins are modi-ied !y input -rom su!,orti,a+ stru,tures> e.. tha+amus> as,endin reti,u+ar a,ti;atin system he he dend dendri riti ti, , ene enera rato tors rs ha;e ha;e two po+e po+ess (dipo+ (dipo+e e G and and 1) and and are are orie orient nted ed ;erti,a++y S,a+p e+e,trode sina+ dete,tion reCuires syn,hronous dis,hare in approAimate+y 73,m: o- ,orteA Di--erentia+ amp+i-ier re,ords potentia+ di--eren,e !etween two s,a+p e+e,trodes 2pward de-+e,tion when input 7 is re+ati;e+y neati;e ,ompared to input :

+e,trode p+a,ement he 73@:3 system is an internationa++y re,onied method to des,ri!e the +o,ation o- s,a+p e+e,trodes. his system is !ased on the re+ationship !etween the +o,ation o- an e+e,trode and the under+yin area o- ,ere!ra+ ,orteA. he num!ers 73I and :3I re-er to the -a,t that the distan,es !etween adja,ent e+e,trodes are either 73J or :3J o- the tota+ -ront1 !a,k or riht1+e-t distan,e o- the sku++. a,h site has a +etter to identi-y the +o!e and a num!er to identi-y the hemisphere +o,ation.

#"e!trode T %

Lobe 'ronta+ empora+ $entra+

P (

Parieta+ %,,i %,,ipi pita ta++

Remarks

&o ,entra+ +o!e eAists> the $I +etter is used -or identi-i,ation purposes on+y he h e I I (er (ero) o) re-e re-ers rs to an e+e, e+e,tr trod ode e p+a p+a,e ,ed d on on the the mid mid +in +ine e

'our anatomi,a+ +andmarks are used -or the essentia+ positionin o- the e+e,trodes1 • •

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he nasion whi,h is the point !etween the -orehead and the nose he inion whi,h is the +owest point o- the sku++ -rom the !a,k o- the head and is norma++y indi,ated !y a prominent !ump he pre1auri,u+ar points anterior to the ear on either side

Various Various e+e,trodes are app+ied on s,a+p keepin -o++owin points into ,onsideration1 • • • •

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S,a+p e+e,trodes app+ied a,,ordin to the #nternationa+ 731:3 System ;en num!ers (:>0>6>5) re-er to e+e,trode positions on the riht hemisphere %dd num!ers (7><>8>/) re-er to e+e,trode positions on the +e-t hemisphere Atra positions are added !y uti+iin the spa,es in !etween the eAistin 73@:3 system 'p (-ro (-ront ntop opo+ o+ar ar)> )> ' (-ro (-ront nta+ a+)> )> $ (,en (,entra tra+) +)>> P (par (parie ieta ta+) +)>> % (o,, (o,,ipi ipita+ ta+)) and and  (tempora+)> odd num!ers (+e-t)> e;en (riht)> " (ear)


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he ,o++e,tion o- deri;ations -or mu+tip+e ,hanne+s re,orded simu+taneous+y and arraned in a spe,i-i, order is ,a++ed Montae

The /02/ 1nternationa" System o* ##$ #"e!trode "a!ement


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The /02/ 1nternationa" System o* ##$ #"e!trode "a!ement

"nother system p+a,es the  e+e,trodes on s,a+p at 73 per,ent distan,es and is termed as 73@73 system.

