API 570 Exam

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) INSTRUCTIONS: THIS PROBLEM COVERS QUESTIONS 1 – 5 ON THIS PAGE!!! Inspection records for a CML show a low piping circuit UT reading in a CS elbow in Caustic Service (Class 2). Original elbow thickness measured 0.875 inches during baseline UT in 2002. In 2007, the ell measured 0.800 inches. In 2012, it measured .725 inches. Other Info: Assume no RBI is used and circuit pressure design thickness = .250 inches and the structural minimum thickness = .375 inches. Design = 150 psig/375°F. The 12 NPS has heavy insulation damage to a 25 foot section that is located in the lowest point of the line just above grade as reported in 2012. 1. On the basis of information above, remaining life & half remaining life of this circuit is: A) 10 years RL and 5 years @ ½ RL C) 23.3 years RL & 11.7 years @ ½ RL

B) 13.3 years RL and 6.7 years @ ½ RL D) 31.7 years RL and 15.8 years @ ½ RL

Answer = C … Solution: .725 - .375* = .350 ÷ .015 (15 MPY) = 23.3 yrs RL / 11.7 @ ½ RL (* Minimum required t = Use greater of pressure design t / structural minimum t = .375 in) Reference: API 570, Para. 7.1.1 … *Last Paragraph & API 574, Section 11.1.4 2. On the basis of information above, short-term corrosion rate for the location is: A) 5.0 mils per year C) 10.0 mils per year

B) 7.5 mils per year D) 15.0 mils per year

Answer = D … Solution: .800 - .725 = .075 ÷ 5 years = .015 or 15 mils per year Reference: API 570, Para. 7.1.1 (Formula for ST) 3. On the basis of information above, the long-term corrosion rate for the location is: A) 5.0 mils per year C) 10.0 mils per year

B) 7.5 mils per year D) 15.0 mils per year

Answer = D … Solution: .875 - .725 = .150 ÷ 10 years = .015 or 15 mils per year Reference: API 570, Para. 7.1.1 (Formula for LT) 4. On the basis of info above, the maximum inspection intervals for this piping circuit are: A) B) C) D)

Thickness insp interval = 6.7 yrs and visual external insp interval = 5.0 years Thickness insp interval = 6.7 yrs and visual external insp interval = 6.7 years Thickness insp interval = 10 years and visual external insp interval = 5.0 years Thickness insp interval = 10 years and visual external insp interval = 10.0 years

Answer = C … Ref: API 570, Par. 6.3.3 & 6.3.4 & Table 2 … Class 2 = 10 yrs UT or ½ RL = 11.7(use the lesser) = 10 years for UT interval & External Visual = Table 2 value = 5 yrs 5. On basis of the information above, the extent of NDE (Profile RT) after a 2012 visual insp for CUI is: A) 33% of the 25 feet must be removed as the area is within the CUI susceptible temp range B) 50% of the 25 foot section must be removed or NDE examined due to damaged insulation C) 50% of the 25 foot section must be removed as the area is within CUI susceptible temp range D) None of these are correct based on API 570 requirements Answer = D … Ref: API 570, Para. 6.4 & Table 3  2nd Para.  Damage = 50% rule!!! 1|Page

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 6. What is the minimum required thickness of a blank made of ASTM A516 Gr. 70 Plate with a with a ring joint design (Size 12 NPS Class 900 Flange) in a piping system with a design pressure of 1,200 psi @ 400°F & Corrosion Allowance of .25 inches? A) 1.53 inches B) 1.78 inches C) 2.03 inches D) 2.28 inches

Apply formula 15 of ASME B31.3 Step 1 … Solve 3P & 16SE … 3P = 1,200 x 3 = 3,600 … 16 SE = 16 x 21,600 (E=1) = 345,600 Step 2 … (3P ÷ 16SE) or 3600 ÷ 345,600 = .0104166 … Remember “c” is saved for last!!! Step 3 … Square root of .0104166 = .10206, and dg = 15.0 x .10206 = 1.5309 = 1.53 inches Step 4 … Add CA last … Solution is 1.53 inches + .25 inches = 1.78 inches = Answer = B 7. What is the minimum required thickness, given the design conditions below for an existing piping system in a local refinery? Given: Design Pressure & Temp = 300 psig @ 300°F, ASTM A-106 Gr. B, Pipe is 14 NPS! Structural minimum design thickness = Use API 574 default minimum structural thickness A) 0.100 inches C) 0.110 inches

B) 0.105 inches D) 0.115 inches

Answer = C … use tm = PD ÷ 2(SE) … Barlow’s Formula … API 574, Sect. 11.1.2 First, solve PD & SE values separately, quickly, efficiently & double check them. PD = 4,200 (300 x 14*) … *14 = 14 NPS OD value in API 574 Pipe Schedules (Table 1 = CS) SE = 20,000 (A-1 Tables) … Table A-1 ASME B31.3 must be tabbed at CS pipe & other areas Note: E = 1.0 for seamless pipe specs like A-106  Tab Table A-1B ASME B31.3 tm = 4200 ÷ 2 (20,000) or 40,000 = .105 in. or .110 inches (API 574 Table 6 Default Value), You must always use the greater value of these two … Answer = .110 inches = C *API 574 Section 11.1 & 11.2 covers structural minimum thickness rules  Be sure you know it Tip # 1: If your value is not listed above in one of the four answers … Consider the fact that common errors include simple math & selection of wrong values when working calcs. Make sure that you always double check the math and NEVER RUSH when in Table A-1 because the letters are SO SMALL & often a wrong value for “ksi” is applied based on wrong temp column or material row selected by mistake. Lesson Learned: Double check all A-1 Table values. Tip # 2: If you are very close to an answer, but maybe are one of two or a few mils off, consider that your Pipe OD value used may be incorrect … 10.750 versus 10.625, etc … Recheck API 574 Pipe Schedules and apply the correct OD piping value or recheck other factors, especially E. 2|Page

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 8. Determine MAWP of corroded pipe given the detailed information below! Given: Design pressure/temp = 500 psig/600°F for A106 Gr B, Pipe = NPS 14 XS, having a baseline thickness in 2002 = .500 inches, in 2007 = .450 inches, in 2012 = .400 inches and assume a 10 year interval for the purpose of the MAWP calc! A) Corrosion rate is 10 MPY, t = .400 inches, MAWP = 1023 psi, so a 10 year interval = OK  B) Corrosion rate is 10 MPY, t = .300 inches, MAWP = 767 psi, so a 10 year interval = OK  C) Corrosion rate is 10 MPY, t = .200 inches, MAWP = 511 psi, so a 10 year interval = OK  D) Corrosion rate is 10 MPY, t = .100 inches, MAWP = 256 psi, so a 10 yr interval = Not ok  Answer = C … API 570, Para. 7.2 & Table 4 Examples: When MAWP is recalculated, wall thickness used in calcs shall be actual thickness as determined by inspection (5.6 definition) minus twice* the estimated corrosion loss before the date of the next inspection (6.3.3). Step # 1: Determine corr. rate  50 mils lost in 5 yrs & 100 mils lost in 10 yrs (LT & ST) = 10 MPY … Observation: A uniform corrosion rate exists  Both LT & ST = 10 MPY Step # 2: Determine correct UT inspection interval! Use 10 years for a MAWP calculation Step # 3: Estimated corr. loss (ECL) in 10 yrs = 100 mils, & 2* x ECL = 200 mils (Para. 7.2) Step # 4: Utilize the correct formula & values per API 570 Table 4 for MAWP = 2SEt ÷ D, & use ASME B31.3 to find S = 17,900 (table A-1 value @ 600F), E = 1.0 (Table A-1B value for seamless) t = .440, because .400 minus twice the estimated loss in 10 yrs or .200 = .200 MAWP = 2 (17,900) (1.0) (.200) ÷ 14 (From API 574 pipe schedules) = See math below MAWP = 35,800 x .200 = 7,160 ÷ 14 = 511 psi … 10 YEAR INTERVAL = OK  Conclusion: 511 psi exceeds 500 psi design = the 10 year proposed interval is acceptable  9. What is the minimum metal temperature that is exempt from impact testing (MDMT) for API 5L, Gr X-60, NPS 24 Sch. 140 pipe (normalized)? A) -3°F (-19.4°C) C) 64°F (17.8°C)

B) 27°F (-2.8°C) D) 100°F (37.8°C)

