6-1
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO
Past & Possible Answer Key
Section 0 Introduction to Unit Systems
Quiz 1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
A. D. C. A. A. A. B. C. B. B. A. D. B. D. B. D. A. D. B. C. B. D. A. A. A. D. B. C. D. C. A. A. A. B.
coulomb (C) volt (V) maxwell/gilbert gilbert/maxwell joule/second gauss/oersted ampere (A) gauss weber m-2·kg-1·s4·A2 coulomb/Volt weber/m2 volt-second m2·kg·s-2·A-2 henry/meter weber/ampere-turn m2·kg·s-3·A-1 weber/ampere weber m2·kg·s-3 gauss m-2·kg-1·s3·A2 Weber/m2 m2·kg·s-2·A-1 weber/m2 oersted m2·kg·s-3·A-2 ampere-turn/m ampere-turn joule (J) kg·s-2·A-1 maxwell gilbert ampere-turn/weber
Section 1 Electricity & Magnetism 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
B. C. B. B. C. B. C. B.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
B. B. A. C. B. B. A.
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
A.
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
A. D. C.
40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
C. D. C. B. D. A. C.
D. B.
B. A.
C. B. C. D. D. B. B. B.
D. C. B. B. D. B. A. C.
Quiz 2
Ampere’s Law x J remanence Remanent induction lodestone Ampere's law ferrites flux Valence A force set up when current flows through a conductor Gilbert Curie temperature 0.01257 50,000 G diamagnetic ampere small and positive Like poles repel, unlike poles attract soft magnetic materials The magnetic north pole ferromagnetism newton per coulomb 2,000 G nickel, cobalt and steel Core loss 6.24×1018 elementary charges Ampere’s Law high permeability but low coercivity Copper soft iron magnetic field magnetized electromagnetic radiation ideal inductance Curie temperature triboelectric effect magnetic induction flux density (a) Minimum (b) minimum North to South ferrimagnetism large and positive Lenz’s law Residual linearity In inverse proportion to the
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47. 48. 49. 50.
C. D. C. A.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.
C. C. B. C. B. A. D.
58. C. 59. B. 60. B. 61. B. 62. D. 63. A. 64. B. 65. B. 66. B. 67. 68. 69. 70.
C. C. B. B.
71. B. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78.
A. D. A. C. C. C. A.
79. B. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.
D. D. C. A. D. B. D. A. A. C. D. A.
C.
square of the distance 78.5% nickel and 21.5% iron Bismuth electric motor in a direction determined by the left hand rule 180º Matter (a) 90º (b) 270º magnetic flux Conductance 10,000 G The conductivity of a material for magnetic lines of force attract each other B A James Clerk Maxwell Willard Boyle and George Smith permanent magnets, memory devices, and magnetic recording 0 Chromium Copper B oH
93. C. 94. D. 95. B. 96. A. 97. A. 98. B. 99. B. 100.A.
Keeper magnetomotive force current weber K 1 o
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Ampere’s law Michael Faraday magnetism Buck Converter Coercive force large and positive small and positive 4 x 107 Hm1 antiferromagnetism A little greater than 1 slightly greater than 1 Flyback Transformer Fringing Fields compound magnetization paramagnetic 7999 1C Lorentz force law Coercivity retentivity
Ampere-turns per meter tiny molecular magnets Diamagnetic Néel temperature Gauss's law flux Curie temperature leakage flux
Section 1 Electricity & Magnetism 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
22. 23. 24. 25.
D. C.
Quiz 3
Coercivity high remanence and high coercivity B. soft magnetic materials D. air cooled A. amorphous B. Magnetic induction D. low permeability N D. I A. hysteresis B. coefficient of coupling for tightly coupled is zero A. magnetic line of force A. Remanence C. 8.854 × 10 -11 F/m A. magnetic field intensity B. diamagnetism B. small and negative D. Zero B. Coulomb’s first law A. Faraday’s law D. ferromagnetic B. current magnetic field and direction of force on a conductor B. induced C. field flux B. Motor action B. current induced into the armature B. Coulomb’s second law B. It is perpendicular to and equal along all parts of the conductor A. Energy
Powerful Review Center 1st batch performance 26. 27. 28.
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO
6-3
The Author Engr. Jason M. Ampoloquio Youngest Professional Electronics Engineer (PECE) President, Powerful Review Center Design Consultant MSECE Major in DSP-De La Salle University (units earned) BSECE-Central Colleges of the Philippines, 2000 HR Reyes Scholar Coach, IECEP Quizzers Champion: 1. ECE Quiz Show (1999) 2. 1st Brain Encounter (1998) 3. Physics Quiz Show (1996) 4. Mathematics Wizard (1996) 5. Inter Engineering Quiz Show (1995) Battle of the Brain School Representative (RPN-9) Quizzer-19th and 20th IECEP Quiz Show Author: 1. Electronics Engineering SUPERBook 2. EST SUPERBook EST Review Director Resource Speaker, Various Topics in Communications In-house reviewer, Various Colleges and Universities Sought after reviewer in Communications Engineering
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO
6-5
Powerful Review Center Lobby Area
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Powerful Review Center Books & Room
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
D. B. A. D. A. A.
35. C.
All of the above 4.9 N current flow Hysteresis loss copper, manganese and nickel (a) Concentric circles (b) Perpendicular core
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6-7
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 36. D.
Because separate lines of magnetic force link and combine their effects 37. B. Magnetic induction 38. D. direction of force on conductor 39. B. 1,600 A·t 40. B. mutual inductance and self inductance of the two coils 41. D. flux and current flow 42. D. A force set up when current flow through a conductor 43. A. it does not affect the constant direct current 44. C. Travels from north to south through the surrounding medium of a bar magnet 45. C. it always opposes the cause producing it 46. D. all of these 47. A. The flux density, which exist in the iron core when the magnetic field intensity is reduced to zero 48. D. ferromagnetic 49. C. core saturation 50. B. Weber theory 51. D. demagnetizing metallic part 52. B. Lenz's 53. D. All of the above 54. C. 63% of its final steady state value 55. C. Keeper d 56. A. N dt 57. B. 4,000 58. B. touching each other 59. B. residual magnetism 60. B. lodestone 61. B. reluctance 62. D. all of these 63. A. (a) 16 (b) 8 64. A. (a) Magnetic flux, north to south, (b) Current 65. D.
L1 L2
66. C. weber 67. B. hysteresis loss 68. A. is one of attraction for the same direction of current flow 69. B. 10 Gb/cm 70. B. reluctance 71. D. amount of current 72. A. paramagnetic materials 73. C. 3300 coulombs 74. C. Neutron
75. B. 76. B.
potential field Light energy is emitted
77. C.
M L1L2
78. C. 79. C. 80. C.
residual magnetism low permeability reluctance L R
81. C. 82. C. 83. C.
B1.6 left-hand rule
84. A.
J / m3 / s 500 G using grain-oriented silicon steel diamagnetic superconductivity electron decrease by a factor of four Retentivity Photons in specific shells or orbits Eulectic alloy Any of the above centrifugal carbon hysteresis The electron will jump to an orbit further from the nucleus Seebeck
85. D. 86. C. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99.
B. C. D. A. D.
C. C. D. D. D. B. B.
D.
100.C.
Section 1 Electricity & Magnetism 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
D. C. D. A. D. B. C. A. C. A. D. A. A. C. B. B. B. D. A.
Quiz 4
electricity Electromagnetic induction magnetic susceptibility Flux matter Curie temperature Ampere’s law magnetic pole Residual induction 5000 diamagnetic supermalloy Gaussmeter magnetism semi-conductor Lenz’s law Boost Converter 2×10–7 N/m oersteds
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20. D. 21. C.
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.
A and B The phenomenon where RF current flows in a thinner layer of the conductor close to the surface, as frequency increases B. Air gap C. near to one end of a magnet B. ferrites C. flux density C. increasing the resistance of magnetic medium A. Aluminum B. Coercivity A. paramagnetism A. dynamic electricity A. 0.5 Gauss A. volt ampere C. Photons D. neutron D. photons D. Lenz law C. At/Wb D. repelled D. transformer action B. coulombs D. hall effect A. iron D. carbon A. flux lines C. magnetic flux C. reluctance D. all of these D. element D. all of these D. tesla D. all of these C. mixture A. diamagnetic A. increases C. domain C. thrust B. 200 A·t D. All of the above C. directly proportional B. magnetic lines of force A. can aid or oppose each other D. 166 joules D. All of the above B. 100 watts C. the reciprocal of the resistance B. cannot enter D. paramagnetic D. element C. hysteresis C. compound D. element
72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77.
D.
78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
B.
84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89.
C.
B. A.
D. C. D.
D.
C.
D.
B. D. C. B.
A. A.
A.
90. A. 91. D. 92. D. 93. C. 94. A. 95. A. 96. B. 97. A. 98. A. 99. D. 100.C.
degaussing Electron atom Proton Hall Effect Transducer it has an intrinsic coercivity greater than or equal to about 300 oersteds Ionized permeability The number of free electrons Intensity of magnetization Negative an atom with unbalanced charges Friction between two insulators 2A field intensity Positive hydrogen Unlike charges attract each other, like charges repel each other one Each of the above moving either the magnet or the coil electrophoresis magnetomotive force Entering negative charge, leaving positive charge atoms High-fidelity speakers Reluctance Both A and B above magnetic field
Section 2 Resistor & Resistance Basic
Quiz 5
1.
A.
2.
D.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
C. D. A. A. D.
B.
1.59 x 10-8 5 R 6 temperature 3.6 ohms +/-10% G1 G2 G3 R1 conductance The resistance value changes with age
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49.
B. is the inverse of the total circuit conductance C. heating, magnetic, and electric shock D. force field C. is equally applied to all branch conductances B. The nature of the material of the conductor only D. 4700 ohms + 5% B. 2.24 x 10-8 C. Typical power rating of a carbon-composition resistor ranged from 0.125 W to 2 W C. Potentiometer A. first digit D. its length increases D. all of these B. bleeder resistor B. 1% B. 3.4 ohms +/-2% B. (a) Two (b) three A. The resistance of the conductor is the hindrance by which the conductor opposes the flow of current B. 20% B. temperature coefficient D. Tolerance C. Resistance of a conductor which has a length of 1 m and cross-section of 1 m2 at 25ºC * A. red, red, red D. 0.001 inch C. Yellow D. The effective resistance is increased C. increases D. The square of current C. A reciprocal relationship D. 1.68 x 10-8 D. By the wattage rating C. 22,000 ohms + 10% C. 3 V A. Directly to the conductive paths of a circuit board A. is always constant A. 1:4 B. Rheostat C. 4.2 Joules per calories B. The temperature should remain constant C. positive, negative D. Transistors C. 20%
50. C. 51. C. 52. C. 53. D. 54. D. 55. B.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.
D. C. D. B. C. A.
63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74.
C. D. A. D.
A.
A. A. C. C. A. C.
D. B.
75. D. 76. A. 77. C. 78. B. 79. A. coil supply 80. C. 81. D. 82. C. 83. D. 84. D. 85. A. 86. A. 87. B. 88. A. 89. A. 90. C. 91. B. 92. D. 93. C.
6-9
product of their R values divided by the sum of the two resistors the multipliers increase in resistance per ohm per degree centigrade Surface mount resistors Rheostat high in both directions until a voltage threshold level is reached, then resistance is low in both directions R4 decreases Carbon Potentiometer of interatomic collision linear Cross-sectional area is decreased, length is increased 4 19 kohms + 20% 0.1 W either A or B Zero 25% 3:1 6 3 multiturn variable Negative A voltage source and a conductor Carbon composition resistor 2 12 V 2.65 x 10-8 the resistance of the heater is more than that of the wires Red, black, gold wire-wound resistors 88 k Current increases Aluminum Varistor a column of mercury thermistor Copper 4800 ohms ±10% 10.6 x 10-8 the temperature should remain constant semiconductor effect produced
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94. C. 95. B. 96. C. 97. B. 98. C. 99. A. 100.D.
Wirewound resistor Second digit of the value voltage resistances Voltage dividers individual, combinations of Short
Section 3 Inductor & Inductance Basic 1. B. 2. B. 3. C. value 4. C. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. the 32. 33.