/0/ system o* ##$ #"e!trode "a!ement


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Homoeopathy and  Brain is a ;ery ,omp+eA stru,ture> !oth anatomi,a++y and physio+oi,a++y. he ,ere!ra+ ,orteA is ,onsidered the seat o- ,omp+eA thouht. Visua+ pro,essin takes p+a,e in the o,,ipi o,,ipita+ ta+ +o!e. +o!e. he tempora tempora++ +o!e +o!e pro,es pro,esses ses sound sound and +anua +anuae> e> and in,+u in,+udes des the hippo, hippo,ampu ampuss and amyda amyda+a> +a> whi,h whi,h p+ay p+ay ro+es ro+es in memory memory and emotio emotion> n> respe,t respe,ti;e i;e+y +y.. Parieta+ +o!e interates input -rom di--erent senses and is important -or spatia+ orientation and na;iation. "++ these these -un,t -un,tion ionss are inter interate ated d with with ea,h ea,h other other in a syn,hr syn,hroni onied ed way. way. Miasma Miasmati, ti, ,hanes tremendous+y a+ter norma+ state o- hea+th and produ,e se;ere physio+oi,a+ as we++ we++ as patho+ patho+oi oi,a+ ,a+ ,hane ,hanes. s. heir heir s+iht s+ihtest est dishar disharmon mony y +eads +eads to the worst worst -orms -orms o- disorders. disorders. Durin ea,h -un,tion> -un,tion> there is a ,hain o- hih+y hih+y reu+ated reu+ated e+e,trophysio+ e+e,trophysio+oi,a oi,a++ rea,tions inside neurons o- the !rain. heir eAisten,e is re,orded !y  in the -orm o- ;ariou ;ariouss wa;ewa;e-orms orms de;e+o de;e+oped ped durin durin potent potentia+ ia+ ,hane ,haness in di--er di--erent ent !rain !rain areas. areas. "ny "ny a!norma+ ,hane in these -un,tions distur!s the appearan,e o- norma+ wa;es and seen in re,orded re,orded e+e,troen, e+e,troen,epha+ epha+oram. oram. he s+ihtes s+ihtestt stimu+ati stimu+ation on and e;en minor minor emotiona+ emotiona+ ,hanes or thouhts ,an a+ter these wa;e-orms. hus> we ,an interpret the menta+ state as we++ as orani, +esions o- an indi;idua+ at a parti,u+ar time o- re,ordin an . #n this way>  !e,omes a ;ery important and in-a++i!+e too+ in dianosin pro!+ems in hiher -un,tions o- an indi;idua+> whi,h are most important in e;a+uation o- a ,ase. hese wa;e-orm ,hanes in  may !e a too+ to su,,ess-u+ se+e,tion o- a simi+imum remedy -or that ,ase. Here is a summary o- the wa;e-orm ,hanes in  and their ,orrespondin remedies1

amma wa;es in,reased "nAiety> hih arousa+> stress1 "rs. ",on. $o,,. $upr. $ar,. (Psora)

amma wa;es de,reased "DHD> depression> +earnin disa!i+ities1 "na,. Phos. Sep. "ar. $ar,. (Psora@ Syphi+is)

Beta wa;es in,reased "drena+ine> anAiety> anAiety> hih arousa+> ina!i+ity to re+aA> stress1 "rs. ",on. $o,,. $upr. $ar,. (Psora@ Sy,osis)

Beta wa;es de,reased "DHD> daydreamin> depression> poor ,onition1 La,h. &at m. Sep. ",on. Mer,. (Psora@ Mer,. (Psora@ Syphi+is)

"+pha wa;es in,reased Daydreamin> ina!i+ity to -o,us> too re+aAed1 %p. Phos. Sep. La,h. &at m. (Psora)

"+pha wa;es de,reased "nAiety> hih stress> insomnia> %$D1 "rs. $upr. $ar,. Hyos. ",on. (Psora) ",on. (Psora)

heta wa;es in,reased


2

"pp+i,ation o- +e,troen,epha+oraphy in Homoeopathy "DHD> depression> hypera,ti;ity> impu+si;ity> inattenti;eness1 Sep. $aust. La,h. Ly Ly,. ,. P+at. (Psora@ Syphi+is@ Sy,osis)

heta wa;es de,reased "nAiety> poor emotiona+ awareness> stress1 "rs. ",on. $o,,. $upr. Du+,. (Psora@ Syphi+is)

De+ta wa;es in,reased Brain injuries> +earnin pro!+ems> ina!i+ity to think> se;ere "DHD1 "na,. $a+,. Ph a,. &at m. $on. ($ausa $on. ($ausa o,,asiona+is@ Psora@ Sy,osis@ Syphi+is)

De+ta wa;es de,reased #na!i+ity to reju;enate r eju;enate !ody> ina!i+ity to re;ita+ie the !rain> poor s+eep1 raph. "pis. Su+ph. "rs. $a+,. (Psora@ $a+,. (Psora@ Syphi+is)

op Remedies a+terin !rain wa;es "ar. "na,. "pis. ARS. $a+,. CARC. $aust. Cocc. $on. Ly,. Mer,. Nat m. %p. Ph a,. Phos. P+at. SEP. Su+ph.

ACON.

Lach.

CUPR.

Du+,. raph. Hyos.

Bi!+ioraphy +e,tri,a+ ",ti;ity o- the Brain> S+eep?ake States>  $ir,adian Rhythms  $L#&#$"L 2SS %' H  anonIs Re;iew o- Medi,a+ Physio+oy> :8e ... he  is sometimes o- ;a+ue in +o,a+iin patho+oi, pro,esses. hen a ,o++e,tion o- -+uid o;er+ies a portion o- the ,orteA> a,ti;ity o;er this area may !e damped. his -a,t may aid in dianosin and +o,a+iin ,onditions su,h as su!dura+ hematomas. Lesions in the ,ere!ra+ ,orteA ,ause +o,a+...