Answer = C … Ref: API 574 Tables = 2.062 inches (52.37 mm) and Table A-1 Low Temp Column (Note 6) API X-60 = “A” value  See 323.2.2b & Table & Fig 323.2.2A  Note 2 below Fig. 323.2.2A refers you to the B Column in lieu of the A column in Table 323.2.2A for normalized steel  Row 2.0325 (51.6 mm) = closest & use Col B Value = 17.8°C or 64°F = C 10. What is the minimum metal temperature to be maintained during hydrotest to prevent Brittle Fracture (API 5L, Gr X-60, NPS 24 Sch. 140 normalized)? Solve # 9 above first! A) -3°F (-19.4°C) = MDMT (same answer as question 9), plus safety factor = 29°F (-2.4°C) B) 27°F (- 2.8°C) = MDMT, (same answer as question 9), plus safety factor = 57°F (14.2°C) C) 64°F (17.8°C) = MDMT, (same answer as question 9), plus safety factor = 94°F (34.8°C) D) 100°F (37.8°C) = MDMT + safety factor = 130°F (54.8°C) & use 120°F (50°C) maximum Answer = C … Reference: Same as Question # 9 using Brittle Fracture precautions in the API 570, Par. 5.8.3 = 64°F (17.8°C) + 30°F (17 °C) Safety Rule = 94°F (34.8°C) 3|Page

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) Answer question 11 below (WPS & PQR Review) PQR Given Information: A-106 Gr. B material, NPS 20, Schedule 120 Additional Given Information PQR # 123456 coupon thickness measured by Babu was exactly the same thickness as the nominal wall thickness from API 574 piping schedules in inches. Weld process = SMAW. PQR # 123456 was signed and dated by Babu B. Babu and supports WPS # 123456. 11. What is the WPS # 123456 base metal thickness range qualified by PQR # 123456? A) 3/16 in. or 5 mm is the minimum thickness qualified by PQR # 123456 B) 3/16 in. (5 mm) to 8 inches (200 mm) is the thickness range qualified by PQR # 123456 C) 3/16 in. (5 mm) to 2T (3 inches or 76 mm) is the thickness range qualified by PQR # 123456 D) 2T (1.5 inches x 2) or 3 inches (76 mm) is a maximum thickness qualified by PQR # 123456 Answer: B … QW-451.1 Table  Row = 1.5 inches to 6 inches (inclusive) = 5mm to 200mm 12. A piping system designed at 500 psi @ 600°F is to be hydrostatically tested at a test temp conducted at below 100°F (38°C). Pipe is A-106 Grade A seamless, NPS 8 Sch. 80. What is the hydrostatic test pressure required by code? A) 750 psig C) 838 psig

B) 785 psig D) 867 psig

Answer = C … Reference: ASME B31.3 Table A-1 & Para. 345.4.2 … Use Formula (API EXAM QUESTIONS WILL NOT GIVE THE INFO ABOVE IN PARENTHESIS) Solution: Determine both St & S from A-1 Tables … St = 16,000 & S = 15,300 (St ÷ S = 1.046) 1.5 (500 = pressure) (1.046 … Rr = St/S = 1.046) = 784.5 = 785 psig (Use 2010 Code, not 2008) Para. 345.4.2 (a) requires not less than 1-1/2 times design pressure. 500 x 1.5 = 750 Solution = 785 psi to compensate for the difference between design pressure test conditions and it must be noted that 785 exceeds the “minimum” of 1.5 times design or 750 psi in this case!!! 13. What is the essential wire & wire diameter (assume source side IQI) for 4 NPS Sch 40S ASTM A312 Type 316L pipe weld in “as welded” condition. Assume Category D service! A) Essential wire # 4 (0.16 mm) C) Essential wire # 6 (0.25 mm)

B) Essential wire # 5 (0.20 mm) D) None of these are correct

Answer = C … Solution Step # 1: Use API 574 Table, Sch 40 NPS 4 = .237 (6.02mm) Solution Step # 2: Apply the rule for T-276.2(a) and proceed to Step # 3 … Add reinforcement Solution Step # 3: Use B31.3, Table 341.3.2 for reinforcement = L = 1/16 in or .062 (1.5mm) Cat. D service (M value) requires DOUBLE code reinforcement of “L” @ B31.3 T- 341.3.2 Solution Step # 4: Add .237 + .125 = .299 inches … Metric = 6.02 mm + 3 mm = 9.02 mm Ref: API 574 SS schedules, B31.3 table 341.3.2 value “M”, ASME V, Table T-276, T-233.2 2 RULES = WELDS WITH (T-276.2a) & WITHOUT (T-276.2b) REINFORCEMENT

4|Page

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) Answer questions 14 & 15 below (PQR Review) PQR Given Information: A-106 Gr. B material, NPS 20, Schedule 120

Note: All test results signed off & dated by Egyptian Mech. Testing Group (Babu B. Babu) Tensile Test specimen # 1 (18.8mm x 18.8mm) Results = 69,900 … Failed = Weld Metal Tensile Test specimen # 2 (18.6mm x 18.6mm) Results = 70,000 … Failed = Weld Metal Tensile Test specimen # 3 (18.7mm x 18.7mm) Results = 66,500 … Failed = Base Metal Tensile Test specimen # 4 (18.8mm x 18.8mm) Results = 66,000 … Failed = Base Metal Guided Bend (side bend) specimen # 1 results = Pass … 2.9 mm slag in the weld area Guided Bend (side bend) specimen # 2 results = Pass … 3.0 mm porosity in the weld area Guided Bend (side bend) specimen # 3 results = Pass … 3.0 mm crack in the weld area Guided Bend (side bend) specimen # 4 results = Pass … 3.0 mm incomplete fusion weld area 14. The four tensile test values provided above by were reviewed and found to be: A) Adequate in number, however # 1 & # 4 are both below ASME IX required tensile values B) Adequate in number, however # 1, # 3 & # 4 are all below ASME IX tensile values C) Adequate in number, however # 1 is below the ASME IX required tensile value D) Adequate in number and all tensile test results acceptable Answer: D … Apply QW-422 Table Value of 60 ksi & 5% under rule of QW-153 The number (4) was adequate because specimens are half-size (full size = 1.5 in. or 38mm) 60,000 Table Value (no allowed reduction for weld metal failures) … Accept # 1 & # 2 60,000 Table Value x .95 (5% rule for base metal failures) = 57,000 … Accept # 3 & # 4 15. The guided bend test results provided above were reviewed and: A) Adequate in number, however specimens # 2, # 3 & # 4 are rejectable (3mm defects visible) B) Adequate in number, however specimens with cracks (# 3 was cracked) are always rejected C) Inadequate in number and specimens # 2, # 3 & # 4 are rejectable (3mm defects visible) D) Adequate in number and all guided bend test results are acceptable Answer: D … QW-163 allows 3mm maximum weld flaw size … See also Table QW-451.1 5|Page

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 16. What is pressure rating & the hydrostatic test pressure for a Class 300 A182 Gr. F316L flange being subjected to a system hydrostatic test pressure at 90°F (32°C)? A) 230 psi x 1.5, round up at test at 350 psi C) 275 psi x 1.5, round up at test at 425 psi

B) 600 psi x 1.5 and test at 900 psi D) 720 psi x 1.5 and test at 1100 psi

Ans = B … Ref: B16.5, Par. 2.6 & Table 1A  Table F2-2.3  Row 100°F & Col. Class 300 17. Minimum hold time and test pressure for a Sensitive Leak Test using the Gas and Bubble test method with an approved low surface tension bubble forming solution is: Additional Given Information: The system under test has a design pressure of 100 psi. A) 15 minutes at a test pressure of 25 psi C) 15 minutes at a test pressure of 15 psi

B) 30 minutes at a test pressure of 25 psi D) None of these are correct

Ans = C … Ref: ASME B31.3, Par. 345.8  ASME V, Art. 10, Mandatory Appendix 1, Sections I-1032a & I-1070 = 15 minutes & 345.8.a = lesser of 15 psi or 25% design pressure

Answer question 18 (Determine weld size) below

B31.3 Fig. 328.5.2B Typical Details for Double-Welded Slip-On Flg Attachment Welds 18. What are the minimum required fillet weld sizes (front & back welds) for a double welded slip on flange per Fig.328.5.2B using Detail (1), given a 3 NPS Sch 40 pipe & class 150 rated slip-on welding flange? A) 5.6 mm for the front weld (ID) & 7.8 mm for the back weld (OD) to the hub B) 6.0 mm for the front weld (ID) & 7.8 mm for the back weld (OD) to the hub C) 6.0 mm for the front weld (ID) & 6.0 mm for the back weld (OD) to the hub D) 5.6 mm for the front weld (ID) & 8.6 mm for the back weld (OD) to the hub 574 pipe sch  T = 5.59 mm … Note that you must use ASME B16.5 Tables Flange Hub T  See B16.5 Table 8  X* – B* ÷ 2 = 108 – 90.7 = 17.3 ÷ 2 = 8.65 mm * X & B values in Table 8 (Class 150 Flg dimensions) on Pg 71  See Columns 5 & 11 Front weld size (ID near the flange face) = lesser of T or 6mm = 5.59 mm = Answer = A Back weld size (OD on back side) = 1.4 x t = lesser of 7.83 mm or 8.65 = 7.83 mm = A 6|Page