Quiz 6
the flow of current 0.0133 seconds 63% of its final steady state
High permeability and low reluctance A. an open circuit D. is unchanged at t = 0+ D. 4.2 H B. 12.5 H L C. R A. Increases inductance B. mutual inductance and self inductance of the two coils D. By core type B. current A. soft iron A. increases inductance D. direction of force on conductor C. 12 ohms d A. N dt C. 0.25 second B. touching each other D. all of these D. all of these A. Lenz's law D. Changes in current C. connected with many individual current paths B. coefficient of coupling for tightly coupled coil is zero C. Magnetic flux C. flux linkage D. the time constant D. all of these B. The magnetic flux ratio linking coils C. using grain-oriented silicon steel B. 0.1 microseconds
34. A. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.
D. D. D. B. A. C. D. D. C.
44. A. 45. C. 46. D. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.
D. A. D. C. D.
52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.
C. B. C. D. A. B.
58. 59. 60. 61.
B. C. B. A.
62. C. 63. D. 64. B. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
A. D. B. D. C. A.
71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
B. D. D. D. D.
76. A.
Because all inductors have resistance which dissipates power 13.5% Resonant frequency Conductor tensility 4 solenoid conductivity 314 ohms Lenz law it always opposes the cause producing it An ac circuit 4.48 H tends to oppose changes in current all of these magnetic flux density Hysteresis loss core saturation Whenever the flux of one inductor causes an emf to be induced in another inductor exponential law 1990 kHz, 2010 kHz Flux linkage 63.2% Faraday’s law current, magnetic field and direction of force on a conductor 5 33.333 mH 90 degrees be doubled 1 2 LI 2 All of the above tends to oppose the decay of coil current Counter electromotive force Zero 109 ohms flux and current flow Increases inductance it does not affect the constant direct current 300 mH maximum Opposes change in current All of the above five time constants must have elapsed 2.0 henries
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.
B. D. B. A. A. C.
Inertia 94 ohms Electromotive zero 0.0015 sec It opposes either a rise or a fall in current B. The left-hand rule for generators A. Toroid D. conductor A. doubles the reactance C. The collapsing magnetic field B. Leading the current by 90 degrees D. Large diameter coils have more wire and thus more flux C. 4 A. (a) Decrease (b) by 1/2 N D. I
93. D. 94. D. 95. D.
L1 L2 18.1 H 0.98 H
96. C. inductance characterizes the magnetic properties of a coil which are significant for the value of self-induce voltage generated due to current change in the coil 97. A. magnetic field intensity 98. A. They are dislodged from orbit 99. C. Mutual inductance 100.D. To support the windings
Section 4
Capacitor & Capacitance Basic 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
B. A. A. A. A. C. C. C. D. A.
Quiz 7
E0 7U0 7Q0 7C0 7C0 E0/7 U0/7 V0/7 polarity chip
6-11
11. D.
two plates separated by a dielectric 12. A. RC 13. C. when the capacitor is fully charged 14. D. capacitance 15. B. polarized 16. A. Dielectric hysteresis 17. C. electric field around the capacitor 18. C. dry 19. C. Elastance 20. B. working voltage 21. D. metal plates 22. C. electrolytic 23. D. opposes a change in voltage 24. B. coulomb per volt 25. C. 33 pF 26. C. dielectric 27. C. leakage resistance 28. A. zero 29. C. dc voltage 30. B. capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance between the plates 31. C. 4372 picofarad 32. D. all of these 33. D. all of these 34. A. 0.50 F 35. D. Leads the voltage by 90 degrees 36. B. to bring positive charge of one coulomb from infinity to that point 37. C. Dielectric-leakage 38. A. 0.2 sec 39. C. Newton’s law of gravitation 40. B. They will distort in the opposite direction 41. B. block dc and pass ac 42. D. 10.0 picofarad 43. D. Straight lines 44. B. conductor 45. D. Both A and C 46. C. distance between the plates, dielectric and thickness of the plates 47. C. Capacitor 48. B. air capacitor 49. C. 550 volts 50. C. 3 kV 51. B. Dielectric-hysteresis 52. C. zero 53. B. Plates 54. A. Reactance
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55. A.
leads the applied voltage by 90 degrees 56. D. picofarads 57. A. 3 farads 58. B. reduces 59. C. 8 60. C. positive 61. C. cuts the reactance in half 62. D. Decreases 63. D. A capacitor 64. C. Vacuum, air 65. A. Dielectric 66. B. increasing the area of plates 67. B. 2.76 pF 68. A. Tank circuit 69. A. 34 pF 70. D. looks like an open circuit 71. C. Block DC and pass AC current 72. B. the equation for capacitive reactance F 73. B. 8.854 x 1012 m 74. B. Pi-L network 75. A. crystal 76. A. Both cause the storage of energy 77. C. 7.12 MHz 78. D. electrostatic field 79. A. Approximately 1 80. C. Ewald Georg von Kleist 81. C. (a) Attracts them to the positive charges (b) Distorts their orbits 82. B. an insulator between two metal plates in a capacitor 83. B. By their dielectric materials 84. A. Oil 85. C. working voltage 86. D. Thickness of the plates 87. C. 10 F 88. B. Elastance 89. B. The plates are moved closer together 90. A. (a) Glycerine, (b) Pure water 91. D. high capacitance and low insulation resistance 92. D. Stores electrical energy 93. A. 200 volts 94. D. Vacuum 95. D. 9.55 ohms 96. C. 1 97. B. reduce the working voltage 98. C. mica 99. D. force 100.B. Willard Boyle and George Smith
Section 5
Transformer Fundamentals 1. A. one 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
D. C. B. B. C. C. A. B. D. A. D. A. C. A. A. B.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
C. A. C. A. B. D. D. C. A. B. B.
29. C. 30. D. 31. C. on 32. B. 33. A. 34. C. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
A. C. D. B. A. A. B.
42. A. 43. D. 44. D.
Quiz 8
The transfer of energy from circuit to another through electromagnetic action low iron-loss Air core transformer the same primary winding 100 watts turn ratio variable transformer One A magnetic shield extract moisture of the air Air, soft iron, and steel Per unit impedance hollow-core Same at all levels Exciting current High voltage winding of small rating transformer the self-induced emf 12 V Mutual induction primary emf leakage flux 500 watts leakage flux near full load increase output power 300 Using magnetic core of low reactance The secondary induced emf red and yellow The direction of turns of wire the primary and secondary windings mutual inductance, self-inductance the turn ratio is equal to 1 The size of the transformer will reduce The secondary induced emf the turn ratio is greater than 1 Both A and B magnetic circuit As low as possible volt-amps the number of secondary turns divided by the primary turns a step-down transformer all of these 90 to 98%
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6-13
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 45. B. 180o out of phase in a transformer 46. D. all of these 47. C. opposite to the turns ratio 48. A. 60 VAC 49. B. Primary current is small 50. B. the turn ratio is less than 1 51. B. 60 volt-amps 52. B. increase the output voltage 53. D. kVA 54. C. insulation and cooling 55. D. Air core transformer 56. B. k line voltage ratio 57. D. step-down type 58. C. Is less than the resistance of its high voltage side 59. D. Decreasing the thickness of laminations 60. D. divided, multiplied, the square of the turns ratio 61. C. Decrease the reluctance of the magnetic path 62. A. save power 63. A. 40.7 V 64. B. 23 V 65. C. power, power 66. C. Oil-cooling 67. C. voltage 68. C. P 69. A. 1 to 3% 70. A. autotransformer 71. A. Eddy currents heat up the metal parts 72. D. Isolation transformer 73. D. Without changing power, frequency or shape 74. C. The primary is connected to the source: the secondary is connected to the load 75. A. It has only one winding 76. D. A high-voltage transformer has more insulation between the layers of windings than does a low-voltage transformer Rs 77. A. k2 78. C. continuity 79. B. Power transformer 80. A. 100 V 81. C. Air core 82. C. A step-down transformer V2 83. C. V1 84. C.
Secondary winding
85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.
A. A. B. B. C. A. C. C.
93. B. 94. B. 95. B. 96. A. 97. C. 98. B. 99. A. 100.D.
autotransformer Not change inductor Decreases the weight per kVA 999.9 V about the same excitation The flux linkage between the two windings low voltage side Its value cannot be stepped up or down by transformer increased inductive reactance Source current Lenz’s law Eddy autotransformer Low reactance
Section 6 Cells & Batteries 1. 2.
B. A.
3.
B.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
C. C. D.
A.
D. A. D.
C. C. D. D.
A.
16. D. load 17. B. 18. B. 19. B. 20. A. 21. A. second
Quiz 9
96, 485 Coulombs/mole Avogadro's number times the electron charge the cell voltage times the number of moles of electrons transferred times the Faraday constant Faraday constant anode, cathode, electrolyte all of these Zinc container more stable in their output applying a reverse voltage all of these In a refrigerated space Both A and B above all of these total voltage increases It has a very stable output voltage Connecting the anode and cathode together without a the current increases; the voltage increases first in series, then in parallel 1500 hours 8 468 x 1018 electrons per
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22. D. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
A.
32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
D. C.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
D. B. B. C. C.
D. B. D.
B. B.
A. A. C. B.
Two electrodes of the same metal provide the highest voltage output Law’s of electrolysis All the above Alkaline cell Secondary local action Discharging the cells All of the above Lithium organic prevents or slows down local action All of the above Emergency equipment batteries Electrolyte Specific gravity Silver-cadmium
1
I, II, and III types of plates and electrolyte D. The secondary cell can be recharged by passing current through it in the proper direction B. amalgamating the electrode with mercury B. Check the technical manual for information on the specific type of battery C. Silver-zinc cell C. Enough so the float will rise without entering the suction bulb D. increase in current capacity D. chemical action to electrical energy B. 8.4 V B. chemical means B. 6 B. local action and polarization B. 1270 C. Fresh water C. 1.5 V B. Primary B. Magnesium cell A. Distilled water B. Silver-zinc nE D. i R nr C. Buckling D. increase the current capacity
61. D. Terminals should be electrically connected together before transporting a battery 62. C. Flush with fresh water 63. B. A carbon zinc cell has unlimited shelf life 64. C. increase voltage output 65. B. Cell 66. D. It converts the produced hydrogen into water 67. D. Current increases 68. B. Manganese dioxide 69. A. 6.85 hours 70. D. can be recharged 71. B. 200 hr E 72. A. R nr 73. D. 74. B. 75. 76. 77. 78.
C. A. D. D.
79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
C.
A. C. C. C.
84. C. 85. A. 86. C. 87. C. 88. D. 89. D. 90. A. 91. C. 92. B. 93. B. 94. B. 95. D. 96. A. 97. C. 98. B. 99. A. 100.D.
Primary cell lead, lead peroxide and dilute sulphuric acid The NiCd cell is primary type it is rechargeable Battery charge short time and can be recharged Dry cell 15 amperes charging an accumulator Increases voltage supply the terminal voltage and strength of the electrolyte Selenium cells 1.15 Self discharge Normal nickel cadmium batteries Type D Decrease the charging rate sulphuric acid to water Primary cells Steady gassing 1866 the area of the plates 8 6 amperes for 10 hours Negative and positive ions keep the electrolyte level low 4.2 V
Section 7
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO DC Electrical Concepts 1. 2. 3.
B.
4.
B.
5. 6. 7. 8.
A. D. D.
D. D.
C.
9.
D.
10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
A.
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
C. D. B.
C. B.
B. B.
Quiz 10
attraction, negative Mechanical larger than the largest resistor current it is not possible to disconnect the power Shorted fuse
Zero current through it Five a person to seize the line and not be able to let go (a) Decreases (b) increases the heart to go into fibrillation Trip free Armature plastic The armature resistance aluminum A burnishing tool
A small internal resistance
C. D.
ET = ER1 = ER2 ... = ERn. energized D. (a) Decreases (b) increases B. silicon C. PT C. Place your finger on the cover and feel the relay contact movement C. greater than the largest resistor D. zero temperature coefficient B. Locked-out D. An amount determined by the combined resistance of the remaining branches D. voltage, resistance and current
B. B.
C. D. B.
B. D. C.
C. C.
B. C.
Is constant The current of the source inductor capacitor fuse Rheostat (a) Increase (b) decrease voltage divider Microswitch stability
Zero voltage across it A light switch
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
B.
D. B.
B. D. B.
6-15
a short circuit Toggle from, into
Is constant
D.
Maximum An ignition switch on a motor vehicle The current will drop to 10% of its original value A multicontact switch unaffected
D.