+e, +e,tri tri,a ,a++ ",ti ",ti;i ;ity ty o- the the Brain Brain>> S+ee S+eep? p?a ake ke Stat States es>>  $ir,a $ir,adi dian an Rhyth Rhythms ms  PH*S#% PH*S#%L%# L%#$ $ B"S#S B"S#S %' H L$R L$R%& %&$P $PH"L H"L%R %R"M "M anon anonIIs Re;ie Re;iew w o- Medi,a Medi,a++ Physio+ Physio+oy oy>> :8e .... he !a,kround !a,kround e+e,tri,a+ e+e,tri,a+ a,ti;ity o- the !rain in unanesthe unanesthetied tied anima+ anima+ss was -irst -irst des,ri des,ri!ed !ed in the 74th 74th ,entur ,entury y. Su!seC Su!seCuen uent+y t+y>> it was ana+y ana+yed ed in a systemati, manner !y the erman psy,hiatrist Hans Berer> who introdu,ed the term e+e,troen,epha+oram () to denote the re,ordin o- the ;ariations in !rain...

+e,trodianosti, Studies o- &er;ous System Disorders > ;oked Potentia+s> and M HarrisonNs Prin,ip+es o- #nterna+ Medi,ine

n,y,+opedia Homoeopathi,a

pi+epsy pi+epsy  +e,troen, +e,troen,epha+ epha+oram oram HaardNs HaardNs eriatri, eriatri, Medi,ine Medi,ine and eronto+oy eronto+oy>> /e ... o supp+ement the ,+ini,a+ history and imain -indins> an  is o-ten per-ormed.


2

"pp+i,ation o- +e,troen,epha+oraphy in Homoeopathy Howe;er> it is important to ,onsider that an  ,an on+y re-+e,t the e+e,trophysio+oi, a,ti;ity that o,,urs durin the re,ordin. #t wi++ !e mis+eadin+y norma+ in 83J o- patients with epi+epsy and thus does...

#n;estiati;e Studies  L$R%&$PH"L%R"PH* $+ini,a+ &euro+oy> 4e... 'iure :1:. ( " ) &orma+  with a posterior+y situated 41H a+pha rhythm that attenuates with eye openin. ( B ) "!norma+  showin irreu+ar di--use s+ow a,ti;ity in an o!tunded patient with en,epha+itis. ( $ ) #rreu+ar s+ow a,ti;ity in the riht ,entra+ reion> on a di--use+y...

Manaement o- S+eep1Re+ated Breathin Disorders  Dianosis o- %S"S Respiratory "n #nterated "pproa,h to Disease ... with an o!stru,ti;e apnea episode. &ote that apnea is terminated !y an arousa+ on the  ,hanne+ and is -o++owed !y de,+inin S a o : J !y pu+se oAimetry. (!) " PS i++ustratin redu,tion in air-+ow a,,ompanied !y an arousa+ and oAyen desaturation typi,a+ o- an o!stru,ti;e o!stru ,ti;e hypopnea . he dianosis...

&eur &europ ophy hysi sio+ o+o oy y  he he +e, +e,tro troen en,e ,eph pha+ a+o ora ram m Me Medi di,a ,a++ Physi hysio+ o+o oy y he he Bi Bi Pi,ture ...). #nhi!it depo+ariation !y !+o,kin presynapti, 1type $a :G ,hanne+s in the tha+amus (e..> usin ;a+proi, a,id or ethosuAimide). 'iure :187 he e+e,troen,epha+oram (). ". Basi,  wa;e patterns and a spikin pattern asso,iated with epi+epti, !rain a,ti;ity. a,ti;ity. B.  patterns...

Radar 73

Seiures  L$R%&$PH"L%R"PH* Prin,ip+es and Pra,ti,e o- Hospita+ Medi,ine> :e ... +e,troen,epha+oraphy () is the o+d standard to distinuish epi+epti, seiures -rom nonepi+epti, e;ents and other seiure mimi,s. he study is most dianosti, i- the patient has an e;ent durin  re,ordin> as on+y approAimate+y <3J o- patients with ,hroni, unpro;oked seiures show... show...

Seiures and pi+epsy  +e,troen,epha+oraphy HarrisonNs Manua+ o- Medi,ine> 74e ... "++ pts shou+d !e e;a+uated as soon as possi!+e with an > whi,h measures e+e,tri,a+ a,ti;ity o- the !rain !y re,ordin -rom e+e,trodes p+a,ed on the s,a+p. he presen,e o- e+e,tro e+e,trora raphi phi, , seiur seiure e a,ti;i a,ti;ity ty durin durin the ,+ini, ,+ini,a++ a++y y e;iden e;identt e;ent e;ent (i.e.> (i.e.> a!norm a!norma+> a+> repetiti;e> rhythmi, a,ti;ity.. a,ti;ity....


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Application of Electroencephalography in Homoeopathy

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