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 19. What is PWHT temperature range, holding time/inch, and minimum holding time for ASTM A-333 Gr. 8 materials having weld joint thickness measuring 2.25 inches (56 mm)? A) PWHT range = 1,025 – 1,085°F, holding time/inch = 1 hr, & minimum holding time = 1 hr B) PWHT range = 1,100 – 1,200°F, holding time/inch = 1 hr, & minimum holding time = 1 hr C) PWHT range = 1,100 – 1,325°F, holding time/inch = 1 hr, & minimum holding time = 1 hr D) PWHT range = 1,300 – 1,375°F, holding time/inch = 1 hr, & minimum holding time = 2 hr Ans = A … Ref: ASME B31.3 Table 331 & Notes 1 QW-422  matl = 9% Nickel P-No 11A 20. What is the acceptable range of magnetizing current (amps) required for prod spacing of 6 inches on an as welded NPS 24 Schedule 60 ASTM A-106 Gr. B pipe weld? A) 600 to 750 amps C) 800 to 1000 amps

B) 720 to 880 amps D) None of these are correct

Answer = A … Ref: ASME V, Art. 7, T-752.2  API 574 value=.969 in.  100 to 125 A/in. Solution: 6 inches x 100 = 600, 6 inches x 125 = 750  600 –750 amps range  Answer = A! 21. When using water-washable penetrants, excess penetrant shall be removed with: A) A coarse water spray not exceeding 25 psi with a water temp not exceeding 110°F (43°C) B) A coarse water spray not exceeding 50 psi with a water temp not exceeding 110°F (43°C) C) A fine water spray not exceeding 5 psi with a water temp not exceeding 120°F (52°C) D) Fine water spray not exceeding 10 psi with a water temp not exceeding 120°F (52°C) Ans = B … Ref: ASME V, Art. 6, T-673.1  Also BOLD ITEM T-673.3  PT No-No’s! 22. Evaluations of soil corrosivity should be performed at five-year intervals for: A) Soil to air/asphalt interface piping showing evidence of corrosion without CP system present B) Soil to air interface piping showing corrosion to a minimum depth of 12 in below the grade C) For piping buried in lengths greater than 100 ft (30 m) without CP system present D) None of these statements are correct Answer = C … Reference: API 570, Para. 9.3.4 23. When performing a small patch repair, what is the maximum electrode diameter, type of electrode, and type of weld bead required when the temperature is below 32 °F (0 °C)? A) Max electrode diam. = 5/32 in. (4.0 mm), cellulosic type deposited with stringer beads B) Max electrode diameter = 1/8 in. (3.2 mm), low-hydrogen type by weaving of weld beads C) Max electrode diam. = 1/8 in. (3.2 mm), cellulosic type deposited by weaving of weld beads D) Max electrode diameter = 5/32 in. (4.0 mm), low-hydrogen type deposited with stringer beads Answer = D … Reference: API 570, Annex C, Section C.2

7|Page

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 24. API 579 can be used for FFS information on all of the following EXCEPT: A) To obtain info on additional considerations for pressure tests (use lower test pressure) B) To evaluate crack-like flaws (including excessive undercut on existing piping system) C) To evaluate blisters, laminations, weld misalignment, distortion, and fire damage D) To evaluate metal loss not in excess of the specified corrosion allowance Ans = D … 570, Para. 5.8 & 7.4  when it is in excess of the specified corrosion allowance 25. Fewer CMLs can be selected for which of the following piping systems? A) Those with high potential for creating a safety or environmental emergency in event of a leak B) Systems subject to changes that could cause corrosion as shown by history D) Short piping system runs with frequent changes of direction B) Relatively noncorrosive piping systems (such as Lube Oil) Answer = D … API 570, Para. 5.6.3 26. All the following statements are true about ASME PCC-2 and Inspector should refer to ASME PCC-2 for all of the following information (info) EXCEPT: A) PCC-2 gives more info on temporary non-welded (composite wrap) repairs to piping systems B) PCC-2 gives more info on permanent welded repairs to piping systems C) PCC-2 gives more info on conducting NDE instead of pressure testing D) PCC-2 gives more info on temporary welded repairs to piping systems Answer = C … API 570, Paras. for PCC-2  A = 8.1.4.2, B = 8.1.4.1, C = 8.1.5, D = 8.5 & PCC-2 provides more information on pressure tests (not NDE in lieu of Pressure Tests) 27. To be exempt from pressure testing after repairs, the requirements for socket welds include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Welds are to be examined with appropriate NDE as specified by authorized piping inspector B) Spacers designed for socket welds shall be used to establish a minimum 1/16 in/1.6 mm gap C) Socket welds shall be per ASME B31.3 (Figure 328.5.2.c) & shall be a minimum of 2 passes D) MT or PT shall be performed on both the root pass and final completed pass of socket welds Answer = D … Reference: API 570, Para. 8.2.7  Socket welds are fillet welds and only on the final completed pass is MT or PT required  Butt welds get MT or PT on the root pass

8|Page

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) For Questions #28 and #29, use the given information below! This data is given for a Class 2 piping system … Remaining Life = 16 Yrs Thickness = 0.36 in. (Insp results) … Corrosion Rate = 10 mpy 28. When is the next thickness measurement inspection due (using the information above)? A) 4 years C) 8 years

B) 5 years D) 10 years

Answer: C (570, 7.1.1 & Para. 6.3.3* (Interval rules) Table 2) *Apply rule for thickness measurement interval = ½ rem. life or 10 years (Use lower value). Remaining life = 16 years, therefore Half Rem. Life = 8 years … Since 8 (half rem. life) is less than 10 (Class 2 Thickness measurement interval), use 8 years!!! 29. When will the next external inspection be due (using the given information above)? A) 4 years C) 8 years

B) 5 years D) 10 years

Answer: B (See API 570, Table 2 for Class 2 system = 5 years) 30. API 570 recommended upstream limits of an injection point circuit for inspection purposes is (Assume that a size 4 NPS line has a size 1 NPS injection point): Problem: An injection point exists on a 4 NPS pipe … What is the upstream limit? A) 12 inches C) 10 pipe diameters

B) 13.5 inches D) 25 feet

Answer = B (API 570, Para. 5.5.9 & Figure 1) … Don’t forget the upstream rule … 12 inches or 3 pipe diameters, whichever is greater … 4 NPS = 4.50 in x 3 = 13.5 in 31. To verify satisfactory PWHT, what test is conducted per ASME B31.3 requirements? A) Radiography C) Hardness survey

B) Ultrasonic D) MT or PT after grinding

Answer: C (ASME B31.3, 331.1.7 … First sentence) 32. Proper safety precautions shall be taken before any piping system is opened & before some types of external inspections. All these general 570 safety precautions apply except: A) Procedure for segregating piping systems, installing blanks (blinds) & testing tightness B) Opened piping should be isolated from all sources of harmful liquids, gases, or vapors and purged to remove all oil and toxic or flammable gases and vapors. C) Before starting inspection, inspection personnel should obtain permission to work in the vicinity from operating personnel responsible for the piping system, & wear any PPE for work. D) NDE equipment meets OSHA safety requirements for hazardous electrical equipment. Ans = D (570, Par. 5.3.1 & 5.3.2) … NDE Equip to meet operating facility safety reqmts Degree of difficulty = 10/10 with this question!!! 9|Page

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 33. In qualifying a procedure for Visual Examination as per ASME Section V, a simulated flaw (defect) of what minimum dimensional width shall be used? A) 1/16 inch C) 1/32 inch

B) 1/8 inch D) None of these are correct

Answer: C (ASME V, T-921.3) … Please highlight & review 34. Each owner/user should provide specific attention to the need for inspection of piping systems susceptible to specific types and areas of deterioration. These include all EXCEPT: A) Injection points, deadlegs, Corrosion under insulation (CUI), Soil-to-air (S/A) interfaces B) Service specific & localized corrosion, Erosion & corrosion/erosion, Corrosion under linings C) Environmental cracking, Fatigue cracking, Creep cracking, brittle fracture & Freeze damage D) Contact point corrosion, Corrosion under deposits & Low temperature Corrosion Answer = D (API 570, Para. 5.4.2) … Obviously, Low temperature corrosion is not listed 35. The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of a correct hole-type IQI was measured with a densitometer at 2.8 in the area of interest. What is the acceptable range of density for the film (assume no shims were used with the IQI)? A) 2.4 to 3.6 (2.38 to 3.64), applying the -15% +30% rule B) 2.0 to 4.0 if a Gamma ray source was used C) 1.8 to 4.0 if an X-Ray source was used D) None of these is correct Answer = A … Reference: T-282.2(a) … we are not asking what is acceptable density range 36. For existing insulated lines that are being pressure tested after repairs, rerating, or alteration, it is not necessary to strip insulation on all existing welds. However, what actions should be taken in lieu of stripping away of all of the insulation for the test? A) Pressure test with longer hold times & match mark pressure gauges before leaving the site B) Pressure test with longer hold times & observe pressure gauges carefully during the test C) Pressure test with shorter hold times & perform a close pressure gauge examination D) Check the line carefully at all exposed areas looking for small leaks Answer = B (API 570, Par. 8.2.6) 37. Regarding future Inspection interval determination by the Inspector, which of these statements is NOT true according to the API 570 code? A) B) C) D)