Less than 10 ohm
C.
add ground between two of the dividing resistors troubleshooting less than grounded divide watts by 746 Yellow 3
47. B. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.
A.
53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
C. A. C. D.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
A.
Locked-in Coulomb's voltage Maximum The electron theory (a) Decrease (b) increase logical, systematic
B.
Infinite internal resistance
D. C.
71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89.
C.
resistive signal tracing A coil attracts a soft iron core when current flows in the coil desoldering Two A starter for a motor vehicle R2 has opened Power R2 has shorted current Three current probe Momentary R3 has opened It is leaving a junction
D.
C. B.
B. D. B. B.
D. D.
C.
C. D. D. B.
B.
D. D.
A. B.
A. D.
A. A.
A. A. D. A. B.
C.
Second approximation
Ideal approximation
BTU as few everywhere the same addition Voltage drop 50%
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90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96.
A.
B. C. C.
A.
D.
C.
97. C. 98. D. 99. D. 100.C.
amperage Equivalent resistor times older Equal A and C To isolate a faulty circuit without affecting other circuits Be sure to "tag out" the fuseholder when you remove the fuse
A large internal resistance Nontrip free A point bender
Section 7 DC Electrical Concepts 1.
C.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Quiz 11
The equivalent resistance is smaller than 4 k C. A reciprocal relationship C. less than the smallest resistance B. The resistance value changes with age C. equal to the sum of the individual resistances C. decrease, increase C. Wirewound resistor D. 7.07 V D. The power level is quadrupled A. All of the points on a voltage node are at the same potential B. 4 A. 58.1 Vp B. Size B. at the source with total current C. The maximum current that will flow through a fuse without opening the fuse B. The current doubles B. uses current flowing through its coil to actuate electric contacts D. adding B. Secure the circuit immediately by removing power at the nearest switch C. resistive D. branch C. ohm C. To adjust the power level of a device C. is the same for every resistor in the circuit, regardless of the selection of resistor values
25. C. 26. D. a
Direct short The maximum voltage across fuse that will not jump the open fuse 27. B. transmissive and reflective 28. C. +15 V, -9 V 29. B. A voltage source 30. D. parallel block 31. D. Aluminum 32. B. the rate energy is used over time 33. D. 41 Vp 34. B. conductors 35. A. Copper 36. D. undergoes an electrical change in response to a physical change 37. D. rotary 38. A. Cross-sectional area is decreased, length is increased 39. C. smaller than the smallest resistor 40. A. parallel with each other 41. A. Zero 42. B. P1820.5 43. A. 3 V 44. B. (a) Two (b) three 45. D. the largest resistor 46. B. (a) Increases (b) decreases 47. A. heat 48. D. no branches exist 49. B. RT 50. B. 7.46 kWh 51. D. Electric charge 52. D. A voltmeter check of the fuse 53. B. 0 V 54. D. all of the above 55. A. Electric potential 56. D. High resistance 57. B. low-voltage direct current 58. B. Use an ohmmeter and place a resistor in series with the fuse 59. A. increase, increase 60. D. 5.7 , 27.7 W 61. D. Electric current 62. C. A fusepuller 63. C. electric charge 64. B. Put the fuse back in the circuit 65. B. coulomb 66. A. William Gilbert 67. D. tingling sensation 68. C. 15 V
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.
D.
Negative Can't let go A. Negative C. defibrillation C. summed together to find ET C. divide the total of R1 times R2 by the total of R1 plus R2 B. IV, II, III, I A. can be different for each resistor A. (a) Equals (b) divides C. is the same for every resistor in the circuit, regardless of the selection of resistor values D. Input power voltage B. the largest amount of current B. Open B. 1286 mW C. 831 mW D. (a) Becomes infinite (b) Decreases to zero B. Ventricular fibrillation B. Excessive current B. 2400 mW A. Fuses and circuit breakers C. Stephen Gray D. mascular inhibition A. Abnormal heating C. it is the sum of the branch current D. In series B. 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 ... + 1/Rn A.
93. 94. 95. C. Zero internal resistance 96. D. Electrons moving from negative to positive 97. A. less than any resistor 98. C. The current is cut in half 99. C. There is an error and you should recheck your measurements 100.D. Current increases
Section 8 Electrical Laws & Theorems
Quiz 12
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
A. around any closed path equals zero D. entering and leaving any point equals zero D. Peltier effect A. node B. Davisson-Germer experiment
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
D. B. C. B. A. A. C. A. C. B. D. C.
18. 19. 20. 21.
A. B. C. A.
22. B. 23. C. 24. B. 25. B. 26. C. 27. C. 28. D. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
B. D. A. B. C.
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
C. D. B. D. B. D. D.
is 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
C. D. D. C. C.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
D. B. D. C. B.
6-17
Faraday's law Thevenizing the circuit Norton’s Thévenin’s Stefan-Boltzmann law the superposition Millman’s theorem Faraday's law AC as well as DC circuits Their internal impedance All of the above a 1.33-mA source and a 3-k resistance in parallel Stokes' law Fermat's principle AC as well as DC circuits short RL, determine IL, make IL = IN Internal conductance changes by the reciprocal ratio a 15.3-V source in series with a 5.1-k resistance changes by the same ratio Loop multiple current and/or voltage sources current source and a shunt resistor Has zero internal resistance A and C are correct Ideal current source Bilateral network Current source is a passive element Nortonizing the circuit All of the above Joule's law Both A and B Laplace an open circuit Ideal voltage source is one whose internal conductance zero Neumans law Norton's theorem Law of electrostatic attraction Ampere's law BCS (Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer) theory Biot-Savart law Millman’s theorem Child's law Heater coil emf E1 and internal impedance Z1
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51. C. 52. B.
53. 54. 55.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
a short circuit All independent voltage sources are short circuited and all independent current sources are open circuited A. Faraday's first law of electromagnetic induction B. Thevenin equivalent resistance is calculated when all voltage sources are open circuited D. sum of the total currents flowing out of a junction equals the sum of the total currents flowing into that junction D. current C. efficiency is 100% A. Norton’s equivalent is the voltage equivalent of the network A. efficiency is greater than 50% C. To find dc level in a network that has both sources D. Infinity B. Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction B. A constant current source and impedance in parallel A. 10 sec, 0.985 V A. Eth = InZth = InZn C. 69.3 ms C. short all voltage and current source C. Both A and B C. open RL, determine VL, make VL = VTH A. Norton’s theorem A. voltage source and a series resistor C. Sources C. Faraday's third law of electromagnetic induction D. Must be equal to load impedance B. Reduced by 1/3
76. B. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.
A. D. D. C. B. C. A. A. D.
V2 4R Linear responses only Ohm’s law Jacob's law Ampere's law -9 V Kirchhoff's current law Gauss’s law Generators are not present Ampere’s law
86. B. Brewster's law 87. C. Coulomb's first law 88. B. Faraday’s law 89. C. Coulomb's second law 90. C. Michael Faraday 91. B. Thevenin's theorem 92. B. Grosh's law 93. A. Passive network only 94. A. Kirchhoff's voltage law 95. A. individual, combinations of 96. B. Rayleigh's law 97. D. A or B 98. A. Its zero internal impedance 99. A. Faraday's first law of electrolysis 100.B. Faraday's second law of electrolysis
Section 10 AC Electrical Concepts
Quiz 13
1. 2.
D. A.
3. 4. 5.
D. B. B.
6. 7. 8.
D. C. D.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
D. A. B. A. D. B. D. A. A. C. B. C.
21. A. 22. B.
e2 lags e1 by The voltage or current associated with the resistive component instantaneous value 1500 VAR The voltage or current associated with the reactive component 1 kVAR It is equivalent to a pure resistance 1 74.317.77° AC is reversing direction period 1400 times frequency 12 V Reduction in power losses frequency 400 watts high power factor one half the resistance of one wire Effective value resistance
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6-19
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 23. B. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73.
preventing short circuit between two conducting wires C. 0.6 D. be decreased B. rectangular form D. Volt-coulomb B. polarity, direction D. pulsating direct current C. speed, direction B. cosine B. 1.414 A. 90 degrees out of D. period B. rms value/average value B. infinity A. Series D. equal impedance B. Square wave D. equal to generator’s internal resistance B. Zero B. j2 C. never C. Zero B. 2.5 ohms D. Resistance to impedance D. 2.5 ohms A. rms B. Circuit-control devices B. Sine B. 19.98 V A. -1 C. bias B. Unity C. along the surface D. 90sin((t-71.5) D. Resonant B. purely resistive C. current varies directly as the voltage and inversely as the resistance C. Draw more current C. 34.98 V D. Wavelength B. current lags voltage D. coupling B. difference between the two reactances A. frequency A. Open circuit B. Active current to line current C. 66.6 ohms D. Watts to volt ampere C. 200 V D. Increase two-fold C. 100 V, 100 Hz
74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.
D. C. B. C. B. B. B.
550 ohms Always leading resistance Breakdown voltage increases, decreases real power is the square root of a negative number 81. D. 5.455 A 82. D. complex number 83. A. Fuse 84. B. counterclockwise 90° 85. A. 3.50 hp 86. B. Impedance to resistance 87. A. 360 degrees 88. B. positive temperature coefficient 89. A. Effective value 90. B. piezoelectric, piezoelectric 91. C. in 92. A. The switch contacts return to their normal rest position 93. D. reactive 94. C. true 95. D. 1.25 watts 96. C. Voltage divider 97. D. 42.4sin(50t) 98. D. 2238 watts 99. D. infinite 100.B. A connection point between two or more conductors
Section 10 AC Electrical Concepts 1. C. 2. B. 3. B. 4. D. value 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
C. D. A. A. B.
Quiz 14
180 2.51 ms Resistance the voltage is the same in and phase throughout the circuit One circular mil 2 watts y = bx zero One wire is at ground voltage; the voltage on the other wire goes alternately positive and negative (compared to
ground) 10. D. y = b-x 11. D. Reactive power
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12. A. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. the 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.
There are three AC voltages, phased 120 degrees apart on three or four wires A. It would double A. Vdc = 5.3 V, Vrms = 8.39 V B. 14.5 mA B. To decrease the reactive power A. 39067 ohms B. 25,300 ohms D. 8,301 ohms B. f = np B. 72.0 volts C. Load D. is in phase with B. AC can be readily stepped up or down C. larger than R D. V C. 0 V A. the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees B. Application to AC circuit having its impedance used in place of resistance C. Touching a high voltage with one hand, and "ground" with the other A. dc to ac C. turn on and off 120 times per second D. 0.25 ohms A. peak value D. spectrum analyzer D. All nodes in the circuit D. A or B A. 0 volts A. ripple A. average B. Effective current A. Joule D. A resistor placed in series with load C. 240 cycles C. amplitude and direction D. Potential energy D. current flow A. reactive power B. 1.92 Ω A. Never mix values C. ratio C. Toggle switch C. R, XL A. Two C. is in phase with A. A voltage that opposes the applied EMF
57. D. 58. B. 59. D. 60. C. 61. D. greater 62. C. 63. B. 64. D. 65. D. 66. A. 67. A. 68. D. 69. C. 70. C. 71. A. 72. 73. 74. the 75. 76.
D. C. D. A. C.
77. D. 78. A. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
B. D. D. D. A. B.
85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99.
A. A. C. C. B. C. B. C. C. A. C. A. D. B. C.
in field 100.D.
A magnetic field 40 ohms is in phase with Amplitude versus time The rms voltage is always than the average voltage leads Two is in phase with Peak value smaller Excessive heat condition increases, decreases Instantaneous value switch the resistor is open or the capacitor is shorted Sine waves in phase purely resistive the magnetic field, the coil, slip rings the effective value triangular waves use out-of-phase harmonics Volt ampere multiples of the fundamental frequency effective value 1.11 the resistance value all of these Decreased the impedance is more inductive 1.274 A effective value 54.9 ohms 660 watts linear 6.95 A Linear circuit 141.4 ohms current flow peak to peak value 0 out of phase 6.5 A lags voltage by 90 Effective voltage Resistors dissipate energy as heat, capacitors store energy an electric field, and inductors store energy in a magnetic 187 ohms
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6-21
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO
Section 11 RLC Circuits & Resonance
Quiz 15
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
A. D. B. A. C. B.
0.136 all of these equal Current high, impedance low inductor, resistor the voltage lags the current by 90 degrees 7. C. When the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal 8. A. 478 kHz 9. C. XC varies inversely with frequency 10. C. at the resonant frequency 1 1 R2 2 LC 2L B. 63% C. 100 -37 V D. 47.3 kHz C. wide bandwidth B. resistance, impedance B. resonance B. 1 D. 10.1 MHz A. 200 V A. halved C. the voltage across L and C >applied voltage D. 0.027 F B. maximum, minimum B. 50 kHz B. The matching network can cancel the reactive part of an impedance and change the value of the resistive part of an impedance C. total circuit voltage C. current, total voltage D. 1868 ohms C. 0, 1 B. 10.3 MHz 1
11. B. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
32. B. 33. B. 34. B.
2
2 LC apparent seconds
RC 2
2
35. 36. 37. 38.
A. D. D. C.
14.5 MHz inductive All of the above Wattles, non-productive power ff2 1 39. C. ff1 0 40. D. maximum 41. A. minimum 42. C. resistive 43. D. decrease in bandwidth in series circuit and decrease in parallel circuit 44. C. 3.56 MHz 45. D. series circuit is capacitive and parallel circuit is inductive 46. B. decreases 47. B. VR, VL 48. B. Determined solely by the dc resistance 49. C. maximum in series circuit and minimum in parallel circuit 50. D. The current circulating in the parallel elements is at a minimum 51. A. minimum 52. B. arctan XL/R 53. D. changes in stored energy in inductance and capacitance 54. D. Resonance 55. C. maximum 56. C. negative, positive 57. D. high resonant frequency 58. B. The frequency at which capacitive reactance equals inductive reactances 59. B. leads , between 0 and 90 60. C. 1536 ohms 61. D. inductive 62. A. lags 63. C. Tank circuit 64. D. maximum, unity 65. D. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73.
C. C. A. B. D. B. B. C.
74. C.
R2 XL X C
2
capacitive Higher voltage, resistor voltage 18.9 kHz resistance, impedance 57,019 ohms inductive voltage, total voltage 23.7 MHz 1 2
1 R2 2 LC L
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75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.
C. B. C. C. C. D. be B. C. A. A.
16.5 kHz Decreased capacitance impedance, resistance 14.5 MHz XL-XC The resonant frequency cannot easily changed 81. leads , between 0 and 90 82. greater accuracy and stability 83. down, impedance 84. 144 seconds X R 85. D. cos1 or sin1 L or Z Z 1 XL tan R 86. C. capacitive 87. B. 18.4 MHz 88. A. 29.1 MHz 89. D. all of these 90. B. decreases 91. A. lags, 90 92. A. inductor voltage leads current 93. B. lags 94. C. it is at a maximum 95. C. 5 V 96. A. always, resonant, XL=XC 97. D. power factor 98. B. 90 degrees out of 1 99. A. 2 LC 100.C. leads voltage by 90
Section 12 AC & DC Generators
Quiz 16
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C. B. C. D. C.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
C. B. B. B. B. B.
Flux and speed pulsating dc Prime mover Both A and B Interpoles and compensating windings design of the armature winding Laminating the iron in the core R c speed Dynamotor E=V+I aR a interpoles
12. D. 13. D. 14. C. current 15. D. to 16. D. 17. C. 18. D. 19. B. 20. A. field 21. C.
I, II, and III 0.100 it reverses the direction of flow By varying the voltage applied the electromagnetic field coils Both A and B dynamo Hippolyte Pixii Separately excited generator relative motion between the and the armature coils When there is improper commutation 22. C. series, series 23. C. the direction of the end connection 24. B. the rated-load voltage is greater than the no-load voltage 25. A. resultant pitch 26. B. The commutator 27. A. to increase the speed of rotation 28. A. 1% regulation 29. B. electric charge 30. C. Hysteresis loss 31. A. voltage over a narrow load range 32. D. Serve as power amplifier 33. C. self excited 34. C. the rated-load voltage is less than the no-load voltage 35. D. A or C 36. A. Armature reaction 2 x#of conductors 37. C. N= # of poles 38. D. Multiple coil armature 39. B. long shunt 40. B. Compound-wound 41. D. copper loss 42. D. Elementary generator 43. B. 100% ZN P 44. B. E= 60 A 45. D. Flux lines are not being cut 46. C. rate of change of flux is maximum 47. D. Series-wound 48. B. winding pitch 49. B. Multi pole generator 50. C. self excited generator 51. D. High-current 52. B. parallel with the field 53. B. Field excitation 54. C. low voltage, high current
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6-23
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 55. C. Alternating current 56. D. remains the same 57. A. The output voltage varies as the load current varies 58. B. commutator 59. D. Rotating field and rotating armature 60. A. Self excited generator 61. D. 85-95% 62. D. Direction of current flow 63. B. demagnetizing effect of armature reaction 64. C. Lap-wound 65. B. shunt generator 66. A. Shunt-wound 67. B. shunt generator 68. D. Armature reaction 69. D. Both B and C 70. C. The armature 71. D. Alternator 72. A. Voltage regulation 73. B. 0% 74. B. using commutator with large number of segments 75. B. Flux and speed 76. B. magnetic neutral axis (MNA) 77. B. Parallel 78. C. saturation of iron 79. B. heat-treated silicon steel laminations 80. C. compound generators 81. A. Lap-wound and Wave- wound 82. C. alternator 83. A. the rated load voltage is the same as the no-load voltage 84. C. neutralize cross-field of armature reaction and obtain ideal commutation 85. C. provide dc field excitation 86. D. Left-hand rule 87. C. 90 88. D. Amplidyne 89. A. reduce eddy current loss 90. D. Slip rings 91. A. crowded, weaken 92. B. Motor reaction 93. C. shunt generator 94. C. Parallel operation 95. C. Magnetic induction 96. B. ATo=ZI x m 2 97. C. Slip rings 98. B. current which is getting reversed 99. B. Prime mover 100.C. brush loss
Section 13 AC & DC Motors 1.
B.
Quiz 17
A wire with a current exerts a force when in the presence of a magnetic field 2. A. Constant speed 3. D. Armature reaction 4. C. Direction of flux north to south 5. B. 6 6. C. 90o 7. A. Drum wound armature 8. D. An internal self-generated voltage, proportional to speed, that subtracts from the applied voltage 9. C. Universal 10. A. Voltage regulation 11. C. High no-load speed, high stall torque 12. A. To limit armature current 13. A. Motor 14. C. series motor 15. C. 600 rpm 16. D. Can use slip rings in place of brushes 17. C. 2 18. A. The polarity of armature current and direction of magnetic flux 19. B. f ' Sf 20. A. Motor is driven with voltage dc voltage. As the voltage is increased, the torque increases T V2 The armature and the field Increased field voltage Single-phase induction Increases the torque and decreases the current due to increase impedance 26. B. The motor is driven with repetitive pulses. As the pulse width increases, the torque increases (the frequency stays the same) 27. D. Synchronous 120f ' 28. B. Ns N P 21. B. 22. 23. 24. 25.
A. C. B. B.
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29. A. the angle between the rotating stator flux and rotor poles 30. B. Generator action 31. A. Reverse the polarity of the motor wires 32. A. the force required to accelerate the rotor to the synchronous speed in an instant is absent 33. A. Motor set 34. B. The mechanical device the motor moves 35. C. It allows a dc motor to be powered by an ac power source 36. B. A shunt motor maintains a more constant speed under varying load conditions than a series motor 37. C. Rotor runs at a speed which is always lesser than the speed of the stator field 38. A. remove the stator winding and turn it around 39. C. 75 Ns N x 100% 40. A. % slip Ns 41. A. Temporarily connecting the motor wires to a resistor for braking 42. B. increases to 2x the original value 43. B. Induction motor 44. B. Nikola Tesla 45. B. both supply voltage and frequency simultaneously 46. A. Decreases with increase in load 47. B. Has no brushes; power is electronically switched to the field coils 48. A. The "normal" force pressing the materials together 49. C. The synchronous speed 50. C. The number of poles and the speed of rotation 51. B. 5 52. A. The armature speeds out of control 53. B. two 54. C. 1800 55. D. hot-wire relay 56. B. The object will accelerate at a constant rate 120f 57. B. Ns P
58. C.
How much "twisting force" is being applied 59. C. The total amount of energy remains the same 60. A. Steady load, high torque 61. B. Rotating magnetic field 62. D. The system is underdamped 63. D. All of the above 64. A. It is vibrated at a frequency at its resonate frequency 65. C. The rotor by shifting its phase backward causes motor to take more current 66. B. Shaft 67. A. It causes the speed to decrease 68. B. Very small starting torque 69. A. 300 rpm 70. B. Slower than the synchronous speed 71. D. To disconnect the power coming from one rotating shaft to another shaft 72. A. In the direction of rotation 73. C. The AC goes to the rotor and sets up a "rotating field". The stator gets power for its magnetic field through induction 74. B. Slip rings 75. C. armature current 76. A. To provide some phase shift for the start winding, so the motor can start 77. D. 8 poles 78. C. It decreases 79. C. It is self-starting 80. A. Slip ring 81. B. By reversing either the armature connections or the field connections 82. B. Runs without any "slip" 83. C. It can run on AC or DC 84. B. Synchronous motor 85. D. The START button seals on a relay that closes the motor contacts, the STOP button breaks the seal and de-activates the relay 86. A. Universal motors 87. B. To vary the frequency and voltage in a coordinated manner 88. A. The motor stops 89. B. An actuator that creates a force by the principle of
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO advancing a "nut" on a rotating threaded shaft 90. D. Rotor speed is either less or more than synchronous speed 91. A. 59.5% 92. A. The electric is slower and weaker than the hydraulic actuator 93. B. An electro-magnetic powered short-stroke linear actuator 94. A. Series motor 95. D. applied voltage 96. D. Sequentially energized electro-magnets 97. A. the motor will stop 98. D. Prime mover 99. D. Rotating-field 100.D. Zero
Section 1 Semiconductor Physics 1. 2. 3.
Quiz 18
D. Gallium D. Zero C. The characteristic curve graph of the diode 4. D. An insulator 5. D. negative to positive 6. D. Increasing battery voltage 7. D. Electron 8. A. the doping level 9. B. Electrons 10. B. 1N563 11. C. Thermal energy
12. B. 13. D. 14. B.
The diffusion of electrons and holes moving across the junction into the two materials Silicon and germanium +1
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
6-25
A. C. A. D. A. A. A. B. D. C. A.
depletion region unipolar Troubleshooting reverse junction breakdown linearly Forward negative ion conduction electrons Majority Extrinsic minority carriers that are thermally produced 26. D. answer A, B and C 27. D. The electrons will tend to move towards the positive terminal and the holes towards the negative terminal 28. C. Atoms 29. B. the boundary of a p-type and an n-type material 30. D. Crystal 31. A. thermal runaway 32. B. Crystal 33. C. Insulator 34. C. an electron falls into a hole 35. A. When reverse bias exceeds the limiting value 36. D. answer A, B and C 37. A. It is shorted 38. D. 50 V 39. B. Forbidden band 40. D. answer B or C 41. D. Electrons 42. A. Covalent bond 43. A. The separation between the conduction and valence bands 44. B. Pentavalent 45. A. majority carriers 46. C. (a) Semiconductor (b) Valence band 47. C. reverse-biased, breakdown voltage 48. D. answers A, B and C 49. A. protons and electrons 50. A. A few free electrons and holes 51. D. Electron 52. B. Increases 53. C. free electron current and hole current 54. B. Right 55. B. valence electrons, hole, hole 56. A. 1 57. A. majority, p-type, holes
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58. 59. 60. 61.
A. biasing C. 8 A. Neutral C. in the most distant orbit from the nucleus 62. A. atoms, symmetrical pattern, crystal 63. B. Recombination 64. C. a valence electron breaks away from the atom 65. B. 0.7 V 66. A. acceptor atoms 67. D. All of the above 68. B. valence band, atom 69. B. 0.82 eV 70. B. increase in level 71. D. 0.265 eV 72. A. band gap 73. B. Barrier potential 74. D. holes 75. A. Alloy Junction 76. B. eight valence electrons because all are with other atoms 77. B. Peak forward current 78. C. It is the point at which rectification takes place 79. A. 0 80. B. increase 81. C. N-type only 82. D. answer B and C 83. A. 0 84. A. a dc voltage is applied to control the operation of a device 85. B. 0.23 ohm 86. C. Opto electronics 87. A. Load resistance is low 88. B. a unique type of atom 89. C. minority 90. A. Hole 91. D. answer A and C 92. D. minority 93. A. avalanche 94. D. Electrons are drawn to the grid and do not reach the plate 95. D. must be greater than 0.7 V 96. B. neutral 97. D. none of these 98. D. 0.265 eV 99. D. P type 100.D. A dynamic electrical check with a diode test set
Section 1
Semiconductor Physics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
Quiz 19
B.
doping
D.