Inspection intervals shall be reviewed/adjusted as needed after each inspection Inspection intervals shall be reviewed/adjusted as needed after a significant operating change Forms of deterioration / damage mechanisms shall be considered when establishing intervals Maximum inspection intervals as per API 570 Table 2 (thickness, visual) shall be mandatory

Answer: D (API 570, 6.3.3 … Last Para.) Table 2 maximum intervals are recommended 10 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 38. Category D Fluid Service is a service where all of the following are true EXCEPT: A) Fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic, & not damaging to human tissues B) Design temperature is from 0°C (32°F) through 186°C (366°F) C) Design gage pressure does not exceed 150 psi D) Inspection of Category D piping is optional Answer: D (ASME B31.3 Definitions … Fluid Service) −29°C (−20°F) to 186°C (366°F) 39. Per API 570, inspection of Category D Fluid Service piping is: A) Handled along with most other normal fluid service piping inspections covered by code B) Based on reliability needs and inspection of Category D piping is optional C) Falls under a Class 3 piping system and must be inspected D) None of the above statements are true Answer: B (API 570, Para. 1.2.2.a.2 & Para. 6.3.4.5  Class 4) 40. Corrosion specialists should be consulted about the appropriate placement and number of CMLs for piping systems under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT: A) Whenever piping systems are susceptible to localized corrosion or cracking B) Whenever piping systems are susceptible to cracking C) When CMLs will be greatly increased in number D) When CMLs will be completely eliminated Answer: C (API 570, 5.6.3) … 41. UT thickness measurements taken on what size pipe may require specialized equipment such as miniature transducers, curved shoes and diameter specific calibration blocks? A) Below NPS 1 only B) NPS 1 and below C) NPS 2 and below D) NPS 3 and below Answer: C (API 570, 5.7.1) 42. What are the preferred methods per API 570 when the corrosion in a piping system is non-uniform or the remaining thickness is approaching the minimum required thickness, requiring additional thickness measurements? A) Ultrasonic (UT) scanning methods B) Radiographic (RT) techniques C) RT techniques or UT scanning methods D) Physical measurements using calipers Answer: C (API 570, 5.7.1) 11 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 43. Ambient pressure test temps may cause piping system failures because carbon, lowalloys & others embrittled by service exposure, may be susceptible to any of these except: A) A damage mechanism caused by metallurgical changes known as Temper Embrittlement B) A damage mechanism caused by material property changes known as Brittle Fracture C) A damage mechanism known as Caustic Embrittlement D) Brittle failure Answer: C (API 570, Para. 5.4.1.1 & Para. 5.8.3) … Brittle failure includes both the brittle fracture and a possibility of temper embrittlement, especially in 2-1/4 Cr 1Mo materials) 44. The potential for a brittle failure shall be evaluated by an engineer prior to Hydrostatic Testing or especially prior to Pneumatic Testing because of the: A) Higher chance for leakage involved in the pneumatic test B) Lower chance for leakage involved in the pneumatic test C) Higher potential energy involved in the pneumatic test D) Lower potential energy involved in the pneumatic test Answer: C (API 570, Para. 5.8.3) … Must know Pneumatic Test Stored Energy Calculation 45. For closure welds that have not been pressure tested (also welding repairs identified by Engineer or Inspector), in cases where UT is substituted for Radiography, owner/user shall specify all of the following be done in accordance with API 570 except: A) Application of ASME B31 Code Case 179 (ASME B31.1 piping) whenever it is applicable B) Application of ASME B31 Code Case 181 (ASME B31.3 piping) whenever it is applicable C) ASNT Level III qualified shear wave examiners must be used for these examinations D) Industry-qualified UT shear wave examiners must be used for these examinations Ans: C (API 570, Par. 5.8.5) OPEN BOOK EXAM QUESTION! NDE also (RED & BLUE) 46. Per 570, which step below should NOT be taken if weld imperfections* are found during RT profile examinations of welds in a piping system (*crack-like indications, etc)? A) Further inspection with weld quality UT or RT to assess the magnitude of the imperfection & then determine if the imperfection is from original construction or from environmental cracking B) Environmental cracks shall be assessed by Eng &/or Corr. Special. (API 579-1/ASME FFS-1) C) Crack-like flaws shall be assessed by the Eng &/or Corr. Specialist (API 579-1/ASME FFS-1) D) Preferential weld corrosion shall be assessed by the Engineer and/or the Corrosion Specialist Ans: D (570, 5.11 … 3rd & 4th Par … Assessed by Inspector)  Green = Welding Question 47. What is the maximum allowed inspection interval for Class 2 piping system requiring thickness measurement (assuming the RL = 10 years and no RBI used)? A) Every 3 years

B) Every 5 years

C) Every 10 years

D) None of these are correct

Ans: B (API 570, 6.3, 3rd Par. Rule = Table 2 value by Class or ½ RL, use the lesser value) Solution: Table 2 Value Class 2 = 10 years OR ½ RL = 10 ÷ 2 = 5 years … Lesser = 5 years 12 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 48. What is the maximum allowed inspection interval for Class 2 piping system requiring thickness measurement (assuming the RL = 20 years and no RBI used)? A) Every 3 years

B) Every 5 years

C) Every 10 years

D) None of these are correct

Ans: C (API 570, 6.3, 3rd Par. Rule = Table 2 value by Class or ½ RL, use the lesser value) Solution: Table 2 Value Class 2 = 10 yrs OR ½ RL = 20 ÷ 2 = 10 years … Lesser = 10 yrs 49. What is maximum possible API 570 interval for thickness measurement at an Injection Point (assume no RBI)? A) 2 years C) 5 years

B) 3 years D) To be determined on a case by case basis

Ans: B (API 570, 6.3, 3rd Par. Rule = Table 2 value)  Memorize the 3-year rule for IPs 50. External and CUI inspection on a gasoline pipeline (on-site service will not significantly vaporize during release) should be conducted every (how many) years? (No RBI, RL=6yrs) A) 3 years C) 6 years

B) 5 years D) 10 years

Ans: C (570, 6.3, 4th Par. Rule = Use Table 2 value only)  Class 3 = 10 year visual interval There is no ½ RL rule for Visual Inspection intervals … Use the full RL of 6 years or “C” the RL was given to try to “trick you” … Were you fooled and did you answer 3 years?  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~END OPEN BOOK SECTION 50 QUESTIONS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

BONUS QUESTION

Using illustration from ASME B16.5 (Table 5) identify Value “P” as: A) Ring Type Joint (RTJ) dimension B) Value Dg in the blank calculation C) Ring Joint pitch dimension D) Flat face pitch diameter Answer: B (ASME B16.5 Table 5 Illustration of Ring Joint Gasket pitch diameter) 13 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) ~~~~~~~~~~BEGIN CLOSED BOOK SECTION 100 QUESTIONS~~~~~~~~~~ 51. The RL of anhydrous hydrogen chloride system (rapidly vaporizes on release) was found to be 11 yrs. When must next visual inspection be scheduled for this piping system? (Given information = No RBI, RL = 6 years) A) 3 years C) 6 years

B) 5 years D) 10 years

Ans: B (570, 6.3, 4th Par. Rule = Use Table 2 value only)  Class 1 = 5 year visual interval There is no ½ RL rule for Visual Insp intervals … Use Class 1 Table Value of 5 yrs or “B” 52. A diesel pipeline is located along a river. This piping circuit should have thickness measurements conducted every (what is interval in years)? Assume no RBI & 20 year RL! A) 3 years C) 10 years

B) 5 years D) Inspection is optional

Answer: B (570, 6.3.4.2.f, Table 2) Must know piping over or along a waterway = Class 1 (Table 2 interval for UT = 5 years) … Common mistake = Call this Class 3 line = 10 years The ½ RL rule = 10 years … The lesser value will be found in Table 2 = 5 years! 53. Which of the following conditions have the “highest potential” to create an emergency should a leak occur in a Class 1 piping system containing flammable fluids? A) Rapid vaporization on leakage C) No significant vaporization

B) Slow vaporization on leakage D) None of the above

Answer: A (API 570, 6.2.1) 54. When designating an injection point circuit for inspection purposes, it is often best to: A) Extend the circuit to the next fitting downstream of the injection point B) Extend the circuit two fittings downstream of the injection point C) Extend the circuit to the next piece of pressure equipment D) Extend the circuit to the next specification break Answer = C (API 570, Para. 5.5.9) 55. Regarding brittle fracture failures, cracking found will typically show evidence of: A) Straight, non-branching cracks largely without evidence of any associated plastic deformation B) Both straight & multi-facet cracks with evidence of a shear lip or localized necking at cracks C) Branching cracks having evidence of a shear lip or localized necking around the cracks D) None of these are correct Answer: A … API 571 … Para. 4.2.7.5.a … Brittle Fracture Question 14 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 56. Most cases of Brittle Fracture occur only at: A) Charpy Impact temperatures have no relationship to Brittle Fracture occurrences B) Temperatures above Charpy Impact transition temperatures C) Temperatures below Charpy Impact transition temperatures D) Temperatures below ambient & only in very thick sections Answer = C … See Paragraph 4.2.7.3.e below  Critical Factors 57. Who is responsible to select the corrosion rate that best reflects the current process? A) Piping Engineer after consultation with the Corrosion Engineer B) Authorized Inspector after consultation with a Corrosion Engineer C) Authorized Inspector determines the rate that best reflects the current process D) Authorized Piping Engineer determines Corrosion Rate based on Inspector’s recommendation Answer = B (API 570, Para. 7.1.1) 58. Insulating materials often “hold moisture” that creates corrosion. The ability of insulation to draw and hold water or moisture is known as: A) Wicking C) Wetting