No holes or free electrons
C. D.
shells, electrons a p-type semiconductor
A.
Positive ions
C. C. A. D.
Collision 3 silicon p-type, 3
C.
Reverse current
C. C. D. A. B.
conducts current Ionization extrinsic the diode barrier potential majority
D.
Breakdown voltage
C.
Surface-leakage current
A.
increase the number of free electrons
B.
donor atoms
20. C. 0.7 V 21. C. covalent bond 22. B. electron and proton 23. C. may not be equal to the number of protons 24. D. Zero 25. B. electron-hole pair 26. D. all of these 27. B. 0.82 eV 28. A. positive, negatively, uncharged 29. D. Positive charges 30. C. valence band, valence electrons 31. D. P-type material 32. A. I and IV only 33. C. donor atoms 34. D. 4.3 V 35. A. conduction 36. B. intrinsic 37. A. 0.555 eV 38. C. 0.7 V 39. B. Depletion region 40. A. Very small 41. B. an equal number of mobile and ionic charges 42. B. Becomes larger 43. B. Ionization 44. D. the depletion region 45. C. 0.335 eV 46. C. Semiconductor 47. D. The depletion layer
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6-27
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 48. A. barrier potential 49. B. electrons, nucleus 50. C. a negative voltage source connected to N-material 51. C. protons and neutrons 52. A. 1,800 times 53. C. pentavalent materials 54. D. 5 55. B. Because they pass AC and block DC 56. A. Electron 57. D. protons, atomic number 58. C. Reverse current 59. B. The breaking of covalent bonds 60. D. answer B and C 61. A. doping 62. C. changing AC to DC 63. B. minority, n-type, holes 64. C. Intrinsic 65. C. energy 66. A. V-I characteristic curve 67. C. Recombination 68. A. proton and neutrons 69. A. 1 watt of less 70. A. 32 71. B. n-type, 5 72. C. ionization 73. A. Acceptor atoms 74. B. holes 75. B. Electron 76. D. neutrons, electrons, and protons 77. D. proton 78. D. free 79. B. conduction band 80. C. n-type 81. C. Light emitting diode 82. B. thermal energy 83. D. all of these 84. A. Solid state device 85. C. More than 1 billion 86. D. (a) 300:1 (b) 10:1 87. C. the current is produced by both holes and electrons 88. D. majority, n-type, free electrons 89. B. Right 90. C. Valence band 91. D. gold 92. B. there is very small current due to minority carriers 93. A. Equals the number of holes 94. B. Photoconduction 95. C. both electrons and holes 96. C. Only those produced by
thermal
energy
97. C. 98. C. 99. D. 100.A.
minority, p-type, free electrons Rectifier Trivalent 2.63 W
Section 2 Diode Circuits Applications
Quiz 20
1. D. is intended to operate in reverse bias 2. A. Decrease 3. B. Within 1% 4. D. Answer A and B 5. C. there is an open diode 6. C. The rectifier will conduct during both halves of the input cycle 7. D. It is approximately constant 8. D. All of the above 9. B. more positive than the anode 10. A. Half wave rectified signal 11. B. It is a constant-voltage
device 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
A. B. B.
Towards the cathode I, III and V The junction temperature
B.
Schottky diode
C. B. B. B.
180 One zener breakdown IR LED
B.
Has a constant voltage in the breakdown region
21. 22. 23. 24.
B. B. B. B.
Rectification 3V Percent of regulation That the diodes will conduct during both halves of the cycle 10 Ω 60 cps I, II and III 0.094 variable capacitor
input 25. C. 26. A. 27. A. 28. A. 29. D. 30. A. 31. D. 32. B. 33. A. 34. A. 35. B. 36. C. 37. D. 38. D.
Small
Voltage regulator It will increase 20 Ω 420 0%
Increases the outermost shell 0%
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39. C. Zener resistance 40. B. a variable capacitance that depends on reverse voltage 41. D. FWR 42. C. Avalanche breakdown 43. D. 100 V 44. B. when the P material is connected to the positive side of the power supply and the N material is connected to the negative side of the power supply 45. C. Voltage regulator 46. D. All of the above 47. A. 2.4 volts to 200 volts 48. D. Bridge and Center-tapped 49. C. Diode characteristic 50. B. Optocoupler 51. D. Tunnel diode 52. B. ½, one 53. A. emits light when forward-biased 54. C. Operating in the breakdown 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.
65. 66. 67. 68. 69.
region C.
Current regulation
A.
Series current
D. Forward bias A. produces light with longer wavelength D. a shorted diode A. Junction and point contact D. Breakdown voltage D. 91% C. To protect the relay from high voltage transients when magnetic field collapses C. An action where the minority carriers tunnel across the junction to form the current that occurs at breakdown
A.
Decreases
B. A. D. C.
A shunt regulator ½, peak output voltage Forward bias using a center-tapped transformer, a full-wave bridge rectifier, and a center tapped load resistor clamper Zener acts like a short circuit The voltage across the diode remains almost constant after breakdown decrease with light intensity forward-biased
70. C. 71. A. 72. B. 73. B. when
74. 75. 76. 77. the 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. and 89. 90. 91.
B.
Stays the same
B. A. B. A.
0.82 % tunnel diode The energy difference across forbidden gap (a) Narrow (b) wide
C.
Load current
A.
0.7 V
D.
Charge storage
A.
Decreases
C. rating
Maximum zener current
92. 93. 94. 95. 96.
B. B. D.
I, II and IV maximum power dissipation As a tuning device
D.
All segments must be on
C. D. B. D. C. C. D. A.
C.
97. D. 98. A. 99. B. 100.B.
the axial lead decrease 1,000:10,000,000 reverse bias breakdown mode I, III, IV, and V It decreases in series with both the input the load almost maximum value
it provides a high degree of electrical isolation all of these line regulation PIV load regulation
Section 2 Diode Circuits Applications
Quiz 21
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. in 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
C.
180 degrees
D. C. A. A. A. D. C. B.
63.7 V 180 A zener diode connecting an opposite temperature coefficient diode series with forward biasing 60 Hz tunnel diode twice the peak output voltage PIN diode
D.
35.4 V
D. C.
all of these as an RF detector
B.
Full-wave signal
A. B.
when it is forward biased a series resistor
C.
14.1 V
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 17. C. Its internal capacitance varies with the applied voltage 18. B. 9.3 V 19. C. Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output current and maximum output voltage 20. D. all of these 21. D. 1.7 volts and 20 mA 22. A. capacitor, reverse biased, variable resistor, forward biased 23. B. Collision 24. D. 47.8 V 25. C. A constant voltage under conditions of varying current 26. D. all of these 27. A. Maximum reverse current and PIV 28. C. 28.3 V 29. B. Ideal 30. D. all of these 31. C. 1.5 V 32. D. all of these 33. A. 33% 34. C. line or input and load regulation 35. B. twice 36. C. Rectification 37. C. photovoltaic 38. C. II, III, and IV 39. B. 120 H 40. A. photoconductive 41. D. 360 degrees 42. C. 62.5 V 43. A. p-type, intrinsic, n-type 44. C. 19.8 V 45. C. 200 V 46. C. negative 47. C. is simple and inexpensive to build 48. A. Diode resistance is either very low or very high on either direction 49. D. all of these 50. D. Forward bias 51. B. 60 Hz 52. D. Point contact 53. A. Decreases 54. A. 28.3 V 55. D. bleeder 56. B. Reverse-biased 57. B. hot-carrier diodes 58. D. Ripple factor 59. C. 120 Hz
60. C. 61. A. long 62. C. 63. A. 64. B. 65. D. 66. A. 67. D. 68. B. 69. A. 70. D. 71. C. 72. D. 73. B. 74. A. 75. A. 76. C. 77. B. 78. D. 79. A. 80. A. 81. D. 82. 83. 84. 85.
6-29
the peak value of the rectified voltage Low power consumption and life reverse-breakdown voltage 0.005 Rectifier A or C
Half-wave rectifier diode
Increases
One all of these
Varactor diode I, III, and IV 5.0 V
Decreases
Most positive
Bridge rectifier increases As a VHF and UHF mixers and detectors
Half-wave rectifier
B.
Voltage regulator changes in output voltage and input voltage Light waves
D.
41.7 mV
A. B.
86. C. 87. C. 88. B. 89. A. 90. C. 91. C. 92. C. 93. C. 94. C. 95. C. 96. A. 97. C. 98. C. 99. D. 100.B.
a small value series resistor changes in load current and output voltage thermistor
4A
2 0.7 V Bridge rectifier
28.3 V Voltage controlled capacitor 32.4 V Peak inverse voltage shorted Circuit will stop rectifying
Increase
Controls gain a half-wave rectified voltage An ohmmeter test across a diode shows low resistance in one polarity and high resistance in the opposite polarity
Section 3
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Transistor Circuits Fundamentals
Quiz 22 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
C. 2.1 mV/C B. I, III, and IV C. 3 D. the coupling capacitors B. Beta D. amplifier applications C. Frequency multipliers A. Class A amplifiers A. Q-point on a transistor collector curves A. Input voltage C. RF voltage amplifier A. Beta increases C. Below saturation and above cutoff C. An rf voltage amplifier A. unity-gain frequency A. The amount of time (in relation to the input signal) that current flows in the output circuit C. To establish a proper stable dc operating point C. No current flows from emitter to collector B. 0.4 A D. It decreases A. very low B. Common collector B. the transistor may be driven into saturation B. Smaller than the output current A. 0.96 D. thin, lightly doped B. To transfer energy from one stage to another D. All of the above B. RC D. 8.75 MΩ B. An area of low charge density around the P-n junction D. Match the compensating diodes C. very low D. Resistor B. Class B C. Class A B. It increases B. Different from the dc load line C. Base current bias or fixed bias D. 5 V B. To provide maximum impedance at a given frequency A. 10
43. C. The output impedance of circuit number one should be equal to the input impedance of circuit number two 44. B. Emitter to collector 45. A. Lower than 46. D. PNP transistor 47. D. Push-pull 48. A. 2N 49. A. 5 mV 50. D. slightly less than a class B 51. D. Polarity of source voltage 52. A. C 53. A. common-emitter 54. B. Class B 55. C. Function and frequency response 56. C. C 57. B. Voltage divider bias 58. A. digital switching applications 59. C. An overcoupled transformer 60. A. acting like a forward biased diode 61. C. The ratio of output quantity to input quantity of an amplifier 62. C. The difference between the highest and lowest frequency shown on a frequencyresponse curve 63. A. alpha 64. D. 8.33 Ω 65. B. Increase 66. D. Hole current in the emitter 67. A. Narrowband 68. B. collector 69. D. the signal has a 180° phase shift from input to output 70. C. That frequency at which the grounded emitter current gain has decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor 71. C. cut-off 72. C. Small signal 73. A. Class A 74. D. method of coupling 75. D. At the center of the ac load line 76. A. Optimum 77. D. All of the above 78. C. Class AB 79. D. Common base 80. B. 0 Hz 81. B. looking them up in a transistor parts manual
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 82. B. Gain 83. B. tuned amplifiers to produce a sinusoidal output 84. A. 50 85. A. I, III and IV 86. A. Charge storage 87. A. Decrease 88. A. the voltage gain will decrease 89. C. Tuned RF amplifiers 90. D. Hum in the circuit 91. C. the internal transistor capacitances 92. A. gain 93. A. Output is represent for less than 180 degrees of the input signal cycle 94. A. acting like a forward biased diode 95. A. The collector current at its maximum value 96. C. Bipolar 97. A. a switch 98. A. Amplify weak signals 99. C. coupling capacitor 100.C. decreases
Section 3 Transistor Circuits Fundamentals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
C. C. A. A. B. B. D. A. A. B. C. D. C.
14. 15. 16. 17.