B) Saturation D) None of these are correct

Answer: A … API 571, Para. 4.3.3.3.f – Corrosion under Insulation Question 59. An API Authorized Piping Inspector must have the required education, training and experience qualifications related to the design, construction, repair and inspection of piping systems. Authorized piping inspectors shall be qualified & certified in accordance with what code requirement? A) API 570 Annex A C) API 570 Annex C

B) API 570 Annex B D) API ICP (Inspector Certification Program)

Answer = A (API 570, Para. 4.2 & Appendix A) 60. An API Authorized Inspection Agency may be which of the following? A) Inspection organization outside the jurisdiction in which the piping system is used B) Owner/user of piping systems who maintains an inspection organization for his own piping C) Any independent inspection organization following the requirements of API 570 for piping D) Any independent inspection organization not licensed or recognized by the jurisdiction Answer = D (API 570, Para. 3.1.6 Definition)

15 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 61. A Repair Organization may be defined as any of the following EXCEPT: A) An owner or user of piping systems who repairs or alters his equipment per API 570 B) Contractor with qualifications acceptable to an owner or user of piping systems and who makes repairs or alterations in accordance with API 570 C) One who is authorized by, acceptable to, or otherwise not prohibited by a jurisdiction and who makes repairs in accordance with API 570 D) A Group outside of a Jurisdiction that travels into a new location and does Repair Work Answer = D (API 570, Para. 3.1.79 Definition) 62. Who is responsible for developing, documenting, implementing, executing, and assessing piping inspection systems and inspection procedures that will meet the requirements of the API 570 Inspection Code? A) Owner/user organization C) Authorized Inspection Agency

B) Contractor with qualifications acceptable to owner/user D) Repair Organization

Answer = A (API 570, Para. 4.3.1.1) 63. API 570 Authorized Piping Inspectors are responsible to the Owner/User for all of the following EXCEPT: A) Determining if API 570 requirements for inspection/examination/testing have been met B) Being directly involved in all inspection activities, including any examiners assisting him C) Settle all nonconformances by having repairs done quickly as based on inspector’s findings D) Evaluating & accepting (or rejecting) all examination results provided by any examiner Answer = C (API 570, Para. 4.3.4) 64. Historically, the greatest number of incorrect material substitutions during fabrication and construction is between what types of materials: A) CS & Low Alloys C) Low Alloy & Nickel steels

B) CS & SS D) None of these

Answer = A … CS substitutions into Low Alloy (CrMo) systems  API 578, Para. 4.3.3.1 65. What is the API 570 “minimum possible upstream limit” for an injection point circuit for inspection purposes (It can NEVER be less than this value, although it may be greater): A) 6 inches B) 12 inches C) 24 inches D) None of these are correct Ans = B (API 570, Para. 5.5.9 & Figure 1) … Don’t forget the upstream rule … 12 inches or 3 pipe diameters, whichever is GREATER … Minimum possible always = 12 inches

16 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 66. The owner/user or the inspector may establish inspection intervals and the thickness measurements should be scheduled based on: A) Not more than the remaining life as determined from calculated corrosion rates B) Only at maximum intervals recommended in Table 2 for a given Class of piping C) The remaining life value or the Table 2 value, whichever is less D) None of these is correct Ans = D (570, Par. 6.3.3)  At ½ RL value or the Table 2 value, whichever is less 67. Critical Environmental Factors for CUI can include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Insulation system design & type B) Humidity & Rainfall C) Chlorides from Marine Environment D) Industrial pollution (SO², etc) Answer = A … API 571 See Paragraph 4.3.3.3.a (Critical Factors) 68. The owner/user or the inspector may establish inspection intervals and the visual inspection intervals should be: A) Not more than the remaining life as determined from calculated corrosion rates B) At maximum intervals recommended in Table 2 for a given Class of piping C) At the remaining life value or the Table 2 value, whichever is less D) None of these is correct Ans = B (570, Par. 6.3.3) First sentence  many miss this easy question! 69. Thickness measurement inspection on hot surfaces must apply a 1% temperature correction factor for every 100°F when the surface temperature measures greater than: A) 100°F (38°C) B) 125°F (52°C) C) 150°F (65°C) D) 212°F (100°C) Answer = C (API 570, Para. 5.7.1) 70. When an owner/user chooses to conduct RBI assessment of piping system, assessments must include a systematic evaluation for all items listed below EXCEPT: A) Likelihood of failure based on forms of degradation reasonably expected in a given service B) In accordance with API 580 and detailed methodology per API 581. C) In accordance with API 579 and detailed methodology per API 581. D) Consequence of failure of the piping system in a given service Answer = C (API 570, Para. 5.2 … Second Paragraph)

17 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 71. External visual inspections are used to identify all of the following EXCEPT: A) Corrosion (at supports & at interface corrosion points), Coating/Insulation deterioration. B) Support Condition (Inadequate supports, loose supports, spacing (gaps) not having bearing C) Leaks (Flanged joints, Steam tracing, existing clamps, valve stems, seal welds, threads, etc) D) Condition of externally accessible surfaces after any piping flanges are opened Answer = D (API 570, Para. 5.4.3 … last sentence) Note: “D” is considered an internal insp 72. Soil to air interface zone is generally located “where” on a piping system? A) Pipe running parallel to and less than 12 in. (300 mm) above soil line B) 12 in. (300 mm) below to 12 in. (300 mm) above grade C) 12 in. (300 mm) below to 6 in. (150 mm) above grade D) None of these are correct Answer: C (570, 3.42) … Always apply the 6 inch rule for pipe parallel & close to grade 73. Atmospheric Corrosion rates vary greatly due to a variety of factors. Corrosion rates for CS increase with the temperature up to about 250°F (121°C). At temperatures above 250°F (121°C), the equipment surfaces are: A) Usually too dry for corrosion to occur, except under insulation (that can remain wetted) B) Susceptible to conditions that cause increased corrosion rates C) Susceptible to conditions that cause decreased corrosion rates D) Usually too dry for corrosion to occur Answer: A … API 571, Para. 4.3.2.3.f – Atmospheric Corrosion Question 74. A mechanical form of degradation in which cracks are produced as the result of dynamic loading due to water hammer, slugging, or unstable fluid flow is known as: A) Vibration-Induced Fatigue C) Mechanical Fatigue

B) Thermal Fatigue D) Erosion/Erosion Corrosion

Answer: A … API 571, Para. 4.2.17.1 – Vibration-Induced Fatigue Question 75. Fasteners should extend completely through their nuts. Any fastener failing to do so is considered acceptably engaged if: A) The end of the fastener is flush with the face of the nut B) The lack of complete engagement is not more than 1 thread C) The lack of complete engagement is not more than 2 threads D) At least one thread must extend beyond the face of the nut Answer: B (API 570, Para. 5.12)

18 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 76. These points are areas defined by a circle having a diameter not greater than 2 inches for a line diameter not exceeding 10 inches or not greater than 3 inches for larger lines. A) Hold C) Witness

B) Examination D) CML

Answer: B (API 570, Para. 3.1.20) 77. API 570 Piping Classification schemes are based upon the: A) Likelihood of failure C) Risk of failure

B) Consequence of failure D) None of these

Answer: B … (API 570, Para. 6.3.1  2nd Paragraph (below) 78. Regarding the appearance or morphology of Mechanical Fatigue, the signature mark of fatigue failure will typically appear as: A) Single clam shell fingerprint with vertical straight lines directly below the crack initiation site B) Single clam shell fingerprint with rings called beach marks coming from a crack initiation site C) Concentric lines throughout the entire cross-sectional area D) None of these are correct Ans: B … API 571, Para. 4.2.16.5.a & Figures 4-30/31/32/33 – Mechanical Fatigue Question 79. The common method used to monitor boiler water for condensate corrosion is: A) Operational Temp Range Analysis B) Treatment Chemical (Scavenger) Analysis C) Water Analysis D) pH Analysis Answer = C … See Para. 4.3.5.7 (Inspection & Monitoring) 80. Loss of ductility/notch toughness in susceptible low alloys, such as ≤ 2-1/4 Cr occurs when: A) B) C) D)

Prolonged service at high temperature (700 F – 1070 F) leads to Temper embrittlement Prolonged operation at high cyclical service leads to Vibration-Induced fatigue Prolonged services at low temperature (-20 F) leads to Brittle Fracture Prolonged service at high pressure and temperature leads to creep

Answer: A (API 570, Para. 3.44) … definition of Temper Embrittlement

19 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 81. Magnetic Particle examination methods can detect which of these discontinuities? A) B) C) D)

Both shallow sub-surface cracks and surface cracks Both deep sub-surface cracks and surface cracks Shallow sub-surface cracks Deep sub-surface cracks

Answer: A (ASME V, Art. 7, T-720) … Shallow sub-surface cracks & other discontinuities may be found using MT … Many miss this question and answer “C” 82. API 578 gives rules for Alloy Verification for: A) Carbon steel piping material for old or new piping B) Alloy steel piping materials, for old or new piping C) Carbon steel materials used for old piping only D) Alloy steels used for old piping only Answer: B (API 578, 1.1) 83. Regarding the thickness measurement of small diameter piping NPS 1 & smaller, the best NDT technique (API 570 preferred method) is to use the: A) Ultrasonic thickness technique C) Real time radiographic methods

B) Radiographic profile technique D) None of these are correct per API 570

Answer: B (API 570, Para. 5.6) … Reason … The effects of “doubling” occur during UT 84. For recalculating Piping Circuit MAWP, what computation determines wall thickness? A) Actual thickness as determined by inspection B) Actual thickness minus estimated corrosion loss before the next inspection date C) Actual thickness minus twice the estimated corrosion loss before the next inspection date D) Actual thickness minus estimated corrosion loss since the last inspection date Answer: C (API 570, 7.2) 85. A typical injection point pipe circuit starts upstream of the injection point (how far): A) B) C) D)

12 inches 12 inches or 2 times pipe diameter, whichever is greater 12 inches or 3 times pipe diameter, whichever is lesser 12 inches or 3 times pipe diameter, whichever is greater

Answer: D (API 570, 5.3.1) 20 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 86. What term best describes a physical change in a component that has design implications affecting pressure containing capability or flexibility of a piping system beyond the scope of the original design. A) Rerating

B) Repair

C) Alteration

D) Assembly

Answer: C (API 570, Para. 3.1 … Definition) … A guaranteed test question 87. Who has responsibility to the owner/user that includes the supply of materials, equipment, quality control and workmanship necessary to maintain and repair piping systems per API 570? A) Repair organization C) Contractor

B) Inspection Agency D) Piping Engineer

Answer: A (API 570, Para. 4.3.3) 88. Injection points are sometimes subject to accelerated corrosion from normal or abnormal operating conditions. Because of this, how must they be treated? A) B) C) D)

Injection points may be treated as a separate inspection circuit Injection points are treated as any other piping in the plant Injection points require no special treatment None of the above

Answer: A (API 570, 5.3.1) 89. Rerating piping systems by changing MAWP & / or temp rating may be done only if all of the following requirements below have been met EXCEPT (Select incorrect answer): A) Piping system uses same pressure relieving device settings if capacity is not affected B) Calculations are performed by the piping engineer or the inspector C) Rerating is acceptable to the inspector or piping engineer D) All piping system components are adequate for the new combination of pressure/temperature Answer = A (API 570, Par. 8.3.e) … Relief must be reset at the appropriate new pressure 90. The API-570 Piping Inspection Code applies to: A) B) C) D)

Inspection, rating, repair, & alteration procedures for piping systems already in-service May be used for modification or addition of new piping systems constructed per the code May be used when in conflict with any prevailing regulatory requirements Pressure vessels, heaters, or heat exchanger internal or external piping

Answer: A (API 570, 1.1.1) 21 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 91. API-570 Piping Inspection Code is intended for use and may be used by all these EXCEPT: A) Those in the Refinery Industry B) Those in the Chemical Process industry C) Those in the Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Industry D) Whoever wants to use it as long as they have access to Authorized Inspection Agency Answer: D (API 570, 1.2.1)  Authorized Inspection, Engineers, Repair Org, etc) 92. Which of the following types of imperfections cannot be detected by radiography? A) Cracks B) Slag or Porosity C) Incomplete Penetration D) Planar flaws (such as laminations) Answer = D … ASME V, Art. 1, Table A-110 (RT Col. Product Form & weld imperfection) 93. The owner/user shall maintain appropriate permanent and progressive records of each piping system covered by API 570 for all of the following items EXCEPT: A) Piping system service, classification, identification numbers, & inspection intervals B) Documents recording details of testing (inspector/examiner, date, types of testing, etc) C) Results of thickness measurements & other tests, inspections, repairs (temp/permanent), alterations, or rerating. Design information and piping drawings may be included D) Fitness for service assessment plans and strategies Answer = D (API 570, Par. 7.6.1) 94. When reviewing RT film, a darkened perfectly straight line can be seen in the very center of the root pass (lightest area). The length of the line is about 75mm long. It is likely which type of discontinuity? A) Incomplete penetration C) Wormhole porosity

B) Incomplete fusion D) Crack

Ans: A (API 577 NDT General Knowledge) … Note 2 in API 577 RT Illustrations 95. Which of these imperfections may appear as a light white spot using radiography? A) Excessive root reinforcement B) Incomplete Penetration C) Tungsten Inclusion D) Porosity Answer = C … API 577, Note 2 Tungsten Inclusion Illustration in Chapter 9 22 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 96. Deadlegs include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Lines with ends blanked B) Control valve bypass lines C) Relief valve inlet and outlet header piping D) Sample points, drains, bleeders, and instrument connections Answer: B (API 570, Para. 3.1.16) 97. Injection points are sometimes subject to accelerated corrosion from normal or abnormal operating conditions, and because of this injection points are treated as: A) A part of the circuit that needs to be inspected regularly per API 570 requirements B) A separate inspection circuit needing thorough inspection on a regular schedule C) An inspection circuit covered along with On-stream inspection surveys D) A separate part of an external inspection, similar to CUI inspection Answer: B (API 570, 5.4.2) 98. Before performing required inspections, inspectors shall familiarize themselves with: A) Similar piping system repairs B) Piping system baseline inspection results C) Previous history of similar piping systems D) Current Inspection Plans for the piping system Answer: D (API 570, 5.3.5)  Review the current Inspection Plan) 99. Examples of environmental cracking include all of the following except: A) Polythionic acid SCC of sensitized austenitic alloy steels B) Caustic SCC (caustic embrittlement) C) Temper Embrittlement and Creep D) Chloride SCC of Austenitic SS Answer: C (API 570, 5.4.1.1) 100. Typical sources of moisture that cause corrosion under insulation (CUI) include: A) B) C) D)

Cooling Towers located downwind from Plant Prevailing winds Rain, water leaks, condensation and deluge systems Breaks, holes or sealant deterioration in insulation Penetration locations in the insulation

Ans: B (5.4.2.c API 574, Sect 7.4.4) … sources, not causes (If causes for CUI, ans = C) 23 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 101. Regarding reporting & records, Computer programs are particularly useful for all of the following EXCEPT: A) Storing thickness readings B) Calculating short and long-term corrosion rates, retirement dates, MAWP, and reinspection intervals on a test-point by test-point basis. C) Highlighting areas of high corrosion rates & circuits overdue for inspection D) Fitness for service assessment docs per API 581 Answer: D (API 570, Para. 7.6) … Fitness for Service Assessment docs are per API 579 102. ASME IX Mechanical Tests (Tension Tests) are used to determine the: A) Degree of soundness and ductility of groove-weld joints B) Ultimate strength of groove-weld joints C) Notch toughness of the weld D) Stress values used in calcs Answer = B … QW-141.1 103. ASME IX Mechanical Tests (Guided-Bend Tests) are used to determine the: A) Degree of soundness and ductility of groove-weld joints B) Ultimate strength of groove-weld joints C) Notch toughness of the weld D) Stress values used in calcs Answer = A … QW-141.2 104. ASME IX Mechanical Tests (Charpy Impact Tests) are used to determine the: A) Degree of soundness and ductility of groove-weld joints B) Ultimate strength of groove-weld joints C) Notch toughness of the weld D) Stress values used in calcs Answer = C … QW-141.3 105. API 574 External Insp Checklist for Misalignment covers all the following except: A) Piping Misalignment C) Support misalignment

B) Restricted Movement D) Expansion joint misalignment

Answer: C (API 574, Annex A – External Inspection Checklist)

24 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 106. Which of these statements are False regarding On-stream inspections per API 570? A) On-Stream inspections may be required by the Inspection plan B) On-stream inspections should be conducted by either an inspector or examiner C) The external thickness measurement inspection shall be a part of an on-stream inspection D) On-stream inspection work done by examiners shall be authorized & approved by Inspector Answer: C (API 570, Para. 5.5.2) 107. Which of these are NOT mandatory requirement(s) for re-rating a piping system? A) Current insp. records shall be reviewed to verify that piping system is satisfactory for the proposed service conditions & an appropriate corrosion allowance has been provided B) The piping system is checked to affirm that the required pressure relieving devices are present, are set at appropriate pressure & have appropriate capacity at the set pressure C) All deficiencies in the piping system must be corrected before the re-rating is complete D) Calculations must be performed by the piping engineer or the inspector Answer: C (API 570, 8.3) 108. Which of the following API 570 cases does requires the approval from the piping engineer and is considered an “alteration” as defined by API 570? A) B) C) D)