C. A. D. C.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
B. C. B. A. B.
Quiz 23
I, II, and V 0.7 V the midrange gain 30 mA 125 C series peaking design 100 kHz to 30,000 MHz dcRE Base bias Reverse bias 6800 Hz High when clipping occurs When the base is set to about 0.7 V, causing the base current to start flowing PNP transistor 0 Collector feedback bias remains constant with frequency h parameters voltage divider - 6 dB/decade A loosely coupled transformer loadline
23. A. 24. C. 25. A. 26. D. stage 27. B. 28. B. 29. B. 30. B. cycle 31. B. 32. B. 33. A.
6-31
48.2 dB current 16.5 kΩ Input impedance of second Transistor I, II, and III 20 Hz to 20 kHz saturates on negative half-
plastic material I, II, and III The coupling and bypass capacitors 34. A. Class C 35. A. a narrower bandwidth 36. D. Gate 37. B. 220 38. A. The coupling and bypass capacitors 39. B. current flow 40. B. Very low resistance 41. A. RIN(base) > 10 R2 42. B. Cut-off 43. B. 7.5 44. C. < +/- 0.1 V throughout the active range of the transistor which may change base current by a factor of 10 or more 45. C. common-collector 46. A. An audio power amplifier 47. C. complementary symmetry transistors 48. C. Large 49. D. Emitter 50. C. Larger 51. A. equal to the current in the bias resistors and diodes 52. D. an area of low charge density around p-n junction 53. C. C 54. D. all of these 55. A. collector-base, reverse bias 56. C. A parallel LC network 57. A. The change of the collector current with respect to base current 58. B. Vary the capacitance 59. A. Decrease 60. D. Class D 61. B. Using rf transformers 62. B. Low 63. A. digital switching applications 64. B. no current flows from emitter to collector
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65. D. The coupling of a portion of the output signal to the input of the circuit 66. C. Common base 67. C. Transformer 68. B. quiescent current 69. C. Crossover distortion 70. A. (a) Low (b) high 71. A. one-half the peak load current 72. C. 4 A 73. C. 800 kohm 74. B. Common collector 75. B. Is usually small enough to ignore 76. B. 12 W 77. C. base 78. A. To provide signals of usable amplitude 79. C. Crossover distortion 80. D. Linear region 81. B. 2.25 V 82. A. can be essentially independent of βDC 83. B. AC coupling 84. B. 2VCEQ 85. D. 50 86. B. 0.7 V 87. B. forward-reverse 88. B. Class B 89. B. Bypass capacitor 90. B. A swamping resistor in parallel with the tuned circuit
91. A.
92. D. 93. B. 94. B.
Output is present more than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees of the signal input cycles minimum acting like a reverse biased diode 25 I
1. A. 2. B. 3. B. 4. B. 5. D. 6. C. 7. C. 8. D. 9. C. 10. B. 11. C. 12. A. 13. C. that 14. C. 15. A. on 16. B. signal signal 17. D. 18. D. 19. B. 20. C. 21. C. 22. D. 23. C. 24. C. 25. C. 26. D. 27. B. 28. B. 29. A. 30. B. 31. A. 32. B. 33. D. AB 34. A. 35. C. 36. A. 37. A.
C
95. A. IB > IC(sat)/βDC 96. A. Class A 97. A. not affected the collector current 98. A. Forward-biased 99. D. all of these 100.D. Both A and B
38. D. 39. B. 40. A.
Section 3
43. 44. 45. 46.
Transistor Circuits Fundamentals
Quiz 24
41. D. 42. C. D. A. D. C.
Amplification Class B I, II, and III RC right at cutoff Has an AC voltage Common collector Equal zero class B amplifiers 98% Transformer full 360º of the input cycle In order to produce an output is a replica of the input 14.14 V negative on emitter, positive base, positive on collector The input signal remains unchanged and the output is controlled by the input Shockley answer B and C impedance matching 60 V II, III, and IV IC and VCE Emitter bias heat sinks Negative feedback two stages of CC VGS PNP transistor Stabilizes voltage gain zero Emitter-follower Base, collector and emitter greater than classes A, B, or Cutoff Has lower input resistance Flow into the collector to maintain a constant voltage across the emitter resistor answer A and B current, voltage The base current is effectively amplified to become the collector current Usually destructive a very small percentage of the input cycle Cut-off Class A 30 V Negative
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6-33
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 47. B. acting like a reverse biased diode 48. C. Class A amplifier 49. C. totem-pole 50. C. uses only a small portion of its load line 51. D. Unimportant 52. A. Excessive power 53. C. enhancing the probability that electrons will be swept across it into the collector 54. B. acting like a reverse biased diode 55. B. Neutralization 56. A. common-emitter 57. D. Increases the overall gain 58. A. 500 mW 59. D. The final stage in an audio amplifier 60. B. Reduces distortion 61. A. βAC 62. A. Class A 63. A. Transformer coupling 64. A. Higher gain 65. B. No current flow from emitter to collector 66. D. acting like a forward biased diode 67. D. Transformer 68. B. Linear and Cutoff region 69. C. it produces high leakage current 70. B. The presence of capacitance both external and internal 71. A. A 72. D. positive with respect to the emitter 73. B. RC 74. D. current gain 75. C. 78.5 percent 76. A. Impedance 77. D. answer A and C 78. A. Very low 79. D. answer A and C 80. C. Collector current plus base current 81. B. The relationship of the component to the output signal path 82. D. megger 83. D. Is usually less than the load resistance 84. A. Capacitance 85. C. is 5.3 mA 86. B. Emitter feedback resistance 87. D. A step-down transformer
88. B. IC(sat) 89. A. Inductors 90. A. based on the principle of negative feedback 91. A. Transformer coupling 92. B. At the center of the loadline and cutoff respectively 93. A. Fewer parts are used 94. B. the voltage gain 95. B. Dependent on re' 96. C. P-type collector, N-type base, P-type emitter 97. D. AC collector resistance 98. B. VCE(cut off) and IC(sat) 99. B. Holes 100.B. Collector current to base current
Section 4
Field Effect Transistors (FET) 1. 2. 3.
Quiz 25
C. positive VGS(th), negative VGS(th) B. Dual gate MOSFET A. The gate voltage controls the drain current 4. B. The transistor itself may dissipate up to 100 W of energy (but this number may have to be de-rated) 5. A. pinch-off and breakdown 6. D. Gate-source cutoff voltage 7. A. Just below the saturation point 8. C. An unbypassed resistance between source and ground (RS) 9. A. 2.34 V 10. B. BJT emitter follower and MOSFET source follower 11. D. all of these 12. C. Resistor 13. D. common-drain amplifier 14. A. Gate material 15. A. 1.89 V 16. D. Drain current for zero gate voltage 17. A. The gate of MOSFET is insulated from the channel by an SiO2 layer, whereas the gate and channel in a JFET is separated by a pn junction 18. D. Zener 19. A. Field effect transistor 20. C. current and power gain 21. A. 35 22. A. high input impedance
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23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69.
C. N-channel FET C. Nonlinear A. E-MOSFET C. MESFET C. - VGS(off)
70. B. 71. C. 72. B. 73. C. 74. D. 75. B. respect 76. C. 77. C. 78. B. 79. D. 80. D. 81. B. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88.
D. C. C. C. B. D. D.
89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96.
D. C. D. B. A. A. B. A.
97. B. 98. C. 99. C. 100.B.
drain, gate, source square-law device the JFET has a pn junction A passive load positive VGS, negative VGS positive on the gate with to the source gate 4.5 An active load VGS=0 much lower input resistance the maximum possible drain current all of these the source and the substrate A passive load One charge carrier device 1000 MΩ Complementary MOS Due to reverse-biased gate-to-source junction ID(on) Greater than VGS(th) The transconductance (gm) VDD Two-terminal device drain and source Gate-to-source completely closed by the depletion region E-MOSFET the gate-to-source pn junction reverse-biased 180 Vp
Section 5
Feedback Networks & Oscillators
Quiz 26
1. 2.
B.
Opposes the input signal
A.
3.
C.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
D. C.
The resistance of the coil and inductor a phase shift around the feedback loop of 0˚ Colpitts oscillator oscillator
A.
Zero
C. D. D. C.
greater than 1 Negative Crystal oscillator types of LC oscillators
A.
Almost equal
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
A. B.
Pulsed oscillator Neutralization
C.
May equal to 1
D. A. C.
Phase-locked-loop positive feedback Capacitor
B.
Shorted feedback resistor
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
B. D. C. C.
a VCO Astable An overcoupled transformer Audio oscillators
D.
Ideally zero
28. 29.
A. C.
B. Differential voltage gain of the op amp
B. a gain of 1 around the feedback loop B. The size and thickness of the crystal material B. A swamping resistor in parallel with the tuned circuit B. Sinusoidal oscillator C. stability
30. 31. 32. B. 33. C. 34. C.
35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.
Fewer parts are used Filter circuit
Current-to-voltage converter
increases In biasing circuits DC negative feedback is provided while amplifiers employ AC negative feedback D. It must have a positive feedback sufficient to overcome losses A. the charging and discharging of a capacitor A. LC, RC or crystal D. An electrical voltage will appear across the X axis D. A step-down transformer
B.
A. D. D.
Distortion
three RC circuits all of these Due to series resonance
B.
1
D.
A resistor IC combination
B.
Three lead or lag circuits
B.
To provide maximum impedance at a given frequency 48. B. RC time constant 49. B. A network consisting of one inductor and two capacitors or two inductances and one capacitor 50. A. Notch filter
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
6-35
A.
no stable states
B.
Very small
B.
Causes saturation and cut-
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.
C.
Damping
A.
Decreases
D. A.
all of these A loosely coupled transformer
B.
Transformer coupling
D. D. C.
High power rating a lead-lag circuit relaxation oscillators
65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
B.
Frequency cut-off
B.
Two resistors
B. D. C. A.
Using rf transformers 0.02 timing circuits Coupling
C.
A virtual ground
D. C. C.
Transformer Hartley 141,000 Hz
B.
76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
A.
Through the feedback resistor
84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98.
off
B. C.
multiplication The piezoelectric effect
D. Output voltage to input current
sine waves
D. C.
360 degrees Colpitts
B.
period
C.
Ideally zero
D.
Power bandwidth
A.
Positive feedback
B.
Noise voltage in resistors
B.
Vary the capacitance
A.
At low frequencies
C.
Between 0 and -90 degrees
A.
Optimum
B.
Lead circuit
A.
Between 0 and +90 degrees
C.
A parallel LC network
B. D. C.
D. D. C.
C.
C.
it requires no input signal 555 The difference between the highest and lowest frequency shown on a frequency-response curve Negative 10% to 90% of maximum Negative
voltage-controlled
Negative
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99. D. 100.D.
4.08 MHz
High
Section 6 Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps)
Quiz 27
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
C. Two times either collector current A. infinite C. 200 millivolts B. Zero A. 0 B. Summing amplifier C. 105 to 109 A. Difference between two base currents C. Astable multi-vibrators B. Sum of two emitter currents C. the gain is 2 C. II, III, and IV C. An output error voltage usually exists A. 10-5 A. summing of signals occurs at only the inverting input B. Difference in collector resistors D. 0 B. I, II, and III C. Both inputs D. differential A. I, II, and IV C. operational transconductance amplifier B. Smaller than voltage gain D. all of these C. Megaohms A. Diff amp D. a bias current B. I, II, and III A. voltage-to-current amplifier D. slew rate B. Current source A. Very high output power A. CMRR C. The same C. the transconductance and the load resistor C. Produces an output voltage that is the sum of the input voltages C. a square waveform B. Often expressed in decibels B. ex B. Av = -Rf/Ri
41. D.
three op-amps and seven resistors 42. C. Differential input and single-ended output 43. D. a ramp 44. D. Amplifies the difference between two input voltages 45. C. crosses zero 46. A. Less than the input bias current 47. C. 100 48. D. answer A and C 49. B. Input offset voltage 50. B. has two trigger points 51. D. Minimum bandwidth 52. C. each proportional to the weight of its input 53. D. Compensating capacitance 54. D. the unity-gain frequency 55. C. 2 56. A. 100 kHz 57. B. 0.67 V/s 58. B. Closed-loop voltage gain 59. B. increases the input impedance and the bandwidth 60. B. inverting mode 61. C. stays the same 62. A. Distortion occurs 63. D. all of these 64. B. integrator 65. C. limits the output levels 66. B. Peak value decreases 67. B. setting the voltage gain 68. C. Hartley 69. B. Peak value increases 70. C. 3 71. B. capacitor 72. A. Slew-rate distortion occurs 73. A. high-noise environments 74. D. the fraction of the output signal that is fed back to the input 75. B. the logarithmic characteristics of a pn junction 76. C. Maximum positive or negative 77. D. Both B and C 78. A. 2 microvolts 79. A. resistor 80. C. 5 V peak-to-peak (180-degree phase shift) 81. C. input, output, and power 82. C. The feedback resistance divided by the input resistance 83. B. 9 kHz 84. A. A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined
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6-37
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO
85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98.
by components external to the amplifier B. transformers C. Large closed-loop input impedance B. 1000 D. voltage comparator A. 20 transistors and 11 resistors D. A Wheatstone bridge C. output, input B. Two or more input signals C. +10 V B. Op amp does not go into saturation D. All of the above B. Minimum B. 100 to 1000 B. One supply voltage
99. C.
100.C.