Changing out a damaged flange with a new flange of the same rating and material Changing out a corroded branch connection (no required reinforcement) Adding a large bore branch connection requiring reinforcement Adding a small bore weld boss not requiring reinforcement

Answer: C (API 570, 8.1.1 & Definition in Para. 3.1) … HIGHLIGHT YOUR API 570 109. After completion of alterations or major repairs, a pressure test is: A) B) C) D)

Normally required Not normally required Required if deemed necessary by Examiner Mandatory per API 570

Answer: A (API 570, 8.2.6 First Paragraph) … Normally required after alterations 110. Any welding conducted on piping components in operation must be done in accordance with this document, and Inspector shall use as a minimum “Suggested Hot Tap Checklist” contained in this document for hot tapping performed on piping components. Which of the following documents referenced in API 570 addresses hot tapping? A) API 2201

B) API 574

Answer: A (API 570, 8.2) 25 | P a g e

C) ASME B31.3

D) ASME PCC-2

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 111. Which of the following statements are correct? A) Soil resistivity is a measure of resistance used by drilling operations in oil exploration and it has no connection with corrosive soil B) Soil resistivity has nothing to do with corrosiveness of soil because soil corrosion depends on the amount of corrosive chemicals present in the soil C) Lower soil resistivity indicates less corrosive soil D) Higher soil resistivity indicates less corrosive soil Answer: D (API 570, 9.1.4 on Soil Resistivity) HIGHER soil resistivity indicates LESS corrosive soil … and therefore, LOWER soil resistivity will indicate MORE corrosive soil 112. Who shall be responsible to the owner-user for determining that the requirements of API 570 for inspection, examination and testing are met? A) Engineer C) Repair Organization

B) Inspector D) Operating Personnel

Answer: B (API 570, Para. 4.3.4) … Authorized Piping Inspector = Inspector in API 570) 113. General types of inspection & surveillance recognized for piping systems per API 570 include all of these EXCEPT: A) Internal visual and external visual inspections B) On-stream and thickness measurement and supplemental inspections C) CUI inspection and vibrating piping inspection and Injection point inspection D) Infrared Thermography for Hot spots, RT for fouling/plugging, Soil/Air interface inspections Answer: D (API 570, 5.5)  These are not general types of inspection as per API 570 114. Bellows expansion joints should be visually inspected for all of these problems except: A) Displacement exceeding design B) Coating failure & corrosion C) Unusual deformation D) Misalignment Answer: B (API 570, Par. 5.5.4 ) 115. External inspections include surveys for condition of piping hangers/supports. Which item below is NOT an inspection item concerning piping hangers/support conditions? A) Locate any “bottomed out” spring supports and support shoes displaced from their supports B) Support dummy legs have adequate drainage (not filled with water that causes corrosion) C) Locate any cracked or broken hangers including any missing/damaged hardware D) Restraint conditions that relieve stress existing in the piping system Answer: D (API 570, Par. 5.5.4  See also API 574, Par. 10.1.4.1  Annex A Checklist Note: Improper restraint conditions “create” or “Cause” stress in piping  Not relieve it 26 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 116. In addition to inspector, what other personnel can perform 570 external inspections? A) Qualified Operating/Maintenance Personnel when acceptable to Inspector B) Personnel suitably trained and appointed by the Management A) Any plant personnel C) Only the inspector Answer: A (API 570, Par. 5.5.4)  Third Paragraph 117. At junctions where vibrating piping systems are restrained (such as branch connections), what method(s) of NDE should be used to assess pipe condition and what damage mechanism is likely to occur if periodic inspections are neglected? A) MT or PT … To detect the onset of fatigue cracking B) RT or UT … To detect the onset of fatigue cracking C) VT or ET … To detect the onset of fatigue cracking D) None of these are correct because fatigue cracking cannot be detected before it happens Answer: A (API 570, 5.5.7) 118. Piping systems will have more CMLs and will be monitored more frequently when all of the following conditions apply EXEPT: A) Piping systems having high potential consequences if a failure occurs B) Piping systems subject to higher corrosion rates C) Piping systems subject to localized corrosion D) Piping systems selected by Inspector Answer: D (API 570, 5.6.2, 1st Paragraph) 119. A minimal number of CMLs are acceptable: A) Whenever the corrosion rate is low and the corrosion is not localized B) Whenever the corrosion rate is well known to an owner/user C) Whenever the corrosion rate has been accurately established D) Whenever it is acceptable to the API Authorized Inspector Answer: A (API 570, 5.6.3) … 120. What is the formula for remaining life (½ RL = used for Thickness Measure intervals)? A) RL (years) = t actual – t required ÷ corrosion rate (in. or mm/year) B) RL (years) = t initial – t actual ÷ the time (years) between t initial and t actual C) RL (years) = t previous – t actual ÷ the time (years) between t previous and t actual D) None of these is correct per API 570 Ans: A (API 570, 6.3, 3rd Par. Rule & 7.1.1 Formula 1)  Must memorize these 3 formulas A = Correct = RL Formula # 1 … Both B & C are incorrect … see the next few questions 27 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 121. What is the formula for LT Corrosion Rate? A) Corrosion Rate LT = t actual – t required ÷ corrosion rate (in. or mm/year) B) Corrosion Rate LT = t initial – t actual ÷ the time (years) between t initial and t actual C) Corrosion Rate LT = t previous – t actual ÷ the time (years) between t previous and t actual D) None of these is correct per API 570 Ans: B (API 570, 6.3, 3rd Par. Rule & 7.1.1 Formula 2)  Must memorize these 3 formulas because B = Correct = Corrosion Rate (LT) uses t initial … see the next two questions 122. What is the formula for ST Corrosion Rate? A) Corrosion Rate ST = t actual – t required ÷ corrosion rate (in. or mm/year) B) Corrosion Rate ST = t initial – t actual ÷ the time (years) between t initial and t actual C) Corrosion Rate ST = t previous – t actual ÷ the time (years) between t previous and t actual D) None of these is correct per API 570 Ans: C (API 570, 6.3, 3rd Par. Rule & 7.1.1 Formula 3)  Must memorize these 3 formulas because C = Correct = Corrosion Rate (ST) uses t previous … see the next two questions 123. Regarding surface preparation for the various NDE techniques, the inspector may need advice from: A) No one (Inspectors call it) B) Corrosion specialist C) NDE specialist D) Engineer Answer: C (API 570, 5.7.3) 124. As part of a routine inspection, pressure tests are: A) Conducted only when specified by owner/user B) Not normally conducted C) Normally conducted D) Never conducted Answer: B (API 570, 5.8)  Pressure testing deserves its own color code (red) 125. As part of a routine inspection, pressure tests must be conducted under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT: A) Whenever U.S. Coast Guard regulations apply for over water piping B) Whenever specified per requirements of local jurisdictions C) Whenever specified by the inspector or piping engineer D) Whenever specified by a repair organization Answer: D (API 570, 5.8)  Pressure testing deserves its own color code (red)

28 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 126. Lower pressure tests, which are used only for tightness of piping systems, may be conducted at pressures designated by: A) Owner/user C) ASME B31.3 Code

B) Engineer D) Jurisdiction Rules

Answer: A (API 570, 5.8 … 1st Para, 5th Sentence) Exam Tip: Also know pressure test requirements per Section 8.2.6  normally required after an alteration … These will be covered later in the Hundreds in Section 8.2 127. Per API 570, when a pressure test is required, it shall be conducted (when)? A) Either before or after any heat treatment if approved by the Inspector B) Either before or after any heat treatment if approved by the Engineer C) Always before any heat treatment D) Always after any heat treatment Answer: D (API 570, 5.8 … 3rd Para)  Must know this critical rule 128. API 570 cautions the owner/user to avoid exceeding what critical limit for material during pressure tests (especially for equipment at elevated service temperatures)? A) Avoid exceeding 90% of SMYS of a material at test temperature during pressure testing B) Avoid exceeding the specified maximum tensile strength during pressure testing C) Avoid exceeding the specified minimum yield strength during pressure testing D) Avoid exceeding the MAWP for the equipment during pressure testing Ans: A (API 570, 5.8 … Last Para & Note)  Must know critical Note / 90% SMYS rule! 129. When flammable liquid is used for pressure testing, its flash point shall be at least: A) 60° F (15°C) C) 120°F (49°C)

B) 90°F (32°C) D) 150°F (65°C)