The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in a closed-loop condition Voltage-to-current converter
Section 7
Basic Filter Networks
Quiz 28 1. 2. 3.
C. D. B.
Transition
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
B. D. C. C. D. A. C.
second-order filters
roll-off rate
Geometric average of the cutoff frequencies greater than
a single RC circuit
Notch filter answer A and C
Voltage gain
greater than critical frequency of the high-pass filter
the same gain at all frequencies 12. D. Staggered center frequencies and Q's 11. C.
13. 14. 15. 16.
D. B. D. B.
answer B and C
17. 18. 19. 20.
C. B. D. A.
Elliptic
Inverse Chebyshev Divided by the K values a summing amplifier and two integrators butterworth
Bessel
increases
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
D. A. C. A. D.
13 the negative feedback circuit
0 degrees to -360 degrees two critical frequencies
360 dB per decade
Section 8 Microelectronics & IC Fabrications 1. 2. 3.
D. C. C.
4. 5.
B. B.
6. 7.
D. D.
8. A. 9. D. 10. A. 11. B. 12. C. 13. A. 14. D. 15. D. 16. C. 17. D. 18. B. 19. A. 20. D. 21. D. 22. B. 23. C. 24. C. 25. B. 26. C. 27. B. bases 28. C. 29. C. 30. C. 31. B. 32. D. 33. C. 34. C. 35. A. 36. D. 37. B. 38. B.
Quiz 29
hybrid increases less than 180 interconnected components Printed circuit board (PCB) less than 1500 interconnected components Epitaxial more than 15,000 interconnected components Integrated circuit (IC) all of these Size L shaped leads VLSI J shaped leads Wafer all of these Epitaxial all of these cordwood Inductors encapsulated Monolithic Integrated circuit Isolation silicon chips Miniature electronics Resistors and capacitors Use of transistor with narrow Transistors and vacuum tubes Printed circuit board 2,000 Microcircuit module very large-scale integration Active A computer Oxidizing wafer mask Ceramic Film IC
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39. A. inches 40. C. 41. D. 42. C. 43. A. 44. B. 45. A. 46. C. 47. B. 48. D. 49. D. 50. A. 51. C. 52. B. 53. B. 54. D. 55. A.
(a) 2 inches (b) 0.01 to 0.02
Monolithic Monolithic Screening Oxide (a) Diffused (b) epitaxial Isolation Photo etching Thin-film Each of the above Vacuum evaporation Hybrid IC Design flexibility Microcircuit For ease of handling all of these ICs usually combine several functions into one package 56. B. Size 57. C. a DIP 58. A. never on together 59. D. complementary pairs 60. B. Blast furnace 61. C. propagation delay 62. D. negative voltage operation, high speed, and high power consumption 63. C. Vacuum evaporation 64. A. low power consumption and very high noise immunity 65. B. level-shifter or translator 66. A. high input impedance and low output impedance 67. B. System packaging 68. C. both the voltages and the currents 69. A. Cordwood module 70. B. SMT 71. C. thousands of basic logic gates and advanced sequential logic functions 72. B. PLD 73. C. Beam-lead chip 74. A. the PLA has a programmable OR plane and a programmable AND plane, while the PAL only has a programmable AND plane 75. C. DIP plastics 76. B. PAL (Programmable Array Logic) 77. C. Bonding wires 78. A. a global interconnection matrix 79. D. Wafer 80. C. it cannot be reprogrammed
Section 9
Instrumentations & Controls
Quiz 30 1. 2.
C. A.
Hall The smallest change in applied stimulus that will indicate a detectable change in deflection 3. A. In series 4. C. Never apply power to the circuit when measuring voltage with the meter 5. C. Zener 6. B. Full-scale deflection 7. A. Voltmeter sensitivity 8. A. Energy 9. A. Ohms/Volt 10. C. clipper 11. C. Pair of headphones 12. A. Its calibration 13. C. In series with the load 14. A. Hay bridge 15. A. ripple 16. B. Move slowly 17. C. Less than meter resistance 18. B. regulation 19. B. Determination of the proper scale 20. B. Its reading will not change 21. B. 150 mV 22. B. ammeter shunt 23. C. Braking action on a meter pointer 24. C. Ability to measure wide range of voltages and resistances 25. B. Ammeter sensitivity 26. B. In DC circuits only 27. C. In parallel with the load 28. A. ammeter 29. C. D’ Arsonval 30. D. Accuracy classes 1, 1.5, 2.5 and 5 31. A. High voltage 32. A. A shunt resistance in parallel with the meter 33. B. resistance 34. C. Degree to which repeatability continues to remain with specific limits 35. D. High voltage measurement 36. D. The maximum error in sensitivity displayed by a pen 37. B. A and B only
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6-39
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 38. B. the 39. A. 40. B. 41. A. 42. D. 43. A. 44. A. 45. A. 46. C. 47. A. 48. B. 49. B. 50. B.
51. C. 52. A. 53. D. 54. C. 55. D.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
D. D. B. B. D.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.
B. B. D. D. D. B.
67. C. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72.
A. B. D. D. B.
73. B. 74. B. 75. C.
Shunt resistors in parallel with meter movement parallel Linear scale Out-of-circuit meter Effective Circuit continuity X is more sensitive Has infinite high resistance energy Bypass the current To monitor circuit operation Hotwire and thermocouple Insulation resistance
multiply the desired value by the known value, then divide this product by their difference By ensuring that the meter resistance is low compared to circuit resistance Analog meters Moving-coil meter total current is multiplied by the ratio of the other branch resistor, divided by the sum of the branch resistances Aluminum All of the above 2 ground Voltmeter, current meter and ohmmeter Clamp probe Never balanced Kelvin-double bridge Increase the voltage range A resistor in series with the meter movement multiply the desired value by the known value, then divide this product by their difference Anderson bridge Ohmmeter power supply bleeder High resistance The highest range and then increase the range 0V The interaction of magnetic fields zero ohms
76. B. 77. D. 78. B. series 79. C. 80. 81. 82. AC 83.
D. A. D.
84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.
A. A. D. C. A. A. B.
A.
91. A. 92. D. 93. D. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98.
B. A. A. C. D.
points 99. A. 100.A.
Smoothing the oscillations of the pointer infinite It acts as a resistances in and lowers the circuit current how much the meter will change the circuit conditions All of these A rectifier add the capability of reading currents To determine the reason a circuit is not functioning properly Megohmmeter 14 V Low deflection indication DC as well as AC voltage 5,000 The scales of the meters The difference between two nearly equal resistances lower than the circuit voltage Hidden behind the pointer Capacitance and its power factor 3 In series with the load field effect transistors The mid-scale portion Current in the coil connected across the measurement lower, lower Point more to magnetic north
Section 10
Instrumentations & Controls 1. 2. 3. for 4.
D. D. B. A.
mirror 5. A. 6. C. error 7. B. 8. A. 9. D. 10. B.
Quiz 31
30 A voltages The lowest amount of current full-scale deflection indication Reading errors due to inclined observation are eliminated by removing parallax between the pointer and its image in the 0 To aid in reducing parallax 0.5 A Average an ac signal source Current
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11. 12. 13. 14.
B. A. D. C. in a 15. A. 16. A. 17. B.
2.4 V, 4 kHz Mid-scale portion All of the above The smallest signal that results detectable output An ac/dc switch Hall Effect A high resistance is connected in series 18. C. Hook-on voltameter 19. B. 0.3 volt peak-to-peak 20. D. Permanent-magnet moving 21. A. The internal resistance of ammeters should be very small and that of voltmeters should very small 22. D. all of these 23. C. Voltage 24. B. Get an instrument with a higher internal resistance 25. A. high accuracy of measurements 26. D. Electrodynamic 27. A. A nonlinear scale 28. C. connected in parallel with the component removed from the circuit 29. B. The zero point is corrected with the help of this control 30. C. Continuity 31. D. all of these 32. B. Loading 33. B. observe polarity 34. B. To control the pointer movement 35. B. Range resistors 36. A. zero deflection 37. C. Eddy-current damping 38. D. Voltmeter 39. C. ohmmeter testing 40. D. A coil of high inductance 41. D. all of these 42. D. It decreases 43. B. 1 44. C. Power 45. A. ohms 46. A. Higher than 47. D. DC ammeter 48. D. resolution 49. A. in parallel with the circuit 50. A. the highest range 51. C. screen, deflection plates and electron gun 52. B. lowest position to just see the waveform 53. A. in phase 54. B. Personal safety 55. C. The aluminum frame
56. D. All of these 57. D. All of these 58. D. It is smaller and shows a simplified readout 59. D. A logic probe 60. D. The high and low logic states 61. D. A logic probe 62. A. Attenuate the transmitter output going to the spectrum analyzer 63. C. a looping pattern with 3 loops horizontally and 2 loops vertically 64. D. It gives an indication of the resonant frequency of a nearby circuit 65. B. Power coupled from an oscillator causes a decrease in metered current 66. B. Time base accuracy, speed of the logic and time base stability 67. A. Frequency 68. D. Amplitude 69. B. A device used to produce a highly accurate reference frequency 70. A. As loosely as possible 71. C. The speed at which a transceiver switches from transmit to receive when being used for packet radio 72. A. Accuracy and linearity of the time base and the linearity and bandwidth of the deflection amplifiers 73. B. Calibration, mechanical tolerance and coil impedance 74. D. By increasing the horizontal sweep rate and the vertical amplifier frequency response 75. B. In parallel with the circuit 76. A. In series with the circuit 77. C. By adding resistance in series with the meter, between the meter and the circuit under test 78. A. Resistance is added in series with the meter 79. D. By adding resistance in parallel with the ammeter 80. D. Voltage, current and resistance 81. B. It would probably destroy the meter circuitry
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 82. C. meter 83. A. 84. C. the 85. C. 86. A. 87. D.
It would probably destroy the circuitry Forward and reflected power Measuring voltage when using ohms setting A signal generator An oscilloscope An oscilloscope designed around digital technology rather than analog technology 88. D. To identify an inoperative stage in a receiver 89. D. By varying electromagnetic fields 90. D. The length of time the image remains on the screen after the beam is turned off 91. A. The image size will decrease and the tube will produce X-rays 92. B. The anode voltage 93. C. It samples an analog signal and passes it in stages from the input to the output 94. A. It stores photogenerated charges as signals corresponding to pixels 95. B. a display that uses a crystalline liquid to change the way light is refracted 96. C. Electrostatic 97. C. It can be used as an analog-to-digital converter 98. A. Oscilloscope 99. C. Bolometer 100.D. Employ shunt resistor across
Section 10 Transducers & Thyristors
Quiz 32
1.
D.
To protect the drive from high voltage transient surges
2. 3. 4.
C.
A switch
B. B.
5. 6. 7.
D. A. D.
Latching Load current can flow in both directions under control of one gate answer A and B Gate and anode To control the power to an AC load
8. B. 9. B. 10. A. 11. A. 12. D.
Aids the original change Thermocouple Reports when each slot passes the photo detector Gate, anode 1 and anode 2 answer A and C
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
A. C. A. D. C.
6-41
Transistors Report linear position The junction diode it has two gate terminals Two-terminal bi-directional switch
18. C. 19. B. 20. B.
Breakover
21. B. 22. B. the
Trigger current
Holding current When a thin wire is stretched, its resistance goes up the device will turn off when anode current falls below this value
23. B. Low-current drop out 24. C. The sensor generates a voltage when in the presence of a magnetic field 25. D. Inverse parallel connected SCRs with common gate 26. C. triggered on and off by the gate-to-anode voltage 27. A. A voltage proportional to temperature is generated at the junction of two dissimilar metals 28. B. Anode, cathode and gate 29. A. Holding current 30. D. diacs and triacs 31. B. The pressure at the bottom is proportional the liquid depth 32. B. Silicon controlled rectifier 33. B. Three external leads 34. A. like a bi-directional SCR 35. C. When fluid goes through a restriction the pressure drops proportional to the flow 36. B. A gate trigger 37. D. bilateral conduction 38. D. Servo 39. C. LASCR 40. C. High-current devices 41. C. the forward-breakover voltage 42. A. Conducting and non-conducting 43. B. holding current 44. A. Crowbar 45. D. either B or C 46. A. Current can flow either way, if the forward breakover voltage is exceeded 47. B. False triggering 48. B. in the off state
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49. D. The difference between the measured pressure and ambient pressure 50. D. Current limiting 51. B. directly proportional to light 52. C. 8 V 53. D. Light 54. B. three pn junctions 55. D. anode, reversing polarity 56. D. Bidirectional device 57. B. Breakover voltage 58. A. it has a gate terminal 59. C. A positive voltage on the gate switches the SCR into conduction mode, but the gate cannot be used to turn it off 60. C. A positive voltage on the gate switches the SCR into conduction mode, but the gate cannot be used to turn it off 61. C. Light activated SCR 62. B. breakover voltage 63. A. Voltage gradient 64. D. Latch 65. D. Digital displays 66. A. Breakover 67. C. show high resistance in both directions 68. C. show high resistance in both directions 69. C. 2.5 V 70. B. 0.7 V 71. A. SCS 72. C. Low-current drop out 73. C. capacitance 74. B. False triggering 75. A. dV/dt 76. C. pnpn diode 77. B. Transducers 78. A. High frequencies 79. B. Positive feedback 80. A. Degenerative or negative feedback
Section 11 Fundamentals of Robotics
Quiz 33
1. 2. 3.
D. C. B.
4.
C.
60 degrees Leon Fourcault Uses a permanent magnet for the rotor The torque required to rotate the shaft when it is stopped with power off
5.
C.
Has only two separate winding circuits 6. B. Has four field coils, each coil is energized separately 7. A. Frequency and induction heating 8. A. When adjacent coil field coils are energized at the same time, causing the rotor to align between the field coils 9. D. Pneumatic and jointed arm 10. B. Uses a toothed iron wheel for the rotor 11. D. Combines the features of the permanent magnet and variable reluctance stepper motors 12. C. Be able to reverse polarity to the same coils in sequence 13. B. Send the voltage to each individual field coil in sequence 14. D. Open-loop 15. D. A control system where feedback is not used 16. A. A control system that has a feedback loop 17. B. Time lag 18. A. A number which describes the behavior of a device (output divided by the input) 19. D. 0.005V/rpm 20. B. Any control system that uses a digital circuit (such as a microprocessor) for the controller 21. A. A control system used in industry to oversee the making of a uniform product 22. D. A process that has a defined series of tasks 23. C. A closed-loop control system that physically moves something 24. A. Differential synchro 25. A. A system for automatically machining parts on lathes and milling machines 26. D. A simple robot that moves parts from one place to another, over and over 27. D. Weld interval 28. A. Front-panel milking 29. B. piezoelectric effect 30. A. Will reject frequencies below the cutoff frequency
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 31. B. A, B and C 32. B. The information is conveyed by current (to avoid voltage drop problems) 33. A. When equipment is grounded at different places, which may cause a large current in the shield 34. D. Stabilized 35. D. All the shields and equipment are connected to ground at the same place 36. C. Precession 37. C. 9.56 V 38. A. Has one set of contacts, that set has three terminals 39. B. 6 mA 40. D. By magnetic coupling from the rotor 41. A. A static fluid under pressure will exert the same pressure on all the vessel walls 42. C. Two meshed gears rotate in housing. Fluid is moved in the space between the teeth 43. A. Articulated arm and cylindrical 44. A. The pump is on the whole time. Unneeded fluid circulates through a pressure regulator back to the fluid tank 45. C. Directs fluid to either side of the piston, and allows for the fluid on the other side of the piston to return to the tank 46. B. Uses compressed air that is exhausted to the atmosphere after use 47. C. A, B and C 48. C. The controller tries to maintain some process at a specified value by continuously sampling the output with a sensor and using this information to make corrections 49. B. drop time 50. D. Control transformer 51. B. The controller maintains the output between two levels by turning the actuator on when the output gets too low and turning it off when the output gets too high 52. A. The controller drives the output up if it gets too low, and drives it down if it gets too high 53. C. Servo
54. D. 55. C. 56. A. 57. D. 58. C. 59. A. 60. C. 61. C. 62. A. 63. C. 64. C. 65. C. motion 66. B. 67. A. 68. C. lines 69. D. 70. C. 71. D. of 72. B. 73. A. 74. D. 75. D. 76. C. 77. B. 78. C. 79. B. 80. A. 81. D. 82. C.
6-43
proportional to the difference between the actual position and the set-point Gyroscope When the error is small, the restoring force from the controller is small Position servo Eliminates steady-state-error Great force capacity handling heavy loads Makes the system respond faster Hydraulic A proportional controller with some integral and differential control added Servo system An unstable control system may go into oscillations It always has all nothing Open when the relay is not energized Intrinsically safe flammable environment such as painting Each "rung" is a circuit, which connects across the power Hydraulic A self-contained, microprocessor-based controller A section of memory where each bit corresponds to state an actual physical switch Each rung controls a possible action; if the rung goes TRUE, the action is taken An instruction that goes TRUE when it's corresponding real-world switch closes Tri-speed synchro system Goes TRUE after a specified time has elapsed Controls a sequence of on-off outputs Heat sub-interval Connect sensors and actuators to the PLC A digital controller specifically built to control multi-axis motion arm manager Dexterity equality constraint
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83. C. 84. C. 85. B. 86. A. 87. B. 88. C. 89. B. 90. D. 91. C. 92. B. 93. A. 94. D. 95. C. 96. C. 97. C. 98. D. 99. B. 100.A. 101.A. 102. A. 103. B. 104. A. 105. B. 106. A. 107. C. 108. D. 109.B. 110. D. 111. D. 112. C. 113. C. 114.D. 115.A. 116. B. 117. D. 118. D. 119. A. 120. A. 121. A. 122. D. 123. D. 124. C. 125. B.
inequality constraint Repeatability end-effector first arm Pitch Roll Servo control Yaw Accuracy Continuous-path programs Arc welding Base Robot Axis Artificial Intelligence Pneumatic CAD CAM Degrees of Freedom Flexibility Flexibility Force sensor Manipulator Off-Line Programming On-Line Programming Pick and Place robot Point-To-Point motion Reliability Resolver Robot Shoulder Stepper Motor Sequential, Tracking, Registration, Informational Point-to-point Tachometer Tactile sensor Tool center point (TCP) Degree of mobility Teaching Pneumatic and jointed-arm Touch sensor Touch sensor Work Cell Work Envelope
Section 12 Computer Fundamentals 1. 2. 3. 4.
C. C. B. C.
Quiz 34
instruction set UNIVAC Parallel port A loop program
5.
C.
A microprocessor is just the processor, the microcontroller is the name of the an IC that contains the microprocessor and other supporting circuits, including memory and I/O 6. C. 0101 0110 0111 7. C. using the formula 2n where n = number of inputs 8. C. Algorithm 9. D. all of these 10. A. one 11. A. first an AND gate then an inverter 12. D. all of these 13. C. 1, 1, 1, 0 14. B. Program 15. A. first an OR gate then an inverter 16. C. none of the inputs are an one 17. A. ALU 18. B. 0, 1, 1, 0 19. D. all of these 20. A. reduce complicated logic expressions to simplest form 21. A. William Oughtred 22. D. all of these 23. D. all of these 24. A. OR expression 25. A. plus (+) 26. C. A flip-flop 27. B. Two 28. B. A bistable multivibrator 29. D. all of these 30. D. It produces a logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1" 31. D. all of these 32. B. Colossus 33. D. all of these 34. D. all of these 35. C. the single data input 36. D. all of these 37. D. Output device(s) 38. B. It produces a logic "1" at its output only if all inputs are logic "1" 39. A. CPU 40. C. shift registers both store data and change its format 41. A. CPU 42. D. all of these 43. D. all of these 44. B. Even when power is not applied to the memory
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6-45
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 45. A. 46. A.
produce a coded output signal Flip-flop
47. C.
8 or 16 input lines are connected individually to 1 line byte Number of States = 2n where n = number of flip-flops It produces a logic "1" at its output if any input is or all inputs are logic "1" a decoder circuit John Van Neumann all of these Hackers input, output, control, memory and ALU ROM the instruction register stores the instruction which the decoder converts to a control signal the program counter steps to the next instruction using the address register to keep track PROMs number of bits in the address bus 65,536 locations inverting buffer stores the address of the instruction being fetched from memory stores the memory location of data stored to be next worked on machine language all of these store add, subtract increment or decrement data control input and output devices design engineer synthesis minterm data processing 6 Associative hardware 16 Database primitive
output 48. D. 49. A. 50. A. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
B. A. D. B. C.
56. D. 57. B.
58. C. 59. A. 60. B. 61. C. 62. A. 63. A. 64. A. 65. 66. 67. 68.
B. D. B. B.
69. C. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79.
A. C. B. A. C. A. B. C. D. A.
80. B. 81. B. 82. C. 83. C. 84. B. 85. C. 86. B. 87. D. 88. A. 89. A. 90. C. 91. A. 92. C. 93. C. 94. A. 95. B. 96. D. 97. B. 98. C. 99. D. 100.C.
VHDL Operating system architecture bit decoder binary coded decimal process demultiplexer ripple blanking 1's complement excess-3 code Gray code 2 single bits and one carry bit generate the output Q is ACTIVE sequential port map hold time recovery time Output Logic Macrocell 16
Section 12 Computer Fundamentals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
D. C. D. D. B. B. B. B. D. C.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
B. D. A. A. D. A. B. C. B. A. C. D. B. D. A. D. B. B.
Quiz 35
look-up table carry chains 32 terminal count 9 9 2n Moore machine enumerated type the output was previously 1, and J = 1 5 Both column and row decoders fan-out VOH – VIH all of these Flowchart compare two numbers 1 if both inputs are the same AND gate CMOS open collector floating settling time digital ½ LSB nonmonotonic error aliasing 1024
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29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72.
B. A. D. C. C. A. D.
Moore's Law address multiplexing First In First Out (FIFO) bus contention 139 Computer literacy Data is stored in 8-bit groups, where each group has an address A. The processor can read and write to RAM, it can read but not write to ROM A. Fetching and executing the instructions one by one B. 2.66 V D. 10011101 B. multiplication D. multiplication A. commutative law C. associative law A. subtraction and division C. 42 A. 69EC A. 0 V C. AND D. vinculum D. NOR gate C. NOT B. 2 C. propagation delay B. glitch C. a system in which a low voltage represents logic HIGH D. the fraction of the period that the signal is in the HIGH state B. the 50% point of the rising edge to the 50% point of the falling edge A. MSB C. 36A D. A bank alarm will trigger when any of the tellers hits a panic button A. an LED B. computer program B. NOR gate D. low A. OR D. over 10,000 gates per package D. TTL C. A & B & C C. data bus D. Macro-instruction A. accumulator C. port
73. A.
adds a positive offset to the input signal 74. D. Compatibility 75. B. bootstrap loader 76. C. macro 77. B. label 78. D. industry standard architecture 79. C. 5 volts 80. C. Magnetic bubble 81. C. converts 4 bit-binary into decimal number 82. A. are similar to encoders but carry data from many inputs to 1 output 83. A. A high-logic state 84. A. 2.0 to 5.5 volts 85. C. 0.0 to 0.8 volts 86. D. Differential output 87. C. The input switching threshold is about one-half the power supply voltage 88. B. Two 89. D. It alternates between two unstable states 90. A. It switches momentarily to the opposite binary state and then returns after a set time to its original state 91. D. Hardware 92. C. It produces a logic "0" at its output if any input is or all inputs are logic "1" 93. C. A list of input combinations and their corresponding outputs that characterize the function of a digital device 94. D. A high level 95. A. A low level 96. D. It divides an HF signal so a low-frequency counter can display the operating frequency 97. B. 10 98. A. It produces one output pulse for every ten input pulses 99. C. Two flip-flops 100.C. Machine language
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