Answer: C (API 570, 5.8.1 … 1st Para)  Pressure testing deserves its own color code (red) 130. Piping fabricated of or having components of 300 series SS should be hydrotested with a solution made up of potable water (see note), de-ionized/de-mineralized water or steam condensate having a total chloride concentration (not free chlorine concentration) of: A) Less than 50 ppm B) Less than 100 ppm C) Less than 150 ppm D) Less than 200 ppm Answer: A (API 570, 5.8.1 … 2nd Para)  Pressure testing deserves its own color code (red) 29 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 131. A pneumatic (or hydro pneumatic) pressure test may be used when it is impracticable to hydrostatically test a piping system. Which of these statements are correct per API 570? A) Temperature, structural, or process limitations may make a hydrotest impracticable B) Only an owner may decide which limitations make a hydrotest impracticable C) Only structural or process limitations may make a hydrotest impracticable D) Only process limitations may make a hydrotest impracticable Answer: A (API 570, 5.8.2)  Pressure testing deserves its own color code (red) 132. Per API 570, special attention shall be given when pressure testing which of these steels because they may be subject to Brittle Fracture during start-up/shut down because: A) Metallurgical change known as Temper Embrittlement may affect all 1- ¼ Cr 1 Mo steels B) Metallurgical change known as Temper Embrittlement may affect all 2- ¼ Cr 1 Mo steels C) Metallurgical change known as Brittle Fracture may occur in all 5% - 9% Chrome steels D) Metallurgical change known as Brittle Fracture may occur in all 1- ¼ Cr 1 Mo steels Answer: B (API 570, Para. 5.8.3) …  Pressure testing includes Brittle Fracture concerns 133. Substituting NDE procedures for pressure test after an alteration is allowed only after: A) Either an Engineer or an Inspector have approved the substitution B) Both the Engineer and Inspector have approved the substitution C) Inspector has approved the substitution D) Engineer has approved the substitution Answer: B (API 570, Para. 5.8.5) …  Pressure testing covers NDE also (RED & BLUE) 134. Per API 570, appropriate NDE shall be specified and conducted and substituted for a pressure test when a pressure test is not performed after: A) Any major repair or alteration … If the Engineer & Inspector approved the NDE substitution B) Any major repair or alteration … If the Repair Organization approved the NDE substitution C) Any major repair … If the Engineer & Inspector approved the NDE substitution D) Any alteration … If the Engineer & Inspector approved the NDE substitution Answer: D (API 570, Para. 5.8.5) … Pressure testing covers NDE also (RED & BLUE) 135. Per API 570, PMI tests can be accomplished by: A) Inspector or examiner B) The inspector only C) The examiner only D) Trained PMI techs Answer: A (API 570, 5.9)

30 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 136. If a piping system component should fail because an incorrect material was inadvertently substituted for the proper piping material, the inspector shall: A) Ensure further sampling (Up to 100%) of existing piping materials is accomplished ASAP B) Only consider the need for the further verification of the existing piping materials C) Ensure that further sampling of existing piping materials is accomplished ASAP D) Ensure 100% verification of existing piping materials is accomplished ASAP Answer: B (API 570, 5.9)  MUST KNOW  100% Certain to be on the exam!!! 137. Which of the PMI test methods detects carbon content nondestructively? A) Examining Material Test Reports (MTRs) B) Portable Optical Emission Spectroscopy C) Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) D) Laboratory Chemical Analysis Answer: B (API 570, 5.9  API 578, Par. 5.2.1  Know the three PMI methods) 138. Per API 578, if any one of a representative sample is rejected, then all of the items of that inspection lot should be: A) Quarantined (Segregated) and considered suspect until cleared by PMI testing or Verification B) Considered Rejected (Segregated) until cleared by PMI testing or Verification C) Considered Rejected only D) Considered Suspect only Answer: D (API 570, 5.9  API 578, Par. 6.3  Must know this likely exam question) 139. Per API 578, examples of acceptable identification markings includes all these except: A) Documentation showing both the PMI test results and the PMI test locations B) Low-stress stamp marking indicating that the PMI test has been performed C) Color coding by alloy (Such as using the PFI-ES-22 system) D) Visual verification of Mill Test Report (MTR) results Answer: D (API 570, 5.9  API 578, Par. 7.1  Must know this likely exam question) 140. Normally thickness readings are not routinely taken on valves in piping circuits when dismantled for servicing and repair. However gate valves in a severe corrosive/erosive environment should have thickness readings taken (where)? A) Between the valve seats C) Thickness readings are not taken (use calipers) Answer: A (API 570, 5.10)

31 | P a g e

B) The valve bonnet C) The valve ends

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 141. Check valves should be visually checked and inspected internally. Which item below is not a normally required inspection item for internally inspecting check valves? A) Check that the flapper is free to move without excessive looseness (over tolerance) from wear B) Excess wear on flapper stop (does not allow flapper to move past top center & remain open) C) Flapper nut is properly secured to the flapper bolting (has not backed off, no looseness) D) Leak checks of critical check valves Answer: D (API 570, 5.10.a/b/c & last sentence) 142. If weld imperfections from original* weld fabrication (*Undercuts = crack-like flaws), WHO assesses the impact of the weld quality on the piping system integrity per API 570? A) Inspector and/or Corrosion Specialist B) Piping Engineer and/or Corrosion Specialist C) Inspector and/or Engineer D) Piping Engineer only Answer: B (API 570, 5.11, 4th Para)  This is clear in API 570! Green = Welding Question 143. Each owner/user organization should be audited periodically to determine if the authorized inspection agency is: A) Meeting requirements of Owner/user’s QA Inspection/Repair Management System B) Meeting requirements of Owner/user’s Quality Assurance Manual C) Meeting requirements of Inspection Organization’s Quality Plan D) Meeting requirements of API 570 Piping Inspection Code Answer: D (API 570, 5.13, First Sentence) … Must Know this one … tricky ! 144. The audit team should typically be from any of these except: A) 3rd Party Organization experienced/competent in Petrochemical Process Plant Insp. Programs B) 3rd Party Organization experienced/competent in Refining Process Plant Inspection Programs C) A combination of 3rd Party Organization and other owner/user sites D) The same owner/user plant site where the audit is being conducted Ans: D (API 570, 5.13, 3rd Sentence)  OTHER owner/user sites are acceptable) 145. Per API 570, a one-time, temporary extension of a piping inspection due date is called: A) A deferral B) An extension C) An inspection interval revision D) None of these are correct per API 570 Answer: A (API 570, Para. 6.1, 1st Para  Section 7.10)  Know overdue inspection rules 32 | P a g e

Name/Badge #: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________

Q & A for API 570 Practice Exam (150 Questions Exam C) 146. RBI assessment may be used to: A) Increase or decrease extent of CUI inspection given in API 570 Table 3 for CUI Inspection B) Only Increase inspection limits given in API 570 Table 3 for extent of CUI inspection C) Only decrease inspection limits given in API 570 Table 3 for extent of CUI inspection D) None of these as limits are given in API 570 Table 2 for extent of CUI inspection Answer: A (API 570, 6.3.2 First sentence) 147. Regarding piping classifications, a consequence assessment considers which of these associated with a potential failure of the piping system? A) Explosion, Fire, Toxicity and environmental impact associated with a release B) Potential causes of a release due to a piping system failure C) Likelihood of a release due to a piping system failure D) None of these are found in a consequence assessment Answer: A (API 570, 6.3.1 … Second paragraph, First sentence) 148. Inspection intervals shall be reviewed and adjusted (How often) per API 570? A) As needed after each inspection or significant change in operating conditions B) Only as needed after each inspection if deemed necessary by the Inspector C) Only when significant changes occur in the operating conditions D) None of these is correct per API 570 corrosion half-life rules Ans: A (API 570, 6.3.3, 5th Para)  Must know! 149. Regarding Thickness Measurement Intervals, prior to using Table 2 for Inspection Interval determination by Class, what shall be done per API 570? A) Corrosion rates do not need to be determined because intervals are given in API 570 Table 2 B) Corrosion rates shall be calculated per Section 7.1.1, Formula 1 for RL to determine ½ RL C) Corrosion rates shall be calculated per Section 7.1.1, Formula 1 for RL to determine RL D) Corrosion rates shall be calculated per Section 7.1.1, Formula 2 or 3 for Corrosion Rate Answer: B (API 570, 6.3.3, 3rd Para)  You must memorize Table 2 intervals (Closed BK) and RL formula 1 used to determine RL, then ½ RL … use lesser of Table 2 value or ½ RL 150. In addition to thickness measurement intervals by Class (also Injection Points & S/A), Table 2 also contains recommended: A) Maximum inspection intervals for External Inspection by Class (the RL calc is not applicable) B) Maximum inspection intervals for External Inspection by Class or ½ RL, use greater value C) Maximum inspection intervals for External Inspection by Class or ½ RL, use lesser value D) Maximum inspection intervals for External Inspection by Class or RL, use greater value Ans: (API 570, 6.3.3, 4th Para)  For Closed BK, you must memorize Table 2 intervals by Classification & Injection Points and S/A interface corrosion  See API 574 7.4.5 & copy these rules and place them into Table 2 margins  especially the 10-year rule for UG Pipe 33 | P a g e